[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163344},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1558},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1551,"extension":1552,"meta":1553,"navigation":335,"path":1554,"seo":1555,"stem":1556,"__hash__":1557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1503},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,48,58,63,119,126,129,230,233,240,245,248,259,262,276,282,286,291,298,301,349,359,364,367,418,421,435,442,448,452,485,488,507,510,514,556,558,580,583,597,602,608,611,671,674,685,688,699,702,706,712,715,745,748,763,766,769,788,791,808,818,821,855,861,867,870,878,909,912,934,937,940,954,958,989,1006,1014,1021,1025,1033,1037,1045,1048,1097,1109,1113,1116,1122,1127,1137,1141,1144,1147,1151,1154,1156,1177,1181,1187,1198,1204,1208,1214,1238,1241,1306,1309,1337,1340,1402,1406,1413,1416,1425,1433,1440,1443,1452,1458,1462,1490,1499],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dir-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"dir()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,27,28],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,31,32,36,39,45],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"learning Python",[33,37,38],{},"exploring a new object",[33,40,41,42],{},"debugging an ",[15,43,44],{},"AttributeError",[33,46,47],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,49,50,51,53,54],{},"In short, ",[15,52,17],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[55,56,57],"strong",{},"“What can I use here?”",[59,60,62],"h2",{"id":61},"quick-example","Quick example",[64,65,70],"pre",{"className":66,"code":67,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n","python","",[15,71,72,96],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74,77,81,85,89,93],"span",{"class":75,"line":76},"line",1,[73,78,80],{"class":79},"su5hD","name ",[73,82,84],{"class":83},"smGrS","=",[73,86,88],{"class":87},"sjJ54"," \"",[73,90,92],{"class":91},"s_sjI","hello",[73,94,95],{"class":87},"\"\n",[73,97,99,103,107,110,112,116],{"class":75,"line":98},2,[73,100,102],{"class":101},"sptTA","print",[73,104,106],{"class":105},"sP7_E","(",[73,108,109],{"class":101},"dir",[73,111,106],{"class":105},[73,113,115],{"class":114},"slqww","name",[73,117,118],{"class":105},"))\n",[20,120,121,122,125],{},"Use ",[15,123,124],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,127,128],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[64,130,132],{"className":66,"code":131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,133,134],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135,136,139,142,145,147,150,153,156,158,160,162,165,167,169,171,174,176,178,180,183,185,187,189,192,194,196,200,202,204,207,209,211,213,216,218,220,222,225,227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137,138],{"class":105},"[",[73,140,141],{"class":87},"'",[73,143,144],{"class":91},"__add__",[73,146,141],{"class":87},[73,148,149],{"class":105},",",[73,151,152],{"class":87}," '",[73,154,155],{"class":91},"__class__",[73,157,141],{"class":87},[73,159,149],{"class":105},[73,161,152],{"class":87},[73,163,164],{"class":91},"__contains__",[73,166,141],{"class":87},[73,168,149],{"class":105},[73,170,152],{"class":87},[73,172,173],{"class":91},"__delattr__",[73,175,141],{"class":87},[73,177,149],{"class":105},[73,179,152],{"class":87},[73,181,182],{"class":91},"__dir__",[73,184,141],{"class":87},[73,186,149],{"class":105},[73,188,152],{"class":87},[73,190,191],{"class":91},"__doc__",[73,193,141],{"class":87},[73,195,149],{"class":105},[73,197,199],{"class":198},"s_hVV"," ...",[73,201,149],{"class":105},[73,203,152],{"class":87},[73,205,206],{"class":91},"lower",[73,208,141],{"class":87},[73,210,149],{"class":105},[73,212,152],{"class":87},[73,214,215],{"class":91},"split",[73,217,141],{"class":87},[73,219,149],{"class":105},[73,221,152],{"class":87},[73,223,224],{"class":91},"upper",[73,226,141],{"class":87},[73,228,229],{"class":105},"]\n",[20,231,232],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[59,234,236,237,239],{"id":235},"what-dir-does","What ",[15,238,17],{}," does",[20,241,242,244],{},[15,243,17],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,246,247],{},"It usually includes:",[30,249,250,253,256],{},[33,251,252],{},"attributes",[33,254,255],{},"methods",[33,257,258],{},"special Python names",[20,260,261],{},"Important points:",[30,263,264,270,273],{},[33,265,266,267],{},"The result is a ",[55,268,269],{},"list of strings",[33,271,272],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,274,275],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,277,278,279,281],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,280,17],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[59,283,285],{"id":284},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,287,288,290],{},[15,289,17],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[292,293,295,297],"h3",{"id":294},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,296,17],{}," with no argument",[20,299,300],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[64,302,304],{"className":66,"code":303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,305,306,317,330,337],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,307,308,311,313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,309,310],{"class":79},"x ",[73,312,84],{"class":83},[73,314,316],{"class":315},"srdBf"," 10\n",[73,318,319,321,323,325,328],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,320,80],{"class":79},[73,322,84],{"class":83},[73,324,88],{"class":87},[73,326,327],{"class":91},"Sam",[73,329,95],{"class":87},[73,331,333],{"class":75,"line":332},3,[73,334,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},true,"\n",[73,338,340,342,344,346],{"class":75,"line":339},4,[73,341,102],{"class":101},[73,343,106],{"class":105},[73,345,109],{"class":101},[73,347,348],{"class":105},"())\n",[20,350,351,352,355,356,358],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,353,354],{},"x"," and ",[15,357,115],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[292,360,362],{"id":361},"dirobject",[15,363,124],{},[20,365,366],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[64,368,370],{"className":66,"code":369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,371,372,391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,373,374,376,378,380,382,385,387,389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,375,102],{"class":101},[73,377,106],{"class":105},[73,379,109],{"class":101},[73,381,106],{"class":105},[73,383,384],{"class":87},"\"",[73,386,92],{"class":91},[73,388,384],{"class":87},[73,390,118],{"class":105},[73,392,393,395,397,399,402,405,407,410,412,415],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,394,102],{"class":101},[73,396,106],{"class":105},[73,398,109],{"class":101},[73,400,401],{"class":105},"([",[73,403,404],{"class":315},"1",[73,406,149],{"class":105},[73,408,409],{"class":315}," 2",[73,411,149],{"class":105},[73,413,414],{"class":315}," 3",[73,416,417],{"class":105},"]))\n",[20,419,420],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,422,423,426,429,432],{},[33,424,425],{},"strings",[33,427,428],{},"lists",[33,430,431],{},"modules",[33,433,434],{},"custom objects",[59,436,438,439,441],{"id":437},"using-dir-with-a-value","Using ",[15,440,17],{}," with a value",[20,443,444,445,447],{},"A common use of ",[15,446,17],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[292,449,451],{"id":450},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[64,453,455],{"className":66,"code":454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,456,457,470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,458,459,462,464,466,468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,460,461],{"class":79},"text ",[73,463,84],{"class":83},[73,465,88],{"class":87},[73,467,92],{"class":91},[73,469,95],{"class":87},[73,471,472,474,476,478,480,483],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,473,102],{"class":101},[73,475,106],{"class":105},[73,477,109],{"class":101},[73,479,106],{"class":105},[73,481,482],{"class":114},"text",[73,484,118],{"class":105},[20,486,487],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,489,490,494,498,502],{},[33,491,492],{},[15,493,206],{},[33,495,496],{},[15,497,224],{},[33,499,500],{},[15,501,215],{},[33,503,504],{},[15,505,506],{},"strip",[20,508,509],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[292,511,513],{"id":512},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[64,515,517],{"className":66,"code":516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,518,519,541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,520,521,524,526,529,531,533,535,537,539],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,522,523],{"class":79},"numbers ",[73,525,84],{"class":83},[73,527,528],{"class":105}," [",[73,530,404],{"class":315},[73,532,149],{"class":105},[73,534,409],{"class":315},[73,536,149],{"class":105},[73,538,414],{"class":315},[73,540,229],{"class":105},[73,542,543,545,547,549,551,554],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,544,102],{"class":101},[73,546,106],{"class":105},[73,548,109],{"class":101},[73,550,106],{"class":105},[73,552,553],{"class":114},"numbers",[73,555,118],{"class":105},[20,557,487],{},[30,559,560,565,570,575],{},[33,561,562],{},[15,563,564],{},"append",[33,566,567],{},[15,568,569],{},"pop",[33,571,572],{},[15,573,574],{},"remove",[33,576,577],{},[15,578,579],{},"sort",[20,581,582],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,584,585,586,593,594,596],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[587,588,590],"a",{"href":589},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,591,592],{},"type()"," can help first. Then ",[15,595,17],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[59,598,438,600,297],{"id":599},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,601,17],{},[20,603,604,605,607],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,606,17],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,609,610],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[64,612,614],{"className":66,"code":613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,615,616,625,629,642,655,660],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,617,618,620,622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,619,310],{"class":79},[73,621,84],{"class":83},[73,623,624],{"class":315}," 5\n",[73,626,627],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,628,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,630,631,635,639],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,632,634],{"class":633},"sbsja","def",[73,636,638],{"class":637},"sGLFI"," greet",[73,640,641],{"class":105},"():\n",[73,643,644,648,650,653],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,645,647],{"class":646},"sVHd0","    return",[73,649,88],{"class":87},[73,651,652],{"class":91},"Hello",[73,654,95],{"class":87},[73,656,658],{"class":75,"line":657},5,[73,659,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,661,663,665,667,669],{"class":75,"line":662},6,[73,664,102],{"class":101},[73,666,106],{"class":105},[73,668,109],{"class":101},[73,670,348],{"class":105},[20,672,673],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,675,676,680],{},[33,677,678],{},[15,679,354],{},[33,681,682],{},[15,683,684],{},"greet",[20,686,687],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,689,690,693,696],{},[33,691,692],{},"what variables exist",[33,694,695],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,697,698],{},"what names are currently available",[20,700,701],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[59,703,705],{"id":704},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,707,708,709,711],{},"When you first use ",[15,710,17],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,713,714],{},"Example:",[64,716,717],{"className":66,"code":454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,718,719,731],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,720,721,723,725,727,729],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,722,461],{"class":79},[73,724,84],{"class":83},[73,726,88],{"class":87},[73,728,92],{"class":91},[73,730,95],{"class":87},[73,732,733,735,737,739,741,743],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,734,102],{"class":101},[73,736,106],{"class":105},[73,738,109],{"class":101},[73,740,106],{"class":105},[73,742,482],{"class":114},[73,744,118],{"class":105},[20,746,747],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,749,750,754,758],{},[33,751,752],{},[15,753,155],{},[33,755,756],{},[15,757,191],{},[33,759,760],{},[15,761,762],{},"__len__",[20,764,765],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,767,768],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,770,771,775,779,783],{},[33,772,773],{},[15,774,224],{},[33,776,777],{},[15,778,206],{},[33,780,781],{},[15,782,215],{},[33,784,785],{},[15,786,787],{},"replace",[20,789,790],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,792,793,801],{},[33,794,795,797,798],{},[15,796,17],{}," lists ",[55,799,800],{},"names only",[33,802,803,804,807],{},"it does ",[55,805,806],{},"not"," explain what each name does",[20,809,810,811,817],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[587,812,814],{"href":813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,815,816],{},"help()",".",[20,819,820],{},"For example:",[64,822,824],{"className":66,"code":823,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,825,826,838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,827,828,830,832,834,836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,829,80],{"class":79},[73,831,84],{"class":83},[73,833,88],{"class":87},[73,835,92],{"class":91},[73,837,95],{"class":87},[73,839,840,843,845,847,849,852],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,841,842],{"class":101},"help",[73,844,106],{"class":105},[73,846,115],{"class":114},[73,848,817],{"class":105},[73,850,224],{"class":851},"skxfh",[73,853,854],{"class":105},")\n",[59,856,858,860],{"id":857},"dir-on-modules",[15,859,17],{}," on modules",[20,862,863,864,866],{},"You can also use ",[15,865,17],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,868,869],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[292,871,873,874,877],{"id":872},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,875,876],{},"math"," module",[64,879,881],{"className":66,"code":880,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,882,883,891,895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,884,885,888],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,886,887],{"class":646},"import",[73,889,890],{"class":79}," math\n",[73,892,893],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,894,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,896,897,899,901,903,905,907],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,898,102],{"class":101},[73,900,106],{"class":105},[73,902,109],{"class":101},[73,904,106],{"class":105},[73,906,876],{"class":114},[73,908,118],{"class":105},[20,910,911],{},"You may see names like:",[30,913,914,919,924,929],{},[33,915,916],{},[15,917,918],{},"sqrt",[33,920,921],{},[15,922,923],{},"ceil",[33,925,926],{},[15,927,928],{},"floor",[33,930,931],{},[15,932,933],{},"pi",[20,935,936],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,938,939],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,941,942,948],{},[33,943,944],{},[587,945,947],{"href":946},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,949,950],{},[587,951,953],{"href":952},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[292,955,957],{"id":956},"another-example","Another example",[64,959,961],{"className":66,"code":960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,962,963,970,974],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,964,965,967],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,966,887],{"class":646},[73,968,969],{"class":79}," json\n",[73,971,972],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,973,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,975,976,978,980,982,984,987],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,977,102],{"class":101},[73,979,106],{"class":105},[73,981,109],{"class":101},[73,983,106],{"class":105},[73,985,986],{"class":114},"json",[73,988,118],{"class":105},[20,990,991,992,995,996,995,999,1002,1003,817],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,993,994],{},"dump",", ",[15,997,998],{},"dumps",[15,1000,1001],{},"load",", and ",[15,1004,1005],{},"loads",[59,1007,1009,1011,1012],{"id":1008},"dir-vs-help",[15,1010,17],{}," vs ",[15,1013,816],{},[20,1015,1016,355,1018,1020],{},[15,1017,17],{},[15,1019,816],{}," are often used together.",[292,1022,1023],{"id":109},[15,1024,17],{},[30,1026,1027,1030],{},[33,1028,1029],{},"shows available names",[33,1031,1032],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[292,1034,1035],{"id":842},[15,1036,816],{},[30,1038,1039,1042],{},[33,1040,1041],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,1043,1044],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,1046,1047],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[64,1049,1051],{"className":66,"code":1050,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,1052,1053,1065,1069,1083],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1054,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1056,80],{"class":79},[73,1058,84],{"class":83},[73,1060,88],{"class":87},[73,1062,92],{"class":91},[73,1064,95],{"class":87},[73,1066,1067],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1068,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,1070,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1072,102],{"class":101},[73,1074,106],{"class":105},[73,1076,109],{"class":101},[73,1078,106],{"class":105},[73,1080,115],{"class":114},[73,1082,118],{"class":105},[73,1084,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,1086,842],{"class":101},[73,1088,106],{"class":105},[73,1090,115],{"class":114},[73,1092,817],{"class":105},[73,1094,224],{"class":851},[73,1096,854],{"class":105},[20,1098,121,1099,1101,1102,1105,1106,1108],{},[15,1100,17],{}," first to find a method name.",[1103,1104],"br",{},"\nThen use ",[15,1107,816],{}," to understand how to use it.",[59,1110,1112],{"id":1111},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,1114,1115],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[292,1117,1119,1121],{"id":1118},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,1120,17],{}," returns names, not values",[20,1123,1124,1126],{},[15,1125,17],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,1128,1129,1130,1132,1133,1136],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,1131,224],{}," in ",[15,1134,1135],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[292,1138,1140],{"id":1139},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,1142,1143],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,1145,1146],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[292,1148,1150],{"id":1149},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,1152,1153],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,1155,820],{},[30,1157,1158,1163,1169],{},[33,1159,1160,1162],{},[15,1161,1135],{}," shows string-related names",[33,1164,1165,1168],{},[15,1166,1167],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,1170,1171,1174,1175,877],{},[15,1172,1173],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,1176,876],{},[292,1178,1180],{"id":1179},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,1182,1183,1184,1186],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,1185,17],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,1188,1189,1192,1195],{},[33,1190,1191],{},"what it does",[33,1193,1194],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,1196,1197],{},"what it returns",[20,1199,1200,1201,1203],{},"That is why ",[15,1202,816],{}," is the natural next step.",[59,1205,1207],{"id":1206},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1209,1210,1211,1213],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,1212,17],{}," in these situations:",[30,1215,1216,1219,1228,1231],{},[33,1217,1218],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,1220,1221,1222,1227],{},"Seeing an ",[587,1223,1225],{"href":1224},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,1226,44],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,1229,1230],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,1232,438,1233,1235,1236],{},[15,1234,17],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,1237,816],{},[20,1239,1240],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[64,1242,1244],{"className":66,"code":1243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,1245,1246,1258,1262,1278,1292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1247,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1249,80],{"class":79},[73,1251,84],{"class":83},[73,1253,88],{"class":87},[73,1255,92],{"class":91},[73,1257,95],{"class":87},[73,1259,1260],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1261,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,1263,1264,1266,1268,1272,1274,1276],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1265,102],{"class":101},[73,1267,106],{"class":105},[73,1269,1271],{"class":1270},"sZMiF","type",[73,1273,106],{"class":105},[73,1275,115],{"class":114},[73,1277,118],{"class":105},[73,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,1281,102],{"class":101},[73,1283,106],{"class":105},[73,1285,109],{"class":101},[73,1287,106],{"class":105},[73,1289,115],{"class":114},[73,1291,118],{"class":105},[73,1293,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,1295,842],{"class":101},[73,1297,106],{"class":105},[73,1299,115],{"class":114},[73,1301,817],{"class":105},[73,1303,224],{"class":851},[73,1305,854],{"class":105},[20,1307,1308],{},"And for modules:",[64,1310,1311],{"className":66,"code":880,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1312,1313,1319,1323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1314,1315,1317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1316,887],{"class":646},[73,1318,890],{"class":79},[73,1320,1321],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1322,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,1324,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1326,102],{"class":101},[73,1328,106],{"class":105},[73,1330,109],{"class":101},[73,1332,106],{"class":105},[73,1334,876],{"class":114},[73,1336,118],{"class":105},[20,1338,1339],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[64,1341,1343],{"className":66,"code":1342,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,1344,1345,1350,1362,1372,1386,1392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1346,1347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1348,1349],{"class":79},"python\n",[73,1351,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1353,80],{"class":79},[73,1355,84],{"class":83},[73,1357,88],{"class":87},[73,1359,92],{"class":91},[73,1361,95],{"class":87},[73,1363,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1365,109],{"class":101},[73,1367,106],{"class":105},[73,1369,115],{"class":114},[73,1371,854],{"class":105},[73,1373,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,1375,842],{"class":101},[73,1377,106],{"class":105},[73,1379,115],{"class":114},[73,1381,817],{"class":105},[73,1383,224],{"class":851},[73,1385,854],{"class":105},[73,1387,1388,1390],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,1389,887],{"class":646},[73,1391,890],{"class":79},[73,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,1395,109],{"class":101},[73,1397,106],{"class":105},[73,1399,876],{"class":114},[73,1401,854],{"class":105},[59,1403,1405],{"id":1404},"faq","FAQ",[292,1407,1409,1410,1412],{"id":1408},"what-does-dir-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1411,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1414,1415],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[292,1417,1419,1420,355,1422,1424],{"id":1418},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help","What is the difference between ",[15,1421,17],{},[15,1423,816],{},"?",[20,1426,1427,1429,1430,1432],{},[15,1428,17],{}," lists available names. ",[15,1431,816],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[292,1434,1436,1437,1439],{"id":1435},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,1438,17],{}," output?",[20,1441,1442],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[292,1444,1446,1447,1449,1450,1424],{"id":1445},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror","Can ",[15,1448,17],{}," help fix ",[15,1451,44],{},[20,1453,1454,1455,817],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[587,1456,1457],{"href":1224},"object has no attribute",[59,1459,1461],{"id":1460},"see-also","See also",[30,1463,1464,1471,1476,1480,1484],{},[33,1465,1466],{},[587,1467,13,1468,1470],{"href":813},[15,1469,816],{}," function explained",[33,1472,1473],{},[587,1474,1475],{"href":1224},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,1477,1478],{},[587,1479,947],{"href":946},[33,1481,1482],{},[587,1483,953],{"href":952},[33,1485,1486],{},[587,1487,13,1488,1470],{"href":589},[15,1489,592],{},[20,1491,1492,1493,1495,1496,1498],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,1494,17],{}," together with ",[15,1497,816],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1500,1501,1502],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":1504},[1505,1506,1508,1513,1518,1520,1521,1527,1532,1539,1540,1550],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":235,"depth":98,"text":1507},"What dir() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":1509},[1510,1512],{"id":294,"depth":332,"text":1511},"dir() with no argument",{"id":361,"depth":332,"text":124},{"id":437,"depth":98,"text":1514,"children":1515},"Using dir() with a value",[1516,1517],{"id":450,"depth":332,"text":451},{"id":512,"depth":332,"text":513},{"id":599,"depth":98,"text":1519},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":704,"depth":98,"text":705},{"id":857,"depth":98,"text":1522,"children":1523},"dir() on modules",[1524,1526],{"id":872,"depth":332,"text":1525},"Example: math module",{"id":956,"depth":332,"text":957},{"id":1008,"depth":98,"text":1528,"children":1529},"dir() vs help()",[1530,1531],{"id":109,"depth":332,"text":17},{"id":842,"depth":332,"text":816},{"id":1111,"depth":98,"text":1112,"children":1533},[1534,1536,1537,1538],{"id":1118,"depth":332,"text":1535},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":1139,"depth":332,"text":1140},{"id":1149,"depth":332,"text":1150},{"id":1179,"depth":332,"text":1180},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":1541},[1542,1544,1546,1548],{"id":1408,"depth":332,"text":1543},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":1418,"depth":332,"text":1545},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":1435,"depth":332,"text":1547},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":1445,"depth":332,"text":1549},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1551},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",[1559,3155,4865,6563,8701,10904,12424,14601,16806,19265,21104,23669,25764,28045,29993,31903,33899,35108,36937,39462,41624,42853,44224,45872,48193,50037,52019,53713,54966,56660,58411,60383,62133,64233,65593,67544,69107,71098,72893,74793,77235,79313,81953,83982,85945,88133,90137,92450,94132,95577,96771,97949,99789,102229,103933,105948,107472,108717,109880,111262,113333,115230,117004,118870,120989,122729,124191,125785,127708,129385,131320,132809,135593,137170,138729,140757,142709,144172,145361,147247,148658,150354,151908,153330,154733,156631,159025,160856],{"id":1560,"title":1561,"body":1562,"description":3149,"extension":1552,"meta":3150,"navigation":335,"path":3151,"seo":3152,"stem":3153,"__hash__":3154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1563,"toc":3121},[1564,1567,1574,1577,1588,1591,1593,1658,1661,1681,1686,1690,1695,1698,1714,1717,1743,1746,1748,1751,1766,1769,1795,1797,1857,1859,1874,1884,1894,1898,1901,1955,1957,1977,1980,2004,2011,2015,2020,2026,2028,2066,2068,2077,2083,2101,2104,2116,2120,2125,2129,2132,2153,2155,2212,2214,2222,2225,2229,2261,2263,2271,2274,2278,2283,2331,2333,2341,2345,2405,2407,2415,2418,2420,2424,2427,2450,2459,2476,2527,2529,2544,2555,2559,2562,2589,2596,2600,2605,2645,2647,2658,2661,2704,2706,2714,2718,2723,2745,2747,2756,2765,2769,2774,2796,2798,2868,2870,2920,2923,2926,2929,3008,3010,3041,3043,3047,3050,3054,3057,3061,3064,3068,3080,3084,3087,3089,3118],[10,1565,1561],{"id":1566},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1568,1569,1570,1573],{},"The ",[15,1571,1572],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1575,1576],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1578,1579,1582,1585],{},[33,1580,1581],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1583,1584],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1586,1587],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1589,1590],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[59,1592,62],{"id":61},[64,1594,1596],{"className":66,"code":1595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1597,1598,1617,1632],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1599,1600,1602,1604,1607,1609,1612,1615],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1601,102],{"class":101},[73,1603,106],{"class":105},[73,1605,1606],{"class":101},"abs",[73,1608,106],{"class":105},[73,1610,1611],{"class":83},"-",[73,1613,1614],{"class":315},"7",[73,1616,118],{"class":105},[73,1618,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1630],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1620,102],{"class":101},[73,1622,106],{"class":105},[73,1624,1606],{"class":101},[73,1626,106],{"class":105},[73,1628,1629],{"class":315},"3.5",[73,1631,118],{"class":105},[73,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1647,1650,1653,1656],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1635,102],{"class":101},[73,1637,106],{"class":105},[73,1639,1606],{"class":101},[73,1641,106],{"class":105},[73,1643,1611],{"class":83},[73,1645,1646],{"class":315},"2",[73,1648,1649],{"class":83},"+",[73,1651,1652],{"class":315},"3",[73,1654,1655],{"class":633},"j",[73,1657,118],{"class":105},[20,1659,1660],{},"Output:",[64,1662,1664],{"className":66,"code":1663,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1665,1666,1671,1676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1667,1668],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1669,1670],{"class":315},"7\n",[73,1672,1673],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1674,1675],{"class":315},"3.5\n",[73,1677,1678],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1679,1680],{"class":315},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1682,121,1683,1685],{},[15,1684,1572],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[59,1687,1689],{"id":1688},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1691,1692,1694],{},[15,1693,1572],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1696,1697],{},"That means:",[30,1699,1700,1703,1706],{},[33,1701,1702],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1704,1705],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1707,1708,1711,1712],{},[15,1709,1710],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1713,1710],{},[20,1715,1716],{},"Examples:",[30,1718,1719,1728,1736],{},[33,1720,1721,1724,1725],{},[15,1722,1723],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1726,1727],{},"5",[33,1729,1730,1724,1733],{},[15,1731,1732],{},"abs(9)",[15,1734,1735],{},"9",[33,1737,1738,1724,1741],{},[15,1739,1740],{},"abs(0)",[15,1742,1710],{},[20,1744,1745],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[59,1747,285],{"id":284},[20,1749,1750],{},"The syntax is:",[64,1752,1754],{"className":66,"code":1753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abs(x)\n",[15,1755,1756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1757,1758,1760,1762,1764],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1759,1606],{"class":101},[73,1761,106],{"class":105},[73,1763,354],{"class":114},[73,1765,854],{"class":105},[20,1767,1768],{},"Here:",[30,1770,1771,1787,1792],{},[33,1772,1773,1775,1776,995,1779,1782,1783,1786],{},[15,1774,354],{}," is usually an ",[15,1777,1778],{},"int",[15,1780,1781],{},"float",", or ",[15,1784,1785],{},"complex"," number",[33,1788,1789,1791],{},[15,1790,1572],{}," returns a new value",[33,1793,1794],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1796,714],{},[64,1798,1800],{"className":66,"code":1799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1801,1802,1815,1832,1836,1846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1803,1804,1807,1809,1812],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1805,1806],{"class":79},"number ",[73,1808,84],{"class":83},[73,1810,1811],{"class":83}," -",[73,1813,1814],{"class":315},"12\n",[73,1816,1817,1820,1822,1825,1827,1830],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1818,1819],{"class":79},"result ",[73,1821,84],{"class":83},[73,1823,1824],{"class":101}," abs",[73,1826,106],{"class":105},[73,1828,1829],{"class":114},"number",[73,1831,854],{"class":105},[73,1833,1834],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1835,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,1837,1838,1840,1842,1844],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,1839,102],{"class":101},[73,1841,106],{"class":105},[73,1843,1829],{"class":114},[73,1845,854],{"class":105},[73,1847,1848,1850,1852,1855],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,1849,102],{"class":101},[73,1851,106],{"class":105},[73,1853,1854],{"class":114},"result",[73,1856,854],{"class":105},[20,1858,1660],{},[64,1860,1862],{"className":66,"code":1861,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-12\n12\n",[15,1863,1864,1870],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1865,1866,1868],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1867,1611],{"class":83},[73,1869,1814],{"class":315},[73,1871,1872],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1873,1814],{"class":315},[20,1875,1876,1877,1879,1880,1883],{},"Notice that ",[15,1878,1829],{}," is still ",[15,1881,1882],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1885,1886,1887,1893],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[587,1888,1890,1892],{"href":1889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1891,592],{}," function"," can help.",[59,1895,1897],{"id":1896},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1899,1900],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[64,1902,1904],{"className":66,"code":1903,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1905,1906,1923,1938],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1907,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1909,102],{"class":101},[73,1911,106],{"class":105},[73,1913,1606],{"class":101},[73,1915,106],{"class":105},[73,1917,1611],{"class":83},[73,1919,1920],{"class":315},"10",[73,1922,118],{"class":105},[73,1924,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1936],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1926,102],{"class":101},[73,1928,106],{"class":105},[73,1930,1606],{"class":101},[73,1932,106],{"class":105},[73,1934,1935],{"class":315},"8",[73,1937,118],{"class":105},[73,1939,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950,1953],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1941,102],{"class":101},[73,1943,106],{"class":105},[73,1945,1606],{"class":101},[73,1947,106],{"class":105},[73,1949,1611],{"class":83},[73,1951,1952],{"class":315},"4.2",[73,1954,118],{"class":105},[20,1956,1660],{},[64,1958,1960],{"className":66,"code":1959,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1961,1962,1967,1972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1963,1964],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1965,1966],{"class":315},"10\n",[73,1968,1969],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,1970,1971],{"class":315},"8\n",[73,1973,1974],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,1975,1976],{"class":315},"4.2\n",[20,1978,1979],{},"What each line does:",[30,1981,1982,1990,1997],{},[33,1983,1984,1987,1988],{},[15,1985,1986],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1989,1920],{},[33,1991,1992,1987,1995],{},[15,1993,1994],{},"abs(8)",[15,1996,1935],{},[33,1998,1999,1987,2002],{},[15,2000,2001],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2003,1952],{},[20,2005,2006,2007,817],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[587,2008,2010],{"href":2009},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[59,2012,2014],{"id":2013},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2016,2017,2019],{},[15,2018,1572],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2021,2022,2023,2025],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2024,1710],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2027,714],{},[64,2029,2031],{"className":66,"code":2030,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2032,2033,2051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2034,2035,2038,2040,2042,2045,2048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2036,2037],{"class":79},"value ",[73,2039,84],{"class":83},[73,2041,414],{"class":315},[73,2043,2044],{"class":83}," +",[73,2046,2047],{"class":315}," 4",[73,2049,2050],{"class":633},"j\n",[73,2052,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2064],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2054,102],{"class":101},[73,2056,106],{"class":105},[73,2058,1606],{"class":101},[73,2060,106],{"class":105},[73,2062,2063],{"class":114},"value",[73,2065,118],{"class":105},[20,2067,1660],{},[64,2069,2071],{"className":66,"code":2070,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n",[15,2072,2073],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2074,2075],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2076,2070],{"class":315},[20,2078,2079,2080,1424],{},"Why ",[15,2081,2082],{},"5.0",[30,2084,2085,2090,2096],{},[33,2086,2087,2088],{},"the real part is ",[15,2089,1652],{},[33,2091,2092,2093],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2094,2095],{},"4",[33,2097,2098,2099],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2100,2082],{},[20,2102,2103],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2105,2106,2113],{},[33,2107,2108,2110,2111],{},[15,2109,1572],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2112,1781],{},[33,2114,2115],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[59,2117,2119],{"id":2118},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2121,2122,2123,817],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2124,1572],{},[292,2126,2128],{"id":2127},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2130,2131],{},"A very common pattern is:",[64,2133,2135],{"className":66,"code":2134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2136,2137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2138,2139,2141,2143,2146,2148,2151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2140,1606],{"class":101},[73,2142,106],{"class":105},[73,2144,2145],{"class":114},"a ",[73,2147,1611],{"class":83},[73,2149,2150],{"class":114}," b",[73,2152,854],{"class":105},[20,2154,714],{},[64,2156,2158],{"className":66,"code":2157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2159,2160,2169,2178,2182,2201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2161,2162,2164,2166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2163,2145],{"class":79},[73,2165,84],{"class":83},[73,2167,2168],{"class":315}," 3\n",[73,2170,2171,2174,2176],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2172,2173],{"class":79},"b ",[73,2175,84],{"class":83},[73,2177,316],{"class":315},[73,2179,2180],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2181,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2183,2184,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2185,2186],{"class":79},"distance ",[73,2188,84],{"class":83},[73,2190,1824],{"class":101},[73,2192,106],{"class":105},[73,2194,2145],{"class":114},[73,2196,1611],{"class":83},[73,2198,2150],{"class":114},[73,2200,854],{"class":105},[73,2202,2203,2205,2207,2210],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,2204,102],{"class":101},[73,2206,106],{"class":105},[73,2208,2209],{"class":114},"distance",[73,2211,854],{"class":105},[20,2213,1660],{},[64,2215,2216],{"className":66,"code":1670,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2217,2218],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2219,2220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2221,1670],{"class":315},[20,2223,2224],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[292,2226,2228],{"id":2227},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[64,2230,2232],{"className":66,"code":2231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2233,2234,2246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2235,2236,2239,2241,2243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2237,2238],{"class":79},"temperature_change ",[73,2240,84],{"class":83},[73,2242,1811],{"class":83},[73,2244,2245],{"class":315},"6\n",[73,2247,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2259],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2249,102],{"class":101},[73,2251,106],{"class":105},[73,2253,1606],{"class":101},[73,2255,106],{"class":105},[73,2257,2258],{"class":114},"temperature_change",[73,2260,118],{"class":105},[20,2262,1660],{},[64,2264,2265],{"className":66,"code":2245,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2266,2267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2268,2269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2270,2245],{"class":315},[20,2272,2273],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[292,2275,2277],{"id":2276},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2279,2280,2281,1893],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2282,1572],{},[64,2284,2286],{"className":66,"code":2285,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2287,2288,2300,2316,2320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2289,2290,2293,2295,2297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2291,2292],{"class":79},"balance_change ",[73,2294,84],{"class":83},[73,2296,1811],{"class":83},[73,2298,2299],{"class":315},"25\n",[73,2301,2302,2305,2307,2309,2311,2314],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2303,2304],{"class":79},"safe_value ",[73,2306,84],{"class":83},[73,2308,1824],{"class":101},[73,2310,106],{"class":105},[73,2312,2313],{"class":114},"balance_change",[73,2315,854],{"class":105},[73,2317,2318],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2319,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2321,2322,2324,2326,2329],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2323,102],{"class":101},[73,2325,106],{"class":105},[73,2327,2328],{"class":114},"safe_value",[73,2330,854],{"class":105},[20,2332,1660],{},[64,2334,2335],{"className":66,"code":2299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2336,2337],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2338,2339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2340,2299],{"class":315},[292,2342,2344],{"id":2343},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[64,2346,2348],{"className":66,"code":2347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2349,2350,2360,2370,2374,2394],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2351,2352,2355,2357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2353,2354],{"class":79},"guess ",[73,2356,84],{"class":83},[73,2358,2359],{"class":315}," 42\n",[73,2361,2362,2365,2367],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2363,2364],{"class":79},"target ",[73,2366,84],{"class":83},[73,2368,2369],{"class":315}," 50\n",[73,2371,2372],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2373,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2375,2376,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2392],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2377,2378],{"class":79},"difference ",[73,2380,84],{"class":83},[73,2382,1824],{"class":101},[73,2384,106],{"class":105},[73,2386,2354],{"class":114},[73,2388,1611],{"class":83},[73,2390,2391],{"class":114}," target",[73,2393,854],{"class":105},[73,2395,2396,2398,2400,2403],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,2397,102],{"class":101},[73,2399,106],{"class":105},[73,2401,2402],{"class":114},"difference",[73,2404,854],{"class":105},[20,2406,1660],{},[64,2408,2409],{"className":66,"code":1971,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2410,2411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2412,2413],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2414,1971],{"class":315},[20,2416,2417],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[59,2419,1207],{"id":1206},[292,2421,2423],{"id":2422},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2425,2426],{},"This causes an error:",[64,2428,2430],{"className":66,"code":2429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2431,2432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2433,2434,2436,2438,2440,2442,2444,2446,2448],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2435,102],{"class":101},[73,2437,106],{"class":105},[73,2439,1606],{"class":101},[73,2441,106],{"class":105},[73,2443,384],{"class":87},[73,2445,1727],{"class":91},[73,2447,384],{"class":87},[73,2449,118],{"class":105},[20,2451,2452,2455,2456,2458],{},[15,2453,2454],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2457,1572],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2460,2461,2462,2468,2469,2475],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[587,2463,2465],{"href":2464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2466,2467],{},"int()"," or ",[587,2470,2472],{"href":2471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2473,2474],{},"float()",":",[64,2477,2479],{"className":66,"code":2478,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2480,2481,2504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2482,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497,2499,2501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2484,102],{"class":101},[73,2486,106],{"class":105},[73,2488,1606],{"class":101},[73,2490,106],{"class":105},[73,2492,1778],{"class":1270},[73,2494,106],{"class":105},[73,2496,384],{"class":87},[73,2498,1727],{"class":91},[73,2500,384],{"class":87},[73,2502,2503],{"class":105},")))\n",[73,2505,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2523,2525],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2507,102],{"class":101},[73,2509,106],{"class":105},[73,2511,1606],{"class":101},[73,2513,106],{"class":105},[73,2515,1781],{"class":1270},[73,2517,106],{"class":105},[73,2519,384],{"class":87},[73,2521,2522],{"class":91},"-3.2",[73,2524,384],{"class":87},[73,2526,2503],{"class":105},[20,2528,1660],{},[64,2530,2532],{"className":66,"code":2531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2533,2534,2539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2535,2536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2537,2538],{"class":315},"5\n",[73,2540,2541],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2542,2543],{"class":315},"3.2\n",[20,2545,2546,2547,2550,2551,817],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2548,2549],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[587,2552,2554],{"href":2553},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[292,2556,2558],{"id":2557},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2560,2561],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[64,2563,2565],{"className":66,"code":2564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2566,2567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2568,2569,2571,2573,2575,2577,2579,2581,2583,2585,2587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2570,102],{"class":101},[73,2572,106],{"class":105},[73,2574,1606],{"class":101},[73,2576,401],{"class":105},[73,2578,404],{"class":315},[73,2580,149],{"class":105},[73,2582,409],{"class":315},[73,2584,149],{"class":105},[73,2586,414],{"class":315},[73,2588,417],{"class":105},[20,2590,2591,2592,2595],{},"This raises a ",[15,2593,2594],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[292,2597,2599],{"id":2598},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2601,2602,2604],{},[15,2603,1572],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[64,2606,2608],{"className":66,"code":2607,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2609,2610,2621,2631,2635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2611,2612,2614,2616,2618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2613,310],{"class":79},[73,2615,84],{"class":83},[73,2617,1811],{"class":83},[73,2619,2620],{"class":315},"9\n",[73,2622,2623,2625,2627,2629],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2624,1606],{"class":101},[73,2626,106],{"class":105},[73,2628,354],{"class":114},[73,2630,854],{"class":105},[73,2632,2633],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2634,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2636,2637,2639,2641,2643],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2638,102],{"class":101},[73,2640,106],{"class":105},[73,2642,354],{"class":114},[73,2644,854],{"class":105},[20,2646,1660],{},[64,2648,2650],{"className":66,"code":2649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-9\n",[15,2651,2652],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2653,2654,2656],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2655,1611],{"class":83},[73,2657,2620],{"class":315},[20,2659,2660],{},"If you want to store the result:",[64,2662,2664],{"className":66,"code":2663,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2665,2666,2676,2690,2694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2667,2668,2670,2672,2674],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2669,310],{"class":79},[73,2671,84],{"class":83},[73,2673,1811],{"class":83},[73,2675,2620],{"class":315},[73,2677,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2679,310],{"class":79},[73,2681,84],{"class":83},[73,2683,1824],{"class":101},[73,2685,106],{"class":105},[73,2687,354],{"class":114},[73,2689,854],{"class":105},[73,2691,2692],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2693,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2695,2696,2698,2700,2702],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2697,102],{"class":101},[73,2699,106],{"class":105},[73,2701,354],{"class":114},[73,2703,854],{"class":105},[20,2705,1660],{},[64,2707,2708],{"className":66,"code":2620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2709,2710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2711,2712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2713,2620],{"class":315},[292,2715,2717],{"id":2716},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2719,2720,2722],{},[15,2721,1572],{}," does not round numbers.",[64,2724,2726],{"className":66,"code":2725,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2727,2728],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2729,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738,2740,2743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2731,102],{"class":101},[73,2733,106],{"class":105},[73,2735,1606],{"class":101},[73,2737,106],{"class":105},[73,2739,1611],{"class":83},[73,2741,2742],{"class":315},"4.7",[73,2744,118],{"class":105},[20,2746,1660],{},[64,2748,2750],{"className":66,"code":2749,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4.7\n",[15,2751,2752],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2753,2754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2755,2749],{"class":315},[20,2757,2758,2759,2761,2762,2764],{},"If you expected ",[15,2760,1727],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2763,1572],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[59,2766,2768],{"id":2767},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2770,2771,2773],{},[15,2772,1572],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,2775,2776,2783,2790],{},[33,2777,2778,2780,2781],{},[15,2779,1778],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2782,1778],{},[33,2784,2785,2787,2788],{},[15,2786,1781],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2789,1781],{},[33,2791,2792,2787,2794],{},[15,2793,1785],{},[15,2795,1781],{},[20,2797,714],{},[64,2799,2801],{"className":66,"code":2800,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2802,2803,2823,2844],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2804,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2806,102],{"class":101},[73,2808,106],{"class":105},[73,2810,1271],{"class":1270},[73,2812,106],{"class":105},[73,2814,1606],{"class":101},[73,2816,106],{"class":105},[73,2818,1611],{"class":83},[73,2820,1727],{"class":315},[73,2822,2503],{"class":105},[73,2824,2825,2827,2829,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839,2842],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2826,102],{"class":101},[73,2828,106],{"class":105},[73,2830,1271],{"class":1270},[73,2832,106],{"class":105},[73,2834,1606],{"class":101},[73,2836,106],{"class":105},[73,2838,1611],{"class":83},[73,2840,2841],{"class":315},"3.2",[73,2843,2503],{"class":105},[73,2845,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2847,102],{"class":101},[73,2849,106],{"class":105},[73,2851,1271],{"class":1270},[73,2853,106],{"class":105},[73,2855,1606],{"class":101},[73,2857,106],{"class":105},[73,2859,1652],{"class":315},[73,2861,2044],{"class":83},[73,2863,2047],{"class":315},[73,2865,1655],{"class":633},[73,2867,2503],{"class":105},[20,2869,1660],{},[64,2871,2873],{"className":66,"code":2872,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2874,2875,2892,2906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2876,2877,2880,2883,2885,2887,2889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2878,2879],{"class":83},"\u003C",[73,2881,2882],{"class":633},"class",[73,2884,152],{"class":87},[73,2886,1778],{"class":91},[73,2888,141],{"class":87},[73,2890,2891],{"class":83},">\n",[73,2893,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2895,2879],{"class":83},[73,2897,2882],{"class":633},[73,2899,152],{"class":87},[73,2901,1781],{"class":91},[73,2903,141],{"class":87},[73,2905,2891],{"class":83},[73,2907,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2909,2879],{"class":83},[73,2911,2882],{"class":633},[73,2913,152],{"class":87},[73,2915,1781],{"class":91},[73,2917,141],{"class":87},[73,2919,2891],{"class":83},[20,2921,2922],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2924,2925],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2927,2928],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[64,2930,2932],{"className":66,"code":2931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2933,2934,2947,2957,2971,2975,2989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2935,2936,2938,2940,2942,2945],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2937,2037],{"class":79},[73,2939,84],{"class":83},[73,2941,88],{"class":87},[73,2943,2944],{"class":91},"-5",[73,2946,95],{"class":87},[73,2948,2949,2951,2953,2955],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,2950,102],{"class":101},[73,2952,106],{"class":105},[73,2954,2063],{"class":114},[73,2956,854],{"class":105},[73,2958,2959,2961,2963,2965,2967,2969],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,2960,102],{"class":101},[73,2962,106],{"class":105},[73,2964,1271],{"class":1270},[73,2966,106],{"class":105},[73,2968,2063],{"class":114},[73,2970,118],{"class":105},[73,2972,2973],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,2974,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,2976,2977,2980,2982,2984,2987],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,2978,2979],{"class":79},"user_input ",[73,2981,84],{"class":83},[73,2983,88],{"class":87},[73,2985,2986],{"class":91},"-3.7",[73,2988,95],{"class":87},[73,2990,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3006],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,2992,102],{"class":101},[73,2994,106],{"class":105},[73,2996,1606],{"class":101},[73,2998,106],{"class":105},[73,3000,1781],{"class":1270},[73,3002,106],{"class":105},[73,3004,3005],{"class":114},"user_input",[73,3007,2503],{"class":105},[20,3009,1660],{},[64,3011,3013],{"className":66,"code":3012,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3014,3015,3021,3036],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3016,3017,3019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3018,1611],{"class":83},[73,3020,2538],{"class":315},[73,3022,3023,3025,3027,3029,3032,3034],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3024,2879],{"class":83},[73,3026,2882],{"class":633},[73,3028,152],{"class":87},[73,3030,3031],{"class":91},"str",[73,3033,141],{"class":87},[73,3035,2891],{"class":83},[73,3037,3038],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,3039,3040],{"class":315},"3.7\n",[59,3042,1405],{"id":1404},[292,3044,3046],{"id":3045},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3048,3049],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[292,3051,3053],{"id":3052},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3055,3056],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[292,3058,3060],{"id":3059},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3062,3063],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[292,3065,3067],{"id":3066},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3069,3070,3072,3073,2468,3075,3077,3078,817],{},[15,3071,2549],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3074,2467],{},[15,3076,2474],{}," before using ",[15,3079,1572],{},[292,3081,3083],{"id":3082},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3085,3086],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[59,3088,1461],{"id":1460},[30,3090,3091,3097,3103,3109,3114],{},[33,3092,3093],{},[587,3094,3095,1470],{"href":2464},[15,3096,2467],{},[33,3098,3099],{},[587,3100,3101,1470],{"href":2471},[15,3102,2474],{},[33,3104,3105],{},[587,3106,3107,1470],{"href":1889},[15,3108,592],{},[33,3110,3111],{},[587,3112,3113],{"href":2553},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3115,3116],{},[587,3117,2010],{"href":2009},[1500,3119,3120],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":3122},[3123,3124,3125,3126,3127,3128,3134,3140,3141,3148],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":1688,"depth":98,"text":1689},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":1896,"depth":98,"text":1897},{"id":2013,"depth":98,"text":2014},{"id":2118,"depth":98,"text":2119,"children":3129},[3130,3131,3132,3133],{"id":2127,"depth":332,"text":2128},{"id":2227,"depth":332,"text":2228},{"id":2276,"depth":332,"text":2277},{"id":2343,"depth":332,"text":2344},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":3135},[3136,3137,3138,3139],{"id":2422,"depth":332,"text":2423},{"id":2557,"depth":332,"text":2558},{"id":2598,"depth":332,"text":2599},{"id":2716,"depth":332,"text":2717},{"id":2767,"depth":98,"text":2768},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":3142},[3143,3144,3145,3146,3147],{"id":3045,"depth":332,"text":3046},{"id":3052,"depth":332,"text":3053},{"id":3059,"depth":332,"text":3060},{"id":3066,"depth":332,"text":3067},{"id":3082,"depth":332,"text":3083},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1561,"description":3149},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3156,"title":3157,"body":3158,"description":4859,"extension":1552,"meta":4860,"navigation":335,"path":4861,"seo":4862,"stem":4863,"__hash__":4864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3159,"toc":4823},[3160,3166,3172,3175,3192,3196,3251,3261,3266,3270,3289,3292,3309,3312,3316,3324,3341,3344,3384,3387,3394,3400,3476,3478,3509,3515,3519,3523,3562,3564,3573,3580,3584,3623,3625,3634,3644,3648,3704,3706,3714,3717,3720,3767,3769,3777,3783,3790,3795,3798,3801,3868,3870,3878,3881,3948,3950,3958,3972,3975,3986,3990,3996,3999,4001,4017,4019,4027,4030,4033,4036,4053,4056,4059,4089,4091,4104,4108,4112,4115,4130,4135,4138,4165,4172,4175,4215,4221,4227,4235,4238,4290,4297,4362,4367,4376,4379,4397,4403,4406,4548,4554,4559,4562,4573,4576,4632,4634,4642,4645,4704,4706,4714,4717,4728,4730,4735,4744,4753,4756,4762,4765,4773,4786,4788,4820],[10,3161,13,3163,18],{"id":3162},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3164,3165],{},"all()",[20,3167,3168,3169,3171],{},"Python’s ",[15,3170,3165],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3173,3174],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3176,3177,3180,3183],{},[33,3178,3179],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3181,3182],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3184,3185,1987,3188,3191],{},[15,3186,3187],{},"all([])",[15,3189,3190],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[59,3193,3195],{"id":3194},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[64,3197,3199],{"className":66,"code":3198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3200,3201,3221,3236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3202,3203,3205,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217,3219],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3204,523],{"class":79},[73,3206,84],{"class":83},[73,3208,528],{"class":105},[73,3210,404],{"class":315},[73,3212,149],{"class":105},[73,3214,409],{"class":315},[73,3216,149],{"class":105},[73,3218,414],{"class":315},[73,3220,229],{"class":105},[73,3222,3223,3225,3227,3230,3232,3234],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3224,1819],{"class":79},[73,3226,84],{"class":83},[73,3228,3229],{"class":101}," all",[73,3231,106],{"class":105},[73,3233,553],{"class":114},[73,3235,854],{"class":105},[73,3237,3238,3240,3242,3244,3247],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,3239,102],{"class":101},[73,3241,106],{"class":105},[73,3243,1854],{"class":114},[73,3245,3246],{"class":105},")",[73,3248,3250],{"class":3249},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3252,3253,1987,3255,3257,3258,817],{},[15,3254,3165],{},[15,3256,3190],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3259,3260],{},"False",[59,3262,236,3264,239],{"id":3263},"what-all-does",[15,3265,3165],{},[20,3267,3268,2475],{},[15,3269,3165],{},[30,3271,3272,3275,3281,3286],{},[33,3273,3274],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3276,3277,3278,3280],{},"returns ",[15,3279,3190],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3282,3277,3283,3285],{},[15,3284,3260],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3287,3288],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3290,3291],{},"Basic syntax:",[64,3293,3295],{"className":66,"code":3294,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3296,3297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3298,3299,3302,3304,3307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3300,3301],{"class":101},"all",[73,3303,106],{"class":105},[73,3305,3306],{"class":114},"iterable",[73,3308,854],{"class":105},[20,3310,3311],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[59,3313,3315],{"id":3314},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3317,3318,3319,2468,3321,3323],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3320,3190],{},[15,3322,3260],{}," in conditions.",[30,3325,3326,3334],{},[33,3327,3328,3331,3332],{},[55,3329,3330],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3333,3190],{},[33,3335,3336,3331,3339],{},[55,3337,3338],{},"Falsy",[15,3340,3260],{},[20,3342,3343],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3345,3346,3350,3355,3360,3365,3369,3374,3379],{},[33,3347,3348],{},[15,3349,1710],{},[33,3351,3352],{},[15,3353,3354],{},"0.0",[33,3356,3357],{},[15,3358,3359],{},"''",[33,3361,3362],{},[15,3363,3364],{},"None",[33,3366,3367],{},[15,3368,3260],{},[33,3370,3371],{},[15,3372,3373],{},"[]",[33,3375,3376],{},[15,3377,3378],{},"{}",[33,3380,3381],{},[15,3382,3383],{},"set()",[20,3385,3386],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3388,3389,3390,817],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[587,3391,3393],{"href":3392},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3395,3396,3397,2475],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3398,3399],{},"bool()",[64,3401,3403],{"className":66,"code":3402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3404,3405,3442,3446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3406,3407,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3421,3423,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3408,3409],{"class":79},"values ",[73,3411,84],{"class":83},[73,3413,528],{"class":105},[73,3415,404],{"class":315},[73,3417,149],{"class":105},[73,3419,3420],{"class":315}," 0",[73,3422,149],{"class":105},[73,3424,3425],{"class":87}," ''",[73,3427,149],{"class":105},[73,3429,152],{"class":87},[73,3431,92],{"class":91},[73,3433,141],{"class":87},[73,3435,149],{"class":105},[73,3437,3439],{"class":3438},"s39Yj"," None",[73,3441,229],{"class":105},[73,3443,3444],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3445,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,3447,3448,3450,3452,3455,3457,3459,3461,3464,3467,3470,3473],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,3449,102],{"class":101},[73,3451,401],{"class":105},[73,3453,3454],{"class":1270},"bool",[73,3456,106],{"class":105},[73,3458,354],{"class":114},[73,3460,3246],{"class":105},[73,3462,3463],{"class":646}," for",[73,3465,3466],{"class":114}," x ",[73,3468,3469],{"class":646},"in",[73,3471,3472],{"class":114}," values",[73,3474,3475],{"class":105},"])\n",[20,3477,1660],{},[64,3479,3481],{"className":66,"code":3480,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3482,3483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3484,3485,3487,3489,3491,3494,3496,3498,3500,3503,3505,3507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3486,138],{"class":105},[73,3488,3190],{"class":3438},[73,3490,149],{"class":105},[73,3492,3493],{"class":3438}," False",[73,3495,149],{"class":105},[73,3497,3493],{"class":3438},[73,3499,149],{"class":105},[73,3501,3502],{"class":3438}," True",[73,3504,149],{"class":105},[73,3506,3493],{"class":3438},[73,3508,229],{"class":105},[20,3510,3511,3512,3514],{},"This matters because ",[15,3513,3165],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[59,3516,3518],{"id":3517},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[292,3520,3522],{"id":3521},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[64,3524,3526],{"className":66,"code":3525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3527,3528,3548],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3529,3530,3532,3534,3536,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3531,523],{"class":79},[73,3533,84],{"class":83},[73,3535,528],{"class":105},[73,3537,404],{"class":315},[73,3539,149],{"class":105},[73,3541,409],{"class":315},[73,3543,149],{"class":105},[73,3545,414],{"class":315},[73,3547,229],{"class":105},[73,3549,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3551,102],{"class":101},[73,3553,106],{"class":105},[73,3555,3301],{"class":101},[73,3557,106],{"class":105},[73,3559,553],{"class":114},[73,3561,118],{"class":105},[20,3563,1660],{},[64,3565,3567],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n",[15,3568,3569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3570,3571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3572,3566],{"class":3438},[20,3574,3575,3576,1987,3578,817],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3577,3165],{},[15,3579,3190],{},[292,3581,3583],{"id":3582},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[64,3585,3587],{"className":66,"code":3586,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3588,3589,3609],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3590,3591,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3592,523],{"class":79},[73,3594,84],{"class":83},[73,3596,528],{"class":105},[73,3598,404],{"class":315},[73,3600,149],{"class":105},[73,3602,3420],{"class":315},[73,3604,149],{"class":105},[73,3606,414],{"class":315},[73,3608,229],{"class":105},[73,3610,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3612,102],{"class":101},[73,3614,106],{"class":105},[73,3616,3301],{"class":101},[73,3618,106],{"class":105},[73,3620,553],{"class":114},[73,3622,118],{"class":105},[20,3624,1660],{},[64,3626,3628],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\n",[15,3629,3630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3631,3632],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3633,3627],{"class":3438},[20,3635,3636,3637,3639,3640,1987,3642,817],{},"The value ",[15,3638,1710],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3641,3165],{},[15,3643,3260],{},[292,3645,3647],{"id":3646},"example-strings","Example: strings",[64,3649,3651],{"className":66,"code":3650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3652,3653,3689],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3654,3655,3658,3660,3662,3664,3667,3669,3671,3673,3676,3678,3680,3682,3685,3687],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3656,3657],{"class":79},"words ",[73,3659,84],{"class":83},[73,3661,528],{"class":105},[73,3663,141],{"class":87},[73,3665,3666],{"class":91},"apple",[73,3668,141],{"class":87},[73,3670,149],{"class":105},[73,3672,152],{"class":87},[73,3674,3675],{"class":91},"banana",[73,3677,141],{"class":87},[73,3679,149],{"class":105},[73,3681,152],{"class":87},[73,3683,3684],{"class":91},"cherry",[73,3686,141],{"class":87},[73,3688,229],{"class":105},[73,3690,3691,3693,3695,3697,3699,3702],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3692,102],{"class":101},[73,3694,106],{"class":105},[73,3696,3301],{"class":101},[73,3698,106],{"class":105},[73,3700,3701],{"class":114},"words",[73,3703,118],{"class":105},[20,3705,1660],{},[64,3707,3708],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3709,3710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3711,3712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3713,3566],{"class":3438},[20,3715,3716],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3718,3719],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[64,3721,3723],{"className":66,"code":3722,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3724,3725,3753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3726,3727,3729,3731,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747,3749,3751],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3728,3657],{"class":79},[73,3730,84],{"class":83},[73,3732,528],{"class":105},[73,3734,141],{"class":87},[73,3736,3666],{"class":91},[73,3738,141],{"class":87},[73,3740,149],{"class":105},[73,3742,3425],{"class":87},[73,3744,149],{"class":105},[73,3746,152],{"class":87},[73,3748,3684],{"class":91},[73,3750,141],{"class":87},[73,3752,229],{"class":105},[73,3754,3755,3757,3759,3761,3763,3765],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3756,102],{"class":101},[73,3758,106],{"class":105},[73,3760,3301],{"class":101},[73,3762,106],{"class":105},[73,3764,3701],{"class":114},[73,3766,118],{"class":105},[20,3768,1660],{},[64,3770,3771],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3772,3773],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3774,3775],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3776,3627],{"class":3438},[20,3778,3779,3780,3782],{},"The empty string ",[15,3781,3359],{}," is falsy.",[59,3784,3786,3787,3789],{"id":3785},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3788,3165],{}," works with conditions",[20,3791,3792,3794],{},[15,3793,3165],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3796,3797],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3799,3800],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[64,3802,3804],{"className":66,"code":3803,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3805,3806,3826,3854,3858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3807,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3809,523],{"class":79},[73,3811,84],{"class":83},[73,3813,528],{"class":105},[73,3815,404],{"class":315},[73,3817,149],{"class":105},[73,3819,409],{"class":315},[73,3821,149],{"class":105},[73,3823,414],{"class":315},[73,3825,229],{"class":105},[73,3827,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836,3838,3841,3843,3845,3847,3849,3852],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3829,1819],{"class":79},[73,3831,84],{"class":83},[73,3833,3229],{"class":101},[73,3835,106],{"class":105},[73,3837,310],{"class":114},[73,3839,3840],{"class":83},">",[73,3842,3420],{"class":315},[73,3844,3463],{"class":646},[73,3846,3466],{"class":114},[73,3848,3469],{"class":646},[73,3850,3851],{"class":114}," numbers",[73,3853,854],{"class":105},[73,3855,3856],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,3857,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,3859,3860,3862,3864,3866],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,3861,102],{"class":101},[73,3863,106],{"class":105},[73,3865,1854],{"class":114},[73,3867,854],{"class":105},[20,3869,1660],{},[64,3871,3872],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3873,3874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3875,3876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3877,3566],{"class":3438},[20,3879,3880],{},"Here is one that fails:",[64,3882,3884],{"className":66,"code":3883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3885,3886,3908,3934,3938],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3887,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3889,523],{"class":79},[73,3891,84],{"class":83},[73,3893,528],{"class":105},[73,3895,404],{"class":315},[73,3897,149],{"class":105},[73,3899,1811],{"class":83},[73,3901,1646],{"class":315},[73,3903,149],{"class":105},[73,3905,414],{"class":315},[73,3907,229],{"class":105},[73,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,3911,1819],{"class":79},[73,3913,84],{"class":83},[73,3915,3229],{"class":101},[73,3917,106],{"class":105},[73,3919,310],{"class":114},[73,3921,3840],{"class":83},[73,3923,3420],{"class":315},[73,3925,3463],{"class":646},[73,3927,3466],{"class":114},[73,3929,3469],{"class":646},[73,3931,3851],{"class":114},[73,3933,854],{"class":105},[73,3935,3936],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,3937,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,3939,3940,3942,3944,3946],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,3941,102],{"class":101},[73,3943,106],{"class":105},[73,3945,1854],{"class":114},[73,3947,854],{"class":105},[20,3949,1660],{},[64,3951,3952],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3953,3954],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3955,3956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3957,3627],{"class":3438},[20,3959,3960,3961,3964,3965,3967,3968,1987,3970,817],{},"The expression ",[15,3962,3963],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3966,3190],{},", then ",[15,3969,3165],{},[15,3971,3190],{},[20,3973,3974],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3976,3977,3978,355,3982,817],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[587,3979,3981],{"href":3980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[587,3983,3985],{"href":3984},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[59,3987,3989],{"id":3988},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3991,3992,1987,3994,817],{},[15,3993,3187],{},[15,3995,3190],{},[20,3997,3998],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4000,714],{},[64,4002,4004],{"className":66,"code":4003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4005,4006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4007,4008,4010,4012,4014],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4009,102],{"class":101},[73,4011,106],{"class":105},[73,4013,3301],{"class":101},[73,4015,4016],{"class":105},"([]))\n",[20,4018,1660],{},[64,4020,4021],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4022,4023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4024,4025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4026,3566],{"class":3438},[20,4028,4029],{},"Why?",[20,4031,4032],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4034,4035],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4037,4038,4045,4048],{},[33,4039,4040,1987,4042,4044],{},[15,4041,3165],{},[15,4043,3260],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4046,4047],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4049,4050,4051],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4052,3260],{},[20,4054,4055],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4057,4058],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[64,4060,4062],{"className":66,"code":4061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4063,4064,4075],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4065,4066,4068,4070,4072],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4067,102],{"class":101},[73,4069,106],{"class":105},[73,4071,3301],{"class":101},[73,4073,4074],{"class":105},"(()))\n",[73,4076,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4078,102],{"class":101},[73,4080,106],{"class":105},[73,4082,3301],{"class":101},[73,4084,106],{"class":105},[73,4086,3359],{"class":87},[73,4088,118],{"class":105},[20,4090,1660],{},[64,4092,4094],{"className":66,"code":4093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4095,4096,4100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4097,4098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4099,3566],{"class":3438},[73,4101,4102],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4103,3566],{"class":3438},[59,4105,4107],{"id":4106},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[292,4109,4111],{"id":4110},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4113,4114],{},"This is wrong:",[64,4116,4118],{"className":66,"code":4117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4119,4120,4125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4121,4122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4123,4124],{"class":3249},"# Wrong\n",[73,4126,4127],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4128,4129],{"class":3249},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4131,4132,4134],{},[15,4133,3165],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4136,4137],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[64,4139,4141],{"className":66,"code":4140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4142,4143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4144,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4146,102],{"class":101},[73,4148,106],{"class":105},[73,4150,3301],{"class":101},[73,4152,401],{"class":105},[73,4154,404],{"class":315},[73,4156,149],{"class":105},[73,4158,409],{"class":315},[73,4160,149],{"class":105},[73,4162,414],{"class":315},[73,4164,417],{"class":105},[292,4166,4168,4169,4171],{"id":4167},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4170,3165],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4173,4174],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[64,4176,4178],{"className":66,"code":4177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4179,4180,4201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4181,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4195,4197,4199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4183,523],{"class":79},[73,4185,84],{"class":83},[73,4187,528],{"class":105},[73,4189,1727],{"class":315},[73,4191,149],{"class":105},[73,4193,4194],{"class":315}," 5",[73,4196,149],{"class":105},[73,4198,4194],{"class":315},[73,4200,229],{"class":105},[73,4202,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4204,102],{"class":101},[73,4206,106],{"class":105},[73,4208,3301],{"class":101},[73,4210,106],{"class":105},[73,4212,553],{"class":114},[73,4214,118],{"class":105},[20,4216,4217,4218,4220],{},"This does ",[55,4219,806],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4222,4223,4224,4226],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4225,1727],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[64,4228,4229],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4230,4231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4232,4233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4234,3566],{"class":3438},[20,4236,4237],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[64,4239,4241],{"className":66,"code":4240,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4242,4243,4263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4244,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4246,523],{"class":79},[73,4248,84],{"class":83},[73,4250,528],{"class":105},[73,4252,1727],{"class":315},[73,4254,149],{"class":105},[73,4256,4194],{"class":315},[73,4258,149],{"class":105},[73,4260,4194],{"class":315},[73,4262,229],{"class":105},[73,4264,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4266,102],{"class":101},[73,4268,106],{"class":105},[73,4270,3301],{"class":101},[73,4272,106],{"class":105},[73,4274,310],{"class":114},[73,4276,4277],{"class":83},"==",[73,4279,4194],{"class":315},[73,4281,3463],{"class":646},[73,4283,3466],{"class":114},[73,4285,3469],{"class":646},[73,4287,3851],{"class":114},[73,4289,118],{"class":105},[292,4291,4293,4294,4296],{"id":4292},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4295,1710],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[64,4298,4300],{"className":66,"code":4299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4301,4302,4328],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4303,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4305,102],{"class":101},[73,4307,106],{"class":105},[73,4309,3301],{"class":101},[73,4311,401],{"class":105},[73,4313,404],{"class":315},[73,4315,149],{"class":105},[73,4317,409],{"class":315},[73,4319,149],{"class":105},[73,4321,3420],{"class":315},[73,4323,4324],{"class":105},"]))",[73,4326,4327],{"class":3249},"       # False\n",[73,4329,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4331,102],{"class":101},[73,4333,106],{"class":105},[73,4335,3301],{"class":101},[73,4337,401],{"class":105},[73,4339,141],{"class":87},[73,4341,587],{"class":91},[73,4343,141],{"class":87},[73,4345,149],{"class":105},[73,4347,152],{"class":87},[73,4349,4350],{"class":91},"b",[73,4352,141],{"class":87},[73,4354,149],{"class":105},[73,4356,3425],{"class":87},[73,4358,4324],{"class":105},[73,4360,4361],{"class":3249},"  # False\n",[20,4363,4364,4365,817],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4366,3260],{},[292,4368,4370,4371,4373,4374],{"id":4369},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4372,3187],{}," is ",[15,4375,3190],{},[20,4377,4378],{},"This is expected behavior:",[64,4380,4382],{"className":66,"code":4381,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4383,4384],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4385,4386,4388,4390,4392,4395],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4387,102],{"class":101},[73,4389,106],{"class":105},[73,4391,3301],{"class":101},[73,4393,4394],{"class":105},"([]))",[73,4396,3250],{"class":3249},[20,4398,4399,4400,4402],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4401,3190],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4404,4405],{},"Useful quick tests:",[64,4407,4409],{"className":66,"code":4408,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4410,4411,4433,4455,4502,4538],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4412,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4414,102],{"class":101},[73,4416,106],{"class":105},[73,4418,3301],{"class":101},[73,4420,401],{"class":105},[73,4422,404],{"class":315},[73,4424,149],{"class":105},[73,4426,409],{"class":315},[73,4428,149],{"class":105},[73,4430,414],{"class":315},[73,4432,417],{"class":105},[73,4434,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4436,102],{"class":101},[73,4438,106],{"class":105},[73,4440,3301],{"class":101},[73,4442,401],{"class":105},[73,4444,404],{"class":315},[73,4446,149],{"class":105},[73,4448,3420],{"class":315},[73,4450,149],{"class":105},[73,4452,414],{"class":315},[73,4454,417],{"class":105},[73,4456,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,4458,102],{"class":101},[73,4460,401],{"class":105},[73,4462,3454],{"class":1270},[73,4464,106],{"class":105},[73,4466,354],{"class":114},[73,4468,3246],{"class":105},[73,4470,3463],{"class":646},[73,4472,3466],{"class":114},[73,4474,3469],{"class":646},[73,4476,528],{"class":105},[73,4478,404],{"class":315},[73,4480,149],{"class":105},[73,4482,3420],{"class":315},[73,4484,149],{"class":105},[73,4486,3425],{"class":87},[73,4488,149],{"class":105},[73,4490,152],{"class":87},[73,4492,92],{"class":91},[73,4494,141],{"class":87},[73,4496,149],{"class":105},[73,4498,3439],{"class":3438},[73,4500,4501],{"class":105},"]])\n",[73,4503,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,4505,102],{"class":101},[73,4507,106],{"class":105},[73,4509,3301],{"class":101},[73,4511,106],{"class":105},[73,4513,310],{"class":114},[73,4515,3840],{"class":83},[73,4517,3420],{"class":315},[73,4519,3463],{"class":646},[73,4521,3466],{"class":114},[73,4523,3469],{"class":646},[73,4525,528],{"class":105},[73,4527,404],{"class":315},[73,4529,149],{"class":105},[73,4531,409],{"class":315},[73,4533,149],{"class":105},[73,4535,414],{"class":315},[73,4537,417],{"class":105},[73,4539,4540,4542,4544,4546],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,4541,102],{"class":101},[73,4543,106],{"class":105},[73,4545,3301],{"class":101},[73,4547,4016],{"class":105},[59,4549,4551,4552],{"id":4550},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4553,3165],{},[20,4555,4556,4558],{},[15,4557,3165],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4560,4561],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4563,4564,4567,4570],{},[33,4565,4566],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4568,4569],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4571,4572],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4574,4575],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[64,4577,4579],{"className":66,"code":4578,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4580,4581,4617],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4582,4583,4586,4588,4590,4592,4595,4597,4599,4601,4604,4606,4608,4610,4613,4615],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4584,4585],{"class":79},"names ",[73,4587,84],{"class":83},[73,4589,528],{"class":105},[73,4591,141],{"class":87},[73,4593,4594],{"class":91},"Alice",[73,4596,141],{"class":87},[73,4598,149],{"class":105},[73,4600,152],{"class":87},[73,4602,4603],{"class":91},"Bob",[73,4605,141],{"class":87},[73,4607,149],{"class":105},[73,4609,152],{"class":87},[73,4611,4612],{"class":91},"Charlie",[73,4614,141],{"class":87},[73,4616,229],{"class":105},[73,4618,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4630],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4620,102],{"class":101},[73,4622,106],{"class":105},[73,4624,3301],{"class":101},[73,4626,106],{"class":105},[73,4628,4629],{"class":114},"names",[73,4631,118],{"class":105},[20,4633,1660],{},[64,4635,4636],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4637,4638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4639,4640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4641,3566],{"class":3438},[20,4643,4644],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[64,4646,4648],{"className":66,"code":4647,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4649,4650,4674],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4651,4652,4655,4657,4659,4662,4664,4667,4669,4672],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4653,4654],{"class":79},"scores ",[73,4656,84],{"class":83},[73,4658,528],{"class":105},[73,4660,4661],{"class":315},"75",[73,4663,149],{"class":105},[73,4665,4666],{"class":315}," 80",[73,4668,149],{"class":105},[73,4670,4671],{"class":315}," 50",[73,4673,229],{"class":105},[73,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4687,4690,4692,4694,4697,4699,4702],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4677,102],{"class":101},[73,4679,106],{"class":105},[73,4681,3301],{"class":101},[73,4683,106],{"class":105},[73,4685,4686],{"class":114},"score ",[73,4688,4689],{"class":83},">=",[73,4691,4671],{"class":315},[73,4693,3463],{"class":646},[73,4695,4696],{"class":114}," score ",[73,4698,3469],{"class":646},[73,4700,4701],{"class":114}," scores",[73,4703,118],{"class":105},[20,4705,1660],{},[64,4707,4708],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4709,4710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4711,4712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4713,3566],{"class":3438},[20,4715,4716],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4718,4719,4720,355,4724,817],{},"For related tasks, see ",[587,4721,4723],{"href":4722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[587,4725,4727],{"href":4726},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[59,4729,1405],{"id":1404},[292,4731,1409,4733,1412],{"id":4732},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4734,3165],{},[20,4736,4737,4738,4740,4741,4743],{},"It returns ",[15,4739,3190],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4742,3260],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[292,4745,4747,4748,4750,4751,1424],{"id":4746},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4749,3187],{}," return ",[15,4752,3190],{},[20,4754,4755],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[292,4757,1446,4759,4761],{"id":4758},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4760,3165],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4763,4764],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[292,4766,1419,4768,355,4770,1424],{"id":4767},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4769,3165],{},[15,4771,4772],{},"any()",[20,4774,4775,4777,4778,4780,4781,817],{},[15,4776,3165],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4779,4772],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[587,4782,13,4784,1470],{"href":4783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4785,4772],{},[59,4787,1461],{"id":1460},[30,4789,4790,4796,4800,4805,4810,4815],{},[33,4791,4792],{},[587,4793,13,4794,1470],{"href":4783},[15,4795,4772],{},[33,4797,4798],{},[587,4799,3393],{"href":3392},[33,4801,4802],{},[587,4803,4804],{"href":4726},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,4806,4807],{},[587,4808,4809],{"href":4722},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,4811,4812],{},[587,4813,4814],{"href":3980},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,4816,4817],{},[587,4818,4819],{"href":3984},"What is an iterable in Python",[1500,4821,4822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":4824},[4825,4826,4828,4829,4834,4836,4837,4846,4848,4858],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":3263,"depth":98,"text":4827},"What all() does",{"id":3314,"depth":98,"text":3315},{"id":3517,"depth":98,"text":3518,"children":4830},[4831,4832,4833],{"id":3521,"depth":332,"text":3522},{"id":3582,"depth":332,"text":3583},{"id":3646,"depth":332,"text":3647},{"id":3785,"depth":98,"text":4835},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3988,"depth":98,"text":3989},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":4838},[4839,4840,4842,4844],{"id":4110,"depth":332,"text":4111},{"id":4167,"depth":332,"text":4841},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4292,"depth":332,"text":4843},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4369,"depth":332,"text":4845},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4550,"depth":98,"text":4847},"When to use all()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":4849},[4850,4852,4854,4856],{"id":4732,"depth":332,"text":4851},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4746,"depth":332,"text":4853},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4758,"depth":332,"text":4855},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4767,"depth":332,"text":4857},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3157,"description":4859},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4866,"title":4867,"body":4868,"description":6558,"extension":1552,"meta":6559,"navigation":335,"path":4783,"seo":6560,"stem":6561,"__hash__":6562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4869,"toc":6536},[4870,4873,4881,4884,4899,4907,4951,4960,4964,4969,4972,4989,4992,5003,5015,5019,5022,5037,5042,5045,5057,5059,5144,5147,5168,5174,5176,5184,5198,5200,5234,5236,5239,5300,5302,5319,5322,5349,5351,5359,5371,5375,5378,5417,5419,5427,5429,5445,5453,5456,5499,5501,5509,5514,5518,5526,5529,5556,5559,5562,5636,5638,5646,5653,5677,5688,5691,5770,5772,5780,5787,5791,5796,5811,5813,5821,5824,5830,5833,5879,5881,5898,5902,5907,5918,5921,6036,6039,6098,6104,6106,6111,6115,6117,6136,6142,6145,6164,6168,6177,6204,6206,6214,6222,6226,6232,6255,6257,6265,6272,6276,6279,6330,6333,6384,6387,6389,6393,6400,6404,6411,6415,6423,6427,6430,6452,6454,6504,6506,6533],[10,4871,4867],{"id":4872},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4874,4875,4877,4878,817],{},[15,4876,4772],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[55,4879,4880],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4882,4883],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,4885,4886,4888,4891,4894,4896],{},[33,4887,428],{},[33,4889,4890],{},"tuples",[33,4892,4893],{},"sets",[33,4895,425],{},[33,4897,4898],{},"generator expressions",[20,4900,4901,4902,2468,4904,4906],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4903,3190],{},[15,4905,3260],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[64,4908,4910],{"className":66,"code":4909,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4911,4912,4932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4913,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4915,3409],{"class":79},[73,4917,84],{"class":83},[73,4919,528],{"class":105},[73,4921,1710],{"class":315},[73,4923,149],{"class":105},[73,4925,3425],{"class":87},[73,4927,149],{"class":105},[73,4929,4194],{"class":315},[73,4931,229],{"class":105},[73,4933,4934,4936,4938,4941,4943,4946,4949],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,4935,102],{"class":101},[73,4937,106],{"class":105},[73,4939,4940],{"class":101},"any",[73,4942,106],{"class":105},[73,4944,4945],{"class":114},"values",[73,4947,4948],{"class":105},"))",[73,4950,3250],{"class":3249},[20,4952,121,4953,4956,4957,4959],{},[15,4954,4955],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4958,3190],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[59,4961,4963],{"id":4962},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4965,4966,4968],{},[15,4967,4772],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4970,4971],{},"It returns:",[30,4973,4974,4979,4984],{},[33,4975,4976,4978],{},[15,4977,3190],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,4980,4981,4983],{},[15,4982,3260],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,4985,4986,4988],{},[15,4987,3260],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4990,4991],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,4993,4994,4997,5000],{},[33,4995,4996],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,4998,4999],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5001,5002],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5004,5005,5006,5009,5010,817],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[55,5007,5008],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[587,5011,5013],{"href":5012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5014,3165],{},[59,5016,5018],{"id":5017},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5020,5021],{},"The syntax is simple:",[64,5023,5025],{"className":66,"code":5024,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5026,5027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5030,4940],{"class":101},[73,5032,106],{"class":105},[73,5034,3306],{"class":114},[73,5036,854],{"class":105},[20,5038,5039,5040,817],{},"The argument must be an ",[55,5041,3306],{},[20,5043,5044],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5046,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055],{},[33,5048,428],{},[33,5050,4890],{},[33,5052,4893],{},[33,5054,425],{},[33,5056,4898],{},[20,5058,820],{},[64,5060,5062],{"className":66,"code":5061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5063,5064,5087,5106,5126],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5065,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5067,102],{"class":101},[73,5069,106],{"class":105},[73,5071,4940],{"class":101},[73,5073,401],{"class":105},[73,5075,1710],{"class":315},[73,5077,149],{"class":105},[73,5079,3420],{"class":315},[73,5081,149],{"class":105},[73,5083,5084],{"class":315}," 1",[73,5086,417],{"class":105},[73,5088,5089,5091,5093,5095,5098,5100,5102,5104],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5090,102],{"class":101},[73,5092,106],{"class":105},[73,5094,4940],{"class":101},[73,5096,5097],{"class":105},"((",[73,5099,3260],{"class":3438},[73,5101,149],{"class":105},[73,5103,3493],{"class":3438},[73,5105,2503],{"class":105},[73,5107,5108,5110,5112,5114,5117,5119,5121,5123],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5109,102],{"class":101},[73,5111,106],{"class":105},[73,5113,4940],{"class":101},[73,5115,5116],{"class":105},"({",[73,5118,1710],{"class":315},[73,5120,149],{"class":105},[73,5122,409],{"class":315},[73,5124,5125],{"class":105},"}))\n",[73,5127,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,5129,102],{"class":101},[73,5131,106],{"class":105},[73,5133,4940],{"class":101},[73,5135,106],{"class":105},[73,5137,384],{"class":87},[73,5139,92],{"class":91},[73,5141,384],{"class":87},[73,5143,118],{"class":105},[20,5145,5146],{},"Expected output:",[64,5148,5150],{"className":66,"code":5149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5151,5152,5156,5160,5164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5153,5154],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5155,3566],{"class":3438},[73,5157,5158],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5159,3627],{"class":3438},[73,5161,5162],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5163,3566],{"class":3438},[73,5165,5166],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,5167,3566],{"class":3438},[20,5169,5170,5171,817],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[587,5172,4727],{"href":5173},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[59,5175,3315],{"id":3314},[20,5177,3318,5178,2468,5181,3323],{},[55,5179,5180],{},"truthy",[55,5182,5183],{},"falsy",[30,5185,5186,5192],{},[33,5187,5188,3331,5190],{},[55,5189,3330],{},[15,5191,3190],{},[33,5193,5194,3331,5196],{},[55,5195,3338],{},[15,5197,3260],{},[20,5199,3343],{},[30,5201,5202,5206,5210,5214,5218,5222,5226,5230],{},[33,5203,5204],{},[15,5205,3260],{},[33,5207,5208],{},[15,5209,1710],{},[33,5211,5212],{},[15,5213,3354],{},[33,5215,5216],{},[15,5217,3359],{},[33,5219,5220],{},[15,5221,3373],{},[33,5223,5224],{},[15,5225,3378],{},[33,5227,5228],{},[15,5229,3383],{},[33,5231,5232],{},[15,5233,3364],{},[20,5235,3386],{},[20,5237,5238],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[64,5240,5242],{"className":66,"code":5241,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5243,5244,5258,5276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5245,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5247,102],{"class":101},[73,5249,106],{"class":105},[73,5251,4940],{"class":101},[73,5253,401],{"class":105},[73,5255,404],{"class":315},[73,5257,417],{"class":105},[73,5259,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5261,102],{"class":101},[73,5263,106],{"class":105},[73,5265,4940],{"class":101},[73,5267,401],{"class":105},[73,5269,141],{"class":87},[73,5271,92],{"class":91},[73,5273,141],{"class":87},[73,5275,417],{"class":105},[73,5277,5278,5280,5282,5284,5287,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5279,102],{"class":101},[73,5281,106],{"class":105},[73,5283,4940],{"class":101},[73,5285,5286],{"class":105},"([[",[73,5288,404],{"class":315},[73,5290,149],{"class":105},[73,5292,409],{"class":315},[73,5294,149],{"class":105},[73,5296,414],{"class":315},[73,5298,5299],{"class":105},"]]))\n",[20,5301,5146],{},[64,5303,5305],{"className":66,"code":5304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5306,5307,5311,5315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5308,5309],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5310,3566],{"class":3438},[73,5312,5313],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5314,3566],{"class":3438},[73,5316,5317],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5318,3566],{"class":3438},[20,5320,5321],{},"And these are all falsy:",[64,5323,5325],{"className":66,"code":5324,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5326,5327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5328,5329,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5330,102],{"class":101},[73,5332,106],{"class":105},[73,5334,4940],{"class":101},[73,5336,401],{"class":105},[73,5338,1710],{"class":315},[73,5340,149],{"class":105},[73,5342,3425],{"class":87},[73,5344,149],{"class":105},[73,5346,3439],{"class":3438},[73,5348,417],{"class":105},[20,5350,5146],{},[64,5352,5353],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5354,5355],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5356,5357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5358,3627],{"class":3438},[20,5360,5361,5362,355,5365,817],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[587,5363,3393],{"href":5364},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[587,5366,5368,5370],{"href":5367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5369,3399],{}," explained",[59,5372,5374],{"id":5373},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5376,5377],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[64,5379,5381],{"className":66,"code":5380,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5382,5383,5403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5384,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5386,3409],{"class":79},[73,5388,84],{"class":83},[73,5390,528],{"class":105},[73,5392,1710],{"class":315},[73,5394,149],{"class":105},[73,5396,3425],{"class":87},[73,5398,149],{"class":105},[73,5400,4194],{"class":315},[73,5402,229],{"class":105},[73,5404,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5406,102],{"class":101},[73,5408,106],{"class":105},[73,5410,4940],{"class":101},[73,5412,106],{"class":105},[73,5414,4945],{"class":114},[73,5416,118],{"class":105},[20,5418,1660],{},[64,5420,5421],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5422,5423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5424,5425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5426,3566],{"class":3438},[20,5428,4029],{},[30,5430,5431,5436,5440],{},[33,5432,5433,5435],{},[15,5434,1710],{}," is falsy",[33,5437,5438,5435],{},[15,5439,3359],{},[33,5441,5442,5444],{},[15,5443,1727],{}," is truthy",[20,5446,5447,5448,1987,5451,817],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5449,5450],{},"any(values)",[15,5452,3190],{},[20,5454,5455],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[64,5457,5459],{"className":66,"code":5458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5460,5461,5485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5462,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5464,3409],{"class":79},[73,5466,84],{"class":83},[73,5468,528],{"class":105},[73,5470,1710],{"class":315},[73,5472,149],{"class":105},[73,5474,3425],{"class":87},[73,5476,149],{"class":105},[73,5478,3439],{"class":3438},[73,5480,149],{"class":105},[73,5482,3493],{"class":3438},[73,5484,229],{"class":105},[73,5486,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5488,102],{"class":101},[73,5490,106],{"class":105},[73,5492,4940],{"class":101},[73,5494,106],{"class":105},[73,5496,4945],{"class":114},[73,5498,118],{"class":105},[20,5500,1660],{},[64,5502,5503],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5504,5505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5506,5507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5508,3627],{"class":3438},[20,5510,5511,5512,817],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5513,3260],{},[59,5515,5517],{"id":5516},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5519,5520,5522,5523,817],{},[15,5521,4772],{}," is often used with a ",[55,5524,5525],{},"generator expression",[20,5527,5528],{},"This is a common pattern:",[64,5530,5532],{"className":66,"code":5531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5533,5534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5535,5536,5538,5540,5543,5546,5549,5551,5554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5537,4940],{"class":101},[73,5539,106],{"class":105},[73,5541,5542],{"class":114},"condition ",[73,5544,5545],{"class":646},"for",[73,5547,5548],{"class":114}," item ",[73,5550,3469],{"class":646},[73,5552,5553],{"class":114}," items",[73,5555,854],{"class":105},[20,5557,5558],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5560,5561],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[64,5563,5565],{"className":66,"code":5564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5566,5567,5595,5599,5626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5568,5569,5571,5573,5575,5577,5579,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590,5593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5570,523],{"class":79},[73,5572,84],{"class":83},[73,5574,528],{"class":105},[73,5576,2095],{"class":315},[73,5578,149],{"class":105},[73,5580,5581],{"class":315}," 7",[73,5583,149],{"class":105},[73,5585,1811],{"class":83},[73,5587,1646],{"class":315},[73,5589,149],{"class":105},[73,5591,5592],{"class":315}," 10",[73,5594,229],{"class":105},[73,5596,5597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5598,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,5600,5601,5603,5605,5608,5610,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5602,1819],{"class":79},[73,5604,84],{"class":83},[73,5606,5607],{"class":101}," any",[73,5609,106],{"class":105},[73,5611,310],{"class":114},[73,5613,2879],{"class":83},[73,5615,3420],{"class":315},[73,5617,3463],{"class":646},[73,5619,3466],{"class":114},[73,5621,3469],{"class":646},[73,5623,3851],{"class":114},[73,5625,854],{"class":105},[73,5627,5628,5630,5632,5634],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,5629,102],{"class":101},[73,5631,106],{"class":105},[73,5633,1854],{"class":114},[73,5635,854],{"class":105},[20,5637,1660],{},[64,5639,5640],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5641,5642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5643,5644],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5645,3566],{"class":3438},[20,5647,5648,5649,5652],{},"This works because ",[15,5650,5651],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,5654,5655,5663,5670],{},[33,5656,5657,5660,5661],{},[15,5658,5659],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5662,3260],{},[33,5664,5665,5660,5668],{},[15,5666,5667],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5669,3260],{},[33,5671,5672,5660,5675],{},[15,5673,5674],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5676,3190],{},[20,5678,5679,5680,5682,5683,5685,5686,817],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5681,3190],{}," result, ",[15,5684,4772],{}," can return ",[15,5687,3190],{},[20,5689,5690],{},"Here is another example:",[64,5692,5694],{"className":66,"code":5693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5695,5696,5725,5729,5759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5697,5698,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5699,3657],{"class":79},[73,5701,84],{"class":83},[73,5703,528],{"class":105},[73,5705,384],{"class":87},[73,5707,3666],{"class":91},[73,5709,384],{"class":87},[73,5711,149],{"class":105},[73,5713,5714],{"class":87}," \"\"",[73,5716,149],{"class":105},[73,5718,88],{"class":87},[73,5720,3675],{"class":91},[73,5722,384],{"class":87},[73,5724,229],{"class":105},[73,5726,5727],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5728,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,5730,5731,5734,5736,5738,5740,5743,5745,5747,5749,5752,5754,5757],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5732,5733],{"class":79},"has_empty_string ",[73,5735,84],{"class":83},[73,5737,5607],{"class":101},[73,5739,106],{"class":105},[73,5741,5742],{"class":114},"word ",[73,5744,4277],{"class":83},[73,5746,5714],{"class":87},[73,5748,3463],{"class":646},[73,5750,5751],{"class":114}," word ",[73,5753,3469],{"class":646},[73,5755,5756],{"class":114}," words",[73,5758,854],{"class":105},[73,5760,5761,5763,5765,5768],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,5762,102],{"class":101},[73,5764,106],{"class":105},[73,5766,5767],{"class":114},"has_empty_string",[73,5769,854],{"class":105},[20,5771,1660],{},[64,5773,5774],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5775,5776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5777,5778],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5779,3566],{"class":3438},[20,5781,5782,5783,817],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[587,5784,5786],{"href":5785},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[59,5788,5790],{"id":5789},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5792,5793,5794,2475],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5795,3260],{},[64,5797,5799],{"className":66,"code":5798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5800,5801],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5802,5803,5805,5807,5809],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5804,102],{"class":101},[73,5806,106],{"class":105},[73,5808,4940],{"class":101},[73,5810,4016],{"class":105},[20,5812,1660],{},[64,5814,5815],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5816,5817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5818,5819],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5820,3627],{"class":3438},[20,5822,5823],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5825,5826,5827,5829],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5828,4772],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5831,5832],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[64,5834,5836],{"className":66,"code":5835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5837,5838,5848,5863],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5839,5840,5842,5844,5846],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5841,102],{"class":101},[73,5843,106],{"class":105},[73,5845,4940],{"class":101},[73,5847,4074],{"class":105},[73,5849,5850,5852,5854,5856,5858,5861],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5851,102],{"class":101},[73,5853,106],{"class":105},[73,5855,4940],{"class":101},[73,5857,106],{"class":105},[73,5859,5860],{"class":87},"\"\"",[73,5862,118],{"class":105},[73,5864,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5876],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5866,102],{"class":101},[73,5868,106],{"class":105},[73,5870,4940],{"class":101},[73,5872,106],{"class":105},[73,5874,5875],{"class":1270},"set",[73,5877,5878],{"class":105},"()))\n",[20,5880,1660],{},[64,5882,5884],{"className":66,"code":5883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5885,5886,5890,5894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5887,5888],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5889,3627],{"class":3438},[73,5891,5892],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5893,3627],{"class":3438},[73,5895,5896],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5897,3627],{"class":3438},[59,5899,5901],{"id":5900},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5903,121,5904,5906],{},[15,5905,4772],{}," when you want to:",[30,5908,5909,5912,5915],{},[33,5910,5911],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,5913,5914],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,5916,5917],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5919,5920],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[64,5922,5924],{"className":66,"code":5923,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5925,5926,5951,5955,5965,5969,5983,6002,6013,6019,6024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5927,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5949],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5929,523],{"class":79},[73,5931,84],{"class":83},[73,5933,528],{"class":105},[73,5935,404],{"class":315},[73,5937,149],{"class":105},[73,5939,414],{"class":315},[73,5941,149],{"class":105},[73,5943,4194],{"class":315},[73,5945,149],{"class":105},[73,5947,5948],{"class":315}," 8",[73,5950,229],{"class":105},[73,5952,5953],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,5954,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,5956,5957,5960,5962],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,5958,5959],{"class":79},"found_even ",[73,5961,84],{"class":83},[73,5963,5964],{"class":3438}," False\n",[73,5966,5967],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,5968,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,5970,5971,5973,5976,5978,5980],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,5972,5545],{"class":646},[73,5974,5975],{"class":79}," number ",[73,5977,3469],{"class":646},[73,5979,3851],{"class":79},[73,5981,5982],{"class":105},":\n",[73,5984,5985,5988,5990,5993,5995,5998,6000],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,5986,5987],{"class":646},"    if",[73,5989,5975],{"class":79},[73,5991,5992],{"class":83},"%",[73,5994,409],{"class":315},[73,5996,5997],{"class":83}," ==",[73,5999,3420],{"class":315},[73,6001,5982],{"class":105},[73,6003,6005,6008,6010],{"class":75,"line":6004},7,[73,6006,6007],{"class":79},"        found_even ",[73,6009,84],{"class":83},[73,6011,6012],{"class":3438}," True\n",[73,6014,6016],{"class":75,"line":6015},8,[73,6017,6018],{"class":646},"        break\n",[73,6020,6022],{"class":75,"line":6021},9,[73,6023,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,6025,6027,6029,6031,6034],{"class":75,"line":6026},10,[73,6028,102],{"class":101},[73,6030,106],{"class":105},[73,6032,6033],{"class":114},"found_even",[73,6035,854],{"class":105},[20,6037,6038],{},"You can write:",[64,6040,6042],{"className":66,"code":6041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6043,6044,6068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6045,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6064,6066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6047,523],{"class":79},[73,6049,84],{"class":83},[73,6051,528],{"class":105},[73,6053,404],{"class":315},[73,6055,149],{"class":105},[73,6057,414],{"class":315},[73,6059,149],{"class":105},[73,6061,4194],{"class":315},[73,6063,149],{"class":105},[73,6065,5948],{"class":315},[73,6067,229],{"class":105},[73,6069,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6071,102],{"class":101},[73,6073,106],{"class":105},[73,6075,4940],{"class":101},[73,6077,106],{"class":105},[73,6079,1806],{"class":114},[73,6081,5992],{"class":83},[73,6083,409],{"class":315},[73,6085,5997],{"class":83},[73,6087,3420],{"class":315},[73,6089,3463],{"class":646},[73,6091,5975],{"class":114},[73,6093,3469],{"class":646},[73,6095,3851],{"class":114},[73,6097,118],{"class":105},[20,6099,6100,6101,6103],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6102,4772],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[59,6105,4107],{"id":4106},[20,6107,6108,6109,817],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6110,4772],{},[292,6112,6114],{"id":6113},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6116,4114],{},[64,6118,6120],{"className":66,"code":6119,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6121,6122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6123,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6125,102],{"class":101},[73,6127,106],{"class":105},[73,6129,4940],{"class":101},[73,6131,106],{"class":105},[73,6133,1727],{"class":315},[73,6135,118],{"class":105},[20,6137,6138,6139,6141],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6140,1727],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6143,6144],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[64,6146,6148],{"className":66,"code":6147,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6149,6150],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6151,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6153,102],{"class":101},[73,6155,106],{"class":105},[73,6157,4940],{"class":101},[73,6159,401],{"class":105},[73,6161,1727],{"class":315},[73,6163,417],{"class":105},[292,6165,6167],{"id":6166},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6169,6170,6172,6173,6176],{},[15,6171,4772],{}," needs only ",[55,6174,6175],{},"one"," truthy item.",[64,6178,6180],{"className":66,"code":6179,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6181,6182],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6183,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6185,102],{"class":101},[73,6187,106],{"class":105},[73,6189,4940],{"class":101},[73,6191,401],{"class":105},[73,6193,3260],{"class":3438},[73,6195,149],{"class":105},[73,6197,3493],{"class":3438},[73,6199,149],{"class":105},[73,6201,3502],{"class":3438},[73,6203,417],{"class":105},[20,6205,1660],{},[64,6207,6208],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6209,6210],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6211,6212],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6213,3566],{"class":3438},[20,6215,6216,6217,6221],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[587,6218,6219],{"href":5012},[15,6220,3165],{}," instead.",[292,6223,6225],{"id":6224},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6227,6228,6229,817],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6230,6231],{},"\"True\"",[64,6233,6235],{"className":66,"code":6234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6236,6237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6238,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6240,102],{"class":101},[73,6242,106],{"class":105},[73,6244,4940],{"class":101},[73,6246,401],{"class":105},[73,6248,384],{"class":87},[73,6250,3260],{"class":91},[73,6252,384],{"class":87},[73,6254,417],{"class":105},[20,6256,1660],{},[64,6258,6259],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6260,6261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6262,6263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6264,3566],{"class":3438},[20,6266,6267,6268,6271],{},"That is because ",[15,6269,6270],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[292,6273,6275],{"id":6274},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6277,6278],{},"This works:",[64,6280,6282],{"className":66,"code":6281,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6283,6284,6304],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6285,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6287,523],{"class":79},[73,6289,84],{"class":83},[73,6291,528],{"class":105},[73,6293,404],{"class":315},[73,6295,149],{"class":105},[73,6297,409],{"class":315},[73,6299,149],{"class":105},[73,6301,414],{"class":315},[73,6303,229],{"class":105},[73,6305,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6307,102],{"class":101},[73,6309,106],{"class":105},[73,6311,4940],{"class":101},[73,6313,401],{"class":105},[73,6315,310],{"class":114},[73,6317,3840],{"class":83},[73,6319,409],{"class":315},[73,6321,3463],{"class":646},[73,6323,3466],{"class":114},[73,6325,3469],{"class":646},[73,6327,3851],{"class":114},[73,6329,417],{"class":105},[20,6331,6332],{},"But this is usually better:",[64,6334,6336],{"className":66,"code":6335,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6337,6338,6358],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6339,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6341,523],{"class":79},[73,6343,84],{"class":83},[73,6345,528],{"class":105},[73,6347,404],{"class":315},[73,6349,149],{"class":105},[73,6351,409],{"class":315},[73,6353,149],{"class":105},[73,6355,414],{"class":315},[73,6357,229],{"class":105},[73,6359,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6361,102],{"class":101},[73,6363,106],{"class":105},[73,6365,4940],{"class":101},[73,6367,106],{"class":105},[73,6369,310],{"class":114},[73,6371,3840],{"class":83},[73,6373,409],{"class":315},[73,6375,3463],{"class":646},[73,6377,3466],{"class":114},[73,6379,3469],{"class":646},[73,6381,3851],{"class":114},[73,6383,118],{"class":105},[20,6385,6386],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[59,6388,1405],{"id":1404},[292,6390,6392],{"id":6391},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6394,4737,6395,6397,6398,817],{},[15,6396,3190],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6399,3260],{},[292,6401,6403],{"id":6402},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6405,6406,1987,6408,6410],{},[15,6407,4772],{},[15,6409,3260],{}," for an empty iterable.",[292,6412,6414],{"id":6413},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6416,6417,6419,6420,6422],{},[15,6418,4772],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6421,3165],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[292,6424,6426],{"id":6425},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6428,6429],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[64,6431,6432],{"className":66,"code":5531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6433,6434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6437,4940],{"class":101},[73,6439,106],{"class":105},[73,6441,5542],{"class":114},[73,6443,5545],{"class":646},[73,6445,5548],{"class":114},[73,6447,3469],{"class":646},[73,6449,5553],{"class":114},[73,6451,854],{"class":105},[20,6453,820],{},[64,6455,6456],{"className":66,"code":6335,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6457,6458,6478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6459,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6461,523],{"class":79},[73,6463,84],{"class":83},[73,6465,528],{"class":105},[73,6467,404],{"class":315},[73,6469,149],{"class":105},[73,6471,409],{"class":315},[73,6473,149],{"class":105},[73,6475,414],{"class":315},[73,6477,229],{"class":105},[73,6479,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6481,102],{"class":101},[73,6483,106],{"class":105},[73,6485,4940],{"class":101},[73,6487,106],{"class":105},[73,6489,310],{"class":114},[73,6491,3840],{"class":83},[73,6493,409],{"class":315},[73,6495,3463],{"class":646},[73,6497,3466],{"class":114},[73,6499,3469],{"class":646},[73,6501,3851],{"class":114},[73,6503,118],{"class":105},[59,6505,1461],{"id":1460},[30,6507,6508,6514,6518,6522,6527],{},[33,6509,6510],{},[587,6511,6512,1470],{"href":5012},[15,6513,3165],{},[33,6515,6516],{},[587,6517,3393],{"href":5364},[33,6519,6520],{},[587,6521,4804],{"href":5173},[33,6523,6524],{},[587,6525,6526],{"href":5785},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6528,6529],{},[587,6530,6531,1470],{"href":5367},[15,6532,3399],{},[1500,6534,6535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":6537},[6538,6539,6540,6541,6542,6543,6544,6545,6551,6557],{"id":4962,"depth":98,"text":4963},{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018},{"id":3314,"depth":98,"text":3315},{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":5516,"depth":98,"text":5517},{"id":5789,"depth":98,"text":5790},{"id":5900,"depth":98,"text":5901},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":6546},[6547,6548,6549,6550],{"id":6113,"depth":332,"text":6114},{"id":6166,"depth":332,"text":6167},{"id":6224,"depth":332,"text":6225},{"id":6274,"depth":332,"text":6275},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":6552},[6553,6554,6555,6556],{"id":6391,"depth":332,"text":6392},{"id":6402,"depth":332,"text":6403},{"id":6413,"depth":332,"text":6414},{"id":6425,"depth":332,"text":6426},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4867,"description":6558},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6564,"title":6565,"body":6566,"description":8695,"extension":1552,"meta":8696,"navigation":335,"path":8697,"seo":8698,"stem":8699,"__hash__":8700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6567,"toc":8658},[6568,6571,6580,6590,6592,6689,6691,6720,6736,6740,6745,6748,6758,6764,6770,6785,6787,6795,6802,6806,6809,6824,6829,6847,6852,6854,6902,6904,6921,6925,6931,6934,6969,6971,7077,7079,7116,7120,7128,7130,7150,7152,7271,7273,7302,7305,7328,7330,7338,7346,7350,7356,7360,7403,7405,7413,7416,7444,7446,7454,7458,7486,7488,7496,7528,7530,7538,7542,7593,7595,7603,7611,7615,7618,7671,7673,7694,7701,7705,7711,7714,7722,7744,7746,7754,7762,7785,7787,7795,7800,7805,7817,7819,7860,7871,7875,7884,7887,7890,7949,7952,8004,8007,8012,8028,8034,8036,8041,8050,8053,8075,8077,8085,8090,8093,8128,8130,8138,8142,8147,8185,8197,8200,8253,8261,8265,8268,8290,8299,8302,8343,8345,8368,8374,8380,8395,8397,8417,8420,8439,8441,8460,8464,8470,8549,8552,8566,8573,8575,8579,8586,8590,8594,8598,8603,8607,8612,8616,8623,8625,8655],[10,6569,6565],{"id":6570},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6572,1569,6573,6575,6576,2468,6578,817],{},[15,6574,3399],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6577,3190],{},[15,6579,3260],{},[20,6581,6582,6583,6585,6586,6589],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6584,3399],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6587,6588],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[59,6591,3195],{"id":3194},[64,6593,6595],{"className":66,"code":6594,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6596,6597,6611,6625,6639,6657,6667],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6598,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6600,102],{"class":101},[73,6602,106],{"class":105},[73,6604,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6606,106],{"class":105},[73,6608,1710],{"class":315},[73,6610,118],{"class":105},[73,6612,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6614,102],{"class":101},[73,6616,106],{"class":105},[73,6618,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6620,106],{"class":105},[73,6622,404],{"class":315},[73,6624,118],{"class":105},[73,6626,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,6628,102],{"class":101},[73,6630,106],{"class":105},[73,6632,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6634,106],{"class":105},[73,6636,5860],{"class":87},[73,6638,118],{"class":105},[73,6640,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,6642,102],{"class":101},[73,6644,106],{"class":105},[73,6646,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6648,106],{"class":105},[73,6650,384],{"class":87},[73,6652,92],{"class":91},[73,6654,384],{"class":87},[73,6656,118],{"class":105},[73,6658,6659,6661,6663,6665],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,6660,102],{"class":101},[73,6662,106],{"class":105},[73,6664,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6666,4016],{"class":105},[73,6668,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,6670,102],{"class":101},[73,6672,106],{"class":105},[73,6674,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6676,401],{"class":105},[73,6678,404],{"class":315},[73,6680,149],{"class":105},[73,6682,409],{"class":315},[73,6684,149],{"class":105},[73,6686,414],{"class":315},[73,6688,417],{"class":105},[20,6690,5146],{},[64,6692,6694],{"className":66,"code":6693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6695,6696,6700,6704,6708,6712,6716],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6697,6698],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6699,3627],{"class":3438},[73,6701,6702],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6703,3566],{"class":3438},[73,6705,6706],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,6707,3627],{"class":3438},[73,6709,6710],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,6711,3566],{"class":3438},[73,6713,6714],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,6715,3627],{"class":3438},[73,6717,6718],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,6719,3566],{"class":3438},[20,6721,121,6722,6725,6726,2468,6728,6730,6731,6733,6734,817],{},[15,6723,6724],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6727,3190],{},[15,6729,3260],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6732,3260],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6735,3190],{},[59,6737,6739],{"id":6738},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6741,6742,6744],{},[15,6743,3399],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6746,6747],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6749,6750,6754],{},[33,6751,6752],{},[15,6753,3190],{},[33,6755,6756],{},[15,6757,3260],{},[20,6759,6760,6761,6763],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6762,6588],{}," statements.",[20,6765,6766,6767,6769],{},"You can also call ",[15,6768,3399],{}," with no argument:",[64,6771,6773],{"className":66,"code":6772,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool())\n",[15,6774,6775],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6776,6777,6779,6781,6783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6778,102],{"class":101},[73,6780,106],{"class":105},[73,6782,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6784,348],{"class":105},[20,6786,1660],{},[64,6788,6789],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6790,6791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6792,6793],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6794,3627],{"class":3438},[20,6796,6797,6798,817],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[587,6799,6801],{"href":6800},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[59,6803,6805],{"id":6804},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6807,6808],{},"The basic syntax is:",[64,6810,6812],{"className":66,"code":6811,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bool(value)\n",[15,6813,6814],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6815,6816,6818,6820,6822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6817,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6819,106],{"class":105},[73,6821,2063],{"class":114},[73,6823,854],{"class":105},[20,6825,1569,6826,6828],{},[15,6827,2063],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,6830,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6842,6844],{},[33,6832,553],{},[33,6834,425],{},[33,6836,428],{},[33,6838,4890],{},[33,6840,6841],{},"dictionaries",[33,6843,4893],{},[33,6845,6846],{},"other objects",[20,6848,6849,6850,817],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6851,3260],{},[20,6853,714],{},[64,6855,6857],{"className":66,"code":6856,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6858,6859,6873,6892],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6860,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6862,102],{"class":101},[73,6864,106],{"class":105},[73,6866,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6868,106],{"class":105},[73,6870,1920],{"class":315},[73,6872,118],{"class":105},[73,6874,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6888,6890],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6876,102],{"class":101},[73,6878,106],{"class":105},[73,6880,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6882,106],{"class":105},[73,6884,384],{"class":87},[73,6886,6887],{"class":91},"Python",[73,6889,384],{"class":87},[73,6891,118],{"class":105},[73,6893,6894,6896,6898,6900],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,6895,102],{"class":101},[73,6897,106],{"class":105},[73,6899,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6901,348],{"class":105},[20,6903,1660],{},[64,6905,6907],{"className":66,"code":6906,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6908,6909,6913,6917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6910,6911],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6912,3566],{"class":3438},[73,6914,6915],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6916,3566],{"class":3438},[73,6918,6919],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,6920,3627],{"class":3438},[59,6922,6924],{"id":6923},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6926,6927,6928,6930],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[55,6929,5183],{}," values.",[20,6932,6933],{},"Common examples:",[30,6935,6936,6940,6944,6948,6952,6957,6961,6965],{},[33,6937,6938],{},[15,6939,1710],{},[33,6941,6942],{},[15,6943,3354],{},[33,6945,6946],{},[15,6947,5860],{},[33,6949,6950],{},[15,6951,3373],{},[33,6953,6954],{},[15,6955,6956],{},"()",[33,6958,6959],{},[15,6960,3378],{},[33,6962,6963],{},[15,6964,3383],{},[33,6966,6967],{},[15,6968,3364],{},[20,6970,714],{},[64,6972,6974],{"className":66,"code":6973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6975,6976,6990,7004,7018,7028,7038,7049,7063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6977,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6979,102],{"class":101},[73,6981,106],{"class":105},[73,6983,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6985,106],{"class":105},[73,6987,1710],{"class":315},[73,6989,118],{"class":105},[73,6991,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,6993,102],{"class":101},[73,6995,106],{"class":105},[73,6997,3454],{"class":1270},[73,6999,106],{"class":105},[73,7001,3354],{"class":315},[73,7003,118],{"class":105},[73,7005,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7007,102],{"class":101},[73,7009,106],{"class":105},[73,7011,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7013,106],{"class":105},[73,7015,5860],{"class":87},[73,7017,118],{"class":105},[73,7019,7020,7022,7024,7026],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7021,102],{"class":101},[73,7023,106],{"class":105},[73,7025,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7027,4016],{"class":105},[73,7029,7030,7032,7034,7036],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,7031,102],{"class":101},[73,7033,106],{"class":105},[73,7035,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7037,4074],{"class":105},[73,7039,7040,7042,7044,7046],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,7041,102],{"class":101},[73,7043,106],{"class":105},[73,7045,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7047,7048],{"class":105},"({}))\n",[73,7050,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,7052,102],{"class":101},[73,7054,106],{"class":105},[73,7056,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7058,106],{"class":105},[73,7060,5875],{"class":1270},[73,7062,5878],{"class":105},[73,7064,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,7066,102],{"class":101},[73,7068,106],{"class":105},[73,7070,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7072,106],{"class":105},[73,7074,3364],{"class":3438},[73,7076,118],{"class":105},[20,7078,1660],{},[64,7080,7082],{"className":66,"code":7081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7083,7084,7088,7092,7096,7100,7104,7108,7112],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7085,7086],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7087,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7089,7090],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7091,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7093,7094],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7095,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7097,7098],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7099,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7101,7102],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,7103,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7105,7106],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,7107,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7109,7110],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,7111,3627],{"class":3438},[73,7113,7114],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,7115,3627],{"class":3438},[59,7117,7119],{"id":7118},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7121,7122,7123,7125,7126,6930],{},"Many values become ",[15,7124,3190],{},". These are often called ",[55,7127,5180],{},[20,7129,6933],{},[30,7131,7132,7135,7138,7141,7144,7147],{},[33,7133,7134],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7136,7137],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7139,7140],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7142,7143],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7145,7146],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7148,7149],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7151,714],{},[64,7153,7155],{"className":66,"code":7154,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7156,7157,7171,7187,7205,7227,7245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7158,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167,7169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7160,102],{"class":101},[73,7162,106],{"class":105},[73,7164,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7166,106],{"class":105},[73,7168,1727],{"class":315},[73,7170,118],{"class":105},[73,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7174,102],{"class":101},[73,7176,106],{"class":105},[73,7178,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7180,106],{"class":105},[73,7182,1611],{"class":83},[73,7184,1646],{"class":315},[73,7186,118],{"class":105},[73,7188,7189,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7190,102],{"class":101},[73,7192,106],{"class":105},[73,7194,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7196,106],{"class":105},[73,7198,384],{"class":87},[73,7200,92],{"class":91},[73,7202,384],{"class":87},[73,7204,118],{"class":105},[73,7206,7207,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7208,102],{"class":101},[73,7210,106],{"class":105},[73,7212,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7214,401],{"class":105},[73,7216,404],{"class":315},[73,7218,149],{"class":105},[73,7220,409],{"class":315},[73,7222,149],{"class":105},[73,7224,414],{"class":315},[73,7226,417],{"class":105},[73,7228,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,7230,102],{"class":101},[73,7232,106],{"class":105},[73,7234,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7236,5097],{"class":105},[73,7238,404],{"class":315},[73,7240,149],{"class":105},[73,7242,409],{"class":315},[73,7244,2503],{"class":105},[73,7246,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,7248,102],{"class":101},[73,7250,106],{"class":105},[73,7252,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7254,5116],{"class":105},[73,7256,384],{"class":87},[73,7258,115],{"class":91},[73,7260,384],{"class":87},[73,7262,2475],{"class":105},[73,7264,88],{"class":87},[73,7266,327],{"class":91},[73,7268,384],{"class":87},[73,7270,5125],{"class":105},[20,7272,1660],{},[64,7274,7276],{"className":66,"code":7275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7277,7278,7282,7286,7290,7294,7298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7279,7280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7281,3566],{"class":3438},[73,7283,7284],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7285,3566],{"class":3438},[73,7287,7288],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7289,3566],{"class":3438},[73,7291,7292],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7293,3566],{"class":3438},[73,7295,7296],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,7297,3566],{"class":3438},[73,7299,7300],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,7301,3566],{"class":3438},[20,7303,7304],{},"One important example is this:",[64,7306,7308],{"className":66,"code":7307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7309,7310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7311,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7313,102],{"class":101},[73,7315,106],{"class":105},[73,7317,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7319,106],{"class":105},[73,7321,384],{"class":87},[73,7323,3260],{"class":91},[73,7325,384],{"class":87},[73,7327,118],{"class":105},[20,7329,1660],{},[64,7331,7332],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7333,7334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7335,7336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7337,3566],{"class":3438},[20,7339,7340,7341,7343,7344,817],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7342,6270],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7345,3190],{},[59,7347,7349],{"id":7348},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7351,7352,7353,7355],{},"You can use ",[15,7354,3399],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[292,7357,7359],{"id":7358},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[64,7361,7363],{"className":66,"code":7362,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7364,7365,7388],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7366,7367,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7381,7383,7386],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7368,7369],{"class":79},"items ",[73,7371,84],{"class":83},[73,7373,528],{"class":105},[73,7375,1920],{"class":315},[73,7377,149],{"class":105},[73,7379,7380],{"class":315}," 20",[73,7382,149],{"class":105},[73,7384,7385],{"class":315}," 30",[73,7387,229],{"class":105},[73,7389,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7401],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7391,102],{"class":101},[73,7393,106],{"class":105},[73,7395,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7397,106],{"class":105},[73,7399,7400],{"class":114},"items",[73,7402,118],{"class":105},[20,7404,1660],{},[64,7406,7407],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7408,7409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7410,7411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7412,3566],{"class":3438},[20,7414,7415],{},"With an empty list:",[64,7417,7419],{"className":66,"code":7418,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7420,7421,7430],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7422,7423,7425,7427],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7424,7369],{"class":79},[73,7426,84],{"class":83},[73,7428,7429],{"class":105}," []\n",[73,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7433,102],{"class":101},[73,7435,106],{"class":105},[73,7437,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7439,106],{"class":105},[73,7441,7400],{"class":114},[73,7443,118],{"class":105},[20,7445,1660],{},[64,7447,7448],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7449,7450],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7451,7452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7453,3627],{"class":3438},[292,7455,7457],{"id":7456},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[64,7459,7461],{"className":66,"code":7460,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7462,7463,7472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7464,7465,7467,7469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7466,80],{"class":79},[73,7468,84],{"class":83},[73,7470,7471],{"class":87}," \"\"\n",[73,7473,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7475,102],{"class":101},[73,7477,106],{"class":105},[73,7479,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7481,106],{"class":105},[73,7483,115],{"class":114},[73,7485,118],{"class":105},[20,7487,1660],{},[64,7489,7490],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7491,7492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7493,7494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7495,3627],{"class":3438},[64,7497,7499],{"className":66,"code":7498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7500,7501,7514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7502,7503,7505,7507,7509,7512],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7504,80],{"class":79},[73,7506,84],{"class":83},[73,7508,88],{"class":87},[73,7510,7511],{"class":91},"Mia",[73,7513,95],{"class":87},[73,7515,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7517,102],{"class":101},[73,7519,106],{"class":105},[73,7521,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7523,106],{"class":105},[73,7525,115],{"class":114},[73,7527,118],{"class":105},[20,7529,1660],{},[64,7531,7532],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7533,7534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7535,7536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7537,3566],{"class":3438},[292,7539,7541],{"id":7540},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[64,7543,7545],{"className":66,"code":7544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7546,7547,7561,7578,7582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7548,7549,7552,7554,7556,7559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7550,7551],{"class":79},"username ",[73,7553,84],{"class":83},[73,7555,88],{"class":87},[73,7557,7558],{"class":91},"alex",[73,7560,95],{"class":87},[73,7562,7563,7566,7568,7571,7573,7576],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7564,7565],{"class":79},"has_name ",[73,7567,84],{"class":83},[73,7569,7570],{"class":1270}," bool",[73,7572,106],{"class":105},[73,7574,7575],{"class":114},"username",[73,7577,854],{"class":105},[73,7579,7580],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7581,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,7583,7584,7586,7588,7591],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7585,102],{"class":101},[73,7587,106],{"class":105},[73,7589,7590],{"class":114},"has_name",[73,7592,854],{"class":105},[20,7594,1660],{},[64,7596,7597],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7598,7599],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7600,7601],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7602,3566],{"class":3438},[20,7604,7605,7606,2468,7608,7610],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7607,3190],{},[15,7609,3260],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[292,7612,7614],{"id":7613},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7616,7617],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[64,7619,7621],{"className":66,"code":7620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7622,7623,7643,7647,7655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7626,523],{"class":79},[73,7628,84],{"class":83},[73,7630,528],{"class":105},[73,7632,404],{"class":315},[73,7634,149],{"class":105},[73,7636,409],{"class":315},[73,7638,149],{"class":105},[73,7640,414],{"class":315},[73,7642,229],{"class":105},[73,7644,7645],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7646,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,7648,7649,7651,7653],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7650,6588],{"class":646},[73,7652,3851],{"class":79},[73,7654,5982],{"class":105},[73,7656,7657,7660,7662,7664,7667,7669],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7658,7659],{"class":101},"    print",[73,7661,106],{"class":105},[73,7663,384],{"class":87},[73,7665,7666],{"class":91},"The list is not empty",[73,7668,384],{"class":87},[73,7670,854],{"class":105},[20,7672,1660],{},[64,7674,7676],{"className":66,"code":7675,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7677,7678],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7679,7680,7682,7685,7688,7691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7681,1569],{"class":79},[73,7683,7684],{"class":1270},"list",[73,7686,7687],{"class":83}," is",[73,7689,7690],{"class":83}," not",[73,7692,7693],{"class":79}," empty\n",[20,7695,7696,7697,817],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[587,7698,7700],{"href":7699},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[59,7702,7704],{"id":7703},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7706,7707,7708,7710],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7709,3399],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7712,7713],{},"It does not do that.",[292,7715,7717,1987,7720],{"id":7716},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7718,7719],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7721,3190],{},[64,7723,7724],{"className":66,"code":7307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7725,7726],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7729,102],{"class":101},[73,7731,106],{"class":105},[73,7733,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7735,106],{"class":105},[73,7737,384],{"class":87},[73,7739,3260],{"class":91},[73,7741,384],{"class":87},[73,7743,118],{"class":105},[20,7745,1660],{},[64,7747,7748],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7749,7750],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7751,7752],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7753,3566],{"class":3438},[292,7755,7757,1987,7760],{"id":7756},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7758,7759],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7761,3190],{},[64,7763,7765],{"className":66,"code":7764,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7766,7767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7768,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7770,102],{"class":101},[73,7772,106],{"class":105},[73,7774,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7776,106],{"class":105},[73,7778,384],{"class":87},[73,7780,1710],{"class":91},[73,7782,384],{"class":87},[73,7784,118],{"class":105},[20,7786,1660],{},[64,7788,7789],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7790,7791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7792,7793],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7794,3566],{"class":3438},[20,7796,7797,7798,817],{},"This happens because both values are ",[55,7799,7137],{},[20,7801,7802,7804],{},[15,7803,3399],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7806,7807,7808,7813,7814,7816],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[587,7809,7811],{"href":7810},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7812,2549],{},", because ",[15,7815,2549],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7818,714],{},[64,7820,7822],{"className":66,"code":7821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7823,7824,7845],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7825,7826,7829,7831,7834,7836,7838,7841,7843],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7827,7828],{"class":79},"user_value ",[73,7830,84],{"class":83},[73,7832,7833],{"class":101}," input",[73,7835,106],{"class":105},[73,7837,384],{"class":87},[73,7839,7840],{"class":91},"Enter True or False: ",[73,7842,384],{"class":87},[73,7844,854],{"class":105},[73,7846,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7858],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7848,102],{"class":101},[73,7850,106],{"class":105},[73,7852,3454],{"class":1270},[73,7854,106],{"class":105},[73,7856,7857],{"class":114},"user_value",[73,7859,118],{"class":105},[20,7861,7862,7863,7865,7866,7813,7868,7870],{},"If the user types ",[15,7864,3260],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7867,3190],{},[15,7869,6270],{}," is not empty.",[59,7872,7874],{"id":7873},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7876,7877,7878,7880,7881,7883],{},"In many ",[15,7879,6588],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7882,3399],{}," yourself.",[20,7885,7886],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7888,7889],{},"Instead of this:",[64,7891,7893],{"className":66,"code":7892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7894,7895,7916,7920,7934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7896,7897,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7898,7899],{"class":79},"my_list ",[73,7901,84],{"class":83},[73,7903,528],{"class":105},[73,7905,404],{"class":315},[73,7907,149],{"class":105},[73,7909,409],{"class":315},[73,7911,149],{"class":105},[73,7913,414],{"class":315},[73,7915,229],{"class":105},[73,7917,7918],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7919,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,7921,7922,7924,7926,7928,7931],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7923,6588],{"class":646},[73,7925,7570],{"class":1270},[73,7927,106],{"class":105},[73,7929,7930],{"class":114},"my_list",[73,7932,7933],{"class":105},"):\n",[73,7935,7936,7938,7940,7942,7945,7947],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7937,7659],{"class":101},[73,7939,106],{"class":105},[73,7941,384],{"class":87},[73,7943,7944],{"class":91},"List has items",[73,7946,384],{"class":87},[73,7948,854],{"class":105},[20,7950,7951],{},"You can simply write:",[64,7953,7955],{"className":66,"code":7954,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7956,7957,7977,7981,7990],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7958,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7960,7899],{"class":79},[73,7962,84],{"class":83},[73,7964,528],{"class":105},[73,7966,404],{"class":315},[73,7968,149],{"class":105},[73,7970,409],{"class":315},[73,7972,149],{"class":105},[73,7974,414],{"class":315},[73,7976,229],{"class":105},[73,7978,7979],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,7980,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,7982,7983,7985,7988],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,7984,6588],{"class":646},[73,7986,7987],{"class":79}," my_list",[73,7989,5982],{"class":105},[73,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000,8002],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,7993,7659],{"class":101},[73,7995,106],{"class":105},[73,7997,384],{"class":87},[73,7999,7944],{"class":91},[73,8001,384],{"class":87},[73,8003,854],{"class":105},[20,8005,8006],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8008,438,8009,8011],{},[15,8010,3399],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8013,8014,8017,8025],{},[33,8015,8016],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8018,8019,8020,2468,8022,8024],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8021,3190],{},[15,8023,3260],{}," value",[33,8026,8027],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8029,8030,8031,817],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[587,8032,8033],{"href":1889},"Python type() function explained",[59,8035,1207],{"id":1206},[20,8037,8038,8039,817],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8040,3399],{},[292,8042,8044,8045,8047,8048],{"id":8043},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8046,7719],{}," to return ",[15,8049,3260],{},[20,8051,8052],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[64,8054,8055],{"className":66,"code":7307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8056,8057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8058,8059,8061,8063,8065,8067,8069,8071,8073],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8060,102],{"class":101},[73,8062,106],{"class":105},[73,8064,3454],{"class":1270},[73,8066,106],{"class":105},[73,8068,384],{"class":87},[73,8070,3260],{"class":91},[73,8072,384],{"class":87},[73,8074,118],{"class":105},[20,8076,1660],{},[64,8078,8079],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8080,8081],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8082,8083],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8084,3566],{"class":3438},[20,8086,8087,8088,6271],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8089,6270],{},[20,8091,8092],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[64,8094,8096],{"className":66,"code":8095,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8097,8098,8110],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8099,8100,8102,8104,8106,8108],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8101,2037],{"class":79},[73,8103,84],{"class":83},[73,8105,88],{"class":87},[73,8107,3260],{"class":91},[73,8109,95],{"class":87},[73,8111,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8113,102],{"class":101},[73,8115,106],{"class":105},[73,8117,2037],{"class":114},[73,8119,4277],{"class":83},[73,8121,88],{"class":87},[73,8123,3190],{"class":91},[73,8125,384],{"class":87},[73,8127,854],{"class":105},[20,8129,1660],{},[64,8131,8132],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8133,8134],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8135,8136],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8137,3627],{"class":3438},[292,8139,8141],{"id":8140},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8143,8144,8146],{},[15,8145,2549],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[64,8148,8150],{"className":66,"code":8149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8151,8152,8171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8153,8154,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8167,8169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8155,2037],{"class":79},[73,8157,84],{"class":83},[73,8159,7833],{"class":101},[73,8161,106],{"class":105},[73,8163,384],{"class":87},[73,8165,8166],{"class":91},"Enter yes or no: ",[73,8168,384],{"class":87},[73,8170,854],{"class":105},[73,8172,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8174,102],{"class":101},[73,8176,106],{"class":105},[73,8178,3454],{"class":1270},[73,8180,106],{"class":105},[73,8182,2063],{"class":114},[73,8184,118],{"class":105},[20,8186,7862,8187,8190,8191,8193,8194,7870],{},[15,8188,8189],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8192,3190],{}," because ",[15,8195,8196],{},"\"no\"",[20,8198,8199],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[64,8201,8203],{"className":66,"code":8202,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8204,8205,8234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8206,8207,8209,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8224,8226,8229,8231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8208,2037],{"class":79},[73,8210,84],{"class":83},[73,8212,7833],{"class":101},[73,8214,106],{"class":105},[73,8216,384],{"class":87},[73,8218,8166],{"class":91},[73,8220,384],{"class":87},[73,8222,8223],{"class":105},").",[73,8225,506],{"class":114},[73,8227,8228],{"class":105},"().",[73,8230,206],{"class":114},[73,8232,8233],{"class":105},"()\n",[73,8235,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8249,8251],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8237,102],{"class":101},[73,8239,106],{"class":105},[73,8241,2037],{"class":114},[73,8243,4277],{"class":83},[73,8245,88],{"class":87},[73,8247,8248],{"class":91},"yes",[73,8250,384],{"class":87},[73,8252,854],{"class":105},[20,8254,8255,8256,8258,8259,817],{},"This gives ",[15,8257,3190],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8260,8248],{},[292,8262,8264],{"id":8263},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8266,8267],{},"These are different:",[30,8269,8270,8274,8278,8282,8286],{},[33,8271,8272],{},[15,8273,3260],{},[33,8275,8276],{},[15,8277,1710],{},[33,8279,8280],{},[15,8281,5860],{},[33,8283,8284],{},[15,8285,3373],{},[33,8287,8288],{},[15,8289,3364],{},[20,8291,8292,8293,8295,8296,8298],{},"They all become ",[15,8294,3260],{}," with ",[15,8297,3399],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8300,8301],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[64,8303,8305],{"className":66,"code":8304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8306,8307,8315,8329],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8308,8309,8311,8313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8310,2037],{"class":79},[73,8312,84],{"class":83},[73,8314,7429],{"class":105},[73,8316,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325,8327],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8318,102],{"class":101},[73,8320,106],{"class":105},[73,8322,1271],{"class":1270},[73,8324,106],{"class":105},[73,8326,2063],{"class":114},[73,8328,118],{"class":105},[73,8330,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,8332,102],{"class":101},[73,8334,106],{"class":105},[73,8336,3454],{"class":1270},[73,8338,106],{"class":105},[73,8340,2063],{"class":114},[73,8342,118],{"class":105},[20,8344,1660],{},[64,8346,8348],{"className":66,"code":8347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8349,8350,8364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8351,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8353,2879],{"class":83},[73,8355,2882],{"class":633},[73,8357,152],{"class":87},[73,8359,7684],{"class":91},[73,8361,141],{"class":87},[73,8363,2891],{"class":83},[73,8365,8366],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8367,3627],{"class":3438},[292,8369,438,8371,8373],{"id":8370},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8372,3378],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8375,8376,8377,8379],{},"In Python, ",[15,8378,3378],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[64,8381,8383],{"className":66,"code":8382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8384,8385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8388,102],{"class":101},[73,8390,106],{"class":105},[73,8392,1271],{"class":1270},[73,8394,7048],{"class":105},[20,8396,1660],{},[64,8398,8400],{"className":66,"code":8399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8401,8402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8403,8404,8406,8408,8410,8413,8415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8405,2879],{"class":83},[73,8407,2882],{"class":633},[73,8409,152],{"class":87},[73,8411,8412],{"class":91},"dict",[73,8414,141],{"class":87},[73,8416,2891],{"class":83},[20,8418,8419],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[64,8421,8423],{"className":66,"code":8422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8424,8425],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8426,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8428,102],{"class":101},[73,8430,106],{"class":105},[73,8432,1271],{"class":1270},[73,8434,106],{"class":105},[73,8436,5875],{"class":1270},[73,8438,5878],{"class":105},[20,8440,1660],{},[64,8442,8444],{"className":66,"code":8443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8445,8446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8447,8448,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8449,2879],{"class":83},[73,8451,2882],{"class":633},[73,8453,152],{"class":87},[73,8455,5875],{"class":91},[73,8457,141],{"class":87},[73,8459,2891],{"class":83},[59,8461,8463],{"id":8462},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8465,8466,8467,8469],{},"If ",[15,8468,3399],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[64,8471,8473],{"className":66,"code":8472,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8474,8475,8489,8503,8513,8531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8476,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485,8487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8478,102],{"class":101},[73,8480,106],{"class":105},[73,8482,3454],{"class":1270},[73,8484,106],{"class":105},[73,8486,2063],{"class":114},[73,8488,118],{"class":105},[73,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8492,102],{"class":101},[73,8494,106],{"class":105},[73,8496,1271],{"class":1270},[73,8498,106],{"class":105},[73,8500,2063],{"class":114},[73,8502,118],{"class":105},[73,8504,8505,8507,8509,8511],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,8506,102],{"class":101},[73,8508,106],{"class":105},[73,8510,2063],{"class":114},[73,8512,854],{"class":105},[73,8514,8515,8517,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,8516,102],{"class":101},[73,8518,106],{"class":105},[73,8520,2037],{"class":114},[73,8522,4277],{"class":83},[73,8524,88],{"class":87},[73,8526,3190],{"class":91},[73,8528,384],{"class":87},[73,8530,854],{"class":105},[73,8532,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,8534,102],{"class":101},[73,8536,106],{"class":105},[73,8538,2063],{"class":114},[73,8540,817],{"class":105},[73,8542,506],{"class":114},[73,8544,8228],{"class":105},[73,8546,206],{"class":114},[73,8548,348],{"class":105},[20,8550,8551],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8553,8554,8557,8560,8563],{},[33,8555,8556],{},"what the value really is",[33,8558,8559],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8561,8562],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8564,8565],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8567,8568,8569,817],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[587,8570,8572],{"href":8571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[59,8574,1405],{"id":1404},[292,8576,8578],{"id":8577},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8580,8581,8582,2468,8584,817],{},"It returns either ",[15,8583,3190],{},[15,8585,3260],{},[292,8587,8589],{"id":8588},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8591,4737,8592,817],{},[15,8593,3260],{},[292,8595,8597],{"id":8596},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8599,8600,8601,817],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8602,3190],{},[292,8604,8606],{"id":8605},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8608,8609,8610,817],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8611,3260],{},[292,8613,8615],{"id":8614},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8617,8618,8619,2468,8621,3323],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8620,3190],{},[15,8622,3260],{},[59,8624,1461],{"id":1460},[30,8626,8627,8632,8636,8641,8645,8650],{},[33,8628,8629],{},[587,8630,8631],{"href":5364},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8633,8634],{},[587,8635,7700],{"href":7699},[33,8637,8638],{},[587,8639,8640],{"href":7810},"Python input() function explained",[33,8642,8643],{},[587,8644,8033],{"href":1889},[33,8646,8647],{},[587,8648,8649],{"href":8571},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8651,8652],{},[587,8653,8654],{"href":6800},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1500,8656,8657],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":8659},[8660,8661,8662,8663,8664,8665,8671,8677,8678,8686,8687,8694],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":6738,"depth":98,"text":6739},{"id":6804,"depth":98,"text":6805},{"id":6923,"depth":98,"text":6924},{"id":7118,"depth":98,"text":7119},{"id":7348,"depth":98,"text":7349,"children":8666},[8667,8668,8669,8670],{"id":7358,"depth":332,"text":7359},{"id":7456,"depth":332,"text":7457},{"id":7540,"depth":332,"text":7541},{"id":7613,"depth":332,"text":7614},{"id":7703,"depth":98,"text":7704,"children":8672},[8673,8675],{"id":7716,"depth":332,"text":8674},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7756,"depth":332,"text":8676},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7873,"depth":98,"text":7874},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":8679},[8680,8682,8683,8684],{"id":8043,"depth":332,"text":8681},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8140,"depth":332,"text":8141},{"id":8263,"depth":332,"text":8264},{"id":8370,"depth":332,"text":8685},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8462,"depth":98,"text":8463},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":8688},[8689,8690,8691,8692,8693],{"id":8577,"depth":332,"text":8578},{"id":8588,"depth":332,"text":8589},{"id":8596,"depth":332,"text":8597},{"id":8605,"depth":332,"text":8606},{"id":8614,"depth":332,"text":8615},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6565,"description":8695},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8702,"title":8703,"body":8704,"description":10898,"extension":1552,"meta":10899,"navigation":335,"path":10900,"seo":10901,"stem":10902,"__hash__":10903},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8705,"toc":10860},[8706,8712,8718,8725,8730,8741,8748,8857,8861,8930,8935,8940,8945,8948,8959,8964,8967,8978,8985,8987,8992,8996,9021,9025,9034,9038,9101,9105,9138,9142,9187,9191,9228,9232,9235,9291,9295,9341,9344,9349,9388,9392,9415,9418,9432,9444,9448,9453,9520,9524,9560,9563,9571,9574,9638,9642,9674,9680,9682,9742,9749,9752,9830,9834,9867,9871,9874,9918,9922,9958,9961,9978,9981,9984,10037,10040,10051,10058,10067,10070,10128,10132,10173,10180,10188,10194,10202,10214,10219,10230,10303,10306,10318,10334,10338,10343,10347,10349,10392,10398,10401,10464,10468,10471,10480,10485,10522,10526,10529,10537,10540,10579,10583,10586,10637,10641,10662,10669,10671,10677,10704,10707,10762,10765,10776,10778,10785,10793,10799,10804,10811,10814,10821,10828,10830,10857],[10,8707,13,8709,18],{"id":8708},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8710,8711],{},"dict()",[20,8713,8714,8715,8717],{},"The built-in ",[15,8716,8711],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8719,8720,8721,8724],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[55,8722,8723],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8726,8727,8729],{},[15,8728,8711],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8731,8732,8735,8738],{},[33,8733,8734],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8736,8737],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8739,8740],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8742,8743,8744,817],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[587,8745,8747],{"href":8746},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[64,8749,8751],{"className":66,"code":8750,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8752,8753,8788,8799,8803,8842],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8754,8755,8758,8760,8763,8765,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778,8781,8783,8786],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8756,8757],{"class":79},"data ",[73,8759,84],{"class":83},[73,8761,8762],{"class":1270}," dict",[73,8764,106],{"class":105},[73,8766,115],{"class":8767},"s99_P",[73,8769,84],{"class":83},[73,8771,141],{"class":87},[73,8773,4594],{"class":91},[73,8775,141],{"class":87},[73,8777,149],{"class":105},[73,8779,8780],{"class":8767}," age",[73,8782,84],{"class":83},[73,8784,8785],{"class":315},"25",[73,8787,854],{"class":105},[73,8789,8790,8792,8794,8797],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8791,102],{"class":101},[73,8793,106],{"class":105},[73,8795,8796],{"class":114},"data",[73,8798,854],{"class":105},[73,8800,8801],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,8802,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,8804,8805,8808,8810,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823,8826,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,8806,8807],{"class":79},"pairs ",[73,8809,84],{"class":83},[73,8811,8812],{"class":105}," [(",[73,8814,141],{"class":87},[73,8816,587],{"class":91},[73,8818,141],{"class":87},[73,8820,149],{"class":105},[73,8822,5084],{"class":315},[73,8824,8825],{"class":105},"),",[73,8827,8828],{"class":105}," (",[73,8830,141],{"class":87},[73,8832,4350],{"class":91},[73,8834,141],{"class":87},[73,8836,149],{"class":105},[73,8838,409],{"class":315},[73,8840,8841],{"class":105},")]\n",[73,8843,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852,8855],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,8845,102],{"class":101},[73,8847,106],{"class":105},[73,8849,8412],{"class":1270},[73,8851,106],{"class":105},[73,8853,8854],{"class":114},"pairs",[73,8856,118],{"class":105},[20,8858,8859],{},[55,8860,1660],{},[64,8862,8864],{"className":66,"code":8863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8865,8866,8902],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8867,8868,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8892,8894,8896,8899],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8869,8870],{"class":105},"{",[73,8872,141],{"class":87},[73,8874,115],{"class":91},[73,8876,141],{"class":87},[73,8878,2475],{"class":105},[73,8880,152],{"class":87},[73,8882,4594],{"class":91},[73,8884,141],{"class":87},[73,8886,149],{"class":105},[73,8888,152],{"class":87},[73,8890,8891],{"class":91},"age",[73,8893,141],{"class":87},[73,8895,2475],{"class":105},[73,8897,8898],{"class":315}," 25",[73,8900,8901],{"class":105},"}\n",[73,8903,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,8905,8870],{"class":105},[73,8907,141],{"class":87},[73,8909,587],{"class":91},[73,8911,141],{"class":87},[73,8913,2475],{"class":105},[73,8915,5084],{"class":315},[73,8917,149],{"class":105},[73,8919,152],{"class":87},[73,8921,4350],{"class":91},[73,8923,141],{"class":87},[73,8925,2475],{"class":105},[73,8927,409],{"class":315},[73,8929,8901],{"class":105},[20,8931,121,8932,8934],{},[15,8933,8711],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[59,8936,236,8938,239],{"id":8937},"what-dict-does",[15,8939,8711],{},[20,8941,8942,8944],{},[15,8943,8711],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8946,8947],{},"A dictionary:",[30,8949,8950,8953,8956],{},[33,8951,8952],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,8954,8955],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,8957,8958],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8960,8961,8963],{},[15,8962,8711],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8965,8966],{},"Common uses include:",[30,8968,8969,8972,8975],{},[33,8970,8971],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,8973,8974],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,8976,8977],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8979,8980,8981,817],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[587,8982,8984],{"href":8983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[59,8986,285],{"id":284},[20,8988,8989,8991],{},[15,8990,8711],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[292,8993,8995],{"id":8994},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[64,8997,8999],{"className":66,"code":8998,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9000,9001,9011],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9002,9003,9005,9007,9009],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9004,8757],{"class":79},[73,9006,84],{"class":83},[73,9008,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9010,8233],{"class":105},[73,9012,9013,9015,9017,9019],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9014,102],{"class":101},[73,9016,106],{"class":105},[73,9018,8796],{"class":114},[73,9020,854],{"class":105},[20,9022,9023],{},[55,9024,1660],{},[64,9026,9028],{"className":66,"code":9027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{}\n",[15,9029,9030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9031,9032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9033,9027],{"class":105},[292,9035,9037],{"id":9036},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[64,9039,9041],{"className":66,"code":9040,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9042,9043,9077,9091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9044,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9046,8807],{"class":79},[73,9048,84],{"class":83},[73,9050,8812],{"class":105},[73,9052,141],{"class":87},[73,9054,587],{"class":91},[73,9056,141],{"class":87},[73,9058,149],{"class":105},[73,9060,5084],{"class":315},[73,9062,8825],{"class":105},[73,9064,8828],{"class":105},[73,9066,141],{"class":87},[73,9068,4350],{"class":91},[73,9070,141],{"class":87},[73,9072,149],{"class":105},[73,9074,409],{"class":315},[73,9076,8841],{"class":105},[73,9078,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9080,8757],{"class":79},[73,9082,84],{"class":83},[73,9084,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9086,106],{"class":105},[73,9088,8854],{"class":114},[73,9090,854],{"class":105},[73,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,9094,102],{"class":101},[73,9096,106],{"class":105},[73,9098,8796],{"class":114},[73,9100,854],{"class":105},[20,9102,9103],{},[55,9104,1660],{},[64,9106,9108],{"className":66,"code":9107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9109,9110],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9113,8870],{"class":105},[73,9115,141],{"class":87},[73,9117,587],{"class":91},[73,9119,141],{"class":87},[73,9121,2475],{"class":105},[73,9123,5084],{"class":315},[73,9125,149],{"class":105},[73,9127,152],{"class":87},[73,9129,4350],{"class":91},[73,9131,141],{"class":87},[73,9133,2475],{"class":105},[73,9135,409],{"class":315},[73,9137,8901],{"class":105},[292,9139,9141],{"id":9140},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[64,9143,9145],{"className":66,"code":9144,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9146,9147,9177],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9148,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9150,8757],{"class":79},[73,9152,84],{"class":83},[73,9154,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9156,106],{"class":105},[73,9158,115],{"class":8767},[73,9160,84],{"class":83},[73,9162,141],{"class":87},[73,9164,4594],{"class":91},[73,9166,141],{"class":87},[73,9168,149],{"class":105},[73,9170,8780],{"class":8767},[73,9172,84],{"class":83},[73,9174,8785],{"class":315},[73,9176,854],{"class":105},[73,9178,9179,9181,9183,9185],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9180,102],{"class":101},[73,9182,106],{"class":105},[73,9184,8796],{"class":114},[73,9186,854],{"class":105},[20,9188,9189],{},[55,9190,1660],{},[64,9192,9194],{"className":66,"code":9193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9195,9196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9197,9198,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9199,8870],{"class":105},[73,9201,141],{"class":87},[73,9203,115],{"class":91},[73,9205,141],{"class":87},[73,9207,2475],{"class":105},[73,9209,152],{"class":87},[73,9211,4594],{"class":91},[73,9213,141],{"class":87},[73,9215,149],{"class":105},[73,9217,152],{"class":87},[73,9219,8891],{"class":91},[73,9221,141],{"class":87},[73,9223,2475],{"class":105},[73,9225,8898],{"class":315},[73,9227,8901],{"class":105},[292,9229,9231],{"id":9230},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9233,9234],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[64,9236,9238],{"className":66,"code":9237,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9239,9240,9281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9241,9242,9244,9246,9248,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9275,9277,9279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9243,8757],{"class":79},[73,9245,84],{"class":83},[73,9247,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9249,9250],{"class":105},"([(",[73,9252,141],{"class":87},[73,9254,587],{"class":91},[73,9256,141],{"class":87},[73,9258,149],{"class":105},[73,9260,5084],{"class":315},[73,9262,9263],{"class":105},")],",[73,9265,2150],{"class":8767},[73,9267,84],{"class":83},[73,9269,1646],{"class":315},[73,9271,149],{"class":105},[73,9273,9274],{"class":8767}," c",[73,9276,84],{"class":83},[73,9278,1652],{"class":315},[73,9280,854],{"class":105},[73,9282,9283,9285,9287,9289],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9284,102],{"class":101},[73,9286,106],{"class":105},[73,9288,8796],{"class":114},[73,9290,854],{"class":105},[20,9292,9293],{},[55,9294,1660],{},[64,9296,9298],{"className":66,"code":9297,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9299,9300],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9301,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9333,9335,9337,9339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9303,8870],{"class":105},[73,9305,141],{"class":87},[73,9307,587],{"class":91},[73,9309,141],{"class":87},[73,9311,2475],{"class":105},[73,9313,5084],{"class":315},[73,9315,149],{"class":105},[73,9317,152],{"class":87},[73,9319,4350],{"class":91},[73,9321,141],{"class":87},[73,9323,2475],{"class":105},[73,9325,409],{"class":315},[73,9327,149],{"class":105},[73,9329,152],{"class":87},[73,9331,9332],{"class":91},"c",[73,9334,141],{"class":87},[73,9336,2475],{"class":105},[73,9338,414],{"class":315},[73,9340,8901],{"class":105},[59,9342,8995],{"id":9343},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9345,121,9346,9348],{},[15,9347,8711],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[64,9350,9352],{"className":66,"code":9351,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9353,9354,9364,9378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9355,9356,9358,9360,9362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9357,8757],{"class":79},[73,9359,84],{"class":83},[73,9361,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9363,8233],{"class":105},[73,9365,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9367,102],{"class":101},[73,9369,106],{"class":105},[73,9371,1271],{"class":1270},[73,9373,106],{"class":105},[73,9375,8796],{"class":114},[73,9377,118],{"class":105},[73,9379,9380,9382,9384,9386],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,9381,102],{"class":101},[73,9383,106],{"class":105},[73,9385,8796],{"class":114},[73,9387,854],{"class":105},[20,9389,9390],{},[55,9391,1660],{},[64,9393,9395],{"className":66,"code":9394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9396,9397,9411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9398,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9400,2879],{"class":83},[73,9402,2882],{"class":633},[73,9404,152],{"class":87},[73,9406,8412],{"class":91},[73,9408,141],{"class":87},[73,9410,2891],{"class":83},[73,9412,9413],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9414,9027],{"class":105},[20,9416,9417],{},"This gives the same result as:",[64,9419,9421],{"className":66,"code":9420,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n",[15,9422,9423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9424,9425,9427,9429],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9426,8757],{"class":79},[73,9428,84],{"class":83},[73,9430,9431],{"class":105}," {}\n",[20,9433,9434,9435,9437,9438,9440,9441,9443],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9436,3378],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[1103,9439],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9442,8711],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[59,9445,9447],{"id":9446},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9449,9450,9451,817],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9452,8711],{},[64,9454,9456],{"className":66,"code":9455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9457,9458,9496,9510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9459,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9461,8807],{"class":79},[73,9463,84],{"class":83},[73,9465,8812],{"class":105},[73,9467,141],{"class":87},[73,9469,115],{"class":91},[73,9471,141],{"class":87},[73,9473,149],{"class":105},[73,9475,152],{"class":87},[73,9477,4594],{"class":91},[73,9479,141],{"class":87},[73,9481,8825],{"class":105},[73,9483,8828],{"class":105},[73,9485,141],{"class":87},[73,9487,8891],{"class":91},[73,9489,141],{"class":87},[73,9491,149],{"class":105},[73,9493,8898],{"class":315},[73,9495,8841],{"class":105},[73,9497,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9499,8757],{"class":79},[73,9501,84],{"class":83},[73,9503,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9505,106],{"class":105},[73,9507,8854],{"class":114},[73,9509,854],{"class":105},[73,9511,9512,9514,9516,9518],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,9513,102],{"class":101},[73,9515,106],{"class":105},[73,9517,8796],{"class":114},[73,9519,854],{"class":105},[20,9521,9522],{},[55,9523,1660],{},[64,9525,9526],{"className":66,"code":9193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,9527,9528],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9529,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9531,8870],{"class":105},[73,9533,141],{"class":87},[73,9535,115],{"class":91},[73,9537,141],{"class":87},[73,9539,2475],{"class":105},[73,9541,152],{"class":87},[73,9543,4594],{"class":91},[73,9545,141],{"class":87},[73,9547,149],{"class":105},[73,9549,152],{"class":87},[73,9551,8891],{"class":91},[73,9553,141],{"class":87},[73,9555,2475],{"class":105},[73,9557,8898],{"class":315},[73,9559,8901],{"class":105},[20,9561,9562],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9564,9565,9568],{},[33,9566,9567],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9569,9570],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9572,9573],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[64,9575,9577],{"className":66,"code":9576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9578,9579,9614,9628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9580,9581,9583,9585,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9582,8807],{"class":79},[73,9584,84],{"class":83},[73,9586,9587],{"class":105}," ((",[73,9589,141],{"class":87},[73,9591,587],{"class":91},[73,9593,141],{"class":87},[73,9595,149],{"class":105},[73,9597,5084],{"class":315},[73,9599,8825],{"class":105},[73,9601,8828],{"class":105},[73,9603,141],{"class":87},[73,9605,4350],{"class":91},[73,9607,141],{"class":87},[73,9609,149],{"class":105},[73,9611,409],{"class":315},[73,9613,118],{"class":105},[73,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9617,8757],{"class":79},[73,9619,84],{"class":83},[73,9621,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9623,106],{"class":105},[73,9625,8854],{"class":114},[73,9627,854],{"class":105},[73,9629,9630,9632,9634,9636],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,9631,102],{"class":101},[73,9633,106],{"class":105},[73,9635,8796],{"class":114},[73,9637,854],{"class":105},[20,9639,9640],{},[55,9641,1660],{},[64,9643,9644],{"className":66,"code":9107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,9645,9646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9647,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9649,8870],{"class":105},[73,9651,141],{"class":87},[73,9653,587],{"class":91},[73,9655,141],{"class":87},[73,9657,2475],{"class":105},[73,9659,5084],{"class":315},[73,9661,149],{"class":105},[73,9663,152],{"class":87},[73,9665,4350],{"class":91},[73,9667,141],{"class":87},[73,9669,2475],{"class":105},[73,9671,409],{"class":315},[73,9673,8901],{"class":105},[20,9675,9676,9677,817],{},"Each item must contain ",[55,9678,9679],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9681,2426],{},[64,9683,9685],{"className":66,"code":9684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9686,9687,9727],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9688,9689,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9690,9691],{"class":79},"bad_data ",[73,9693,84],{"class":83},[73,9695,8812],{"class":105},[73,9697,141],{"class":87},[73,9699,587],{"class":91},[73,9701,141],{"class":87},[73,9703,149],{"class":105},[73,9705,5084],{"class":315},[73,9707,149],{"class":105},[73,9709,9710],{"class":315}," 100",[73,9712,8825],{"class":105},[73,9714,8828],{"class":105},[73,9716,141],{"class":87},[73,9718,4350],{"class":91},[73,9720,141],{"class":87},[73,9722,149],{"class":105},[73,9724,409],{"class":315},[73,9726,8841],{"class":105},[73,9728,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9740],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9730,1819],{"class":79},[73,9732,84],{"class":83},[73,9734,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9736,106],{"class":105},[73,9738,9739],{"class":114},"bad_data",[73,9741,854],{"class":105},[20,9743,9744,9745,9748],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9746,9747],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9750,9751],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[64,9753,9755],{"className":66,"code":9754,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9756,9757,9806,9820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9760,8807],{"class":79},[73,9762,84],{"class":83},[73,9764,8812],{"class":105},[73,9766,141],{"class":87},[73,9768,587],{"class":91},[73,9770,141],{"class":87},[73,9772,149],{"class":105},[73,9774,5084],{"class":315},[73,9776,8825],{"class":105},[73,9778,8828],{"class":105},[73,9780,141],{"class":87},[73,9782,587],{"class":91},[73,9784,141],{"class":87},[73,9786,149],{"class":105},[73,9788,9789],{"class":315}," 99",[73,9791,8825],{"class":105},[73,9793,8828],{"class":105},[73,9795,141],{"class":87},[73,9797,4350],{"class":91},[73,9799,141],{"class":87},[73,9801,149],{"class":105},[73,9803,409],{"class":315},[73,9805,8841],{"class":105},[73,9807,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9809,8757],{"class":79},[73,9811,84],{"class":83},[73,9813,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9815,106],{"class":105},[73,9817,8854],{"class":114},[73,9819,854],{"class":105},[73,9821,9822,9824,9826,9828],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,9823,102],{"class":101},[73,9825,106],{"class":105},[73,9827,8796],{"class":114},[73,9829,854],{"class":105},[20,9831,9832],{},[55,9833,1660],{},[64,9835,9837],{"className":66,"code":9836,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9838,9839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9842,8870],{"class":105},[73,9844,141],{"class":87},[73,9846,587],{"class":91},[73,9848,141],{"class":87},[73,9850,2475],{"class":105},[73,9852,9789],{"class":315},[73,9854,149],{"class":105},[73,9856,152],{"class":87},[73,9858,4350],{"class":91},[73,9860,141],{"class":87},[73,9862,2475],{"class":105},[73,9864,409],{"class":315},[73,9866,8901],{"class":105},[59,9868,9870],{"id":9869},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9872,9873],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[64,9875,9876],{"className":66,"code":9144,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,9877,9878,9908],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9879,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9881,8757],{"class":79},[73,9883,84],{"class":83},[73,9885,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9887,106],{"class":105},[73,9889,115],{"class":8767},[73,9891,84],{"class":83},[73,9893,141],{"class":87},[73,9895,4594],{"class":91},[73,9897,141],{"class":87},[73,9899,149],{"class":105},[73,9901,8780],{"class":8767},[73,9903,84],{"class":83},[73,9905,8785],{"class":315},[73,9907,854],{"class":105},[73,9909,9910,9912,9914,9916],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,9911,102],{"class":101},[73,9913,106],{"class":105},[73,9915,8796],{"class":114},[73,9917,854],{"class":105},[20,9919,9920],{},[55,9921,1660],{},[64,9923,9924],{"className":66,"code":9193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,9925,9926],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9927,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9929,8870],{"class":105},[73,9931,141],{"class":87},[73,9933,115],{"class":91},[73,9935,141],{"class":87},[73,9937,2475],{"class":105},[73,9939,152],{"class":87},[73,9941,4594],{"class":91},[73,9943,141],{"class":87},[73,9945,149],{"class":105},[73,9947,152],{"class":87},[73,9949,8891],{"class":91},[73,9951,141],{"class":87},[73,9953,2475],{"class":105},[73,9955,8898],{"class":315},[73,9957,8901],{"class":105},[20,9959,9960],{},"In this form:",[30,9962,9963,9971],{},[33,9964,9965,9967,9968],{},[15,9966,115],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9969,9970],{},"'name'",[33,9972,9973,9967,9975],{},[15,9974,8891],{},[15,9976,9977],{},"'age'",[20,9979,9980],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9982,9983],{},"Valid examples:",[64,9985,9987],{"className":66,"code":9986,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9988,9989,10027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9990,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10002,10004,10006,10009,10011,10013,10016,10018,10020,10023,10025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9992,8757],{"class":79},[73,9994,84],{"class":83},[73,9996,8762],{"class":1270},[73,9998,106],{"class":105},[73,10000,10001],{"class":8767},"city",[73,10003,84],{"class":83},[73,10005,141],{"class":87},[73,10007,10008],{"class":91},"Paris",[73,10010,141],{"class":87},[73,10012,149],{"class":105},[73,10014,10015],{"class":8767}," country",[73,10017,84],{"class":83},[73,10019,141],{"class":87},[73,10021,10022],{"class":91},"France",[73,10024,141],{"class":87},[73,10026,854],{"class":105},[73,10028,10029,10031,10033,10035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10030,102],{"class":101},[73,10032,106],{"class":105},[73,10034,8796],{"class":114},[73,10036,854],{"class":105},[20,10038,10039],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10041,10042,10045,10048],{},[33,10043,10044],{},"spaces",[33,10046,10047],{},"hyphens",[33,10049,10050],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10052,10053,10054,10057],{},"For example, this is ",[55,10055,10056],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[64,10059,10061],{"className":66,"code":10060,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10062,10063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10064,10065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10066,10060],{"class":3249},[20,10068,10069],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[64,10071,10073],{"className":66,"code":10072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10074,10075,10118],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10076,10077,10079,10081,10084,10086,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10078,8757],{"class":79},[73,10080,84],{"class":83},[73,10082,10083],{"class":105}," {",[73,10085,141],{"class":87},[73,10087,10088],{"class":91},"first-name",[73,10090,141],{"class":87},[73,10092,2475],{"class":105},[73,10094,152],{"class":87},[73,10096,327],{"class":91},[73,10098,141],{"class":87},[73,10100,149],{"class":105},[73,10102,152],{"class":87},[73,10104,10105],{"class":91},"first name",[73,10107,141],{"class":87},[73,10109,2475],{"class":105},[73,10111,152],{"class":87},[73,10113,327],{"class":91},[73,10115,141],{"class":87},[73,10117,8901],{"class":105},[73,10119,10120,10122,10124,10126],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10121,102],{"class":101},[73,10123,106],{"class":105},[73,10125,8796],{"class":114},[73,10127,854],{"class":105},[20,10129,10130],{},[55,10131,1660],{},[64,10133,10135],{"className":66,"code":10134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10136,10137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10140,8870],{"class":105},[73,10142,141],{"class":87},[73,10144,10088],{"class":91},[73,10146,141],{"class":87},[73,10148,2475],{"class":105},[73,10150,152],{"class":87},[73,10152,327],{"class":91},[73,10154,141],{"class":87},[73,10156,149],{"class":105},[73,10158,152],{"class":87},[73,10160,10105],{"class":91},[73,10162,141],{"class":87},[73,10164,2475],{"class":105},[73,10166,152],{"class":87},[73,10168,327],{"class":91},[73,10170,141],{"class":87},[73,10172,8901],{"class":105},[59,10174,10176,1011,10178],{"id":10175},"dict-vs",[15,10177,8711],{},[15,10179,3378],{},[20,10181,10182,10183,355,10185,10187],{},"Both ",[15,10184,8711],{},[15,10186,3378],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[292,10189,121,10191,10193],{"id":10190},"use-when",[15,10192,3378],{}," when:",[30,10195,10196,10199],{},[33,10197,10198],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10200,10201],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[64,10203,10204],{"className":66,"code":9420,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10205,10206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10207,10208,10210,10212],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10209,8757],{"class":79},[73,10211,84],{"class":83},[73,10213,9431],{"class":105},[292,10215,121,10217,10193],{"id":10216},"use-dict-when",[15,10218,8711],{},[30,10220,10221,10224,10227],{},[33,10222,10223],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10225,10226],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10228,10229],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[64,10231,10233],{"className":66,"code":10232,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10234,10235,10272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10236,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10238,8757],{"class":79},[73,10240,84],{"class":83},[73,10242,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10244,9250],{"class":105},[73,10246,141],{"class":87},[73,10248,587],{"class":91},[73,10250,141],{"class":87},[73,10252,149],{"class":105},[73,10254,5084],{"class":315},[73,10256,8825],{"class":105},[73,10258,8828],{"class":105},[73,10260,141],{"class":87},[73,10262,4350],{"class":91},[73,10264,141],{"class":87},[73,10266,149],{"class":105},[73,10268,409],{"class":315},[73,10270,10271],{"class":105},")])\n",[73,10273,10274,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10275,10276],{"class":79},"info ",[73,10278,84],{"class":83},[73,10280,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10282,106],{"class":105},[73,10284,115],{"class":8767},[73,10286,84],{"class":83},[73,10288,141],{"class":87},[73,10290,4594],{"class":91},[73,10292,141],{"class":87},[73,10294,149],{"class":105},[73,10296,8780],{"class":8767},[73,10298,84],{"class":83},[73,10300,8785],{"class":315},[73,10302,854],{"class":105},[20,10304,10305],{},"So:",[30,10307,10308,10313],{},[33,10309,10310,10312],{},[15,10311,3378],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10314,10315,10317],{},[15,10316,8711],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10319,10320,10321,10325,10326,817],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[587,10322,10324],{"href":10323},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[587,10327,10329,10330,10333],{"href":10328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10331,10332],{},"get()"," method",[59,10335,10337],{"id":10336},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10339,10340,10341,817],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10342,8711],{},[292,10344,10346],{"id":10345},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10348,4114],{},[64,10350,10352],{"className":66,"code":10351,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10353,10354,10378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10355,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10357,7369],{"class":79},[73,10359,84],{"class":83},[73,10361,528],{"class":105},[73,10363,141],{"class":87},[73,10365,587],{"class":91},[73,10367,141],{"class":87},[73,10369,149],{"class":105},[73,10371,152],{"class":87},[73,10373,4350],{"class":91},[73,10375,141],{"class":87},[73,10377,229],{"class":105},[73,10379,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10381,8757],{"class":79},[73,10383,84],{"class":83},[73,10385,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10387,106],{"class":105},[73,10389,7400],{"class":114},[73,10391,854],{"class":105},[20,10393,10394,10395,817],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10396,10397],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10399,10400],{},"Correct version:",[64,10402,10404],{"className":66,"code":10403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10405,10406,10440,10454],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10407,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10409,7369],{"class":79},[73,10411,84],{"class":83},[73,10413,8812],{"class":105},[73,10415,141],{"class":87},[73,10417,587],{"class":91},[73,10419,141],{"class":87},[73,10421,149],{"class":105},[73,10423,5084],{"class":315},[73,10425,8825],{"class":105},[73,10427,8828],{"class":105},[73,10429,141],{"class":87},[73,10431,4350],{"class":91},[73,10433,141],{"class":87},[73,10435,149],{"class":105},[73,10437,409],{"class":315},[73,10439,8841],{"class":105},[73,10441,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10443,8757],{"class":79},[73,10445,84],{"class":83},[73,10447,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10449,106],{"class":105},[73,10451,7400],{"class":114},[73,10453,854],{"class":105},[73,10455,10456,10458,10460,10462],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,10457,102],{"class":101},[73,10459,106],{"class":105},[73,10461,8796],{"class":114},[73,10463,854],{"class":105},[292,10465,10467],{"id":10466},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10469,10470],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[64,10472,10474],{"className":66,"code":10473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10475,10476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10477,10478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10479,10473],{"class":3249},[20,10481,10482,10483,2475],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10484,84],{},[64,10486,10488],{"className":66,"code":10487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10489,10490,10512],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10491,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10493,8757],{"class":79},[73,10495,84],{"class":83},[73,10497,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10499,106],{"class":105},[73,10501,115],{"class":8767},[73,10503,84],{"class":83},[73,10505,141],{"class":87},[73,10507,4594],{"class":91},[73,10509,141],{"class":87},[73,10511,854],{"class":105},[73,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10515,102],{"class":101},[73,10517,106],{"class":105},[73,10519,8796],{"class":114},[73,10521,854],{"class":105},[292,10523,10525],{"id":10524},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10527,10528],{},"This will not work:",[64,10530,10531],{"className":66,"code":10060,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10532,10533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10534,10535],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10536,10060],{"class":3249},[20,10538,10539],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[64,10541,10543],{"className":66,"code":10542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10544,10545,10569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10546,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10548,8757],{"class":79},[73,10550,84],{"class":83},[73,10552,10083],{"class":105},[73,10554,141],{"class":87},[73,10556,10088],{"class":91},[73,10558,141],{"class":87},[73,10560,2475],{"class":105},[73,10562,152],{"class":87},[73,10564,327],{"class":91},[73,10566,141],{"class":87},[73,10568,8901],{"class":105},[73,10570,10571,10573,10575,10577],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10572,102],{"class":101},[73,10574,106],{"class":105},[73,10576,8796],{"class":114},[73,10578,854],{"class":105},[292,10580,10582],{"id":10581},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10584,10585],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[64,10587,10589],{"className":66,"code":10588,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10590,10591,10627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10592,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10594,8757],{"class":79},[73,10596,84],{"class":83},[73,10598,8762],{"class":1270},[73,10600,9250],{"class":105},[73,10602,141],{"class":87},[73,10604,354],{"class":91},[73,10606,141],{"class":87},[73,10608,149],{"class":105},[73,10610,5084],{"class":315},[73,10612,8825],{"class":105},[73,10614,8828],{"class":105},[73,10616,141],{"class":87},[73,10618,354],{"class":91},[73,10620,141],{"class":87},[73,10622,149],{"class":105},[73,10624,409],{"class":315},[73,10626,10271],{"class":105},[73,10628,10629,10631,10633,10635],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10630,102],{"class":101},[73,10632,106],{"class":105},[73,10634,8796],{"class":114},[73,10636,854],{"class":105},[20,10638,10639],{},[55,10640,1660],{},[64,10642,10644],{"className":66,"code":10643,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10645,10646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10647,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10649,8870],{"class":105},[73,10651,141],{"class":87},[73,10653,354],{"class":91},[73,10655,141],{"class":87},[73,10657,2475],{"class":105},[73,10659,409],{"class":315},[73,10661,8901],{"class":105},[20,10663,10664,10665,817],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[587,10666,10668],{"href":10667},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[59,10670,1207],{"id":1206},[20,10672,10673,10674,10676],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10675,8711],{}," include:",[30,10678,10679,10689,10695,10698],{},[33,10680,10681,10682,10685,10686],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10683,10684],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10687,10688],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10690,10691,10692],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10693,10694],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10696,10697],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10699,10700,10701,10703],{},"confusing ",[15,10702,8711],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10705,10706],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[64,10708,10710],{"className":66,"code":10709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10711,10712,10726,10736,10747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10713,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10715,102],{"class":101},[73,10717,106],{"class":105},[73,10719,1271],{"class":1270},[73,10721,106],{"class":105},[73,10723,8796],{"class":114},[73,10725,118],{"class":105},[73,10727,10728,10730,10732,10734],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10729,102],{"class":101},[73,10731,106],{"class":105},[73,10733,8796],{"class":114},[73,10735,854],{"class":105},[73,10737,10738,10740,10742,10745],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,10739,102],{"class":101},[73,10741,106],{"class":105},[73,10743,10744],{"class":114},"list_of_pairs",[73,10746,854],{"class":105},[73,10748,10749,10751,10753,10756,10758,10760],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,10750,102],{"class":101},[73,10752,106],{"class":105},[73,10754,10755],{"class":101},"len",[73,10757,106],{"class":105},[73,10759,10744],{"class":114},[73,10761,118],{"class":105},[20,10763,10764],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10766,10767,10770,10773],{},[33,10768,10769],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10771,10772],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10774,10775],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[59,10777,1405],{"id":1404},[292,10779,1419,10781,355,10783,1424],{"id":10780},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10782,8711],{},[15,10784,3378],{},[20,10786,10787,10789,10790,10792],{},[15,10788,3378],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10791,8711],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[292,10794,1446,10796,10798],{"id":10795},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10797,8711],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10800,10801,10802,817],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10803,10688],{},[292,10805,4747,10807,10810],{"id":10806},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10808,10809],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10812,10813],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[292,10815,10817,10818,10820],{"id":10816},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10819,8711],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10822,10823,10824,10827],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10825,10826],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[59,10829,1461],{"id":1460},[30,10831,10832,10837,10841,10846,10852],{},[33,10833,10834],{},[587,10835,10836],{"href":8983},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,10838,10839],{},[587,10840,8747],{"href":8746},[33,10842,10843],{},[587,10844,10845],{"href":10323},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,10847,10848],{},[587,10849,10329,10850,10333],{"href":10328},[15,10851,10332],{},[33,10853,10854],{},[587,10855,10856],{"href":10667},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1500,10858,10859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":10861},[10862,10864,10870,10871,10872,10873,10880,10886,10887,10897],{"id":8937,"depth":98,"text":10863},"What dict() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":10865},[10866,10867,10868,10869],{"id":8994,"depth":332,"text":8995},{"id":9036,"depth":332,"text":9037},{"id":9140,"depth":332,"text":9141},{"id":9230,"depth":332,"text":9231},{"id":9343,"depth":98,"text":8995},{"id":9446,"depth":98,"text":9447},{"id":9869,"depth":98,"text":9870},{"id":10175,"depth":98,"text":10874,"children":10875},"dict() vs {}",[10876,10878],{"id":10190,"depth":332,"text":10877},"Use {} when:",{"id":10216,"depth":332,"text":10879},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10336,"depth":98,"text":10337,"children":10881},[10882,10883,10884,10885],{"id":10345,"depth":332,"text":10346},{"id":10466,"depth":332,"text":10467},{"id":10524,"depth":332,"text":10525},{"id":10581,"depth":332,"text":10582},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":10888},[10889,10891,10893,10895],{"id":10780,"depth":332,"text":10890},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10795,"depth":332,"text":10892},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10806,"depth":332,"text":10894},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10816,"depth":332,"text":10896},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8703,"description":10898},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10905,"title":10906,"body":10907,"description":12418,"extension":1552,"meta":12419,"navigation":335,"path":12420,"seo":12421,"stem":12422,"__hash__":12423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10908,"toc":12387},[10909,10917,10923,10930,10932,10993,10998,11003,11008,11026,11029,11033,11035,11051,11053,11066,11070,11073,11207,11209,11276,11279,11295,11301,11307,11310,11392,11394,11408,11412,11418,11483,11485,11493,11496,11519,11525,11588,11594,11597,11611,11624,11628,11639,11644,11655,11662,11666,11672,11794,11796,11822,11825,11842,11845,11956,11958,12007,12009,12022,12031,12036,12041,12052,12054,12157,12180,12182,12186,12205,12208,12266,12269,12295,12297,12304,12307,12313,12317,12324,12332,12338,12341,12343,12384],[10,10910,10912,10913,10916],{"id":10911},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10914,10915],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,10918,10919,10922],{},[15,10920,10921],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10924,10925,10926,10929],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[55,10927,10928],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[59,10931,62],{"id":61},[64,10933,10935],{"className":66,"code":10934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10936,10937,10969,10980],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10938,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10940,8757],{"class":79},[73,10942,84],{"class":83},[73,10944,10083],{"class":105},[73,10946,384],{"class":87},[73,10948,587],{"class":91},[73,10950,384],{"class":87},[73,10952,2475],{"class":105},[73,10954,5084],{"class":315},[73,10956,149],{"class":105},[73,10958,88],{"class":87},[73,10960,4350],{"class":91},[73,10962,384],{"class":87},[73,10964,2475],{"class":105},[73,10966,409],{"class":315},[73,10968,8901],{"class":105},[73,10970,10971,10973,10975,10978],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,10972,8796],{"class":79},[73,10974,817],{"class":105},[73,10976,10977],{"class":114},"clear",[73,10979,8233],{"class":105},[73,10981,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,10983,102],{"class":101},[73,10985,106],{"class":105},[73,10987,8796],{"class":114},[73,10989,3246],{"class":105},[73,10991,10992],{"class":3249},"  # {}\n",[20,10994,10995,10997],{},[15,10996,10915],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[59,10999,236,11001,239],{"id":11000},"what-clear-does",[15,11002,10915],{},[20,11004,1569,11005,11007],{},[15,11006,10915],{}," method:",[30,11009,11010,11013,11016,11021],{},[33,11011,11012],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11014,11015],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11017,11018,11019],{},"Returns ",[15,11020,3364],{},[33,11022,11023,11024],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11025,3378],{},[20,11027,11028],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11030,8743,11031,817],{},[587,11032,8747],{"href":8746},[59,11034,285],{"id":284},[64,11036,11038],{"className":66,"code":11037,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11039,11040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11041,11042,11045,11047,11049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11043,11044],{"class":79},"my_dict",[73,11046,817],{"class":105},[73,11048,10977],{"class":114},[73,11050,8233],{"class":105},[20,11052,261],{},[30,11054,11055,11060,11063],{},[33,11056,11057,11059],{},[15,11058,10915],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11061,11062],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11064,11065],{},"It empties that dictionary",[59,11067,11069],{"id":11068},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11071,11072],{},"Here is a basic example:",[64,11074,11076],{"className":66,"code":11075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11077,11078,11088,11109,11123,11140,11144,11148,11168,11172,11183,11187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11079,11080,11083,11085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11081,11082],{"class":79},"user ",[73,11084,84],{"class":83},[73,11086,11087],{"class":105}," {\n",[73,11089,11090,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11104,11106],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11091,11092],{"class":87},"    \"",[73,11094,115],{"class":91},[73,11096,384],{"class":87},[73,11098,2475],{"class":105},[73,11100,88],{"class":87},[73,11102,11103],{"class":91},"Maya",[73,11105,384],{"class":87},[73,11107,11108],{"class":105},",\n",[73,11110,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11112,11092],{"class":87},[73,11114,8891],{"class":91},[73,11116,384],{"class":87},[73,11118,2475],{"class":105},[73,11120,8898],{"class":315},[73,11122,11108],{"class":105},[73,11124,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11138],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11126,11092],{"class":87},[73,11128,10001],{"class":91},[73,11130,384],{"class":87},[73,11132,2475],{"class":105},[73,11134,88],{"class":87},[73,11136,11137],{"class":91},"Berlin",[73,11139,95],{"class":87},[73,11141,11142],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,11143,8901],{"class":105},[73,11145,11146],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,11147,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11149,11150,11152,11154,11156,11159,11161,11163,11166],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,11151,102],{"class":101},[73,11153,106],{"class":105},[73,11155,384],{"class":87},[73,11157,11158],{"class":91},"Before:",[73,11160,384],{"class":87},[73,11162,149],{"class":105},[73,11164,11165],{"class":114}," user",[73,11167,854],{"class":105},[73,11169,11170],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,11171,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11173,11174,11177,11179,11181],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,11175,11176],{"class":79},"user",[73,11178,817],{"class":105},[73,11180,10977],{"class":114},[73,11182,8233],{"class":105},[73,11184,11185],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,11186,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11199,11201,11203,11205],{"class":75,"line":11189},11,[73,11191,102],{"class":101},[73,11193,106],{"class":105},[73,11195,384],{"class":87},[73,11197,11198],{"class":91},"After:",[73,11200,384],{"class":87},[73,11202,149],{"class":105},[73,11204,11165],{"class":114},[73,11206,854],{"class":105},[20,11208,5146],{},[64,11210,11212],{"className":66,"code":11211,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11213,11214,11267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11215,11216,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11217,11218],{"class":79},"Before",[73,11220,2475],{"class":105},[73,11222,10083],{"class":105},[73,11224,141],{"class":87},[73,11226,115],{"class":91},[73,11228,141],{"class":87},[73,11230,2475],{"class":105},[73,11232,152],{"class":87},[73,11234,11103],{"class":91},[73,11236,141],{"class":87},[73,11238,149],{"class":105},[73,11240,152],{"class":87},[73,11242,8891],{"class":91},[73,11244,141],{"class":87},[73,11246,2475],{"class":105},[73,11248,8898],{"class":315},[73,11250,149],{"class":105},[73,11252,152],{"class":87},[73,11254,10001],{"class":91},[73,11256,141],{"class":87},[73,11258,2475],{"class":105},[73,11260,152],{"class":87},[73,11262,11137],{"class":91},[73,11264,141],{"class":87},[73,11266,8901],{"class":105},[73,11268,11269,11272,11274],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11270,11271],{"class":79},"After",[73,11273,2475],{"class":105},[73,11275,9431],{"class":105},[20,11277,11278],{},"What happens here:",[30,11280,11281,11286,11292],{},[33,11282,11283,11285],{},[15,11284,11176],{}," starts with three items",[33,11287,11288,11291],{},[15,11289,11290],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11293,11294],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[59,11296,236,11298,11300],{"id":11297},"what-clear-returns",[15,11299,10915],{}," returns",[20,11302,11303,1987,11305,817],{},[15,11304,10915],{},[15,11306,3364],{},[20,11308,11309],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[64,11311,11313],{"className":66,"code":11312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11314,11315,11349,11353,11368,11372,11382],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11316,11317,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11341,11343,11345,11347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11318,11319],{"class":79},"my_dict ",[73,11321,84],{"class":83},[73,11323,10083],{"class":105},[73,11325,384],{"class":87},[73,11327,354],{"class":91},[73,11329,384],{"class":87},[73,11331,2475],{"class":105},[73,11333,5084],{"class":315},[73,11335,149],{"class":105},[73,11337,88],{"class":87},[73,11339,11340],{"class":91},"y",[73,11342,384],{"class":87},[73,11344,2475],{"class":105},[73,11346,409],{"class":315},[73,11348,8901],{"class":105},[73,11350,11351],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11352,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11354,11355,11357,11359,11362,11364,11366],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11356,1819],{"class":79},[73,11358,84],{"class":83},[73,11360,11361],{"class":79}," my_dict",[73,11363,817],{"class":105},[73,11365,10977],{"class":114},[73,11367,8233],{"class":105},[73,11369,11370],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11371,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11373,11374,11376,11378,11380],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,11375,102],{"class":101},[73,11377,106],{"class":105},[73,11379,1854],{"class":114},[73,11381,854],{"class":105},[73,11383,11384,11386,11388,11390],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,11385,102],{"class":101},[73,11387,106],{"class":105},[73,11389,11044],{"class":114},[73,11391,854],{"class":105},[20,11393,1660],{},[64,11395,11397],{"className":66,"code":11396,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n{}\n",[15,11398,11399,11404],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11400,11401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11402,11403],{"class":3438},"None\n",[73,11405,11406],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11407,9027],{"class":105},[292,11409,11411],{"id":11410},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11413,11414,11415,11417],{},"Do ",[55,11416,806],{}," do this:",[64,11419,11421],{"className":66,"code":11420,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11422,11423,11455,11469,11473],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11424,11425,11427,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11426,11319],{"class":79},[73,11428,84],{"class":83},[73,11430,10083],{"class":105},[73,11432,384],{"class":87},[73,11434,354],{"class":91},[73,11436,384],{"class":87},[73,11438,2475],{"class":105},[73,11440,5084],{"class":315},[73,11442,149],{"class":105},[73,11444,88],{"class":87},[73,11446,11340],{"class":91},[73,11448,384],{"class":87},[73,11450,2475],{"class":105},[73,11452,409],{"class":315},[73,11454,8901],{"class":105},[73,11456,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11458,11319],{"class":79},[73,11460,84],{"class":83},[73,11462,11361],{"class":79},[73,11464,817],{"class":105},[73,11466,10977],{"class":114},[73,11468,8233],{"class":105},[73,11470,11471],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11472,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11474,11475,11477,11479,11481],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11476,102],{"class":101},[73,11478,106],{"class":105},[73,11480,11044],{"class":114},[73,11482,854],{"class":105},[20,11484,1660],{},[64,11486,11487],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,11488,11489],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11490,11491],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11492,11403],{"class":3438},[20,11494,11495],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11497,11498,11504,11509],{},[33,11499,11500,11503],{},[15,11501,11502],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11505,11506,11507],{},"The method returns ",[15,11508,3364],{},[33,11510,11511,11512,11515,11516,11518],{},"Then ",[15,11513,11514],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11517,3364],{}," in the variable",[20,11520,11521,11522,11524],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11523,10915],{}," by itself:",[64,11526,11528],{"className":66,"code":11527,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11529,11530,11562,11572,11576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11531,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11533,11319],{"class":79},[73,11535,84],{"class":83},[73,11537,10083],{"class":105},[73,11539,384],{"class":87},[73,11541,354],{"class":91},[73,11543,384],{"class":87},[73,11545,2475],{"class":105},[73,11547,5084],{"class":315},[73,11549,149],{"class":105},[73,11551,88],{"class":87},[73,11553,11340],{"class":91},[73,11555,384],{"class":87},[73,11557,2475],{"class":105},[73,11559,409],{"class":315},[73,11561,8901],{"class":105},[73,11563,11564,11566,11568,11570],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11565,11044],{"class":79},[73,11567,817],{"class":105},[73,11569,10977],{"class":114},[73,11571,8233],{"class":105},[73,11573,11574],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11575,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11577,11578,11580,11582,11584,11586],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11579,102],{"class":101},[73,11581,106],{"class":105},[73,11583,11044],{"class":114},[73,11585,3246],{"class":105},[73,11587,10992],{"class":3249},[59,11589,11591,11593],{"id":11590},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11592,10915],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11595,11596],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[64,11598,11599],{"className":66,"code":11037,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,11600,11601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11602,11603,11605,11607,11609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11604,11044],{"class":79},[73,11606,817],{"class":105},[73,11608,10977],{"class":114},[73,11610,8233],{"class":105},[64,11612,11614],{"className":66,"code":11613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11615,11616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11617,11618,11620,11622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11619,11319],{"class":79},[73,11621,84],{"class":83},[73,11623,9431],{"class":105},[292,11625,11626],{"id":10977},[15,11627,10915],{},[30,11629,11630,11633,11636],{},[33,11631,11632],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11634,11635],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11637,11638],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[292,11640,11641],{"id":11044},[15,11642,11643],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11645,11646,11649,11652],{},[33,11647,11648],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11650,11651],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11653,11654],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11656,11657,11658,817],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[587,11659,11661],{"href":11660},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[59,11663,11665],{"id":11664},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11667,11668,11669,11671],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11670,10915],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[64,11673,11675],{"className":66,"code":11674,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11676,11677,11710,11720,11724,11735,11739,11759,11779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11678,11679,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11680,11681],{"class":79},"original ",[73,11683,84],{"class":83},[73,11685,10083],{"class":105},[73,11687,384],{"class":87},[73,11689,587],{"class":91},[73,11691,384],{"class":87},[73,11693,2475],{"class":105},[73,11695,5084],{"class":315},[73,11697,149],{"class":105},[73,11699,88],{"class":87},[73,11701,4350],{"class":91},[73,11703,384],{"class":87},[73,11705,2475],{"class":105},[73,11707,409],{"class":315},[73,11709,8901],{"class":105},[73,11711,11712,11715,11717],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11713,11714],{"class":79},"other_ref ",[73,11716,84],{"class":83},[73,11718,11719],{"class":79}," original\n",[73,11721,11722],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11723,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11725,11726,11729,11731,11733],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11727,11728],{"class":79},"original",[73,11730,817],{"class":105},[73,11732,10977],{"class":114},[73,11734,8233],{"class":105},[73,11736,11737],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,11738,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11740,11741,11743,11745,11747,11750,11752,11754,11757],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,11742,102],{"class":101},[73,11744,106],{"class":105},[73,11746,384],{"class":87},[73,11748,11749],{"class":91},"original:",[73,11751,384],{"class":87},[73,11753,149],{"class":105},[73,11755,11756],{"class":114}," original",[73,11758,854],{"class":105},[73,11760,11761,11763,11765,11767,11770,11772,11774,11777],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,11762,102],{"class":101},[73,11764,106],{"class":105},[73,11766,384],{"class":87},[73,11768,11769],{"class":91},"other_ref:",[73,11771,384],{"class":87},[73,11773,149],{"class":105},[73,11775,11776],{"class":114}," other_ref",[73,11778,854],{"class":105},[73,11780,11781,11783,11785,11787,11790,11792],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,11782,102],{"class":101},[73,11784,106],{"class":105},[73,11786,11681],{"class":114},[73,11788,11789],{"class":646},"is",[73,11791,11776],{"class":114},[73,11793,854],{"class":105},[20,11795,1660],{},[64,11797,11799],{"className":66,"code":11798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11800,11801,11809,11818],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11802,11803,11805,11807],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11804,11728],{"class":79},[73,11806,2475],{"class":105},[73,11808,9431],{"class":105},[73,11810,11811,11814,11816],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11812,11813],{"class":79},"other_ref",[73,11815,2475],{"class":105},[73,11817,9431],{"class":105},[73,11819,11820],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11821,3566],{"class":3438},[20,11823,11824],{},"This shows:",[30,11826,11827,11834,11839],{},[33,11828,11829,355,11831,11833],{},[15,11830,11728],{},[15,11832,11813],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,11835,11836,11838],{},[15,11837,10915],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,11840,11841],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11843,11844],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[64,11846,11848],{"className":66,"code":11847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11849,11850,11882,11890,11894,11902,11906,11924,11942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11851,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11853,11681],{"class":79},[73,11855,84],{"class":83},[73,11857,10083],{"class":105},[73,11859,384],{"class":87},[73,11861,587],{"class":91},[73,11863,384],{"class":87},[73,11865,2475],{"class":105},[73,11867,5084],{"class":315},[73,11869,149],{"class":105},[73,11871,88],{"class":87},[73,11873,4350],{"class":91},[73,11875,384],{"class":87},[73,11877,2475],{"class":105},[73,11879,409],{"class":315},[73,11881,8901],{"class":105},[73,11883,11884,11886,11888],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11885,11714],{"class":79},[73,11887,84],{"class":83},[73,11889,11719],{"class":79},[73,11891,11892],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,11893,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11895,11896,11898,11900],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,11897,11681],{"class":79},[73,11899,84],{"class":83},[73,11901,9431],{"class":105},[73,11903,11904],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,11905,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,11907,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,11909,102],{"class":101},[73,11911,106],{"class":105},[73,11913,384],{"class":87},[73,11915,11749],{"class":91},[73,11917,384],{"class":87},[73,11919,149],{"class":105},[73,11921,11756],{"class":114},[73,11923,854],{"class":105},[73,11925,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,11927,102],{"class":101},[73,11929,106],{"class":105},[73,11931,384],{"class":87},[73,11933,11769],{"class":91},[73,11935,384],{"class":87},[73,11937,149],{"class":105},[73,11939,11776],{"class":114},[73,11941,854],{"class":105},[73,11943,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,11945,102],{"class":101},[73,11947,106],{"class":105},[73,11949,11681],{"class":114},[73,11951,11789],{"class":646},[73,11953,11776],{"class":114},[73,11955,854],{"class":105},[20,11957,1660],{},[64,11959,11961],{"className":66,"code":11960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11962,11963,11971,12003],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11964,11965,11967,11969],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11966,11728],{"class":79},[73,11968,2475],{"class":105},[73,11970,9431],{"class":105},[73,11972,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,11974,11813],{"class":79},[73,11976,2475],{"class":105},[73,11978,10083],{"class":105},[73,11980,141],{"class":87},[73,11982,587],{"class":91},[73,11984,141],{"class":87},[73,11986,2475],{"class":105},[73,11988,5084],{"class":315},[73,11990,149],{"class":105},[73,11992,152],{"class":87},[73,11994,4350],{"class":91},[73,11996,141],{"class":87},[73,11998,2475],{"class":105},[73,12000,409],{"class":315},[73,12002,8901],{"class":105},[73,12004,12005],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12006,3627],{"class":3438},[20,12008,1768],{},[30,12010,12011,12017],{},[33,12012,12013,12016],{},[15,12014,12015],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12018,12019,12021],{},[15,12020,11813],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12023,12024,12025,817],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[587,12026,12028],{"href":12027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12029,12030],{},"dict.copy()",[59,12032,4551,12034],{"id":12033},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12035,10915],{},[20,12037,12038,12040],{},[15,12039,10915],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12042,12043,12046,12049],{},[33,12044,12045],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12047,12048],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12050,12051],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12053,714],{},[64,12055,12057],{"className":66,"code":12056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12058,12059,12068,12084,12104,12117,12121,12125,12130,12141,12145],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12060,12061,12064,12066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12062,12063],{"class":79},"session_data ",[73,12065,84],{"class":83},[73,12067,11087],{"class":105},[73,12069,12070,12072,12075,12077,12079,12082],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12071,11092],{"class":87},[73,12073,12074],{"class":91},"user_id",[73,12076,384],{"class":87},[73,12078,2475],{"class":105},[73,12080,12081],{"class":315}," 101",[73,12083,11108],{"class":105},[73,12085,12086,12088,12091,12093,12095,12097,12100,12102],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12087,11092],{"class":87},[73,12089,12090],{"class":91},"theme",[73,12092,384],{"class":87},[73,12094,2475],{"class":105},[73,12096,88],{"class":87},[73,12098,12099],{"class":91},"dark",[73,12101,384],{"class":87},[73,12103,11108],{"class":105},[73,12105,12106,12108,12111,12113,12115],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,12107,11092],{"class":87},[73,12109,12110],{"class":91},"logged_in",[73,12112,384],{"class":87},[73,12114,2475],{"class":105},[73,12116,6012],{"class":3438},[73,12118,12119],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,12120,8901],{"class":105},[73,12122,12123],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,12124,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12126,12127],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,12128,12129],{"class":3249},"# Reset for a new session\n",[73,12131,12132,12135,12137,12139],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,12133,12134],{"class":79},"session_data",[73,12136,817],{"class":105},[73,12138,10977],{"class":114},[73,12140,8233],{"class":105},[73,12142,12143],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,12144,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12146,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,12148,102],{"class":101},[73,12150,106],{"class":105},[73,12152,12134],{"class":114},[73,12154,3246],{"class":105},[73,12156,10992],{"class":3249},[20,12158,12159,12160,12166,12167,817,12171,12173,12174,817],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[587,12161,12163],{"href":12162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12164,12165],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[587,12168,12170],{"href":12169},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1103,12172],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[587,12175,12177],{"href":12176},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12178,12179],{},"dict.popitem()",[59,12181,1207],{"id":1206},[20,12183,10340,12184,2475],{},[15,12185,10915],{},[30,12187,12188,12194,12199,12202],{},[33,12189,12190,12191,12193],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12192,10915],{}," to a variable",[33,12195,8044,12196,12198],{},[15,12197,10915],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12200,12201],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12203,12204],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12206,12207],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[64,12209,12211],{"className":66,"code":12210,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12212,12213,12223,12237,12252],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12214,12215,12217,12219,12221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12216,102],{"class":101},[73,12218,106],{"class":105},[73,12220,11044],{"class":114},[73,12222,854],{"class":105},[73,12224,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12226,102],{"class":101},[73,12228,106],{"class":105},[73,12230,1271],{"class":1270},[73,12232,106],{"class":105},[73,12234,11044],{"class":114},[73,12236,118],{"class":105},[73,12238,12239,12241,12243,12246,12248,12250],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12240,102],{"class":101},[73,12242,106],{"class":105},[73,12244,12245],{"class":101},"id",[73,12247,106],{"class":105},[73,12249,11044],{"class":114},[73,12251,118],{"class":105},[73,12253,12254,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,12255,102],{"class":101},[73,12257,106],{"class":105},[73,12259,11714],{"class":114},[73,12261,11789],{"class":646},[73,12263,11361],{"class":114},[73,12265,854],{"class":105},[20,12267,12268],{},"What these show:",[30,12270,12271,12277,12283,12289],{},[33,12272,12273,12276],{},[15,12274,12275],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12278,12279,12282],{},[15,12280,12281],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12284,12285,12288],{},[15,12286,12287],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12290,12291,12294],{},[15,12292,12293],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[59,12296,1405],{"id":1404},[292,12298,12300,12301,12303],{"id":12299},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12302,10915],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12305,12306],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[292,12308,1409,12310,12312],{"id":12309},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12311,10921],{}," return?",[20,12314,4737,12315,817],{},[15,12316,3364],{},[292,12318,1419,12320,355,12322,1424],{"id":12319},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12321,10915],{},[15,12323,3378],{},[20,12325,12326,12328,12329,12331],{},[15,12327,10915],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12330,3378],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[292,12333,12300,12335,12337],{"id":12334},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12336,10915],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12339,12340],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[59,12342,1461],{"id":1460},[30,12344,12345,12349,12353,12360,12367,12374,12379],{},[33,12346,12347],{},[587,12348,8747],{"href":8746},[33,12350,12351],{},[587,12352,10836],{"href":8983},[33,12354,12355],{},[587,12356,10329,12357,10333],{"href":12162},[15,12358,12359],{},"pop()",[33,12361,12362],{},[587,12363,10329,12364,10333],{"href":12176},[15,12365,12366],{},"popitem()",[33,12368,12369],{},[587,12370,10329,12371,10333],{"href":12027},[15,12372,12373],{},"copy()",[33,12375,12376],{},[587,12377,12378],{"href":11660},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12380,12381],{},[587,12382,12383],{"href":12169},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1500,12385,12386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":12388},[12389,12390,12392,12393,12394,12398,12403,12404,12406,12407,12417],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":11000,"depth":98,"text":12391},"What clear() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":11297,"depth":98,"text":12395,"children":12396},"What clear() returns",[12397],{"id":11410,"depth":332,"text":11411},{"id":11590,"depth":98,"text":12399,"children":12400},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12401,12402],{"id":10977,"depth":332,"text":10915},{"id":11044,"depth":332,"text":11643},{"id":11664,"depth":98,"text":11665},{"id":12033,"depth":98,"text":12405},"When to use clear()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":12408},[12409,12411,12413,12415],{"id":12299,"depth":332,"text":12410},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12309,"depth":332,"text":12412},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12319,"depth":332,"text":12414},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12334,"depth":332,"text":12416},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10906,"description":12418},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12425,"title":12426,"body":12427,"description":14595,"extension":1552,"meta":14596,"navigation":335,"path":14597,"seo":14598,"stem":14599,"__hash__":14600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12428,"toc":14567},[12429,12434,12439,12449,12451,12540,12544,12585,12590,12597,12615,12624,12626,12647,12650,12662,12664,12743,12747,12788,12790,12793,12921,12925,13005,13008,13026,13029,13033,13039,13041,13052,13054,13248,13252,13358,13361,13379,13382,13389,13394,13398,13412,13414,13541,13545,13625,13638,13644,13647,13655,13659,13785,13789,13863,13868,13999,14003,14077,14080,14094,14098,14102,14116,14118,14254,14258,14327,14329,14334,14356,14359,14466,14469,14480,14487,14489,14495,14498,14505,14508,14515,14523,14527,14530,14532,14564],[10,12430,10912,12432,10916],{"id":12431},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12433,12373],{},[20,12435,12436,12438],{},[15,12437,12030],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12440,12441,12442,12444,12445,12448],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12443,12373],{}," makes a ",[55,12446,12447],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[59,12450,62],{"id":61},[64,12452,12454],{"className":66,"code":12453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12455,12456,12494,12511,12515,12526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12457,12458,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12459,12460],{"class":79},"student ",[73,12462,84],{"class":83},[73,12464,10083],{"class":105},[73,12466,384],{"class":87},[73,12468,115],{"class":91},[73,12470,384],{"class":87},[73,12472,2475],{"class":105},[73,12474,88],{"class":87},[73,12476,12477],{"class":91},"Ana",[73,12479,384],{"class":87},[73,12481,149],{"class":105},[73,12483,88],{"class":87},[73,12485,8891],{"class":91},[73,12487,384],{"class":87},[73,12489,2475],{"class":105},[73,12491,7380],{"class":315},[73,12493,8901],{"class":105},[73,12495,12496,12499,12501,12504,12506,12509],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12497,12498],{"class":79},"student_copy ",[73,12500,84],{"class":83},[73,12502,12503],{"class":79}," student",[73,12505,817],{"class":105},[73,12507,12508],{"class":114},"copy",[73,12510,8233],{"class":105},[73,12512,12513],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12514,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12516,12517,12519,12521,12524],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,12518,102],{"class":101},[73,12520,106],{"class":105},[73,12522,12523],{"class":114},"student_copy",[73,12525,854],{"class":105},[73,12527,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,12529,102],{"class":101},[73,12531,106],{"class":105},[73,12533,12498],{"class":114},[73,12535,11789],{"class":646},[73,12537,12503],{"class":114},[73,12539,854],{"class":105},[20,12541,12542],{},[55,12543,1660],{},[64,12545,12547],{"className":66,"code":12546,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12548,12549,12581],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12550,12551,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12552,8870],{"class":105},[73,12554,141],{"class":87},[73,12556,115],{"class":91},[73,12558,141],{"class":87},[73,12560,2475],{"class":105},[73,12562,152],{"class":87},[73,12564,12477],{"class":91},[73,12566,141],{"class":87},[73,12568,149],{"class":105},[73,12570,152],{"class":87},[73,12572,8891],{"class":91},[73,12574,141],{"class":87},[73,12576,2475],{"class":105},[73,12578,7380],{"class":315},[73,12580,8901],{"class":105},[73,12582,12583],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12584,3627],{"class":3438},[20,12586,121,12587,12589],{},[15,12588,12373],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[59,12591,12593,12594,12596],{"id":12592},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12595,12373],{}," method does",[30,12598,12599,12604,12607,12612],{},[33,12600,12601,12603],{},[15,12602,12030],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12605,12606],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12608,12609,12610],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12611,12373],{},[33,12613,12614],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12616,12617,12618,2468,12621,817],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[587,12619,8747],{"href":12620},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[587,12622,8984],{"href":12623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[59,12625,285],{"id":284},[64,12627,12629],{"className":66,"code":12628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12630,12631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12632,12633,12636,12638,12641,12643,12645],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12634,12635],{"class":79},"new_dict ",[73,12637,84],{"class":83},[73,12639,12640],{"class":79}," old_dict",[73,12642,817],{"class":105},[73,12644,12508],{"class":114},[73,12646,8233],{"class":105},[20,12648,12649],{},"Key points:",[30,12651,12652,12656,12659],{},[33,12653,12654,11059],{},[15,12655,12373],{},[33,12657,12658],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12660,12661],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12663,714],{},[64,12665,12667],{"className":66,"code":12666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12668,12669,12712,12728,12732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12670,12671,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684,12686,12688,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12705,12708,12710],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12672,12673],{"class":79},"colors ",[73,12675,84],{"class":83},[73,12677,10083],{"class":105},[73,12679,384],{"class":87},[73,12681,587],{"class":91},[73,12683,384],{"class":87},[73,12685,2475],{"class":105},[73,12687,88],{"class":87},[73,12689,12690],{"class":91},"red",[73,12692,384],{"class":87},[73,12694,149],{"class":105},[73,12696,88],{"class":87},[73,12698,4350],{"class":91},[73,12700,384],{"class":87},[73,12702,2475],{"class":105},[73,12704,88],{"class":87},[73,12706,12707],{"class":91},"blue",[73,12709,384],{"class":87},[73,12711,8901],{"class":105},[73,12713,12714,12717,12719,12722,12724,12726],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12715,12716],{"class":79},"new_colors ",[73,12718,84],{"class":83},[73,12720,12721],{"class":79}," colors",[73,12723,817],{"class":105},[73,12725,12508],{"class":114},[73,12727,8233],{"class":105},[73,12729,12730],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12731,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12733,12734,12736,12738,12741],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,12735,102],{"class":101},[73,12737,106],{"class":105},[73,12739,12740],{"class":114},"new_colors",[73,12742,854],{"class":105},[20,12744,12745],{},[55,12746,1660],{},[64,12748,12750],{"className":66,"code":12749,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12751,12752],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12753,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12755,8870],{"class":105},[73,12757,141],{"class":87},[73,12759,587],{"class":91},[73,12761,141],{"class":87},[73,12763,2475],{"class":105},[73,12765,152],{"class":87},[73,12767,12690],{"class":91},[73,12769,141],{"class":87},[73,12771,149],{"class":105},[73,12773,152],{"class":87},[73,12775,4350],{"class":91},[73,12777,141],{"class":87},[73,12779,2475],{"class":105},[73,12781,152],{"class":87},[73,12783,12707],{"class":91},[73,12785,141],{"class":87},[73,12787,8901],{"class":105},[59,12789,11069],{"id":11068},[20,12791,12792],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[64,12794,12796],{"className":66,"code":12795,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12797,12798,12836,12852,12856,12878,12882,12901],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12799,12800,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12801,12802],{"class":79},"person ",[73,12804,84],{"class":83},[73,12806,10083],{"class":105},[73,12808,384],{"class":87},[73,12810,115],{"class":91},[73,12812,384],{"class":87},[73,12814,2475],{"class":105},[73,12816,88],{"class":87},[73,12818,12819],{"class":91},"Liam",[73,12821,384],{"class":87},[73,12823,149],{"class":105},[73,12825,88],{"class":87},[73,12827,8891],{"class":91},[73,12829,384],{"class":87},[73,12831,2475],{"class":105},[73,12833,8898],{"class":315},[73,12835,8901],{"class":105},[73,12837,12838,12841,12843,12846,12848,12850],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12839,12840],{"class":79},"person_copy ",[73,12842,84],{"class":83},[73,12844,12845],{"class":79}," person",[73,12847,817],{"class":105},[73,12849,12508],{"class":114},[73,12851,8233],{"class":105},[73,12853,12854],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,12855,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12857,12858,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12872,12875],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,12859,12860],{"class":79},"person_copy",[73,12862,138],{"class":105},[73,12864,384],{"class":87},[73,12866,8891],{"class":91},[73,12868,384],{"class":87},[73,12870,12871],{"class":105},"]",[73,12873,12874],{"class":83}," =",[73,12876,12877],{"class":315}," 26\n",[73,12879,12880],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,12881,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,12883,12884,12886,12888,12890,12893,12895,12897,12899],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,12885,102],{"class":101},[73,12887,106],{"class":105},[73,12889,384],{"class":87},[73,12891,12892],{"class":91},"Original:",[73,12894,384],{"class":87},[73,12896,149],{"class":105},[73,12898,12845],{"class":114},[73,12900,854],{"class":105},[73,12902,12903,12905,12907,12909,12912,12914,12916,12919],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,12904,102],{"class":101},[73,12906,106],{"class":105},[73,12908,384],{"class":87},[73,12910,12911],{"class":91},"Copy:",[73,12913,384],{"class":87},[73,12915,149],{"class":105},[73,12917,12918],{"class":114}," person_copy",[73,12920,854],{"class":105},[20,12922,12923],{},[55,12924,1660],{},[64,12926,12928],{"className":66,"code":12927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12929,12930,12967],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12931,12932,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12933,12934],{"class":79},"Original",[73,12936,2475],{"class":105},[73,12938,10083],{"class":105},[73,12940,141],{"class":87},[73,12942,115],{"class":91},[73,12944,141],{"class":87},[73,12946,2475],{"class":105},[73,12948,152],{"class":87},[73,12950,12819],{"class":91},[73,12952,141],{"class":87},[73,12954,149],{"class":105},[73,12956,152],{"class":87},[73,12958,8891],{"class":91},[73,12960,141],{"class":87},[73,12962,2475],{"class":105},[73,12964,8898],{"class":315},[73,12966,8901],{"class":105},[73,12968,12969,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13003],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,12970,12971],{"class":79},"Copy",[73,12973,2475],{"class":105},[73,12975,10083],{"class":105},[73,12977,141],{"class":87},[73,12979,115],{"class":91},[73,12981,141],{"class":87},[73,12983,2475],{"class":105},[73,12985,152],{"class":87},[73,12987,12819],{"class":91},[73,12989,141],{"class":87},[73,12991,149],{"class":105},[73,12993,152],{"class":87},[73,12995,8891],{"class":91},[73,12997,141],{"class":87},[73,12999,2475],{"class":105},[73,13001,13002],{"class":315}," 26",[73,13004,8901],{"class":105},[20,13006,13007],{},"What happened here:",[30,13009,13010,13016,13023],{},[33,13011,13012,13015],{},[15,13013,13014],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13017,13018,13019,13022],{},"Changing ",[15,13020,13021],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13024,13025],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13027,13028],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[59,13030,13032],{"id":13031},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13034,13035,12444,13037,817],{},[15,13036,12373],{},[55,13038,12447],{},[20,13040,1697],{},[30,13042,13043,13046,13049],{},[33,13044,13045],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13047,13048],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13050,13051],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13053,714],{},[64,13055,13057],{"className":66,"code":13056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13058,13059,13067,13085,13108,13112,13116,13130,13134,13158,13162,13180,13199,13214],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13060,13061,13063,13065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13062,12460],{"class":79},[73,13064,84],{"class":83},[73,13066,11087],{"class":105},[73,13068,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13070,11092],{"class":87},[73,13072,115],{"class":91},[73,13074,384],{"class":87},[73,13076,2475],{"class":105},[73,13078,88],{"class":87},[73,13080,12477],{"class":91},[73,13082,384],{"class":87},[73,13084,11108],{"class":105},[73,13086,13087,13089,13092,13094,13096,13098,13101,13103,13106],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13088,11092],{"class":87},[73,13090,13091],{"class":91},"grades",[73,13093,384],{"class":87},[73,13095,2475],{"class":105},[73,13097,528],{"class":105},[73,13099,13100],{"class":315},"90",[73,13102,149],{"class":105},[73,13104,13105],{"class":315}," 85",[73,13107,229],{"class":105},[73,13109,13110],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,13111,8901],{"class":105},[73,13113,13114],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,13115,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13117,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,13119,12498],{"class":79},[73,13121,84],{"class":83},[73,13123,12503],{"class":79},[73,13125,817],{"class":105},[73,13127,12508],{"class":114},[73,13129,8233],{"class":105},[73,13131,13132],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,13133,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13135,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13149,13151,13153,13156],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,13137,12523],{"class":79},[73,13139,138],{"class":105},[73,13141,384],{"class":87},[73,13143,13091],{"class":91},[73,13145,384],{"class":87},[73,13147,13148],{"class":105},"].",[73,13150,564],{"class":114},[73,13152,106],{"class":105},[73,13154,13155],{"class":315},"100",[73,13157,854],{"class":105},[73,13159,13160],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,13161,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13163,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,13165,102],{"class":101},[73,13167,106],{"class":105},[73,13169,384],{"class":87},[73,13171,12892],{"class":91},[73,13173,384],{"class":87},[73,13175,149],{"class":105},[73,13177,12503],{"class":114},[73,13179,854],{"class":105},[73,13181,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13197],{"class":75,"line":11189},[73,13183,102],{"class":101},[73,13185,106],{"class":105},[73,13187,384],{"class":87},[73,13189,12911],{"class":91},[73,13191,384],{"class":87},[73,13193,149],{"class":105},[73,13195,13196],{"class":114}," student_copy",[73,13198,854],{"class":105},[73,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212],{"class":75,"line":13201},12,[73,13203,102],{"class":101},[73,13205,106],{"class":105},[73,13207,12460],{"class":114},[73,13209,11789],{"class":646},[73,13211,13196],{"class":114},[73,13213,854],{"class":105},[73,13215,13217,13219,13221,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246],{"class":75,"line":13216},13,[73,13218,102],{"class":101},[73,13220,106],{"class":105},[73,13222,13223],{"class":114},"student",[73,13225,138],{"class":105},[73,13227,384],{"class":87},[73,13229,13091],{"class":91},[73,13231,384],{"class":87},[73,13233,12871],{"class":105},[73,13235,7687],{"class":646},[73,13237,13196],{"class":114},[73,13239,138],{"class":105},[73,13241,384],{"class":87},[73,13243,13091],{"class":91},[73,13245,384],{"class":87},[73,13247,3475],{"class":105},[20,13249,13250],{},[55,13251,1660],{},[64,13253,13255],{"className":66,"code":13254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13256,13257,13304,13350,13354],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13258,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13260,12934],{"class":79},[73,13262,2475],{"class":105},[73,13264,10083],{"class":105},[73,13266,141],{"class":87},[73,13268,115],{"class":91},[73,13270,141],{"class":87},[73,13272,2475],{"class":105},[73,13274,152],{"class":87},[73,13276,12477],{"class":91},[73,13278,141],{"class":87},[73,13280,149],{"class":105},[73,13282,152],{"class":87},[73,13284,13091],{"class":91},[73,13286,141],{"class":87},[73,13288,2475],{"class":105},[73,13290,528],{"class":105},[73,13292,13100],{"class":315},[73,13294,149],{"class":105},[73,13296,13105],{"class":315},[73,13298,149],{"class":105},[73,13300,9710],{"class":315},[73,13302,13303],{"class":105},"]}\n",[73,13305,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13307,12971],{"class":79},[73,13309,2475],{"class":105},[73,13311,10083],{"class":105},[73,13313,141],{"class":87},[73,13315,115],{"class":91},[73,13317,141],{"class":87},[73,13319,2475],{"class":105},[73,13321,152],{"class":87},[73,13323,12477],{"class":91},[73,13325,141],{"class":87},[73,13327,149],{"class":105},[73,13329,152],{"class":87},[73,13331,13091],{"class":91},[73,13333,141],{"class":87},[73,13335,2475],{"class":105},[73,13337,528],{"class":105},[73,13339,13100],{"class":315},[73,13341,149],{"class":105},[73,13343,13105],{"class":315},[73,13345,149],{"class":105},[73,13347,9710],{"class":315},[73,13349,13303],{"class":105},[73,13351,13352],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13353,3627],{"class":3438},[73,13355,13356],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,13357,3566],{"class":3438},[20,13359,13360],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13362,13363,13371],{},[33,13364,13365,4373,13368,13370],{},[15,13366,13367],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13369,3260],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13372,13373,4373,13376,13378],{},[15,13374,13375],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13377,3190],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13380,13381],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13383,13384,13385,817],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[587,13386,13388],{"href":13387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[59,13390,4551,13392],{"id":13391},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13393,12373],{},[20,13395,121,13396,10193],{},[15,13397,12373],{},[30,13399,13400,13403,13406,13409],{},[33,13401,13402],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13404,13405],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13407,13408],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13410,13411],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13413,714],{},[64,13415,13417],{"className":66,"code":13416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13418,13419,13458,13474,13478,13498,13502,13521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13420,13421,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13449,13451,13453,13456],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13422,13423],{"class":79},"settings ",[73,13425,84],{"class":83},[73,13427,10083],{"class":105},[73,13429,384],{"class":87},[73,13431,12090],{"class":91},[73,13433,384],{"class":87},[73,13435,2475],{"class":105},[73,13437,88],{"class":87},[73,13439,12099],{"class":91},[73,13441,384],{"class":87},[73,13443,149],{"class":105},[73,13445,88],{"class":87},[73,13447,13448],{"class":91},"font_size",[73,13450,384],{"class":87},[73,13452,2475],{"class":105},[73,13454,13455],{"class":315}," 14",[73,13457,8901],{"class":105},[73,13459,13460,13463,13465,13468,13470,13472],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13461,13462],{"class":79},"settings_backup ",[73,13464,84],{"class":83},[73,13466,13467],{"class":79}," settings",[73,13469,817],{"class":105},[73,13471,12508],{"class":114},[73,13473,8233],{"class":105},[73,13475,13476],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13477,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13479,13480,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,13481,13482],{"class":79},"settings",[73,13484,138],{"class":105},[73,13486,384],{"class":87},[73,13488,13448],{"class":91},[73,13490,384],{"class":87},[73,13492,12871],{"class":105},[73,13494,12874],{"class":83},[73,13496,13497],{"class":315}," 16\n",[73,13499,13500],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,13501,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13503,13504,13506,13508,13510,13513,13515,13517,13519],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,13505,102],{"class":101},[73,13507,106],{"class":105},[73,13509,384],{"class":87},[73,13511,13512],{"class":91},"Current:",[73,13514,384],{"class":87},[73,13516,149],{"class":105},[73,13518,13467],{"class":114},[73,13520,854],{"class":105},[73,13522,13523,13525,13527,13529,13532,13534,13536,13539],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,13524,102],{"class":101},[73,13526,106],{"class":105},[73,13528,384],{"class":87},[73,13530,13531],{"class":91},"Backup:",[73,13533,384],{"class":87},[73,13535,149],{"class":105},[73,13537,13538],{"class":114}," settings_backup",[73,13540,854],{"class":105},[20,13542,13543],{},[55,13544,1660],{},[64,13546,13548],{"className":66,"code":13547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13549,13550,13588],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13551,13552,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13553,13554],{"class":79},"Current",[73,13556,2475],{"class":105},[73,13558,10083],{"class":105},[73,13560,141],{"class":87},[73,13562,12090],{"class":91},[73,13564,141],{"class":87},[73,13566,2475],{"class":105},[73,13568,152],{"class":87},[73,13570,12099],{"class":91},[73,13572,141],{"class":87},[73,13574,149],{"class":105},[73,13576,152],{"class":87},[73,13578,13448],{"class":91},[73,13580,141],{"class":87},[73,13582,2475],{"class":105},[73,13584,13585],{"class":315}," 16",[73,13587,8901],{"class":105},[73,13589,13590,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13591,13592],{"class":79},"Backup",[73,13594,2475],{"class":105},[73,13596,10083],{"class":105},[73,13598,141],{"class":87},[73,13600,12090],{"class":91},[73,13602,141],{"class":87},[73,13604,2475],{"class":105},[73,13606,152],{"class":87},[73,13608,12099],{"class":91},[73,13610,141],{"class":87},[73,13612,149],{"class":105},[73,13614,152],{"class":87},[73,13616,13448],{"class":91},[73,13618,141],{"class":87},[73,13620,2475],{"class":105},[73,13622,13455],{"class":315},[73,13624,8901],{"class":105},[20,13626,13627,13628,2468,13634,817],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[587,13629,13631],{"href":13630},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13632,13633],{},"dict.update()",[587,13635,13636],{"href":12420},[15,13637,10921],{},[59,13639,13641,13643],{"id":13640},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13642,12373],{}," vs assignment",[20,13645,13646],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13648,438,13649,13651,13652,13654],{},[15,13650,84],{}," does ",[55,13653,806],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[292,13656,13658],{"id":13657},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[64,13660,13662],{"className":66,"code":13661,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13663,13664,13696,13705,13709,13729,13733,13751,13771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13665,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13667,11681],{"class":79},[73,13669,84],{"class":83},[73,13671,10083],{"class":105},[73,13673,384],{"class":87},[73,13675,354],{"class":91},[73,13677,384],{"class":87},[73,13679,2475],{"class":105},[73,13681,5084],{"class":315},[73,13683,149],{"class":105},[73,13685,88],{"class":87},[73,13687,11340],{"class":91},[73,13689,384],{"class":87},[73,13691,2475],{"class":105},[73,13693,409],{"class":315},[73,13695,8901],{"class":105},[73,13697,13698,13701,13703],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13699,13700],{"class":79},"assigned ",[73,13702,84],{"class":83},[73,13704,11719],{"class":79},[73,13706,13707],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13708,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13710,13711,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,13712,13713],{"class":79},"assigned",[73,13715,138],{"class":105},[73,13717,384],{"class":87},[73,13719,354],{"class":91},[73,13721,384],{"class":87},[73,13723,12871],{"class":105},[73,13725,12874],{"class":83},[73,13727,13728],{"class":315}," 99\n",[73,13730,13731],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,13732,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13734,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,13736,102],{"class":101},[73,13738,106],{"class":105},[73,13740,384],{"class":87},[73,13742,12892],{"class":91},[73,13744,384],{"class":87},[73,13746,149],{"class":105},[73,13748,11756],{"class":114},[73,13750,854],{"class":105},[73,13752,13753,13755,13757,13759,13762,13764,13766,13769],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,13754,102],{"class":101},[73,13756,106],{"class":105},[73,13758,384],{"class":87},[73,13760,13761],{"class":91},"Assigned:",[73,13763,384],{"class":87},[73,13765,149],{"class":105},[73,13767,13768],{"class":114}," assigned",[73,13770,854],{"class":105},[73,13772,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,13774,102],{"class":101},[73,13776,106],{"class":105},[73,13778,11681],{"class":114},[73,13780,11789],{"class":646},[73,13782,13768],{"class":114},[73,13784,854],{"class":105},[20,13786,13787],{},[55,13788,1660],{},[64,13790,13792],{"className":66,"code":13791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13793,13794,13826,13859],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13795,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13797,12934],{"class":79},[73,13799,2475],{"class":105},[73,13801,10083],{"class":105},[73,13803,141],{"class":87},[73,13805,354],{"class":91},[73,13807,141],{"class":87},[73,13809,2475],{"class":105},[73,13811,9789],{"class":315},[73,13813,149],{"class":105},[73,13815,152],{"class":87},[73,13817,11340],{"class":91},[73,13819,141],{"class":87},[73,13821,2475],{"class":105},[73,13823,409],{"class":315},[73,13825,8901],{"class":105},[73,13827,13828,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13829,13830],{"class":79},"Assigned",[73,13832,2475],{"class":105},[73,13834,10083],{"class":105},[73,13836,141],{"class":87},[73,13838,354],{"class":91},[73,13840,141],{"class":87},[73,13842,2475],{"class":105},[73,13844,9789],{"class":315},[73,13846,149],{"class":105},[73,13848,152],{"class":87},[73,13850,11340],{"class":91},[73,13852,141],{"class":87},[73,13854,2475],{"class":105},[73,13856,409],{"class":315},[73,13858,8901],{"class":105},[73,13860,13861],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13862,3566],{"class":3438},[292,13864,438,13866],{"id":13865},"using-copy",[15,13867,12373],{},[64,13869,13871],{"className":66,"code":13870,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13872,13873,13905,13920,13924,13943,13947,13965,13985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13874,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13876,11681],{"class":79},[73,13878,84],{"class":83},[73,13880,10083],{"class":105},[73,13882,384],{"class":87},[73,13884,354],{"class":91},[73,13886,384],{"class":87},[73,13888,2475],{"class":105},[73,13890,5084],{"class":315},[73,13892,149],{"class":105},[73,13894,88],{"class":87},[73,13896,11340],{"class":91},[73,13898,384],{"class":87},[73,13900,2475],{"class":105},[73,13902,409],{"class":315},[73,13904,8901],{"class":105},[73,13906,13907,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,13908,13909],{"class":79},"copied ",[73,13911,84],{"class":83},[73,13913,11756],{"class":79},[73,13915,817],{"class":105},[73,13917,12508],{"class":114},[73,13919,8233],{"class":105},[73,13921,13922],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,13923,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13925,13926,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,13927,13928],{"class":79},"copied",[73,13930,138],{"class":105},[73,13932,384],{"class":87},[73,13934,354],{"class":91},[73,13936,384],{"class":87},[73,13938,12871],{"class":105},[73,13940,12874],{"class":83},[73,13942,13728],{"class":315},[73,13944,13945],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,13946,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,13948,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,13950,102],{"class":101},[73,13952,106],{"class":105},[73,13954,384],{"class":87},[73,13956,12892],{"class":91},[73,13958,384],{"class":87},[73,13960,149],{"class":105},[73,13962,11756],{"class":114},[73,13964,854],{"class":105},[73,13966,13967,13969,13971,13973,13976,13978,13980,13983],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,13968,102],{"class":101},[73,13970,106],{"class":105},[73,13972,384],{"class":87},[73,13974,13975],{"class":91},"Copied:",[73,13977,384],{"class":87},[73,13979,149],{"class":105},[73,13981,13982],{"class":114}," copied",[73,13984,854],{"class":105},[73,13986,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,13988,102],{"class":101},[73,13990,106],{"class":105},[73,13992,11681],{"class":114},[73,13994,11789],{"class":646},[73,13996,13982],{"class":114},[73,13998,854],{"class":105},[20,14000,14001],{},[55,14002,1660],{},[64,14004,14006],{"className":66,"code":14005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14007,14008,14040,14073],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14009,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14011,12934],{"class":79},[73,14013,2475],{"class":105},[73,14015,10083],{"class":105},[73,14017,141],{"class":87},[73,14019,354],{"class":91},[73,14021,141],{"class":87},[73,14023,2475],{"class":105},[73,14025,5084],{"class":315},[73,14027,149],{"class":105},[73,14029,152],{"class":87},[73,14031,11340],{"class":91},[73,14033,141],{"class":87},[73,14035,2475],{"class":105},[73,14037,409],{"class":315},[73,14039,8901],{"class":105},[73,14041,14042,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14043,14044],{"class":79},"Copied",[73,14046,2475],{"class":105},[73,14048,10083],{"class":105},[73,14050,141],{"class":87},[73,14052,354],{"class":91},[73,14054,141],{"class":87},[73,14056,2475],{"class":105},[73,14058,9789],{"class":315},[73,14060,149],{"class":105},[73,14062,152],{"class":87},[73,14064,11340],{"class":91},[73,14066,141],{"class":87},[73,14068,2475],{"class":105},[73,14070,409],{"class":315},[73,14072,8901],{"class":105},[73,14074,14075],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14076,3627],{"class":3438},[20,14078,14079],{},"Summary:",[30,14081,14082,14088],{},[33,14083,14084,14087],{},[15,14085,14086],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14089,14090,14093],{},[15,14091,14092],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[59,14095,14097],{"id":14096},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14099,14100,2475],{},[15,14101,12373],{},[30,14103,14104,14107,14110,14113],{},[33,14105,14106],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14108,14109],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14111,14112],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14114,14115],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14117,714],{},[64,14119,14121],{"className":66,"code":14120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14122,14123,14155,14171,14175,14193,14213,14217,14235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14124,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14126,8757],{"class":79},[73,14128,84],{"class":83},[73,14130,10083],{"class":105},[73,14132,384],{"class":87},[73,14134,587],{"class":91},[73,14136,384],{"class":87},[73,14138,2475],{"class":105},[73,14140,5084],{"class":315},[73,14142,149],{"class":105},[73,14144,88],{"class":87},[73,14146,4350],{"class":91},[73,14148,384],{"class":87},[73,14150,2475],{"class":105},[73,14152,409],{"class":315},[73,14154,8901],{"class":105},[73,14156,14157,14160,14162,14165,14167,14169],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14158,14159],{"class":79},"data_copy ",[73,14161,84],{"class":83},[73,14163,14164],{"class":79}," data",[73,14166,817],{"class":105},[73,14168,12508],{"class":114},[73,14170,8233],{"class":105},[73,14172,14173],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14174,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,14176,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,14178,8796],{"class":79},[73,14180,138],{"class":105},[73,14182,384],{"class":87},[73,14184,587],{"class":91},[73,14186,384],{"class":87},[73,14188,12871],{"class":105},[73,14190,12874],{"class":83},[73,14192,316],{"class":315},[73,14194,14195,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,14196,14197],{"class":79},"data_copy",[73,14199,138],{"class":105},[73,14201,384],{"class":87},[73,14203,4350],{"class":91},[73,14205,384],{"class":87},[73,14207,12871],{"class":105},[73,14209,12874],{"class":83},[73,14211,14212],{"class":315}," 20\n",[73,14214,14215],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,14216,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,14218,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,14220,102],{"class":101},[73,14222,106],{"class":105},[73,14224,384],{"class":87},[73,14226,12892],{"class":91},[73,14228,384],{"class":87},[73,14230,149],{"class":105},[73,14232,14164],{"class":114},[73,14234,854],{"class":105},[73,14236,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14252],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,14238,102],{"class":101},[73,14240,106],{"class":105},[73,14242,384],{"class":87},[73,14244,12911],{"class":91},[73,14246,384],{"class":87},[73,14248,149],{"class":105},[73,14250,14251],{"class":114}," data_copy",[73,14253,854],{"class":105},[20,14255,14256],{},[55,14257,1660],{},[64,14259,14261],{"className":66,"code":14260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14262,14263,14295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14264,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14266,12934],{"class":79},[73,14268,2475],{"class":105},[73,14270,10083],{"class":105},[73,14272,141],{"class":87},[73,14274,587],{"class":91},[73,14276,141],{"class":87},[73,14278,2475],{"class":105},[73,14280,5592],{"class":315},[73,14282,149],{"class":105},[73,14284,152],{"class":87},[73,14286,4350],{"class":91},[73,14288,141],{"class":87},[73,14290,2475],{"class":105},[73,14292,409],{"class":315},[73,14294,8901],{"class":105},[73,14296,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14298,12971],{"class":79},[73,14300,2475],{"class":105},[73,14302,10083],{"class":105},[73,14304,141],{"class":87},[73,14306,587],{"class":91},[73,14308,141],{"class":87},[73,14310,2475],{"class":105},[73,14312,5084],{"class":315},[73,14314,149],{"class":105},[73,14316,152],{"class":87},[73,14318,4350],{"class":91},[73,14320,141],{"class":87},[73,14322,2475],{"class":105},[73,14324,7380],{"class":315},[73,14326,8901],{"class":105},[59,14328,1207],{"id":1206},[20,14330,14331,14332,2475],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14333,12030],{},[30,14335,14336,14343,14348,14353],{},[33,14337,438,14338,10685,14340,14342],{},[15,14339,84],{},[15,14341,12373],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14344,4168,14345,14347],{},[15,14346,12373],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14349,14350,14351],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14352,12373],{},[33,14354,14355],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14357,14358],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[64,14360,14362],{"className":66,"code":14361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14363,14364,14374,14384,14398,14421,14444],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14365,14366,14368,14370,14372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14367,102],{"class":101},[73,14369,106],{"class":105},[73,14371,11728],{"class":114},[73,14373,854],{"class":105},[73,14375,14376,14378,14380,14382],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14377,102],{"class":101},[73,14379,106],{"class":105},[73,14381,13928],{"class":114},[73,14383,854],{"class":105},[73,14385,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14387,102],{"class":101},[73,14389,106],{"class":105},[73,14391,11681],{"class":114},[73,14393,11789],{"class":646},[73,14395,13982],{"class":114},[73,14397,854],{"class":105},[73,14399,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14415,14417,14419],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,14401,102],{"class":101},[73,14403,106],{"class":105},[73,14405,12245],{"class":101},[73,14407,106],{"class":105},[73,14409,11728],{"class":114},[73,14411,8825],{"class":105},[73,14413,14414],{"class":101}," id",[73,14416,106],{"class":105},[73,14418,13928],{"class":114},[73,14420,118],{"class":105},[73,14422,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14440,14442],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,14424,102],{"class":101},[73,14426,106],{"class":105},[73,14428,12245],{"class":101},[73,14430,106],{"class":105},[73,14432,11728],{"class":114},[73,14434,138],{"class":105},[73,14436,384],{"class":87},[73,14438,14439],{"class":91},"key",[73,14441,384],{"class":87},[73,14443,417],{"class":105},[73,14445,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,14447,102],{"class":101},[73,14449,106],{"class":105},[73,14451,12245],{"class":101},[73,14453,106],{"class":105},[73,14455,13928],{"class":114},[73,14457,138],{"class":105},[73,14459,384],{"class":87},[73,14461,14439],{"class":91},[73,14463,384],{"class":87},[73,14465,417],{"class":105},[20,14467,14468],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14470,14471,14474,14477],{},[33,14472,14473],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14475,14476],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14478,14479],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14481,14482,14483,817],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[587,14484,14486],{"href":14485},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[59,14488,1405],{"id":1404},[292,14490,12300,14492,14494],{"id":14491},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14493,12030],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14496,14497],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[292,14499,14501,14502,14504],{"id":14500},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14503,12030],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14506,14507],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[292,14509,1419,14511,355,14513,1424],{"id":14510},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14512,12373],{},[15,14514,84],{},[20,14516,14517,14519,14520,14522],{},[15,14518,12373],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14521,84],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[292,14524,14526],{"id":14525},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14528,14529],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[59,14531,1461],{"id":1460},[30,14533,14534,14538,14542,14546,14553,14559],{},[33,14535,14536],{},[587,14537,10836],{"href":12623},[33,14539,14540],{},[587,14541,8747],{"href":12620},[33,14543,14544],{},[587,14545,13388],{"href":13387},[33,14547,14548],{},[587,14549,10329,14550,10333],{"href":13630},[15,14551,14552],{},"update()",[33,14554,14555],{},[587,14556,10329,14557,10333],{"href":12420},[15,14558,10915],{},[33,14560,14561],{},[587,14562,14563],{"href":14485},"How to copy a list in Python",[1500,14565,14566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":14568},[14569,14570,14572,14573,14574,14575,14577,14583,14584,14585,14594],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":12592,"depth":98,"text":14571},"What the copy() method does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":13031,"depth":98,"text":13032},{"id":13391,"depth":98,"text":14576},"When to use copy()",{"id":13640,"depth":98,"text":14578,"children":14579},"copy() vs assignment",[14580,14581],{"id":13657,"depth":332,"text":13658},{"id":13865,"depth":332,"text":14582},"Using copy()",{"id":14096,"depth":98,"text":14097},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":14586},[14587,14589,14591,14593],{"id":14491,"depth":332,"text":14588},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14500,"depth":332,"text":14590},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14510,"depth":332,"text":14592},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14525,"depth":332,"text":14526},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12426,"description":14595},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14602,"title":14603,"body":14604,"description":16801,"extension":1552,"meta":16802,"navigation":335,"path":12623,"seo":16803,"stem":16804,"__hash__":16805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14605,"toc":16763},[14606,14609,14615,14624,14626,14702,14706,14755,14758,14762,14776,14779,14783,14796,14799,14832,14846,14849,14861,14865,14868,14876,14956,14960,15013,15017,15035,15037,15119,15122,15124,15127,15130,15153,15177,15181,15189,15192,15196,15205,15210,15268,15272,15305,15311,15316,15319,15374,15378,15428,15431,15437,15440,15448,15450,15495,15500,15509,15512,15515,15562,15564,15569,15572,15666,15670,15723,15726,15782,15785,15789,15792,15806,15810,15876,15880,15905,15908,15912,15990,15994,15997,16000,16020,16023,16076,16080,16083,16086,16099,16101,16190,16197,16200,16211,16213,16216,16236,16240,16243,16252,16255,16294,16298,16300,16309,16318,16320,16358,16362,16409,16413,16434,16438,16441,16553,16558,16656,16677,16679,16683,16690,16694,16700,16704,16707,16711,16714,16721,16729,16731,16757,16760],[10,14607,14603],{"id":14608},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14610,14611,14612,14614],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[55,14613,8723],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14616,14617,14618,2468,14620,817],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[587,14619,8747],{"href":8746},[587,14621,14623],{"href":14622},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[59,14625,62],{"id":61},[64,14627,14629],{"className":66,"code":14628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14630,14631,14639,14657,14671,14684,14688,14692],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14632,14633,14635,14637],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14634,12460],{"class":79},[73,14636,84],{"class":83},[73,14638,11087],{"class":105},[73,14640,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14642,11092],{"class":87},[73,14644,115],{"class":91},[73,14646,384],{"class":87},[73,14648,2475],{"class":105},[73,14650,88],{"class":87},[73,14652,12477],{"class":91},[73,14654,384],{"class":87},[73,14656,11108],{"class":105},[73,14658,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14660,11092],{"class":87},[73,14662,8891],{"class":91},[73,14664,384],{"class":87},[73,14666,2475],{"class":105},[73,14668,7380],{"class":315},[73,14670,11108],{"class":105},[73,14672,14673,14675,14678,14680,14682],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,14674,11092],{"class":87},[73,14676,14677],{"class":91},"is_active",[73,14679,384],{"class":87},[73,14681,2475],{"class":105},[73,14683,6012],{"class":3438},[73,14685,14686],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,14687,8901],{"class":105},[73,14689,14690],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,14691,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,14693,14694,14696,14698,14700],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,14695,102],{"class":101},[73,14697,106],{"class":105},[73,14699,13223],{"class":114},[73,14701,854],{"class":105},[20,14703,14704],{},[55,14705,1660],{},[64,14707,14709],{"className":66,"code":14708,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14710,14711],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14712,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14714,8870],{"class":105},[73,14716,141],{"class":87},[73,14718,115],{"class":91},[73,14720,141],{"class":87},[73,14722,2475],{"class":105},[73,14724,152],{"class":87},[73,14726,12477],{"class":91},[73,14728,141],{"class":87},[73,14730,149],{"class":105},[73,14732,152],{"class":87},[73,14734,8891],{"class":91},[73,14736,141],{"class":87},[73,14738,2475],{"class":105},[73,14740,7380],{"class":315},[73,14742,149],{"class":105},[73,14744,152],{"class":87},[73,14746,14677],{"class":91},[73,14748,141],{"class":87},[73,14750,2475],{"class":105},[73,14752,3502],{"class":3438},[73,14754,8901],{"class":105},[20,14756,14757],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[59,14759,14761],{"id":14760},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14763,14764,14767,14770,14773],{},[33,14765,14766],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14768,14769],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14771,14772],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14774,14775],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[59,14777,14766],{"id":14778},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14780,8720,14781,817],{},[55,14782,8723],{},[30,14784,14785,14791],{},[33,14786,14787,14788,14790],{},"A ",[55,14789,14439],{}," is the label",[33,14792,14787,14793,14795],{},[55,14794,2063],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14797,14798],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[64,14800,14802],{"className":66,"code":14801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14803,14804,14812,14828],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14805,14806,14808,14810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14807,12460],{"class":79},[73,14809,84],{"class":83},[73,14811,11087],{"class":105},[73,14813,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14815,11092],{"class":87},[73,14817,115],{"class":91},[73,14819,384],{"class":87},[73,14821,2475],{"class":105},[73,14823,88],{"class":87},[73,14825,12477],{"class":91},[73,14827,95],{"class":87},[73,14829,14830],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14831,8901],{"class":105},[30,14833,14834,14840],{},[33,14835,14836,14839],{},[15,14837,14838],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,14841,14842,14845],{},[15,14843,14844],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14847,14848],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,14850,14851,14853,14855,14858],{},[33,14852,115],{},[33,14854,8891],{},[33,14856,14857],{},"email",[33,14859,14860],{},"country",[59,14862,14864],{"id":14863},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14866,14867],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14869,121,14870,14872,14873,817],{},[15,14871,3378],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14874,14875],{},"key: value",[64,14877,14879],{"className":66,"code":14878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14880,14881,14889,14907,14921,14938,14942,14946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14882,14883,14885,14887],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14884,12460],{"class":79},[73,14886,84],{"class":83},[73,14888,11087],{"class":105},[73,14890,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,14892,11092],{"class":87},[73,14894,115],{"class":91},[73,14896,384],{"class":87},[73,14898,2475],{"class":105},[73,14900,88],{"class":87},[73,14902,12477],{"class":91},[73,14904,384],{"class":87},[73,14906,11108],{"class":105},[73,14908,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,14910,11092],{"class":87},[73,14912,8891],{"class":91},[73,14914,384],{"class":87},[73,14916,2475],{"class":105},[73,14918,7380],{"class":315},[73,14920,11108],{"class":105},[73,14922,14923,14925,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,14924,11092],{"class":87},[73,14926,14927],{"class":91},"course",[73,14929,384],{"class":87},[73,14931,2475],{"class":105},[73,14933,88],{"class":87},[73,14935,6887],{"class":91},[73,14937,95],{"class":87},[73,14939,14940],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,14941,8901],{"class":105},[73,14943,14944],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,14945,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,14947,14948,14950,14952,14954],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,14949,102],{"class":101},[73,14951,106],{"class":105},[73,14953,13223],{"class":114},[73,14955,854],{"class":105},[20,14957,14958],{},[55,14959,1660],{},[64,14961,14963],{"className":66,"code":14962,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14964,14965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14966,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14968,8870],{"class":105},[73,14970,141],{"class":87},[73,14972,115],{"class":91},[73,14974,141],{"class":87},[73,14976,2475],{"class":105},[73,14978,152],{"class":87},[73,14980,12477],{"class":91},[73,14982,141],{"class":87},[73,14984,149],{"class":105},[73,14986,152],{"class":87},[73,14988,8891],{"class":91},[73,14990,141],{"class":87},[73,14992,2475],{"class":105},[73,14994,7380],{"class":315},[73,14996,149],{"class":105},[73,14998,152],{"class":87},[73,15000,14927],{"class":91},[73,15002,141],{"class":87},[73,15004,2475],{"class":105},[73,15006,152],{"class":87},[73,15008,6887],{"class":91},[73,15010,141],{"class":87},[73,15012,8901],{"class":105},[292,15014,15016],{"id":15015},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15018,15019,15024,15029,15032],{},[33,15020,121,15021,15023],{},[15,15022,3378],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15025,15026,15027],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15028,14875],{},[33,15030,15031],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15033,15034],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15036,714],{},[64,15038,15040],{"className":66,"code":15039,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15041,15042,15051,15071,15087,15100,15104,15108],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15043,15044,15047,15049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15045,15046],{"class":79},"book ",[73,15048,84],{"class":83},[73,15050,11087],{"class":105},[73,15052,15053,15055,15058,15060,15062,15064,15067,15069],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15054,11092],{"class":87},[73,15056,15057],{"class":91},"title",[73,15059,384],{"class":87},[73,15061,2475],{"class":105},[73,15063,88],{"class":87},[73,15065,15066],{"class":91},"Python Basics",[73,15068,384],{"class":87},[73,15070,11108],{"class":105},[73,15072,15073,15075,15078,15080,15082,15085],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15074,11092],{"class":87},[73,15076,15077],{"class":91},"pages",[73,15079,384],{"class":87},[73,15081,2475],{"class":105},[73,15083,15084],{"class":315}," 150",[73,15086,11108],{"class":105},[73,15088,15089,15091,15094,15096,15098],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15090,11092],{"class":87},[73,15092,15093],{"class":91},"available",[73,15095,384],{"class":87},[73,15097,2475],{"class":105},[73,15099,6012],{"class":3438},[73,15101,15102],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15103,8901],{"class":105},[73,15105,15106],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,15107,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15109,15110,15112,15114,15117],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,15111,102],{"class":101},[73,15113,106],{"class":105},[73,15115,15116],{"class":114},"book",[73,15118,854],{"class":105},[20,15120,15121],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[59,15123,8995],{"id":8994},[20,15125,15126],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15128,15129],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[64,15131,15133],{"className":66,"code":15132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15134,15135,15143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15136,15137,15139,15141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15138,8757],{"class":79},[73,15140,84],{"class":83},[73,15142,9431],{"class":105},[73,15144,15145,15147,15149,15151],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15146,102],{"class":101},[73,15148,106],{"class":105},[73,15150,8796],{"class":114},[73,15152,854],{"class":105},[64,15154,15155],{"className":66,"code":8998,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,15156,15157,15167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15158,15159,15161,15163,15165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15160,8757],{"class":79},[73,15162,84],{"class":83},[73,15164,8762],{"class":1270},[73,15166,8233],{"class":105},[73,15168,15169,15171,15173,15175],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15170,102],{"class":101},[73,15172,106],{"class":105},[73,15174,8796],{"class":114},[73,15176,854],{"class":105},[20,15178,15179],{},[55,15180,1660],{},[64,15182,15183],{"className":66,"code":9027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,15184,15185],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15186,15187],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15188,9027],{"class":105},[20,15190,15191],{},"Both are correct.",[292,15193,15195],{"id":15194},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15197,15198,15200,15201,15204],{},[15,15199,3378],{}," creates an empty ",[55,15202,15203],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15206,15207,15208,817],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15209,3383],{},[64,15211,15213],{"className":66,"code":15212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15214,15215,15223,15235,15239,15253],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15216,15217,15219,15221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15218,11319],{"class":79},[73,15220,84],{"class":83},[73,15222,9431],{"class":105},[73,15224,15225,15228,15230,15233],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15226,15227],{"class":79},"my_set ",[73,15229,84],{"class":83},[73,15231,15232],{"class":1270}," set",[73,15234,8233],{"class":105},[73,15236,15237],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15238,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15240,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15242,102],{"class":101},[73,15244,106],{"class":105},[73,15246,1271],{"class":1270},[73,15248,106],{"class":105},[73,15250,11044],{"class":114},[73,15252,118],{"class":105},[73,15254,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15266],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15256,102],{"class":101},[73,15258,106],{"class":105},[73,15260,1271],{"class":1270},[73,15262,106],{"class":105},[73,15264,15265],{"class":114},"my_set",[73,15267,118],{"class":105},[20,15269,15270],{},[55,15271,1660],{},[64,15273,15275],{"className":66,"code":15274,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15276,15277,15291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15278,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15280,2879],{"class":83},[73,15282,2882],{"class":633},[73,15284,152],{"class":87},[73,15286,8412],{"class":91},[73,15288,141],{"class":87},[73,15290,2891],{"class":83},[73,15292,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15294,2879],{"class":83},[73,15296,2882],{"class":633},[73,15298,152],{"class":87},[73,15300,5875],{"class":91},[73,15302,141],{"class":87},[73,15304,2891],{"class":83},[59,15306,15308,15309],{"id":15307},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15310,8711],{},[20,15312,863,15313,15315],{},[15,15314,8711],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15317,15318],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[64,15320,15322],{"className":66,"code":15321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15323,15324,15364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15325,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15353,15355,15358,15360,15362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15327,12460],{"class":79},[73,15329,84],{"class":83},[73,15331,8762],{"class":1270},[73,15333,106],{"class":105},[73,15335,115],{"class":8767},[73,15337,84],{"class":83},[73,15339,384],{"class":87},[73,15341,12477],{"class":91},[73,15343,384],{"class":87},[73,15345,149],{"class":105},[73,15347,8780],{"class":8767},[73,15349,84],{"class":83},[73,15351,15352],{"class":315},"20",[73,15354,149],{"class":105},[73,15356,15357],{"class":8767}," active",[73,15359,84],{"class":83},[73,15361,3190],{"class":3438},[73,15363,854],{"class":105},[73,15365,15366,15368,15370,15372],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15367,102],{"class":101},[73,15369,106],{"class":105},[73,15371,13223],{"class":114},[73,15373,854],{"class":105},[20,15375,15376],{},[55,15377,1660],{},[64,15379,15381],{"className":66,"code":15380,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15382,15383],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15384,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15420,15422,15424,15426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15386,8870],{"class":105},[73,15388,141],{"class":87},[73,15390,115],{"class":91},[73,15392,141],{"class":87},[73,15394,2475],{"class":105},[73,15396,152],{"class":87},[73,15398,12477],{"class":91},[73,15400,141],{"class":87},[73,15402,149],{"class":105},[73,15404,152],{"class":87},[73,15406,8891],{"class":91},[73,15408,141],{"class":87},[73,15410,2475],{"class":105},[73,15412,7380],{"class":315},[73,15414,149],{"class":105},[73,15416,152],{"class":87},[73,15418,15419],{"class":91},"active",[73,15421,141],{"class":87},[73,15423,2475],{"class":105},[73,15425,3502],{"class":3438},[73,15427,8901],{"class":105},[20,15429,15430],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[292,15432,15434,15435],{"id":15433},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15436,8711],{},[20,15438,15439],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15441,15442,15445],{},[33,15443,15444],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15446,15447],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15449,6278],{},[64,15451,15453],{"className":66,"code":15452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15454,15455,15485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15456,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15458,11082],{"class":79},[73,15460,84],{"class":83},[73,15462,8762],{"class":1270},[73,15464,106],{"class":105},[73,15466,115],{"class":8767},[73,15468,84],{"class":83},[73,15470,384],{"class":87},[73,15472,327],{"class":91},[73,15474,384],{"class":87},[73,15476,149],{"class":105},[73,15478,8780],{"class":8767},[73,15480,84],{"class":83},[73,15482,8785],{"class":315},[73,15484,854],{"class":105},[73,15486,15487,15489,15491,15493],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15488,102],{"class":101},[73,15490,106],{"class":105},[73,15492,11176],{"class":114},[73,15494,854],{"class":105},[20,15496,4217,15497,15499],{},[55,15498,806],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[64,15501,15503],{"className":66,"code":15502,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15504,15505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15506,15507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15508,15502],{"class":3249},[20,15510,15511],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15513,15514],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[64,15516,15518],{"className":66,"code":15517,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15519,15520,15528,15544,15548,15552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15521,15522,15524,15526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15523,11082],{"class":79},[73,15525,84],{"class":83},[73,15527,11087],{"class":105},[73,15529,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15531,11092],{"class":87},[73,15533,10088],{"class":91},[73,15535,384],{"class":87},[73,15537,2475],{"class":105},[73,15539,88],{"class":87},[73,15541,327],{"class":91},[73,15543,95],{"class":87},[73,15545,15546],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15547,8901],{"class":105},[73,15549,15550],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15551,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15553,15554,15556,15558,15560],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15555,102],{"class":101},[73,15557,106],{"class":105},[73,15559,11176],{"class":114},[73,15561,854],{"class":105},[59,15563,9037],{"id":9036},[20,15565,15566,15568],{},[15,15567,8711],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15570,15571],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[64,15573,15575],{"className":66,"code":15574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15576,15577,15634,15638,15652,15656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15578,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15630,15632],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15580,8807],{"class":79},[73,15582,84],{"class":83},[73,15584,8812],{"class":105},[73,15586,384],{"class":87},[73,15588,115],{"class":91},[73,15590,384],{"class":87},[73,15592,149],{"class":105},[73,15594,88],{"class":87},[73,15596,12477],{"class":91},[73,15598,384],{"class":87},[73,15600,8825],{"class":105},[73,15602,8828],{"class":105},[73,15604,384],{"class":87},[73,15606,8891],{"class":91},[73,15608,384],{"class":87},[73,15610,149],{"class":105},[73,15612,7380],{"class":315},[73,15614,8825],{"class":105},[73,15616,8828],{"class":105},[73,15618,384],{"class":87},[73,15620,10001],{"class":91},[73,15622,384],{"class":87},[73,15624,149],{"class":105},[73,15626,88],{"class":87},[73,15628,15629],{"class":91},"Lima",[73,15631,384],{"class":87},[73,15633,8841],{"class":105},[73,15635,15636],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15637,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15639,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15641,12460],{"class":79},[73,15643,84],{"class":83},[73,15645,8762],{"class":1270},[73,15647,106],{"class":105},[73,15649,8854],{"class":114},[73,15651,854],{"class":105},[73,15653,15654],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15655,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15657,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15659,102],{"class":101},[73,15661,106],{"class":105},[73,15663,13223],{"class":114},[73,15665,854],{"class":105},[20,15667,15668],{},[55,15669,1660],{},[64,15671,15673],{"className":66,"code":15672,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15674,15675],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15676,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15678,8870],{"class":105},[73,15680,141],{"class":87},[73,15682,115],{"class":91},[73,15684,141],{"class":87},[73,15686,2475],{"class":105},[73,15688,152],{"class":87},[73,15690,12477],{"class":91},[73,15692,141],{"class":87},[73,15694,149],{"class":105},[73,15696,152],{"class":87},[73,15698,8891],{"class":91},[73,15700,141],{"class":87},[73,15702,2475],{"class":105},[73,15704,7380],{"class":315},[73,15706,149],{"class":105},[73,15708,152],{"class":87},[73,15710,10001],{"class":91},[73,15712,141],{"class":87},[73,15714,2475],{"class":105},[73,15716,152],{"class":87},[73,15718,15629],{"class":91},[73,15720,141],{"class":87},[73,15722,8901],{"class":105},[20,15724,15725],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[64,15727,15729],{"className":66,"code":15728,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15730,15731,15772],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15732,15733,15735,15737,15739,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15734,12460],{"class":79},[73,15736,84],{"class":83},[73,15738,8762],{"class":1270},[73,15740,15741],{"class":105},"(((",[73,15743,384],{"class":87},[73,15745,115],{"class":91},[73,15747,384],{"class":87},[73,15749,149],{"class":105},[73,15751,88],{"class":87},[73,15753,12477],{"class":91},[73,15755,384],{"class":87},[73,15757,8825],{"class":105},[73,15759,8828],{"class":105},[73,15761,384],{"class":87},[73,15763,8891],{"class":91},[73,15765,384],{"class":87},[73,15767,149],{"class":105},[73,15769,7380],{"class":315},[73,15771,2503],{"class":105},[73,15773,15774,15776,15778,15780],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15775,102],{"class":101},[73,15777,106],{"class":105},[73,15779,13223],{"class":114},[73,15781,854],{"class":105},[20,15783,15784],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[59,15786,15788],{"id":15787},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15790,15791],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15793,15794,15797,15800,15803],{},[33,15795,15796],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15798,15799],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15801,15802],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15804,15805],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[292,15807,15809],{"id":15808},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[64,15811,15813],{"className":66,"code":15812,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15814,15815,15823,15841,15858,15862,15866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15816,15817,15819,15821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15818,8757],{"class":79},[73,15820,84],{"class":83},[73,15822,11087],{"class":105},[73,15824,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15826,11092],{"class":87},[73,15828,115],{"class":91},[73,15830,384],{"class":87},[73,15832,2475],{"class":105},[73,15834,88],{"class":87},[73,15836,12477],{"class":91},[73,15838,384],{"class":87},[73,15840,11108],{"class":105},[73,15842,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15856],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15844,11092],{"class":87},[73,15846,115],{"class":91},[73,15848,384],{"class":87},[73,15850,2475],{"class":105},[73,15852,88],{"class":87},[73,15854,15855],{"class":91},"Maria",[73,15857,95],{"class":87},[73,15859,15860],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15861,8901],{"class":105},[73,15863,15864],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15865,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15867,15868,15870,15872,15874],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,15869,102],{"class":101},[73,15871,106],{"class":105},[73,15873,8796],{"class":114},[73,15875,854],{"class":105},[20,15877,15878],{},[55,15879,1660],{},[64,15881,15883],{"className":66,"code":15882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15884,15885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15886,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15888,8870],{"class":105},[73,15890,141],{"class":87},[73,15892,115],{"class":91},[73,15894,141],{"class":87},[73,15896,2475],{"class":105},[73,15898,152],{"class":87},[73,15900,15855],{"class":91},[73,15902,141],{"class":87},[73,15904,8901],{"class":105},[20,15906,15907],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[292,15909,15911],{"id":15910},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[64,15913,15915],{"className":66,"code":15914,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15916,15917,15925,15941,15957,15971,15975,15979],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15918,15919,15921,15923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15920,4654],{"class":79},[73,15922,84],{"class":83},[73,15924,11087],{"class":105},[73,15926,15927,15930,15932,15934,15937,15939],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,15928,15929],{"class":315},"    1",[73,15931,2475],{"class":105},[73,15933,88],{"class":87},[73,15935,15936],{"class":91},"low",[73,15938,384],{"class":87},[73,15940,11108],{"class":105},[73,15942,15943,15946,15948,15950,15953,15955],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,15944,15945],{"class":315},"    2",[73,15947,2475],{"class":105},[73,15949,88],{"class":87},[73,15951,15952],{"class":91},"medium",[73,15954,384],{"class":87},[73,15956,11108],{"class":105},[73,15958,15959,15962,15964,15966,15969],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,15960,15961],{"class":315},"    3",[73,15963,2475],{"class":105},[73,15965,88],{"class":87},[73,15967,15968],{"class":91},"high",[73,15970,95],{"class":87},[73,15972,15973],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,15974,8901],{"class":105},[73,15976,15977],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,15978,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,15980,15981,15983,15985,15988],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,15982,102],{"class":101},[73,15984,106],{"class":105},[73,15986,15987],{"class":114},"scores",[73,15989,854],{"class":105},[292,15991,15993],{"id":15992},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15995,15996],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15998,15999],{},"This will cause an error:",[64,16001,16003],{"className":66,"code":16002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16004,16005,16010,16015],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16006,16007],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16008,16009],{"class":3249},"# bad = {\n",[73,16011,16012],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16013,16014],{"class":3249},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[73,16016,16017],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16018,16019],{"class":3249},"# }\n",[20,16021,16022],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[64,16024,16026],{"className":66,"code":16025,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16027,16028,16037,16057,16061,16065],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16029,16030,16033,16035],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16031,16032],{"class":79},"good ",[73,16034,84],{"class":83},[73,16036,11087],{"class":105},[73,16038,16039,16042,16044,16046,16048,16051,16053,16055],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16040,16041],{"class":105},"    (",[73,16043,404],{"class":315},[73,16045,149],{"class":105},[73,16047,409],{"class":315},[73,16049,16050],{"class":105},"):",[73,16052,88],{"class":87},[73,16054,553],{"class":91},[73,16056,95],{"class":87},[73,16058,16059],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16060,8901],{"class":105},[73,16062,16063],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,16064,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,16066,16067,16069,16071,16074],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,16068,102],{"class":101},[73,16070,106],{"class":105},[73,16072,16073],{"class":114},"good",[73,16075,854],{"class":105},[59,16077,16079],{"id":16078},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16081,16082],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16084,16085],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16087,16088,16091,16093,16096],{},[33,16089,16090],{},"user data",[33,16092,13482],{},[33,16094,16095],{},"counters",[33,16097,16098],{},"lookups",[20,16100,714],{},[64,16102,16104],{"className":66,"code":16103,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16105,16106,16114,16133,16152,16164,16168,16172],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16107,16108,16110,16112],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16109,11082],{"class":79},[73,16111,84],{"class":83},[73,16113,11087],{"class":105},[73,16115,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16129,16131],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16117,11092],{"class":87},[73,16119,7575],{"class":91},[73,16121,384],{"class":87},[73,16123,2475],{"class":105},[73,16125,88],{"class":87},[73,16127,16128],{"class":91},"ana123",[73,16130,384],{"class":87},[73,16132,11108],{"class":105},[73,16134,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16148,16150],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16136,11092],{"class":87},[73,16138,14857],{"class":91},[73,16140,384],{"class":87},[73,16142,2475],{"class":105},[73,16144,88],{"class":87},[73,16146,16147],{"class":91},"ana@example.com",[73,16149,384],{"class":87},[73,16151,11108],{"class":105},[73,16153,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,16155,11092],{"class":87},[73,16157,12110],{"class":91},[73,16159,384],{"class":87},[73,16161,2475],{"class":105},[73,16163,6012],{"class":3438},[73,16165,16166],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,16167,8901],{"class":105},[73,16169,16170],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,16171,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,16173,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,16175,102],{"class":101},[73,16177,106],{"class":105},[73,16179,11176],{"class":114},[73,16181,138],{"class":105},[73,16183,384],{"class":87},[73,16185,14857],{"class":91},[73,16187,384],{"class":87},[73,16189,3475],{"class":105},[20,16191,16192,16193,817],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[587,16194,16196],{"href":16195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16198,16199],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16201,16202,16205,16208],{},[33,16203,16204],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16206,16207],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16209,16210],{},"order matters more than named fields",[59,16212,1207],{"id":1206},[20,16214,16215],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16217,16218,16221,16224,16227,16230],{},[33,16219,16220],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16222,16223],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16225,16226],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16228,16229],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16231,16232,16233,16235],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16234,3378],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[292,16237,16239],{"id":16238},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16241,16242],{},"Wrong:",[64,16244,16246],{"className":66,"code":16245,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16247,16248],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16249,16250],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16251,16245],{"class":3249},[20,16253,16254],{},"Correct:",[64,16256,16258],{"className":66,"code":16257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16259,16260,16284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16261,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16263,12460],{"class":79},[73,16265,84],{"class":83},[73,16267,10083],{"class":105},[73,16269,384],{"class":87},[73,16271,115],{"class":91},[73,16273,384],{"class":87},[73,16275,2475],{"class":105},[73,16277,88],{"class":87},[73,16279,12477],{"class":91},[73,16281,384],{"class":87},[73,16283,8901],{"class":105},[73,16285,16286,16288,16290,16292],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16287,102],{"class":101},[73,16289,106],{"class":105},[73,16291,13223],{"class":114},[73,16293,854],{"class":105},[292,16295,16297],{"id":16296},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16299,16242],{},[64,16301,16303],{"className":66,"code":16302,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16304,16305],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16306,16307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16308,16302],{"class":3249},[20,16310,16311,16312,16314,16315,16317],{},"This only works if ",[15,16313,115],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16316,14838],{},", use quotes.",[20,16319,16254],{},[64,16321,16322],{"className":66,"code":16257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,16323,16324,16348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16325,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16327,12460],{"class":79},[73,16329,84],{"class":83},[73,16331,10083],{"class":105},[73,16333,384],{"class":87},[73,16335,115],{"class":91},[73,16337,384],{"class":87},[73,16339,2475],{"class":105},[73,16341,88],{"class":87},[73,16343,12477],{"class":91},[73,16345,384],{"class":87},[73,16347,8901],{"class":105},[73,16349,16350,16352,16354,16356],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16351,102],{"class":101},[73,16353,106],{"class":105},[73,16355,13223],{"class":114},[73,16357,854],{"class":105},[292,16359,16361],{"id":16360},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[64,16363,16365],{"className":66,"code":16364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16366,16367,16399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16368,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16370,8757],{"class":79},[73,16372,84],{"class":83},[73,16374,10083],{"class":105},[73,16376,384],{"class":87},[73,16378,8891],{"class":91},[73,16380,384],{"class":87},[73,16382,2475],{"class":105},[73,16384,7380],{"class":315},[73,16386,149],{"class":105},[73,16388,88],{"class":87},[73,16390,8891],{"class":91},[73,16392,384],{"class":87},[73,16394,2475],{"class":105},[73,16396,7385],{"class":315},[73,16398,8901],{"class":105},[73,16400,16401,16403,16405,16407],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16402,102],{"class":101},[73,16404,106],{"class":105},[73,16406,8796],{"class":114},[73,16408,854],{"class":105},[20,16410,16411],{},[55,16412,1660],{},[64,16414,16416],{"className":66,"code":16415,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16417,16418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16421,8870],{"class":105},[73,16423,141],{"class":87},[73,16425,8891],{"class":91},[73,16427,141],{"class":87},[73,16429,2475],{"class":105},[73,16431,7385],{"class":315},[73,16433,8901],{"class":105},[59,16435,16437],{"id":16436},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16439,16440],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[64,16442,16444],{"className":66,"code":16443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16445,16446,16482,16486,16496,16510,16525,16539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16447,16448,16450,16452,16454,16456,16458,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16449,11319],{"class":79},[73,16451,84],{"class":83},[73,16453,10083],{"class":105},[73,16455,384],{"class":87},[73,16457,115],{"class":91},[73,16459,384],{"class":87},[73,16461,2475],{"class":105},[73,16463,88],{"class":87},[73,16465,12477],{"class":91},[73,16467,384],{"class":87},[73,16469,149],{"class":105},[73,16471,88],{"class":87},[73,16473,8891],{"class":91},[73,16475,384],{"class":87},[73,16477,2475],{"class":105},[73,16479,7380],{"class":315},[73,16481,8901],{"class":105},[73,16483,16484],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16485,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,16487,16488,16490,16492,16494],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16489,102],{"class":101},[73,16491,106],{"class":105},[73,16493,11044],{"class":114},[73,16495,854],{"class":105},[73,16497,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,16499,102],{"class":101},[73,16501,106],{"class":105},[73,16503,1271],{"class":1270},[73,16505,106],{"class":105},[73,16507,11044],{"class":114},[73,16509,118],{"class":105},[73,16511,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16523],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,16513,102],{"class":101},[73,16515,106],{"class":105},[73,16517,11044],{"class":114},[73,16519,817],{"class":105},[73,16521,16522],{"class":114},"keys",[73,16524,348],{"class":105},[73,16526,16527,16529,16531,16533,16535,16537],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,16528,102],{"class":101},[73,16530,106],{"class":105},[73,16532,11044],{"class":114},[73,16534,817],{"class":105},[73,16536,4945],{"class":114},[73,16538,348],{"class":105},[73,16540,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,16542,102],{"class":101},[73,16544,106],{"class":105},[73,16546,10755],{"class":101},[73,16548,106],{"class":105},[73,16550,11044],{"class":114},[73,16552,118],{"class":105},[20,16554,16555],{},[55,16556,16557],{},"Example output:",[64,16559,16561],{"className":66,"code":16560,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16562,16563,16595,16609,16632,16651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16564,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16566,8870],{"class":105},[73,16568,141],{"class":87},[73,16570,115],{"class":91},[73,16572,141],{"class":87},[73,16574,2475],{"class":105},[73,16576,152],{"class":87},[73,16578,12477],{"class":91},[73,16580,141],{"class":87},[73,16582,149],{"class":105},[73,16584,152],{"class":87},[73,16586,8891],{"class":91},[73,16588,141],{"class":87},[73,16590,2475],{"class":105},[73,16592,7380],{"class":315},[73,16594,8901],{"class":105},[73,16596,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16598,2879],{"class":83},[73,16600,2882],{"class":633},[73,16602,152],{"class":87},[73,16604,8412],{"class":91},[73,16606,141],{"class":87},[73,16608,2891],{"class":83},[73,16610,16611,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16612,16613],{"class":114},"dict_keys",[73,16615,401],{"class":105},[73,16617,141],{"class":87},[73,16619,115],{"class":91},[73,16621,141],{"class":87},[73,16623,149],{"class":105},[73,16625,152],{"class":87},[73,16627,8891],{"class":91},[73,16629,141],{"class":87},[73,16631,3475],{"class":105},[73,16633,16634,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,16635,16636],{"class":114},"dict_values",[73,16638,401],{"class":105},[73,16640,141],{"class":87},[73,16642,12477],{"class":91},[73,16644,141],{"class":87},[73,16646,149],{"class":105},[73,16648,7380],{"class":315},[73,16650,3475],{"class":105},[73,16652,16653],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,16654,16655],{"class":315},"2\n",[20,16657,16658,16659,995,16665,1002,16671,817],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[587,16660,10329,16662],{"href":16661},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16663,16664],{},"keys()",[587,16666,10329,16668],{"href":16667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16669,16670],{},"values()",[587,16672,10329,16674],{"href":16673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16675,16676],{},"items()",[59,16678,1405],{"id":1404},[292,16680,16682],{"id":16681},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16684,121,16685,2468,16687,16689],{},[15,16686,3378],{},[15,16688,8711],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[292,16691,16693],{"id":16692},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16695,16696,16697,817],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16698,16699],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[292,16701,16703],{"id":16702},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16705,16706],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[292,16708,16710],{"id":16709},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16712,16713],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[292,16715,1419,16717,355,16719,1424],{"id":16716},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16718,3378],{},[15,16720,8711],{},[20,16722,16723,16725,16726,16728],{},[15,16724,3378],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16727,8711],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[59,16730,1461],{"id":1460},[30,16732,16733,16737,16743,16747,16753],{},[33,16734,16735],{},[587,16736,8747],{"href":8746},[33,16738,16739],{},[587,16740,10329,16741,10333],{"href":10328},[15,16742,10332],{},[33,16744,16745],{},[587,16746,10845],{"href":10323},[33,16748,16749],{},[587,16750,16752],{"href":16751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16754,16755],{},[587,16756,10856],{"href":10667},[20,16758,16759],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1500,16761,16762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":16764},[16765,16766,16767,16768,16771,16774,16779,16780,16785,16786,16791,16792,16800],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":14778,"depth":98,"text":14766},{"id":14863,"depth":98,"text":14864,"children":16769},[16770],{"id":15015,"depth":332,"text":15016},{"id":8994,"depth":98,"text":8995,"children":16772},[16773],{"id":15194,"depth":332,"text":15195},{"id":15307,"depth":98,"text":16775,"children":16776},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16777],{"id":15433,"depth":332,"text":16778},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9036,"depth":98,"text":9037},{"id":15787,"depth":98,"text":15788,"children":16781},[16782,16783,16784],{"id":15808,"depth":332,"text":15809},{"id":15910,"depth":332,"text":15911},{"id":15992,"depth":332,"text":15993},{"id":16078,"depth":98,"text":16079},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":16787},[16788,16789,16790],{"id":16238,"depth":332,"text":16239},{"id":16296,"depth":332,"text":16297},{"id":16360,"depth":332,"text":16361},{"id":16436,"depth":98,"text":16437},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":16793},[16794,16795,16796,16797,16798],{"id":16681,"depth":332,"text":16682},{"id":16692,"depth":332,"text":16693},{"id":16702,"depth":332,"text":16703},{"id":16709,"depth":332,"text":16710},{"id":16716,"depth":332,"text":16799},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14603,"description":16801},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16807,"title":16808,"body":16809,"description":19259,"extension":1552,"meta":19260,"navigation":335,"path":19261,"seo":19262,"stem":19263,"__hash__":19264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16810,"toc":19215},[16811,16817,16823,16826,16829,16831,16913,16919,16924,16928,16946,16958,16963,16967,16990,16994,17006,17014,17018,17024,17026,17029,17104,17106,17151,17153,17170,17175,17181,17186,17260,17262,17307,17310,17321,17323,17442,17444,17497,17504,17508,17511,17528,17534,17538,17636,17638,17690,17697,17701,17707,17710,17713,17740,17745,17749,17752,17856,17858,17903,17906,17909,17914,17919,17930,17932,17993,18052,18058,18066,18072,18077,18082,18142,18146,18213,18216,18220,18291,18294,18307,18314,18316,18320,18324,18395,18397,18434,18437,18440,18503,18510,18513,18555,18565,18568,18637,18643,18648,18732,18734,18783,18790,18796,18841,18843,18876,18881,18885,18891,18930,18974,19042,19085,19087,19093,19096,19100,19105,19109,19112,19116,19118,19179,19181,19207,19212],[10,16812,10912,16814,10916],{"id":16813},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16815,16816],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16818,16819,16822],{},[15,16820,16821],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16824,16825],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16827,16828],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[59,16830,62],{"id":61},[64,16832,16834],{"className":66,"code":16833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16835,16836,16869,16897,16908],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16837,16838,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16839,16840],{"class":79},"keys ",[73,16842,84],{"class":83},[73,16844,528],{"class":105},[73,16846,384],{"class":87},[73,16848,115],{"class":91},[73,16850,384],{"class":87},[73,16852,149],{"class":105},[73,16854,88],{"class":87},[73,16856,8891],{"class":91},[73,16858,384],{"class":87},[73,16860,149],{"class":105},[73,16862,88],{"class":87},[73,16864,10001],{"class":91},[73,16866,384],{"class":87},[73,16868,229],{"class":105},[73,16870,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16893,16895],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,16872,12802],{"class":79},[73,16874,84],{"class":83},[73,16876,8762],{"class":1270},[73,16878,817],{"class":105},[73,16880,16881],{"class":114},"fromkeys",[73,16883,106],{"class":105},[73,16885,16522],{"class":114},[73,16887,149],{"class":105},[73,16889,88],{"class":87},[73,16891,16892],{"class":91},"unknown",[73,16894,384],{"class":87},[73,16896,854],{"class":105},[73,16898,16899,16901,16903,16906],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,16900,102],{"class":101},[73,16902,106],{"class":105},[73,16904,16905],{"class":114},"person",[73,16907,854],{"class":105},[73,16909,16910],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,16911,16912],{"class":3249},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16914,121,16915,16918],{},[15,16916,16917],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[59,16920,236,16922,239],{"id":16921},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16923,16821],{},[20,16925,16926,2475],{},[15,16927,16821],{},[30,16929,16930,16933,16936,16939],{},[33,16931,16932],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,16934,16935],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,16937,16938],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,16940,16941,16942,16945],{},"Is called as ",[15,16943,16944],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16947,16948,16949,16951,16952,16954,16955,817],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16950,8412],{},", so you write ",[15,16953,16944],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16956,16957],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16959,16960,16961,817],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[587,16962,8747],{"href":12620},[59,16964,16966],{"id":16965},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[64,16968,16970],{"className":66,"code":16969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16971,16972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16973,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16975,8412],{"class":1270},[73,16977,817],{"class":105},[73,16979,16881],{"class":114},[73,16981,106],{"class":105},[73,16983,3306],{"class":114},[73,16985,149],{"class":105},[73,16987,8024],{"class":114},[73,16989,854],{"class":105},[292,16991,16993],{"id":16992},"parameters","Parameters",[30,16995,16996,17001],{},[33,16997,16998,17000],{},[15,16999,3306],{},": the keys to use",[33,17002,17003,17005],{},[15,17004,2063],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17007,17008,17009,17011,17012,817],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17010,2063],{},", each key gets ",[15,17013,3364],{},[292,17015,17017],{"id":17016},"return-value","Return value",[20,17019,17020,17021,817],{},"It returns a ",[55,17022,17023],{},"new dictionary",[59,17025,5374],{"id":5373},[20,17027,17028],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[64,17030,17032],{"className":66,"code":17031,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17033,17034,17067,17089,17093],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17035,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17037,16840],{"class":79},[73,17039,84],{"class":83},[73,17041,528],{"class":105},[73,17043,384],{"class":87},[73,17045,12690],{"class":91},[73,17047,384],{"class":87},[73,17049,149],{"class":105},[73,17051,88],{"class":87},[73,17053,17054],{"class":91},"green",[73,17056,384],{"class":87},[73,17058,149],{"class":105},[73,17060,88],{"class":87},[73,17062,12707],{"class":91},[73,17064,384],{"class":87},[73,17066,229],{"class":105},[73,17068,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17070,12673],{"class":79},[73,17072,84],{"class":83},[73,17074,8762],{"class":1270},[73,17076,817],{"class":105},[73,17078,16881],{"class":114},[73,17080,106],{"class":105},[73,17082,16522],{"class":114},[73,17084,149],{"class":105},[73,17086,3420],{"class":315},[73,17088,854],{"class":105},[73,17090,17091],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,17092,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17094,17095,17097,17099,17102],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,17096,102],{"class":101},[73,17098,106],{"class":105},[73,17100,17101],{"class":114},"colors",[73,17103,854],{"class":105},[20,17105,1660],{},[64,17107,17109],{"className":66,"code":17108,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17110,17111],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17112,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17114,8870],{"class":105},[73,17116,141],{"class":87},[73,17118,12690],{"class":91},[73,17120,141],{"class":87},[73,17122,2475],{"class":105},[73,17124,3420],{"class":315},[73,17126,149],{"class":105},[73,17128,152],{"class":87},[73,17130,17054],{"class":91},[73,17132,141],{"class":87},[73,17134,2475],{"class":105},[73,17136,3420],{"class":315},[73,17138,149],{"class":105},[73,17140,152],{"class":87},[73,17142,12707],{"class":91},[73,17144,141],{"class":87},[73,17146,2475],{"class":105},[73,17148,3420],{"class":315},[73,17150,8901],{"class":105},[20,17152,11278],{},[30,17154,17155,17160,17165],{},[33,17156,17157,17159],{},[15,17158,16522],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17161,17162,17164],{},[15,17163,1710],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17166,17167,17169],{},[15,17168,16821],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17171,17172,17173,817],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[587,17174,8984],{"href":12623},[59,17176,438,17178,17180],{"id":17177},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17179,16816],{}," without a value",[20,17182,17183,17184,817],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17185,3364],{},[64,17187,17189],{"className":66,"code":17188,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17190,17191,17225,17245,17249],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17192,17193,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17221,17223],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17194,17195],{"class":79},"fields ",[73,17197,84],{"class":83},[73,17199,528],{"class":105},[73,17201,384],{"class":87},[73,17203,7575],{"class":91},[73,17205,384],{"class":87},[73,17207,149],{"class":105},[73,17209,88],{"class":87},[73,17211,14857],{"class":91},[73,17213,384],{"class":87},[73,17215,149],{"class":105},[73,17217,88],{"class":87},[73,17219,17220],{"class":91},"password",[73,17222,384],{"class":87},[73,17224,229],{"class":105},[73,17226,17227,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17243],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17228,17229],{"class":79},"user_data ",[73,17231,84],{"class":83},[73,17233,8762],{"class":1270},[73,17235,817],{"class":105},[73,17237,16881],{"class":114},[73,17239,106],{"class":105},[73,17241,17242],{"class":114},"fields",[73,17244,854],{"class":105},[73,17246,17247],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,17248,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17250,17251,17253,17255,17258],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,17252,102],{"class":101},[73,17254,106],{"class":105},[73,17256,17257],{"class":114},"user_data",[73,17259,854],{"class":105},[20,17261,1660],{},[64,17263,17265],{"className":66,"code":17264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17266,17267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17268,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17270,8870],{"class":105},[73,17272,141],{"class":87},[73,17274,7575],{"class":91},[73,17276,141],{"class":87},[73,17278,2475],{"class":105},[73,17280,3439],{"class":3438},[73,17282,149],{"class":105},[73,17284,152],{"class":87},[73,17286,14857],{"class":91},[73,17288,141],{"class":87},[73,17290,2475],{"class":105},[73,17292,3439],{"class":3438},[73,17294,149],{"class":105},[73,17296,152],{"class":87},[73,17298,17220],{"class":91},[73,17300,141],{"class":87},[73,17302,2475],{"class":105},[73,17304,3439],{"class":3438},[73,17306,8901],{"class":105},[20,17308,17309],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17311,17312,17315,17318],{},[33,17313,17314],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17316,17317],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17319,17320],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17322,714],{},[64,17324,17326],{"className":66,"code":17325,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17327,17328,17360,17378,17382,17405,17428,17432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17329,17330,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17331,17195],{"class":79},[73,17333,84],{"class":83},[73,17335,528],{"class":105},[73,17337,384],{"class":87},[73,17339,7575],{"class":91},[73,17341,384],{"class":87},[73,17343,149],{"class":105},[73,17345,88],{"class":87},[73,17347,14857],{"class":91},[73,17349,384],{"class":87},[73,17351,149],{"class":105},[73,17353,88],{"class":87},[73,17355,17220],{"class":91},[73,17357,384],{"class":87},[73,17359,229],{"class":105},[73,17361,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17363,17229],{"class":79},[73,17365,84],{"class":83},[73,17367,8762],{"class":1270},[73,17369,817],{"class":105},[73,17371,16881],{"class":114},[73,17373,106],{"class":105},[73,17375,17242],{"class":114},[73,17377,854],{"class":105},[73,17379,17380],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,17381,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17383,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17403],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,17385,17257],{"class":79},[73,17387,138],{"class":105},[73,17389,384],{"class":87},[73,17391,7575],{"class":91},[73,17393,384],{"class":87},[73,17395,12871],{"class":105},[73,17397,12874],{"class":83},[73,17399,88],{"class":87},[73,17401,17402],{"class":91},"alice",[73,17404,95],{"class":87},[73,17406,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17426],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,17408,17257],{"class":79},[73,17410,138],{"class":105},[73,17412,384],{"class":87},[73,17414,14857],{"class":91},[73,17416,384],{"class":87},[73,17418,12871],{"class":105},[73,17420,12874],{"class":83},[73,17422,88],{"class":87},[73,17424,17425],{"class":91},"alice@example.com",[73,17427,95],{"class":87},[73,17429,17430],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,17431,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17433,17434,17436,17438,17440],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,17435,102],{"class":101},[73,17437,106],{"class":105},[73,17439,17257],{"class":114},[73,17441,854],{"class":105},[20,17443,1660],{},[64,17445,17447],{"className":66,"code":17446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17448,17449],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17450,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17452,8870],{"class":105},[73,17454,141],{"class":87},[73,17456,7575],{"class":91},[73,17458,141],{"class":87},[73,17460,2475],{"class":105},[73,17462,152],{"class":87},[73,17464,17402],{"class":91},[73,17466,141],{"class":87},[73,17468,149],{"class":105},[73,17470,152],{"class":87},[73,17472,14857],{"class":91},[73,17474,141],{"class":87},[73,17476,2475],{"class":105},[73,17478,152],{"class":87},[73,17480,17425],{"class":91},[73,17482,141],{"class":87},[73,17484,149],{"class":105},[73,17486,152],{"class":87},[73,17488,17220],{"class":91},[73,17490,141],{"class":87},[73,17492,2475],{"class":105},[73,17494,3439],{"class":3438},[73,17496,8901],{"class":105},[20,17498,17499,17500,817],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[587,17501,17503],{"href":17502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[59,17505,17507],{"id":17506},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17509,17510],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17512,17513,17518,17523],{},[33,17514,17515,17517],{},[15,17516,3373],{}," (list)",[33,17519,17520,17522],{},[15,17521,3378],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17524,17525,17527],{},[15,17526,3383],{}," (set)",[20,17529,17530,17531,817],{},"All keys will point to the ",[55,17532,17533],{},"same object",[292,17535,17537],{"id":17536},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[64,17539,17541],{"className":66,"code":17540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17542,17543,17575,17596,17600,17622,17626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17544,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17546,16840],{"class":79},[73,17548,84],{"class":83},[73,17550,528],{"class":105},[73,17552,384],{"class":87},[73,17554,587],{"class":91},[73,17556,384],{"class":87},[73,17558,149],{"class":105},[73,17560,88],{"class":87},[73,17562,4350],{"class":91},[73,17564,384],{"class":87},[73,17566,149],{"class":105},[73,17568,88],{"class":87},[73,17570,9332],{"class":91},[73,17572,384],{"class":87},[73,17574,229],{"class":105},[73,17576,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17578,8757],{"class":79},[73,17580,84],{"class":83},[73,17582,8762],{"class":1270},[73,17584,817],{"class":105},[73,17586,16881],{"class":114},[73,17588,106],{"class":105},[73,17590,16522],{"class":114},[73,17592,149],{"class":105},[73,17594,17595],{"class":105}," [])\n",[73,17597,17598],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,17599,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17601,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,17603,8796],{"class":79},[73,17605,138],{"class":105},[73,17607,384],{"class":87},[73,17609,587],{"class":91},[73,17611,384],{"class":87},[73,17613,13148],{"class":105},[73,17615,564],{"class":114},[73,17617,106],{"class":105},[73,17619,404],{"class":315},[73,17621,854],{"class":105},[73,17623,17624],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,17625,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17627,17628,17630,17632,17634],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,17629,102],{"class":101},[73,17631,106],{"class":105},[73,17633,8796],{"class":114},[73,17635,854],{"class":105},[20,17637,1660],{},[64,17639,17641],{"className":66,"code":17640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17642,17643],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17644,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17646,8870],{"class":105},[73,17648,141],{"class":87},[73,17650,587],{"class":91},[73,17652,141],{"class":87},[73,17654,2475],{"class":105},[73,17656,528],{"class":105},[73,17658,404],{"class":315},[73,17660,17661],{"class":105},"],",[73,17663,152],{"class":87},[73,17665,4350],{"class":91},[73,17667,141],{"class":87},[73,17669,2475],{"class":105},[73,17671,528],{"class":105},[73,17673,404],{"class":315},[73,17675,17661],{"class":105},[73,17677,152],{"class":87},[73,17679,9332],{"class":91},[73,17681,141],{"class":87},[73,17683,2475],{"class":105},[73,17685,528],{"class":105},[73,17687,404],{"class":315},[73,17689,13303],{"class":105},[20,17691,17692,17693,17696],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17694,17695],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[292,17698,17700],{"id":17699},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17702,17703,17706],{},[15,17704,17705],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17708,17709],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17711,17712],{},"So this:",[64,17714,17716],{"className":66,"code":17715,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17717,17718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17719,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17721,8796],{"class":79},[73,17723,138],{"class":105},[73,17725,384],{"class":87},[73,17727,587],{"class":91},[73,17729,384],{"class":87},[73,17731,13148],{"class":105},[73,17733,564],{"class":114},[73,17735,106],{"class":105},[73,17737,404],{"class":315},[73,17739,854],{"class":105},[20,17741,17742,17743,817],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17744,17695],{},[292,17746,17748],{"id":17747},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17750,17751],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[64,17753,17755],{"className":66,"code":17754,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17756,17757,17789,17816,17820,17842,17846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17758,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17760,16840],{"class":79},[73,17762,84],{"class":83},[73,17764,528],{"class":105},[73,17766,384],{"class":87},[73,17768,587],{"class":91},[73,17770,384],{"class":87},[73,17772,149],{"class":105},[73,17774,88],{"class":87},[73,17776,4350],{"class":91},[73,17778,384],{"class":87},[73,17780,149],{"class":105},[73,17782,88],{"class":87},[73,17784,9332],{"class":91},[73,17786,384],{"class":87},[73,17788,229],{"class":105},[73,17790,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17804,17806,17809,17811,17814],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17792,8757],{"class":79},[73,17794,84],{"class":83},[73,17796,10083],{"class":105},[73,17798,14439],{"class":79},[73,17800,2475],{"class":105},[73,17802,17803],{"class":105}," []",[73,17805,3463],{"class":646},[73,17807,17808],{"class":79}," key ",[73,17810,3469],{"class":646},[73,17812,17813],{"class":79}," keys",[73,17815,8901],{"class":105},[73,17817,17818],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,17819,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17821,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,17823,8796],{"class":79},[73,17825,138],{"class":105},[73,17827,384],{"class":87},[73,17829,587],{"class":91},[73,17831,384],{"class":87},[73,17833,13148],{"class":105},[73,17835,564],{"class":114},[73,17837,106],{"class":105},[73,17839,404],{"class":315},[73,17841,854],{"class":105},[73,17843,17844],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,17845,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,17847,17848,17850,17852,17854],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,17849,102],{"class":101},[73,17851,106],{"class":105},[73,17853,8796],{"class":114},[73,17855,854],{"class":105},[20,17857,1660],{},[64,17859,17861],{"className":66,"code":17860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17862,17863],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17864,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17866,8870],{"class":105},[73,17868,141],{"class":87},[73,17870,587],{"class":91},[73,17872,141],{"class":87},[73,17874,2475],{"class":105},[73,17876,528],{"class":105},[73,17878,404],{"class":315},[73,17880,17661],{"class":105},[73,17882,152],{"class":87},[73,17884,4350],{"class":91},[73,17886,141],{"class":87},[73,17888,2475],{"class":105},[73,17890,17891],{"class":105}," [],",[73,17893,152],{"class":87},[73,17895,9332],{"class":91},[73,17897,141],{"class":87},[73,17899,2475],{"class":105},[73,17901,17902],{"class":105}," []}\n",[20,17904,17905],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17907,17908],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[59,17910,4551,17912],{"id":17911},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17913,16816],{},[20,17915,17916,17918],{},[15,17917,16821],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,17920,17921,17924,17927],{},[33,17922,17923],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,17925,17926],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,17928,17929],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17931,1716],{},[64,17933,17935],{"className":66,"code":17934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17936,17937,17982],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17938,17939,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17974,17976,17978,17980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17940,17941],{"class":79},"flags ",[73,17943,84],{"class":83},[73,17945,8762],{"class":1270},[73,17947,817],{"class":105},[73,17949,16881],{"class":114},[73,17951,401],{"class":105},[73,17953,384],{"class":87},[73,17955,17956],{"class":91},"is_admin",[73,17958,384],{"class":87},[73,17960,149],{"class":105},[73,17962,88],{"class":87},[73,17964,14677],{"class":91},[73,17966,384],{"class":87},[73,17968,149],{"class":105},[73,17970,88],{"class":87},[73,17972,17973],{"class":91},"is_verified",[73,17975,384],{"class":87},[73,17977,17661],{"class":105},[73,17979,3493],{"class":3438},[73,17981,854],{"class":105},[73,17983,17984,17986,17988,17991],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,17985,102],{"class":101},[73,17987,106],{"class":105},[73,17989,17990],{"class":114},"flags",[73,17992,854],{"class":105},[64,17994,17996],{"className":66,"code":17995,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17997,17998,18042],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18025,18027,18029,18031,18034,18036,18038,18040],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18001,4654],{"class":79},[73,18003,84],{"class":83},[73,18005,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18007,817],{"class":105},[73,18009,16881],{"class":114},[73,18011,401],{"class":105},[73,18013,384],{"class":87},[73,18015,876],{"class":91},[73,18017,384],{"class":87},[73,18019,149],{"class":105},[73,18021,88],{"class":87},[73,18023,18024],{"class":91},"science",[73,18026,384],{"class":87},[73,18028,149],{"class":105},[73,18030,88],{"class":87},[73,18032,18033],{"class":91},"history",[73,18035,384],{"class":87},[73,18037,17661],{"class":105},[73,18039,3420],{"class":315},[73,18041,854],{"class":105},[73,18043,18044,18046,18048,18050],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18045,102],{"class":101},[73,18047,106],{"class":105},[73,18049,15987],{"class":114},[73,18051,854],{"class":105},[20,18053,18054,18055,18057],{},"It is ",[55,18056,806],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18059,18060,18063],{},[33,18061,18062],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18064,18065],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[59,18067,18069,18071],{"id":18068},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18070,16816],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18073,18074,18076],{},[15,18075,16816],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[292,18078,438,18080],{"id":18079},"using-fromkeys",[15,18081,16816],{},[64,18083,18085],{"className":66,"code":18084,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18086,18087,18132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18088,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18106,18108,18110,18112,18115,18117,18119,18121,18124,18126,18128,18130],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18090,13423],{"class":79},[73,18092,84],{"class":83},[73,18094,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18096,817],{"class":105},[73,18098,16881],{"class":114},[73,18100,401],{"class":105},[73,18102,384],{"class":87},[73,18104,18105],{"class":91},"sound",[73,18107,384],{"class":87},[73,18109,149],{"class":105},[73,18111,88],{"class":87},[73,18113,18114],{"class":91},"music",[73,18116,384],{"class":87},[73,18118,149],{"class":105},[73,18120,88],{"class":87},[73,18122,18123],{"class":91},"notifications",[73,18125,384],{"class":87},[73,18127,17661],{"class":105},[73,18129,3502],{"class":3438},[73,18131,854],{"class":105},[73,18133,18134,18136,18138,18140],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18135,102],{"class":101},[73,18137,106],{"class":105},[73,18139,13482],{"class":114},[73,18141,854],{"class":105},[292,18143,18145],{"id":18144},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[64,18147,18149],{"className":66,"code":18148,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18150,18151,18159,18173,18187,18199,18203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18152,18153,18155,18157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18154,13423],{"class":79},[73,18156,84],{"class":83},[73,18158,11087],{"class":105},[73,18160,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18162,11092],{"class":87},[73,18164,18105],{"class":91},[73,18166,384],{"class":87},[73,18168,2475],{"class":105},[73,18170,3502],{"class":3438},[73,18172,11108],{"class":105},[73,18174,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18176,11092],{"class":87},[73,18178,18114],{"class":91},[73,18180,384],{"class":87},[73,18182,2475],{"class":105},[73,18184,3493],{"class":3438},[73,18186,11108],{"class":105},[73,18188,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,18190,11092],{"class":87},[73,18192,18123],{"class":91},[73,18194,384],{"class":87},[73,18196,2475],{"class":105},[73,18198,6012],{"class":3438},[73,18200,18201],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,18202,8901],{"class":105},[73,18204,18205,18207,18209,18211],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,18206,102],{"class":101},[73,18208,106],{"class":105},[73,18210,13482],{"class":114},[73,18212,854],{"class":105},[20,18214,18215],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[292,18217,18219],{"id":18218},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[64,18221,18223],{"className":66,"code":18222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18224,18225,18257,18281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18226,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18228,16840],{"class":79},[73,18230,84],{"class":83},[73,18232,528],{"class":105},[73,18234,384],{"class":87},[73,18236,587],{"class":91},[73,18238,384],{"class":87},[73,18240,149],{"class":105},[73,18242,88],{"class":87},[73,18244,4350],{"class":91},[73,18246,384],{"class":87},[73,18248,149],{"class":105},[73,18250,88],{"class":87},[73,18252,9332],{"class":91},[73,18254,384],{"class":87},[73,18256,229],{"class":105},[73,18258,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18260,8757],{"class":79},[73,18262,84],{"class":83},[73,18264,10083],{"class":105},[73,18266,14439],{"class":79},[73,18268,2475],{"class":105},[73,18270,17803],{"class":105},[73,18272,3463],{"class":646},[73,18274,17808],{"class":79},[73,18276,3469],{"class":646},[73,18278,17813],{"class":79},[73,18280,8901],{"class":105},[73,18282,18283,18285,18287,18289],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18284,102],{"class":101},[73,18286,106],{"class":105},[73,18288,8796],{"class":114},[73,18290,854],{"class":105},[20,18292,18293],{},"Use:",[30,18295,18296,18301,18304],{},[33,18297,18298,18300],{},[15,18299,16816],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18302,18303],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18305,18306],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18308,18309,18310,817],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[587,18311,10329,18312,10333],{"href":13630},[15,18313,14552],{},[59,18315,1207],{"id":1206},[20,18317,14331,18318,817],{},[15,18319,16821],{},[292,18321,18323],{"id":18322},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[64,18325,18327],{"className":66,"code":18326,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18328,18329,18362,18385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18330,18331,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18332,18333],{"class":79},"d ",[73,18335,84],{"class":83},[73,18337,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18339,817],{"class":105},[73,18341,16881],{"class":114},[73,18343,401],{"class":105},[73,18345,384],{"class":87},[73,18347,587],{"class":91},[73,18349,384],{"class":87},[73,18351,149],{"class":105},[73,18353,88],{"class":87},[73,18355,4350],{"class":91},[73,18357,384],{"class":87},[73,18359,17661],{"class":105},[73,18361,17595],{"class":105},[73,18363,18364,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18365,18366],{"class":79},"d",[73,18368,138],{"class":105},[73,18370,384],{"class":87},[73,18372,587],{"class":91},[73,18374,384],{"class":87},[73,18376,13148],{"class":105},[73,18378,564],{"class":114},[73,18380,106],{"class":105},[73,18382,404],{"class":315},[73,18384,854],{"class":105},[73,18386,18387,18389,18391,18393],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18388,102],{"class":101},[73,18390,106],{"class":105},[73,18392,18366],{"class":114},[73,18394,854],{"class":105},[20,18396,1660],{},[64,18398,18400],{"className":66,"code":18399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18401,18402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18403,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18405,8870],{"class":105},[73,18407,141],{"class":87},[73,18409,587],{"class":91},[73,18411,141],{"class":87},[73,18413,2475],{"class":105},[73,18415,528],{"class":105},[73,18417,404],{"class":315},[73,18419,17661],{"class":105},[73,18421,152],{"class":87},[73,18423,4350],{"class":91},[73,18425,141],{"class":87},[73,18427,2475],{"class":105},[73,18429,528],{"class":105},[73,18431,404],{"class":315},[73,18433,13303],{"class":105},[20,18435,18436],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18438,18439],{},"Use this instead:",[64,18441,18443],{"className":66,"code":18442,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18444,18445,18469,18493],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18446,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18448,16840],{"class":79},[73,18450,84],{"class":83},[73,18452,528],{"class":105},[73,18454,384],{"class":87},[73,18456,587],{"class":91},[73,18458,384],{"class":87},[73,18460,149],{"class":105},[73,18462,88],{"class":87},[73,18464,4350],{"class":91},[73,18466,384],{"class":87},[73,18468,229],{"class":105},[73,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18472,18333],{"class":79},[73,18474,84],{"class":83},[73,18476,10083],{"class":105},[73,18478,14439],{"class":79},[73,18480,2475],{"class":105},[73,18482,17803],{"class":105},[73,18484,3463],{"class":646},[73,18486,17808],{"class":79},[73,18488,3469],{"class":646},[73,18490,17813],{"class":79},[73,18492,8901],{"class":105},[73,18494,18495,18497,18499,18501],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18496,102],{"class":101},[73,18498,106],{"class":105},[73,18500,18366],{"class":114},[73,18502,854],{"class":105},[292,18504,18506,18507,18509],{"id":18505},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18508,16816],{}," on a list",[20,18511,18512],{},"Wrong idea:",[64,18514,18516],{"className":66,"code":18515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18517,18518,18550],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18519,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18521,16840],{"class":79},[73,18523,84],{"class":83},[73,18525,528],{"class":105},[73,18527,384],{"class":87},[73,18529,587],{"class":91},[73,18531,384],{"class":87},[73,18533,149],{"class":105},[73,18535,88],{"class":87},[73,18537,4350],{"class":91},[73,18539,384],{"class":87},[73,18541,149],{"class":105},[73,18543,88],{"class":87},[73,18545,9332],{"class":91},[73,18547,384],{"class":87},[73,18549,229],{"class":105},[73,18551,18552],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18553,18554],{"class":3249},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18556,18557,18559,18560,18562,18563,817],{},[15,18558,16816],{}," belongs to ",[15,18561,8412],{},", not ",[15,18564,7684],{},[20,18566,18567],{},"Correct usage:",[64,18569,18571],{"className":66,"code":18570,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18572,18573,18605,18627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18574,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18576,16840],{"class":79},[73,18578,84],{"class":83},[73,18580,528],{"class":105},[73,18582,384],{"class":87},[73,18584,587],{"class":91},[73,18586,384],{"class":87},[73,18588,149],{"class":105},[73,18590,88],{"class":87},[73,18592,4350],{"class":91},[73,18594,384],{"class":87},[73,18596,149],{"class":105},[73,18598,88],{"class":87},[73,18600,9332],{"class":91},[73,18602,384],{"class":87},[73,18604,229],{"class":105},[73,18606,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623,18625],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18608,18333],{"class":79},[73,18610,84],{"class":83},[73,18612,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18614,817],{"class":105},[73,18616,16881],{"class":114},[73,18618,106],{"class":105},[73,18620,16522],{"class":114},[73,18622,149],{"class":105},[73,18624,3420],{"class":315},[73,18626,854],{"class":105},[73,18628,18629,18631,18633,18635],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18630,102],{"class":101},[73,18632,106],{"class":105},[73,18634,18366],{"class":114},[73,18636,854],{"class":105},[292,18638,8044,18640,18642],{"id":18639},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18641,16816],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18644,18645,18647],{},[15,18646,16821],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[64,18649,18651],{"className":66,"code":18650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18652,18653,18673,18707,18711,18721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18654,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18656,11681],{"class":79},[73,18658,84],{"class":83},[73,18660,10083],{"class":105},[73,18662,384],{"class":87},[73,18664,354],{"class":91},[73,18666,384],{"class":87},[73,18668,2475],{"class":105},[73,18670,5084],{"class":315},[73,18672,8901],{"class":105},[73,18674,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18676,12635],{"class":79},[73,18678,84],{"class":83},[73,18680,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18682,817],{"class":105},[73,18684,16881],{"class":114},[73,18686,401],{"class":105},[73,18688,384],{"class":87},[73,18690,587],{"class":91},[73,18692,384],{"class":87},[73,18694,149],{"class":105},[73,18696,88],{"class":87},[73,18698,4350],{"class":91},[73,18700,384],{"class":87},[73,18702,17661],{"class":105},[73,18704,3420],{"class":315},[73,18706,854],{"class":105},[73,18708,18709],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,18710,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,18712,18713,18715,18717,18719],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,18714,102],{"class":101},[73,18716,106],{"class":105},[73,18718,11728],{"class":114},[73,18720,854],{"class":105},[73,18722,18723,18725,18727,18730],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,18724,102],{"class":101},[73,18726,106],{"class":105},[73,18728,18729],{"class":114},"new_dict",[73,18731,854],{"class":105},[20,18733,1660],{},[64,18735,18737],{"className":66,"code":18736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18738,18739,18755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18740,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18742,8870],{"class":105},[73,18744,141],{"class":87},[73,18746,354],{"class":91},[73,18748,141],{"class":87},[73,18750,2475],{"class":105},[73,18752,5084],{"class":315},[73,18754,8901],{"class":105},[73,18756,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18758,8870],{"class":105},[73,18760,141],{"class":87},[73,18762,587],{"class":91},[73,18764,141],{"class":87},[73,18766,2475],{"class":105},[73,18768,3420],{"class":315},[73,18770,149],{"class":105},[73,18772,152],{"class":87},[73,18774,4350],{"class":91},[73,18776,141],{"class":87},[73,18778,2475],{"class":105},[73,18780,3420],{"class":315},[73,18782,8901],{"class":105},[20,18784,18785,18786,817],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[587,18787,10329,18788,10333],{"href":13630},[15,18789,14552],{},[292,18791,18793,18794],{"id":18792},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18795,3364],{},[64,18797,18799],{"className":66,"code":18798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18800,18801,18831],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18802,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18804,18333],{"class":79},[73,18806,84],{"class":83},[73,18808,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18810,817],{"class":105},[73,18812,16881],{"class":114},[73,18814,401],{"class":105},[73,18816,384],{"class":87},[73,18818,354],{"class":91},[73,18820,384],{"class":87},[73,18822,149],{"class":105},[73,18824,88],{"class":87},[73,18826,11340],{"class":91},[73,18828,384],{"class":87},[73,18830,3475],{"class":105},[73,18832,18833,18835,18837,18839],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18834,102],{"class":101},[73,18836,106],{"class":105},[73,18838,18366],{"class":114},[73,18840,854],{"class":105},[20,18842,1660],{},[64,18844,18846],{"className":66,"code":18845,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18847,18848],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18849,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18851,8870],{"class":105},[73,18853,141],{"class":87},[73,18855,354],{"class":91},[73,18857,141],{"class":87},[73,18859,2475],{"class":105},[73,18861,3439],{"class":3438},[73,18863,149],{"class":105},[73,18865,152],{"class":87},[73,18867,11340],{"class":91},[73,18869,141],{"class":87},[73,18871,2475],{"class":105},[73,18873,3439],{"class":3438},[73,18875,8901],{"class":105},[20,18877,18878,18879,817],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18880,3364],{},[59,18882,18884],{"id":18883},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18886,18887,18888,18890],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18889,16816],{}," works.",[64,18892,18894],{"className":66,"code":18893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18895,18896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18897,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18899,102],{"class":101},[73,18901,106],{"class":105},[73,18903,8412],{"class":1270},[73,18905,817],{"class":105},[73,18907,16881],{"class":114},[73,18909,401],{"class":105},[73,18911,384],{"class":87},[73,18913,587],{"class":91},[73,18915,384],{"class":87},[73,18917,149],{"class":105},[73,18919,88],{"class":87},[73,18921,4350],{"class":91},[73,18923,384],{"class":87},[73,18925,17661],{"class":105},[73,18927,3420],{"class":315},[73,18929,118],{"class":105},[64,18931,18932],{"className":66,"code":18798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,18933,18934,18964],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18935,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18937,18333],{"class":79},[73,18939,84],{"class":83},[73,18941,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18943,817],{"class":105},[73,18945,16881],{"class":114},[73,18947,401],{"class":105},[73,18949,384],{"class":87},[73,18951,354],{"class":91},[73,18953,384],{"class":87},[73,18955,149],{"class":105},[73,18957,88],{"class":87},[73,18959,11340],{"class":91},[73,18961,384],{"class":87},[73,18963,3475],{"class":105},[73,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,18967,102],{"class":101},[73,18969,106],{"class":105},[73,18971,18366],{"class":114},[73,18973,854],{"class":105},[64,18975,18976],{"className":66,"code":18326,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,18977,18978,19010,19032],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18979,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18981,18333],{"class":79},[73,18983,84],{"class":83},[73,18985,8762],{"class":1270},[73,18987,817],{"class":105},[73,18989,16881],{"class":114},[73,18991,401],{"class":105},[73,18993,384],{"class":87},[73,18995,587],{"class":91},[73,18997,384],{"class":87},[73,18999,149],{"class":105},[73,19001,88],{"class":87},[73,19003,4350],{"class":91},[73,19005,384],{"class":87},[73,19007,17661],{"class":105},[73,19009,17595],{"class":105},[73,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19013,18366],{"class":79},[73,19015,138],{"class":105},[73,19017,384],{"class":87},[73,19019,587],{"class":91},[73,19021,384],{"class":87},[73,19023,13148],{"class":105},[73,19025,564],{"class":114},[73,19027,106],{"class":105},[73,19029,404],{"class":315},[73,19031,854],{"class":105},[73,19033,19034,19036,19038,19040],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,19035,102],{"class":101},[73,19037,106],{"class":105},[73,19039,18366],{"class":114},[73,19041,854],{"class":105},[64,19043,19045],{"className":66,"code":19044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19046,19047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19048,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19050,102],{"class":101},[73,19052,106],{"class":105},[73,19054,1271],{"class":1270},[73,19056,106],{"class":105},[73,19058,8412],{"class":1270},[73,19060,817],{"class":105},[73,19062,16881],{"class":114},[73,19064,401],{"class":105},[73,19066,404],{"class":315},[73,19068,149],{"class":105},[73,19070,409],{"class":315},[73,19072,149],{"class":105},[73,19074,414],{"class":315},[73,19076,17661],{"class":105},[73,19078,88],{"class":87},[73,19080,2063],{"class":91},[73,19082,384],{"class":87},[73,19084,2503],{"class":105},[59,19086,1405],{"id":1404},[292,19088,12300,19090,19092],{"id":19089},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19091,16816],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19094,19095],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[292,19097,19099],{"id":19098},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19101,19102,19103,817],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19104,3364],{},[292,19106,19108],{"id":19107},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19110,19111],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[292,19113,19115],{"id":19114},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19117,17751],{},[64,19119,19121],{"className":66,"code":19120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19122,19123,19155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19124,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19126,16840],{"class":79},[73,19128,84],{"class":83},[73,19130,528],{"class":105},[73,19132,384],{"class":87},[73,19134,587],{"class":91},[73,19136,384],{"class":87},[73,19138,149],{"class":105},[73,19140,88],{"class":87},[73,19142,4350],{"class":91},[73,19144,384],{"class":87},[73,19146,149],{"class":105},[73,19148,88],{"class":87},[73,19150,9332],{"class":91},[73,19152,384],{"class":87},[73,19154,229],{"class":105},[73,19156,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19158,8757],{"class":79},[73,19160,84],{"class":83},[73,19162,10083],{"class":105},[73,19164,14439],{"class":79},[73,19166,2475],{"class":105},[73,19168,17803],{"class":105},[73,19170,3463],{"class":646},[73,19172,17808],{"class":79},[73,19174,3469],{"class":646},[73,19176,17813],{"class":79},[73,19178,8901],{"class":105},[59,19180,1461],{"id":1460},[30,19182,19183,19187,19191,19195,19201],{},[33,19184,19185],{},[587,19186,10836],{"href":12623},[33,19188,19189],{},[587,19190,8747],{"href":12620},[33,19192,19193],{},[587,19194,10845],{"href":17502},[33,19196,19197],{},[587,19198,10329,19199,10333],{"href":13630},[15,19200,14552],{},[33,19202,19203],{},[587,19204,10329,19205,10333],{"href":14597},[15,19206,12373],{},[20,19208,121,19209,19211],{},[15,19210,16821],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1500,19213,19214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":19216},[19217,19218,19220,19224,19225,19227,19232,19234,19241,19250,19251,19258],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":16921,"depth":98,"text":19219},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16965,"depth":98,"text":16966,"children":19221},[19222,19223],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":17016,"depth":332,"text":17017},{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":17177,"depth":98,"text":19226},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17506,"depth":98,"text":17507,"children":19228},[19229,19230,19231],{"id":17536,"depth":332,"text":17537},{"id":17699,"depth":332,"text":17700},{"id":17747,"depth":332,"text":17748},{"id":17911,"depth":98,"text":19233},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18068,"depth":98,"text":19235,"children":19236},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19237,19239,19240],{"id":18079,"depth":332,"text":19238},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18144,"depth":332,"text":18145},{"id":18218,"depth":332,"text":18219},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":19242},[19243,19244,19246,19248],{"id":18322,"depth":332,"text":18323},{"id":18505,"depth":332,"text":19245},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18639,"depth":332,"text":19247},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18792,"depth":332,"text":19249},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18883,"depth":98,"text":18884},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":19252},[19253,19255,19256,19257],{"id":19089,"depth":332,"text":19254},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19098,"depth":332,"text":19099},{"id":19107,"depth":332,"text":19108},{"id":19114,"depth":332,"text":19115},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16808,"description":19259},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19266,"title":19267,"body":19268,"description":21098,"extension":1552,"meta":21099,"navigation":335,"path":21100,"seo":21101,"stem":21102,"__hash__":21103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19269,"toc":21065},[19270,19275,19281,19292,19422,19429,19434,19438,19454,19456,19554,19557,19574,19578,19580,19585,19623,19626,19644,19646,19764,19769,19773,19789,19792,19928,19931,19936,19942,19945,19982,19985,19989,19994,20070,20074,20079,20161,20163,20179,20184,20188,20194,20263,20266,20283,20286,20368,20374,20377,20397,20401,20406,20412,20418,20489,20492,20498,20501,20575,20582,20588,20596,20606,20608,20703,20709,20714,20801,20807,20809,20814,20836,20839,20934,20937,20968,20981,20983,20991,20997,21003,21006,21012,21017,21024,21029,21031,21062],[10,19271,10912,19273,10916],{"id":19272},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19274,10332],{},[20,19276,19277,19278,19280],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19279,10332],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19282,19283,19284,995,19287,1987,19289,19291],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19285,19286],{},"KeyError",[15,19288,10332],{},[15,19290,3364],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[64,19293,19295],{"className":66,"code":19294,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19296,19297,19333,19337,19363,19388],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19298,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19300,12802],{"class":79},[73,19302,84],{"class":83},[73,19304,10083],{"class":105},[73,19306,384],{"class":87},[73,19308,115],{"class":91},[73,19310,384],{"class":87},[73,19312,2475],{"class":105},[73,19314,88],{"class":87},[73,19316,12477],{"class":91},[73,19318,384],{"class":87},[73,19320,149],{"class":105},[73,19322,88],{"class":87},[73,19324,8891],{"class":91},[73,19326,384],{"class":87},[73,19328,2475],{"class":105},[73,19330,8898],{"class":315},[73,19332,8901],{"class":105},[73,19334,19335],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19336,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,19338,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,19340,102],{"class":101},[73,19342,106],{"class":105},[73,19344,16905],{"class":114},[73,19346,817],{"class":105},[73,19348,19349],{"class":114},"get",[73,19351,106],{"class":105},[73,19353,384],{"class":87},[73,19355,115],{"class":91},[73,19357,384],{"class":87},[73,19359,4948],{"class":105},[73,19361,19362],{"class":3249},"           # Ana\n",[73,19364,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,19366,102],{"class":101},[73,19368,106],{"class":105},[73,19370,16905],{"class":114},[73,19372,817],{"class":105},[73,19374,19349],{"class":114},[73,19376,106],{"class":105},[73,19378,384],{"class":87},[73,19380,10001],{"class":91},[73,19382,384],{"class":87},[73,19384,4948],{"class":105},[73,19386,19387],{"class":3249},"           # None\n",[73,19389,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19415,19417,19419],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,19391,102],{"class":101},[73,19393,106],{"class":105},[73,19395,16905],{"class":114},[73,19397,817],{"class":105},[73,19399,19349],{"class":114},[73,19401,106],{"class":105},[73,19403,384],{"class":87},[73,19405,10001],{"class":91},[73,19407,384],{"class":87},[73,19409,149],{"class":105},[73,19411,88],{"class":87},[73,19413,19414],{"class":91},"N\u002FA",[73,19416,384],{"class":87},[73,19418,4948],{"class":105},[73,19420,19421],{"class":3249},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19423,121,19424,19426,19427,817],{},[15,19425,10332],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19428,19286],{},[59,19430,236,19432,239],{"id":19431},"what-get-does",[15,19433,10332],{},[20,19435,1569,19436,11007],{},[15,19437,10332],{},[30,19439,19440,19443,19448,19451],{},[33,19441,19442],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19444,11018,19445,19447],{},[15,19446,3364],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19449,19450],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19452,19453],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19455,714],{},[64,19457,19459],{"className":66,"code":19458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19460,19461,19500,19504,19529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19482,19484,19486,19488,19491,19493,19495,19498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19464,12460],{"class":79},[73,19466,84],{"class":83},[73,19468,10083],{"class":105},[73,19470,384],{"class":87},[73,19472,115],{"class":91},[73,19474,384],{"class":87},[73,19476,2475],{"class":105},[73,19478,88],{"class":87},[73,19480,19481],{"class":91},"Lina",[73,19483,384],{"class":87},[73,19485,149],{"class":105},[73,19487,88],{"class":87},[73,19489,19490],{"class":91},"grade",[73,19492,384],{"class":87},[73,19494,2475],{"class":105},[73,19496,19497],{"class":315}," 90",[73,19499,8901],{"class":105},[73,19501,19502],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19503,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,19505,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,19507,102],{"class":101},[73,19509,106],{"class":105},[73,19511,13223],{"class":114},[73,19513,817],{"class":105},[73,19515,19349],{"class":114},[73,19517,106],{"class":105},[73,19519,384],{"class":87},[73,19521,115],{"class":91},[73,19523,384],{"class":87},[73,19525,4948],{"class":105},[73,19527,19528],{"class":3249},"     # Lina\n",[73,19530,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,19532,102],{"class":101},[73,19534,106],{"class":105},[73,19536,13223],{"class":114},[73,19538,817],{"class":105},[73,19540,19349],{"class":114},[73,19542,106],{"class":105},[73,19544,384],{"class":87},[73,19546,14857],{"class":91},[73,19548,384],{"class":87},[73,19550,4948],{"class":105},[73,19552,19553],{"class":3249},"    # None\n",[20,19555,19556],{},"In this example:",[30,19558,19559,19564],{},[33,19560,19561,19563],{},[15,19562,14838],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19565,19566,19569,19570,1987,19572],{},[15,19567,19568],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19571,10332],{},[15,19573,3364],{},[20,19575,12617,19576,817],{},[587,19577,8747],{"href":8746},[59,19579,285],{"id":284},[20,19581,19582,19583,2475],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19584,10332],{},[64,19586,19588],{"className":66,"code":19587,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19589,19590,19604],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19591,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19593,15203],{"class":79},[73,19595,817],{"class":105},[73,19597,19349],{"class":114},[73,19599,106],{"class":105},[73,19601,14439],{"class":114},[73,19603,854],{"class":105},[73,19605,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19621],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19607,15203],{"class":79},[73,19609,817],{"class":105},[73,19611,19349],{"class":114},[73,19613,106],{"class":105},[73,19615,14439],{"class":114},[73,19617,149],{"class":105},[73,19619,19620],{"class":114}," default_value",[73,19622,854],{"class":105},[20,19624,19625],{},"What each part means:",[30,19627,19628,19633,19639],{},[33,19629,19630,19632],{},[15,19631,14439],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19634,19635,19638],{},[15,19636,19637],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19640,19641,19642],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19643,3364],{},[20,19645,714],{},[64,19647,19649],{"className":66,"code":19648,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19650,19651,19675,19679,19704,19730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19652,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19654,13423],{"class":79},[73,19656,84],{"class":83},[73,19658,10083],{"class":105},[73,19660,384],{"class":87},[73,19662,12090],{"class":91},[73,19664,384],{"class":87},[73,19666,2475],{"class":105},[73,19668,88],{"class":87},[73,19670,12099],{"class":91},[73,19672,384],{"class":87},[73,19674,8901],{"class":105},[73,19676,19677],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19678,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,19680,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,19682,102],{"class":101},[73,19684,106],{"class":105},[73,19686,13482],{"class":114},[73,19688,817],{"class":105},[73,19690,19349],{"class":114},[73,19692,106],{"class":105},[73,19694,384],{"class":87},[73,19696,12090],{"class":91},[73,19698,384],{"class":87},[73,19700,4948],{"class":105},[73,19702,19703],{"class":3249},"            # dark\n",[73,19705,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19723,19725,19727],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,19707,102],{"class":101},[73,19709,106],{"class":105},[73,19711,13482],{"class":114},[73,19713,817],{"class":105},[73,19715,19349],{"class":114},[73,19717,106],{"class":105},[73,19719,384],{"class":87},[73,19721,19722],{"class":91},"language",[73,19724,384],{"class":87},[73,19726,4948],{"class":105},[73,19728,19729],{"class":3249},"         # None\n",[73,19731,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19757,19759,19761],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,19733,102],{"class":101},[73,19735,106],{"class":105},[73,19737,13482],{"class":114},[73,19739,817],{"class":105},[73,19741,19349],{"class":114},[73,19743,106],{"class":105},[73,19745,384],{"class":87},[73,19747,19722],{"class":91},[73,19749,384],{"class":87},[73,19751,149],{"class":105},[73,19753,88],{"class":87},[73,19755,19756],{"class":91},"en",[73,19758,384],{"class":87},[73,19760,4948],{"class":105},[73,19762,19763],{"class":3249},"   # en\n",[59,19765,4551,19767],{"id":19766},"when-to-use-get",[15,19768,10332],{},[20,19770,121,19771,10193],{},[15,19772,10332],{},[30,19774,19775,19778,19783,19786],{},[33,19776,19777],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19779,19780,19781],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19782,19286],{},[33,19784,19785],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19787,19788],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19790,19791],{},"Example with optional user data:",[64,19793,19795],{"className":66,"code":19794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19796,19797,19839,19843,19868,19894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19798,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19835,19837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19800,11082],{"class":79},[73,19802,84],{"class":83},[73,19804,10083],{"class":105},[73,19806,384],{"class":87},[73,19808,7575],{"class":91},[73,19810,384],{"class":87},[73,19812,2475],{"class":105},[73,19814,88],{"class":87},[73,19816,19817],{"class":91},"sam",[73,19819,384],{"class":87},[73,19821,149],{"class":105},[73,19823,88],{"class":87},[73,19825,14857],{"class":91},[73,19827,384],{"class":87},[73,19829,2475],{"class":105},[73,19831,88],{"class":87},[73,19833,19834],{"class":91},"sam@example.com",[73,19836,384],{"class":87},[73,19838,8901],{"class":105},[73,19840,19841],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19842,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,19844,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,19846,102],{"class":101},[73,19848,106],{"class":105},[73,19850,11176],{"class":114},[73,19852,817],{"class":105},[73,19854,19349],{"class":114},[73,19856,106],{"class":105},[73,19858,384],{"class":87},[73,19860,7575],{"class":91},[73,19862,384],{"class":87},[73,19864,4948],{"class":105},[73,19866,19867],{"class":3249},"              # sam\n",[73,19869,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19887,19889,19891],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,19871,102],{"class":101},[73,19873,106],{"class":105},[73,19875,11176],{"class":114},[73,19877,817],{"class":105},[73,19879,19349],{"class":114},[73,19881,106],{"class":105},[73,19883,384],{"class":87},[73,19885,19886],{"class":91},"phone",[73,19888,384],{"class":87},[73,19890,4948],{"class":105},[73,19892,19893],{"class":3249},"                 # None\n",[73,19895,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19921,19923,19925],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,19897,102],{"class":101},[73,19899,106],{"class":105},[73,19901,11176],{"class":114},[73,19903,817],{"class":105},[73,19905,19349],{"class":114},[73,19907,106],{"class":105},[73,19909,384],{"class":87},[73,19911,19886],{"class":91},[73,19913,384],{"class":87},[73,19915,149],{"class":105},[73,19917,88],{"class":87},[73,19919,19920],{"class":91},"Not provided",[73,19922,384],{"class":87},[73,19924,4948],{"class":105},[73,19926,19927],{"class":3249}," # Not provided\n",[20,19929,19930],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19932,19933,19934,817],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[587,19935,16196],{"href":16195},[59,19937,19939,19941],{"id":19938},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19940,10332],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19943,19944],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[64,19946,19948],{"className":66,"code":19947,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19949,19950,19964],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19951,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19953,8796],{"class":79},[73,19955,138],{"class":105},[73,19957,384],{"class":87},[73,19959,14439],{"class":91},[73,19961,384],{"class":87},[73,19963,229],{"class":105},[73,19965,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,19967,8796],{"class":79},[73,19969,817],{"class":105},[73,19971,19349],{"class":114},[73,19973,106],{"class":105},[73,19975,384],{"class":87},[73,19977,14439],{"class":91},[73,19979,384],{"class":87},[73,19981,854],{"class":105},[20,19983,19984],{},"The difference is important.",[292,19986,19988],{"id":19987},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19990,19991,19992,817],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19993,19286],{},[64,19995,19997],{"className":66,"code":19996,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19998,19999,20023,20027,20049],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20000,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20002,8757],{"class":79},[73,20004,84],{"class":83},[73,20006,10083],{"class":105},[73,20008,384],{"class":87},[73,20010,115],{"class":91},[73,20012,384],{"class":87},[73,20014,2475],{"class":105},[73,20016,88],{"class":87},[73,20018,12477],{"class":91},[73,20020,384],{"class":87},[73,20022,8901],{"class":105},[73,20024,20025],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20026,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20028,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20046],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20030,102],{"class":101},[73,20032,106],{"class":105},[73,20034,8796],{"class":114},[73,20036,138],{"class":105},[73,20038,384],{"class":87},[73,20040,115],{"class":91},[73,20042,384],{"class":87},[73,20044,20045],{"class":105},"])",[73,20047,20048],{"class":3249},"   # Ana\n",[73,20050,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20052,102],{"class":101},[73,20054,106],{"class":105},[73,20056,8796],{"class":114},[73,20058,138],{"class":105},[73,20060,384],{"class":87},[73,20062,10001],{"class":91},[73,20064,384],{"class":87},[73,20066,20045],{"class":105},[73,20068,20069],{"class":3249},"   # KeyError\n",[292,20071,20072],{"id":19349},[15,20073,10332],{},[20,20075,20076,20078],{},[15,20077,10332],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[64,20080,20082],{"className":66,"code":20081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20083,20084,20108,20112,20136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20085,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20087,8757],{"class":79},[73,20089,84],{"class":83},[73,20091,10083],{"class":105},[73,20093,384],{"class":87},[73,20095,115],{"class":91},[73,20097,384],{"class":87},[73,20099,2475],{"class":105},[73,20101,88],{"class":87},[73,20103,12477],{"class":91},[73,20105,384],{"class":87},[73,20107,8901],{"class":105},[73,20109,20110],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20111,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20115,102],{"class":101},[73,20117,106],{"class":105},[73,20119,8796],{"class":114},[73,20121,817],{"class":105},[73,20123,19349],{"class":114},[73,20125,106],{"class":105},[73,20127,384],{"class":87},[73,20129,115],{"class":91},[73,20131,384],{"class":87},[73,20133,4948],{"class":105},[73,20135,20048],{"class":3249},[73,20137,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20139,102],{"class":101},[73,20141,106],{"class":105},[73,20143,8796],{"class":114},[73,20145,817],{"class":105},[73,20147,19349],{"class":114},[73,20149,106],{"class":105},[73,20151,384],{"class":87},[73,20153,10001],{"class":91},[73,20155,384],{"class":87},[73,20157,4948],{"class":105},[73,20159,20160],{"class":3249},"   # None\n",[20,20162,18293],{},[30,20164,20165,20171],{},[33,20166,20167,20168],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[55,20169,20170],{},"must exist",[33,20172,20173,20175,20176],{},[15,20174,10332],{}," when the key is ",[55,20177,20178],{},"optional",[20,20180,20181,20182,817],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[587,20183,10856],{"href":10667},[59,20185,20187],{"id":20186},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20189,20190,20191,20193],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20192,10332],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[64,20195,20197],{"className":66,"code":20196,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20198,20199,20224,20228],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20200,20201,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20202,20203],{"class":79},"profile ",[73,20205,84],{"class":83},[73,20207,10083],{"class":105},[73,20209,384],{"class":87},[73,20211,115],{"class":91},[73,20213,384],{"class":87},[73,20215,2475],{"class":105},[73,20217,88],{"class":87},[73,20219,7511],{"class":91},[73,20221,384],{"class":87},[73,20223,8901],{"class":105},[73,20225,20226],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20227,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20229,20230,20232,20234,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20256,20258,20260],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20231,102],{"class":101},[73,20233,106],{"class":105},[73,20235,20236],{"class":114},"profile",[73,20238,817],{"class":105},[73,20240,19349],{"class":114},[73,20242,106],{"class":105},[73,20244,384],{"class":87},[73,20246,14860],{"class":91},[73,20248,384],{"class":87},[73,20250,149],{"class":105},[73,20252,88],{"class":87},[73,20254,20255],{"class":91},"Unknown",[73,20257,384],{"class":87},[73,20259,4948],{"class":105},[73,20261,20262],{"class":3249},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20264,20265],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20267,20268,20273,20278],{},[33,20269,20270],{},[15,20271,20272],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20274,20275],{},[15,20276,20277],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20279,20280],{},[15,20281,20282],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20284,20285],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[64,20287,20289],{"className":66,"code":20288,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20290,20291,20323,20327,20354],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20292,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20294,4654],{"class":79},[73,20296,84],{"class":83},[73,20298,10083],{"class":105},[73,20300,384],{"class":87},[73,20302,876],{"class":91},[73,20304,384],{"class":87},[73,20306,2475],{"class":105},[73,20308,5592],{"class":315},[73,20310,149],{"class":105},[73,20312,88],{"class":87},[73,20314,18024],{"class":91},[73,20316,384],{"class":87},[73,20318,2475],{"class":105},[73,20320,5948],{"class":315},[73,20322,8901],{"class":105},[73,20324,20325],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20326,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20328,20329,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20330,20331],{"class":79},"total_history ",[73,20333,84],{"class":83},[73,20335,4701],{"class":79},[73,20337,817],{"class":105},[73,20339,19349],{"class":114},[73,20341,106],{"class":105},[73,20343,384],{"class":87},[73,20345,18033],{"class":91},[73,20347,384],{"class":87},[73,20349,149],{"class":105},[73,20351,3420],{"class":315},[73,20353,854],{"class":105},[73,20355,20356,20358,20360,20363,20365],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20357,102],{"class":101},[73,20359,106],{"class":105},[73,20361,20362],{"class":114},"total_history",[73,20364,3246],{"class":105},[73,20366,20367],{"class":3249},"   # 0\n",[20,20369,20370,20371,20373],{},"Here, ",[15,20372,1710],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20375,20376],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20378,20379,20382,20387,20392],{},[33,20380,20381],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20383,121,20384,20386],{},[15,20385,1710],{}," for numbers",[33,20388,121,20389,20391],{},[15,20390,3373],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20393,121,20394,20396],{},[15,20395,3378],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[59,20398,20400],{"id":20399},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20402,20403,20404,817],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20405,10332],{},[292,20407,20409,20411],{"id":20408},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20410,10332],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20413,20414,20415,20417],{},"This code does ",[55,20416,806],{}," create a new key:",[64,20419,20421],{"className":66,"code":20420,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20422,20423,20447,20451,20476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20424,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20426,12802],{"class":79},[73,20428,84],{"class":83},[73,20430,10083],{"class":105},[73,20432,384],{"class":87},[73,20434,115],{"class":91},[73,20436,384],{"class":87},[73,20438,2475],{"class":105},[73,20440,88],{"class":87},[73,20442,12477],{"class":91},[73,20444,384],{"class":87},[73,20446,8901],{"class":105},[73,20448,20449],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20450,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20452,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20454,102],{"class":101},[73,20456,106],{"class":105},[73,20458,16905],{"class":114},[73,20460,817],{"class":105},[73,20462,19349],{"class":114},[73,20464,106],{"class":105},[73,20466,384],{"class":87},[73,20468,10001],{"class":91},[73,20470,384],{"class":87},[73,20472,4948],{"class":105},[73,20474,20475],{"class":3249},"  # None\n",[73,20477,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20479,102],{"class":101},[73,20481,106],{"class":105},[73,20483,16905],{"class":114},[73,20485,3246],{"class":105},[73,20487,20488],{"class":3249},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20490,20491],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[292,20493,20495,20497],{"id":20494},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20496,10332],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20499,20500],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[64,20502,20504],{"className":66,"code":20503,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20505,20506,20532,20536,20562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20507,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20519,20521,20523,20525,20528,20530],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20509,13423],{"class":79},[73,20511,84],{"class":83},[73,20513,10083],{"class":105},[73,20515,384],{"class":87},[73,20517,20518],{"class":91},"mode",[73,20520,384],{"class":87},[73,20522,2475],{"class":105},[73,20524,88],{"class":87},[73,20526,20527],{"class":91},"light",[73,20529,384],{"class":87},[73,20531,8901],{"class":105},[73,20533,20534],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20535,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20537,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20539,13482],{"class":79},[73,20541,817],{"class":105},[73,20543,19349],{"class":114},[73,20545,106],{"class":105},[73,20547,384],{"class":87},[73,20549,12090],{"class":91},[73,20551,384],{"class":87},[73,20553,149],{"class":105},[73,20555,88],{"class":87},[73,20557,12099],{"class":91},[73,20559,384],{"class":87},[73,20561,854],{"class":105},[73,20563,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20565,102],{"class":101},[73,20567,106],{"class":105},[73,20569,13482],{"class":114},[73,20571,3246],{"class":105},[73,20573,20574],{"class":3249},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20576,20577,20578,20581],{},"Even though ",[15,20579,20580],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[292,20583,20585,20586],{"id":20584},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20587,3364],{},[20,20589,20590,20591,1987,20593,20595],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20592,10332],{},[15,20594,3364],{}," because:",[30,20597,20598,20601],{},[33,20599,20600],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20602,20603,20604],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20605,3364],{},[20,20607,714],{},[64,20609,20611],{"className":66,"code":20610,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20612,20613,20650,20654,20678],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20614,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20642,20644,20646,20648],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20616,8757],{"class":79},[73,20618,84],{"class":83},[73,20620,10083],{"class":105},[73,20622,384],{"class":87},[73,20624,115],{"class":91},[73,20626,384],{"class":87},[73,20628,2475],{"class":105},[73,20630,88],{"class":87},[73,20632,12477],{"class":91},[73,20634,384],{"class":87},[73,20636,149],{"class":105},[73,20638,88],{"class":87},[73,20640,20641],{"class":91},"nickname",[73,20643,384],{"class":87},[73,20645,2475],{"class":105},[73,20647,3439],{"class":3438},[73,20649,8901],{"class":105},[73,20651,20652],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20653,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20655,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20657,102],{"class":101},[73,20659,106],{"class":105},[73,20661,8796],{"class":114},[73,20663,817],{"class":105},[73,20665,19349],{"class":114},[73,20667,106],{"class":105},[73,20669,384],{"class":87},[73,20671,20641],{"class":91},[73,20673,384],{"class":87},[73,20675,4948],{"class":105},[73,20677,20475],{"class":3249},[73,20679,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20681,102],{"class":101},[73,20683,106],{"class":105},[73,20685,8796],{"class":114},[73,20687,817],{"class":105},[73,20689,19349],{"class":114},[73,20691,106],{"class":105},[73,20693,384],{"class":87},[73,20695,10001],{"class":91},[73,20697,384],{"class":87},[73,20699,4948],{"class":105},[73,20701,20702],{"class":3249},"      # None\n",[20,20704,20705,20706,20708],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20707,3364],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20710,20711,20712,2475],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20713,3469],{},[64,20715,20717],{"className":66,"code":20716,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20718,20719,20755,20759,20780],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20720,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20722,8757],{"class":79},[73,20724,84],{"class":83},[73,20726,10083],{"class":105},[73,20728,384],{"class":87},[73,20730,115],{"class":91},[73,20732,384],{"class":87},[73,20734,2475],{"class":105},[73,20736,88],{"class":87},[73,20738,12477],{"class":91},[73,20740,384],{"class":87},[73,20742,149],{"class":105},[73,20744,88],{"class":87},[73,20746,20641],{"class":91},[73,20748,384],{"class":87},[73,20750,2475],{"class":105},[73,20752,3439],{"class":3438},[73,20754,8901],{"class":105},[73,20756,20757],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20758,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,20760,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20774,20776,20778],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20762,102],{"class":101},[73,20764,106],{"class":105},[73,20766,384],{"class":87},[73,20768,20641],{"class":91},[73,20770,384],{"class":87},[73,20772,20773],{"class":646}," in",[73,20775,14164],{"class":114},[73,20777,3246],{"class":105},[73,20779,3250],{"class":3249},[73,20781,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20783,102],{"class":101},[73,20785,106],{"class":105},[73,20787,384],{"class":87},[73,20789,10001],{"class":91},[73,20791,384],{"class":87},[73,20793,20773],{"class":646},[73,20795,14164],{"class":114},[73,20797,3246],{"class":105},[73,20799,20800],{"class":3249},"      # False\n",[20,20802,20803,20804,817],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[587,20805,20806],{"href":16751},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[59,20808,1207],{"id":1206},[20,20810,20811,20812,2475],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20813,10332],{},[30,20815,20816,20821,20828,20833],{},[33,20817,20818,20819],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20820,19286],{},[33,20822,4293,20823,1987,20825,20827],{},[15,20824,10332],{},[15,20826,3364],{}," if no default is provided",[33,20829,4168,20830,20832],{},[15,20831,10332],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,20834,20835],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20837,20838],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[64,20840,20842],{"className":66,"code":20841,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20843,20844,20854,20868,20886,20908],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20845,20846,20848,20850,20852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20847,102],{"class":101},[73,20849,106],{"class":105},[73,20851,11044],{"class":114},[73,20853,854],{"class":105},[73,20855,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,20857,102],{"class":101},[73,20859,106],{"class":105},[73,20861,11044],{"class":114},[73,20863,817],{"class":105},[73,20865,16522],{"class":114},[73,20867,348],{"class":105},[73,20869,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,20871,102],{"class":101},[73,20873,106],{"class":105},[73,20875,141],{"class":87},[73,20877,115],{"class":91},[73,20879,141],{"class":87},[73,20881,20773],{"class":646},[73,20883,11361],{"class":114},[73,20885,854],{"class":105},[73,20887,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,20889,102],{"class":101},[73,20891,106],{"class":105},[73,20893,11044],{"class":114},[73,20895,817],{"class":105},[73,20897,19349],{"class":114},[73,20899,106],{"class":105},[73,20901,141],{"class":87},[73,20903,115],{"class":91},[73,20905,141],{"class":87},[73,20907,118],{"class":105},[73,20909,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,20911,102],{"class":101},[73,20913,106],{"class":105},[73,20915,1271],{"class":1270},[73,20917,106],{"class":105},[73,20919,11044],{"class":114},[73,20921,817],{"class":105},[73,20923,19349],{"class":114},[73,20925,106],{"class":105},[73,20927,141],{"class":87},[73,20929,115],{"class":91},[73,20931,141],{"class":87},[73,20933,2503],{"class":105},[20,20935,20936],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,20938,20939,20944,20950,20956,20962],{},[33,20940,20941,20943],{},[15,20942,12275],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,20945,20946,20949],{},[15,20947,20948],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,20951,20952,20955],{},[15,20953,20954],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,20957,20958,20961],{},[15,20959,20960],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,20963,20964,20967],{},[15,20965,20966],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20969,20970,20971,355,20976,20980],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[587,20972,20973,20974,10333],{"href":16661},"the dictionary ",[15,20975,16664],{},[587,20977,20973,20978,10333],{"href":16673},[15,20979,16676],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[59,20982,1405],{"id":1404},[292,20984,12300,20986,20988,20989,1424],{"id":20985},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20987,10332],{}," raise ",[15,20990,19286],{},[20,20992,20993,20994,20996],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20995,3364],{}," or the default value you provide.",[292,20998,12300,21000,21002],{"id":20999},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21001,10332],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21004,21005],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[292,21007,21009,21010,1424],{"id":21008},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21011,10332],{},[20,21013,21014,21016],{},[15,21015,3364],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[292,21018,21020,21021,21023],{"id":21019},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21022,10332],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21025,121,21026,21028],{},[15,21027,10332],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[59,21030,1461],{"id":1460},[30,21032,21033,21037,21043,21049,21053,21058],{},[33,21034,21035],{},[587,21036,8747],{"href":8746},[33,21038,21039],{},[587,21040,10329,21041,10333],{"href":16661},[15,21042,16664],{},[33,21044,21045],{},[587,21046,10329,21047,10333],{"href":16673},[15,21048,16676],{},[33,21050,21051],{},[587,21052,16752],{"href":16751},[33,21054,21055],{},[587,21056,21057],{"href":16195},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21059,21060],{},[587,21061,10856],{"href":10667},[1500,21063,21064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21075,21076],{"id":19987,"depth":332,"text":19988},{"id":19349,"depth":332,"text":10332},{"id":20186,"depth":98,"text":20187},{"id":20399,"depth":98,"text":20400,"children":21079},[21080,21082,21084],{"id":20408,"depth":332,"text":21081},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20494,"depth":332,"text":21083},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20584,"depth":332,"text":21085},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":21088},[21089,21091,21093,21095],{"id":20985,"depth":332,"text":21090},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20999,"depth":332,"text":21092},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21008,"depth":332,"text":21094},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21019,"depth":332,"text":21096},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19267,"description":21098},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21105,"title":21106,"body":21107,"description":23663,"extension":1552,"meta":23664,"navigation":335,"path":23665,"seo":23666,"stem":23667,"__hash__":23668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21108,"toc":23629},[21109,21114,21120,21126,21128,21209,21213,21230,21235,21240,21245,21247,21261,21263,21326,21330,21370,21378,21380,21382,21397,21400,21413,21415,21494,21498,21564,21566,21570,21578,21580,21591,21593,21703,21707,21786,21792,21798,21803,21916,21920,21952,21955,22062,22068,22075,22079,22082,22185,22189,22250,22253,22256,22267,22276,22279,22296,22298,22397,22401,22476,22479,22502,22507,22512,22529,22531,22652,22656,22690,22692,22697,22704,22714,22716,22794,22797,22868,22878,22881,22913,22916,22955,22961,22968,22971,23062,23066,23147,23153,23156,23159,23264,23267,23270,23392,23396,23399,23466,23470,23507,23513,23515,23521,23526,23532,23539,23545,23548,23587,23593,23596,23598,23626],[10,21110,10912,21112,10916],{"id":21111},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21113,16676],{},[20,21115,1569,21116,21119],{},[15,21117,21118],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21121,21122,21123,21125],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21124,16676],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[59,21127,62],{"id":61},[64,21129,21131],{"className":66,"code":21130,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21132,21133,21169,21173,21195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21134,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21136,12802],{"class":79},[73,21138,84],{"class":83},[73,21140,10083],{"class":105},[73,21142,384],{"class":87},[73,21144,115],{"class":91},[73,21146,384],{"class":87},[73,21148,2475],{"class":105},[73,21150,88],{"class":87},[73,21152,12477],{"class":91},[73,21154,384],{"class":87},[73,21156,149],{"class":105},[73,21158,88],{"class":87},[73,21160,8891],{"class":91},[73,21162,384],{"class":87},[73,21164,2475],{"class":105},[73,21166,8898],{"class":315},[73,21168,8901],{"class":105},[73,21170,21171],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21172,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21174,21175,21177,21180,21182,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21176,5545],{"class":646},[73,21178,21179],{"class":79}," key",[73,21181,149],{"class":105},[73,21183,21184],{"class":79}," value ",[73,21186,3469],{"class":646},[73,21188,12845],{"class":79},[73,21190,817],{"class":105},[73,21192,7400],{"class":114},[73,21194,641],{"class":105},[73,21196,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,21198,7659],{"class":101},[73,21200,106],{"class":105},[73,21202,14439],{"class":114},[73,21204,149],{"class":105},[73,21206,8024],{"class":114},[73,21208,854],{"class":105},[20,21210,21211],{},[55,21212,1660],{},[64,21214,21216],{"className":66,"code":21215,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21217,21218,21223],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21219,21220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21221,21222],{"class":79},"name Ana\n",[73,21224,21225,21228],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21226,21227],{"class":79},"age ",[73,21229,2299],{"class":315},[20,21231,121,21232,21234],{},[15,21233,16676],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[59,21236,236,21238,239],{"id":21237},"what-items-does",[15,21239,16676],{},[20,21241,21242,21244],{},[15,21243,16676],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21246,261],{},[30,21248,21249,21255,21258],{},[33,21250,21251,21252],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21253,21254],{},"(key, value)",[33,21256,21257],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21259,21260],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21262,714],{},[64,21264,21266],{"className":66,"code":21265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21267,21268,21304,21308],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21269,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21271,12802],{"class":79},[73,21273,84],{"class":83},[73,21275,10083],{"class":105},[73,21277,384],{"class":87},[73,21279,115],{"class":91},[73,21281,384],{"class":87},[73,21283,2475],{"class":105},[73,21285,88],{"class":87},[73,21287,12477],{"class":91},[73,21289,384],{"class":87},[73,21291,149],{"class":105},[73,21293,88],{"class":87},[73,21295,8891],{"class":91},[73,21297,384],{"class":87},[73,21299,2475],{"class":105},[73,21301,8898],{"class":315},[73,21303,8901],{"class":105},[73,21305,21306],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21307,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21309,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21311,102],{"class":101},[73,21313,106],{"class":105},[73,21315,7684],{"class":1270},[73,21317,106],{"class":105},[73,21319,16905],{"class":114},[73,21321,817],{"class":105},[73,21323,7400],{"class":114},[73,21325,5878],{"class":105},[20,21327,21328],{},[55,21329,1660],{},[64,21331,21333],{"className":66,"code":21332,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21334,21335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21336,21337,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21338,21339],{"class":105},"[(",[73,21341,141],{"class":87},[73,21343,115],{"class":91},[73,21345,141],{"class":87},[73,21347,149],{"class":105},[73,21349,152],{"class":87},[73,21351,12477],{"class":91},[73,21353,141],{"class":87},[73,21355,8825],{"class":105},[73,21357,8828],{"class":105},[73,21359,141],{"class":87},[73,21361,8891],{"class":91},[73,21363,141],{"class":87},[73,21365,149],{"class":105},[73,21367,8898],{"class":315},[73,21369,8841],{"class":105},[20,21371,21372,21373,2468,21375,817],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[587,21374,8747],{"href":12620},[587,21376,14623],{"href":21377},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[59,21379,285],{"id":284},[20,21381,5021],{},[64,21383,21385],{"className":66,"code":21384,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21386,21387],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21388,21389,21391,21393,21395],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21390,11044],{"class":79},[73,21392,817],{"class":105},[73,21394,7400],{"class":114},[73,21396,8233],{"class":105},[20,21398,21399],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21401,21402,21407,21410],{},[33,21403,21404,21406],{},[15,21405,16676],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21408,21409],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21411,21412],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21414,714],{},[64,21416,21418],{"className":66,"code":21417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21419,21420,21452,21456,21470,21474,21484],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21421,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21423,4654],{"class":79},[73,21425,84],{"class":83},[73,21427,10083],{"class":105},[73,21429,384],{"class":87},[73,21431,4594],{"class":91},[73,21433,384],{"class":87},[73,21435,2475],{"class":105},[73,21437,19497],{"class":315},[73,21439,149],{"class":105},[73,21441,88],{"class":87},[73,21443,4603],{"class":91},[73,21445,384],{"class":87},[73,21447,2475],{"class":105},[73,21449,13105],{"class":315},[73,21451,8901],{"class":105},[73,21453,21454],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21455,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21457,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21459,1819],{"class":79},[73,21461,84],{"class":83},[73,21463,4701],{"class":79},[73,21465,817],{"class":105},[73,21467,7400],{"class":114},[73,21469,8233],{"class":105},[73,21471,21472],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,21473,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21475,21476,21478,21480,21482],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,21477,102],{"class":101},[73,21479,106],{"class":105},[73,21481,1854],{"class":114},[73,21483,854],{"class":105},[73,21485,21486,21488,21490,21492],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,21487,102],{"class":101},[73,21489,106],{"class":105},[73,21491,15987],{"class":114},[73,21493,854],{"class":105},[20,21495,21496],{},[55,21497,1660],{},[64,21499,21501],{"className":66,"code":21500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21502,21503,21536],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21504,21505,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21506,21507],{"class":114},"dict_items",[73,21509,9250],{"class":105},[73,21511,141],{"class":87},[73,21513,4594],{"class":91},[73,21515,141],{"class":87},[73,21517,149],{"class":105},[73,21519,19497],{"class":315},[73,21521,8825],{"class":105},[73,21523,8828],{"class":105},[73,21525,141],{"class":87},[73,21527,4603],{"class":91},[73,21529,141],{"class":87},[73,21531,149],{"class":105},[73,21533,13105],{"class":315},[73,21535,10271],{"class":105},[73,21537,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21539,8870],{"class":105},[73,21541,141],{"class":87},[73,21543,4594],{"class":91},[73,21545,141],{"class":87},[73,21547,2475],{"class":105},[73,21549,19497],{"class":315},[73,21551,149],{"class":105},[73,21553,152],{"class":87},[73,21555,4603],{"class":91},[73,21557,141],{"class":87},[73,21559,2475],{"class":105},[73,21561,13105],{"class":315},[73,21563,8901],{"class":105},[20,21565,20491],{},[59,21567,21569],{"id":21568},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21571,21572,21574,21575,21577],{},[15,21573,16676],{}," returns a ",[15,21576,21507],{}," view object.",[20,21579,1697],{},[30,21581,21582,21585,21588],{},[33,21583,21584],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21586,21587],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21589,21590],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21592,714],{},[64,21594,21596],{"className":66,"code":21595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21597,21598,21630,21644,21648,21662,21666,21685,21689],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21599,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21601,8757],{"class":79},[73,21603,84],{"class":83},[73,21605,10083],{"class":105},[73,21607,384],{"class":87},[73,21609,354],{"class":91},[73,21611,384],{"class":87},[73,21613,2475],{"class":105},[73,21615,5084],{"class":315},[73,21617,149],{"class":105},[73,21619,88],{"class":87},[73,21621,11340],{"class":91},[73,21623,384],{"class":87},[73,21625,2475],{"class":105},[73,21627,409],{"class":315},[73,21629,8901],{"class":105},[73,21631,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21633,8807],{"class":79},[73,21635,84],{"class":83},[73,21637,14164],{"class":79},[73,21639,817],{"class":105},[73,21641,7400],{"class":114},[73,21643,8233],{"class":105},[73,21645,21646],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21647,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21649,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,21651,102],{"class":101},[73,21653,106],{"class":105},[73,21655,7684],{"class":1270},[73,21657,106],{"class":105},[73,21659,8854],{"class":114},[73,21661,118],{"class":105},[73,21663,21664],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,21665,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21667,21668,21670,21672,21674,21677,21679,21681,21683],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,21669,8796],{"class":79},[73,21671,138],{"class":105},[73,21673,384],{"class":87},[73,21675,21676],{"class":91},"z",[73,21678,384],{"class":87},[73,21680,12871],{"class":105},[73,21682,12874],{"class":83},[73,21684,2168],{"class":315},[73,21686,21687],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,21688,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21690,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,21692,102],{"class":101},[73,21694,106],{"class":105},[73,21696,7684],{"class":1270},[73,21698,106],{"class":105},[73,21700,8854],{"class":114},[73,21702,118],{"class":105},[20,21704,21705],{},[55,21706,1660],{},[64,21708,21710],{"className":66,"code":21709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21711,21712,21742],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21713,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21715,21339],{"class":105},[73,21717,141],{"class":87},[73,21719,354],{"class":91},[73,21721,141],{"class":87},[73,21723,149],{"class":105},[73,21725,5084],{"class":315},[73,21727,8825],{"class":105},[73,21729,8828],{"class":105},[73,21731,141],{"class":87},[73,21733,11340],{"class":91},[73,21735,141],{"class":87},[73,21737,149],{"class":105},[73,21739,409],{"class":315},[73,21741,8841],{"class":105},[73,21743,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21745,21339],{"class":105},[73,21747,141],{"class":87},[73,21749,354],{"class":91},[73,21751,141],{"class":87},[73,21753,149],{"class":105},[73,21755,5084],{"class":315},[73,21757,8825],{"class":105},[73,21759,8828],{"class":105},[73,21761,141],{"class":87},[73,21763,11340],{"class":91},[73,21765,141],{"class":87},[73,21767,149],{"class":105},[73,21769,409],{"class":315},[73,21771,8825],{"class":105},[73,21773,8828],{"class":105},[73,21775,141],{"class":87},[73,21777,21676],{"class":91},[73,21779,141],{"class":87},[73,21781,149],{"class":105},[73,21783,414],{"class":315},[73,21785,8841],{"class":105},[20,21787,21788,21789,21791],{},"This happens because ",[15,21790,8854],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[59,21793,21795,21796],{"id":21794},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21797,16676],{},[20,21799,21800,21801,2475],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21802,16676],{},[64,21804,21806],{"className":66,"code":21805,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21807,21808,21861,21865,21885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21809,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21811,12460],{"class":79},[73,21813,84],{"class":83},[73,21815,10083],{"class":105},[73,21817,384],{"class":87},[73,21819,115],{"class":91},[73,21821,384],{"class":87},[73,21823,2475],{"class":105},[73,21825,88],{"class":87},[73,21827,7511],{"class":91},[73,21829,384],{"class":87},[73,21831,149],{"class":105},[73,21833,88],{"class":87},[73,21835,19490],{"class":91},[73,21837,384],{"class":87},[73,21839,2475],{"class":105},[73,21841,88],{"class":87},[73,21843,21844],{"class":91},"A",[73,21846,384],{"class":87},[73,21848,149],{"class":105},[73,21850,88],{"class":87},[73,21852,8891],{"class":91},[73,21854,384],{"class":87},[73,21856,2475],{"class":105},[73,21858,13455],{"class":315},[73,21860,8901],{"class":105},[73,21862,21863],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21864,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,21866,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21868,5545],{"class":646},[73,21870,21179],{"class":79},[73,21872,149],{"class":105},[73,21874,21184],{"class":79},[73,21876,3469],{"class":646},[73,21878,12503],{"class":79},[73,21880,817],{"class":105},[73,21882,7400],{"class":114},[73,21884,641],{"class":105},[73,21886,21887,21889,21891,21894,21896,21898,21900,21903,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,21888,7659],{"class":101},[73,21890,106],{"class":105},[73,21892,21893],{"class":633},"f",[73,21895,384],{"class":91},[73,21897,8870],{"class":315},[73,21899,14439],{"class":114},[73,21901,21902],{"class":315},"}",[73,21904,21905],{"class":91},": ",[73,21907,8870],{"class":315},[73,21909,2063],{"class":114},[73,21911,21902],{"class":315},[73,21913,384],{"class":91},[73,21915,854],{"class":105},[20,21917,21918],{},[55,21919,1660],{},[64,21921,21923],{"className":66,"code":21922,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21924,21925,21934,21943],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21926,21927,21929,21931],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21928,115],{"class":79},[73,21930,2475],{"class":105},[73,21932,21933],{"class":79}," Mia\n",[73,21935,21936,21938,21940],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,21937,19490],{"class":79},[73,21939,2475],{"class":105},[73,21941,21942],{"class":79}," A\n",[73,21944,21945,21947,21949],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,21946,8891],{"class":79},[73,21948,2475],{"class":105},[73,21950,21951],{"class":315}," 14\n",[20,21953,21954],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[64,21956,21958],{"className":66,"code":21957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21959,21960,22012,22016,22028],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21961,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21963,12460],{"class":79},[73,21965,84],{"class":83},[73,21967,10083],{"class":105},[73,21969,384],{"class":87},[73,21971,115],{"class":91},[73,21973,384],{"class":87},[73,21975,2475],{"class":105},[73,21977,88],{"class":87},[73,21979,7511],{"class":91},[73,21981,384],{"class":87},[73,21983,149],{"class":105},[73,21985,88],{"class":87},[73,21987,19490],{"class":91},[73,21989,384],{"class":87},[73,21991,2475],{"class":105},[73,21993,88],{"class":87},[73,21995,21844],{"class":91},[73,21997,384],{"class":87},[73,21999,149],{"class":105},[73,22001,88],{"class":87},[73,22003,8891],{"class":91},[73,22005,384],{"class":87},[73,22007,2475],{"class":105},[73,22009,13455],{"class":315},[73,22011,8901],{"class":105},[73,22013,22014],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22015,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22017,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22019,5545],{"class":646},[73,22021,17808],{"class":79},[73,22023,3469],{"class":646},[73,22025,12503],{"class":79},[73,22027,5982],{"class":105},[73,22029,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22031,7659],{"class":101},[73,22033,106],{"class":105},[73,22035,21893],{"class":633},[73,22037,384],{"class":91},[73,22039,8870],{"class":315},[73,22041,14439],{"class":114},[73,22043,21902],{"class":315},[73,22045,21905],{"class":91},[73,22047,8870],{"class":315},[73,22049,13223],{"class":114},[73,22051,138],{"class":105},[73,22053,14439],{"class":114},[73,22055,12871],{"class":105},[73,22057,21902],{"class":315},[73,22059,384],{"class":91},[73,22061,854],{"class":105},[20,22063,6100,22064,22067],{},[15,22065,22066],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22069,22070,22071,817],{},"For a full guide, see ",[587,22072,22074],{"href":22073},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[59,22076,22078],{"id":22077},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22080,22081],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[64,22083,22085],{"className":66,"code":22084,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22086,22087,22146,22150,22170,22174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22088,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22124,22126,22128,22130,22133,22135,22137,22139,22142,22144],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22090,12673],{"class":79},[73,22092,84],{"class":83},[73,22094,10083],{"class":105},[73,22096,384],{"class":87},[73,22098,3666],{"class":91},[73,22100,384],{"class":87},[73,22102,2475],{"class":105},[73,22104,88],{"class":87},[73,22106,12690],{"class":91},[73,22108,384],{"class":87},[73,22110,149],{"class":105},[73,22112,88],{"class":87},[73,22114,3675],{"class":91},[73,22116,384],{"class":87},[73,22118,2475],{"class":105},[73,22120,88],{"class":87},[73,22122,22123],{"class":91},"yellow",[73,22125,384],{"class":87},[73,22127,149],{"class":105},[73,22129,88],{"class":87},[73,22131,22132],{"class":91},"grape",[73,22134,384],{"class":87},[73,22136,2475],{"class":105},[73,22138,88],{"class":87},[73,22140,22141],{"class":91},"purple",[73,22143,384],{"class":87},[73,22145,8901],{"class":105},[73,22147,22148],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22149,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22151,22152,22155,22157,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22153,22154],{"class":79},"pairs_list ",[73,22156,84],{"class":83},[73,22158,22159],{"class":1270}," list",[73,22161,106],{"class":105},[73,22163,17101],{"class":114},[73,22165,817],{"class":105},[73,22167,7400],{"class":114},[73,22169,348],{"class":105},[73,22171,22172],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22173,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22175,22176,22178,22180,22183],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,22177,102],{"class":101},[73,22179,106],{"class":105},[73,22181,22182],{"class":114},"pairs_list",[73,22184,854],{"class":105},[20,22186,22187],{},[55,22188,1660],{},[64,22190,22192],{"className":66,"code":22191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22193,22194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22195,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22197,21339],{"class":105},[73,22199,141],{"class":87},[73,22201,3666],{"class":91},[73,22203,141],{"class":87},[73,22205,149],{"class":105},[73,22207,152],{"class":87},[73,22209,12690],{"class":91},[73,22211,141],{"class":87},[73,22213,8825],{"class":105},[73,22215,8828],{"class":105},[73,22217,141],{"class":87},[73,22219,3675],{"class":91},[73,22221,141],{"class":87},[73,22223,149],{"class":105},[73,22225,152],{"class":87},[73,22227,22123],{"class":91},[73,22229,141],{"class":87},[73,22231,8825],{"class":105},[73,22233,8828],{"class":105},[73,22235,141],{"class":87},[73,22237,22132],{"class":91},[73,22239,141],{"class":87},[73,22241,149],{"class":105},[73,22243,152],{"class":87},[73,22245,22141],{"class":91},[73,22247,141],{"class":87},[73,22249,8841],{"class":105},[20,22251,22252],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22254,22255],{},"Use this when:",[30,22257,22258,22261,22264],{},[33,22259,22260],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22262,22263],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22265,22266],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[59,22268,22270,1011,22272,1011,22274],{"id":22269},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22271,16676],{},[15,22273,16664],{},[15,22275,16670],{},[20,22277,22278],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22280,22281,22286,22291],{},[33,22282,22283,22285],{},[15,22284,16676],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22287,22288,22290],{},[15,22289,16664],{}," gives only keys",[33,22292,22293,22295],{},[15,22294,16670],{}," gives only values",[20,22297,714],{},[64,22299,22301],{"className":66,"code":22300,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22302,22303,22339,22343,22361,22379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22304,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22306,12802],{"class":79},[73,22308,84],{"class":83},[73,22310,10083],{"class":105},[73,22312,384],{"class":87},[73,22314,115],{"class":91},[73,22316,384],{"class":87},[73,22318,2475],{"class":105},[73,22320,88],{"class":87},[73,22322,12477],{"class":91},[73,22324,384],{"class":87},[73,22326,149],{"class":105},[73,22328,88],{"class":87},[73,22330,8891],{"class":91},[73,22332,384],{"class":87},[73,22334,2475],{"class":105},[73,22336,8898],{"class":315},[73,22338,8901],{"class":105},[73,22340,22341],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22342,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22344,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22346,102],{"class":101},[73,22348,106],{"class":105},[73,22350,7684],{"class":1270},[73,22352,106],{"class":105},[73,22354,16905],{"class":114},[73,22356,817],{"class":105},[73,22358,16522],{"class":114},[73,22360,5878],{"class":105},[73,22362,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22364,102],{"class":101},[73,22366,106],{"class":105},[73,22368,7684],{"class":1270},[73,22370,106],{"class":105},[73,22372,16905],{"class":114},[73,22374,817],{"class":105},[73,22376,4945],{"class":114},[73,22378,5878],{"class":105},[73,22380,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,22382,102],{"class":101},[73,22384,106],{"class":105},[73,22386,7684],{"class":1270},[73,22388,106],{"class":105},[73,22390,16905],{"class":114},[73,22392,817],{"class":105},[73,22394,7400],{"class":114},[73,22396,5878],{"class":105},[20,22398,22399],{},[55,22400,1660],{},[64,22402,22404],{"className":66,"code":22403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22405,22406,22426,22442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22407,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22409,138],{"class":105},[73,22411,141],{"class":87},[73,22413,115],{"class":91},[73,22415,141],{"class":87},[73,22417,149],{"class":105},[73,22419,152],{"class":87},[73,22421,8891],{"class":91},[73,22423,141],{"class":87},[73,22425,229],{"class":105},[73,22427,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22429,138],{"class":105},[73,22431,141],{"class":87},[73,22433,12477],{"class":91},[73,22435,141],{"class":87},[73,22437,149],{"class":105},[73,22439,8898],{"class":315},[73,22441,229],{"class":105},[73,22443,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22445,21339],{"class":105},[73,22447,141],{"class":87},[73,22449,115],{"class":91},[73,22451,141],{"class":87},[73,22453,149],{"class":105},[73,22455,152],{"class":87},[73,22457,12477],{"class":91},[73,22459,141],{"class":87},[73,22461,8825],{"class":105},[73,22463,8828],{"class":105},[73,22465,141],{"class":87},[73,22467,8891],{"class":91},[73,22469,141],{"class":87},[73,22471,149],{"class":105},[73,22473,8898],{"class":315},[73,22475,8841],{"class":105},[20,22477,22478],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22480,22481,22489,22497],{},[33,22482,22483,22484],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[587,22485,22487],{"href":22486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22488,16664],{},[33,22490,22491,22492],{},"Need just values? Use ",[587,22493,22495],{"href":22494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22496,16670],{},[33,22498,22499,22500],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22501,16676],{},[59,22503,4551,22505],{"id":22504},"when-to-use-items",[15,22506,16676],{},[20,22508,22509,22511],{},[15,22510,16676],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22513,22514,22517,22520,22523,22526],{},[33,22515,22516],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22518,22519],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22521,22522],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22524,22525],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22527,22528],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22530,714],{},[64,22532,22534],{"className":66,"code":22533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22535,22536,22544,22562,22581,22593,22597,22601,22622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22537,22538,22540,22542],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22539,13423],{"class":79},[73,22541,84],{"class":83},[73,22543,11087],{"class":105},[73,22545,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22547,11092],{"class":87},[73,22549,12090],{"class":91},[73,22551,384],{"class":87},[73,22553,2475],{"class":105},[73,22555,88],{"class":87},[73,22557,12099],{"class":91},[73,22559,384],{"class":87},[73,22561,11108],{"class":105},[73,22563,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22577,22579],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22565,11092],{"class":87},[73,22567,19722],{"class":91},[73,22569,384],{"class":87},[73,22571,2475],{"class":105},[73,22573,88],{"class":87},[73,22575,22576],{"class":91},"English",[73,22578,384],{"class":87},[73,22580,11108],{"class":105},[73,22582,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22584,11092],{"class":87},[73,22586,18123],{"class":91},[73,22588,384],{"class":87},[73,22590,2475],{"class":105},[73,22592,6012],{"class":3438},[73,22594,22595],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,22596,8901],{"class":105},[73,22598,22599],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,22600,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22602,22603,22605,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,22604,5545],{"class":646},[73,22606,22607],{"class":79}," setting",[73,22609,149],{"class":105},[73,22611,21184],{"class":79},[73,22613,3469],{"class":646},[73,22615,13467],{"class":79},[73,22617,817],{"class":105},[73,22619,7400],{"class":114},[73,22621,641],{"class":105},[73,22623,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22637,22639,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,22625,7659],{"class":101},[73,22627,106],{"class":105},[73,22629,21893],{"class":633},[73,22631,384],{"class":91},[73,22633,8870],{"class":315},[73,22635,22636],{"class":114},"setting",[73,22638,21902],{"class":315},[73,22640,22641],{"class":91}," = ",[73,22643,8870],{"class":315},[73,22645,2063],{"class":114},[73,22647,21902],{"class":315},[73,22649,384],{"class":91},[73,22651,854],{"class":105},[20,22653,22654],{},[55,22655,1660],{},[64,22657,22659],{"className":66,"code":22658,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22660,22661,22671,22681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22662,22663,22666,22668],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22664,22665],{"class":79},"theme ",[73,22667,84],{"class":83},[73,22669,22670],{"class":79}," dark\n",[73,22672,22673,22676,22678],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22674,22675],{"class":79},"language ",[73,22677,84],{"class":83},[73,22679,22680],{"class":79}," English\n",[73,22682,22683,22686,22688],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22684,22685],{"class":79},"notifications ",[73,22687,84],{"class":83},[73,22689,6012],{"class":3438},[59,22691,1207],{"id":1206},[20,22693,22694,22695,817],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22696,16676],{},[292,22698,22700,22701,22703],{"id":22699},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22702,16676],{}," incorrectly",[20,22705,22706,22707,22709,22710,22713],{},"Each result from ",[15,22708,16676],{}," has ",[55,22711,22712],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22715,6278],{},[64,22717,22718],{"className":66,"code":21130,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,22719,22720,22756,22760,22780],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22721,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22723,12802],{"class":79},[73,22725,84],{"class":83},[73,22727,10083],{"class":105},[73,22729,384],{"class":87},[73,22731,115],{"class":91},[73,22733,384],{"class":87},[73,22735,2475],{"class":105},[73,22737,88],{"class":87},[73,22739,12477],{"class":91},[73,22741,384],{"class":87},[73,22743,149],{"class":105},[73,22745,88],{"class":87},[73,22747,8891],{"class":91},[73,22749,384],{"class":87},[73,22751,2475],{"class":105},[73,22753,8898],{"class":315},[73,22755,8901],{"class":105},[73,22757,22758],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22759,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22761,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22763,5545],{"class":646},[73,22765,21179],{"class":79},[73,22767,149],{"class":105},[73,22769,21184],{"class":79},[73,22771,3469],{"class":646},[73,22773,12845],{"class":79},[73,22775,817],{"class":105},[73,22777,7400],{"class":114},[73,22779,641],{"class":105},[73,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22783,7659],{"class":101},[73,22785,106],{"class":105},[73,22787,14439],{"class":114},[73,22789,149],{"class":105},[73,22791,8024],{"class":114},[73,22793,854],{"class":105},[20,22795,22796],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[64,22798,22800],{"className":66,"code":22799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22801,22802,22838,22842,22858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22803,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22805,12802],{"class":79},[73,22807,84],{"class":83},[73,22809,10083],{"class":105},[73,22811,384],{"class":87},[73,22813,115],{"class":91},[73,22815,384],{"class":87},[73,22817,2475],{"class":105},[73,22819,88],{"class":87},[73,22821,12477],{"class":91},[73,22823,384],{"class":87},[73,22825,149],{"class":105},[73,22827,88],{"class":87},[73,22829,8891],{"class":91},[73,22831,384],{"class":87},[73,22833,2475],{"class":105},[73,22835,8898],{"class":315},[73,22837,8901],{"class":105},[73,22839,22840],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22841,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,22845,5545],{"class":646},[73,22847,17808],{"class":79},[73,22849,3469],{"class":646},[73,22851,12845],{"class":79},[73,22853,817],{"class":105},[73,22855,7400],{"class":114},[73,22857,641],{"class":105},[73,22859,22860,22862,22864,22866],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,22861,7659],{"class":101},[73,22863,106],{"class":105},[73,22865,14439],{"class":114},[73,22867,854],{"class":105},[20,22869,22870,22871,22873,22874,22877],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22872,14439],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22875,22876],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22879,22880],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[64,22882,22884],{"className":66,"code":22883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22885,22886,22902],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22887,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22889,5545],{"class":646},[73,22891,5548],{"class":79},[73,22893,3469],{"class":646},[73,22895,12845],{"class":79},[73,22897,817],{"class":105},[73,22899,7400],{"class":114},[73,22901,641],{"class":105},[73,22903,22904,22906,22908,22911],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22905,7659],{"class":101},[73,22907,106],{"class":105},[73,22909,22910],{"class":114},"item",[73,22912,854],{"class":105},[20,22914,22915],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[64,22917,22919],{"className":66,"code":22918,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22920,22921,22941],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22922,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22924,5545],{"class":646},[73,22926,21179],{"class":79},[73,22928,149],{"class":105},[73,22930,21184],{"class":79},[73,22932,3469],{"class":646},[73,22934,12845],{"class":79},[73,22936,817],{"class":105},[73,22938,7400],{"class":114},[73,22940,641],{"class":105},[73,22942,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,22944,7659],{"class":101},[73,22946,106],{"class":105},[73,22948,14439],{"class":114},[73,22950,149],{"class":105},[73,22952,8024],{"class":114},[73,22954,854],{"class":105},[292,22956,8044,22958,22960],{"id":22957},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22959,16676],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22962,22963,21574,22965,22967],{},[15,22964,16676],{},[15,22966,21507],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22969,22970],{},"Check it:",[64,22972,22974],{"className":66,"code":22973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22975,22976,23008,23012,23026,23044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22977,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22979,11319],{"class":79},[73,22981,84],{"class":83},[73,22983,10083],{"class":105},[73,22985,384],{"class":87},[73,22987,587],{"class":91},[73,22989,384],{"class":87},[73,22991,2475],{"class":105},[73,22993,5084],{"class":315},[73,22995,149],{"class":105},[73,22997,88],{"class":87},[73,22999,4350],{"class":91},[73,23001,384],{"class":87},[73,23003,2475],{"class":105},[73,23005,409],{"class":315},[73,23007,8901],{"class":105},[73,23009,23010],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23011,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23013,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23015,102],{"class":101},[73,23017,106],{"class":105},[73,23019,11044],{"class":114},[73,23021,817],{"class":105},[73,23023,7400],{"class":114},[73,23025,348],{"class":105},[73,23027,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23029,102],{"class":101},[73,23031,106],{"class":105},[73,23033,1271],{"class":1270},[73,23035,106],{"class":105},[73,23037,11044],{"class":114},[73,23039,817],{"class":105},[73,23041,7400],{"class":114},[73,23043,5878],{"class":105},[73,23045,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,23047,102],{"class":101},[73,23049,106],{"class":105},[73,23051,7684],{"class":1270},[73,23053,106],{"class":105},[73,23055,11044],{"class":114},[73,23057,817],{"class":105},[73,23059,7400],{"class":114},[73,23061,5878],{"class":105},[20,23063,23064],{},[55,23065,1660],{},[64,23067,23069],{"className":66,"code":23068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23070,23071,23103,23117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23072,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23074,21507],{"class":114},[73,23076,9250],{"class":105},[73,23078,141],{"class":87},[73,23080,587],{"class":91},[73,23082,141],{"class":87},[73,23084,149],{"class":105},[73,23086,5084],{"class":315},[73,23088,8825],{"class":105},[73,23090,8828],{"class":105},[73,23092,141],{"class":87},[73,23094,4350],{"class":91},[73,23096,141],{"class":87},[73,23098,149],{"class":105},[73,23100,409],{"class":315},[73,23102,10271],{"class":105},[73,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23106,2879],{"class":83},[73,23108,2882],{"class":633},[73,23110,152],{"class":87},[73,23112,21507],{"class":91},[73,23114,141],{"class":87},[73,23116,2891],{"class":83},[73,23118,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23120,21339],{"class":105},[73,23122,141],{"class":87},[73,23124,587],{"class":91},[73,23126,141],{"class":87},[73,23128,149],{"class":105},[73,23130,5084],{"class":315},[73,23132,8825],{"class":105},[73,23134,8828],{"class":105},[73,23136,141],{"class":87},[73,23138,4350],{"class":91},[73,23140,141],{"class":87},[73,23142,149],{"class":105},[73,23144,409],{"class":315},[73,23146,8841],{"class":105},[292,23148,23150,23151],{"id":23149},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23152,16676],{},[20,23154,23155],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23157,23158],{},"Problem example:",[64,23160,23162],{"className":66,"code":23161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23163,23164,23208,23212,23232,23244],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23165,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23167,523],{"class":79},[73,23169,84],{"class":83},[73,23171,10083],{"class":105},[73,23173,384],{"class":87},[73,23175,587],{"class":91},[73,23177,384],{"class":87},[73,23179,2475],{"class":105},[73,23181,5084],{"class":315},[73,23183,149],{"class":105},[73,23185,88],{"class":87},[73,23187,4350],{"class":91},[73,23189,384],{"class":87},[73,23191,2475],{"class":105},[73,23193,409],{"class":315},[73,23195,149],{"class":105},[73,23197,88],{"class":87},[73,23199,9332],{"class":91},[73,23201,384],{"class":87},[73,23203,2475],{"class":105},[73,23205,414],{"class":315},[73,23207,8901],{"class":105},[73,23209,23210],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23211,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23213,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23215,5545],{"class":646},[73,23217,21179],{"class":79},[73,23219,149],{"class":105},[73,23221,21184],{"class":79},[73,23223,3469],{"class":646},[73,23225,3851],{"class":79},[73,23227,817],{"class":105},[73,23229,7400],{"class":114},[73,23231,641],{"class":105},[73,23233,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23235,5987],{"class":646},[73,23237,21184],{"class":79},[73,23239,4277],{"class":83},[73,23241,409],{"class":315},[73,23243,5982],{"class":105},[73,23245,23246,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,23247,23248],{"class":79},"        numbers",[73,23250,138],{"class":105},[73,23252,384],{"class":87},[73,23254,18366],{"class":91},[73,23256,384],{"class":87},[73,23258,12871],{"class":105},[73,23260,12874],{"class":83},[73,23262,23263],{"class":315}," 4\n",[20,23265,23266],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23268,23269],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[64,23271,23273],{"className":66,"code":23272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23274,23275,23319,23323,23348,23360,23378,23382],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23276,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23278,523],{"class":79},[73,23280,84],{"class":83},[73,23282,10083],{"class":105},[73,23284,384],{"class":87},[73,23286,587],{"class":91},[73,23288,384],{"class":87},[73,23290,2475],{"class":105},[73,23292,5084],{"class":315},[73,23294,149],{"class":105},[73,23296,88],{"class":87},[73,23298,4350],{"class":91},[73,23300,384],{"class":87},[73,23302,2475],{"class":105},[73,23304,409],{"class":315},[73,23306,149],{"class":105},[73,23308,88],{"class":87},[73,23310,9332],{"class":91},[73,23312,384],{"class":87},[73,23314,2475],{"class":105},[73,23316,414],{"class":315},[73,23318,8901],{"class":105},[73,23320,23321],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23322,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23324,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23326,5545],{"class":646},[73,23328,21179],{"class":79},[73,23330,149],{"class":105},[73,23332,21184],{"class":79},[73,23334,3469],{"class":646},[73,23336,22159],{"class":1270},[73,23338,106],{"class":105},[73,23340,553],{"class":114},[73,23342,817],{"class":105},[73,23344,7400],{"class":114},[73,23346,23347],{"class":105},"()):\n",[73,23349,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23351,5987],{"class":646},[73,23353,21184],{"class":79},[73,23355,4277],{"class":83},[73,23357,409],{"class":315},[73,23359,5982],{"class":105},[73,23361,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,23363,23248],{"class":79},[73,23365,138],{"class":105},[73,23367,384],{"class":87},[73,23369,18366],{"class":91},[73,23371,384],{"class":87},[73,23373,12871],{"class":105},[73,23375,12874],{"class":83},[73,23377,23263],{"class":315},[73,23379,23380],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,23381,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23383,23384,23386,23388,23390],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,23385,102],{"class":101},[73,23387,106],{"class":105},[73,23389,553],{"class":114},[73,23391,854],{"class":105},[292,23393,23395],{"id":23394},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23397,23398],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[64,23400,23402],{"className":66,"code":23401,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23403,23404,23436,23440,23456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23407,8757],{"class":79},[73,23409,84],{"class":83},[73,23411,10083],{"class":105},[73,23413,384],{"class":87},[73,23415,354],{"class":91},[73,23417,384],{"class":87},[73,23419,2475],{"class":105},[73,23421,5592],{"class":315},[73,23423,149],{"class":105},[73,23425,88],{"class":87},[73,23427,11340],{"class":91},[73,23429,384],{"class":87},[73,23431,2475],{"class":105},[73,23433,7380],{"class":315},[73,23435,8901],{"class":105},[73,23437,23438],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23439,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23443,5545],{"class":646},[73,23445,5548],{"class":79},[73,23447,3469],{"class":646},[73,23449,14164],{"class":79},[73,23451,817],{"class":105},[73,23453,7400],{"class":114},[73,23455,641],{"class":105},[73,23457,23458,23460,23462,23464],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23459,7659],{"class":101},[73,23461,106],{"class":105},[73,23463,22910],{"class":114},[73,23465,854],{"class":105},[20,23467,23468],{},[55,23469,1660],{},[64,23471,23473],{"className":66,"code":23472,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23474,23475,23491],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23476,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23478,106],{"class":105},[73,23480,141],{"class":87},[73,23482,354],{"class":91},[73,23484,141],{"class":87},[73,23486,149],{"class":105},[73,23488,5592],{"class":315},[73,23490,854],{"class":105},[73,23492,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23494,106],{"class":105},[73,23496,141],{"class":87},[73,23498,11340],{"class":91},[73,23500,141],{"class":87},[73,23502,149],{"class":105},[73,23504,7380],{"class":315},[73,23506,854],{"class":105},[20,23508,23509,23510,23512],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23511,21254],{}," pair.",[59,23514,1405],{"id":1404},[292,23516,23518,23519,1412],{"id":23517},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23520,16676],{},[20,23522,17020,23523,23525],{},[15,23524,21507],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[292,23527,12300,23529,23531],{"id":23528},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23530,16676],{}," return a list?",[20,23533,23534,23535,23538],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23536,23537],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[292,23540,23542,23543,1424],{"id":23541},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23544,16676],{},[20,23546,23547],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[64,23549,23551],{"className":66,"code":23550,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23552,23553,23573],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23554,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23556,5545],{"class":646},[73,23558,21179],{"class":79},[73,23560,149],{"class":105},[73,23562,21184],{"class":79},[73,23564,3469],{"class":646},[73,23566,11361],{"class":79},[73,23568,817],{"class":105},[73,23570,7400],{"class":114},[73,23572,641],{"class":105},[73,23574,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23576,7659],{"class":101},[73,23578,106],{"class":105},[73,23580,14439],{"class":114},[73,23582,149],{"class":105},[73,23584,8024],{"class":114},[73,23586,854],{"class":105},[292,23588,12300,23590,23592],{"id":23589},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23591,16676],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23594,23595],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[59,23597,1461],{"id":1460},[30,23599,23600,23606,23612,23617,23621],{},[33,23601,23602],{},[587,23603,10329,23604,10333],{"href":22486},[15,23605,16664],{},[33,23607,23608],{},[587,23609,10329,23610,10333],{"href":22494},[15,23611,16670],{},[33,23613,23614],{},[587,23615,23616],{"href":22073},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23618,23619],{},[587,23620,8747],{"href":12620},[33,23622,23623],{},[587,23624,23625],{"href":21377},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1500,23627,23628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":23630},[23631,23632,23634,23635,23636,23638,23639,23641,23643,23652,23662],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":21237,"depth":98,"text":23633},"What items() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":21568,"depth":98,"text":21569},{"id":21794,"depth":98,"text":23637},"Looping with items()",{"id":22077,"depth":98,"text":22078},{"id":22269,"depth":98,"text":23640},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22504,"depth":98,"text":23642},"When to use items()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":23644},[23645,23647,23649,23651],{"id":22699,"depth":332,"text":23646},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22957,"depth":332,"text":23648},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23149,"depth":332,"text":23650},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23394,"depth":332,"text":23395},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":23653},[23654,23656,23658,23660],{"id":23517,"depth":332,"text":23655},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23528,"depth":332,"text":23657},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23541,"depth":332,"text":23659},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23589,"depth":332,"text":23661},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21106,"description":23663},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23670,"title":23671,"body":23672,"description":25759,"extension":1552,"meta":25760,"navigation":335,"path":22486,"seo":25761,"stem":25762,"__hash__":25763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23673,"toc":25725},[23674,23679,23685,23688,23699,23706,23708,23791,23795,23842,23847,23852,23857,23859,23875,23877,23976,23980,24037,24040,24042,24045,24138,24142,24205,24208,24224,24229,24231,24233,24248,24250,24261,24263,24306,24309,24352,24355,24357,24364,24367,24384,24386,24479,24483,24524,24536,24540,24543,24631,24635,24655,24658,24685,24692,24697,24701,24712,24714,24818,24822,24848,24851,24918,24923,24926,24949,24954,24956,24961,24967,24972,24974,25029,25033,25060,25067,25073,25076,25101,25107,25133,25136,25211,25218,25223,25225,25264,25281,25285,25288,25331,25334,25336,25355,25357,25362,25387,25390,25460,25463,25536,25540,25542,25603,25606,25622,25624,25629,25634,25641,25650,25656,25662,25669,25675,25679,25684,25686,25722],[10,23675,10912,23677,10916],{"id":23676},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23678,16664],{},[20,23680,23681,23682,23684],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23683,16664],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23686,23687],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,23689,23690,23693,23696],{},[33,23691,23692],{},"view the available keys",[33,23694,23695],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23697,23698],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23700,23701,23703,23704,817],{},[15,23702,16664],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23705,16613],{},[59,23707,62],{"id":61},[64,23709,23711],{"className":66,"code":23710,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23712,23713,23749,23763,23767,23777],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23714,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23716,12460],{"class":79},[73,23718,84],{"class":83},[73,23720,10083],{"class":105},[73,23722,384],{"class":87},[73,23724,115],{"class":91},[73,23726,384],{"class":87},[73,23728,2475],{"class":105},[73,23730,88],{"class":87},[73,23732,12477],{"class":91},[73,23734,384],{"class":87},[73,23736,149],{"class":105},[73,23738,88],{"class":87},[73,23740,8891],{"class":91},[73,23742,384],{"class":87},[73,23744,2475],{"class":105},[73,23746,7380],{"class":315},[73,23748,8901],{"class":105},[73,23750,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23752,16840],{"class":79},[73,23754,84],{"class":83},[73,23756,12503],{"class":79},[73,23758,817],{"class":105},[73,23760,16522],{"class":114},[73,23762,8233],{"class":105},[73,23764,23765],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23766,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23768,23769,23771,23773,23775],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23770,102],{"class":101},[73,23772,106],{"class":105},[73,23774,16522],{"class":114},[73,23776,854],{"class":105},[73,23778,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,23780,102],{"class":101},[73,23782,106],{"class":105},[73,23784,7684],{"class":1270},[73,23786,106],{"class":105},[73,23788,16522],{"class":114},[73,23790,118],{"class":105},[20,23792,23793],{},[55,23794,1660],{},[64,23796,23798],{"className":66,"code":23797,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23799,23800,23822],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23801,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23803,16613],{"class":114},[73,23805,401],{"class":105},[73,23807,141],{"class":87},[73,23809,115],{"class":91},[73,23811,141],{"class":87},[73,23813,149],{"class":105},[73,23815,152],{"class":87},[73,23817,8891],{"class":91},[73,23819,141],{"class":87},[73,23821,3475],{"class":105},[73,23823,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23825,138],{"class":105},[73,23827,141],{"class":87},[73,23829,115],{"class":91},[73,23831,141],{"class":87},[73,23833,149],{"class":105},[73,23835,152],{"class":87},[73,23837,8891],{"class":91},[73,23839,141],{"class":87},[73,23841,229],{"class":105},[20,23843,121,23844,23846],{},[15,23845,16664],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[59,23848,236,23850,239],{"id":23849},"what-keys-does",[15,23851,16664],{},[20,23853,23854,23856],{},[15,23855,16664],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23858,261],{},[30,23860,23861,23864,23867,23872],{},[33,23862,23863],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,23865,23866],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,23868,17020,23869,23871],{},[15,23870,16613],{}," view object, not a list",[33,23873,23874],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23876,714],{},[64,23878,23880],{"className":66,"code":23879,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23881,23882,23918,23922,23936,23940,23962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23883,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23885,12802],{"class":79},[73,23887,84],{"class":83},[73,23889,10083],{"class":105},[73,23891,384],{"class":87},[73,23893,115],{"class":91},[73,23895,384],{"class":87},[73,23897,2475],{"class":105},[73,23899,88],{"class":87},[73,23901,12819],{"class":91},[73,23903,384],{"class":87},[73,23905,149],{"class":105},[73,23907,88],{"class":87},[73,23909,8891],{"class":91},[73,23911,384],{"class":87},[73,23913,2475],{"class":105},[73,23915,8898],{"class":315},[73,23917,8901],{"class":105},[73,23919,23920],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,23921,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23923,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,23925,102],{"class":101},[73,23927,106],{"class":105},[73,23929,16905],{"class":114},[73,23931,817],{"class":105},[73,23933,16522],{"class":114},[73,23935,348],{"class":105},[73,23937,23938],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,23939,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,23941,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,23943,16905],{"class":79},[73,23945,138],{"class":105},[73,23947,384],{"class":87},[73,23949,10001],{"class":91},[73,23951,384],{"class":87},[73,23953,12871],{"class":105},[73,23955,12874],{"class":83},[73,23957,88],{"class":87},[73,23959,10008],{"class":91},[73,23961,95],{"class":87},[73,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,23965,102],{"class":101},[73,23967,106],{"class":105},[73,23969,16905],{"class":114},[73,23971,817],{"class":105},[73,23973,16522],{"class":114},[73,23975,348],{"class":105},[20,23977,23978],{},[55,23979,1660],{},[64,23981,23983],{"className":66,"code":23982,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23984,23985,24007],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23986,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23988,16613],{"class":114},[73,23990,401],{"class":105},[73,23992,141],{"class":87},[73,23994,115],{"class":91},[73,23996,141],{"class":87},[73,23998,149],{"class":105},[73,24000,152],{"class":87},[73,24002,8891],{"class":91},[73,24004,141],{"class":87},[73,24006,3475],{"class":105},[73,24008,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24010,16613],{"class":114},[73,24012,401],{"class":105},[73,24014,141],{"class":87},[73,24016,115],{"class":91},[73,24018,141],{"class":87},[73,24020,149],{"class":105},[73,24022,152],{"class":87},[73,24024,8891],{"class":91},[73,24026,141],{"class":87},[73,24028,149],{"class":105},[73,24030,152],{"class":87},[73,24032,10001],{"class":91},[73,24034,141],{"class":87},[73,24036,3475],{"class":105},[20,24038,24039],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[59,24041,5374],{"id":5373},[20,24043,24044],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[64,24046,24048],{"className":66,"code":24047,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24049,24050,24102,24106,24120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24051,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24053,8757],{"class":79},[73,24055,84],{"class":83},[73,24057,10083],{"class":105},[73,24059,384],{"class":87},[73,24061,115],{"class":91},[73,24063,384],{"class":87},[73,24065,2475],{"class":105},[73,24067,88],{"class":87},[73,24069,12477],{"class":91},[73,24071,384],{"class":87},[73,24073,149],{"class":105},[73,24075,88],{"class":87},[73,24077,8891],{"class":91},[73,24079,384],{"class":87},[73,24081,2475],{"class":105},[73,24083,7380],{"class":315},[73,24085,149],{"class":105},[73,24087,88],{"class":87},[73,24089,19490],{"class":91},[73,24091,384],{"class":87},[73,24093,2475],{"class":105},[73,24095,88],{"class":87},[73,24097,21844],{"class":91},[73,24099,384],{"class":87},[73,24101,8901],{"class":105},[73,24103,24104],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24105,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24107,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24109,102],{"class":101},[73,24111,106],{"class":105},[73,24113,8796],{"class":114},[73,24115,817],{"class":105},[73,24117,16522],{"class":114},[73,24119,348],{"class":105},[73,24121,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,24123,102],{"class":101},[73,24125,106],{"class":105},[73,24127,7684],{"class":1270},[73,24129,106],{"class":105},[73,24131,8796],{"class":114},[73,24133,817],{"class":105},[73,24135,16522],{"class":114},[73,24137,5878],{"class":105},[20,24139,24140],{},[55,24141,1660],{},[64,24143,24145],{"className":66,"code":24144,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24146,24147,24177],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24148,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24150,16613],{"class":114},[73,24152,401],{"class":105},[73,24154,141],{"class":87},[73,24156,115],{"class":91},[73,24158,141],{"class":87},[73,24160,149],{"class":105},[73,24162,152],{"class":87},[73,24164,8891],{"class":91},[73,24166,141],{"class":87},[73,24168,149],{"class":105},[73,24170,152],{"class":87},[73,24172,19490],{"class":91},[73,24174,141],{"class":87},[73,24176,3475],{"class":105},[73,24178,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24180,138],{"class":105},[73,24182,141],{"class":87},[73,24184,115],{"class":91},[73,24186,141],{"class":87},[73,24188,149],{"class":105},[73,24190,152],{"class":87},[73,24192,8891],{"class":91},[73,24194,141],{"class":87},[73,24196,149],{"class":105},[73,24198,152],{"class":87},[73,24200,19490],{"class":91},[73,24202,141],{"class":87},[73,24204,229],{"class":105},[20,24206,24207],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24209,24210,24218],{},[33,24211,24212,21574,24215,24217],{},[15,24213,24214],{},"data.keys()",[15,24216,16613],{}," object",[33,24219,24220,24223],{},[15,24221,24222],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24225,8743,24226,817],{},[587,24227,24228],{"href":8983},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[59,24230,5018],{"id":5017},[20,24232,1750],{},[64,24234,24236],{"className":66,"code":24235,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24237,24238],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24241,11044],{"class":79},[73,24243,817],{"class":105},[73,24245,16522],{"class":114},[73,24247,8233],{"class":105},[20,24249,21399],{},[30,24251,24252,24255,24258],{},[33,24253,24254],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24256,24257],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24259,24260],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24262,16254],{},[64,24264,24266],{"className":66,"code":24265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24267,24268,24292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24269,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24271,12460],{"class":79},[73,24273,84],{"class":83},[73,24275,10083],{"class":105},[73,24277,384],{"class":87},[73,24279,115],{"class":91},[73,24281,384],{"class":87},[73,24283,2475],{"class":105},[73,24285,88],{"class":87},[73,24287,12477],{"class":91},[73,24289,384],{"class":87},[73,24291,8901],{"class":105},[73,24293,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24295,102],{"class":101},[73,24297,106],{"class":105},[73,24299,13223],{"class":114},[73,24301,817],{"class":105},[73,24303,16522],{"class":114},[73,24305,348],{"class":105},[20,24307,24308],{},"Incorrect:",[64,24310,24312],{"className":66,"code":24311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24313,24314,24338],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24317,12460],{"class":79},[73,24319,84],{"class":83},[73,24321,10083],{"class":105},[73,24323,384],{"class":87},[73,24325,115],{"class":91},[73,24327,384],{"class":87},[73,24329,2475],{"class":105},[73,24331,88],{"class":87},[73,24333,12477],{"class":91},[73,24335,384],{"class":87},[73,24337,8901],{"class":105},[73,24339,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24341,102],{"class":101},[73,24343,106],{"class":105},[73,24345,13223],{"class":114},[73,24347,817],{"class":105},[73,24349,16522],{"class":851},[73,24351,854],{"class":105},[20,24353,24354],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[59,24356,17017],{"id":17016},[20,24358,24359,21574,24361,24363],{},[15,24360,16664],{},[15,24362,16613],{}," object.",[20,24365,24366],{},"This object:",[30,24368,24369,24372,24375,24381],{},[33,24370,24371],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24373,24374],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24376,24377,24378],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24379,24380],{},"list()",[33,24382,24383],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24385,714],{},[64,24387,24389],{"className":66,"code":24388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24390,24391,24432,24436,24451,24455,24465],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24392,24393,24396,24398,24400,24402,24405,24407,24409,24411,24414,24416,24418,24420,24423,24425,24427,24430],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24394,24395],{"class":79},"car ",[73,24397,84],{"class":83},[73,24399,10083],{"class":105},[73,24401,384],{"class":87},[73,24403,24404],{"class":91},"brand",[73,24406,384],{"class":87},[73,24408,2475],{"class":105},[73,24410,88],{"class":87},[73,24412,24413],{"class":91},"Toyota",[73,24415,384],{"class":87},[73,24417,149],{"class":105},[73,24419,88],{"class":87},[73,24421,24422],{"class":91},"year",[73,24424,384],{"class":87},[73,24426,2475],{"class":105},[73,24428,24429],{"class":315}," 2020",[73,24431,8901],{"class":105},[73,24433,24434],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24435,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24437,24438,24440,24442,24445,24447,24449],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24439,1819],{"class":79},[73,24441,84],{"class":83},[73,24443,24444],{"class":79}," car",[73,24446,817],{"class":105},[73,24448,16522],{"class":114},[73,24450,8233],{"class":105},[73,24452,24453],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,24454,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24456,24457,24459,24461,24463],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,24458,102],{"class":101},[73,24460,106],{"class":105},[73,24462,1854],{"class":114},[73,24464,854],{"class":105},[73,24466,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,24468,102],{"class":101},[73,24470,106],{"class":105},[73,24472,1271],{"class":1270},[73,24474,106],{"class":105},[73,24476,1854],{"class":114},[73,24478,118],{"class":105},[20,24480,24481],{},[55,24482,1660],{},[64,24484,24486],{"className":66,"code":24485,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24487,24488,24510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24489,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24491,16613],{"class":114},[73,24493,401],{"class":105},[73,24495,141],{"class":87},[73,24497,24404],{"class":91},[73,24499,141],{"class":87},[73,24501,149],{"class":105},[73,24503,152],{"class":87},[73,24505,24422],{"class":91},[73,24507,141],{"class":87},[73,24509,3475],{"class":105},[73,24511,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24513,2879],{"class":83},[73,24515,2882],{"class":633},[73,24517,152],{"class":87},[73,24519,16613],{"class":91},[73,24521,141],{"class":87},[73,24523,2891],{"class":83},[20,24525,24526,24527,24531,24532,817],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[587,24528,10329,24529,10333],{"href":16667},[15,24530,16670],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[587,24533,10329,24534,10333],{"href":16673},[15,24535,16676],{},[59,24537,24539],{"id":24538},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24541,24542],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[64,24544,24546],{"className":66,"code":24545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24547,24548,24601,24605,24621],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24549,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24597,24599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24551,12460],{"class":79},[73,24553,84],{"class":83},[73,24555,10083],{"class":105},[73,24557,384],{"class":87},[73,24559,115],{"class":91},[73,24561,384],{"class":87},[73,24563,2475],{"class":105},[73,24565,88],{"class":87},[73,24567,12477],{"class":91},[73,24569,384],{"class":87},[73,24571,149],{"class":105},[73,24573,88],{"class":87},[73,24575,8891],{"class":91},[73,24577,384],{"class":87},[73,24579,2475],{"class":105},[73,24581,7380],{"class":315},[73,24583,149],{"class":105},[73,24585,88],{"class":87},[73,24587,14927],{"class":91},[73,24589,384],{"class":87},[73,24591,2475],{"class":105},[73,24593,88],{"class":87},[73,24595,24596],{"class":91},"Math",[73,24598,384],{"class":87},[73,24600,8901],{"class":105},[73,24602,24603],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24604,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24608,5545],{"class":646},[73,24610,17808],{"class":79},[73,24612,3469],{"class":646},[73,24614,12503],{"class":79},[73,24616,817],{"class":105},[73,24618,16522],{"class":114},[73,24620,641],{"class":105},[73,24622,24623,24625,24627,24629],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,24624,7659],{"class":101},[73,24626,106],{"class":105},[73,24628,14439],{"class":114},[73,24630,854],{"class":105},[20,24632,24633],{},[55,24634,1660],{},[64,24636,24638],{"className":66,"code":24637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24639,24640,24645,24650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24641,24642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24643,24644],{"class":79},"name\n",[73,24646,24647],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24648,24649],{"class":79},"age\n",[73,24651,24652],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24653,24654],{"class":79},"course\n",[20,24656,24657],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[64,24659,24661],{"className":66,"code":24660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24662,24663,24675],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24664,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24666,5545],{"class":646},[73,24668,17808],{"class":79},[73,24670,3469],{"class":646},[73,24672,12503],{"class":79},[73,24674,5982],{"class":105},[73,24676,24677,24679,24681,24683],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24678,7659],{"class":101},[73,24680,106],{"class":105},[73,24682,14439],{"class":114},[73,24684,854],{"class":105},[20,24686,24687,24688,24691],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24689,24690],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[59,24693,4551,24695],{"id":24694},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24696,16664],{},[20,24698,121,24699,10193],{},[15,24700,16664],{},[30,24702,24703,24706,24709],{},[33,24704,24705],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24707,24708],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24710,24711],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24713,714],{},[64,24715,24717],{"className":66,"code":24716,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24718,24719,24772,24776,24791,24808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24720,24721,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24741,24743,24745,24747,24750,24752,24754,24757,24759,24761,24764,24766,24768,24770],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24722,24723],{"class":79},"product ",[73,24725,84],{"class":83},[73,24727,10083],{"class":105},[73,24729,384],{"class":87},[73,24731,115],{"class":91},[73,24733,384],{"class":87},[73,24735,2475],{"class":105},[73,24737,88],{"class":87},[73,24739,24740],{"class":91},"Book",[73,24742,384],{"class":87},[73,24744,149],{"class":105},[73,24746,88],{"class":87},[73,24748,24749],{"class":91},"price",[73,24751,384],{"class":87},[73,24753,2475],{"class":105},[73,24755,24756],{"class":315}," 12.99",[73,24758,149],{"class":105},[73,24760,88],{"class":87},[73,24762,24763],{"class":91},"stock",[73,24765,384],{"class":87},[73,24767,2475],{"class":105},[73,24769,4194],{"class":315},[73,24771,8901],{"class":105},[73,24773,24774],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24775,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24777,24778,24780,24782,24784,24787,24789],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24779,102],{"class":101},[73,24781,106],{"class":105},[73,24783,384],{"class":87},[73,24785,24786],{"class":91},"Available fields:",[73,24788,384],{"class":87},[73,24790,854],{"class":105},[73,24792,24793,24795,24797,24799,24802,24804,24806],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,24794,5545],{"class":646},[73,24796,17808],{"class":79},[73,24798,3469],{"class":646},[73,24800,24801],{"class":79}," product",[73,24803,817],{"class":105},[73,24805,16522],{"class":114},[73,24807,641],{"class":105},[73,24809,24810,24812,24814,24816],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,24811,7659],{"class":101},[73,24813,106],{"class":105},[73,24815,14439],{"class":114},[73,24817,854],{"class":105},[20,24819,24820],{},[55,24821,1660],{},[64,24823,24825],{"className":66,"code":24824,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24826,24827,24834,24838,24843],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24828,24829,24832],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24830,24831],{"class":79},"Available fields",[73,24833,5982],{"class":105},[73,24835,24836],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24837,24644],{"class":79},[73,24839,24840],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24841,24842],{"class":79},"price\n",[73,24844,24845],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,24846,24847],{"class":79},"stock\n",[20,24849,24850],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[64,24852,24854],{"className":66,"code":24853,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24855,24856,24892,24896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24857,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24859,24723],{"class":79},[73,24861,84],{"class":83},[73,24863,10083],{"class":105},[73,24865,384],{"class":87},[73,24867,115],{"class":91},[73,24869,384],{"class":87},[73,24871,2475],{"class":105},[73,24873,88],{"class":87},[73,24875,24740],{"class":91},[73,24877,384],{"class":87},[73,24879,149],{"class":105},[73,24881,88],{"class":87},[73,24883,24749],{"class":91},[73,24885,384],{"class":87},[73,24887,2475],{"class":105},[73,24889,24756],{"class":315},[73,24891,8901],{"class":105},[73,24893,24894],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,24895,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,24897,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,24899,102],{"class":101},[73,24901,106],{"class":105},[73,24903,384],{"class":87},[73,24905,115],{"class":91},[73,24907,384],{"class":87},[73,24909,20773],{"class":646},[73,24911,24801],{"class":114},[73,24913,817],{"class":105},[73,24915,16522],{"class":114},[73,24917,348],{"class":105},[20,24919,24920,24921,817],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24922,3190],{},[20,24924,24925],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[64,24927,24929],{"className":66,"code":24928,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24930,24931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24932,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24934,102],{"class":101},[73,24936,106],{"class":105},[73,24938,384],{"class":87},[73,24940,115],{"class":91},[73,24942,384],{"class":87},[73,24944,20773],{"class":646},[73,24946,24801],{"class":114},[73,24948,854],{"class":105},[20,24950,24951,24952,817],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[587,24953,20806],{"href":16751},[59,24955,1112],{"id":1111},[20,24957,24958,24959,817],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24960,16664],{},[292,24962,8044,24964,24966],{"id":24963},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24965,16664],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24968,24969,24971],{},[15,24970,16664],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24973,714],{},[64,24975,24977],{"className":66,"code":24976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24978,24979,25015],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24980,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24982,8757],{"class":79},[73,24984,84],{"class":83},[73,24986,10083],{"class":105},[73,24988,384],{"class":87},[73,24990,115],{"class":91},[73,24992,384],{"class":87},[73,24994,2475],{"class":105},[73,24996,88],{"class":87},[73,24998,12477],{"class":91},[73,25000,384],{"class":87},[73,25002,149],{"class":105},[73,25004,88],{"class":87},[73,25006,8891],{"class":91},[73,25008,384],{"class":87},[73,25010,2475],{"class":105},[73,25012,7380],{"class":315},[73,25014,8901],{"class":105},[73,25016,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25018,102],{"class":101},[73,25020,106],{"class":105},[73,25022,8796],{"class":114},[73,25024,817],{"class":105},[73,25026,16522],{"class":114},[73,25028,348],{"class":105},[20,25030,25031],{},[55,25032,1660],{},[64,25034,25036],{"className":66,"code":25035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25037,25038],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25039,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25041,16613],{"class":114},[73,25043,401],{"class":105},[73,25045,141],{"class":87},[73,25047,115],{"class":91},[73,25049,141],{"class":87},[73,25051,149],{"class":105},[73,25053,152],{"class":87},[73,25055,8891],{"class":91},[73,25057,141],{"class":87},[73,25059,3475],{"class":105},[20,25061,25062,25063,817],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[587,25064,25065],{"href":16673},[15,25066,16676],{},[292,25068,25070,25071],{"id":25069},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25072,16613],{},[20,25074,25075],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[64,25077,25079],{"className":66,"code":25078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25080,25081],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25082,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25084,138],{"class":105},[73,25086,141],{"class":87},[73,25088,115],{"class":91},[73,25090,141],{"class":87},[73,25092,149],{"class":105},[73,25094,152],{"class":87},[73,25096,8891],{"class":91},[73,25098,141],{"class":87},[73,25100,229],{"class":105},[20,25102,25103,25104,25106],{},"But ",[15,25105,16664],{}," returns:",[64,25108,25109],{"className":66,"code":25035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,25110,25111],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25112,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25114,16613],{"class":114},[73,25116,401],{"class":105},[73,25118,141],{"class":87},[73,25120,115],{"class":91},[73,25122,141],{"class":87},[73,25124,149],{"class":105},[73,25126,152],{"class":87},[73,25128,8891],{"class":91},[73,25130,141],{"class":87},[73,25132,3475],{"class":105},[20,25134,25135],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[64,25137,25139],{"className":66,"code":25138,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25140,25141,25177,25196,25200],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25144,8757],{"class":79},[73,25146,84],{"class":83},[73,25148,10083],{"class":105},[73,25150,384],{"class":87},[73,25152,115],{"class":91},[73,25154,384],{"class":87},[73,25156,2475],{"class":105},[73,25158,88],{"class":87},[73,25160,12477],{"class":91},[73,25162,384],{"class":87},[73,25164,149],{"class":105},[73,25166,88],{"class":87},[73,25168,8891],{"class":91},[73,25170,384],{"class":87},[73,25172,2475],{"class":105},[73,25174,7380],{"class":315},[73,25176,8901],{"class":105},[73,25178,25179,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25180,25181],{"class":79},"key_list ",[73,25183,84],{"class":83},[73,25185,22159],{"class":1270},[73,25187,106],{"class":105},[73,25189,8796],{"class":114},[73,25191,817],{"class":105},[73,25193,16522],{"class":114},[73,25195,348],{"class":105},[73,25197,25198],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,25199,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,25201,25202,25204,25206,25209],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,25203,102],{"class":101},[73,25205,106],{"class":105},[73,25207,25208],{"class":114},"key_list",[73,25210,854],{"class":105},[292,25212,25214,25215,25217],{"id":25213},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25216,16664],{}," on a list or string",[20,25219,25220,25222],{},[15,25221,16664],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25224,2426],{},[64,25226,25228],{"className":66,"code":25227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25229,25230,25250],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25231,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25233,523],{"class":79},[73,25235,84],{"class":83},[73,25237,528],{"class":105},[73,25239,404],{"class":315},[73,25241,149],{"class":105},[73,25243,409],{"class":315},[73,25245,149],{"class":105},[73,25247,414],{"class":315},[73,25249,229],{"class":105},[73,25251,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25253,102],{"class":101},[73,25255,106],{"class":105},[73,25257,553],{"class":114},[73,25259,817],{"class":105},[73,25261,16522],{"class":114},[73,25263,348],{"class":105},[20,25265,25266,25267,25269,25270,25272,25273,817],{},"You may get an ",[15,25268,44],{}," because lists do not have a ",[15,25271,16664],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[587,25274,25276,25277,25280],{"href":25275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25278,25279],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[292,25282,25284],{"id":25283},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25286,25287],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[64,25289,25291],{"className":66,"code":25290,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25292,25293,25317],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25294,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25296,8757],{"class":79},[73,25298,84],{"class":83},[73,25300,10083],{"class":105},[73,25302,384],{"class":87},[73,25304,115],{"class":91},[73,25306,384],{"class":87},[73,25308,2475],{"class":105},[73,25310,88],{"class":87},[73,25312,12477],{"class":91},[73,25314,384],{"class":87},[73,25316,8901],{"class":105},[73,25318,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25320,102],{"class":101},[73,25322,106],{"class":105},[73,25324,8796],{"class":114},[73,25326,817],{"class":105},[73,25328,16522],{"class":851},[73,25330,854],{"class":105},[20,25332,25333],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25335,18293],{},[64,25337,25339],{"className":66,"code":25338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25340,25341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25342,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25344,102],{"class":101},[73,25346,106],{"class":105},[73,25348,8796],{"class":114},[73,25350,817],{"class":105},[73,25352,16522],{"class":114},[73,25354,348],{"class":105},[59,25356,1207],{"id":1206},[20,25358,25359,25360,2475],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25361,16664],{},[30,25363,25364,25369,25375,25381],{},[33,25365,438,25366,25368],{},[15,25367,16664],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25370,25371,25372,25374],{},"Thinking ",[15,25373,16664],{}," returns values too",[33,25376,25377,25378,25380],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25379,16613],{}," like a normal list",[33,25382,25383,25384,25386],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25385,16613],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25388,25389],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[64,25391,25393],{"className":66,"code":25392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25394,25395,25427,25441,25445,25455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25396,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25398,8757],{"class":79},[73,25400,84],{"class":83},[73,25402,10083],{"class":105},[73,25404,384],{"class":87},[73,25406,587],{"class":91},[73,25408,384],{"class":87},[73,25410,2475],{"class":105},[73,25412,5084],{"class":315},[73,25414,149],{"class":105},[73,25416,88],{"class":87},[73,25418,4350],{"class":91},[73,25420,384],{"class":87},[73,25422,2475],{"class":105},[73,25424,409],{"class":315},[73,25426,8901],{"class":105},[73,25428,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25430,16840],{"class":79},[73,25432,84],{"class":83},[73,25434,14164],{"class":79},[73,25436,817],{"class":105},[73,25438,16522],{"class":114},[73,25440,8233],{"class":105},[73,25442,25443],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,25444,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,25446,25447,25449,25451,25453],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,25448,102],{"class":101},[73,25450,106],{"class":105},[73,25452,16522],{"class":114},[73,25454,854],{"class":105},[73,25456,25457],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,25458,25459],{"class":3249},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25461,25462],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[64,25464,25466],{"className":66,"code":25465,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25467,25468,25500,25518,25522],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25469,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25471,8757],{"class":79},[73,25473,84],{"class":83},[73,25475,10083],{"class":105},[73,25477,384],{"class":87},[73,25479,587],{"class":91},[73,25481,384],{"class":87},[73,25483,2475],{"class":105},[73,25485,5084],{"class":315},[73,25487,149],{"class":105},[73,25489,88],{"class":87},[73,25491,4350],{"class":91},[73,25493,384],{"class":87},[73,25495,2475],{"class":105},[73,25497,409],{"class":315},[73,25499,8901],{"class":105},[73,25501,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25503,16840],{"class":79},[73,25505,84],{"class":83},[73,25507,22159],{"class":1270},[73,25509,106],{"class":105},[73,25511,8796],{"class":114},[73,25513,817],{"class":105},[73,25515,16522],{"class":114},[73,25517,348],{"class":105},[73,25519,25520],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,25521,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,25523,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,25525,102],{"class":101},[73,25527,106],{"class":105},[73,25529,16522],{"class":114},[73,25531,138],{"class":105},[73,25533,1710],{"class":315},[73,25535,3475],{"class":105},[59,25537,25539],{"id":25538},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25541,10706],{},[64,25543,25545],{"className":66,"code":25544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25546,25547,25561,25571,25585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25548,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25550,102],{"class":101},[73,25552,106],{"class":105},[73,25554,1271],{"class":1270},[73,25556,106],{"class":105},[73,25558,11044],{"class":114},[73,25560,118],{"class":105},[73,25562,25563,25565,25567,25569],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25564,102],{"class":101},[73,25566,106],{"class":105},[73,25568,11044],{"class":114},[73,25570,854],{"class":105},[73,25572,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,25574,102],{"class":101},[73,25576,106],{"class":105},[73,25578,11044],{"class":114},[73,25580,817],{"class":105},[73,25582,16522],{"class":114},[73,25584,348],{"class":105},[73,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,25588,102],{"class":101},[73,25590,106],{"class":105},[73,25592,7684],{"class":1270},[73,25594,106],{"class":105},[73,25596,11044],{"class":114},[73,25598,817],{"class":105},[73,25600,16522],{"class":114},[73,25602,5878],{"class":105},[20,25604,25605],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25607,25608,25611,25614,25619],{},[33,25609,25610],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25612,25613],{},"what data it contains",[33,25615,25616,25617,11300],{},"what ",[15,25618,16664],{},[33,25620,25621],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[59,25623,1405],{"id":1404},[292,25625,23518,25627,1412],{"id":25626},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25628,16664],{},[20,25630,17020,25631,25633],{},[15,25632,16613],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[292,25635,14501,25637,25640],{"id":25636},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25638,25639],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25642,25643,25644,25646,25647,817],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25645,16613],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25648,25649],{},"list(dict.keys())",[292,25651,25653,25654,1424],{"id":25652},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25655,25639],{},[20,25657,25658,25659,25661],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25660,5545],{}," loop.",[292,25663,25665,25666,25668],{"id":25664},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25667,16664],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25670,25671,25672,25674],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25673,16664],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[292,25676,25678],{"id":25677},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25680,121,25681,817],{},[15,25682,25683],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[59,25685,1461],{"id":1460},[30,25687,25688,25693,25699,25705,25711,25715],{},[33,25689,25690],{},[587,25691,25692],{"href":8983},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25694,25695],{},[587,25696,10329,25697,10333],{"href":16667},[15,25698,16670],{},[33,25700,25701],{},[587,25702,10329,25703,10333],{"href":16673},[15,25704,16676],{},[33,25706,25707],{},[587,25708,25710],{"href":25709},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25712,25713],{},[587,25714,16752],{"href":16751},[33,25716,25717],{},[587,25718,25719,25720,25280],{"href":25275},"How to fix ",[15,25721,25279],{},[1500,25723,25724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":25726},[25727,25728,25730,25731,25732,25733,25734,25736,25745,25746,25747,25758],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":23849,"depth":98,"text":25729},"What keys() does",{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":24538,"depth":98,"text":24539},{"id":24694,"depth":98,"text":25735},"When to use keys()",{"id":1111,"depth":98,"text":1112,"children":25737},[25738,25740,25742,25744],{"id":24963,"depth":332,"text":25739},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25069,"depth":332,"text":25741},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25213,"depth":332,"text":25743},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25283,"depth":332,"text":25284},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":25538,"depth":98,"text":25539},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":25748},[25749,25751,25753,25755,25757],{"id":25626,"depth":332,"text":25750},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25636,"depth":332,"text":25752},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25652,"depth":332,"text":25754},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25664,"depth":332,"text":25756},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25677,"depth":332,"text":25678},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23671,"description":25759},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25765,"title":25766,"body":25767,"description":28039,"extension":1552,"meta":28040,"navigation":335,"path":28041,"seo":28042,"stem":28043,"__hash__":28044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25768,"toc":27992},[25769,25774,25779,25782,25784,25929,25942,25947,25951,25965,25967,26070,26079,26081,26084,26122,26147,26149,26256,26258,26265,26268,26276,26278,26419,26427,26432,26436,26447,26449,26611,26614,26622,26629,26635,26732,26738,26815,26818,26830,26835,26841,26844,26848,26937,26940,26944,27048,27055,27142,27151,27153,27158,27164,27167,27213,27216,27282,27291,27297,27390,27396,27402,27445,27448,27513,27519,27611,27614,27618,27624,27649,27652,27748,27755,27757,27762,27853,27855,27883,27888,27890,27897,27900,27904,27914,27919,27922,27929,27939,27946,27954,27956,27989],[10,25770,10912,25772,10916],{"id":25771},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25773,12359],{},[20,25775,25776,25778],{},[15,25777,12165],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25780,25781],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[59,25783,3195],{"id":3194},[64,25785,25787],{"className":66,"code":25786,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25788,25789,25825,25848,25862,25875,25879,25884,25916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25790,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25792,12802],{"class":79},[73,25794,84],{"class":83},[73,25796,10083],{"class":105},[73,25798,384],{"class":87},[73,25800,115],{"class":91},[73,25802,384],{"class":87},[73,25804,2475],{"class":105},[73,25806,88],{"class":87},[73,25808,12477],{"class":91},[73,25810,384],{"class":87},[73,25812,149],{"class":105},[73,25814,88],{"class":87},[73,25816,8891],{"class":91},[73,25818,384],{"class":87},[73,25820,2475],{"class":105},[73,25822,8898],{"class":315},[73,25824,8901],{"class":105},[73,25826,25827,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,25828,25829],{"class":79},"removed_age ",[73,25831,84],{"class":83},[73,25833,12845],{"class":79},[73,25835,817],{"class":105},[73,25837,569],{"class":114},[73,25839,106],{"class":105},[73,25841,384],{"class":87},[73,25843,8891],{"class":91},[73,25845,384],{"class":87},[73,25847,854],{"class":105},[73,25849,25850,25852,25854,25857,25859],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,25851,102],{"class":101},[73,25853,106],{"class":105},[73,25855,25856],{"class":114},"removed_age",[73,25858,3246],{"class":105},[73,25860,25861],{"class":3249},"   # 25\n",[73,25863,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,25865,102],{"class":101},[73,25867,106],{"class":105},[73,25869,16905],{"class":114},[73,25871,3246],{"class":105},[73,25873,25874],{"class":3249},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[73,25876,25877],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,25878,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,25880,25881],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,25882,25883],{"class":3249},"# Safe version with default value\n",[73,25885,25886,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25912,25914],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,25887,25888],{"class":79},"country ",[73,25890,84],{"class":83},[73,25892,12845],{"class":79},[73,25894,817],{"class":105},[73,25896,569],{"class":114},[73,25898,106],{"class":105},[73,25900,384],{"class":87},[73,25902,14860],{"class":91},[73,25904,384],{"class":87},[73,25906,149],{"class":105},[73,25908,88],{"class":87},[73,25910,25911],{"class":91},"Not found",[73,25913,384],{"class":87},[73,25915,854],{"class":105},[73,25917,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,25919,102],{"class":101},[73,25921,106],{"class":105},[73,25923,14860],{"class":114},[73,25925,3246],{"class":105},[73,25927,25928],{"class":3249},"       # Not found\n",[20,25930,121,25931,25934,25935,25938,25939,25941],{},[15,25932,25933],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25936,25937],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25940,19286],{}," when the key might not exist.",[59,25943,236,25945,239],{"id":25944},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25946,12165],{},[20,25948,25949,2475],{},[15,25950,12165],{},[30,25952,25953,25956,25959,25962],{},[33,25954,25955],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,25957,25958],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,25960,25961],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,25963,25964],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25966,714],{},[64,25968,25970],{"className":66,"code":25969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25971,25972,26012,26016,26039,26043,26057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25975,11082],{"class":79},[73,25977,84],{"class":83},[73,25979,10083],{"class":105},[73,25981,384],{"class":87},[73,25983,115],{"class":91},[73,25985,384],{"class":87},[73,25987,2475],{"class":105},[73,25989,88],{"class":87},[73,25991,12819],{"class":91},[73,25993,384],{"class":87},[73,25995,149],{"class":105},[73,25997,88],{"class":87},[73,25999,10001],{"class":91},[73,26001,384],{"class":87},[73,26003,2475],{"class":105},[73,26005,88],{"class":87},[73,26007,10008],{"class":91},[73,26009,384],{"class":87},[73,26011,8901],{"class":105},[73,26013,26014],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26015,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26017,26018,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26019,26020],{"class":79},"removed_city ",[73,26022,84],{"class":83},[73,26024,11165],{"class":79},[73,26026,817],{"class":105},[73,26028,569],{"class":114},[73,26030,106],{"class":105},[73,26032,384],{"class":87},[73,26034,10001],{"class":91},[73,26036,384],{"class":87},[73,26038,854],{"class":105},[73,26040,26041],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26042,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26044,26045,26047,26049,26052,26054],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26046,102],{"class":101},[73,26048,106],{"class":105},[73,26050,26051],{"class":114},"removed_city",[73,26053,3246],{"class":105},[73,26055,26056],{"class":3249},"  # Paris\n",[73,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,26060,102],{"class":101},[73,26062,106],{"class":105},[73,26064,11176],{"class":114},[73,26066,3246],{"class":105},[73,26068,26069],{"class":3249},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26071,20370,26072,26075,26076,817],{},[15,26073,26074],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26077,26078],{},"\"Paris\"",[59,26080,285],{"id":284},[20,26082,26083],{},"There are two common forms:",[64,26085,26087],{"className":66,"code":26086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26088,26089,26103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26090,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26092,11044],{"class":79},[73,26094,817],{"class":105},[73,26096,569],{"class":114},[73,26098,106],{"class":105},[73,26100,14439],{"class":114},[73,26102,854],{"class":105},[73,26104,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26120],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26106,11044],{"class":79},[73,26108,817],{"class":105},[73,26110,569],{"class":114},[73,26112,106],{"class":105},[73,26114,14439],{"class":114},[73,26116,149],{"class":105},[73,26118,26119],{"class":114}," default",[73,26121,854],{"class":105},[30,26123,26124,26130,26138,26144],{},[33,26125,26126,26129],{},[15,26127,26128],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26131,26132,26134,26135,26137],{},[15,26133,26128],{}," raises ",[15,26136,19286],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26139,26140,26143],{},[15,26141,26142],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26145,26146],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26148,714],{},[64,26150,26152],{"className":66,"code":26151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26153,26154,26186,26190,26215,26243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26155,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26157,4654],{"class":79},[73,26159,84],{"class":83},[73,26161,10083],{"class":105},[73,26163,384],{"class":87},[73,26165,876],{"class":91},[73,26167,384],{"class":87},[73,26169,2475],{"class":105},[73,26171,19497],{"class":315},[73,26173,149],{"class":105},[73,26175,88],{"class":87},[73,26177,18024],{"class":91},[73,26179,384],{"class":87},[73,26181,2475],{"class":105},[73,26183,13105],{"class":315},[73,26185,8901],{"class":105},[73,26187,26188],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26189,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26191,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26193,102],{"class":101},[73,26195,106],{"class":105},[73,26197,15987],{"class":114},[73,26199,817],{"class":105},[73,26201,569],{"class":114},[73,26203,106],{"class":105},[73,26205,384],{"class":87},[73,26207,876],{"class":91},[73,26209,384],{"class":87},[73,26211,4948],{"class":105},[73,26213,26214],{"class":3249},"         # 90\n",[73,26216,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26218,102],{"class":101},[73,26220,106],{"class":105},[73,26222,15987],{"class":114},[73,26224,817],{"class":105},[73,26226,569],{"class":114},[73,26228,106],{"class":105},[73,26230,384],{"class":87},[73,26232,18033],{"class":91},[73,26234,384],{"class":87},[73,26236,149],{"class":105},[73,26238,3420],{"class":315},[73,26240,4948],{"class":105},[73,26242,20367],{"class":3249},[73,26244,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26246,102],{"class":101},[73,26248,106],{"class":105},[73,26250,15987],{"class":114},[73,26252,3246],{"class":105},[73,26254,26255],{"class":3249},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[59,26257,17017],{"id":17016},[20,26259,26260,13651,26262,26264],{},[15,26261,12359],{},[55,26263,806],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26266,26267],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26269,26270,26273],{},[33,26271,26272],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26274,26275],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26277,714],{},[64,26279,26281],{"className":66,"code":26280,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26282,26283,26315,26319,26342,26374,26378,26392,26406],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26284,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26286,8757],{"class":79},[73,26288,84],{"class":83},[73,26290,10083],{"class":105},[73,26292,384],{"class":87},[73,26294,587],{"class":91},[73,26296,384],{"class":87},[73,26298,2475],{"class":105},[73,26300,5592],{"class":315},[73,26302,149],{"class":105},[73,26304,88],{"class":87},[73,26306,4350],{"class":91},[73,26308,384],{"class":87},[73,26310,2475],{"class":105},[73,26312,7380],{"class":315},[73,26314,8901],{"class":105},[73,26316,26317],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26318,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26320,26321,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26322,26323],{"class":79},"result1 ",[73,26325,84],{"class":83},[73,26327,14164],{"class":79},[73,26329,817],{"class":105},[73,26331,569],{"class":114},[73,26333,106],{"class":105},[73,26335,384],{"class":87},[73,26337,587],{"class":91},[73,26339,384],{"class":87},[73,26341,854],{"class":105},[73,26343,26344,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26370,26372],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26345,26346],{"class":79},"result2 ",[73,26348,84],{"class":83},[73,26350,14164],{"class":79},[73,26352,817],{"class":105},[73,26354,569],{"class":114},[73,26356,106],{"class":105},[73,26358,384],{"class":87},[73,26360,9332],{"class":91},[73,26362,384],{"class":87},[73,26364,149],{"class":105},[73,26366,88],{"class":87},[73,26368,26369],{"class":91},"missing",[73,26371,384],{"class":87},[73,26373,854],{"class":105},[73,26375,26376],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26377,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26379,26380,26382,26384,26387,26389],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,26381,102],{"class":101},[73,26383,106],{"class":105},[73,26385,26386],{"class":114},"result1",[73,26388,3246],{"class":105},[73,26390,26391],{"class":3249},"  # 10\n",[73,26393,26394,26396,26398,26401,26403],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,26395,102],{"class":101},[73,26397,106],{"class":105},[73,26399,26400],{"class":114},"result2",[73,26402,3246],{"class":105},[73,26404,26405],{"class":3249},"  # missing\n",[73,26407,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,26409,102],{"class":101},[73,26411,106],{"class":105},[73,26413,8796],{"class":114},[73,26415,3246],{"class":105},[73,26417,26418],{"class":3249},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26420,26421,26422,6221],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[587,26423,26424],{"href":10328},[15,26425,26426],{},"dict.get()",[59,26428,4551,26430],{"id":26429},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26431,12359],{},[20,26433,121,26434,10193],{},[15,26435,12359],{},[30,26437,26438,26441,26444],{},[33,26439,26440],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26442,26443],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26445,26446],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26448,714],{},[64,26450,26452],{"className":66,"code":26451,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26453,26454,26506,26510,26537,26541,26565,26569,26583,26597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26455,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26490,26492,26494,26497,26499,26501,26504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26457,24723],{"class":79},[73,26459,84],{"class":83},[73,26461,10083],{"class":105},[73,26463,384],{"class":87},[73,26465,115],{"class":91},[73,26467,384],{"class":87},[73,26469,2475],{"class":105},[73,26471,88],{"class":87},[73,26473,26474],{"class":91},"Laptop",[73,26476,384],{"class":87},[73,26478,149],{"class":105},[73,26480,88],{"class":87},[73,26482,24749],{"class":91},[73,26484,384],{"class":87},[73,26486,2475],{"class":105},[73,26488,26489],{"class":315}," 1200",[73,26491,149],{"class":105},[73,26493,88],{"class":87},[73,26495,26496],{"class":91},"discount",[73,26498,384],{"class":87},[73,26500,2475],{"class":105},[73,26502,26503],{"class":315}," 200",[73,26505,8901],{"class":105},[73,26507,26508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26509,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26511,26512,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26513,26514],{"class":79},"discount_amount ",[73,26516,84],{"class":83},[73,26518,24801],{"class":79},[73,26520,817],{"class":105},[73,26522,569],{"class":114},[73,26524,106],{"class":105},[73,26526,384],{"class":87},[73,26528,26496],{"class":91},[73,26530,384],{"class":87},[73,26532,149],{"class":105},[73,26534,3420],{"class":315},[73,26536,854],{"class":105},[73,26538,26539],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26540,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26542,26543,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26544,26545],{"class":79},"final_price ",[73,26547,84],{"class":83},[73,26549,24801],{"class":79},[73,26551,138],{"class":105},[73,26553,384],{"class":87},[73,26555,24749],{"class":91},[73,26557,384],{"class":87},[73,26559,12871],{"class":105},[73,26561,1811],{"class":83},[73,26563,26564],{"class":79}," discount_amount\n",[73,26566,26567],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,26568,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26570,26571,26573,26575,26578,26580],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,26572,102],{"class":101},[73,26574,106],{"class":105},[73,26576,26577],{"class":114},"discount_amount",[73,26579,3246],{"class":105},[73,26581,26582],{"class":3249},"  # 200\n",[73,26584,26585,26587,26589,26592,26594],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,26586,102],{"class":101},[73,26588,106],{"class":105},[73,26590,26591],{"class":114},"final_price",[73,26593,3246],{"class":105},[73,26595,26596],{"class":3249},"      # 1000\n",[73,26598,26599,26601,26603,26606,26608],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,26600,102],{"class":101},[73,26602,106],{"class":105},[73,26604,26605],{"class":114},"product",[73,26607,3246],{"class":105},[73,26609,26610],{"class":3249},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26612,26613],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[59,26615,26617,1011,26619],{"id":26616},"pop-vs-del",[15,26618,12359],{},[15,26620,26621],{},"del",[20,26623,10182,26624,355,26626,26628],{},[15,26625,12359],{},[15,26627,26621],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[292,26630,121,26632,26634],{"id":26631},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26633,12359],{}," when you need the removed value",[64,26636,26638],{"className":66,"code":26637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26639,26640,26676,26680,26702,26706,26719],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26641,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26643,12802],{"class":79},[73,26645,84],{"class":83},[73,26647,10083],{"class":105},[73,26649,384],{"class":87},[73,26651,115],{"class":91},[73,26653,384],{"class":87},[73,26655,2475],{"class":105},[73,26657,88],{"class":87},[73,26659,12477],{"class":91},[73,26661,384],{"class":87},[73,26663,149],{"class":105},[73,26665,88],{"class":87},[73,26667,8891],{"class":91},[73,26669,384],{"class":87},[73,26671,2475],{"class":105},[73,26673,8898],{"class":315},[73,26675,8901],{"class":105},[73,26677,26678],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26679,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26681,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26683,21227],{"class":79},[73,26685,84],{"class":83},[73,26687,12845],{"class":79},[73,26689,817],{"class":105},[73,26691,569],{"class":114},[73,26693,106],{"class":105},[73,26695,384],{"class":87},[73,26697,8891],{"class":91},[73,26699,384],{"class":87},[73,26701,854],{"class":105},[73,26703,26704],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26705,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26707,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26709,102],{"class":101},[73,26711,106],{"class":105},[73,26713,8891],{"class":114},[73,26715,3246],{"class":105},[73,26717,26718],{"class":3249},"     # 25\n",[73,26720,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,26722,102],{"class":101},[73,26724,106],{"class":105},[73,26726,16905],{"class":114},[73,26728,3246],{"class":105},[73,26730,26731],{"class":3249},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[292,26733,121,26735,26737],{"id":26734},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26736,26621],{}," when you only want deletion",[64,26739,26741],{"className":66,"code":26740,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26742,26743,26779,26783,26799,26803],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26746,12802],{"class":79},[73,26748,84],{"class":83},[73,26750,10083],{"class":105},[73,26752,384],{"class":87},[73,26754,115],{"class":91},[73,26756,384],{"class":87},[73,26758,2475],{"class":105},[73,26760,88],{"class":87},[73,26762,12477],{"class":91},[73,26764,384],{"class":87},[73,26766,149],{"class":105},[73,26768,88],{"class":87},[73,26770,8891],{"class":91},[73,26772,384],{"class":87},[73,26774,2475],{"class":105},[73,26776,8898],{"class":315},[73,26778,8901],{"class":105},[73,26780,26781],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26782,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26784,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26786,26621],{"class":646},[73,26788,12845],{"class":79},[73,26790,138],{"class":105},[73,26792,384],{"class":87},[73,26794,8891],{"class":91},[73,26796,384],{"class":87},[73,26798,229],{"class":105},[73,26800,26801],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26802,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26804,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26806,102],{"class":101},[73,26808,106],{"class":105},[73,26810,16905],{"class":114},[73,26812,3246],{"class":105},[73,26814,26731],{"class":3249},[20,26816,26817],{},"Difference:",[30,26819,26820,26825],{},[33,26821,26822,26824],{},[15,26823,12359],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,26826,26827,26829],{},[15,26828,26621],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26831,26832,26833,817],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[587,26834,12170],{"href":12169},[59,26836,26838,26839],{"id":26837},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26840,19286],{},[20,26842,26843],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[292,26845,26847],{"id":26846},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[64,26849,26851],{"className":66,"code":26850,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26852,26853,26878,26882,26908,26912,26924],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26854,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26874,26876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26856,11319],{"class":79},[73,26858,84],{"class":83},[73,26860,10083],{"class":105},[73,26862,384],{"class":87},[73,26864,115],{"class":91},[73,26866,384],{"class":87},[73,26868,2475],{"class":105},[73,26870,88],{"class":87},[73,26872,26873],{"class":91},"Sara",[73,26875,384],{"class":87},[73,26877,8901],{"class":105},[73,26879,26880],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26881,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26883,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26885,2037],{"class":79},[73,26887,84],{"class":83},[73,26889,11361],{"class":79},[73,26891,817],{"class":105},[73,26893,569],{"class":114},[73,26895,106],{"class":105},[73,26897,384],{"class":87},[73,26899,8891],{"class":91},[73,26901,384],{"class":87},[73,26903,149],{"class":105},[73,26905,3439],{"class":3438},[73,26907,854],{"class":105},[73,26909,26910],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26911,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26913,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,26915,102],{"class":101},[73,26917,106],{"class":105},[73,26919,2063],{"class":114},[73,26921,3246],{"class":105},[73,26923,20160],{"class":3249},[73,26925,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,26927,102],{"class":101},[73,26929,106],{"class":105},[73,26931,11044],{"class":114},[73,26933,3246],{"class":105},[73,26935,26936],{"class":3249}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26938,26939],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[292,26941,26943],{"id":26942},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[64,26945,26947],{"className":66,"code":26946,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26948,26949,26973,26977,26993,27016,27026,27033],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26950,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26952,11319],{"class":79},[73,26954,84],{"class":83},[73,26956,10083],{"class":105},[73,26958,384],{"class":87},[73,26960,115],{"class":91},[73,26962,384],{"class":87},[73,26964,2475],{"class":105},[73,26966,88],{"class":87},[73,26968,26873],{"class":91},[73,26970,384],{"class":87},[73,26972,8901],{"class":105},[73,26974,26975],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,26976,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,26980,6588],{"class":646},[73,26982,88],{"class":87},[73,26984,8891],{"class":91},[73,26986,384],{"class":87},[73,26988,20773],{"class":83},[73,26990,11361],{"class":79},[73,26992,5982],{"class":105},[73,26994,26995,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,26996,26997],{"class":79},"    value ",[73,26999,84],{"class":83},[73,27001,11361],{"class":79},[73,27003,817],{"class":105},[73,27005,569],{"class":114},[73,27007,106],{"class":105},[73,27009,384],{"class":87},[73,27011,8891],{"class":91},[73,27013,384],{"class":87},[73,27015,854],{"class":105},[73,27017,27018,27020,27022,27024],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,27019,7659],{"class":101},[73,27021,106],{"class":105},[73,27023,2063],{"class":114},[73,27025,854],{"class":105},[73,27027,27028,27031],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,27029,27030],{"class":646},"else",[73,27032,5982],{"class":105},[73,27034,27035,27037,27039,27041,27044,27046],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,27036,7659],{"class":101},[73,27038,106],{"class":105},[73,27040,384],{"class":87},[73,27042,27043],{"class":91},"Key not found",[73,27045,384],{"class":87},[73,27047,854],{"class":105},[292,27049,27051,27052,27054],{"id":27050},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27053,10332],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[64,27056,27058],{"className":66,"code":27057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27059,27060,27084,27088,27114,27118,27130],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27061,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27063,11319],{"class":79},[73,27065,84],{"class":83},[73,27067,10083],{"class":105},[73,27069,384],{"class":87},[73,27071,115],{"class":91},[73,27073,384],{"class":87},[73,27075,2475],{"class":105},[73,27077,88],{"class":87},[73,27079,26873],{"class":91},[73,27081,384],{"class":87},[73,27083,8901],{"class":105},[73,27085,27086],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27087,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27089,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27091,2037],{"class":79},[73,27093,84],{"class":83},[73,27095,11361],{"class":79},[73,27097,817],{"class":105},[73,27099,19349],{"class":114},[73,27101,106],{"class":105},[73,27103,384],{"class":87},[73,27105,8891],{"class":91},[73,27107,384],{"class":87},[73,27109,149],{"class":105},[73,27111,3439],{"class":3438},[73,27113,854],{"class":105},[73,27115,27116],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27117,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,27121,102],{"class":101},[73,27123,106],{"class":105},[73,27125,2063],{"class":114},[73,27127,3246],{"class":105},[73,27129,20160],{"class":3249},[73,27131,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,27133,102],{"class":101},[73,27135,106],{"class":105},[73,27137,11044],{"class":114},[73,27139,3246],{"class":105},[73,27141,26936],{"class":3249},[20,27143,121,27144,27148,27149,817],{},[587,27145,27146],{"href":10328},[15,27147,26426],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[587,27150,10856],{"href":10667},[59,27152,4107],{"id":4106},[20,27154,27155,27156,817],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27157,12165],{},[292,27159,25371,27161,27163],{"id":27160},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27162,12359],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27165,27166],{},"Lists use indexes:",[64,27168,27170],{"className":66,"code":27169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27171,27172,27192],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27173,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27175,523],{"class":79},[73,27177,84],{"class":83},[73,27179,528],{"class":105},[73,27181,1920],{"class":315},[73,27183,149],{"class":105},[73,27185,7380],{"class":315},[73,27187,149],{"class":105},[73,27189,7385],{"class":315},[73,27191,229],{"class":105},[73,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27195,102],{"class":101},[73,27197,106],{"class":105},[73,27199,553],{"class":114},[73,27201,817],{"class":105},[73,27203,569],{"class":114},[73,27205,106],{"class":105},[73,27207,404],{"class":315},[73,27209,4948],{"class":105},[73,27211,27212],{"class":3249},"  # 20\n",[20,27214,27215],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[64,27217,27219],{"className":66,"code":27218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27220,27221,27257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27222,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27224,12802],{"class":79},[73,27226,84],{"class":83},[73,27228,10083],{"class":105},[73,27230,384],{"class":87},[73,27232,115],{"class":91},[73,27234,384],{"class":87},[73,27236,2475],{"class":105},[73,27238,88],{"class":87},[73,27240,12477],{"class":91},[73,27242,384],{"class":87},[73,27244,149],{"class":105},[73,27246,88],{"class":87},[73,27248,8891],{"class":91},[73,27250,384],{"class":87},[73,27252,2475],{"class":105},[73,27254,8898],{"class":315},[73,27256,8901],{"class":105},[73,27258,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27260,102],{"class":101},[73,27262,106],{"class":105},[73,27264,16905],{"class":114},[73,27266,817],{"class":105},[73,27268,569],{"class":114},[73,27270,106],{"class":105},[73,27272,384],{"class":87},[73,27274,8891],{"class":91},[73,27276,384],{"class":87},[73,27278,4948],{"class":105},[73,27280,27281],{"class":3249},"  # 25\n",[20,27283,27284,27285,27287,27288,27290],{},"A dictionary does ",[55,27286,806],{}," use positions with ",[15,27289,12359],{},". It uses keys.",[292,27292,4293,27294,27296],{"id":27293},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27295,12359],{}," changes the original dictionary",[64,27298,27300],{"className":66,"code":27299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27301,27302,27334,27338,27360,27364,27377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27303,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27305,8757],{"class":79},[73,27307,84],{"class":83},[73,27309,10083],{"class":105},[73,27311,384],{"class":87},[73,27313,354],{"class":91},[73,27315,384],{"class":87},[73,27317,2475],{"class":105},[73,27319,5084],{"class":315},[73,27321,149],{"class":105},[73,27323,88],{"class":87},[73,27325,11340],{"class":91},[73,27327,384],{"class":87},[73,27329,2475],{"class":105},[73,27331,409],{"class":315},[73,27333,8901],{"class":105},[73,27335,27336],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27337,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27339,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27341,2037],{"class":79},[73,27343,84],{"class":83},[73,27345,14164],{"class":79},[73,27347,817],{"class":105},[73,27349,569],{"class":114},[73,27351,106],{"class":105},[73,27353,384],{"class":87},[73,27355,354],{"class":91},[73,27357,384],{"class":87},[73,27359,854],{"class":105},[73,27361,27362],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27363,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27365,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,27367,102],{"class":101},[73,27369,106],{"class":105},[73,27371,2063],{"class":114},[73,27373,3246],{"class":105},[73,27375,27376],{"class":3249},"  # 1\n",[73,27378,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,27380,102],{"class":101},[73,27382,106],{"class":105},[73,27384,8796],{"class":114},[73,27386,3246],{"class":105},[73,27388,27389],{"class":3249},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27391,27392,27393,27395],{},"After ",[15,27394,12359],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[292,27397,438,27399,27401],{"id":27398},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27400,12359],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[64,27403,27405],{"className":66,"code":27404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27406,27407,27431,27435,27440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27410,8757],{"class":79},[73,27412,84],{"class":83},[73,27414,10083],{"class":105},[73,27416,384],{"class":87},[73,27418,115],{"class":91},[73,27420,384],{"class":87},[73,27422,2475],{"class":105},[73,27424,88],{"class":87},[73,27426,7511],{"class":91},[73,27428,384],{"class":87},[73,27430,8901],{"class":105},[73,27432,27433],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27434,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27436,27437],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27438,27439],{"class":3249},"# This causes an error\n",[73,27441,27442],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27443,27444],{"class":3249},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27446,27447],{},"Safer version:",[64,27449,27451],{"className":66,"code":27450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27452,27453,27477,27481],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27454,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27456,8757],{"class":79},[73,27458,84],{"class":83},[73,27460,10083],{"class":105},[73,27462,384],{"class":87},[73,27464,115],{"class":91},[73,27466,384],{"class":87},[73,27468,2475],{"class":105},[73,27470,88],{"class":87},[73,27472,7511],{"class":91},[73,27474,384],{"class":87},[73,27476,8901],{"class":105},[73,27478,27479],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27480,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27482,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27484,102],{"class":101},[73,27486,106],{"class":105},[73,27488,8796],{"class":114},[73,27490,817],{"class":105},[73,27492,569],{"class":114},[73,27494,106],{"class":105},[73,27496,384],{"class":87},[73,27498,8891],{"class":91},[73,27500,384],{"class":87},[73,27502,149],{"class":105},[73,27504,88],{"class":87},[73,27506,26369],{"class":91},[73,27508,384],{"class":87},[73,27510,4948],{"class":105},[73,27512,26405],{"class":3249},[292,27514,8044,27516,27518],{"id":27515},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27517,12359],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[64,27520,27522],{"className":66,"code":27521,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27523,27524,27556,27560,27582,27586,27598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27527,8757],{"class":79},[73,27529,84],{"class":83},[73,27531,10083],{"class":105},[73,27533,384],{"class":87},[73,27535,587],{"class":91},[73,27537,384],{"class":87},[73,27539,2475],{"class":105},[73,27541,5084],{"class":315},[73,27543,149],{"class":105},[73,27545,88],{"class":87},[73,27547,4350],{"class":91},[73,27549,384],{"class":87},[73,27551,2475],{"class":105},[73,27553,409],{"class":315},[73,27555,8901],{"class":105},[73,27557,27558],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27559,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27561,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27563,1819],{"class":79},[73,27565,84],{"class":83},[73,27567,14164],{"class":79},[73,27569,817],{"class":105},[73,27571,569],{"class":114},[73,27573,106],{"class":105},[73,27575,384],{"class":87},[73,27577,587],{"class":91},[73,27579,384],{"class":87},[73,27581,854],{"class":105},[73,27583,27584],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27585,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27587,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,27589,102],{"class":101},[73,27591,106],{"class":105},[73,27593,1854],{"class":114},[73,27595,3246],{"class":105},[73,27597,27376],{"class":3249},[73,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,27601,102],{"class":101},[73,27603,106],{"class":105},[73,27605,8796],{"class":114},[73,27607,3246],{"class":105},[73,27609,27610],{"class":3249},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27612,27613],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[59,27615,27617],{"id":27616},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27619,27620,27621,27623],{},"Problems with ",[15,27622,12165],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27625,27626,27629,27638,27641],{},[33,27627,27628],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27630,27631,27632,27635,27636],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27633,27634],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27637,25933],{},[33,27639,27640],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27642,27643,27644,10685,27646],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27645,404],{},[15,27647,27648],{},"\"1\"",[20,27650,27651],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[64,27653,27655],{"className":66,"code":27654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27656,27657,27681,27685,27715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27660,8757],{"class":79},[73,27662,84],{"class":83},[73,27664,10083],{"class":105},[73,27666,384],{"class":87},[73,27668,404],{"class":91},[73,27670,384],{"class":87},[73,27672,2475],{"class":105},[73,27674,88],{"class":87},[73,27676,6175],{"class":91},[73,27678,384],{"class":87},[73,27680,8901],{"class":105},[73,27682,27683],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27684,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,27686,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27708,27710,27712],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27688,102],{"class":101},[73,27690,106],{"class":105},[73,27692,8796],{"class":114},[73,27694,817],{"class":105},[73,27696,569],{"class":114},[73,27698,106],{"class":105},[73,27700,404],{"class":315},[73,27702,149],{"class":105},[73,27704,88],{"class":87},[73,27706,27707],{"class":91},"not found",[73,27709,384],{"class":87},[73,27711,4948],{"class":105},[73,27713,27714],{"class":3249},"    # not found\n",[73,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27718,102],{"class":101},[73,27720,106],{"class":105},[73,27722,8796],{"class":114},[73,27724,817],{"class":105},[73,27726,569],{"class":114},[73,27728,106],{"class":105},[73,27730,384],{"class":87},[73,27732,404],{"class":91},[73,27734,384],{"class":87},[73,27736,149],{"class":105},[73,27738,88],{"class":87},[73,27740,27707],{"class":91},[73,27742,384],{"class":87},[73,27744,4948],{"class":105},[73,27746,27747],{"class":3249},"  # one\n",[20,27749,27750,355,27752,27754],{},[15,27751,404],{},[15,27753,27648],{}," are different keys.",[59,27756,8463],{"id":8462},[20,27758,8466,27759,27761],{},[15,27760,12359],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,27763,27765],{"className":66,"code":27764,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27766,27767,27777,27791,27809,27839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27768,27769,27771,27773,27775],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27770,102],{"class":101},[73,27772,106],{"class":105},[73,27774,11044],{"class":114},[73,27776,854],{"class":105},[73,27778,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,27780,102],{"class":101},[73,27782,106],{"class":105},[73,27784,11044],{"class":114},[73,27786,817],{"class":105},[73,27788,16522],{"class":114},[73,27790,348],{"class":105},[73,27792,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,27794,102],{"class":101},[73,27796,106],{"class":105},[73,27798,141],{"class":87},[73,27800,115],{"class":91},[73,27802,141],{"class":87},[73,27804,20773],{"class":646},[73,27806,11361],{"class":114},[73,27808,854],{"class":105},[73,27810,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,27812,102],{"class":101},[73,27814,106],{"class":105},[73,27816,11044],{"class":114},[73,27818,817],{"class":105},[73,27820,569],{"class":114},[73,27822,106],{"class":105},[73,27824,141],{"class":87},[73,27826,115],{"class":91},[73,27828,141],{"class":87},[73,27830,149],{"class":105},[73,27832,152],{"class":87},[73,27834,26369],{"class":91},[73,27836,141],{"class":87},[73,27838,118],{"class":105},[73,27840,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,27842,102],{"class":101},[73,27844,106],{"class":105},[73,27846,1271],{"class":1270},[73,27848,106],{"class":105},[73,27850,11044],{"class":114},[73,27852,118],{"class":105},[20,27854,20936],{},[30,27856,27857,27862,27867,27872,27878],{},[33,27858,27859,27861],{},[15,27860,12275],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,27863,27864,27866],{},[15,27865,20948],{}," shows all available keys",[33,27868,27869,27871],{},[15,27870,20954],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,27873,27874,27877],{},[15,27875,27876],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,27879,27880,27882],{},[15,27881,12281],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27884,27885,27886,817],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[587,27887,8984],{"href":8983},[59,27889,1405],{"id":1404},[292,27891,27893,27894,27896],{"id":27892},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27895,12359],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27898,27899],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[292,27901,27903],{"id":27902},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27905,27906,26134,27908,27910,27911,27913],{},[15,27907,25933],{},[15,27909,19286],{},". ",[15,27912,25937],{}," returns the default value instead.",[292,27915,12300,27917,14494],{"id":27916},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27918,12359],{},[20,27920,27921],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[292,27923,27925,27926,27928],{"id":27924},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27927,12359],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27930,27931,27932,27934,27935,817],{},"Not with ",[15,27933,12165],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[587,27936,27937],{"href":12176},[15,27938,12366],{},[292,27940,1419,27942,355,27944,1424],{"id":27941},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27943,10332],{},[15,27945,12359],{},[20,27947,27948,27950,27951,27953],{},[15,27949,10332],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27952,12359],{}," reads and removes it.",[59,27955,1461],{"id":1460},[30,27957,27958,27964,27971,27975,27979,27983],{},[33,27959,27960],{},[587,27961,27962],{"href":10328},[15,27963,19267],{},[33,27965,27966],{},[587,27967,27968],{"href":12176},[15,27969,27970],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,27972,27973],{},[587,27974,12383],{"href":12169},[33,27976,27977],{},[587,27978,21057],{"href":16195},[33,27980,27981],{},[587,27982,10856],{"href":10667},[33,27984,27985],{},[587,27986,27988],{"href":27987},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1500,27990,27991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":27993},[27994,27995,27997,27998,27999,28001,28008,28015,28025,28026,28027,28038],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":25944,"depth":98,"text":27996},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":26429,"depth":98,"text":28000},"When to use pop()",{"id":26616,"depth":98,"text":28002,"children":28003},"pop() vs del",[28004,28006],{"id":26631,"depth":332,"text":28005},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26734,"depth":332,"text":28007},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26837,"depth":98,"text":28009,"children":28010},"How to avoid KeyError",[28011,28012,28013],{"id":26846,"depth":332,"text":26847},{"id":26942,"depth":332,"text":26943},{"id":27050,"depth":332,"text":28014},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":28016},[28017,28019,28021,28023],{"id":27160,"depth":332,"text":28018},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27293,"depth":332,"text":28020},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27398,"depth":332,"text":28022},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27515,"depth":332,"text":28024},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27616,"depth":98,"text":27617},{"id":8462,"depth":98,"text":8463},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":28028},[28029,28031,28032,28034,28036],{"id":27892,"depth":332,"text":28030},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27902,"depth":332,"text":27903},{"id":27916,"depth":332,"text":28033},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27924,"depth":332,"text":28035},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27941,"depth":332,"text":28037},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25766,"description":28039},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28046,"title":27970,"body":28047,"description":29987,"extension":1552,"meta":29988,"navigation":335,"path":29989,"seo":29990,"stem":29991,"__hash__":29992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28048,"toc":29951},[28049,28054,28059,28062,28070,28080,28082,28171,28175,28224,28229,28234,28238,28254,28257,28259,28274,28276,28292,28299,28303,28309,28318,28320,28389,28393,28414,28417,28436,28439,28462,28464,28467,28582,28586,28645,28652,28656,28662,28787,28791,28841,28844,28848,28855,28857,28920,28924,28945,28948,28957,28972,28980,28987,28991,29003,29007,29018,29020,29166,29170,29229,29236,29241,29245,29251,29274,29279,29298,29302,29373,29380,29453,29462,29467,29472,29483,29486,29623,29628,29660,29665,29667,29671,29731,29734,29791,29794,29837,29839,29844,29850,29856,29859,29866,29874,29879,29882,29889,29897,29899,29948],[10,28050,10912,28052,10916],{"id":28051},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28053,12366],{},[20,28055,1569,28056,28058],{},[15,28057,12366],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28060,28061],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28063,28064,28067],{},[33,28065,28066],{},"remove an item",[33,28068,28069],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28071,28072,28073,28075,28076,28079],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28074,12366],{}," removes the ",[55,28077,28078],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[59,28081,62],{"id":61},[64,28083,28085],{"className":66,"code":28084,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28086,28087,28131,28147,28151,28161],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28088,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28090,8757],{"class":79},[73,28092,84],{"class":83},[73,28094,10083],{"class":105},[73,28096,384],{"class":87},[73,28098,587],{"class":91},[73,28100,384],{"class":87},[73,28102,2475],{"class":105},[73,28104,5084],{"class":315},[73,28106,149],{"class":105},[73,28108,88],{"class":87},[73,28110,4350],{"class":91},[73,28112,384],{"class":87},[73,28114,2475],{"class":105},[73,28116,409],{"class":315},[73,28118,149],{"class":105},[73,28120,88],{"class":87},[73,28122,9332],{"class":91},[73,28124,384],{"class":87},[73,28126,2475],{"class":105},[73,28128,414],{"class":315},[73,28130,8901],{"class":105},[73,28132,28133,28136,28138,28140,28142,28145],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28134,28135],{"class":79},"item ",[73,28137,84],{"class":83},[73,28139,14164],{"class":79},[73,28141,817],{"class":105},[73,28143,28144],{"class":114},"popitem",[73,28146,8233],{"class":105},[73,28148,28149],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,28150,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28152,28153,28155,28157,28159],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,28154,102],{"class":101},[73,28156,106],{"class":105},[73,28158,22910],{"class":114},[73,28160,854],{"class":105},[73,28162,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,28164,102],{"class":101},[73,28166,106],{"class":105},[73,28168,8796],{"class":114},[73,28170,854],{"class":105},[20,28172,28173],{},[55,28174,1660],{},[64,28176,28178],{"className":66,"code":28177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28179,28180,28196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28181,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28183,106],{"class":105},[73,28185,141],{"class":87},[73,28187,9332],{"class":91},[73,28189,141],{"class":87},[73,28191,149],{"class":105},[73,28193,414],{"class":315},[73,28195,854],{"class":105},[73,28197,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28199,8870],{"class":105},[73,28201,141],{"class":87},[73,28203,587],{"class":91},[73,28205,141],{"class":87},[73,28207,2475],{"class":105},[73,28209,5084],{"class":315},[73,28211,149],{"class":105},[73,28213,152],{"class":87},[73,28215,4350],{"class":91},[73,28217,141],{"class":87},[73,28219,2475],{"class":105},[73,28221,409],{"class":315},[73,28223,8901],{"class":105},[20,28225,28226,28228],{},[15,28227,12366],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[59,28230,236,28232,239],{"id":28231},"what-popitem-does",[15,28233,12366],{},[20,28235,28236,2475],{},[15,28237,12366],{},[30,28239,28240,28243,28248,28251],{},[33,28241,28242],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28244,28245,28246],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28247,21254],{},[33,28249,28250],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28252,28253],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28255,28256],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[59,28258,285],{"id":284},[64,28260,28262],{"className":66,"code":28261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28263,28264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28265,28266,28268,28270,28272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28267,15203],{"class":79},[73,28269,817],{"class":105},[73,28271,28144],{"class":114},[73,28273,8233],{"class":105},[20,28275,261],{},[30,28277,28278,28286,28289],{},[33,28279,28280,28282,28283],{},[15,28281,12366],{}," takes ",[55,28284,28285],{},"no arguments",[33,28287,28288],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28290,28291],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28293,28294,28295,6221],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[587,28296,28297],{"href":12162},[15,28298,12359],{},[59,28300,28302],{"id":28301},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28304,28305,28306,28308],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28307,12366],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28310,28311,28312,28315],"ol",{},[33,28313,28314],{},"the key",[33,28316,28317],{},"the value",[20,28319,714],{},[64,28321,28323],{"className":66,"code":28322,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28324,28325,28361,28375,28379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28328,12802],{"class":79},[73,28330,84],{"class":83},[73,28332,10083],{"class":105},[73,28334,384],{"class":87},[73,28336,115],{"class":91},[73,28338,384],{"class":87},[73,28340,2475],{"class":105},[73,28342,88],{"class":87},[73,28344,4594],{"class":91},[73,28346,384],{"class":87},[73,28348,149],{"class":105},[73,28350,88],{"class":87},[73,28352,8891],{"class":91},[73,28354,384],{"class":87},[73,28356,2475],{"class":105},[73,28358,8898],{"class":315},[73,28360,8901],{"class":105},[73,28362,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28364,1819],{"class":79},[73,28366,84],{"class":83},[73,28368,12845],{"class":79},[73,28370,817],{"class":105},[73,28372,28144],{"class":114},[73,28374,8233],{"class":105},[73,28376,28377],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,28378,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28380,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,28382,102],{"class":101},[73,28384,106],{"class":105},[73,28386,1854],{"class":114},[73,28388,854],{"class":105},[20,28390,28391],{},[55,28392,1660],{},[64,28394,28396],{"className":66,"code":28395,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28397,28398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28399,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28401,106],{"class":105},[73,28403,141],{"class":87},[73,28405,8891],{"class":91},[73,28407,141],{"class":87},[73,28409,149],{"class":105},[73,28411,8898],{"class":315},[73,28413,854],{"class":105},[20,28415,28416],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[64,28418,28420],{"className":66,"code":28419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28421,28422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28423,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28425,1819],{"class":79},[73,28427,84],{"class":83},[73,28429,12845],{"class":79},[73,28431,817],{"class":105},[73,28433,28144],{"class":114},[73,28435,8233],{"class":105},[20,28437,28438],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[64,28440,28442],{"className":66,"code":28441,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28443,28444],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28445,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28447,14439],{"class":79},[73,28449,149],{"class":105},[73,28451,21184],{"class":79},[73,28453,84],{"class":83},[73,28455,12845],{"class":79},[73,28457,817],{"class":105},[73,28459,28144],{"class":114},[73,28461,8233],{"class":105},[59,28463,11069],{"id":11068},[20,28465,28466],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[64,28468,28470],{"className":66,"code":28469,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28471,28472,28520,28524,28539,28543,28563],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28473,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28504,28506,28508,28511,28513,28515,28518],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28475,4654],{"class":79},[73,28477,84],{"class":83},[73,28479,10083],{"class":105},[73,28481,384],{"class":87},[73,28483,28484],{"class":91},"Tom",[73,28486,384],{"class":87},[73,28488,2475],{"class":105},[73,28490,4666],{"class":315},[73,28492,149],{"class":105},[73,28494,88],{"class":87},[73,28496,12477],{"class":91},[73,28498,384],{"class":87},[73,28500,2475],{"class":105},[73,28502,28503],{"class":315}," 95",[73,28505,149],{"class":105},[73,28507,88],{"class":87},[73,28509,28510],{"class":91},"Leo",[73,28512,384],{"class":87},[73,28514,2475],{"class":105},[73,28516,28517],{"class":315}," 88",[73,28519,8901],{"class":105},[73,28521,28522],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28523,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28525,28526,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,28527,28528],{"class":79},"removed_pair ",[73,28530,84],{"class":83},[73,28532,4701],{"class":79},[73,28534,817],{"class":105},[73,28536,28144],{"class":114},[73,28538,8233],{"class":105},[73,28540,28541],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,28542,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28544,28545,28547,28549,28551,28554,28556,28558,28561],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,28546,102],{"class":101},[73,28548,106],{"class":105},[73,28550,384],{"class":87},[73,28552,28553],{"class":91},"Removed:",[73,28555,384],{"class":87},[73,28557,149],{"class":105},[73,28559,28560],{"class":114}," removed_pair",[73,28562,854],{"class":105},[73,28564,28565,28567,28569,28571,28574,28576,28578,28580],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,28566,102],{"class":101},[73,28568,106],{"class":105},[73,28570,384],{"class":87},[73,28572,28573],{"class":91},"After removal:",[73,28575,384],{"class":87},[73,28577,149],{"class":105},[73,28579,4701],{"class":114},[73,28581,854],{"class":105},[20,28583,28584],{},[55,28585,1660],{},[64,28587,28589],{"className":66,"code":28588,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28590,28591,28612],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28592,28593,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28594,28595],{"class":79},"Removed",[73,28597,2475],{"class":105},[73,28599,8828],{"class":105},[73,28601,141],{"class":87},[73,28603,28510],{"class":91},[73,28605,141],{"class":87},[73,28607,149],{"class":105},[73,28609,28517],{"class":315},[73,28611,854],{"class":105},[73,28613,28614,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28615,28616],{"class":79},"After removal",[73,28618,2475],{"class":105},[73,28620,10083],{"class":105},[73,28622,141],{"class":87},[73,28624,28484],{"class":91},[73,28626,141],{"class":87},[73,28628,2475],{"class":105},[73,28630,4666],{"class":315},[73,28632,149],{"class":105},[73,28634,152],{"class":87},[73,28636,12477],{"class":91},[73,28638,141],{"class":87},[73,28640,2475],{"class":105},[73,28642,28503],{"class":315},[73,28644,8901],{"class":105},[20,28646,28647,28648,28651],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28649,28650],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[59,28653,28655],{"id":28654},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28657,28658,28659,28661],{},"Because ",[15,28660,12366],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[64,28663,28665],{"className":66,"code":28664,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28666,28667,28703,28707,28726,28730,28749,28768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28670,15046],{"class":79},[73,28672,84],{"class":83},[73,28674,10083],{"class":105},[73,28676,384],{"class":87},[73,28678,15057],{"class":91},[73,28680,384],{"class":87},[73,28682,2475],{"class":105},[73,28684,88],{"class":87},[73,28686,15066],{"class":91},[73,28688,384],{"class":87},[73,28690,149],{"class":105},[73,28692,88],{"class":87},[73,28694,15077],{"class":91},[73,28696,384],{"class":87},[73,28698,2475],{"class":105},[73,28700,26503],{"class":315},[73,28702,8901],{"class":105},[73,28704,28705],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28706,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28708,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717,28720,28722,28724],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,28710,14439],{"class":79},[73,28712,149],{"class":105},[73,28714,21184],{"class":79},[73,28716,84],{"class":83},[73,28718,28719],{"class":79}," book",[73,28721,817],{"class":105},[73,28723,28144],{"class":114},[73,28725,8233],{"class":105},[73,28727,28728],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,28729,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,28731,28732,28734,28736,28738,28741,28743,28745,28747],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,28733,102],{"class":101},[73,28735,106],{"class":105},[73,28737,384],{"class":87},[73,28739,28740],{"class":91},"Key:",[73,28742,384],{"class":87},[73,28744,149],{"class":105},[73,28746,21179],{"class":114},[73,28748,854],{"class":105},[73,28750,28751,28753,28755,28757,28760,28762,28764,28766],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,28752,102],{"class":101},[73,28754,106],{"class":105},[73,28756,384],{"class":87},[73,28758,28759],{"class":91},"Value:",[73,28761,384],{"class":87},[73,28763,149],{"class":105},[73,28765,8024],{"class":114},[73,28767,854],{"class":105},[73,28769,28770,28772,28774,28776,28779,28781,28783,28785],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,28771,102],{"class":101},[73,28773,106],{"class":105},[73,28775,384],{"class":87},[73,28777,28778],{"class":91},"Dictionary:",[73,28780,384],{"class":87},[73,28782,149],{"class":105},[73,28784,28719],{"class":114},[73,28786,854],{"class":105},[20,28788,28789],{},[55,28790,1660],{},[64,28792,28794],{"className":66,"code":28793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28795,28796,28806,28816],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28797,28798,28801,28803],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28799,28800],{"class":79},"Key",[73,28802,2475],{"class":105},[73,28804,28805],{"class":79}," pages\n",[73,28807,28808,28811,28813],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28809,28810],{"class":79},"Value",[73,28812,2475],{"class":105},[73,28814,28815],{"class":315}," 200\n",[73,28817,28818,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,28819,28820],{"class":79},"Dictionary",[73,28822,2475],{"class":105},[73,28824,10083],{"class":105},[73,28826,141],{"class":87},[73,28828,15057],{"class":91},[73,28830,141],{"class":87},[73,28832,2475],{"class":105},[73,28834,152],{"class":87},[73,28836,15066],{"class":91},[73,28838,141],{"class":87},[73,28840,8901],{"class":105},[20,28842,28843],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[59,28845,28847],{"id":28846},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28849,28850,28851,28075,28853,817],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28852,12366],{},[55,28854,28078],{},[20,28856,714],{},[64,28858,28860],{"className":66,"code":28859,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28861,28862,28906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28863,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28865,8757],{"class":79},[73,28867,84],{"class":83},[73,28869,10083],{"class":105},[73,28871,384],{"class":87},[73,28873,354],{"class":91},[73,28875,384],{"class":87},[73,28877,2475],{"class":105},[73,28879,5084],{"class":315},[73,28881,149],{"class":105},[73,28883,88],{"class":87},[73,28885,11340],{"class":91},[73,28887,384],{"class":87},[73,28889,2475],{"class":105},[73,28891,409],{"class":315},[73,28893,149],{"class":105},[73,28895,88],{"class":87},[73,28897,21676],{"class":91},[73,28899,384],{"class":87},[73,28901,2475],{"class":105},[73,28903,414],{"class":315},[73,28905,8901],{"class":105},[73,28907,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,28909,102],{"class":101},[73,28911,106],{"class":105},[73,28913,8796],{"class":114},[73,28915,817],{"class":105},[73,28917,28144],{"class":114},[73,28919,348],{"class":105},[20,28921,28922],{},[55,28923,1660],{},[64,28925,28927],{"className":66,"code":28926,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28928,28929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28930,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28932,106],{"class":105},[73,28934,141],{"class":87},[73,28936,21676],{"class":91},[73,28938,141],{"class":87},[73,28940,149],{"class":105},[73,28942,414],{"class":315},[73,28944,854],{"class":105},[20,28946,28947],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28949,28950,28951,28953,28954,28956],{},"As a beginner, do ",[55,28952,806],{}," think of ",[15,28955,12366],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28958,28959,28960,995,28964,1002,28968,817],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[587,28961,28962],{"href":16673},[15,28963,16676],{},[587,28965,28966],{"href":16661},[15,28967,16664],{},[587,28969,28970],{"href":16667},[15,28971,16670],{},[59,28973,28975,28976,355,28978],{"id":28974},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28977,12366],{},[15,28979,12359],{},[20,28981,28982,355,28984,28986],{},[15,28983,12366],{},[15,28985,12359],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[292,28988,28989],{"id":28144},[15,28990,12366],{},[30,28992,28993,28996,28999],{},[33,28994,28995],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,28997,28998],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29000,3277,29001],{},[15,29002,21254],{},[292,29004,29005],{"id":569},[15,29006,12359],{},[30,29008,29009,29012,29015],{},[33,29010,29011],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29013,29014],{},"needs the key name",[33,29016,29017],{},"returns only the value",[20,29019,714],{},[64,29021,29023],{"className":66,"code":29022,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29024,29025,29069,29073,29087,29107,29111,29133,29152,29156],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29028,8757],{"class":79},[73,29030,84],{"class":83},[73,29032,10083],{"class":105},[73,29034,384],{"class":87},[73,29036,587],{"class":91},[73,29038,384],{"class":87},[73,29040,2475],{"class":105},[73,29042,5084],{"class":315},[73,29044,149],{"class":105},[73,29046,88],{"class":87},[73,29048,4350],{"class":91},[73,29050,384],{"class":87},[73,29052,2475],{"class":105},[73,29054,409],{"class":315},[73,29056,149],{"class":105},[73,29058,88],{"class":87},[73,29060,9332],{"class":91},[73,29062,384],{"class":87},[73,29064,2475],{"class":105},[73,29066,414],{"class":315},[73,29068,8901],{"class":105},[73,29070,29071],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29072,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29074,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29076,28135],{"class":79},[73,29078,84],{"class":83},[73,29080,14164],{"class":79},[73,29082,817],{"class":105},[73,29084,28144],{"class":114},[73,29086,8233],{"class":105},[73,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095,29098,29100,29102,29105],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,29090,102],{"class":101},[73,29092,106],{"class":105},[73,29094,384],{"class":87},[73,29096,29097],{"class":91},"popitem():",[73,29099,384],{"class":87},[73,29101,149],{"class":105},[73,29103,29104],{"class":114}," item",[73,29106,854],{"class":105},[73,29108,29109],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,29110,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29112,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,29114,2037],{"class":79},[73,29116,84],{"class":83},[73,29118,14164],{"class":79},[73,29120,817],{"class":105},[73,29122,569],{"class":114},[73,29124,106],{"class":105},[73,29126,384],{"class":87},[73,29128,587],{"class":91},[73,29130,384],{"class":87},[73,29132,854],{"class":105},[73,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,29136,102],{"class":101},[73,29138,106],{"class":105},[73,29140,384],{"class":87},[73,29142,29143],{"class":91},"pop('a'):",[73,29145,384],{"class":87},[73,29147,149],{"class":105},[73,29149,8024],{"class":114},[73,29151,854],{"class":105},[73,29153,29154],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,29155,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29157,29158,29160,29162,29164],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,29159,102],{"class":101},[73,29161,106],{"class":105},[73,29163,8796],{"class":114},[73,29165,854],{"class":105},[20,29167,29168],{},[55,29169,1660],{},[64,29171,29173],{"className":66,"code":29172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29174,29175,29196,29213],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29176,29177,29179,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29178,28144],{"class":114},[73,29180,29181],{"class":105},"():",[73,29183,8828],{"class":105},[73,29185,141],{"class":87},[73,29187,9332],{"class":91},[73,29189,141],{"class":87},[73,29191,149],{"class":105},[73,29193,414],{"class":315},[73,29195,854],{"class":105},[73,29197,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29199,569],{"class":114},[73,29201,106],{"class":105},[73,29203,141],{"class":87},[73,29205,587],{"class":91},[73,29207,141],{"class":87},[73,29209,16050],{"class":105},[73,29211,29212],{"class":315}," 1\n",[73,29214,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29216,8870],{"class":105},[73,29218,141],{"class":87},[73,29220,4350],{"class":91},[73,29222,141],{"class":87},[73,29224,2475],{"class":105},[73,29226,409],{"class":315},[73,29228,8901],{"class":105},[20,29230,121,29231,29235],{},[587,29232,29233],{"href":12162},[15,29234,12359],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29237,121,29238,29240],{},[15,29239,12366],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[59,29242,29244],{"id":29243},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29246,29247,29248,29250],{},"Calling ",[15,29249,12366],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[64,29252,29254],{"className":66,"code":29253,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29255,29256,29264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29257,29258,29260,29262],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29259,8757],{"class":79},[73,29261,84],{"class":83},[73,29263,9431],{"class":105},[73,29265,29266,29268,29270,29272],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29267,8796],{"class":79},[73,29269,817],{"class":105},[73,29271,28144],{"class":114},[73,29273,8233],{"class":105},[20,29275,29276],{},[55,29277,29278],{},"Error:",[64,29280,29282],{"className":66,"code":29281,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29283,29284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29285,29286,29288,29290,29292,29295],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29287,19286],{"class":1270},[73,29289,2475],{"class":105},[73,29291,152],{"class":87},[73,29293,29294],{"class":91},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[73,29296,29297],{"class":87},"'\n",[292,29299,29301],{"id":29300},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[64,29303,29305],{"className":66,"code":29304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29306,29307,29315,29319,29327,29342,29352,29358],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29308,29309,29311,29313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29310,8757],{"class":79},[73,29312,84],{"class":83},[73,29314,9431],{"class":105},[73,29316,29317],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29318,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29320,29321,29323,29325],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29322,6588],{"class":646},[73,29324,14164],{"class":79},[73,29326,5982],{"class":105},[73,29328,29329,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,29330,29331],{"class":79},"    item ",[73,29333,84],{"class":83},[73,29335,14164],{"class":79},[73,29337,817],{"class":105},[73,29339,28144],{"class":114},[73,29341,8233],{"class":105},[73,29343,29344,29346,29348,29350],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,29345,7659],{"class":101},[73,29347,106],{"class":105},[73,29349,22910],{"class":114},[73,29351,854],{"class":105},[73,29353,29354,29356],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,29355,27030],{"class":646},[73,29357,5982],{"class":105},[73,29359,29360,29362,29364,29366,29369,29371],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,29361,7659],{"class":101},[73,29363,106],{"class":105},[73,29365,384],{"class":87},[73,29367,29368],{"class":91},"Dictionary is empty",[73,29370,384],{"class":87},[73,29372,854],{"class":105},[292,29374,29376,29377],{"id":29375},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29378,29379],{},"try-except",[64,29381,29383],{"className":66,"code":29382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29384,29385,29393,29397,29404,29418,29428,29438],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29386,29387,29389,29391],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29388,8757],{"class":79},[73,29390,84],{"class":83},[73,29392,9431],{"class":105},[73,29394,29395],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29396,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29398,29399,29402],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29400,29401],{"class":646},"try",[73,29403,5982],{"class":105},[73,29405,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,29407,29331],{"class":79},[73,29409,84],{"class":83},[73,29411,14164],{"class":79},[73,29413,817],{"class":105},[73,29415,28144],{"class":114},[73,29417,8233],{"class":105},[73,29419,29420,29422,29424,29426],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,29421,7659],{"class":101},[73,29423,106],{"class":105},[73,29425,22910],{"class":114},[73,29427,854],{"class":105},[73,29429,29430,29433,29436],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,29431,29432],{"class":646},"except",[73,29434,29435],{"class":1270}," KeyError",[73,29437,5982],{"class":105},[73,29439,29440,29442,29444,29446,29449,29451],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,29441,7659],{"class":101},[73,29443,106],{"class":105},[73,29445,384],{"class":87},[73,29447,29448],{"class":91},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[73,29450,384],{"class":87},[73,29452,854],{"class":105},[20,29454,29455,29456,817],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[587,29457,25276,29459],{"href":29458},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29460,29461],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[59,29463,4551,29465],{"id":29464},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29466,12366],{},[20,29468,29469,29471],{},[15,29470,12366],{}," is useful when:",[30,29473,29474,29477,29480],{},[33,29475,29476],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29478,29479],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29481,29482],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29484,29485],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[64,29487,29489],{"className":66,"code":29488,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29490,29491,29500,29520,29540,29558,29562,29566,29576,29595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29492,29493,29496,29498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29494,29495],{"class":79},"tasks ",[73,29497,84],{"class":83},[73,29499,11087],{"class":105},[73,29501,29502,29504,29507,29509,29511,29513,29516,29518],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29503,11092],{"class":87},[73,29505,29506],{"class":91},"first",[73,29508,384],{"class":87},[73,29510,2475],{"class":105},[73,29512,88],{"class":87},[73,29514,29515],{"class":91},"wash dishes",[73,29517,384],{"class":87},[73,29519,11108],{"class":105},[73,29521,29522,29524,29527,29529,29531,29533,29536,29538],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29523,11092],{"class":87},[73,29525,29526],{"class":91},"second",[73,29528,384],{"class":87},[73,29530,2475],{"class":105},[73,29532,88],{"class":87},[73,29534,29535],{"class":91},"do homework",[73,29537,384],{"class":87},[73,29539,11108],{"class":105},[73,29541,29542,29544,29547,29549,29551,29553,29556],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,29543,11092],{"class":87},[73,29545,29546],{"class":91},"third",[73,29548,384],{"class":87},[73,29550,2475],{"class":105},[73,29552,88],{"class":87},[73,29554,29555],{"class":91},"read book",[73,29557,95],{"class":87},[73,29559,29560],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,29561,8901],{"class":105},[73,29563,29564],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,29565,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29567,29568,29571,29574],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,29569,29570],{"class":646},"while",[73,29572,29573],{"class":79}," tasks",[73,29575,5982],{"class":105},[73,29577,29578,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,29579,29580],{"class":79},"    key",[73,29582,149],{"class":105},[73,29584,21184],{"class":79},[73,29586,84],{"class":83},[73,29588,29573],{"class":79},[73,29590,817],{"class":105},[73,29592,28144],{"class":114},[73,29594,8233],{"class":105},[73,29596,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,29598,7659],{"class":101},[73,29600,106],{"class":105},[73,29602,21893],{"class":633},[73,29604,384],{"class":91},[73,29606,8870],{"class":315},[73,29608,14439],{"class":114},[73,29610,21902],{"class":315},[73,29612,21905],{"class":91},[73,29614,8870],{"class":315},[73,29616,2063],{"class":114},[73,29618,21902],{"class":315},[73,29620,384],{"class":91},[73,29622,854],{"class":105},[20,29624,29625],{},[55,29626,29627],{},"Possible output:",[64,29629,29631],{"className":66,"code":29630,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29632,29633,29642,29651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29634,29635,29637,29639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29636,29546],{"class":79},[73,29638,2475],{"class":105},[73,29640,29641],{"class":79}," read book\n",[73,29643,29644,29646,29648],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29645,29526],{"class":79},[73,29647,2475],{"class":105},[73,29649,29650],{"class":79}," do homework\n",[73,29652,29653,29655,29657],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29654,29506],{"class":79},[73,29656,2475],{"class":105},[73,29658,29659],{"class":79}," wash dishes\n",[20,29661,28658,29662,29664],{},[15,29663,12366],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[59,29666,1207],{"id":1206},[20,29668,14331,29669,2475],{},[15,29670,12366],{},[30,29672,29673,29687,29706,29717],{},[33,29674,29675,29680],{},[55,29676,29247,29677,29679],{},[15,29678,12366],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29681,29682],{},[33,29683,29684,29685,817],{},"This raises ",[15,29686,19286],{},[33,29688,29689,29694],{},[55,29690,8044,29691,29693],{},[15,29692,12366],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29695,29696,29699],{},[33,29697,29698],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29700,121,29701,29705],{},[587,29702,29703],{"href":12162},[15,29704,12359],{}," if you need that.",[33,29707,29708,29712],{},[55,29709,4293,29710,27296],{},[15,29711,12366],{},[30,29713,29714],{},[33,29715,29716],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29718,29719,29722],{},[55,29720,29721],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29723,29724],{},[33,29725,29726,21574,29728,29730],{},[15,29727,12366],{},[15,29729,21254],{}," tuple.",[20,29732,29733],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[64,29735,29737],{"className":66,"code":29736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29738,29739,29749,29763,29767,29781],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29740,29741,29743,29745,29747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29742,102],{"class":101},[73,29744,106],{"class":105},[73,29746,11044],{"class":114},[73,29748,854],{"class":105},[73,29750,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29752,102],{"class":101},[73,29754,106],{"class":105},[73,29756,10755],{"class":101},[73,29758,106],{"class":105},[73,29760,11044],{"class":114},[73,29762,118],{"class":105},[73,29764,29765],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29766,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,29768,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,29770,28135],{"class":79},[73,29772,84],{"class":83},[73,29774,11361],{"class":79},[73,29776,817],{"class":105},[73,29778,28144],{"class":114},[73,29780,8233],{"class":105},[73,29782,29783,29785,29787,29789],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,29784,102],{"class":101},[73,29786,106],{"class":105},[73,29788,22910],{"class":114},[73,29790,854],{"class":105},[20,29792,29793],{},"Or with unpacking:",[64,29795,29797],{"className":66,"code":29796,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29798,29799,29817,29827],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29800,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29802,14439],{"class":79},[73,29804,149],{"class":105},[73,29806,21184],{"class":79},[73,29808,84],{"class":83},[73,29810,11361],{"class":79},[73,29812,817],{"class":105},[73,29814,28144],{"class":114},[73,29816,8233],{"class":105},[73,29818,29819,29821,29823,29825],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,29820,102],{"class":101},[73,29822,106],{"class":105},[73,29824,14439],{"class":114},[73,29826,854],{"class":105},[73,29828,29829,29831,29833,29835],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,29830,102],{"class":101},[73,29832,106],{"class":105},[73,29834,2063],{"class":114},[73,29836,854],{"class":105},[59,29838,1405],{"id":1404},[292,29840,1409,29842,1412],{"id":29841},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29843,12366],{},[20,29845,29846,29847,817],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29848,29849],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[292,29851,12300,29853,29855],{"id":29852},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29854,12366],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29857,29858],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[292,29860,29862,29863,29865],{"id":29861},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29864,12366],{}," removes?",[20,29867,29868,29869,29873],{},"No. Use ",[587,29870,29871],{"href":12162},[15,29872,12359],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[292,29875,12300,29877,14494],{"id":29876},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29878,12366],{},[20,29880,29881],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[292,29883,29885,29886,29888],{"id":29884},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29887,12366],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29890,29891,29892,29894,29895,817],{},"It raises ",[15,29893,19286],{}," with the message ",[15,29896,29294],{},[59,29898,1461],{"id":1460},[30,29900,29901,29908,29914,29920,29926,29933,29937,29941],{},[33,29902,29903],{},[587,29904,29905,29907],{"href":12162},[15,29906,12359],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,29909,29910],{},[587,29911,29912,29907],{"href":16673},[15,29913,16676],{},[33,29915,29916],{},[587,29917,29918,29907],{"href":16661},[15,29919,16664],{},[33,29921,29922],{},[587,29923,29924,29907],{"href":16667},[15,29925,16670],{},[33,29927,29928],{},[587,29929,29931,29907],{"href":29930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29932,10915],{},[33,29934,29935],{},[587,29936,12383],{"href":12169},[33,29938,29939],{},[587,29940,21057],{"href":16195},[33,29942,29943],{},[587,29944,29945,29946],{"href":29458},"Fix ",[15,29947,29461],{},[1500,29949,29950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":29952},[29953,29954,29956,29957,29958,29959,29960,29961,29966,29971,29973,29974,29986],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":28231,"depth":98,"text":29955},"What popitem() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":28301,"depth":98,"text":28302},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":28654,"depth":98,"text":28655},{"id":28846,"depth":98,"text":28847},{"id":28974,"depth":98,"text":29962,"children":29963},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29964,29965],{"id":28144,"depth":332,"text":12366},{"id":569,"depth":332,"text":12359},{"id":29243,"depth":98,"text":29244,"children":29967},[29968,29969],{"id":29300,"depth":332,"text":29301},{"id":29375,"depth":332,"text":29970},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29464,"depth":98,"text":29972},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":29975},[29976,29978,29980,29982,29984],{"id":29841,"depth":332,"text":29977},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29852,"depth":332,"text":29979},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29861,"depth":332,"text":29981},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29876,"depth":332,"text":29983},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29884,"depth":332,"text":29985},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27970,"description":29987},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29994,"title":29995,"body":29996,"description":31898,"extension":1552,"meta":31899,"navigation":335,"path":13630,"seo":31900,"stem":31901,"__hash__":31902},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29997,"toc":31870},[29998,30003,30008,30011,30013,30110,30115,30120,30125,30128,30136,30139,30154,30156,30256,30258,30315,30319,30321,30324,30344,30349,30360,30363,30390,30393,30395,30452,30454,30475,30481,30486,30489,30500,30502,30610,30612,30665,30667,30679,30686,30692,30697,30700,30788,30790,30835,30838,30846,30849,30852,30921,30924,30927,30931,30934,31005,31007,31060,31063,31066,31069,31084,31087,31099,31102,31165,31167,31173,31175,31177,31256,31258,31299,31301,31366,31368,31405,31410,31415,31419,31433,31436,31559,31561,31646,31651,31653,31657,31679,31682,31761,31764,31783,31788,31790,31796,31801,31807,31810,31816,31819,31825,31830,31836,31842,31844,31867],[10,29999,10912,30001,10916],{"id":30000},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30002,14552],{},[20,30004,1569,30005,30007],{},[15,30006,14552],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30009,30010],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[59,30012,62],{"id":61},[64,30014,30016],{"className":66,"code":30015,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30017,30018,30054,30095,30105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30019,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30021,12802],{"class":79},[73,30023,84],{"class":83},[73,30025,10083],{"class":105},[73,30027,384],{"class":87},[73,30029,115],{"class":91},[73,30031,384],{"class":87},[73,30033,2475],{"class":105},[73,30035,88],{"class":87},[73,30037,12477],{"class":91},[73,30039,384],{"class":87},[73,30041,149],{"class":105},[73,30043,88],{"class":87},[73,30045,8891],{"class":91},[73,30047,384],{"class":87},[73,30049,2475],{"class":105},[73,30051,7380],{"class":315},[73,30053,8901],{"class":105},[73,30055,30056,30058,30060,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30057,16905],{"class":79},[73,30059,817],{"class":105},[73,30061,30062],{"class":114},"update",[73,30064,5116],{"class":105},[73,30066,384],{"class":87},[73,30068,8891],{"class":91},[73,30070,384],{"class":87},[73,30072,2475],{"class":105},[73,30074,30075],{"class":315}," 21",[73,30077,149],{"class":105},[73,30079,88],{"class":87},[73,30081,10001],{"class":91},[73,30083,384],{"class":87},[73,30085,2475],{"class":105},[73,30087,88],{"class":87},[73,30089,15629],{"class":91},[73,30091,384],{"class":87},[73,30093,30094],{"class":105},"})\n",[73,30096,30097,30099,30101,30103],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30098,102],{"class":101},[73,30100,106],{"class":105},[73,30102,16905],{"class":114},[73,30104,854],{"class":105},[73,30106,30107],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,30108,30109],{"class":3249},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30111,121,30112,30114],{},[15,30113,14552],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[59,30116,236,30118,239],{"id":30117},"what-update-does",[15,30119,14552],{},[20,30121,30122,30124],{},[15,30123,14552],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30126,30127],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30129,30130,30133],{},[33,30131,30132],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30134,30135],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30137,30138],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30140,30141,30144,30147,30151],{},[33,30142,30143],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30145,30146],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30148,4737,30149],{},[15,30150,3364],{},[33,30152,30153],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30155,714],{},[64,30157,30159],{"className":66,"code":30158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30160,30161,30203,30246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30199,30201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30164,12460],{"class":79},[73,30166,84],{"class":83},[73,30168,10083],{"class":105},[73,30170,384],{"class":87},[73,30172,115],{"class":91},[73,30174,384],{"class":87},[73,30176,2475],{"class":105},[73,30178,88],{"class":87},[73,30180,30181],{"class":91},"Mira",[73,30183,384],{"class":87},[73,30185,149],{"class":105},[73,30187,88],{"class":87},[73,30189,19490],{"class":91},[73,30191,384],{"class":87},[73,30193,2475],{"class":105},[73,30195,88],{"class":87},[73,30197,30198],{"class":91},"B",[73,30200,384],{"class":87},[73,30202,8901],{"class":105},[73,30204,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30242,30244],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30206,13223],{"class":79},[73,30208,817],{"class":105},[73,30210,30062],{"class":114},[73,30212,5116],{"class":105},[73,30214,384],{"class":87},[73,30216,19490],{"class":91},[73,30218,384],{"class":87},[73,30220,2475],{"class":105},[73,30222,88],{"class":87},[73,30224,21844],{"class":91},[73,30226,384],{"class":87},[73,30228,149],{"class":105},[73,30230,88],{"class":87},[73,30232,10001],{"class":91},[73,30234,384],{"class":87},[73,30236,2475],{"class":105},[73,30238,88],{"class":87},[73,30240,30241],{"class":91},"Quito",[73,30243,384],{"class":87},[73,30245,30094],{"class":105},[73,30247,30248,30250,30252,30254],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30249,102],{"class":101},[73,30251,106],{"class":105},[73,30253,13223],{"class":114},[73,30255,854],{"class":105},[20,30257,1660],{},[64,30259,30261],{"className":66,"code":30260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30262,30263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30264,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30266,8870],{"class":105},[73,30268,141],{"class":87},[73,30270,115],{"class":91},[73,30272,141],{"class":87},[73,30274,2475],{"class":105},[73,30276,152],{"class":87},[73,30278,30181],{"class":91},[73,30280,141],{"class":87},[73,30282,149],{"class":105},[73,30284,152],{"class":87},[73,30286,19490],{"class":91},[73,30288,141],{"class":87},[73,30290,2475],{"class":105},[73,30292,152],{"class":87},[73,30294,21844],{"class":91},[73,30296,141],{"class":87},[73,30298,149],{"class":105},[73,30300,152],{"class":87},[73,30302,10001],{"class":91},[73,30304,141],{"class":87},[73,30306,2475],{"class":105},[73,30308,152],{"class":87},[73,30310,30241],{"class":91},[73,30312,141],{"class":87},[73,30314,8901],{"class":105},[20,30316,8743,30317,817],{},[587,30318,24228],{"href":8983},[59,30320,285],{"id":284},[20,30322,30323],{},"The basic form is:",[64,30325,30327],{"className":66,"code":30326,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30328,30329],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30330,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30342],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30332,15203],{"class":79},[73,30334,817],{"class":105},[73,30336,30062],{"class":114},[73,30338,106],{"class":105},[73,30340,30341],{"class":114},"other",[73,30343,854],{"class":105},[20,30345,30346,30348],{},[15,30347,30341],{}," can be:",[30,30350,30351,30354,30357],{},[33,30352,30353],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30355,30356],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30358,30359],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30361,30362],{},"You can also use:",[64,30364,30366],{"className":66,"code":30365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30367,30368],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30369,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30371,15203],{"class":79},[73,30373,817],{"class":105},[73,30375,30062],{"class":114},[73,30377,106],{"class":105},[73,30379,115],{"class":8767},[73,30381,84],{"class":83},[73,30383,384],{"class":87},[73,30385,327],{"class":91},[73,30387,384],{"class":87},[73,30389,854],{"class":105},[20,30391,30392],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30394,714],{},[64,30396,30398],{"className":66,"code":30397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30399,30400,30420,30442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30401,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30403,8757],{"class":79},[73,30405,84],{"class":83},[73,30407,10083],{"class":105},[73,30409,384],{"class":87},[73,30411,587],{"class":91},[73,30413,384],{"class":87},[73,30415,2475],{"class":105},[73,30417,5084],{"class":315},[73,30419,8901],{"class":105},[73,30421,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30423,8796],{"class":79},[73,30425,817],{"class":105},[73,30427,30062],{"class":114},[73,30429,5116],{"class":105},[73,30431,384],{"class":87},[73,30433,587],{"class":91},[73,30435,384],{"class":87},[73,30437,2475],{"class":105},[73,30439,5592],{"class":315},[73,30441,30094],{"class":105},[73,30443,30444,30446,30448,30450],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30445,102],{"class":101},[73,30447,106],{"class":105},[73,30449,8796],{"class":114},[73,30451,854],{"class":105},[20,30453,1660],{},[64,30455,30457],{"className":66,"code":30456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30458,30459],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30460,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30462,8870],{"class":105},[73,30464,141],{"class":87},[73,30466,587],{"class":91},[73,30468,141],{"class":87},[73,30470,2475],{"class":105},[73,30472,5592],{"class":315},[73,30474,8901],{"class":105},[59,30476,438,30478,30480],{"id":30477},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30479,14552],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30482,30483,30484,817],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30485,14552],{},[20,30487,30488],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30490,30491,30494,30497],{},[33,30492,30493],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30495,30496],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30498,30499],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30501,714],{},[64,30503,30505],{"className":66,"code":30504,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30506,30507,30544,30581,30585,30600],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30508,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30542],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30510,13423],{"class":79},[73,30512,84],{"class":83},[73,30514,10083],{"class":105},[73,30516,384],{"class":87},[73,30518,12090],{"class":91},[73,30520,384],{"class":87},[73,30522,2475],{"class":105},[73,30524,88],{"class":87},[73,30526,20527],{"class":91},[73,30528,384],{"class":87},[73,30530,149],{"class":105},[73,30532,88],{"class":87},[73,30534,13448],{"class":91},[73,30536,384],{"class":87},[73,30538,2475],{"class":105},[73,30540,30541],{"class":315}," 12",[73,30543,8901],{"class":105},[73,30545,30546,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30547,30548],{"class":79},"new_settings ",[73,30550,84],{"class":83},[73,30552,10083],{"class":105},[73,30554,384],{"class":87},[73,30556,13448],{"class":91},[73,30558,384],{"class":87},[73,30560,2475],{"class":105},[73,30562,13455],{"class":315},[73,30564,149],{"class":105},[73,30566,88],{"class":87},[73,30568,19722],{"class":91},[73,30570,384],{"class":87},[73,30572,2475],{"class":105},[73,30574,88],{"class":87},[73,30576,19756],{"class":91},[73,30578,384],{"class":87},[73,30580,8901],{"class":105},[73,30582,30583],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30584,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,30586,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30598],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,30588,13482],{"class":79},[73,30590,817],{"class":105},[73,30592,30062],{"class":114},[73,30594,106],{"class":105},[73,30596,30597],{"class":114},"new_settings",[73,30599,854],{"class":105},[73,30601,30602,30604,30606,30608],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,30603,102],{"class":101},[73,30605,106],{"class":105},[73,30607,13482],{"class":114},[73,30609,854],{"class":105},[20,30611,1660],{},[64,30613,30615],{"className":66,"code":30614,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30616,30617],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30618,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30620,8870],{"class":105},[73,30622,141],{"class":87},[73,30624,12090],{"class":91},[73,30626,141],{"class":87},[73,30628,2475],{"class":105},[73,30630,152],{"class":87},[73,30632,20527],{"class":91},[73,30634,141],{"class":87},[73,30636,149],{"class":105},[73,30638,152],{"class":87},[73,30640,13448],{"class":91},[73,30642,141],{"class":87},[73,30644,2475],{"class":105},[73,30646,13455],{"class":315},[73,30648,149],{"class":105},[73,30650,152],{"class":87},[73,30652,19722],{"class":91},[73,30654,141],{"class":87},[73,30656,2475],{"class":105},[73,30658,152],{"class":87},[73,30660,19756],{"class":91},[73,30662,141],{"class":87},[73,30664,8901],{"class":105},[20,30666,13007],{},[30,30668,30669,30674],{},[33,30670,30671,30673],{},[15,30672,13448],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30675,30676,30678],{},[15,30677,19722],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30680,30681,30682,817],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[587,30683,30685],{"href":30684},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[59,30687,438,30689,30691],{"id":30688},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30690,14552],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30693,30694,30696],{},[15,30695,14552],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30698,30699],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[64,30701,30703],{"className":66,"code":30702,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30704,30705,30725,30760,30764,30778],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30706,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30708,4654],{"class":79},[73,30710,84],{"class":83},[73,30712,10083],{"class":105},[73,30714,384],{"class":87},[73,30716,876],{"class":91},[73,30718,384],{"class":87},[73,30720,2475],{"class":105},[73,30722,19497],{"class":315},[73,30724,8901],{"class":105},[73,30726,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30752,30754,30756,30758],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30728,8807],{"class":79},[73,30730,84],{"class":83},[73,30732,8812],{"class":105},[73,30734,384],{"class":87},[73,30736,18024],{"class":91},[73,30738,384],{"class":87},[73,30740,149],{"class":105},[73,30742,13105],{"class":315},[73,30744,8825],{"class":105},[73,30746,8828],{"class":105},[73,30748,384],{"class":87},[73,30750,30751],{"class":91},"english",[73,30753,384],{"class":87},[73,30755,149],{"class":105},[73,30757,28517],{"class":315},[73,30759,8841],{"class":105},[73,30761,30762],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30763,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,30765,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,30767,15987],{"class":79},[73,30769,817],{"class":105},[73,30771,30062],{"class":114},[73,30773,106],{"class":105},[73,30775,8854],{"class":114},[73,30777,854],{"class":105},[73,30779,30780,30782,30784,30786],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,30781,102],{"class":101},[73,30783,106],{"class":105},[73,30785,15987],{"class":114},[73,30787,854],{"class":105},[20,30789,1660],{},[64,30791,30793],{"className":66,"code":30792,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30794,30795],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30798,8870],{"class":105},[73,30800,141],{"class":87},[73,30802,876],{"class":91},[73,30804,141],{"class":87},[73,30806,2475],{"class":105},[73,30808,19497],{"class":315},[73,30810,149],{"class":105},[73,30812,152],{"class":87},[73,30814,18024],{"class":91},[73,30816,141],{"class":87},[73,30818,2475],{"class":105},[73,30820,13105],{"class":315},[73,30822,149],{"class":105},[73,30824,152],{"class":87},[73,30826,30751],{"class":91},[73,30828,141],{"class":87},[73,30830,2475],{"class":105},[73,30832,28517],{"class":315},[73,30834,8901],{"class":105},[20,30836,30837],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,30839,30840,30843],{},[33,30841,30842],{},"The key",[33,30844,30845],{},"The value",[20,30847,30848],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30850,30851],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[64,30853,30855],{"className":66,"code":30854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30856,30857,30877,30902,30906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30858,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30860,8757],{"class":79},[73,30862,84],{"class":83},[73,30864,10083],{"class":105},[73,30866,384],{"class":87},[73,30868,587],{"class":91},[73,30870,384],{"class":87},[73,30872,2475],{"class":105},[73,30874,5084],{"class":315},[73,30876,8901],{"class":105},[73,30878,30879,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30880,30881],{"class":79},"bad_pairs ",[73,30883,84],{"class":83},[73,30885,8812],{"class":105},[73,30887,384],{"class":87},[73,30889,4350],{"class":91},[73,30891,384],{"class":87},[73,30893,149],{"class":105},[73,30895,409],{"class":315},[73,30897,149],{"class":105},[73,30899,414],{"class":315},[73,30901,8841],{"class":105},[73,30903,30904],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30905,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,30907,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30919],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,30909,8796],{"class":79},[73,30911,817],{"class":105},[73,30913,30062],{"class":114},[73,30915,106],{"class":105},[73,30917,30918],{"class":114},"bad_pairs",[73,30920,854],{"class":105},[20,30922,30923],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30925,30926],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[59,30928,30930],{"id":30929},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30932,30933],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[64,30935,30937],{"className":66,"code":30936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30938,30939,30963,30995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30942,11082],{"class":79},[73,30944,84],{"class":83},[73,30946,10083],{"class":105},[73,30948,384],{"class":87},[73,30950,115],{"class":91},[73,30952,384],{"class":87},[73,30954,2475],{"class":105},[73,30956,88],{"class":87},[73,30958,28510],{"class":91},[73,30960,384],{"class":87},[73,30962,8901],{"class":105},[73,30964,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30984,30986,30988,30991,30993],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,30966,11176],{"class":79},[73,30968,817],{"class":105},[73,30970,30062],{"class":114},[73,30972,106],{"class":105},[73,30974,8891],{"class":8767},[73,30976,84],{"class":83},[73,30978,8785],{"class":315},[73,30980,149],{"class":105},[73,30982,30983],{"class":8767}," city",[73,30985,84],{"class":83},[73,30987,384],{"class":87},[73,30989,30990],{"class":91},"Madrid",[73,30992,384],{"class":87},[73,30994,854],{"class":105},[73,30996,30997,30999,31001,31003],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,30998,102],{"class":101},[73,31000,106],{"class":105},[73,31002,11176],{"class":114},[73,31004,854],{"class":105},[20,31006,1660],{},[64,31008,31010],{"className":66,"code":31009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31011,31012],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31013,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31015,8870],{"class":105},[73,31017,141],{"class":87},[73,31019,115],{"class":91},[73,31021,141],{"class":87},[73,31023,2475],{"class":105},[73,31025,152],{"class":87},[73,31027,28510],{"class":91},[73,31029,141],{"class":87},[73,31031,149],{"class":105},[73,31033,152],{"class":87},[73,31035,8891],{"class":91},[73,31037,141],{"class":87},[73,31039,2475],{"class":105},[73,31041,8898],{"class":315},[73,31043,149],{"class":105},[73,31045,152],{"class":87},[73,31047,10001],{"class":91},[73,31049,141],{"class":87},[73,31051,2475],{"class":105},[73,31053,152],{"class":87},[73,31055,30990],{"class":91},[73,31057,141],{"class":87},[73,31059,8901],{"class":105},[20,31061,31062],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31064,31065],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31067,31068],{},"These work:",[30,31070,31071,31075,31079],{},[33,31072,31073],{},[15,31074,8891],{},[33,31076,31077],{},[15,31078,10001],{},[33,31080,31081],{},[15,31082,31083],{},"first_name",[20,31085,31086],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31088,31089,31094],{},[33,31090,31091],{},[15,31092,31093],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31095,31096],{},[15,31097,31098],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31100,31101],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[64,31103,31105],{"className":66,"code":31104,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31106,31107,31115,31155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31108,31109,31111,31113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31110,11082],{"class":79},[73,31112,84],{"class":83},[73,31114,9431],{"class":105},[73,31116,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31146,31148,31150,31153],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31118,11176],{"class":79},[73,31120,817],{"class":105},[73,31122,30062],{"class":114},[73,31124,5116],{"class":105},[73,31126,384],{"class":87},[73,31128,10105],{"class":91},[73,31130,384],{"class":87},[73,31132,2475],{"class":105},[73,31134,88],{"class":87},[73,31136,28510],{"class":91},[73,31138,384],{"class":87},[73,31140,149],{"class":105},[73,31142,88],{"class":87},[73,31144,31145],{"class":91},"user-id",[73,31147,384],{"class":87},[73,31149,2475],{"class":105},[73,31151,31152],{"class":315}," 1001",[73,31154,30094],{"class":105},[73,31156,31157,31159,31161,31163],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31158,102],{"class":101},[73,31160,106],{"class":105},[73,31162,11176],{"class":114},[73,31164,854],{"class":105},[59,31166,17017],{"id":17016},[20,31168,31169,1987,31171,817],{},[15,31170,14552],{},[15,31172,3364],{},[20,31174,13646],{},[20,31176,24308],{},[64,31178,31180],{"className":66,"code":31179,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31181,31182,31206,31232,31236,31246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31185,12802],{"class":79},[73,31187,84],{"class":83},[73,31189,10083],{"class":105},[73,31191,384],{"class":87},[73,31193,115],{"class":91},[73,31195,384],{"class":87},[73,31197,2475],{"class":105},[73,31199,88],{"class":87},[73,31201,12477],{"class":91},[73,31203,384],{"class":87},[73,31205,8901],{"class":105},[73,31207,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31209,1819],{"class":79},[73,31211,84],{"class":83},[73,31213,12845],{"class":79},[73,31215,817],{"class":105},[73,31217,30062],{"class":114},[73,31219,5116],{"class":105},[73,31221,384],{"class":87},[73,31223,8891],{"class":91},[73,31225,384],{"class":87},[73,31227,2475],{"class":105},[73,31229,7380],{"class":315},[73,31231,30094],{"class":105},[73,31233,31234],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31235,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,31237,31238,31240,31242,31244],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,31239,102],{"class":101},[73,31241,106],{"class":105},[73,31243,1854],{"class":114},[73,31245,854],{"class":105},[73,31247,31248,31250,31252,31254],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,31249,102],{"class":101},[73,31251,106],{"class":105},[73,31253,16905],{"class":114},[73,31255,854],{"class":105},[20,31257,1660],{},[64,31259,31261],{"className":66,"code":31260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31262,31263,31267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31264,31265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31266,11403],{"class":3438},[73,31268,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31270,8870],{"class":105},[73,31272,141],{"class":87},[73,31274,115],{"class":91},[73,31276,141],{"class":87},[73,31278,2475],{"class":105},[73,31280,152],{"class":87},[73,31282,12477],{"class":91},[73,31284,141],{"class":87},[73,31286,149],{"class":105},[73,31288,152],{"class":87},[73,31290,8891],{"class":91},[73,31292,141],{"class":87},[73,31294,2475],{"class":105},[73,31296,7380],{"class":315},[73,31298,8901],{"class":105},[20,31300,16254],{},[64,31302,31304],{"className":66,"code":31303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31305,31306,31330,31352,31356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31307,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31309,12802],{"class":79},[73,31311,84],{"class":83},[73,31313,10083],{"class":105},[73,31315,384],{"class":87},[73,31317,115],{"class":91},[73,31319,384],{"class":87},[73,31321,2475],{"class":105},[73,31323,88],{"class":87},[73,31325,12477],{"class":91},[73,31327,384],{"class":87},[73,31329,8901],{"class":105},[73,31331,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31333,16905],{"class":79},[73,31335,817],{"class":105},[73,31337,30062],{"class":114},[73,31339,5116],{"class":105},[73,31341,384],{"class":87},[73,31343,8891],{"class":91},[73,31345,384],{"class":87},[73,31347,2475],{"class":105},[73,31349,7380],{"class":315},[73,31351,30094],{"class":105},[73,31353,31354],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31355,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,31359,102],{"class":101},[73,31361,106],{"class":105},[73,31363,16905],{"class":114},[73,31365,854],{"class":105},[20,31367,1660],{},[64,31369,31371],{"className":66,"code":31370,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31372,31373],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31376,8870],{"class":105},[73,31378,141],{"class":87},[73,31380,115],{"class":91},[73,31382,141],{"class":87},[73,31384,2475],{"class":105},[73,31386,152],{"class":87},[73,31388,12477],{"class":91},[73,31390,141],{"class":87},[73,31392,149],{"class":105},[73,31394,152],{"class":87},[73,31396,8891],{"class":91},[73,31398,141],{"class":87},[73,31400,2475],{"class":105},[73,31402,7380],{"class":315},[73,31404,8901],{"class":105},[20,31406,31407,31408,817],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[587,31409,17503],{"href":10323},[59,31411,4551,31413],{"id":31412},"when-to-use-update",[15,31414,14552],{},[20,31416,121,31417,10193],{},[15,31418,14552],{},[30,31420,31421,31424,31427,31430],{},[33,31422,31423],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31425,31426],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31428,31429],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31431,31432],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31434,31435],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[64,31437,31439],{"className":66,"code":31438,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31440,31441,31477,31492,31496,31535,31539,31549],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31442,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31444,11681],{"class":79},[73,31446,84],{"class":83},[73,31448,10083],{"class":105},[73,31450,384],{"class":87},[73,31452,115],{"class":91},[73,31454,384],{"class":87},[73,31456,2475],{"class":105},[73,31458,88],{"class":87},[73,31460,12477],{"class":91},[73,31462,384],{"class":87},[73,31464,149],{"class":105},[73,31466,88],{"class":87},[73,31468,8891],{"class":91},[73,31470,384],{"class":87},[73,31472,2475],{"class":105},[73,31474,7380],{"class":315},[73,31476,8901],{"class":105},[73,31478,31479,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31480,31481],{"class":79},"updated ",[73,31483,84],{"class":83},[73,31485,11756],{"class":79},[73,31487,817],{"class":105},[73,31489,12508],{"class":114},[73,31491,8233],{"class":105},[73,31493,31494],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31495,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,31497,31498,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,31499,31500],{"class":79},"updated",[73,31502,817],{"class":105},[73,31504,30062],{"class":114},[73,31506,5116],{"class":105},[73,31508,384],{"class":87},[73,31510,8891],{"class":91},[73,31512,384],{"class":87},[73,31514,2475],{"class":105},[73,31516,30075],{"class":315},[73,31518,149],{"class":105},[73,31520,88],{"class":87},[73,31522,10001],{"class":91},[73,31524,384],{"class":87},[73,31526,2475],{"class":105},[73,31528,88],{"class":87},[73,31530,15629],{"class":91},[73,31532,384],{"class":87},[73,31534,30094],{"class":105},[73,31536,31537],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,31538,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,31542,102],{"class":101},[73,31544,106],{"class":105},[73,31546,11728],{"class":114},[73,31548,854],{"class":105},[73,31550,31551,31553,31555,31557],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,31552,102],{"class":101},[73,31554,106],{"class":105},[73,31556,31500],{"class":114},[73,31558,854],{"class":105},[20,31560,1660],{},[64,31562,31564],{"className":66,"code":31563,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31565,31566,31598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31567,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31569,8870],{"class":105},[73,31571,141],{"class":87},[73,31573,115],{"class":91},[73,31575,141],{"class":87},[73,31577,2475],{"class":105},[73,31579,152],{"class":87},[73,31581,12477],{"class":91},[73,31583,141],{"class":87},[73,31585,149],{"class":105},[73,31587,152],{"class":87},[73,31589,8891],{"class":91},[73,31591,141],{"class":87},[73,31593,2475],{"class":105},[73,31595,7380],{"class":315},[73,31597,8901],{"class":105},[73,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31601,8870],{"class":105},[73,31603,141],{"class":87},[73,31605,115],{"class":91},[73,31607,141],{"class":87},[73,31609,2475],{"class":105},[73,31611,152],{"class":87},[73,31613,12477],{"class":91},[73,31615,141],{"class":87},[73,31617,149],{"class":105},[73,31619,152],{"class":87},[73,31621,8891],{"class":91},[73,31623,141],{"class":87},[73,31625,2475],{"class":105},[73,31627,30075],{"class":315},[73,31629,149],{"class":105},[73,31631,152],{"class":87},[73,31633,10001],{"class":91},[73,31635,141],{"class":87},[73,31637,2475],{"class":105},[73,31639,152],{"class":87},[73,31641,15629],{"class":91},[73,31643,141],{"class":87},[73,31645,8901],{"class":105},[20,31647,31648,31649,817],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[587,31650,16196],{"href":16195},[59,31652,1207],{"id":1206},[20,31654,10340,31655,2475],{},[15,31656,14552],{},[30,31658,31659,31666,31670,31673,31676],{},[33,31660,12190,31661,31663,31664],{},[15,31662,14552],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31665,3364],{},[33,31667,8044,31668,12198],{},[15,31669,14552],{},[33,31671,31672],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31674,31675],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31677,31678],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31680,31681],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[64,31683,31685],{"className":66,"code":31684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31686,31687,31697,31711,31725,31747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31688,31689,31691,31693,31695],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31690,102],{"class":101},[73,31692,106],{"class":105},[73,31694,11044],{"class":114},[73,31696,854],{"class":105},[73,31698,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31700,102],{"class":101},[73,31702,106],{"class":105},[73,31704,1271],{"class":1270},[73,31706,106],{"class":105},[73,31708,8796],{"class":114},[73,31710,118],{"class":105},[73,31712,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31714,102],{"class":101},[73,31716,106],{"class":105},[73,31718,7684],{"class":1270},[73,31720,106],{"class":105},[73,31722,8796],{"class":114},[73,31724,118],{"class":105},[73,31726,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,31728,102],{"class":101},[73,31730,106],{"class":105},[73,31732,11044],{"class":114},[73,31734,817],{"class":105},[73,31736,19349],{"class":114},[73,31738,106],{"class":105},[73,31740,141],{"class":87},[73,31742,14439],{"class":91},[73,31744,141],{"class":87},[73,31746,118],{"class":105},[73,31748,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,31750,842],{"class":101},[73,31752,106],{"class":105},[73,31754,8412],{"class":1270},[73,31756,817],{"class":105},[73,31758,30062],{"class":851},[73,31760,854],{"class":105},[20,31762,31763],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31765,31766,31769,31774,31777,31780],{},[33,31767,31768],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31770,31771,31772],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31773,14552],{},[33,31775,31776],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31778,31779],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31781,31782],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31784,31785,31786,817],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[587,31787,10856],{"href":10667},[59,31789,1405],{"id":1404},[292,31791,12300,31793,31795],{"id":31792},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31794,14552],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31797,31798,31799,817],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31800,3364],{},[292,31802,12300,31804,31806],{"id":31803},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31805,14552],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31808,31809],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[292,31811,1446,31813,31815],{"id":31812},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31814,14552],{}," add new keys?",[20,31817,31818],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[292,31820,27925,31822,31824],{"id":31821},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31823,14552],{}," with a list?",[20,31826,31827,31828,817],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31829,10688],{},[292,31831,1419,31833,31835],{"id":31832},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31834,14552],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31837,31838,31839,31841],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31840,14552],{}," can change many keys at once.",[59,31843,1461],{"id":1460},[30,31845,31846,31850,31854,31859,31863],{},[33,31847,31848],{},[587,31849,25692],{"href":8983},[33,31851,31852],{},[587,31853,10845],{"href":10323},[33,31855,31856],{},[587,31857,31858],{"href":30684},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31860,31861],{},[587,31862,21057],{"href":16195},[33,31864,31865],{},[587,31866,10856],{"href":10667},[1500,31868,31869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":31871},[31872,31873,31875,31876,31878,31880,31881,31882,31884,31885,31897],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":30117,"depth":98,"text":31874},"What update() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":30477,"depth":98,"text":31877},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30688,"depth":98,"text":31879},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30929,"depth":98,"text":30930},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":31412,"depth":98,"text":31883},"When to use update()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":31886},[31887,31889,31891,31893,31895],{"id":31792,"depth":332,"text":31888},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31803,"depth":332,"text":31890},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31812,"depth":332,"text":31892},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31821,"depth":332,"text":31894},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31832,"depth":332,"text":31896},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29995,"description":31898},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31904,"title":31905,"body":31906,"description":33894,"extension":1552,"meta":33895,"navigation":335,"path":22494,"seo":33896,"stem":33897,"__hash__":33898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31907,"toc":33857},[31908,31913,31919,31922,31924,32023,32025,32080,32085,32090,32104,32109,32111,32126,32128,32142,32155,32160,32166,32173,32175,32282,32284,32333,32339,32414,32416,32437,32439,32442,32547,32549,32604,32606,32634,32638,32643,32722,32724,32744,32746,32757,32767,32771,32776,32880,32882,32907,32910,32921,32926,32935,32938,32955,32957,33044,33046,33109,33111,33134,33136,33141,33147,33152,33154,33193,33199,33202,33221,33232,33238,33241,33314,33316,33335,33340,33343,33366,33372,33375,33439,33442,33519,33526,33529,33588,33594,33596,33615,33619,33622,33673,33676,33696,33698,33759,33761,33766,33771,33776,33781,33786,33791,33797,33800,33809,33817,33819,33854],[10,31909,10912,31911,10916],{"id":31910},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31912,16670],{},[20,31914,22,31915,31918],{},[15,31916,31917],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31920,31921],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[59,31923,62],{"id":61},[64,31925,31927],{"className":66,"code":31926,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31928,31929,31981,31995,31999,32009],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31932,12460],{"class":79},[73,31934,84],{"class":83},[73,31936,10083],{"class":105},[73,31938,384],{"class":87},[73,31940,115],{"class":91},[73,31942,384],{"class":87},[73,31944,2475],{"class":105},[73,31946,88],{"class":87},[73,31948,12477],{"class":91},[73,31950,384],{"class":87},[73,31952,149],{"class":105},[73,31954,88],{"class":87},[73,31956,8891],{"class":91},[73,31958,384],{"class":87},[73,31960,2475],{"class":105},[73,31962,7380],{"class":315},[73,31964,149],{"class":105},[73,31966,88],{"class":87},[73,31968,10001],{"class":91},[73,31970,384],{"class":87},[73,31972,2475],{"class":105},[73,31974,88],{"class":87},[73,31976,15629],{"class":91},[73,31978,384],{"class":87},[73,31980,8901],{"class":105},[73,31982,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,31984,3409],{"class":79},[73,31986,84],{"class":83},[73,31988,12503],{"class":79},[73,31990,817],{"class":105},[73,31992,4945],{"class":114},[73,31994,8233],{"class":105},[73,31996,31997],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,31998,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32000,32001,32003,32005,32007],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32002,102],{"class":101},[73,32004,106],{"class":105},[73,32006,4945],{"class":114},[73,32008,854],{"class":105},[73,32010,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,32012,102],{"class":101},[73,32014,106],{"class":105},[73,32016,7684],{"class":1270},[73,32018,106],{"class":105},[73,32020,4945],{"class":114},[73,32022,118],{"class":105},[20,32024,1660],{},[64,32026,32028],{"className":66,"code":32027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32029,32030,32056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32031,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32033,16636],{"class":114},[73,32035,401],{"class":105},[73,32037,141],{"class":87},[73,32039,12477],{"class":91},[73,32041,141],{"class":87},[73,32043,149],{"class":105},[73,32045,7380],{"class":315},[73,32047,149],{"class":105},[73,32049,152],{"class":87},[73,32051,15629],{"class":91},[73,32053,141],{"class":87},[73,32055,3475],{"class":105},[73,32057,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32059,138],{"class":105},[73,32061,141],{"class":87},[73,32063,12477],{"class":91},[73,32065,141],{"class":87},[73,32067,149],{"class":105},[73,32069,7380],{"class":315},[73,32071,149],{"class":105},[73,32073,152],{"class":87},[73,32075,15629],{"class":91},[73,32077,141],{"class":87},[73,32079,229],{"class":105},[20,32081,32082,32084],{},[15,32083,16670],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[59,32086,236,32088,239],{"id":32087},"what-values-does",[15,32089,16670],{},[30,32091,32092,32095,32098,32101],{},[33,32093,32094],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32096,32097],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32099,32100],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32102,32103],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32105,32106,32107,817],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[587,32108,8984],{"href":8983},[59,32110,285],{"id":284},[64,32112,32114],{"className":66,"code":32113,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32115,32116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32117,32118,32120,32122,32124],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32119,11044],{"class":79},[73,32121,817],{"class":105},[73,32123,4945],{"class":114},[73,32125,8233],{"class":105},[20,32127,12649],{},[30,32129,32130,32134,32137],{},[33,32131,32132,11059],{},[15,32133,16670],{},[33,32135,32136],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32138,32139,32140],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32141,16670],{},[20,32143,32144,32145,355,32150,817],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[587,32146,32147,32149],{"href":16661},[15,32148,16664],{}," for dictionary keys",[587,32151,32152,32154],{"href":16673},[15,32153,16676],{}," for key-value pairs",[59,32156,236,32158,11300],{"id":32157},"what-values-returns",[15,32159,16670],{},[20,32161,32162,21574,32164,24363],{},[15,32163,16670],{},[15,32165,16636],{},[20,32167,32168,32169,32172],{},"This object is a ",[55,32170,32171],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32174,714],{},[64,32176,32178],{"className":66,"code":32177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32179,32180,32216,32220,32235,32246,32250,32272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32181,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32183,12802],{"class":79},[73,32185,84],{"class":83},[73,32187,10083],{"class":105},[73,32189,384],{"class":87},[73,32191,115],{"class":91},[73,32193,384],{"class":87},[73,32195,2475],{"class":105},[73,32197,88],{"class":87},[73,32199,7511],{"class":91},[73,32201,384],{"class":87},[73,32203,149],{"class":105},[73,32205,88],{"class":87},[73,32207,8891],{"class":91},[73,32209,384],{"class":87},[73,32211,2475],{"class":105},[73,32213,8898],{"class":315},[73,32215,8901],{"class":105},[73,32217,32218],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32219,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32221,32222,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32223,32224],{"class":79},"values_view ",[73,32226,84],{"class":83},[73,32228,12845],{"class":79},[73,32230,817],{"class":105},[73,32232,4945],{"class":114},[73,32234,8233],{"class":105},[73,32236,32237,32239,32241,32244],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32238,102],{"class":101},[73,32240,106],{"class":105},[73,32242,32243],{"class":114},"values_view",[73,32245,854],{"class":105},[73,32247,32248],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,32249,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32251,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,32253,16905],{"class":79},[73,32255,138],{"class":105},[73,32257,384],{"class":87},[73,32259,10001],{"class":91},[73,32261,384],{"class":87},[73,32263,12871],{"class":105},[73,32265,12874],{"class":83},[73,32267,88],{"class":87},[73,32269,30241],{"class":91},[73,32271,95],{"class":87},[73,32273,32274,32276,32278,32280],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,32275,102],{"class":101},[73,32277,106],{"class":105},[73,32279,32243],{"class":114},[73,32281,854],{"class":105},[20,32283,1660],{},[64,32285,32287],{"className":66,"code":32286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32288,32289,32307],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32290,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32292,16636],{"class":114},[73,32294,401],{"class":105},[73,32296,141],{"class":87},[73,32298,7511],{"class":91},[73,32300,141],{"class":87},[73,32302,149],{"class":105},[73,32304,8898],{"class":315},[73,32306,3475],{"class":105},[73,32308,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32310,16636],{"class":114},[73,32312,401],{"class":105},[73,32314,141],{"class":87},[73,32316,7511],{"class":91},[73,32318,141],{"class":87},[73,32320,149],{"class":105},[73,32322,8898],{"class":315},[73,32324,149],{"class":105},[73,32326,152],{"class":87},[73,32328,30241],{"class":91},[73,32330,141],{"class":87},[73,32332,3475],{"class":105},[20,32334,32335,32336,817],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32337,32338],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[64,32340,32342],{"className":66,"code":32341,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32343,32344,32380,32399,32403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32345,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32347,12802],{"class":79},[73,32349,84],{"class":83},[73,32351,10083],{"class":105},[73,32353,384],{"class":87},[73,32355,115],{"class":91},[73,32357,384],{"class":87},[73,32359,2475],{"class":105},[73,32361,88],{"class":87},[73,32363,7511],{"class":91},[73,32365,384],{"class":87},[73,32367,149],{"class":105},[73,32369,88],{"class":87},[73,32371,8891],{"class":91},[73,32373,384],{"class":87},[73,32375,2475],{"class":105},[73,32377,8898],{"class":315},[73,32379,8901],{"class":105},[73,32381,32382,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32383,32384],{"class":79},"values_list ",[73,32386,84],{"class":83},[73,32388,22159],{"class":1270},[73,32390,106],{"class":105},[73,32392,16905],{"class":114},[73,32394,817],{"class":105},[73,32396,4945],{"class":114},[73,32398,348],{"class":105},[73,32400,32401],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32402,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32404,32405,32407,32409,32412],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32406,102],{"class":101},[73,32408,106],{"class":105},[73,32410,32411],{"class":114},"values_list",[73,32413,854],{"class":105},[20,32415,1660],{},[64,32417,32419],{"className":66,"code":32418,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32420,32421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32422,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32424,138],{"class":105},[73,32426,141],{"class":87},[73,32428,7511],{"class":91},[73,32430,141],{"class":87},[73,32432,149],{"class":105},[73,32434,8898],{"class":315},[73,32436,229],{"class":105},[59,32438,11069],{"id":11068},[20,32440,32441],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[64,32443,32445],{"className":66,"code":32444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32446,32447,32501,32505,32519,32523,32533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32448,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32482,32484,32486,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32450,24395],{"class":79},[73,32452,84],{"class":83},[73,32454,10083],{"class":105},[73,32456,384],{"class":87},[73,32458,24404],{"class":91},[73,32460,384],{"class":87},[73,32462,2475],{"class":105},[73,32464,88],{"class":87},[73,32466,24413],{"class":91},[73,32468,384],{"class":87},[73,32470,149],{"class":105},[73,32472,88],{"class":87},[73,32474,24422],{"class":91},[73,32476,384],{"class":87},[73,32478,2475],{"class":105},[73,32480,32481],{"class":315}," 2022",[73,32483,149],{"class":105},[73,32485,88],{"class":87},[73,32487,32488],{"class":91},"color",[73,32490,384],{"class":87},[73,32492,2475],{"class":105},[73,32494,88],{"class":87},[73,32496,12707],{"class":91},[73,32498,384],{"class":87},[73,32500,8901],{"class":105},[73,32502,32503],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32504,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32506,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32508,1819],{"class":79},[73,32510,84],{"class":83},[73,32512,24444],{"class":79},[73,32514,817],{"class":105},[73,32516,4945],{"class":114},[73,32518,8233],{"class":105},[73,32520,32521],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32522,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32524,32525,32527,32529,32531],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,32526,102],{"class":101},[73,32528,106],{"class":105},[73,32530,1854],{"class":114},[73,32532,854],{"class":105},[73,32534,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,32536,102],{"class":101},[73,32538,106],{"class":105},[73,32540,7684],{"class":1270},[73,32542,106],{"class":105},[73,32544,1854],{"class":114},[73,32546,118],{"class":105},[20,32548,1660],{},[64,32550,32552],{"className":66,"code":32551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32553,32554,32580],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32555,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32557,16636],{"class":114},[73,32559,401],{"class":105},[73,32561,141],{"class":87},[73,32563,24413],{"class":91},[73,32565,141],{"class":87},[73,32567,149],{"class":105},[73,32569,32481],{"class":315},[73,32571,149],{"class":105},[73,32573,152],{"class":87},[73,32575,12707],{"class":91},[73,32577,141],{"class":87},[73,32579,3475],{"class":105},[73,32581,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32583,138],{"class":105},[73,32585,141],{"class":87},[73,32587,24413],{"class":91},[73,32589,141],{"class":87},[73,32591,149],{"class":105},[73,32593,32481],{"class":315},[73,32595,149],{"class":105},[73,32597,152],{"class":87},[73,32599,12707],{"class":91},[73,32601,141],{"class":87},[73,32603,229],{"class":105},[20,32605,11278],{},[30,32607,32608,32614,32620,32628],{},[33,32609,32610,32613],{},[15,32611,32612],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32615,32616,32619],{},[15,32617,32618],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32621,32622,32625,32626,24217],{},[15,32623,32624],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32627,16636],{},[33,32629,32630,32633],{},[15,32631,32632],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[59,32635,32637],{"id":32636},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32639,32640,32641,25661],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32642,5545],{},[64,32644,32646],{"className":66,"code":32645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32647,32648,32692,32696,32712],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32649,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32651,4654],{"class":79},[73,32653,84],{"class":83},[73,32655,10083],{"class":105},[73,32657,384],{"class":87},[73,32659,876],{"class":91},[73,32661,384],{"class":87},[73,32663,2475],{"class":105},[73,32665,19497],{"class":315},[73,32667,149],{"class":105},[73,32669,88],{"class":87},[73,32671,30751],{"class":91},[73,32673,384],{"class":87},[73,32675,2475],{"class":105},[73,32677,13105],{"class":315},[73,32679,149],{"class":105},[73,32681,88],{"class":87},[73,32683,18024],{"class":91},[73,32685,384],{"class":87},[73,32687,2475],{"class":105},[73,32689,28517],{"class":315},[73,32691,8901],{"class":105},[73,32693,32694],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32695,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32697,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32699,5545],{"class":646},[73,32701,21184],{"class":79},[73,32703,3469],{"class":646},[73,32705,4701],{"class":79},[73,32707,817],{"class":105},[73,32709,4945],{"class":114},[73,32711,641],{"class":105},[73,32713,32714,32716,32718,32720],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32715,7659],{"class":101},[73,32717,106],{"class":105},[73,32719,2063],{"class":114},[73,32721,854],{"class":105},[20,32723,1660],{},[64,32725,32727],{"className":66,"code":32726,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32728,32729,32734,32739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32730,32731],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32732,32733],{"class":315},"90\n",[73,32735,32736],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32737,32738],{"class":315},"85\n",[73,32740,32741],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32742,32743],{"class":315},"88\n",[20,32745,17309],{},[30,32747,32748,32751,32754],{},[33,32749,32750],{},"You only need the values",[33,32752,32753],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32755,32756],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32758,32759,32760,2468,32764,817],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[587,32761,10329,32762,10333],{"href":16673},[15,32763,16676],{},[587,32765,22074],{"href":32766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[59,32768,32770],{"id":32769},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32772,121,32773,32775],{},[15,32774,32338],{}," when you need a list.",[64,32777,32779],{"className":66,"code":32778,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32780,32781,32827,32831,32851,32855,32866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32782,32783,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32819,32821,32823,32825],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32784,32785],{"class":79},"fruit_prices ",[73,32787,84],{"class":83},[73,32789,10083],{"class":105},[73,32791,384],{"class":87},[73,32793,3666],{"class":91},[73,32795,384],{"class":87},[73,32797,2475],{"class":105},[73,32799,409],{"class":315},[73,32801,149],{"class":105},[73,32803,88],{"class":87},[73,32805,3675],{"class":91},[73,32807,384],{"class":87},[73,32809,2475],{"class":105},[73,32811,5084],{"class":315},[73,32813,149],{"class":105},[73,32815,88],{"class":87},[73,32817,32818],{"class":91},"orange",[73,32820,384],{"class":87},[73,32822,2475],{"class":105},[73,32824,414],{"class":315},[73,32826,8901],{"class":105},[73,32828,32829],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32830,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32832,32833,32836,32838,32840,32842,32845,32847,32849],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,32834,32835],{"class":79},"price_list ",[73,32837,84],{"class":83},[73,32839,22159],{"class":1270},[73,32841,106],{"class":105},[73,32843,32844],{"class":114},"fruit_prices",[73,32846,817],{"class":105},[73,32848,4945],{"class":114},[73,32850,348],{"class":105},[73,32852,32853],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,32854,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,32856,32857,32859,32861,32864],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,32858,102],{"class":101},[73,32860,106],{"class":105},[73,32862,32863],{"class":114},"price_list",[73,32865,854],{"class":105},[73,32867,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,32869,102],{"class":101},[73,32871,106],{"class":105},[73,32873,32863],{"class":114},[73,32875,138],{"class":105},[73,32877,1710],{"class":315},[73,32879,3475],{"class":105},[20,32881,1660],{},[64,32883,32885],{"className":66,"code":32884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32886,32887,32903],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32888,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32890,138],{"class":105},[73,32892,1646],{"class":315},[73,32894,149],{"class":105},[73,32896,5084],{"class":315},[73,32898,149],{"class":105},[73,32900,414],{"class":315},[73,32902,229],{"class":105},[73,32904,32905],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,32906,16655],{"class":315},[20,32908,32909],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,32911,32912,32915,32918],{},[33,32913,32914],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,32916,32917],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,32919,32920],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32922,3511,32923,32925],{},[15,32924,16636],{}," is not the same as a list.",[59,32927,32929,1011,32931,1011,32933],{"id":32928},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32930,16670],{},[15,32932,16664],{},[15,32934,16676],{},[20,32936,32937],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,32939,32940,32945,32950],{},[33,32941,32942,32944],{},[15,32943,16670],{}," returns only the values",[33,32946,32947,32949],{},[15,32948,16664],{}," returns only the keys",[33,32951,32952,32954],{},[15,32953,16676],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32956,1716],{},[64,32958,32960],{"className":66,"code":32959,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32961,32962,32998,33002,33016,33030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32963,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32965,12460],{"class":79},[73,32967,84],{"class":83},[73,32969,10083],{"class":105},[73,32971,384],{"class":87},[73,32973,115],{"class":91},[73,32975,384],{"class":87},[73,32977,2475],{"class":105},[73,32979,88],{"class":87},[73,32981,12477],{"class":91},[73,32983,384],{"class":87},[73,32985,149],{"class":105},[73,32987,88],{"class":87},[73,32989,8891],{"class":91},[73,32991,384],{"class":87},[73,32993,2475],{"class":105},[73,32995,7380],{"class":315},[73,32997,8901],{"class":105},[73,32999,33000],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33001,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,33003,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33005,102],{"class":101},[73,33007,106],{"class":105},[73,33009,13223],{"class":114},[73,33011,817],{"class":105},[73,33013,16522],{"class":114},[73,33015,348],{"class":105},[73,33017,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,33019,102],{"class":101},[73,33021,106],{"class":105},[73,33023,13223],{"class":114},[73,33025,817],{"class":105},[73,33027,4945],{"class":114},[73,33029,348],{"class":105},[73,33031,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,33033,102],{"class":101},[73,33035,106],{"class":105},[73,33037,13223],{"class":114},[73,33039,817],{"class":105},[73,33041,7400],{"class":114},[73,33043,348],{"class":105},[20,33045,1660],{},[64,33047,33049],{"className":66,"code":33048,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33050,33051,33073,33091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33052,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33054,16613],{"class":114},[73,33056,401],{"class":105},[73,33058,141],{"class":87},[73,33060,115],{"class":91},[73,33062,141],{"class":87},[73,33064,149],{"class":105},[73,33066,152],{"class":87},[73,33068,8891],{"class":91},[73,33070,141],{"class":87},[73,33072,3475],{"class":105},[73,33074,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33076,16636],{"class":114},[73,33078,401],{"class":105},[73,33080,141],{"class":87},[73,33082,12477],{"class":91},[73,33084,141],{"class":87},[73,33086,149],{"class":105},[73,33088,7380],{"class":315},[73,33090,3475],{"class":105},[73,33092,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33094,21507],{"class":114},[73,33096,9250],{"class":105},[73,33098,141],{"class":87},[73,33100,115],{"class":91},[73,33102,141],{"class":87},[73,33104,149],{"class":105},[73,33106,7380],{"class":315},[73,33108,10271],{"class":105},[20,33110,18293],{},[30,33112,33113,33120,33127],{},[33,33114,33115,33119],{},[587,33116,33117],{"href":16661},[15,33118,16664],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33121,33122,33126],{},[587,33123,33124],{"href":16667},[15,33125,16670],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33128,33129,33133],{},[587,33130,33131],{"href":16673},[15,33132,16676],{}," when you need both",[59,33135,4107],{"id":4106},[20,33137,33138,33139,817],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33140,16670],{},[292,33142,29247,33144,33146],{"id":33143},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33145,16670],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33148,33149,33151],{},[15,33150,16670],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33153,16242],{},[64,33155,33157],{"className":66,"code":33156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33158,33159,33179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33160,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33162,7899],{"class":79},[73,33164,84],{"class":83},[73,33166,528],{"class":105},[73,33168,404],{"class":315},[73,33170,149],{"class":105},[73,33172,409],{"class":315},[73,33174,149],{"class":105},[73,33176,414],{"class":315},[73,33178,229],{"class":105},[73,33180,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33182,102],{"class":101},[73,33184,106],{"class":105},[73,33186,7930],{"class":114},[73,33188,817],{"class":105},[73,33190,4945],{"class":114},[73,33192,348],{"class":105},[20,33194,33195,33196,33198],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33197,16670],{}," method.",[20,33200,33201],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[64,33203,33205],{"className":66,"code":33204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33206,33207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33208,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33210,102],{"class":101},[73,33212,106],{"class":105},[73,33214,1271],{"class":1270},[73,33216,106],{"class":105},[73,33218,7930],{"class":114},[73,33220,118],{"class":105},[20,33222,33223,33224,33226,33227,817],{},"If you get an ",[15,33225,44],{},", see ",[587,33228,25276,33229,33231],{"href":25275},[15,33230,25279],{}," errors",[292,33233,4168,33235,33237],{"id":33234},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33236,16670],{}," returns a list",[20,33239,33240],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[64,33242,33244],{"className":66,"code":33243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33245,33246,33282,33296,33300],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33247,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33249,12460],{"class":79},[73,33251,84],{"class":83},[73,33253,10083],{"class":105},[73,33255,384],{"class":87},[73,33257,115],{"class":91},[73,33259,384],{"class":87},[73,33261,2475],{"class":105},[73,33263,88],{"class":87},[73,33265,12477],{"class":91},[73,33267,384],{"class":87},[73,33269,149],{"class":105},[73,33271,88],{"class":87},[73,33273,8891],{"class":91},[73,33275,384],{"class":87},[73,33277,2475],{"class":105},[73,33279,7380],{"class":315},[73,33281,8901],{"class":105},[73,33283,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33285,3409],{"class":79},[73,33287,84],{"class":83},[73,33289,12503],{"class":79},[73,33291,817],{"class":105},[73,33293,4945],{"class":114},[73,33295,8233],{"class":105},[73,33297,33298],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33299,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,33301,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,33303,102],{"class":101},[73,33305,106],{"class":105},[73,33307,1271],{"class":1270},[73,33309,106],{"class":105},[73,33311,4945],{"class":114},[73,33313,118],{"class":105},[20,33315,1660],{},[64,33317,33319],{"className":66,"code":33318,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33320,33321],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33322,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33324,2879],{"class":83},[73,33326,2882],{"class":633},[73,33328,152],{"class":87},[73,33330,16636],{"class":91},[73,33332,141],{"class":87},[73,33334,2891],{"class":83},[20,33336,4737,33337,33339],{},[15,33338,16636],{},", not a list.",[20,33341,33342],{},"If you need a list:",[64,33344,33346],{"className":66,"code":33345,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33347,33348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33349,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33351,3409],{"class":79},[73,33353,84],{"class":83},[73,33355,22159],{"class":1270},[73,33357,106],{"class":105},[73,33359,13223],{"class":114},[73,33361,817],{"class":105},[73,33363,4945],{"class":114},[73,33365,348],{"class":105},[292,33367,33369,33370],{"id":33368},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33371,16636],{},[20,33373,33374],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[64,33376,33378],{"className":66,"code":33377,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33379,33380,33416,33430,33434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33381,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33383,12460],{"class":79},[73,33385,84],{"class":83},[73,33387,10083],{"class":105},[73,33389,384],{"class":87},[73,33391,115],{"class":91},[73,33393,384],{"class":87},[73,33395,2475],{"class":105},[73,33397,88],{"class":87},[73,33399,12477],{"class":91},[73,33401,384],{"class":87},[73,33403,149],{"class":105},[73,33405,88],{"class":87},[73,33407,8891],{"class":91},[73,33409,384],{"class":87},[73,33411,2475],{"class":105},[73,33413,7380],{"class":315},[73,33415,8901],{"class":105},[73,33417,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33419,3409],{"class":79},[73,33421,84],{"class":83},[73,33423,12503],{"class":79},[73,33425,817],{"class":105},[73,33427,4945],{"class":114},[73,33429,8233],{"class":105},[73,33431,33432],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33433,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,33435,33436],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,33437,33438],{"class":3249},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33440,33441],{},"Convert to a list first:",[64,33443,33445],{"className":66,"code":33444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33446,33447,33483,33501,33505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33448,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33450,12460],{"class":79},[73,33452,84],{"class":83},[73,33454,10083],{"class":105},[73,33456,384],{"class":87},[73,33458,115],{"class":91},[73,33460,384],{"class":87},[73,33462,2475],{"class":105},[73,33464,88],{"class":87},[73,33466,12477],{"class":91},[73,33468,384],{"class":87},[73,33470,149],{"class":105},[73,33472,88],{"class":87},[73,33474,8891],{"class":91},[73,33476,384],{"class":87},[73,33478,2475],{"class":105},[73,33480,7380],{"class":315},[73,33482,8901],{"class":105},[73,33484,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33486,3409],{"class":79},[73,33488,84],{"class":83},[73,33490,22159],{"class":1270},[73,33492,106],{"class":105},[73,33494,13223],{"class":114},[73,33496,817],{"class":105},[73,33498,4945],{"class":114},[73,33500,348],{"class":105},[73,33502,33503],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33504,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,33506,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,33508,102],{"class":101},[73,33510,106],{"class":105},[73,33512,4945],{"class":114},[73,33514,138],{"class":105},[73,33516,1710],{"class":315},[73,33518,3475],{"class":105},[292,33520,438,33522,10685,33524],{"id":33521},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33523,4945],{},[15,33525,16670],{},[20,33527,33528],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[64,33530,33532],{"className":66,"code":33531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33533,33534,33570,33574],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33535,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33537,12460],{"class":79},[73,33539,84],{"class":83},[73,33541,10083],{"class":105},[73,33543,384],{"class":87},[73,33545,115],{"class":91},[73,33547,384],{"class":87},[73,33549,2475],{"class":105},[73,33551,88],{"class":87},[73,33553,12477],{"class":91},[73,33555,384],{"class":87},[73,33557,149],{"class":105},[73,33559,88],{"class":87},[73,33561,8891],{"class":91},[73,33563,384],{"class":87},[73,33565,2475],{"class":105},[73,33567,7380],{"class":315},[73,33569,8901],{"class":105},[73,33571,33572],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33573,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33577,102],{"class":101},[73,33579,106],{"class":105},[73,33581,13223],{"class":114},[73,33583,817],{"class":105},[73,33585,4945],{"class":851},[73,33587,854],{"class":105},[20,33589,33590,33593],{},[15,33591,33592],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33595,18293],{},[64,33597,33599],{"className":66,"code":33598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33600,33601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33602,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33604,102],{"class":101},[73,33606,106],{"class":105},[73,33608,13223],{"class":114},[73,33610,817],{"class":105},[73,33612,4945],{"class":114},[73,33614,348],{"class":105},[292,33616,33618],{"id":33617},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33620,33621],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[64,33623,33625],{"className":66,"code":33624,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33626,33627,33659],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33628,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33630,8757],{"class":79},[73,33632,84],{"class":83},[73,33634,10083],{"class":105},[73,33636,384],{"class":87},[73,33638,587],{"class":91},[73,33640,384],{"class":87},[73,33642,2475],{"class":105},[73,33644,5084],{"class":315},[73,33646,149],{"class":105},[73,33648,88],{"class":87},[73,33650,4350],{"class":91},[73,33652,384],{"class":87},[73,33654,2475],{"class":105},[73,33656,409],{"class":315},[73,33658,8901],{"class":105},[73,33660,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33662,102],{"class":101},[73,33664,106],{"class":105},[73,33666,8796],{"class":114},[73,33668,817],{"class":105},[73,33670,4945],{"class":114},[73,33672,348],{"class":105},[20,33674,33675],{},"Not like this:",[64,33677,33679],{"className":66,"code":33678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33680,33681,33686,33691],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33682,33683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33684,33685],{"class":3249},"# Wrong examples:\n",[73,33687,33688],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33689,33690],{"class":3249},"# data().values()\n",[73,33692,33693],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33694,33695],{"class":3249},"# values(data)\n",[20,33697,2928],{},[64,33699,33701],{"className":66,"code":33700,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33702,33703,33717,33727,33741],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33706,102],{"class":101},[73,33708,106],{"class":105},[73,33710,1271],{"class":1270},[73,33712,106],{"class":105},[73,33714,11044],{"class":114},[73,33716,118],{"class":105},[73,33718,33719,33721,33723,33725],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,33720,102],{"class":101},[73,33722,106],{"class":105},[73,33724,11044],{"class":114},[73,33726,854],{"class":105},[73,33728,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,33730,102],{"class":101},[73,33732,106],{"class":105},[73,33734,11044],{"class":114},[73,33736,817],{"class":105},[73,33738,4945],{"class":114},[73,33740,348],{"class":105},[73,33742,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,33744,102],{"class":101},[73,33746,106],{"class":105},[73,33748,7684],{"class":1270},[73,33750,106],{"class":105},[73,33752,11044],{"class":114},[73,33754,817],{"class":105},[73,33756,4945],{"class":114},[73,33758,5878],{"class":105},[59,33760,1405],{"id":1404},[292,33762,1409,33764,1412],{"id":33763},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33765,31917],{},[20,33767,17020,33768,33770],{},[15,33769,16636],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[292,33772,12300,33774,23531],{"id":33773},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33775,16670],{},[20,33777,23534,33778,23538],{},[15,33779,33780],{},"list(...)",[292,33782,25653,33784,1424],{"id":33783},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33785,31917],{},[20,33787,33788,33789,25661],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33790,5545],{},[292,33792,12300,33794,33796],{"id":33793},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33795,31917],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33798,33799],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[292,33801,33803,33804,33806,33807,1424],{"id":33802},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33805,16670],{}," different from ",[15,33808,16676],{},[20,33810,33811,33813,33814,33816],{},[15,33812,16670],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33815,16676],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[59,33818,1461],{"id":1460},[30,33820,33821,33827,33833,33837,33843,33847],{},[33,33822,33823],{},[587,33824,10329,33825,10333],{"href":16661},[15,33826,16664],{},[33,33828,33829],{},[587,33830,10329,33831,10333],{"href":16673},[15,33832,16676],{},[33,33834,33835],{},[587,33836,10836],{"href":8983},[33,33838,33839],{},[587,33840,33842],{"href":33841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,33844,33845],{},[587,33846,23616],{"href":32766},[33,33848,33849],{},[587,33850,29945,33851],{"href":25275},[15,33852,33853],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1500,33855,33856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":33858},[33859,33860,33862,33863,33865,33866,33867,33868,33870,33881,33893],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":32087,"depth":98,"text":33861},"What values() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":32157,"depth":98,"text":33864},"What values() returns",{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":32636,"depth":98,"text":32637},{"id":32769,"depth":98,"text":32770},{"id":32928,"depth":98,"text":33869},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":33871},[33872,33874,33876,33878,33880],{"id":33143,"depth":332,"text":33873},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33234,"depth":332,"text":33875},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33368,"depth":332,"text":33877},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33521,"depth":332,"text":33879},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33617,"depth":332,"text":33618},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":33882},[33883,33885,33887,33889,33891],{"id":33763,"depth":332,"text":33884},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33773,"depth":332,"text":33886},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33783,"depth":332,"text":33888},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33793,"depth":332,"text":33890},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33802,"depth":332,"text":33892},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35112,"toc":36900},[35113,35119,35124,35127,35135,35141,35143,35223,35225,35251,35256,35261,35266,35269,35280,35283,35285,35364,35366,35392,35399,35401,35403,35428,35431,35444,35449,35451,35532,35534,35560,35569,35574,35582,35588,35595,35598,35600,35679,35682,35739,35741,35778,35784,35789,35794,35797,35811,35813,35916,35918,35961,35970,35980,35987,35993,36000,36083,36085,36108,36111,36114,36116,36120,36124,36127,36190,36213,36216,36220,36226,36228,36295,36298,36375,36380,36386,36389,36392,36438,36440,36464,36469,36473,36478,36484,36547,36550,36552,36555,36580,36583,36718,36720,36821,36823,36828,36831,36837,36847,36855,36860,36866,36872,36874,36897],[10,35114,13,35116,18],{"id":35115},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35117,35118],{},"enumerate()",[20,35120,35121,35123],{},[15,35122,35118],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35125,35126],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35128,35129,35132],{},[33,35130,35131],{},"the item itself",[33,35133,35134],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35136,35137,35138,35140],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35139,35118],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[59,35142,62],{"id":61},[64,35144,35146],{"className":66,"code":35145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35147,35148,35180,35184,35207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35149,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160,35162,35164,35166,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176,35178],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35151,12673],{"class":79},[73,35153,84],{"class":83},[73,35155,528],{"class":105},[73,35157,384],{"class":87},[73,35159,12690],{"class":91},[73,35161,384],{"class":87},[73,35163,149],{"class":105},[73,35165,88],{"class":87},[73,35167,17054],{"class":91},[73,35169,384],{"class":87},[73,35171,149],{"class":105},[73,35173,88],{"class":87},[73,35175,12707],{"class":91},[73,35177,384],{"class":87},[73,35179,229],{"class":105},[73,35181,35182],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35183,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35185,35186,35188,35191,35193,35196,35198,35201,35203,35205],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35187,5545],{"class":646},[73,35189,35190],{"class":79}," index",[73,35192,149],{"class":105},[73,35194,35195],{"class":79}," color ",[73,35197,3469],{"class":646},[73,35199,35200],{"class":101}," enumerate",[73,35202,106],{"class":105},[73,35204,17101],{"class":114},[73,35206,7933],{"class":105},[73,35208,35209,35211,35213,35216,35218,35221],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35210,7659],{"class":101},[73,35212,106],{"class":105},[73,35214,35215],{"class":114},"index",[73,35217,149],{"class":105},[73,35219,35220],{"class":114}," color",[73,35222,854],{"class":105},[20,35224,1660],{},[64,35226,35228],{"className":66,"code":35227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35229,35230,35237,35244],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35231,35232,35234],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35233,1710],{"class":315},[73,35235,35236],{"class":79}," red\n",[73,35238,35239,35241],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35240,404],{"class":315},[73,35242,35243],{"class":79}," green\n",[73,35245,35246,35248],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35247,1646],{"class":315},[73,35249,35250],{"class":79}," blue\n",[20,35252,121,35253,35255],{},[15,35254,35118],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[59,35257,236,35259,239],{"id":35258},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35260,35118],{},[20,35262,35263,35265],{},[15,35264,35118],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35267,35268],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35270,35271,35273,35275,35277],{},[33,35272,428],{},[33,35274,4890],{},[33,35276,425],{},[33,35278,35279],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35281,35282],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35284,714],{},[64,35286,35288],{"className":66,"code":35287,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35289,35290,35324,35328,35349],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35291,35292,35294,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308,35311,35313,35315,35317,35320,35322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35293,4585],{"class":79},[73,35295,84],{"class":83},[73,35297,528],{"class":105},[73,35299,384],{"class":87},[73,35301,12477],{"class":91},[73,35303,384],{"class":87},[73,35305,149],{"class":105},[73,35307,88],{"class":87},[73,35309,35310],{"class":91},"Ben",[73,35312,384],{"class":87},[73,35314,149],{"class":105},[73,35316,88],{"class":87},[73,35318,35319],{"class":91},"Cara",[73,35321,384],{"class":87},[73,35323,229],{"class":105},[73,35325,35326],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35327,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35329,35330,35332,35334,35336,35339,35341,35343,35345,35347],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35331,5545],{"class":646},[73,35333,35190],{"class":79},[73,35335,149],{"class":105},[73,35337,35338],{"class":79}," name ",[73,35340,3469],{"class":646},[73,35342,35200],{"class":101},[73,35344,106],{"class":105},[73,35346,4629],{"class":114},[73,35348,7933],{"class":105},[73,35350,35351,35353,35355,35357,35359,35362],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35352,7659],{"class":101},[73,35354,106],{"class":105},[73,35356,35215],{"class":114},[73,35358,149],{"class":105},[73,35360,35361],{"class":114}," name",[73,35363,854],{"class":105},[20,35365,1660],{},[64,35367,35369],{"className":66,"code":35368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35370,35371,35378,35385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35372,35373,35375],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35374,1710],{"class":315},[73,35376,35377],{"class":79}," Ana\n",[73,35379,35380,35382],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35381,404],{"class":315},[73,35383,35384],{"class":79}," Ben\n",[73,35386,35387,35389],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35388,1646],{"class":315},[73,35390,35391],{"class":79}," Cara\n",[20,35393,35394,35395,817],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[587,35396,35398],{"href":35397},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[59,35400,285],{"id":284},[20,35402,1750],{},[64,35404,35406],{"className":66,"code":35405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35407,35408],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35409,35410,35413,35415,35417,35419,35422,35424,35426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35411,35412],{"class":101},"enumerate",[73,35414,106],{"class":105},[73,35416,3306],{"class":114},[73,35418,149],{"class":105},[73,35420,35421],{"class":8767}," start",[73,35423,84],{"class":83},[73,35425,1710],{"class":315},[73,35427,854],{"class":105},[20,35429,35430],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35432,35433,35438],{},[33,35434,35435,35437],{},[15,35436,3306],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35439,35440,35443],{},[15,35441,35442],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35445,35446,35447,817],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35448,1710],{},[20,35450,714],{},[64,35452,35454],{"className":66,"code":35453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35455,35456,35489,35493,35516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35457,35458,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485,35487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35459,35460],{"class":79},"letters ",[73,35462,84],{"class":83},[73,35464,528],{"class":105},[73,35466,384],{"class":87},[73,35468,587],{"class":91},[73,35470,384],{"class":87},[73,35472,149],{"class":105},[73,35474,88],{"class":87},[73,35476,4350],{"class":91},[73,35478,384],{"class":87},[73,35480,149],{"class":105},[73,35482,88],{"class":87},[73,35484,9332],{"class":91},[73,35486,384],{"class":87},[73,35488,229],{"class":105},[73,35490,35491],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35492,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35494,35495,35497,35500,35502,35505,35507,35509,35511,35514],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35496,5545],{"class":646},[73,35498,35499],{"class":79}," i",[73,35501,149],{"class":105},[73,35503,35504],{"class":79}," letter ",[73,35506,3469],{"class":646},[73,35508,35200],{"class":101},[73,35510,106],{"class":105},[73,35512,35513],{"class":114},"letters",[73,35515,7933],{"class":105},[73,35517,35518,35520,35522,35525,35527,35530],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35519,7659],{"class":101},[73,35521,106],{"class":105},[73,35523,35524],{"class":114},"i",[73,35526,149],{"class":105},[73,35528,35529],{"class":114}," letter",[73,35531,854],{"class":105},[20,35533,1660],{},[64,35535,35537],{"className":66,"code":35536,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35538,35539,35546,35553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35540,35541,35543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35542,1710],{"class":315},[73,35544,35545],{"class":79}," a\n",[73,35547,35548,35550],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35549,404],{"class":315},[73,35551,35552],{"class":79}," b\n",[73,35554,35555,35557],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35556,1646],{"class":315},[73,35558,35559],{"class":79}," c\n",[20,35561,35562,35563,817],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[587,35564,13,35566,1470],{"href":35565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35567,35568],{},"range()",[59,35570,236,35572,11300],{"id":35571},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35573,35118],{},[20,35575,35576,35578,35579,817],{},[15,35577,35118],{}," returns an ",[55,35580,35581],{},"enumerate object",[20,35583,35584,35585,35587],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35586,5545],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35589,35590],{},[33,35591,35592],{},[15,35593,35594],{},"(index, item)",[20,35596,35597],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35599,714],{},[64,35601,35603],{"className":66,"code":35602,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35604,35605,35638,35642,35664],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35606,35607,35610,35612,35614,35616,35618,35620,35622,35624,35626,35628,35630,35632,35634,35636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35608,35609],{"class":79},"fruits ",[73,35611,84],{"class":83},[73,35613,528],{"class":105},[73,35615,384],{"class":87},[73,35617,3666],{"class":91},[73,35619,384],{"class":87},[73,35621,149],{"class":105},[73,35623,88],{"class":87},[73,35625,3675],{"class":91},[73,35627,384],{"class":87},[73,35629,149],{"class":105},[73,35631,88],{"class":87},[73,35633,32818],{"class":91},[73,35635,384],{"class":87},[73,35637,229],{"class":105},[73,35639,35640],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35641,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35643,35644,35646,35648,35650,35653,35655,35657,35659,35662],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35645,5545],{"class":646},[73,35647,35190],{"class":79},[73,35649,149],{"class":105},[73,35651,35652],{"class":79}," fruit ",[73,35654,3469],{"class":646},[73,35656,35200],{"class":101},[73,35658,106],{"class":105},[73,35660,35661],{"class":114},"fruits",[73,35663,7933],{"class":105},[73,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674,35677],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35667,7659],{"class":101},[73,35669,106],{"class":105},[73,35671,35215],{"class":114},[73,35673,149],{"class":105},[73,35675,35676],{"class":114}," fruit",[73,35678,854],{"class":105},[20,35680,35681],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[64,35683,35685],{"className":66,"code":35684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35686,35687,35707,35711,35729],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35688,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35690,523],{"class":79},[73,35692,84],{"class":83},[73,35694,528],{"class":105},[73,35696,1920],{"class":315},[73,35698,149],{"class":105},[73,35700,7380],{"class":315},[73,35702,149],{"class":105},[73,35704,7385],{"class":315},[73,35706,229],{"class":105},[73,35708,35709],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35710,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35712,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35714,1819],{"class":79},[73,35716,84],{"class":83},[73,35718,22159],{"class":1270},[73,35720,106],{"class":105},[73,35722,35412],{"class":101},[73,35724,106],{"class":105},[73,35726,553],{"class":114},[73,35728,118],{"class":105},[73,35730,35731,35733,35735,35737],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35732,102],{"class":101},[73,35734,106],{"class":105},[73,35736,1854],{"class":114},[73,35738,854],{"class":105},[20,35740,1660],{},[64,35742,35744],{"className":66,"code":35743,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35745,35746],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35747,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770,35772,35774,35776],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35749,21339],{"class":105},[73,35751,1710],{"class":315},[73,35753,149],{"class":105},[73,35755,5592],{"class":315},[73,35757,8825],{"class":105},[73,35759,8828],{"class":105},[73,35761,404],{"class":315},[73,35763,149],{"class":105},[73,35765,7380],{"class":315},[73,35767,8825],{"class":105},[73,35769,8828],{"class":105},[73,35771,1646],{"class":315},[73,35773,149],{"class":105},[73,35775,7385],{"class":315},[73,35777,8841],{"class":105},[20,35779,35780,35781,35783],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35782,35118],{}," produces.",[59,35785,4551,35787],{"id":35786},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35788,35118],{},[20,35790,121,35791,35793],{},[15,35792,35118],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35795,35796],{},"Common cases:",[30,35798,35799,35802,35805,35808],{},[33,35800,35801],{},"printing numbered output",[33,35803,35804],{},"building menus",[33,35806,35807],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,35809,35810],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35812,714],{},[64,35814,35816],{"className":66,"code":35815,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35817,35818,35853,35857,35887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35819,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828,35831,35833,35835,35837,35840,35842,35844,35846,35849,35851],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35821,29495],{"class":79},[73,35823,84],{"class":83},[73,35825,528],{"class":105},[73,35827,384],{"class":87},[73,35829,35830],{"class":91},"Wash dishes",[73,35832,384],{"class":87},[73,35834,149],{"class":105},[73,35836,88],{"class":87},[73,35838,35839],{"class":91},"Study Python",[73,35841,384],{"class":87},[73,35843,149],{"class":105},[73,35845,88],{"class":87},[73,35847,35848],{"class":91},"Go for a walk",[73,35850,384],{"class":87},[73,35852,229],{"class":105},[73,35854,35855],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35856,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,35858,35859,35861,35863,35865,35868,35870,35872,35874,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35860,5545],{"class":646},[73,35862,1786],{"class":79},[73,35864,149],{"class":105},[73,35866,35867],{"class":79}," task ",[73,35869,3469],{"class":646},[73,35871,35200],{"class":101},[73,35873,106],{"class":105},[73,35875,35876],{"class":114},"tasks",[73,35878,149],{"class":105},[73,35880,35421],{"class":8767},[73,35882,84],{"class":83},[73,35884,404],{"class":315},[73,35886,7933],{"class":105},[73,35888,35889,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899,35901,35903,35905,35907,35910,35912,35914],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,35890,7659],{"class":101},[73,35892,106],{"class":105},[73,35894,21893],{"class":633},[73,35896,384],{"class":91},[73,35898,8870],{"class":315},[73,35900,1829],{"class":114},[73,35902,21902],{"class":315},[73,35904,27910],{"class":91},[73,35906,8870],{"class":315},[73,35908,35909],{"class":114},"task",[73,35911,21902],{"class":315},[73,35913,384],{"class":91},[73,35915,854],{"class":105},[20,35917,1660],{},[64,35919,35921],{"className":66,"code":35920,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35922,35923,35935,35947],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35924,35925,35927,35929,35932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35926,404],{"class":315},[73,35928,817],{"class":105},[73,35930,35931],{"class":851}," Wash",[73,35933,35934],{"class":79}," dishes\n",[73,35936,35937,35939,35941,35944],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,35938,1646],{"class":315},[73,35940,817],{"class":105},[73,35942,35943],{"class":851}," Study",[73,35945,35946],{"class":79}," Python\n",[73,35948,35949,35951,35953,35956,35958],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,35950,1652],{"class":315},[73,35952,817],{"class":105},[73,35954,35955],{"class":851}," Go",[73,35957,3463],{"class":646},[73,35959,35960],{"class":79}," a walk\n",[20,35962,35963,35964,35966,35967,817],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,35965,35118],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,35968,35969],{},"range(len(...))",[20,35971,35972,35973,817],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[587,35974,35976,35977,35979],{"href":35975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,35978,35118],{}," in Python",[59,35981,35983,35984,35986],{"id":35982},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,35985,35442],{}," argument",[20,35988,35989,35990,35992],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,35991,35442],{}," argument.",[20,35994,35995,35996,10685,35998,2475],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,35997,404],{},[15,35999,1710],{},[64,36001,36003],{"className":66,"code":36002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36004,36005,36037,36041,36069],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36006,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017,36019,36021,36023,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033,36035],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36008,12673],{"class":79},[73,36010,84],{"class":83},[73,36012,528],{"class":105},[73,36014,384],{"class":87},[73,36016,12690],{"class":91},[73,36018,384],{"class":87},[73,36020,149],{"class":105},[73,36022,88],{"class":87},[73,36024,17054],{"class":91},[73,36026,384],{"class":87},[73,36028,149],{"class":105},[73,36030,88],{"class":87},[73,36032,12707],{"class":91},[73,36034,384],{"class":87},[73,36036,229],{"class":105},[73,36038,36039],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36040,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,36042,36043,36045,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36044,5545],{"class":646},[73,36046,35190],{"class":79},[73,36048,149],{"class":105},[73,36050,35195],{"class":79},[73,36052,3469],{"class":646},[73,36054,35200],{"class":101},[73,36056,106],{"class":105},[73,36058,17101],{"class":114},[73,36060,149],{"class":105},[73,36062,35421],{"class":8767},[73,36064,84],{"class":83},[73,36066,404],{"class":315},[73,36068,7933],{"class":105},[73,36070,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36072,7659],{"class":101},[73,36074,106],{"class":105},[73,36076,35215],{"class":114},[73,36078,149],{"class":105},[73,36080,35220],{"class":114},[73,36082,854],{"class":105},[20,36084,1660],{},[64,36086,36088],{"className":66,"code":36087,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36089,36090,36096,36102],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36091,36092,36094],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36093,404],{"class":315},[73,36095,35236],{"class":79},[73,36097,36098,36100],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36099,1646],{"class":315},[73,36101,35243],{"class":79},[73,36103,36104,36106],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36105,1652],{"class":315},[73,36107,35250],{"class":79},[20,36109,36110],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36112,36113],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[59,36115,1112],{"id":1111},[20,36117,24958,36118,817],{},[15,36119,35118],{},[292,36121,36123],{"id":36122},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36125,36126],{},"In this loop:",[64,36128,36130],{"className":66,"code":36129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36131,36132,36152,36156,36176],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36133,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36135,523],{"class":79},[73,36137,84],{"class":83},[73,36139,528],{"class":105},[73,36141,1920],{"class":315},[73,36143,149],{"class":105},[73,36145,7380],{"class":315},[73,36147,149],{"class":105},[73,36149,7385],{"class":315},[73,36151,229],{"class":105},[73,36153,36154],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36155,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,36157,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36159,5545],{"class":646},[73,36161,35190],{"class":79},[73,36163,149],{"class":105},[73,36165,21184],{"class":79},[73,36167,3469],{"class":646},[73,36169,35200],{"class":101},[73,36171,106],{"class":105},[73,36173,553],{"class":114},[73,36175,7933],{"class":105},[73,36177,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36179,7659],{"class":101},[73,36181,106],{"class":105},[73,36183,35215],{"class":114},[73,36185,149],{"class":105},[73,36187,8024],{"class":114},[73,36189,854],{"class":105},[30,36191,36192,36202],{},[33,36193,36194,4373,36196,995,36198,995,36200],{},[15,36195,35215],{},[15,36197,1710],{},[15,36199,404],{},[15,36201,1646],{},[33,36203,36204,4373,36206,995,36208,995,36210],{},[15,36205,2063],{},[15,36207,1920],{},[15,36209,15352],{},[15,36211,36212],{},"30",[20,36214,36215],{},"These are different things.",[292,36217,36219],{"id":36218},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36221,36222,36223,36225],{},"Each item from ",[15,36224,35118],{}," is a pair.",[20,36227,6278],{},[64,36229,36231],{"className":66,"code":36230,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36232,36233,36257,36261,36281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36234,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36236,7369],{"class":79},[73,36238,84],{"class":83},[73,36240,528],{"class":105},[73,36242,384],{"class":87},[73,36244,354],{"class":91},[73,36246,384],{"class":87},[73,36248,149],{"class":105},[73,36250,88],{"class":87},[73,36252,11340],{"class":91},[73,36254,384],{"class":87},[73,36256,229],{"class":105},[73,36258,36259],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36260,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,36262,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36264,5545],{"class":646},[73,36266,35499],{"class":79},[73,36268,149],{"class":105},[73,36270,5548],{"class":79},[73,36272,3469],{"class":646},[73,36274,35200],{"class":101},[73,36276,106],{"class":105},[73,36278,7400],{"class":114},[73,36280,7933],{"class":105},[73,36282,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36284,7659],{"class":101},[73,36286,106],{"class":105},[73,36288,35524],{"class":114},[73,36290,149],{"class":105},[73,36292,29104],{"class":114},[73,36294,854],{"class":105},[20,36296,36297],{},"But this causes an error:",[64,36299,36301],{"className":66,"code":36300,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36302,36303,36327,36331,36356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36304,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36306,7369],{"class":79},[73,36308,84],{"class":83},[73,36310,528],{"class":105},[73,36312,384],{"class":87},[73,36314,354],{"class":91},[73,36316,384],{"class":87},[73,36318,149],{"class":105},[73,36320,88],{"class":87},[73,36322,11340],{"class":91},[73,36324,384],{"class":87},[73,36326,229],{"class":105},[73,36328,36329],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36330,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,36332,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36346,36348,36350,36352,36354],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36334,5545],{"class":646},[73,36336,35499],{"class":79},[73,36338,149],{"class":105},[73,36340,29104],{"class":79},[73,36342,149],{"class":105},[73,36344,36345],{"class":79}," extra ",[73,36347,3469],{"class":646},[73,36349,35200],{"class":101},[73,36351,106],{"class":105},[73,36353,7400],{"class":114},[73,36355,7933],{"class":105},[73,36357,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36368,36370,36373],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36359,7659],{"class":101},[73,36361,106],{"class":105},[73,36363,35524],{"class":114},[73,36365,149],{"class":105},[73,36367,29104],{"class":114},[73,36369,149],{"class":105},[73,36371,36372],{"class":114}," extra",[73,36374,854],{"class":105},[20,36376,28658,36377,36379],{},[15,36378,35118],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[292,36381,36383,36385],{"id":36382},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36384,35118],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36387,36388],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36390,36391],{},"Example with a string:",[64,36393,36395],{"className":66,"code":36394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36396,36397,36423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36398,36399,36401,36403,36405,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36419,36421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36400,5545],{"class":646},[73,36402,35190],{"class":79},[73,36404,149],{"class":105},[73,36406,36407],{"class":79}," char ",[73,36409,3469],{"class":646},[73,36411,35200],{"class":101},[73,36413,106],{"class":105},[73,36415,384],{"class":87},[73,36417,36418],{"class":91},"cat",[73,36420,384],{"class":87},[73,36422,7933],{"class":105},[73,36424,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36436],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36426,7659],{"class":101},[73,36428,106],{"class":105},[73,36430,35215],{"class":114},[73,36432,149],{"class":105},[73,36434,36435],{"class":114}," char",[73,36437,854],{"class":105},[20,36439,1660],{},[64,36441,36443],{"className":66,"code":36442,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36444,36445,36451,36457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36446,36447,36449],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36448,1710],{"class":315},[73,36450,35559],{"class":79},[73,36452,36453,36455],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36454,404],{"class":315},[73,36456,35545],{"class":79},[73,36458,36459,36461],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36460,1646],{"class":315},[73,36462,36463],{"class":79}," t\n",[20,36465,36466,36467,817],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[587,36468,4727],{"href":5173},[292,36470,36472],{"id":36471},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36474,36475,36476,817],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36477,35118],{},[20,36479,36480,36481,36483],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36482,5545],{}," loop:",[64,36485,36487],{"className":66,"code":36486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36488,36489,36521,36525,36537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36490,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36492,12673],{"class":79},[73,36494,84],{"class":83},[73,36496,528],{"class":105},[73,36498,384],{"class":87},[73,36500,12690],{"class":91},[73,36502,384],{"class":87},[73,36504,149],{"class":105},[73,36506,88],{"class":87},[73,36508,17054],{"class":91},[73,36510,384],{"class":87},[73,36512,149],{"class":105},[73,36514,88],{"class":87},[73,36516,12707],{"class":91},[73,36518,384],{"class":87},[73,36520,229],{"class":105},[73,36522,36523],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36524,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,36526,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36528,5545],{"class":646},[73,36530,35195],{"class":79},[73,36532,3469],{"class":646},[73,36534,12721],{"class":79},[73,36536,5982],{"class":105},[73,36538,36539,36541,36543,36545],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36540,7659],{"class":101},[73,36542,106],{"class":105},[73,36544,32488],{"class":114},[73,36546,854],{"class":105},[20,36548,36549],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[59,36551,1207],{"id":1206},[20,36553,36554],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36556,36557,36562,36568,36573],{},[33,36558,22700,36559,36561],{},[15,36560,35118],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36563,36564,36565,36567],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36566,1710],{}," by default",[33,36569,438,36570,36572],{},[15,36571,35118],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36574,36575,36576,8295,36578],{},"Confusing ",[15,36577,35118],{},[15,36579,35568],{},[20,36581,36582],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[64,36584,36586],{"className":66,"code":36585,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36587,36588,36610,36637,36671,36704],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36589,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36591,102],{"class":101},[73,36593,106],{"class":105},[73,36595,35412],{"class":101},[73,36597,401],{"class":105},[73,36599,1920],{"class":315},[73,36601,149],{"class":105},[73,36603,7380],{"class":315},[73,36605,149],{"class":105},[73,36607,7385],{"class":315},[73,36609,417],{"class":105},[73,36611,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36613,102],{"class":101},[73,36615,106],{"class":105},[73,36617,7684],{"class":1270},[73,36619,106],{"class":105},[73,36621,35412],{"class":101},[73,36623,401],{"class":105},[73,36625,1920],{"class":315},[73,36627,149],{"class":105},[73,36629,7380],{"class":315},[73,36631,149],{"class":105},[73,36633,7385],{"class":315},[73,36635,36636],{"class":105},"])))\n",[73,36638,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36640,102],{"class":101},[73,36642,106],{"class":105},[73,36644,7684],{"class":1270},[73,36646,106],{"class":105},[73,36648,35412],{"class":101},[73,36650,401],{"class":105},[73,36652,1920],{"class":315},[73,36654,149],{"class":105},[73,36656,7380],{"class":315},[73,36658,149],{"class":105},[73,36660,7385],{"class":315},[73,36662,17661],{"class":105},[73,36664,35421],{"class":8767},[73,36666,84],{"class":83},[73,36668,404],{"class":315},[73,36670,2503],{"class":105},[73,36672,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36674,5545],{"class":646},[73,36676,35499],{"class":79},[73,36678,149],{"class":105},[73,36680,21184],{"class":79},[73,36682,3469],{"class":646},[73,36684,35200],{"class":101},[73,36686,401],{"class":105},[73,36688,141],{"class":87},[73,36690,587],{"class":91},[73,36692,141],{"class":87},[73,36694,149],{"class":105},[73,36696,152],{"class":87},[73,36698,4350],{"class":91},[73,36700,141],{"class":87},[73,36702,36703],{"class":105},"]):\n",[73,36705,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,36707,7659],{"class":101},[73,36709,106],{"class":105},[73,36711,35524],{"class":114},[73,36713,149],{"class":105},[73,36715,8024],{"class":114},[73,36717,854],{"class":105},[20,36719,16557],{},[64,36721,36723],{"className":66,"code":36722,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36724,36725,36745,36777,36809,36815],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36726,36727,36729,36731,36733,36736,36740,36743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36728,2879],{"class":83},[73,36730,35412],{"class":101},[73,36732,24217],{"class":1270},[73,36734,36735],{"class":79}," at ",[73,36737,36739],{"class":36738},"srjyR","0x",[73,36741,36742],{"class":198},"...",[73,36744,2891],{"class":83},[73,36746,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,36748,21339],{"class":105},[73,36750,1710],{"class":315},[73,36752,149],{"class":105},[73,36754,5592],{"class":315},[73,36756,8825],{"class":105},[73,36758,8828],{"class":105},[73,36760,404],{"class":315},[73,36762,149],{"class":105},[73,36764,7380],{"class":315},[73,36766,8825],{"class":105},[73,36768,8828],{"class":105},[73,36770,1646],{"class":315},[73,36772,149],{"class":105},[73,36774,7385],{"class":315},[73,36776,8841],{"class":105},[73,36778,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,36780,21339],{"class":105},[73,36782,404],{"class":315},[73,36784,149],{"class":105},[73,36786,5592],{"class":315},[73,36788,8825],{"class":105},[73,36790,8828],{"class":105},[73,36792,1646],{"class":315},[73,36794,149],{"class":105},[73,36796,7380],{"class":315},[73,36798,8825],{"class":105},[73,36800,8828],{"class":105},[73,36802,1652],{"class":315},[73,36804,149],{"class":105},[73,36806,7385],{"class":315},[73,36808,8841],{"class":105},[73,36810,36811,36813],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,36812,1710],{"class":315},[73,36814,35545],{"class":79},[73,36816,36817,36819],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,36818,404],{"class":315},[73,36820,35552],{"class":79},[59,36822,1405],{"id":1404},[292,36824,1409,36826,1412],{"id":36825},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36827,35118],{},[20,36829,36830],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[292,36832,12300,36834,36836],{"id":36833},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36835,35118],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36838,36839,36840,36842,36843,36846],{},"It starts at ",[15,36841,1710],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36844,36845],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[292,36848,21020,36850,10685,36852,1424],{"id":36849},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36851,35118],{},[15,36853,36854],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36856,35963,36857,36859],{},[15,36858,35118],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[292,36861,1446,36863,36865],{"id":36862},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36864,35118],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36867,36868,36869,36871],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36870,35118],{}," can return each character with its index.",[59,36873,1461],{"id":1460},[30,36875,36876,36880,36886,36893],{},[33,36877,36878],{},[587,36879,35398],{"href":35397},[33,36881,36882],{},[587,36883,13,36884,1470],{"href":35565},[15,36885,35568],{},[33,36887,36888],{},[587,36889,36890,36891,35979],{"href":35975},"How to use ",[15,36892,35118],{},[33,36894,36895],{},[587,36896,4804],{"href":5173},[1500,36898,36899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":36901},[36902,36903,36905,36906,36908,36910,36912,36919,36920,36930],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":35258,"depth":98,"text":36904},"What enumerate() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":35571,"depth":98,"text":36907},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35786,"depth":98,"text":36909},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":35982,"depth":98,"text":36911},"Using the start argument",{"id":1111,"depth":98,"text":1112,"children":36913},[36914,36915,36916,36918],{"id":36122,"depth":332,"text":36123},{"id":36218,"depth":332,"text":36219},{"id":36382,"depth":332,"text":36917},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36471,"depth":332,"text":36472},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":36921},[36922,36924,36926,36928],{"id":36825,"depth":332,"text":36923},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36833,"depth":332,"text":36925},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36849,"depth":332,"text":36927},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36862,"depth":332,"text":36929},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35110,"description":36931},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36938,"title":36939,"body":36940,"description":39456,"extension":1552,"meta":39457,"navigation":335,"path":39458,"seo":39459,"stem":39460,"__hash__":39461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36941,"toc":39413},[36942,36948,36953,36956,36964,36978,36980,37071,37079,37084,37089,37091,37107,37109,37188,37190,37207,37213,37217,37219,37240,37244,37247,37259,37263,37266,37269,37286,37289,37365,37367,37384,37389,37393,37401,37404,37419,37421,37510,37512,37557,37560,37564,37567,37646,37648,37670,37673,37680,37685,37688,37791,37793,37818,37821,37828,37834,37839,37842,37853,37959,37961,37982,37990,37997,38003,38022,38027,38030,38049,38051,38136,38138,38167,38170,38175,38180,38183,38194,38196,38285,38287,38307,38313,38419,38421,38441,38444,38528,38530,38550,38557,38559,38563,38569,38572,38629,38632,38635,38696,38705,38708,38711,38739,38742,38802,38804,38821,38825,38828,38906,38908,38928,38931,39006,39010,39013,39015,39024,39029,39031,39082,39090,39102,39107,39168,39170,39187,39191,39254,39256,39281,39289,39291,39297,39303,39310,39318,39324,39327,39334,39344,39350,39356,39359,39376,39382,39384,39410],[10,36943,13,36945,18],{"id":36944},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36946,36947],{},"filter()",[20,36949,36950,36952],{},[15,36951,36947],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,36954,36955],{},"It takes:",[30,36957,36958,36961],{},[33,36959,36960],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,36962,36963],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,36965,36966,36967,36970,36971,36974,36975,36977],{},"The result is ",[55,36968,36969],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,36972,36973],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,36976,24380],{}," to see the values.",[59,36979,62],{"id":61},[64,36981,36983],{"className":66,"code":36982,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,36984,36985,37018,37054],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36986,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36988,523],{"class":79},[73,36990,84],{"class":83},[73,36992,528],{"class":105},[73,36994,404],{"class":315},[73,36996,149],{"class":105},[73,36998,409],{"class":315},[73,37000,149],{"class":105},[73,37002,414],{"class":315},[73,37004,149],{"class":105},[73,37006,2047],{"class":315},[73,37008,149],{"class":105},[73,37010,4194],{"class":315},[73,37012,149],{"class":105},[73,37014,37015],{"class":315}," 6",[73,37017,229],{"class":105},[73,37019,37020,37022,37024,37027,37029,37032,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37021,1819],{"class":79},[73,37023,84],{"class":83},[73,37025,37026],{"class":101}," filter",[73,37028,106],{"class":105},[73,37030,37031],{"class":633},"lambda",[73,37033,37035],{"class":37034},"sFwrP"," x",[73,37037,2475],{"class":105},[73,37039,3466],{"class":114},[73,37041,5992],{"class":83},[73,37043,409],{"class":315},[73,37045,5997],{"class":83},[73,37047,3420],{"class":315},[73,37049,149],{"class":105},[73,37051,3851],{"class":114},[73,37053,854],{"class":105},[73,37055,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37057,102],{"class":101},[73,37059,106],{"class":105},[73,37061,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37063,106],{"class":105},[73,37065,1854],{"class":114},[73,37067,4948],{"class":105},[73,37069,37070],{"class":3249},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37072,37073,37075,37076,37078],{},[15,37074,36947],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37077,24380],{}," to see the results.",[59,37080,236,37082,239],{"id":37081},"what-filter-does",[15,37083,36947],{},[20,37085,37086,37088],{},[15,37087,36947],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37090,1697],{},[30,37092,37093,37096,37102],{},[33,37094,37095],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37097,37098,37099,37101],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37100,3190],{},", the item is kept",[33,37103,37098,37104,37106],{},[15,37105,3260],{},", the item is removed",[20,37108,714],{},[64,37110,37112],{"className":66,"code":37111,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37113,37114,37142,37146,37174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37115,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37117,523],{"class":79},[73,37119,84],{"class":83},[73,37121,528],{"class":105},[73,37123,404],{"class":315},[73,37125,149],{"class":105},[73,37127,409],{"class":315},[73,37129,149],{"class":105},[73,37131,414],{"class":315},[73,37133,149],{"class":105},[73,37135,2047],{"class":315},[73,37137,149],{"class":105},[73,37139,4194],{"class":315},[73,37141,229],{"class":105},[73,37143,37144],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37145,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37147,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37149,1819],{"class":79},[73,37151,84],{"class":83},[73,37153,37026],{"class":101},[73,37155,106],{"class":105},[73,37157,37031],{"class":633},[73,37159,37035],{"class":37034},[73,37161,2475],{"class":105},[73,37163,3466],{"class":114},[73,37165,3840],{"class":83},[73,37167,414],{"class":315},[73,37169,149],{"class":105},[73,37171,3851],{"class":114},[73,37173,854],{"class":105},[73,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37177,102],{"class":101},[73,37179,106],{"class":105},[73,37181,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37183,106],{"class":105},[73,37185,1854],{"class":114},[73,37187,118],{"class":105},[20,37189,1660],{},[64,37191,37193],{"className":66,"code":37192,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37194,37195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37196,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37198,138],{"class":105},[73,37200,2095],{"class":315},[73,37202,149],{"class":105},[73,37204,4194],{"class":315},[73,37206,229],{"class":105},[20,37208,37209,37210,37212],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37211,1652],{}," are kept.",[59,37214,37216],{"id":37215},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37218,1750],{},[64,37220,37222],{"className":66,"code":37221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37223,37224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37225,37226,37228,37230,37233,37235,37238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37227,36973],{"class":101},[73,37229,106],{"class":105},[73,37231,37232],{"class":114},"function",[73,37234,149],{"class":105},[73,37236,37237],{"class":114}," iterable",[73,37239,854],{"class":105},[292,37241,37242],{"id":37232},[15,37243,37232],{},[20,37245,37246],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37248,37249,37252],{},[33,37250,37251],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37253,37254,37255,2468,37257],{},"It should return ",[15,37256,3190],{},[15,37258,3260],{},[292,37260,37261],{"id":3306},[15,37262,3306],{},[20,37264,37265],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37267,37268],{},"It can be:",[30,37270,37271,37274,37277,37280,37283],{},[33,37272,37273],{},"a list",[33,37275,37276],{},"a tuple",[33,37278,37279],{},"a string",[33,37281,37282],{},"a set",[33,37284,37285],{},"another iterable object",[20,37287,37288],{},"Example with a tuple:",[64,37290,37292],{"className":66,"code":37291,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37293,37294,37319,37323,37351],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37295,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37297,523],{"class":79},[73,37299,84],{"class":83},[73,37301,8828],{"class":105},[73,37303,1920],{"class":315},[73,37305,149],{"class":105},[73,37307,37308],{"class":315}," 15",[73,37310,149],{"class":105},[73,37312,7380],{"class":315},[73,37314,149],{"class":105},[73,37316,8898],{"class":315},[73,37318,854],{"class":105},[73,37320,37321],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37322,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37324,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37326,1819],{"class":79},[73,37328,84],{"class":83},[73,37330,37026],{"class":101},[73,37332,106],{"class":105},[73,37334,37031],{"class":633},[73,37336,37035],{"class":37034},[73,37338,2475],{"class":105},[73,37340,3466],{"class":114},[73,37342,4689],{"class":83},[73,37344,7380],{"class":315},[73,37346,149],{"class":105},[73,37348,3851],{"class":114},[73,37350,854],{"class":105},[73,37352,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37354,102],{"class":101},[73,37356,106],{"class":105},[73,37358,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37360,106],{"class":105},[73,37362,1854],{"class":114},[73,37364,118],{"class":105},[20,37366,1660],{},[64,37368,37370],{"className":66,"code":37369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37371,37372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37373,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37375,138],{"class":105},[73,37377,15352],{"class":315},[73,37379,149],{"class":105},[73,37381,8898],{"class":315},[73,37383,229],{"class":105},[20,37385,37386,37387,817],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[587,37388,4727],{"href":5173},[59,37390,37392],{"id":37391},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37394,37395,37396,21574,37398,817],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37397,36947],{},[55,37399,37400],{},"filter object",[20,37402,37403],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37405,37406,37409,37414],{},[33,37407,37408],{},"loop through it",[33,37410,37411,37412],{},"convert it with ",[15,37413,24380],{},[33,37415,37411,37416],{},[15,37417,37418],{},"tuple()",[20,37420,714],{},[64,37422,37424],{"className":66,"code":37423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37425,37426,37468,37472,37482,37496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37427,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37429,1819],{"class":79},[73,37431,84],{"class":83},[73,37433,37026],{"class":101},[73,37435,106],{"class":105},[73,37437,37031],{"class":633},[73,37439,37035],{"class":37034},[73,37441,2475],{"class":105},[73,37443,3466],{"class":114},[73,37445,3840],{"class":83},[73,37447,409],{"class":315},[73,37449,149],{"class":105},[73,37451,528],{"class":105},[73,37453,404],{"class":315},[73,37455,149],{"class":105},[73,37457,409],{"class":315},[73,37459,149],{"class":105},[73,37461,414],{"class":315},[73,37463,149],{"class":105},[73,37465,2047],{"class":315},[73,37467,3475],{"class":105},[73,37469,37470],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37471,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37473,37474,37476,37478,37480],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37475,102],{"class":101},[73,37477,106],{"class":105},[73,37479,1854],{"class":114},[73,37481,854],{"class":105},[73,37483,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37485,102],{"class":101},[73,37487,106],{"class":105},[73,37489,1271],{"class":1270},[73,37491,106],{"class":105},[73,37493,1854],{"class":114},[73,37495,118],{"class":105},[73,37497,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,37499,102],{"class":101},[73,37501,106],{"class":105},[73,37503,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37505,106],{"class":105},[73,37507,1854],{"class":114},[73,37509,118],{"class":105},[20,37511,1660],{},[64,37513,37515],{"className":66,"code":37514,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37516,37517,37531,37545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37518,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37520,2879],{"class":83},[73,37522,36973],{"class":101},[73,37524,24217],{"class":1270},[73,37526,36735],{"class":79},[73,37528,36742],{"class":198},[73,37530,2891],{"class":83},[73,37532,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37534,2879],{"class":83},[73,37536,2882],{"class":633},[73,37538,152],{"class":87},[73,37540,36973],{"class":91},[73,37542,141],{"class":87},[73,37544,2891],{"class":83},[73,37546,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37548,138],{"class":105},[73,37550,1652],{"class":315},[73,37552,149],{"class":105},[73,37554,2047],{"class":315},[73,37556,229],{"class":105},[20,37558,37559],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[292,37561,37563],{"id":37562},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37565,37566],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[64,37568,37570],{"className":66,"code":37569,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37571,37572,37614,37618,37632],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37573,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37575,1819],{"class":79},[73,37577,84],{"class":83},[73,37579,37026],{"class":101},[73,37581,106],{"class":105},[73,37583,37031],{"class":633},[73,37585,37035],{"class":37034},[73,37587,2475],{"class":105},[73,37589,3466],{"class":114},[73,37591,3840],{"class":83},[73,37593,409],{"class":315},[73,37595,149],{"class":105},[73,37597,528],{"class":105},[73,37599,404],{"class":315},[73,37601,149],{"class":105},[73,37603,409],{"class":315},[73,37605,149],{"class":105},[73,37607,414],{"class":315},[73,37609,149],{"class":105},[73,37611,2047],{"class":315},[73,37613,3475],{"class":105},[73,37615,37616],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37617,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37619,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37621,102],{"class":101},[73,37623,106],{"class":105},[73,37625,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37627,106],{"class":105},[73,37629,1854],{"class":114},[73,37631,118],{"class":105},[73,37633,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37635,102],{"class":101},[73,37637,106],{"class":105},[73,37639,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37641,106],{"class":105},[73,37643,1854],{"class":114},[73,37645,118],{"class":105},[20,37647,1660],{},[64,37649,37651],{"className":66,"code":37650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37652,37653,37665],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37654,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37656,138],{"class":105},[73,37658,1652],{"class":315},[73,37660,149],{"class":105},[73,37662,2047],{"class":315},[73,37664,229],{"class":105},[73,37666,37667],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37668,37669],{"class":105},"[]\n",[20,37671,37672],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[59,37674,438,37676,8295,37678],{"id":37675},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37677,36947],{},[15,37679,37031],{},[20,37681,14787,37682,37684],{},[15,37683,37031],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37686,37687],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[64,37689,37691],{"className":66,"code":37690,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37692,37693,37735,37739,37777],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37694,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37731,37733],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37696,3657],{"class":79},[73,37698,84],{"class":83},[73,37700,528],{"class":105},[73,37702,384],{"class":87},[73,37704,3666],{"class":91},[73,37706,384],{"class":87},[73,37708,149],{"class":105},[73,37710,88],{"class":87},[73,37712,37713],{"class":91},"kiwi",[73,37715,384],{"class":87},[73,37717,149],{"class":105},[73,37719,88],{"class":87},[73,37721,3675],{"class":91},[73,37723,384],{"class":87},[73,37725,149],{"class":105},[73,37727,88],{"class":87},[73,37729,37730],{"class":91},"fig",[73,37732,384],{"class":87},[73,37734,229],{"class":105},[73,37736,37737],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37738,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37740,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37754,37756,37759,37761,37764,37766,37769,37771,37773,37775],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37742,1819],{"class":79},[73,37744,84],{"class":83},[73,37746,37026],{"class":101},[73,37748,106],{"class":105},[73,37750,37031],{"class":633},[73,37752,37753],{"class":37034}," word",[73,37755,2475],{"class":105},[73,37757,37758],{"class":101}," len",[73,37760,106],{"class":105},[73,37762,37763],{"class":114},"word",[73,37765,3246],{"class":105},[73,37767,37768],{"class":83}," >",[73,37770,2047],{"class":315},[73,37772,149],{"class":105},[73,37774,5756],{"class":114},[73,37776,854],{"class":105},[73,37778,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37780,102],{"class":101},[73,37782,106],{"class":105},[73,37784,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37786,106],{"class":105},[73,37788,1854],{"class":114},[73,37790,118],{"class":105},[20,37792,1660],{},[64,37794,37796],{"className":66,"code":37795,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37797,37798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37799,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37801,138],{"class":105},[73,37803,141],{"class":87},[73,37805,3666],{"class":91},[73,37807,141],{"class":87},[73,37809,149],{"class":105},[73,37811,152],{"class":87},[73,37813,3675],{"class":91},[73,37815,141],{"class":87},[73,37817,229],{"class":105},[20,37819,37820],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37822,37823,37824,817],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[587,37825,37827],{"href":37826},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[59,37829,438,37831,37833],{"id":37830},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37832,36947],{}," with a named function",[20,37835,37836,37837,817],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37838,37031],{},[20,37840,37841],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,37843,37844,37847,37850],{},[33,37845,37846],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,37848,37849],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,37851,37852],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[64,37854,37856],{"className":66,"code":37855,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37857,37858,37871,37886,37890,37922,37941,37945],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37859,37860,37862,37865,37867,37869],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37861,634],{"class":633},[73,37863,37864],{"class":637}," is_even",[73,37866,106],{"class":105},[73,37868,1829],{"class":37034},[73,37870,7933],{"class":105},[73,37872,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,37874,647],{"class":646},[73,37876,5975],{"class":79},[73,37878,5992],{"class":83},[73,37880,409],{"class":315},[73,37882,5997],{"class":83},[73,37884,37885],{"class":315}," 0\n",[73,37887,37888],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,37889,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37891,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,37893,523],{"class":79},[73,37895,84],{"class":83},[73,37897,528],{"class":105},[73,37899,404],{"class":315},[73,37901,149],{"class":105},[73,37903,409],{"class":315},[73,37905,149],{"class":105},[73,37907,414],{"class":315},[73,37909,149],{"class":105},[73,37911,2047],{"class":315},[73,37913,149],{"class":105},[73,37915,4194],{"class":315},[73,37917,149],{"class":105},[73,37919,37015],{"class":315},[73,37921,229],{"class":105},[73,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37935,37937,37939],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,37925,1819],{"class":79},[73,37927,84],{"class":83},[73,37929,37026],{"class":101},[73,37931,106],{"class":105},[73,37933,37934],{"class":114},"is_even",[73,37936,149],{"class":105},[73,37938,3851],{"class":114},[73,37940,854],{"class":105},[73,37942,37943],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,37944,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,37946,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,37948,102],{"class":101},[73,37950,106],{"class":105},[73,37952,7684],{"class":1270},[73,37954,106],{"class":105},[73,37956,1854],{"class":114},[73,37958,118],{"class":105},[20,37960,1660],{},[64,37962,37964],{"className":66,"code":37963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37965,37966],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37967,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37969,138],{"class":105},[73,37971,1646],{"class":315},[73,37973,149],{"class":105},[73,37975,2047],{"class":315},[73,37977,149],{"class":105},[73,37979,37015],{"class":315},[73,37981,229],{"class":105},[20,37983,20370,37984,1987,37987,37989],{},[15,37985,37986],{},"is_even()",[15,37988,3190],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[59,37991,438,37993,8295,37995],{"id":37992},"using-none-with-filter",[15,37994,3364],{},[15,37996,36947],{},[20,37998,37999,38000,38002],{},"You can pass ",[15,38001,3364],{}," as the first argument:",[64,38004,38006],{"className":66,"code":38005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38007,38008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38009,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38011,36973],{"class":101},[73,38013,106],{"class":105},[73,38015,3364],{"class":3438},[73,38017,149],{"class":105},[73,38019,37237],{"class":114},[73,38021,854],{"class":105},[20,38023,38024,38025,6930],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[55,38026,5183],{},[20,38028,38029],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38031,38032,38036,38041,38045],{},[33,38033,38034],{},[15,38035,1710],{},[33,38037,38038,38040],{},[15,38039,3359],{}," (empty string)",[33,38042,38043],{},[15,38044,3364],{},[33,38046,38047],{},[15,38048,3260],{},[20,38050,714],{},[64,38052,38054],{"className":66,"code":38053,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38055,38056,38100,38104,38122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38057,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38059,7369],{"class":79},[73,38061,84],{"class":83},[73,38063,528],{"class":105},[73,38065,1710],{"class":315},[73,38067,149],{"class":105},[73,38069,5084],{"class":315},[73,38071,149],{"class":105},[73,38073,5714],{"class":87},[73,38075,149],{"class":105},[73,38077,88],{"class":87},[73,38079,92],{"class":91},[73,38081,384],{"class":87},[73,38083,149],{"class":105},[73,38085,3439],{"class":3438},[73,38087,149],{"class":105},[73,38089,3502],{"class":3438},[73,38091,149],{"class":105},[73,38093,3493],{"class":3438},[73,38095,149],{"class":105},[73,38097,4194],{"class":315},[73,38099,229],{"class":105},[73,38101,38102],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38103,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38105,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38107,1819],{"class":79},[73,38109,84],{"class":83},[73,38111,37026],{"class":101},[73,38113,106],{"class":105},[73,38115,3364],{"class":3438},[73,38117,149],{"class":105},[73,38119,5553],{"class":114},[73,38121,854],{"class":105},[73,38123,38124,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38125,102],{"class":101},[73,38127,106],{"class":105},[73,38129,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38131,106],{"class":105},[73,38133,1854],{"class":114},[73,38135,118],{"class":105},[20,38137,1660],{},[64,38139,38141],{"className":66,"code":38140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38142,38143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38144,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38146,138],{"class":105},[73,38148,404],{"class":315},[73,38150,149],{"class":105},[73,38152,152],{"class":87},[73,38154,92],{"class":91},[73,38156,141],{"class":87},[73,38158,149],{"class":105},[73,38160,3502],{"class":3438},[73,38162,149],{"class":105},[73,38164,4194],{"class":315},[73,38166,229],{"class":105},[20,38168,38169],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[59,38171,4551,38173],{"id":38172},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38174,36947],{},[20,38176,121,38177,38179],{},[15,38178,36947],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38181,38182],{},"It works well for:",[30,38184,38185,38188,38191],{},[33,38186,38187],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38189,38190],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38192,38193],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38195,714],{},[64,38197,38199],{"className":66,"code":38198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38200,38201,38233,38266,38270],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38202,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38204,523],{"class":79},[73,38206,84],{"class":83},[73,38208,528],{"class":105},[73,38210,404],{"class":315},[73,38212,149],{"class":105},[73,38214,409],{"class":315},[73,38216,149],{"class":105},[73,38218,414],{"class":315},[73,38220,149],{"class":105},[73,38222,2047],{"class":315},[73,38224,149],{"class":105},[73,38226,4194],{"class":315},[73,38228,149],{"class":105},[73,38230,37015],{"class":315},[73,38232,229],{"class":105},[73,38234,38235,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38236,38237],{"class":79},"evens ",[73,38239,84],{"class":83},[73,38241,37026],{"class":101},[73,38243,106],{"class":105},[73,38245,37031],{"class":633},[73,38247,37035],{"class":37034},[73,38249,2475],{"class":105},[73,38251,3466],{"class":114},[73,38253,5992],{"class":83},[73,38255,409],{"class":315},[73,38257,5997],{"class":83},[73,38259,3420],{"class":315},[73,38261,149],{"class":105},[73,38263,3851],{"class":114},[73,38265,854],{"class":105},[73,38267,38268],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38269,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38271,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38283],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38273,102],{"class":101},[73,38275,106],{"class":105},[73,38277,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38279,106],{"class":105},[73,38281,38282],{"class":114},"evens",[73,38284,118],{"class":105},[20,38286,1660],{},[64,38288,38289],{"className":66,"code":37963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,38290,38291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38292,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38294,138],{"class":105},[73,38296,1646],{"class":315},[73,38298,149],{"class":105},[73,38300,2047],{"class":315},[73,38302,149],{"class":105},[73,38304,37015],{"class":315},[73,38306,229],{"class":105},[20,38308,38309,38310,38312],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38311,5545],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[64,38314,38316],{"className":66,"code":38315,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38317,38318,38350,38358,38362,38374,38390,38405,38409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38319,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38321,523],{"class":79},[73,38323,84],{"class":83},[73,38325,528],{"class":105},[73,38327,404],{"class":315},[73,38329,149],{"class":105},[73,38331,409],{"class":315},[73,38333,149],{"class":105},[73,38335,414],{"class":315},[73,38337,149],{"class":105},[73,38339,2047],{"class":315},[73,38341,149],{"class":105},[73,38343,4194],{"class":315},[73,38345,149],{"class":105},[73,38347,37015],{"class":315},[73,38349,229],{"class":105},[73,38351,38352,38354,38356],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38353,38237],{"class":79},[73,38355,84],{"class":83},[73,38357,7429],{"class":105},[73,38359,38360],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38361,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38363,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38365,5545],{"class":646},[73,38367,5975],{"class":79},[73,38369,3469],{"class":646},[73,38371,3851],{"class":79},[73,38373,5982],{"class":105},[73,38375,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,38377,5987],{"class":646},[73,38379,5975],{"class":79},[73,38381,5992],{"class":83},[73,38383,409],{"class":315},[73,38385,5997],{"class":83},[73,38387,3420],{"class":315},[73,38389,5982],{"class":105},[73,38391,38392,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,38393,38394],{"class":79},"        evens",[73,38396,817],{"class":105},[73,38398,564],{"class":114},[73,38400,106],{"class":105},[73,38402,1829],{"class":114},[73,38404,854],{"class":105},[73,38406,38407],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,38408,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38410,38411,38413,38415,38417],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,38412,102],{"class":101},[73,38414,106],{"class":105},[73,38416,38282],{"class":114},[73,38418,854],{"class":105},[20,38420,1660],{},[64,38422,38423],{"className":66,"code":37963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,38424,38425],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38426,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38428,138],{"class":105},[73,38430,1646],{"class":315},[73,38432,149],{"class":105},[73,38434,2047],{"class":315},[73,38436,149],{"class":105},[73,38438,37015],{"class":315},[73,38440,229],{"class":105},[20,38442,38443],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[64,38445,38447],{"className":66,"code":38446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38448,38449,38481,38514,38518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38450,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38452,523],{"class":79},[73,38454,84],{"class":83},[73,38456,528],{"class":105},[73,38458,404],{"class":315},[73,38460,149],{"class":105},[73,38462,409],{"class":315},[73,38464,149],{"class":105},[73,38466,414],{"class":315},[73,38468,149],{"class":105},[73,38470,2047],{"class":315},[73,38472,149],{"class":105},[73,38474,4194],{"class":315},[73,38476,149],{"class":105},[73,38478,37015],{"class":315},[73,38480,229],{"class":105},[73,38482,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38484,38237],{"class":79},[73,38486,84],{"class":83},[73,38488,528],{"class":105},[73,38490,1806],{"class":79},[73,38492,5545],{"class":646},[73,38494,5975],{"class":79},[73,38496,3469],{"class":646},[73,38498,38499],{"class":79}," numbers ",[73,38501,6588],{"class":646},[73,38503,5975],{"class":79},[73,38505,5992],{"class":83},[73,38507,409],{"class":315},[73,38509,5997],{"class":83},[73,38511,3420],{"class":315},[73,38513,229],{"class":105},[73,38515,38516],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38517,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38519,38520,38522,38524,38526],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38521,102],{"class":101},[73,38523,106],{"class":105},[73,38525,38282],{"class":114},[73,38527,854],{"class":105},[20,38529,1660],{},[64,38531,38532],{"className":66,"code":37963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,38533,38534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38535,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38537,138],{"class":105},[73,38539,1646],{"class":315},[73,38541,149],{"class":105},[73,38543,2047],{"class":315},[73,38545,149],{"class":105},[73,38547,37015],{"class":315},[73,38549,229],{"class":105},[20,38551,38552,38553,817],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[587,38554,38556],{"href":38555},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[59,38558,1207],{"id":1206},[20,38560,14331,38561,817],{},[15,38562,36947],{},[292,38564,8044,38566,38568],{"id":38565},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38567,36947],{}," to return a list",[20,38570,38571],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[64,38573,38575],{"className":66,"code":38574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38576,38577,38619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38578,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38580,1819],{"class":79},[73,38582,84],{"class":83},[73,38584,37026],{"class":101},[73,38586,106],{"class":105},[73,38588,37031],{"class":633},[73,38590,37035],{"class":37034},[73,38592,2475],{"class":105},[73,38594,3466],{"class":114},[73,38596,3840],{"class":83},[73,38598,409],{"class":315},[73,38600,149],{"class":105},[73,38602,528],{"class":105},[73,38604,404],{"class":315},[73,38606,149],{"class":105},[73,38608,409],{"class":315},[73,38610,149],{"class":105},[73,38612,414],{"class":315},[73,38614,149],{"class":105},[73,38616,2047],{"class":315},[73,38618,3475],{"class":105},[73,38620,38621,38623,38625,38627],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38622,102],{"class":101},[73,38624,106],{"class":105},[73,38626,1854],{"class":114},[73,38628,854],{"class":105},[20,38630,38631],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38633,38634],{},"Fix:",[64,38636,38638],{"className":66,"code":38637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38639,38640,38682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38641,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38643,1819],{"class":79},[73,38645,84],{"class":83},[73,38647,37026],{"class":101},[73,38649,106],{"class":105},[73,38651,37031],{"class":633},[73,38653,37035],{"class":37034},[73,38655,2475],{"class":105},[73,38657,3466],{"class":114},[73,38659,3840],{"class":83},[73,38661,409],{"class":315},[73,38663,149],{"class":105},[73,38665,528],{"class":105},[73,38667,404],{"class":315},[73,38669,149],{"class":105},[73,38671,409],{"class":315},[73,38673,149],{"class":105},[73,38675,414],{"class":315},[73,38677,149],{"class":105},[73,38679,2047],{"class":315},[73,38681,3475],{"class":105},[73,38683,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38685,102],{"class":101},[73,38687,106],{"class":105},[73,38689,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38691,106],{"class":105},[73,38693,1854],{"class":114},[73,38695,118],{"class":105},[292,38697,38699,38700,2468,38702,38704],{"id":38698},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38701,3190],{},[15,38703,3260],{}," clearly",[20,38706,38707],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38709,38710],{},"Good example:",[64,38712,38714],{"className":66,"code":38713,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38715,38716,38729],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38717,38718,38720,38723,38725,38727],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38719,634],{"class":633},[73,38721,38722],{"class":637}," is_positive",[73,38724,106],{"class":105},[73,38726,1829],{"class":37034},[73,38728,7933],{"class":105},[73,38730,38731,38733,38735,38737],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38732,647],{"class":646},[73,38734,5975],{"class":79},[73,38736,3840],{"class":83},[73,38738,37885],{"class":315},[20,38740,38741],{},"Then use it with:",[64,38743,38745],{"className":66,"code":38744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38746,38747,38779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38748,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38750,523],{"class":79},[73,38752,84],{"class":83},[73,38754,528],{"class":105},[73,38756,1611],{"class":83},[73,38758,1646],{"class":315},[73,38760,149],{"class":105},[73,38762,1811],{"class":83},[73,38764,404],{"class":315},[73,38766,149],{"class":105},[73,38768,3420],{"class":315},[73,38770,149],{"class":105},[73,38772,5084],{"class":315},[73,38774,149],{"class":105},[73,38776,409],{"class":315},[73,38778,229],{"class":105},[73,38780,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38796,38798,38800],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38782,102],{"class":101},[73,38784,106],{"class":105},[73,38786,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38788,106],{"class":105},[73,38790,36973],{"class":101},[73,38792,106],{"class":105},[73,38794,38795],{"class":114},"is_positive",[73,38797,149],{"class":105},[73,38799,3851],{"class":114},[73,38801,2503],{"class":105},[20,38803,1660],{},[64,38805,38807],{"className":66,"code":38806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38808,38809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38810,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38812,138],{"class":105},[73,38814,404],{"class":315},[73,38816,149],{"class":105},[73,38818,409],{"class":315},[73,38820,229],{"class":105},[292,38822,38824],{"id":38823},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38826,38827],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[64,38829,38830],{"className":66,"code":37569,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,38831,38832,38874,38878,38892],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38833,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38835,1819],{"class":79},[73,38837,84],{"class":83},[73,38839,37026],{"class":101},[73,38841,106],{"class":105},[73,38843,37031],{"class":633},[73,38845,37035],{"class":37034},[73,38847,2475],{"class":105},[73,38849,3466],{"class":114},[73,38851,3840],{"class":83},[73,38853,409],{"class":315},[73,38855,149],{"class":105},[73,38857,528],{"class":105},[73,38859,404],{"class":315},[73,38861,149],{"class":105},[73,38863,409],{"class":315},[73,38865,149],{"class":105},[73,38867,414],{"class":315},[73,38869,149],{"class":105},[73,38871,2047],{"class":315},[73,38873,3475],{"class":105},[73,38875,38876],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38877,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38879,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38881,102],{"class":101},[73,38883,106],{"class":105},[73,38885,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38887,106],{"class":105},[73,38889,1854],{"class":114},[73,38891,118],{"class":105},[73,38893,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38895,102],{"class":101},[73,38897,106],{"class":105},[73,38899,7684],{"class":1270},[73,38901,106],{"class":105},[73,38903,1854],{"class":114},[73,38905,118],{"class":105},[20,38907,1660],{},[64,38909,38910],{"className":66,"code":37650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,38911,38912,38924],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38915,138],{"class":105},[73,38917,1652],{"class":315},[73,38919,149],{"class":105},[73,38921,2047],{"class":315},[73,38923,229],{"class":105},[73,38925,38926],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38927,37669],{"class":105},[20,38929,38930],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[64,38932,38934],{"className":66,"code":38933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38935,38936,38982,38986,38996],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38937,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38939,1819],{"class":79},[73,38941,84],{"class":83},[73,38943,22159],{"class":1270},[73,38945,106],{"class":105},[73,38947,36973],{"class":101},[73,38949,106],{"class":105},[73,38951,37031],{"class":633},[73,38953,37035],{"class":37034},[73,38955,2475],{"class":105},[73,38957,3466],{"class":114},[73,38959,3840],{"class":83},[73,38961,409],{"class":315},[73,38963,149],{"class":105},[73,38965,528],{"class":105},[73,38967,404],{"class":315},[73,38969,149],{"class":105},[73,38971,409],{"class":315},[73,38973,149],{"class":105},[73,38975,414],{"class":315},[73,38977,149],{"class":105},[73,38979,2047],{"class":315},[73,38981,417],{"class":105},[73,38983,38984],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,38985,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,38987,38988,38990,38992,38994],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,38989,102],{"class":101},[73,38991,106],{"class":105},[73,38993,1854],{"class":114},[73,38995,854],{"class":105},[73,38997,38998,39000,39002,39004],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,38999,102],{"class":101},[73,39001,106],{"class":105},[73,39003,1854],{"class":114},[73,39005,854],{"class":105},[292,39007,39009],{"id":39008},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39011,39012],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39014,16242],{},[64,39016,39018],{"className":66,"code":39017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39019,39020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39021,39022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39023,39017],{"class":3249},[20,39025,39026,39027,6141],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39028,1920],{},[20,39030,16254],{},[64,39032,39034],{"className":66,"code":39033,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39035,39036],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39037,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39039,102],{"class":101},[73,39041,106],{"class":105},[73,39043,7684],{"class":1270},[73,39045,106],{"class":105},[73,39047,36973],{"class":101},[73,39049,106],{"class":105},[73,39051,37031],{"class":633},[73,39053,37035],{"class":37034},[73,39055,2475],{"class":105},[73,39057,3466],{"class":114},[73,39059,3840],{"class":83},[73,39061,409],{"class":315},[73,39063,149],{"class":105},[73,39065,528],{"class":105},[73,39067,404],{"class":315},[73,39069,149],{"class":105},[73,39071,409],{"class":315},[73,39073,149],{"class":105},[73,39075,414],{"class":315},[73,39077,149],{"class":105},[73,39079,2047],{"class":315},[73,39081,36636],{"class":105},[292,39083,36575,39085,8295,39087],{"id":39084},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39086,36947],{},[15,39088,39089],{},"map()",[30,39091,39092,39097],{},[33,39093,39094,39096],{},[15,39095,36947],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39098,39099,39101],{},[15,39100,39089],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39103,39104,39105,2475],{},"Example of ",[15,39106,36947],{},[64,39108,39110],{"className":66,"code":39109,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39111,39112,39136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39113,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39115,523],{"class":79},[73,39117,84],{"class":83},[73,39119,528],{"class":105},[73,39121,404],{"class":315},[73,39123,149],{"class":105},[73,39125,409],{"class":315},[73,39127,149],{"class":105},[73,39129,414],{"class":315},[73,39131,149],{"class":105},[73,39133,2047],{"class":315},[73,39135,229],{"class":105},[73,39137,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39139,102],{"class":101},[73,39141,106],{"class":105},[73,39143,7684],{"class":1270},[73,39145,106],{"class":105},[73,39147,36973],{"class":101},[73,39149,106],{"class":105},[73,39151,37031],{"class":633},[73,39153,37035],{"class":37034},[73,39155,2475],{"class":105},[73,39157,3466],{"class":114},[73,39159,3840],{"class":83},[73,39161,409],{"class":315},[73,39163,149],{"class":105},[73,39165,3851],{"class":114},[73,39167,2503],{"class":105},[20,39169,1660],{},[64,39171,39173],{"className":66,"code":39172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39174,39175],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39176,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39178,138],{"class":105},[73,39180,1652],{"class":315},[73,39182,149],{"class":105},[73,39184,2047],{"class":315},[73,39186,229],{"class":105},[20,39188,39104,39189,2475],{},[15,39190,39089],{},[64,39192,39194],{"className":66,"code":39193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39195,39196,39220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39199,523],{"class":79},[73,39201,84],{"class":83},[73,39203,528],{"class":105},[73,39205,404],{"class":315},[73,39207,149],{"class":105},[73,39209,409],{"class":315},[73,39211,149],{"class":105},[73,39213,414],{"class":315},[73,39215,149],{"class":105},[73,39217,2047],{"class":315},[73,39219,229],{"class":105},[73,39221,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39246,39248,39250,39252],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39223,102],{"class":101},[73,39225,106],{"class":105},[73,39227,7684],{"class":1270},[73,39229,106],{"class":105},[73,39231,39232],{"class":101},"map",[73,39234,106],{"class":105},[73,39236,37031],{"class":633},[73,39238,37035],{"class":37034},[73,39240,2475],{"class":105},[73,39242,3466],{"class":114},[73,39244,39245],{"class":83},"*",[73,39247,409],{"class":315},[73,39249,149],{"class":105},[73,39251,3851],{"class":114},[73,39253,2503],{"class":105},[20,39255,1660],{},[64,39257,39259],{"className":66,"code":39258,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39260,39261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39262,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39264,138],{"class":105},[73,39266,1646],{"class":315},[73,39268,149],{"class":105},[73,39270,2047],{"class":315},[73,39272,149],{"class":105},[73,39274,37015],{"class":315},[73,39276,149],{"class":105},[73,39278,5948],{"class":315},[73,39280,229],{"class":105},[20,39282,39283,39284,817],{},"For the related function, see ",[587,39285,13,39287,1470],{"href":39286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39288,39089],{},[59,39290,1405],{"id":1404},[292,39292,12300,39294,39296],{"id":39293},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39295,36947],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39298,39299,39300,39302],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39301,24380],{}," if needed.",[292,39304,39306,39307,39309],{"id":39305},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39308,36947],{}," need to return?",[20,39311,37254,39312,39314,39315,39317],{},[15,39313,3190],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39316,3260],{}," to remove it.",[292,39319,27925,39321,39323],{"id":39320},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39322,36947],{}," without lambda?",[20,39325,39326],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[292,39328,1409,39330,39333],{"id":39329},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39331,39332],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39335,39336,39337,39339,39340,1002,39342,817],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39338,1710],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39341,3364],{},[15,39343,3260],{},[292,39345,21020,39347,39349],{"id":39346},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39348,36947],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39351,39352,39353,39355],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39354,5545],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39357,39358],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39360,39361,39367,39373],{},[33,39362,39363,39364,39366],{},"use ",[15,39365,36947],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39368,39369,39370,39372],{},"use a ",[15,39371,5545],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39374,39375],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39377,39378,39379,817],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[587,39380,4723],{"href":39381},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[59,39383,1461],{"id":1460},[30,39385,39386,39391,39395,39400,39406],{},[33,39387,39388],{},[587,39389,39390],{"href":37826},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39392,39393],{},[587,39394,4809],{"href":39381},[33,39396,39397],{},[587,39398,39399],{"href":38555},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39401,39402],{},[587,39403,13,39404,1470],{"href":39286},[15,39405,39089],{},[33,39407,39408],{},[587,39409,4804],{"href":5173},[1500,39411,39412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":39414},[39415,39416,39418,39422,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39443,39455],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":37081,"depth":98,"text":39417},"What filter() does",{"id":37215,"depth":98,"text":37216,"children":39419},[39420,39421],{"id":37232,"depth":332,"text":37232},{"id":3306,"depth":332,"text":3306},{"id":37391,"depth":98,"text":37392,"children":39423},[39424],{"id":37562,"depth":332,"text":37563},{"id":37675,"depth":98,"text":39426},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37830,"depth":98,"text":39428},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":37992,"depth":98,"text":39430},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38172,"depth":98,"text":39432},"When to use filter()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":39434},[39435,39437,39439,39440,39441],{"id":38565,"depth":332,"text":39436},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38698,"depth":332,"text":39438},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38823,"depth":332,"text":38824},{"id":39008,"depth":332,"text":39009},{"id":39084,"depth":332,"text":39442},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":39444},[39445,39447,39449,39451,39453],{"id":39293,"depth":332,"text":39446},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39305,"depth":332,"text":39448},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39320,"depth":332,"text":39450},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39329,"depth":332,"text":39452},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39346,"depth":332,"text":39454},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36939,"description":39456},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39463,"title":39464,"body":39465,"description":41618,"extension":1552,"meta":41619,"navigation":335,"path":41620,"seo":41621,"stem":41622,"__hash__":41623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39466,"toc":41572},[39467,39470,39475,39481,39483,39535,39537,39556,39561,39565,39570,39573,39588,39591,39613,39615,39664,39666,39690,39692,39694,39709,39714,39722,39737,39739,39748,39751,39786,39790,39795,39799,39806,39841,39843,39859,39863,39866,39907,39909,39923,39927,39930,39954,39956,39965,39969,39972,40005,40007,40020,40024,40030,40049,40051,40059,40063,40068,40072,40078,40101,40103,40132,40135,40154,40158,40161,40188,40190,40224,40228,40231,40255,40259,40270,40272,40277,40283,40285,40369,40371,40413,40416,40420,40427,40436,40492,40499,40508,40513,40517,40588,40590,40599,40603,40606,40650,40652,40661,40665,40671,40721,40725,40730,40734,40758,40760,40769,40773,40797,40799,40810,40814,40838,40840,40849,40852,40869,40875,40879,40885,40888,40893,40896,40917,40919,40951,40954,40959,40961,40972,40974,41018,41022,41029,41081,41083,41092,41096,41099,41192,41195,41219,41223,41226,41318,41323,41327,41334,41339,41363,41365,41374,41379,41402,41404,41412,41419,41442,41450,41452,41465,41475,41477,41481,41488,41492,41501,41505,41512,41516,41520,41524,41537,41539,41569],[10,39468,39464],{"id":39469},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39471,8714,39472,39474],{},[15,39473,2474],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39476,39477,39478,39480],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39479,2474],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[59,39482,62],{"id":61},[64,39484,39486],{"className":66,"code":39485,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39487,39488,39502,39521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39489,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39491,102],{"class":101},[73,39493,106],{"class":105},[73,39495,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39497,106],{"class":105},[73,39499,1727],{"class":315},[73,39501,118],{"class":105},[73,39503,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39517,39519],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39505,102],{"class":101},[73,39507,106],{"class":105},[73,39509,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39511,106],{"class":105},[73,39513,384],{"class":87},[73,39515,39516],{"class":91},"3.14",[73,39518,384],{"class":87},[73,39520,118],{"class":105},[73,39522,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,39524,102],{"class":101},[73,39526,106],{"class":105},[73,39528,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39530,106],{"class":105},[73,39532,3190],{"class":3438},[73,39534,118],{"class":105},[20,39536,1660],{},[64,39538,39540],{"className":66,"code":39539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39541,39542,39546,39551],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39543,39544],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39545,2070],{"class":315},[73,39547,39548],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39549,39550],{"class":315},"3.14\n",[73,39552,39553],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,39554,39555],{"class":315},"1.0\n",[20,39557,121,39558,39560],{},[15,39559,2474],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[59,39562,39564],{"id":39563},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39566,39567,39569],{},[15,39568,2474],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39571,39572],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39574,39575,39579,39583],{},[33,39576,39577],{},[15,39578,2082],{},[33,39580,39581],{},[15,39582,39516],{},[33,39584,39585],{},[15,39586,39587],{},"0.5",[20,39589,39590],{},"A few key points:",[30,39592,39593,39600,39603,39606],{},[33,39594,39595,39597,39598],{},[15,39596,2474],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39599,1781],{},[33,39601,39602],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,39604,39605],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,39607,39608,39609],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[587,39610,39611],{"href":7810},[15,39612,2549],{},[20,39614,714],{},[64,39616,39618],{"className":66,"code":39617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39619,39620,39640,39650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39621,39622,39624,39626,39629,39631,39633,39636,39638],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39623,1806],{"class":79},[73,39625,84],{"class":83},[73,39627,39628],{"class":1270}," float",[73,39630,106],{"class":105},[73,39632,384],{"class":87},[73,39634,39635],{"class":91},"2.75",[73,39637,384],{"class":87},[73,39639,854],{"class":105},[73,39641,39642,39644,39646,39648],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39643,102],{"class":101},[73,39645,106],{"class":105},[73,39647,1829],{"class":114},[73,39649,854],{"class":105},[73,39651,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,39653,102],{"class":101},[73,39655,106],{"class":105},[73,39657,1271],{"class":1270},[73,39659,106],{"class":105},[73,39661,1829],{"class":114},[73,39663,118],{"class":105},[20,39665,1660],{},[64,39667,39669],{"className":66,"code":39668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39670,39671,39676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39672,39673],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39674,39675],{"class":315},"2.75\n",[73,39677,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39679,2879],{"class":83},[73,39681,2882],{"class":633},[73,39683,152],{"class":87},[73,39685,1781],{"class":91},[73,39687,141],{"class":87},[73,39689,2891],{"class":83},[59,39691,285],{"id":284},[20,39693,6808],{},[64,39695,39697],{"className":66,"code":39696,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"float(value)\n",[15,39698,39699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39700,39701,39703,39705,39707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39702,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39704,106],{"class":105},[73,39706,2063],{"class":114},[73,39708,854],{"class":105},[20,39710,39711,39712,817],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39713,2474],{},[20,39715,39716,39717,39719,39720,2475],{},"If you call ",[15,39718,2474],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39721,3354],{},[64,39723,39725],{"className":66,"code":39724,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float())\n",[15,39726,39727],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39728,39729,39731,39733,39735],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39730,102],{"class":101},[73,39732,106],{"class":105},[73,39734,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39736,348],{"class":105},[20,39738,1660],{},[64,39740,39742],{"className":66,"code":39741,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0.0\n",[15,39743,39744],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39745,39746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39747,39741],{"class":315},[20,39749,39750],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[64,39752,39754],{"className":66,"code":39753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39755,39756,39776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39757,39758,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39772,39774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39759,39760],{"class":79},"price ",[73,39762,84],{"class":83},[73,39764,39628],{"class":1270},[73,39766,106],{"class":105},[73,39768,384],{"class":87},[73,39770,39771],{"class":91},"19.99",[73,39773,384],{"class":87},[73,39775,854],{"class":105},[73,39777,39778,39780,39782,39784],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39779,102],{"class":101},[73,39781,106],{"class":105},[73,39783,24749],{"class":114},[73,39785,854],{"class":105},[59,39787,39789],{"id":39788},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39791,39792,39794],{},[15,39793,2474],{}," can convert several common value types.",[292,39796,39798],{"id":39797},"integers","Integers",[20,39800,39801,39802,39805],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39803,39804],{},".0"," added:",[64,39807,39809],{"className":66,"code":39808,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39810,39811,39825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39812,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39814,102],{"class":101},[73,39816,106],{"class":105},[73,39818,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39820,106],{"class":105},[73,39822,1727],{"class":315},[73,39824,118],{"class":105},[73,39826,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39828,102],{"class":101},[73,39830,106],{"class":105},[73,39832,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39834,106],{"class":105},[73,39836,1611],{"class":83},[73,39838,1646],{"class":315},[73,39840,118],{"class":105},[20,39842,1660],{},[64,39844,39846],{"className":66,"code":39845,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39847,39848,39852],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39849,39850],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39851,2070],{"class":315},[73,39853,39854,39856],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39855,1611],{"class":83},[73,39857,39858],{"class":315},"2.0\n",[292,39860,39862],{"id":39861},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39864,39865],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[64,39867,39869],{"className":66,"code":39868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39870,39871,39889],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39872,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39874,102],{"class":101},[73,39876,106],{"class":105},[73,39878,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39880,106],{"class":105},[73,39882,384],{"class":87},[73,39884,39516],{"class":91},[73,39886,384],{"class":87},[73,39888,118],{"class":105},[73,39890,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39892,102],{"class":101},[73,39894,106],{"class":105},[73,39896,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39898,106],{"class":105},[73,39900,384],{"class":87},[73,39902,1920],{"class":91},[73,39904,384],{"class":87},[73,39906,118],{"class":105},[20,39908,1660],{},[64,39910,39912],{"className":66,"code":39911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39913,39914,39918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39915,39916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39917,39550],{"class":315},[73,39919,39920],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39921,39922],{"class":315},"10.0\n",[292,39924,39926],{"id":39925},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39928,39929],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[64,39931,39933],{"className":66,"code":39932,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39934,39935],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39936,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947,39950,39952],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39938,102],{"class":101},[73,39940,106],{"class":105},[73,39942,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39944,106],{"class":105},[73,39946,384],{"class":87},[73,39948,39949],{"class":91},"  8.5  ",[73,39951,384],{"class":87},[73,39953,118],{"class":105},[20,39955,1660],{},[64,39957,39959],{"className":66,"code":39958,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8.5\n",[15,39960,39961],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39962,39963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39964,39958],{"class":315},[292,39966,39968],{"id":39967},"booleans","Booleans",[20,39970,39971],{},"Boolean values also work:",[64,39973,39975],{"className":66,"code":39974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,39976,39977,39991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39980,102],{"class":101},[73,39982,106],{"class":105},[73,39984,1781],{"class":1270},[73,39986,106],{"class":105},[73,39988,3190],{"class":3438},[73,39990,118],{"class":105},[73,39992,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,39994,102],{"class":101},[73,39996,106],{"class":105},[73,39998,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40000,106],{"class":105},[73,40002,3260],{"class":3438},[73,40004,118],{"class":105},[20,40006,1660],{},[64,40008,40010],{"className":66,"code":40009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40011,40012,40016],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40013,40014],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40015,39555],{"class":315},[73,40017,40018],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40019,39741],{"class":315},[292,40021,40023],{"id":40022},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40025,40026,40027,40029],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40028,2474],{}," returns a float version of it:",[64,40031,40033],{"className":66,"code":40032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40034,40035],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40036,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40038,102],{"class":101},[73,40040,106],{"class":105},[73,40042,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40044,106],{"class":105},[73,40046,1952],{"class":315},[73,40048,118],{"class":105},[20,40050,1660],{},[64,40052,40053],{"className":66,"code":1976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,40054,40055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40056,40057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40058,1976],{"class":315},[59,40060,40062],{"id":40061},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40064,40065,40066,817],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40067,2474],{},[292,40069,40071],{"id":40070},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40073,40074,40075,2475],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40076,40077],{},"ValueError",[64,40079,40081],{"className":66,"code":40080,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40082,40083],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40084,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40086,102],{"class":101},[73,40088,106],{"class":105},[73,40090,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40092,106],{"class":105},[73,40094,384],{"class":87},[73,40096,92],{"class":91},[73,40098,384],{"class":87},[73,40100,118],{"class":105},[20,40102,29278],{},[64,40104,40106],{"className":66,"code":40105,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40107,40108],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40109,40110,40112,40114,40117,40119,40122,40124,40126,40128,40130],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40111,40077],{"class":1270},[73,40113,2475],{"class":105},[73,40115,40116],{"class":79}," could ",[73,40118,806],{"class":83},[73,40120,40121],{"class":79}," convert string to ",[73,40123,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40125,2475],{"class":105},[73,40127,152],{"class":87},[73,40129,92],{"class":91},[73,40131,29297],{"class":87},[20,40133,40134],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[64,40136,40138],{"className":66,"code":40137,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40139,40140],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40141,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40143,102],{"class":101},[73,40145,106],{"class":105},[73,40147,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40149,106],{"class":105},[73,40151,5860],{"class":87},[73,40153,118],{"class":105},[292,40155,40157],{"id":40156},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40159,40160],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[64,40162,40164],{"className":66,"code":40163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40165,40166],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40167,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40169,102],{"class":101},[73,40171,106],{"class":105},[73,40173,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40175,401],{"class":105},[73,40177,404],{"class":315},[73,40179,149],{"class":105},[73,40181,409],{"class":315},[73,40183,149],{"class":105},[73,40185,414],{"class":315},[73,40187,417],{"class":105},[20,40189,29278],{},[64,40191,40193],{"className":66,"code":40192,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40194,40195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40208,40211,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40198,2594],{"class":1270},[73,40200,2475],{"class":105},[73,40202,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40204,6956],{"class":105},[73,40206,40207],{"class":79}," argument must be a string ",[73,40209,40210],{"class":83},"or",[73,40212,40213],{"class":79}," a real number",[73,40215,149],{"class":105},[73,40217,7690],{"class":83},[73,40219,152],{"class":87},[73,40221,7684],{"class":91},[73,40223,29297],{"class":87},[292,40225,40227],{"id":40226},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40229,40230],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[64,40232,40234],{"className":66,"code":40233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40235,40236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40237,40238,40240,40242,40244,40246,40248,40251,40253],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40239,102],{"class":101},[73,40241,106],{"class":105},[73,40243,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40245,106],{"class":105},[73,40247,384],{"class":87},[73,40249,40250],{"class":91},"3,14",[73,40252,384],{"class":87},[73,40254,118],{"class":105},[20,40256,2591,40257,817],{},[15,40258,40077],{},[20,40260,40261,40262,355,40266,817],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[587,40263,40265],{"href":40264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[587,40267,40269],{"href":40268},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[59,40271,17017],{"id":17016},[20,40273,40274,40276],{},[15,40275,2474],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40278,40279,40280,40282],{},"It does ",[55,40281,806],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40284,714],{},[64,40286,40288],{"className":66,"code":40287,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40289,40290,40303,40317,40321,40331,40341,40355],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40291,40292,40294,40296,40298,40301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40293,461],{"class":79},[73,40295,84],{"class":83},[73,40297,88],{"class":87},[73,40299,40300],{"class":91},"6.5",[73,40302,95],{"class":87},[73,40304,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40306,1806],{"class":79},[73,40308,84],{"class":83},[73,40310,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40312,106],{"class":105},[73,40314,482],{"class":114},[73,40316,854],{"class":105},[73,40318,40319],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40320,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,40322,40323,40325,40327,40329],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40324,102],{"class":101},[73,40326,106],{"class":105},[73,40328,482],{"class":114},[73,40330,854],{"class":105},[73,40332,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,40334,102],{"class":101},[73,40336,106],{"class":105},[73,40338,1829],{"class":114},[73,40340,854],{"class":105},[73,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,40344,102],{"class":101},[73,40346,106],{"class":105},[73,40348,1271],{"class":1270},[73,40350,106],{"class":105},[73,40352,482],{"class":114},[73,40354,118],{"class":105},[73,40356,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365,40367],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,40358,102],{"class":101},[73,40360,106],{"class":105},[73,40362,1271],{"class":1270},[73,40364,106],{"class":105},[73,40366,1829],{"class":114},[73,40368,118],{"class":105},[20,40370,1660],{},[64,40372,40374],{"className":66,"code":40373,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40375,40376,40381,40385,40399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40377,40378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40379,40380],{"class":315},"6.5\n",[73,40382,40383],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40384,40380],{"class":315},[73,40386,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40388,2879],{"class":83},[73,40390,2882],{"class":633},[73,40392,152],{"class":87},[73,40394,3031],{"class":91},[73,40396,141],{"class":87},[73,40398,2891],{"class":83},[73,40400,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40402,2879],{"class":83},[73,40404,2882],{"class":633},[73,40406,152],{"class":87},[73,40408,1781],{"class":91},[73,40410,141],{"class":87},[73,40412,2891],{"class":83},[20,40414,40415],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[59,40417,40419],{"id":40418},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[292,40421,40423,40424,40426],{"id":40422},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40425,2549],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40428,1569,40429,40433,40434,817],{},[587,40430,40431,1892],{"href":7810},[15,40432,2549],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40435,2474],{},[64,40437,40439],{"className":66,"code":40438,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40440,40441,40460,40474,40478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40442,40443,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453,40456,40458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40444,7828],{"class":79},[73,40446,84],{"class":83},[73,40448,7833],{"class":101},[73,40450,106],{"class":105},[73,40452,384],{"class":87},[73,40454,40455],{"class":91},"Enter a price: ",[73,40457,384],{"class":87},[73,40459,854],{"class":105},[73,40461,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470,40472],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40463,39760],{"class":79},[73,40465,84],{"class":83},[73,40467,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40469,106],{"class":105},[73,40471,7857],{"class":114},[73,40473,854],{"class":105},[73,40475,40476],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40477,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40481,102],{"class":101},[73,40483,106],{"class":105},[73,40485,39760],{"class":114},[73,40487,39245],{"class":83},[73,40489,409],{"class":315},[73,40491,854],{"class":105},[20,40493,40494,40495,40498],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40496,40497],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[64,40500,40502],{"className":66,"code":40501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"9.0\n",[15,40503,40504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40505,40506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40507,40501],{"class":315},[20,40509,40510,40511,817],{},"For more help with this, see ",[587,40512,8572],{"href":8571},[292,40514,40516],{"id":40515},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[64,40518,40520],{"className":66,"code":40519,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40521,40522,40535,40548,40552,40577],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40523,40524,40526,40528,40530,40533],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40525,2145],{"class":79},[73,40527,84],{"class":83},[73,40529,88],{"class":87},[73,40531,40532],{"class":91},"2.5",[73,40534,95],{"class":87},[73,40536,40537,40539,40541,40543,40546],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40538,2173],{"class":79},[73,40540,84],{"class":83},[73,40542,88],{"class":87},[73,40544,40545],{"class":91},"1.5",[73,40547,95],{"class":87},[73,40549,40550],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40551,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,40553,40554,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40555,40556],{"class":79},"total ",[73,40558,84],{"class":83},[73,40560,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40562,106],{"class":105},[73,40564,587],{"class":114},[73,40566,3246],{"class":105},[73,40568,2044],{"class":83},[73,40570,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40572,106],{"class":105},[73,40574,4350],{"class":114},[73,40576,854],{"class":105},[73,40578,40579,40581,40583,40586],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,40580,102],{"class":101},[73,40582,106],{"class":105},[73,40584,40585],{"class":114},"total",[73,40587,854],{"class":105},[20,40589,1660],{},[64,40591,40593],{"className":66,"code":40592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4.0\n",[15,40594,40595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40596,40597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40598,40592],{"class":315},[292,40600,40602],{"id":40601},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40604,40605],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[64,40607,40609],{"className":66,"code":40608,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40610,40611,40621,40636,40640],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40612,40613,40616,40618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40614,40615],{"class":79},"count ",[73,40617,84],{"class":83},[73,40619,40620],{"class":315}," 7\n",[73,40622,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631,40634],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40624,1819],{"class":79},[73,40626,84],{"class":83},[73,40628,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40630,106],{"class":105},[73,40632,40633],{"class":114},"count",[73,40635,854],{"class":105},[73,40637,40638],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40639,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,40641,40642,40644,40646,40648],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40643,102],{"class":101},[73,40645,106],{"class":105},[73,40647,1854],{"class":114},[73,40649,854],{"class":105},[20,40651,1660],{},[64,40653,40655],{"className":66,"code":40654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.0\n",[15,40656,40657],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40658,40659],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40660,40654],{"class":315},[292,40662,40664],{"id":40663},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40666,40667,40668,40670],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40669,2474],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[64,40672,40674],{"className":66,"code":40673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40675,40676,40690,40706,40710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40677,40678,40681,40683,40685,40688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40679,40680],{"class":79},"temperature_text ",[73,40682,84],{"class":83},[73,40684,88],{"class":87},[73,40686,40687],{"class":91},"21.8",[73,40689,95],{"class":87},[73,40691,40692,40695,40697,40699,40701,40704],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40693,40694],{"class":79},"temperature ",[73,40696,84],{"class":83},[73,40698,39628],{"class":1270},[73,40700,106],{"class":105},[73,40702,40703],{"class":114},"temperature_text",[73,40705,854],{"class":105},[73,40707,40708],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,40709,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,40711,40712,40714,40716,40719],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,40713,102],{"class":101},[73,40715,106],{"class":105},[73,40717,40718],{"class":114},"temperature",[73,40720,854],{"class":105},[59,40722,40724],{"id":40723},"special-values","Special values",[20,40726,40727,40729],{},[15,40728,2474],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[292,40731,40733],{"id":40732},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[64,40735,40737],{"className":66,"code":40736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40738,40739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40740,40741,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751,40754,40756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40742,102],{"class":101},[73,40744,106],{"class":105},[73,40746,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40748,106],{"class":105},[73,40750,384],{"class":87},[73,40752,40753],{"class":91},"inf",[73,40755,384],{"class":87},[73,40757,118],{"class":105},[20,40759,1660],{},[64,40761,40763],{"className":66,"code":40762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"inf\n",[15,40764,40765],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40766,40767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40768,40762],{"class":79},[292,40770,40772],{"id":40771},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[64,40774,40776],{"className":66,"code":40775,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40777,40778],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40779,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40793,40795],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40781,102],{"class":101},[73,40783,106],{"class":105},[73,40785,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40787,106],{"class":105},[73,40789,384],{"class":87},[73,40791,40792],{"class":91},"-inf",[73,40794,384],{"class":87},[73,40796,118],{"class":105},[20,40798,1660],{},[64,40800,40802],{"className":66,"code":40801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-inf\n",[15,40803,40804],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40805,40806,40808],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40807,1611],{"class":83},[73,40809,40762],{"class":79},[292,40811,40813],{"id":40812},"not-a-number","Not a number",[64,40815,40817],{"className":66,"code":40816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40818,40819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40834,40836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40822,102],{"class":101},[73,40824,106],{"class":105},[73,40826,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40828,106],{"class":105},[73,40830,384],{"class":87},[73,40832,40833],{"class":91},"nan",[73,40835,384],{"class":87},[73,40837,118],{"class":105},[20,40839,1660],{},[64,40841,40843],{"className":66,"code":40842,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nan\n",[15,40844,40845],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40846,40847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40848,40842],{"class":79},[20,40850,40851],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,40853,40854,40859,40864],{},[33,40855,40856,40858],{},[15,40857,40753],{}," means positive infinity",[33,40860,40861,40863],{},[15,40862,40792],{}," means negative infinity",[33,40865,40866,40868],{},[15,40867,40833],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40870,40871,40872,40874],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40873,2474],{}," accepts them.",[59,40876,40878],{"id":40877},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40880,40881,40882,40884],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40883,2474],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[292,40886,40077],{"id":40887},"valueerror",[20,40889,14787,40890,40892],{},[15,40891,40077],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40894,40895],{},"Common causes:",[30,40897,40898,40904,40907,40910],{},[33,40899,40900,40901],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40902,40903],{},"\"abc\"",[33,40905,40906],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,40908,40909],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,40911,4293,40912],{},[587,40913,40914,40916],{"href":7810},[15,40915,2549],{}," returns a string",[20,40918,714],{},[64,40920,40922],{"className":66,"code":40921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40923,40924,40937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40925,40926,40928,40930,40932,40935],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40927,2037],{"class":79},[73,40929,84],{"class":83},[73,40931,88],{"class":87},[73,40933,40934],{"class":91},"abc",[73,40936,95],{"class":87},[73,40938,40939,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,40940,102],{"class":101},[73,40942,106],{"class":105},[73,40944,1781],{"class":1270},[73,40946,106],{"class":105},[73,40948,2063],{"class":114},[73,40950,118],{"class":105},[292,40952,2594],{"id":40953},"typeerror",[20,40955,14787,40956,40958],{},[15,40957,2594],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,40960,40895],{},[30,40962,40963,40966,40969],{},[33,40964,40965],{},"Passing a list",[33,40967,40968],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,40970,40971],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,40973,714],{},[64,40975,40977],{"className":66,"code":40976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40978,40979,41004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40980,40981,40983,40985,40987,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,41000,41002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40982,2037],{"class":79},[73,40984,84],{"class":83},[73,40986,10083],{"class":105},[73,40988,384],{"class":87},[73,40990,24749],{"class":91},[73,40992,384],{"class":87},[73,40994,2475],{"class":105},[73,40996,88],{"class":87},[73,40998,40999],{"class":91},"9.99",[73,41001,384],{"class":87},[73,41003,8901],{"class":105},[73,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41007,102],{"class":101},[73,41009,106],{"class":105},[73,41011,1781],{"class":1270},[73,41013,106],{"class":105},[73,41015,2063],{"class":114},[73,41017,118],{"class":105},[292,41019,41021],{"id":41020},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41023,41024,41025,41028],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41026,41027],{},"strip()"," can help:",[64,41030,41032],{"className":66,"code":41031,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41033,41034,41047,41062,41066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41035,41036,41038,41040,41042,41045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41037,2037],{"class":79},[73,41039,84],{"class":83},[73,41041,88],{"class":87},[73,41043,41044],{"class":91},"  7.25  ",[73,41046,95],{"class":87},[73,41048,41049,41052,41054,41056,41058,41060],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41050,41051],{"class":79},"clean_value ",[73,41053,84],{"class":83},[73,41055,8024],{"class":79},[73,41057,817],{"class":105},[73,41059,506],{"class":114},[73,41061,8233],{"class":105},[73,41063,41064],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41065,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,41067,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076,41079],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,41069,102],{"class":101},[73,41071,106],{"class":105},[73,41073,1781],{"class":1270},[73,41075,106],{"class":105},[73,41077,41078],{"class":114},"clean_value",[73,41080,118],{"class":105},[20,41082,1660],{},[64,41084,41086],{"className":66,"code":41085,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.25\n",[15,41087,41088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41089,41090],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41091,41085],{"class":315},[292,41093,41095],{"id":41094},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41097,41098],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[64,41100,41102],{"className":66,"code":41101,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41103,41104,41117,41121,41131,41145,41160,41164,41178],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41105,41106,41108,41110,41112,41115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41107,2037],{"class":79},[73,41109,84],{"class":83},[73,41111,88],{"class":87},[73,41113,41114],{"class":91}," 3.5 ",[73,41116,95],{"class":87},[73,41118,41119],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41120,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41124,102],{"class":101},[73,41126,106],{"class":105},[73,41128,2063],{"class":114},[73,41130,854],{"class":105},[73,41132,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,41134,102],{"class":101},[73,41136,106],{"class":105},[73,41138,1271],{"class":1270},[73,41140,106],{"class":105},[73,41142,2063],{"class":114},[73,41144,118],{"class":105},[73,41146,41147,41149,41151,41154,41156,41158],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,41148,102],{"class":101},[73,41150,106],{"class":105},[73,41152,41153],{"class":101},"repr",[73,41155,106],{"class":105},[73,41157,2063],{"class":114},[73,41159,118],{"class":105},[73,41161,41162],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,41163,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,41165,41166,41168,41170,41172,41174,41176],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,41167,41051],{"class":79},[73,41169,84],{"class":83},[73,41171,8024],{"class":79},[73,41173,817],{"class":105},[73,41175,506],{"class":114},[73,41177,8233],{"class":105},[73,41179,41180,41182,41184,41186,41188,41190],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,41181,102],{"class":101},[73,41183,106],{"class":105},[73,41185,1781],{"class":1270},[73,41187,106],{"class":105},[73,41189,41078],{"class":114},[73,41191,118],{"class":105},[20,41193,41194],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41196,41197,41203,41208,41214],{},[33,41198,41199,41202],{},[15,41200,41201],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41204,41205,20967],{},[15,41206,41207],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41209,41210,41213],{},[15,41211,41212],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41215,41216,41218],{},[15,41217,41027],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[292,41220,41222],{"id":41221},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41224,41225],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[64,41227,41229],{"className":66,"code":41228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41230,41231,41250,41254,41260,41275,41294,41303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41232,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241,41243,41246,41248],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41234,2037],{"class":79},[73,41236,84],{"class":83},[73,41238,7833],{"class":101},[73,41240,106],{"class":105},[73,41242,384],{"class":87},[73,41244,41245],{"class":91},"Enter a number: ",[73,41247,384],{"class":87},[73,41249,854],{"class":105},[73,41251,41252],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41253,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,41255,41256,41258],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41257,29401],{"class":646},[73,41259,5982],{"class":105},[73,41261,41262,41265,41267,41269,41271,41273],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,41263,41264],{"class":79},"    number ",[73,41266,84],{"class":83},[73,41268,39628],{"class":1270},[73,41270,106],{"class":105},[73,41272,2063],{"class":114},[73,41274,854],{"class":105},[73,41276,41277,41279,41281,41283,41286,41288,41290,41292],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,41278,7659],{"class":101},[73,41280,106],{"class":105},[73,41282,384],{"class":87},[73,41284,41285],{"class":91},"Converted:",[73,41287,384],{"class":87},[73,41289,149],{"class":105},[73,41291,1786],{"class":114},[73,41293,854],{"class":105},[73,41295,41296,41298,41301],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,41297,29432],{"class":646},[73,41299,41300],{"class":1270}," ValueError",[73,41302,5982],{"class":105},[73,41304,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314,41316],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,41306,7659],{"class":101},[73,41308,106],{"class":105},[73,41310,384],{"class":87},[73,41312,41313],{"class":91},"That is not a valid number.",[73,41315,384],{"class":87},[73,41317,854],{"class":105},[20,41319,41320,41321,817],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[587,41322,40269],{"href":40268},[59,41324,41326],{"id":41325},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41328,10182,41329,355,41331,41333],{},[15,41330,2474],{},[15,41332,2467],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41335,41336,41338],{},[15,41337,2474],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[64,41340,41342],{"className":66,"code":41341,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41343,41344],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41345,41346,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41359,41361],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41347,102],{"class":101},[73,41349,106],{"class":105},[73,41351,1781],{"class":1270},[73,41353,106],{"class":105},[73,41355,384],{"class":87},[73,41357,41358],{"class":91},"3.9",[73,41360,384],{"class":87},[73,41362,118],{"class":105},[20,41364,1660],{},[64,41366,41368],{"className":66,"code":41367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.9\n",[15,41369,41370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41371,41372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41373,41367],{"class":315},[20,41375,41376,41378],{},[15,41377,2467],{}," creates whole numbers:",[64,41380,41382],{"className":66,"code":41381,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41383,41384],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41385,41386,41388,41390,41392,41394,41396,41398,41400],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41387,102],{"class":101},[73,41389,106],{"class":105},[73,41391,1778],{"class":1270},[73,41393,106],{"class":105},[73,41395,384],{"class":87},[73,41397,1920],{"class":91},[73,41399,384],{"class":87},[73,41401,118],{"class":105},[20,41403,1660],{},[64,41405,41406],{"className":66,"code":1966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,41407,41408],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41409,41410],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41411,1966],{"class":315},[20,41413,41414,41415,41418],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41416,41417],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[64,41420,41422],{"className":66,"code":41421,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41423,41424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41425,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438,41440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41427,102],{"class":101},[73,41429,106],{"class":105},[73,41431,1778],{"class":1270},[73,41433,106],{"class":105},[73,41435,384],{"class":87},[73,41437,41358],{"class":91},[73,41439,384],{"class":87},[73,41441,118],{"class":105},[20,41443,2591,41444,8193,41446,41449],{},[15,41445,40077],{},[15,41447,41448],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41451,10305],{},[30,41453,41454,41460],{},[33,41455,41456,41459],{},[15,41457,41458],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41461,41462,41464],{},[15,41463,41417],{}," fails",[20,41466,41467,41468,41471,41472,41474],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[587,41469,41470],{"href":2464},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[587,41473,2010],{"href":2009}," helpful.",[59,41476,1405],{"id":1404},[292,41478,41480],{"id":41479},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41482,41483,41484,2468,41486,817],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41485,2082],{},[15,41487,39516],{},[292,41489,41491],{"id":41490},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41493,41494,41495,2468,41498,817],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41496,41497],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41499,41500],{},"\"10\"",[292,41502,41504],{"id":41503},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41506,28658,41507,41509,41510,817],{},[15,41508,40903],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41511,40077],{},[292,41513,41515],{"id":41514},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41517,4737,41518,817],{},[15,41519,3354],{},[292,41521,41523],{"id":41522},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41525,41526,41527,41529,41530,355,41533,41529,41535,817],{},"Yes. ",[15,41528,3190],{}," becomes ",[15,41531,41532],{},"1.0",[15,41534,3260],{},[15,41536,3354],{},[59,41538,1461],{"id":1460},[30,41540,41541,41545,41551,41556,41560,41564],{},[33,41542,41543],{},[587,41544,41470],{"href":2464},[33,41546,41547],{},[587,41548,41550],{"href":41549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41552,41553],{},[587,41554,41555],{"href":40264},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,41557,41558],{},[587,41559,8649],{"href":8571},[33,41561,41562],{},[587,41563,40269],{"href":40268},[33,41565,41566],{},[587,41567,41568],{"href":7810},"Python input() Function Explained",[1500,41570,41571],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":41573},[41574,41575,41576,41577,41584,41589,41590,41597,41602,41609,41610,41617],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":39563,"depth":98,"text":39564},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":39788,"depth":98,"text":39789,"children":41578},[41579,41580,41581,41582,41583],{"id":39797,"depth":332,"text":39798},{"id":39861,"depth":332,"text":39862},{"id":39925,"depth":332,"text":39926},{"id":39967,"depth":332,"text":39968},{"id":40022,"depth":332,"text":40023},{"id":40061,"depth":98,"text":40062,"children":41585},[41586,41587,41588],{"id":40070,"depth":332,"text":40071},{"id":40156,"depth":332,"text":40157},{"id":40226,"depth":332,"text":40227},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":40418,"depth":98,"text":40419,"children":41591},[41592,41594,41595,41596],{"id":40422,"depth":332,"text":41593},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40515,"depth":332,"text":40516},{"id":40601,"depth":332,"text":40602},{"id":40663,"depth":332,"text":40664},{"id":40723,"depth":98,"text":40724,"children":41598},[41599,41600,41601],{"id":40732,"depth":332,"text":40733},{"id":40771,"depth":332,"text":40772},{"id":40812,"depth":332,"text":40813},{"id":40877,"depth":98,"text":40878,"children":41603},[41604,41605,41606,41607,41608],{"id":40887,"depth":332,"text":40077},{"id":40953,"depth":332,"text":2594},{"id":41020,"depth":332,"text":41021},{"id":41094,"depth":332,"text":41095},{"id":41221,"depth":332,"text":41222},{"id":41325,"depth":98,"text":41326},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":41611},[41612,41613,41614,41615,41616],{"id":41479,"depth":332,"text":41480},{"id":41490,"depth":332,"text":41491},{"id":41503,"depth":332,"text":41504},{"id":41514,"depth":332,"text":41515},{"id":41522,"depth":332,"text":41523},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39464,"description":41618},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41625,"title":41626,"body":41627,"description":42848,"extension":1552,"meta":42849,"navigation":335,"path":813,"seo":42850,"stem":42851,"__hash__":42852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41628,"toc":42814},[41629,41632,41637,41640,41642,41681,41695,41699,41704,41707,41724,41727,41737,41752,41755,41757,41760,41776,41779,41782,41802,41806,41817,41820,41824,41828,41842,41877,41881,41892,41927,41930,41932,41940,41973,41989,41991,42001,42022,42033,42035,42040,42043,42057,42059,42078,42081,42094,42097,42101,42105,42119,42122,42140,42143,42158,42162,42167,42181,42187,42189,42246,42248,42281,42284,42300,42304,42311,42315,42320,42323,42334,42338,42343,42358,42367,42372,42391,42394,42406,42408,42413,42423,42426,42455,42460,42469,42473,42478,42481,42485,42490,42492,42522,42525,42532,42537,42542,42546,42549,42557,42560,42638,42641,42663,42665,42669,42672,42676,42682,42745,42749,42757,42761,42764,42766,42791,42811],[10,41630,41626],{"id":41631},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41633,3168,41634,41636],{},[15,41635,816],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41638,41639],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[59,41641,62],{"id":61},[64,41643,41645],{"className":66,"code":41644,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41646,41647,41657,41667],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41648,41649,41651,41653,41655],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41650,842],{"class":101},[73,41652,106],{"class":105},[73,41654,10755],{"class":101},[73,41656,854],{"class":105},[73,41658,41659,41661,41663,41665],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41660,842],{"class":101},[73,41662,106],{"class":105},[73,41664,3031],{"class":1270},[73,41666,854],{"class":105},[73,41668,41669,41671,41673,41675,41677,41679],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41670,842],{"class":101},[73,41672,106],{"class":105},[73,41674,141],{"class":87},[73,41676,431],{"class":91},[73,41678,141],{"class":87},[73,41680,854],{"class":105},[20,41682,121,41683,41685,41686,2468,41688,41690,41691,41694],{},[15,41684,816],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41687,10755],{},[15,41689,3031],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41692,41693],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[59,41696,41698],{"id":41697},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41700,41701,41703],{},[15,41702,816],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41705,41706],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,41708,41709,41712,41715,41718,41721],{},[33,41710,41711],{},"Functions",[33,41713,41714],{},"Classes",[33,41716,41717],{},"Methods",[33,41719,41720],{},"Modules",[33,41722,41723],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41725,41726],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41728,41729,41730,41736],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[587,41731,41733],{"href":41732},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41734,41735],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[64,41738,41740],{"className":66,"code":41739,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\n",[15,41741,41742],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41743,41744,41746,41748,41750],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41745,842],{"class":101},[73,41747,106],{"class":105},[73,41749,10755],{"class":101},[73,41751,854],{"class":105},[20,41753,41754],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[59,41756,285],{"id":284},[20,41758,41759],{},"The main form is:",[64,41761,41763],{"className":66,"code":41762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(object)\n",[15,41764,41765],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41766,41767,41769,41771,41774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41768,842],{"class":101},[73,41770,106],{"class":105},[73,41772,41773],{"class":1270},"object",[73,41775,854],{"class":105},[20,41777,41778],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41780,41781],{},"Common examples include:",[30,41783,41784,41788,41793,41797],{},[33,41785,41786],{},[15,41787,10755],{},[33,41789,41790],{},[15,41791,41792],{},"list.append",[33,41794,41795],{},[15,41796,3031],{},[33,41798,41799],{},[15,41800,41801],{},"open",[20,41803,6766,41804,6769],{},[15,41805,816],{},[64,41807,41809],{"className":66,"code":41808,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help()\n",[15,41810,41811],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41812,41813,41815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41814,842],{"class":101},[73,41816,8233],{"class":105},[20,41818,41819],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[59,41821,41823],{"id":41822},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[292,41825,41827],{"id":41826},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41829,41830,41831,995,41833,995,41835,1002,41838,817],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41832,10755],{},[15,41834,102],{},[15,41836,41837],{},"input",[587,41839,41840],{"href":1889},[15,41841,592],{},[64,41843,41845],{"className":66,"code":41844,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41846,41847,41857,41867],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41848,41849,41851,41853,41855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41850,842],{"class":101},[73,41852,106],{"class":105},[73,41854,102],{"class":101},[73,41856,854],{"class":105},[73,41858,41859,41861,41863,41865],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41860,842],{"class":101},[73,41862,106],{"class":105},[73,41864,41837],{"class":101},[73,41866,854],{"class":105},[73,41868,41869,41871,41873,41875],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41870,842],{"class":101},[73,41872,106],{"class":105},[73,41874,1271],{"class":1270},[73,41876,854],{"class":105},[292,41878,41880],{"id":41879},"data-types","Data types",[20,41882,41883,41884,995,41886,995,41888,1002,41890,817],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41885,3031],{},[15,41887,7684],{},[15,41889,8412],{},[15,41891,5875],{},[64,41893,41895],{"className":66,"code":41894,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41896,41897,41907,41917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41898,41899,41901,41903,41905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41900,842],{"class":101},[73,41902,106],{"class":105},[73,41904,3031],{"class":1270},[73,41906,854],{"class":105},[73,41908,41909,41911,41913,41915],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41910,842],{"class":101},[73,41912,106],{"class":105},[73,41914,7684],{"class":1270},[73,41916,854],{"class":105},[73,41918,41919,41921,41923,41925],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,41920,842],{"class":101},[73,41922,106],{"class":105},[73,41924,8412],{"class":1270},[73,41926,854],{"class":105},[20,41928,41929],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[292,41931,41717],{"id":255},[20,41933,41934,41935,355,41938,817],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41936,41937],{},"str.split",[15,41939,41792],{},[64,41941,41943],{"className":66,"code":41942,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41944,41945,41959],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41946,41947,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41948,842],{"class":101},[73,41950,106],{"class":105},[73,41952,3031],{"class":1270},[73,41954,817],{"class":105},[73,41956,215],{"class":851},[73,41958,854],{"class":105},[73,41960,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969,41971],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,41962,842],{"class":101},[73,41964,106],{"class":105},[73,41966,7684],{"class":1270},[73,41968,817],{"class":105},[73,41970,564],{"class":851},[73,41972,854],{"class":105},[20,41974,41975,41976,8295,41978,27910,41983,41985,41986,41988],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,41977,816],{},[587,41979,41981],{"href":41980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,41982,17],{},[15,41984,17],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,41987,816],{}," explains one of them.",[292,41990,41720],{"id":431},[20,41992,41993,41994,995,41996,1002,41998,817],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,41995,876],{},[15,41997,986],{},[15,41999,42000],{},"os",[64,42002,42004],{"className":66,"code":42003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42005,42006,42012],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42007,42008,42010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42009,887],{"class":646},[73,42011,890],{"class":79},[73,42013,42014,42016,42018,42020],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42015,842],{"class":101},[73,42017,106],{"class":105},[73,42019,876],{"class":114},[73,42021,854],{"class":105},[20,42023,42024,42025,42029,42030,817],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[587,42026,42028],{"href":42027},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[587,42031,953],{"href":42032},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[59,42034,705],{"id":704},[20,42036,42037,42039],{},[15,42038,816],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42041,42042],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42044,42045,42048,42051,42054],{},[33,42046,42047],{},"The function signature",[33,42049,42050],{},"The short description",[33,42052,42053],{},"Parameter names",[33,42055,42056],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42058,820],{},[64,42060,42062],{"className":66,"code":42061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42063,42064],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42065,42066,42068,42070,42072,42074,42076],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42067,842],{"class":101},[73,42069,106],{"class":105},[73,42071,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42073,817],{"class":105},[73,42075,215],{"class":851},[73,42077,854],{"class":105},[20,42079,42080],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42082,42083,42086,42089,42091],{},[33,42084,42085],{},"What object this is",[33,42087,42088],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42090,21569],{},[33,42092,42093],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42095,42096],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[59,42098,42100],{"id":42099},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42102,42103,29471],{},[15,42104,816],{},[30,42106,42107,42110,42113,42116],{},[33,42108,42109],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42111,42112],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42114,42115],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42117,42118],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42120,42121],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[64,42123,42124],{"className":66,"code":42061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,42125,42126],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42127,42128,42130,42132,42134,42136,42138],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42129,842],{"class":101},[73,42131,106],{"class":105},[73,42133,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42135,817],{"class":105},[73,42137,215],{"class":851},[73,42139,854],{"class":105},[20,42141,42142],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[64,42144,42146],{"className":66,"code":42145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(open)\n",[15,42147,42148],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42149,42150,42152,42154,42156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42151,842],{"class":101},[73,42153,106],{"class":105},[73,42155,41801],{"class":101},[73,42157,854],{"class":105},[59,42159,42161],{"id":42160},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42163,42164,42166],{},[15,42165,816],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42168,42169,42172,42175,42178],{},[33,42170,42171],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42173,42174],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42176,42177],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42179,42180],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42182,42183,42184,42186],{},"So, ",[15,42185,816],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42188,820],{},[64,42190,42192],{"className":66,"code":42191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42193,42194,42207,42231,42235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42195,42196,42198,42200,42202,42205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42197,461],{"class":79},[73,42199,84],{"class":83},[73,42201,88],{"class":87},[73,42203,42204],{"class":91},"a,b,c",[73,42206,95],{"class":87},[73,42208,42209,42212,42214,42217,42219,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42210,42211],{"class":79},"parts ",[73,42213,84],{"class":83},[73,42215,42216],{"class":79}," text",[73,42218,817],{"class":105},[73,42220,215],{"class":114},[73,42222,106],{"class":105},[73,42224,384],{"class":87},[73,42226,149],{"class":91},[73,42228,384],{"class":87},[73,42230,854],{"class":105},[73,42232,42233],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,42234,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,42236,42237,42239,42241,42244],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,42238,102],{"class":101},[73,42240,106],{"class":105},[73,42242,42243],{"class":114},"parts",[73,42245,854],{"class":105},[20,42247,5146],{},[64,42249,42251],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42252,42253],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42254,42255,42257,42259,42261,42263,42265,42267,42269,42271,42273,42275,42277,42279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42256,138],{"class":105},[73,42258,141],{"class":87},[73,42260,587],{"class":91},[73,42262,141],{"class":87},[73,42264,149],{"class":105},[73,42266,152],{"class":87},[73,42268,4350],{"class":91},[73,42270,141],{"class":87},[73,42272,149],{"class":105},[73,42274,152],{"class":87},[73,42276,9332],{"class":91},[73,42278,141],{"class":87},[73,42280,229],{"class":105},[20,42282,42283],{},"A good workflow is:",[28310,42285,42286,42291,42294,42297],{},[33,42287,121,42288,42290],{},[15,42289,816],{}," to inspect something",[33,42292,42293],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42295,42296],{},"Check the result",[33,42298,42299],{},"Repeat",[59,42301,42303],{"id":42302},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42305,42306,355,42308,42310],{},[15,42307,816],{},[15,42309,17],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[292,42312,42313],{"id":842},[15,42314,816],{},[20,42316,121,42317,42319],{},[15,42318,816],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42321,42322],{},"It tells you:",[30,42324,42325,42328,42331],{},[33,42326,42327],{},"What something is",[33,42329,42330],{},"How to use it",[33,42332,42333],{},"What parameters it accepts",[292,42335,42336],{"id":109},[15,42337,17],{},[20,42339,121,42340,42342],{},[15,42341,17],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[64,42344,42346],{"className":66,"code":42345,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dir(str)\n",[15,42347,42348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42349,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42351,109],{"class":101},[73,42353,106],{"class":105},[73,42355,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42357,854],{"class":105},[20,42359,42360,42361,995,42363,1002,42365,817],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42362,215],{},[15,42364,506],{},[15,42366,206],{},[20,42368,42369,42370,2475],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42371,816],{},[64,42373,42375],{"className":66,"code":42374,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42376,42377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42378,42379,42381,42383,42385,42387,42389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42380,842],{"class":101},[73,42382,106],{"class":105},[73,42384,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42386,817],{"class":105},[73,42388,206],{"class":851},[73,42390,854],{"class":105},[20,42392,42393],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42395,42396,42401],{},[33,42397,121,42398,42400],{},[15,42399,17],{}," to discover options",[33,42402,121,42403,42405],{},[15,42404,816],{}," to understand one option",[59,42407,1207],{"id":1206},[20,42409,42410,42411,817],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42412,816],{},[292,42414,438,42416,42419,42420],{"id":42415},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42417,42418],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42421,42422],{},"help(len)",[20,42424,42425],{},"These are not always the same.",[64,42427,42429],{"className":66,"code":42428,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42430,42431,42441],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42432,42433,42435,42437,42439],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42434,842],{"class":101},[73,42436,106],{"class":105},[73,42438,10755],{"class":101},[73,42440,854],{"class":105},[73,42442,42443,42445,42447,42449,42451,42453],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42444,842],{"class":101},[73,42446,106],{"class":105},[73,42448,141],{"class":87},[73,42450,10755],{"class":91},[73,42452,141],{"class":87},[73,42454,854],{"class":105},[20,42456,42457,42459],{},[15,42458,42422],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42461,42462,42464,42465,42468],{},[15,42463,42418],{}," treats ",[15,42466,42467],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[292,42470,42472],{"id":42471},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42474,42475,42477],{},[15,42476,816],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42479,42480],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[292,42482,42484],{"id":42483},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42486,39716,42487,42489],{},[15,42488,816],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42491,714],{},[64,42493,42495],{"className":66,"code":42494,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42496,42497,42507],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42498,42499,42501,42503,42505],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42500,842],{"class":101},[73,42502,106],{"class":105},[73,42504,10755],{"class":101},[73,42506,854],{"class":105},[73,42508,42509,42511,42513,42515,42518,42520],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42510,102],{"class":101},[73,42512,106],{"class":105},[73,42514,384],{"class":87},[73,42516,42517],{"class":91},"Done",[73,42519,384],{"class":87},[73,42521,854],{"class":105},[20,42523,42524],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[292,42526,36575,42528,8295,42530],{"id":42527},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42529,816],{},[15,42531,17],{},[20,42533,42534,42535,817],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42536,17],{},[20,42538,42539,42540,817],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42541,816],{},[59,42543,42545],{"id":42544},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42547,42548],{},"Open Python:",[64,42550,42551],{"className":66,"code":1349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,42552,42553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42554,42555],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42556,1349],{"class":79},[20,42558,42559],{},"Then test these commands:",[64,42561,42563],{"className":66,"code":42562,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42564,42565,42575,42589,42603,42613,42628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42566,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42568,842],{"class":101},[73,42570,106],{"class":105},[73,42572,10755],{"class":101},[73,42574,854],{"class":105},[73,42576,42577,42579,42581,42583,42585,42587],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42578,842],{"class":101},[73,42580,106],{"class":105},[73,42582,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42584,817],{"class":105},[73,42586,215],{"class":851},[73,42588,854],{"class":105},[73,42590,42591,42593,42595,42597,42599,42601],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,42592,842],{"class":101},[73,42594,106],{"class":105},[73,42596,7684],{"class":1270},[73,42598,817],{"class":105},[73,42600,564],{"class":851},[73,42602,854],{"class":105},[73,42604,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,42606,842],{"class":101},[73,42608,106],{"class":105},[73,42610,41801],{"class":101},[73,42612,854],{"class":105},[73,42614,42615,42617,42619,42621,42624,42626],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,42616,842],{"class":101},[73,42618,106],{"class":105},[73,42620,141],{"class":87},[73,42622,42623],{"class":91},"keywords",[73,42625,141],{"class":87},[73,42627,854],{"class":105},[73,42629,42630,42632,42634,42636],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,42631,109],{"class":101},[73,42633,106],{"class":105},[73,42635,3031],{"class":1270},[73,42637,854],{"class":105},[20,42639,42640],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,42642,42643,42646,42649,42652,42655,42658],{},[33,42644,42645],{},"A built-in function",[33,42647,42648],{},"A string method",[33,42650,42651],{},"A list method",[33,42653,42654],{},"A built-in file function",[33,42656,42657],{},"A special help topic",[33,42659,14787,42660,42662],{},[15,42661,17],{}," example for comparison",[59,42664,1405],{"id":1404},[292,42666,42668],{"id":42667},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42670,42671],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[292,42673,42675],{"id":42674},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42677,42678,42679,42681],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42680,816],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[64,42683,42685],{"className":66,"code":42684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42686,42687,42699,42712,42731,42735],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42688,42689,42691,42693,42695,42697],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42690,634],{"class":633},[73,42692,638],{"class":637},[73,42694,106],{"class":105},[73,42696,115],{"class":37034},[73,42698,7933],{"class":105},[73,42700,42701,42705,42709],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42702,42704],{"class":42703},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[73,42706,42708],{"class":42707},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[73,42710,42711],{"class":42703},"\"\"\"\n",[73,42713,42714,42716,42719,42722,42724,42726,42728],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,42715,647],{"class":646},[73,42717,42718],{"class":633}," f",[73,42720,42721],{"class":91},"\"Hello, ",[73,42723,8870],{"class":315},[73,42725,115],{"class":79},[73,42727,21902],{"class":315},[73,42729,42730],{"class":91},"!\"\n",[73,42732,42733],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,42734,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,42736,42737,42739,42741,42743],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,42738,842],{"class":101},[73,42740,106],{"class":105},[73,42742,684],{"class":114},[73,42744,854],{"class":105},[292,42746,42748],{"id":42747},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42750,42751,42753,42754,42756],{},[15,42752,42422],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42755,42418],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[292,42758,42760],{"id":42759},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42762,42763],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[59,42765,1461],{"id":1460},[30,42767,42768,42773,42777,42782,42787],{},[33,42769,42770],{},[587,42771,42772],{"href":41980},"Python dir() function explained",[33,42774,42775],{},[587,42776,8033],{"href":1889},[33,42778,42779],{},[587,42780,42781],{"href":41732},"Python len() function explained",[33,42783,42784],{},[587,42785,42786],{"href":42027},"How import works in Python",[33,42788,42789],{},[587,42790,953],{"href":42032},[20,42792,42793,42794,42796,42797,995,42799,1002,42801,42803,42804,2468,42807,42810],{},"Try ",[15,42795,816],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42798,10755],{},[15,42800,102],{},[15,42802,41837],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42805,42806],{},"dir(str)",[15,42808,42809],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1500,42812,42813],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":42815},[42816,42817,42818,42819,42825,42826,42827,42828,42832,42840,42841,42847],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":41697,"depth":98,"text":41698},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":41822,"depth":98,"text":41823,"children":42820},[42821,42822,42823,42824],{"id":41826,"depth":332,"text":41827},{"id":41879,"depth":332,"text":41880},{"id":255,"depth":332,"text":41717},{"id":431,"depth":332,"text":41720},{"id":704,"depth":98,"text":705},{"id":42099,"depth":98,"text":42100},{"id":42160,"depth":98,"text":42161},{"id":42302,"depth":98,"text":42303,"children":42829},[42830,42831],{"id":842,"depth":332,"text":816},{"id":109,"depth":332,"text":17},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":42833},[42834,42836,42837,42838],{"id":42415,"depth":332,"text":42835},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42471,"depth":332,"text":42472},{"id":42483,"depth":332,"text":42484},{"id":42527,"depth":332,"text":42839},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42544,"depth":98,"text":42545},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":42842},[42843,42844,42845,42846],{"id":42667,"depth":332,"text":42668},{"id":42674,"depth":332,"text":42675},{"id":42747,"depth":332,"text":42748},{"id":42759,"depth":332,"text":42760},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41626,"description":42848},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42854,"title":42855,"body":42856,"description":44218,"extension":1552,"meta":44219,"navigation":335,"path":44220,"seo":44221,"stem":44222,"__hash__":44223},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42857,"toc":44191},[42858,42864,42869,42875,42885,42944,42954,42965,42970,42976,42978,42996,43004,43006,43008,43023,43026,43037,43039,43130,43133,43137,43142,43163,43165,43276,43278,43305,43316,43320,43323,43406,43408,43416,43422,43428,43432,43435,43545,43547,43560,43563,43577,43585,43592,43597,43611,43617,43730,43732,43793,43796,43802,43808,43811,43833,43836,43906,43909,43941,43948,43950,43953,43971,43974,43986,43992,43994,43999,44025,44028,44100,44102,44108,44111,44117,44120,44126,44136,44142,44145,44152,44155,44157,44188],[10,42859,13,42861,18],{"id":42860},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42862,42863],{},"id()",[20,42865,22,42866,42868],{},[15,42867,42863],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42870,42871,42872,42874],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42873,42863],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42876,121,42877,42879,42880,42882,42883,817],{},[15,42878,42863],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[55,42881,806],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42884,4277],{},[64,42886,42888],{"className":66,"code":42887,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42889,42890,42902,42916,42920,42930],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42891,42892,42894,42896,42898,42900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42893,80],{"class":79},[73,42895,84],{"class":83},[73,42897,88],{"class":87},[73,42899,6887],{"class":91},[73,42901,95],{"class":87},[73,42903,42904,42906,42908,42910,42912,42914],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,42905,102],{"class":101},[73,42907,106],{"class":105},[73,42909,12245],{"class":101},[73,42911,106],{"class":105},[73,42913,115],{"class":114},[73,42915,118],{"class":105},[73,42917,42918],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,42919,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,42921,42922,42925,42927],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,42923,42924],{"class":79},"other ",[73,42926,84],{"class":83},[73,42928,42929],{"class":79}," name\n",[73,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,42933,102],{"class":101},[73,42935,106],{"class":105},[73,42937,12245],{"class":101},[73,42939,106],{"class":105},[73,42941,30341],{"class":114},[73,42943,118],{"class":105},[20,42945,42946,42947,42950,42951,42953],{},"In this example, ",[15,42948,42949],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,42952,42863],{}," values match.",[42955,42956,42957],"blockquote",{},[20,42958,121,42959,42961,42962,42964],{},[15,42960,42863],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,42963,4277],{}," for value comparison.",[59,42966,236,42968,239],{"id":42967},"what-id-does",[15,42969,42863],{},[20,42971,42972,42975],{},[15,42973,42974],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,42977,12649],{},[30,42979,42980,42983,42990,42993],{},[33,42981,42982],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,42984,42985,42986,42989],{},"It shows ",[55,42987,42988],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,42991,42992],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,42994,42995],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,42997,42998,42999,43003],{},"This is closely related to how ",[587,43000,43002],{"href":43001},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[59,43005,285],{"id":284},[20,43007,5021],{},[64,43009,43011],{"className":66,"code":43010,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"id(object)\n",[15,43012,43013],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43014,43015,43017,43019,43021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43016,12245],{"class":101},[73,43018,106],{"class":105},[73,43020,41773],{"class":1270},[73,43022,854],{"class":105},[20,43024,43025],{},"Important details:",[30,43027,43028,43031,43034],{},[33,43029,43030],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43032,43033],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43035,43036],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43038,714],{},[64,43040,43042],{"className":66,"code":43041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43043,43044,43056,43064,43084,43088,43102,43116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43045,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43047,461],{"class":79},[73,43049,84],{"class":83},[73,43051,88],{"class":87},[73,43053,92],{"class":91},[73,43055,95],{"class":87},[73,43057,43058,43060,43062],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43059,1806],{"class":79},[73,43061,84],{"class":83},[73,43063,2359],{"class":315},[73,43065,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43067,7369],{"class":79},[73,43069,84],{"class":83},[73,43071,528],{"class":105},[73,43073,404],{"class":315},[73,43075,149],{"class":105},[73,43077,409],{"class":315},[73,43079,149],{"class":105},[73,43081,414],{"class":315},[73,43083,229],{"class":105},[73,43085,43086],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43087,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43089,43090,43092,43094,43096,43098,43100],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43091,102],{"class":101},[73,43093,106],{"class":105},[73,43095,12245],{"class":101},[73,43097,106],{"class":105},[73,43099,482],{"class":114},[73,43101,118],{"class":105},[73,43103,43104,43106,43108,43110,43112,43114],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,43105,102],{"class":101},[73,43107,106],{"class":105},[73,43109,12245],{"class":101},[73,43111,106],{"class":105},[73,43113,1829],{"class":114},[73,43115,118],{"class":105},[73,43117,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126,43128],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,43119,102],{"class":101},[73,43121,106],{"class":105},[73,43123,12245],{"class":101},[73,43125,106],{"class":105},[73,43127,7400],{"class":114},[73,43129,118],{"class":105},[20,43131,43132],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[59,43134,43136],{"id":43135},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43138,43139,43140,817],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43141,42863],{},[30,43143,43144,43151,43158],{},[33,43145,43146,43148,43149],{},[15,43147,4277],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[55,43150,2063],{},[33,43152,43153,43155,43156],{},[15,43154,11789],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[55,43157,41773],{},[33,43159,43160,43162],{},[15,43161,42863],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43164,714],{},[64,43166,43168],{"className":66,"code":43167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43169,43170,43190,43210,43214,43231,43248,43262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43171,43172,43174,43176,43178,43180,43182,43184,43186,43188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43173,2145],{"class":79},[73,43175,84],{"class":83},[73,43177,528],{"class":105},[73,43179,404],{"class":315},[73,43181,149],{"class":105},[73,43183,409],{"class":315},[73,43185,149],{"class":105},[73,43187,414],{"class":315},[73,43189,229],{"class":105},[73,43191,43192,43194,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204,43206,43208],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43193,2173],{"class":79},[73,43195,84],{"class":83},[73,43197,528],{"class":105},[73,43199,404],{"class":315},[73,43201,149],{"class":105},[73,43203,409],{"class":315},[73,43205,149],{"class":105},[73,43207,414],{"class":315},[73,43209,229],{"class":105},[73,43211,43212],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43213,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43215,43216,43218,43220,43222,43224,43226,43228],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43217,102],{"class":101},[73,43219,106],{"class":105},[73,43221,2145],{"class":114},[73,43223,4277],{"class":83},[73,43225,2150],{"class":114},[73,43227,3246],{"class":105},[73,43229,43230],{"class":3249},"   # True\n",[73,43232,43233,43235,43237,43239,43241,43243,43245],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43234,102],{"class":101},[73,43236,106],{"class":105},[73,43238,2145],{"class":114},[73,43240,11789],{"class":646},[73,43242,2150],{"class":114},[73,43244,3246],{"class":105},[73,43246,43247],{"class":3249},"   # False\n",[73,43249,43250,43252,43254,43256,43258,43260],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,43251,102],{"class":101},[73,43253,106],{"class":105},[73,43255,12245],{"class":101},[73,43257,106],{"class":105},[73,43259,587],{"class":114},[73,43261,118],{"class":105},[73,43263,43264,43266,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,43265,102],{"class":101},[73,43267,106],{"class":105},[73,43269,12245],{"class":101},[73,43271,106],{"class":105},[73,43273,4350],{"class":114},[73,43275,118],{"class":105},[20,43277,1768],{},[30,43279,43280,43288,43296],{},[33,43281,43282,4373,43285,43287],{},[15,43283,43284],{},"a == b",[15,43286,3190],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43289,43290,4373,43293,43295],{},[15,43291,43292],{},"a is b",[15,43294,3260],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43297,43298,355,43301,43304],{},[15,43299,43300],{},"id(a)",[15,43302,43303],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43306,43307,43308,355,43312,817],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[587,43309,43311],{"href":43310},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[587,43313,43315],{"href":43314},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[59,43317,43319],{"id":43318},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43321,43322],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[64,43324,43326],{"className":66,"code":43325,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43327,43328,43348,43358,43362,43376,43391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43329,43330,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344,43346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43331,523],{"class":79},[73,43333,84],{"class":83},[73,43335,528],{"class":105},[73,43337,1920],{"class":315},[73,43339,149],{"class":105},[73,43341,7380],{"class":315},[73,43343,149],{"class":105},[73,43345,7385],{"class":315},[73,43347,229],{"class":105},[73,43349,43350,43353,43355],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43351,43352],{"class":79},"other_numbers ",[73,43354,84],{"class":83},[73,43356,43357],{"class":79}," numbers\n",[73,43359,43360],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43361,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43363,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43365,102],{"class":101},[73,43367,106],{"class":105},[73,43369,12245],{"class":101},[73,43371,106],{"class":105},[73,43373,553],{"class":114},[73,43375,118],{"class":105},[73,43377,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386,43389],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43379,102],{"class":101},[73,43381,106],{"class":105},[73,43383,12245],{"class":101},[73,43385,106],{"class":105},[73,43387,43388],{"class":114},"other_numbers",[73,43390,118],{"class":105},[73,43392,43393,43395,43397,43399,43401,43404],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,43394,102],{"class":101},[73,43396,106],{"class":105},[73,43398,523],{"class":114},[73,43400,11789],{"class":646},[73,43402,43403],{"class":114}," other_numbers",[73,43405,854],{"class":105},[20,43407,5146],{},[64,43409,43410],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,43411,43412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43413,43414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43415,3566],{"class":3438},[20,43417,43418,43419,43421],{},"The two ",[15,43420,42863],{}," values will also match.",[20,43423,21788,43424,43427],{},[15,43425,43426],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[59,43429,43431],{"id":43430},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43433,43434],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[64,43436,43438],{"className":66,"code":43437,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43439,43440,43461,43482,43486,43501,43515,43530],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43441,43442,43445,43447,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43443,43444],{"class":79},"list_a ",[73,43446,84],{"class":83},[73,43448,528],{"class":105},[73,43450,404],{"class":315},[73,43452,149],{"class":105},[73,43454,409],{"class":315},[73,43456,149],{"class":105},[73,43458,414],{"class":315},[73,43460,229],{"class":105},[73,43462,43463,43466,43468,43470,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43464,43465],{"class":79},"list_b ",[73,43467,84],{"class":83},[73,43469,528],{"class":105},[73,43471,404],{"class":315},[73,43473,149],{"class":105},[73,43475,409],{"class":315},[73,43477,149],{"class":105},[73,43479,414],{"class":315},[73,43481,229],{"class":105},[73,43483,43484],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43485,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43487,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496,43499],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43489,102],{"class":101},[73,43491,106],{"class":105},[73,43493,43444],{"class":114},[73,43495,4277],{"class":83},[73,43497,43498],{"class":114}," list_b",[73,43500,854],{"class":105},[73,43502,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43504,102],{"class":101},[73,43506,106],{"class":105},[73,43508,43444],{"class":114},[73,43510,11789],{"class":646},[73,43512,43498],{"class":114},[73,43514,854],{"class":105},[73,43516,43517,43519,43521,43523,43525,43528],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,43518,102],{"class":101},[73,43520,106],{"class":105},[73,43522,12245],{"class":101},[73,43524,106],{"class":105},[73,43526,43527],{"class":114},"list_a",[73,43529,118],{"class":105},[73,43531,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540,43543],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,43533,102],{"class":101},[73,43535,106],{"class":105},[73,43537,12245],{"class":101},[73,43539,106],{"class":105},[73,43541,43542],{"class":114},"list_b",[73,43544,118],{"class":105},[20,43546,5146],{},[64,43548,43550],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43551,43552,43556],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43553,43554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43555,3566],{"class":3438},[73,43557,43558],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43559,3627],{"class":3438},[20,43561,43562],{},"What this means:",[30,43564,43565,43568,43571],{},[33,43566,43567],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43569,43570],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43572,43573,43574,43576],{},"Their ",[15,43575,42863],{}," values are usually different",[20,43578,43579,43580,43582,43583,817],{},"This is why ",[15,43581,42863],{}," should not replace ",[15,43584,4277],{},[59,43586,43588,43589,43591],{"id":43587},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43590,42863],{}," is useful",[20,43593,43594,43596],{},[15,43595,42863],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43598,43599,43602,43605,43608],{},[33,43600,43601],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43603,43604],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,43606,43607],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,43609,43610],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43612,43613,43614,43616],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43615,42863],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[64,43618,43620],{"className":66,"code":43619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43621,43622,43646,43655,43659,43678,43682,43692,43702,43716],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43623,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638,43640,43642,43644],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43625,11681],{"class":79},[73,43627,84],{"class":83},[73,43629,528],{"class":105},[73,43631,384],{"class":87},[73,43633,587],{"class":91},[73,43635,384],{"class":87},[73,43637,149],{"class":105},[73,43639,88],{"class":87},[73,43641,4350],{"class":91},[73,43643,384],{"class":87},[73,43645,229],{"class":105},[73,43647,43648,43651,43653],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43649,43650],{"class":79},"copy_ref ",[73,43652,84],{"class":83},[73,43654,11719],{"class":79},[73,43656,43657],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43658,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43660,43661,43664,43666,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43662,43663],{"class":79},"copy_ref",[73,43665,817],{"class":105},[73,43667,564],{"class":114},[73,43669,106],{"class":105},[73,43671,384],{"class":87},[73,43673,9332],{"class":91},[73,43675,384],{"class":87},[73,43677,854],{"class":105},[73,43679,43680],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43681,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43683,43684,43686,43688,43690],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,43685,102],{"class":101},[73,43687,106],{"class":105},[73,43689,11728],{"class":114},[73,43691,854],{"class":105},[73,43693,43694,43696,43698,43700],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,43695,102],{"class":101},[73,43697,106],{"class":105},[73,43699,43663],{"class":114},[73,43701,854],{"class":105},[73,43703,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712,43714],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,43705,102],{"class":101},[73,43707,106],{"class":105},[73,43709,12245],{"class":101},[73,43711,106],{"class":105},[73,43713,11728],{"class":114},[73,43715,118],{"class":105},[73,43717,43718,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,43719,102],{"class":101},[73,43721,106],{"class":105},[73,43723,12245],{"class":101},[73,43725,106],{"class":105},[73,43727,43663],{"class":114},[73,43729,118],{"class":105},[20,43731,5146],{},[64,43733,43735],{"className":66,"code":43734,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43736,43737,43765],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43738,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43740,138],{"class":105},[73,43742,141],{"class":87},[73,43744,587],{"class":91},[73,43746,141],{"class":87},[73,43748,149],{"class":105},[73,43750,152],{"class":87},[73,43752,4350],{"class":91},[73,43754,141],{"class":87},[73,43756,149],{"class":105},[73,43758,152],{"class":87},[73,43760,9332],{"class":91},[73,43762,141],{"class":87},[73,43764,229],{"class":105},[73,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43768,138],{"class":105},[73,43770,141],{"class":87},[73,43772,587],{"class":91},[73,43774,141],{"class":87},[73,43776,149],{"class":105},[73,43778,152],{"class":87},[73,43780,4350],{"class":91},[73,43782,141],{"class":87},[73,43784,149],{"class":105},[73,43786,152],{"class":87},[73,43788,9332],{"class":91},[73,43790,141],{"class":87},[73,43792,229],{"class":105},[20,43794,43795],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[59,43797,43799,43800],{"id":43798},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43801,42863],{},[20,43803,43804,43805,43807],{},"Do not use ",[15,43806,42863],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43809,43810],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,43812,43813,43819,43825,43828],{},[33,43814,43815,43816,43818],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43817,4277],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,43820,43821,43822,43824],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43823,42863],{}," values across program runs",[33,43826,43827],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,43829,43830,43831],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43832,42863],{},[20,43834,43835],{},"Bad example:",[64,43837,43839],{"className":66,"code":43838,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43840,43841,43853,43865,43869,43891],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43842,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43844,2145],{"class":79},[73,43846,84],{"class":83},[73,43848,88],{"class":87},[73,43850,36418],{"class":91},[73,43852,95],{"class":87},[73,43854,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43856,2173],{"class":79},[73,43858,84],{"class":83},[73,43860,88],{"class":87},[73,43862,36418],{"class":91},[73,43864,95],{"class":87},[73,43866,43867],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,43868,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,43872,6588],{"class":646},[73,43874,14414],{"class":101},[73,43876,106],{"class":105},[73,43878,587],{"class":114},[73,43880,3246],{"class":105},[73,43882,5997],{"class":83},[73,43884,14414],{"class":101},[73,43886,106],{"class":105},[73,43888,4350],{"class":114},[73,43890,7933],{"class":105},[73,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899,43902,43904],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,43894,7659],{"class":101},[73,43896,106],{"class":105},[73,43898,384],{"class":87},[73,43900,43901],{"class":91},"The values are equal",[73,43903,384],{"class":87},[73,43905,854],{"class":105},[20,43907,43908],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[64,43910,43912],{"className":66,"code":43911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43913,43914,43927],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43915,43916,43918,43921,43923,43925],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43917,6588],{"class":646},[73,43919,43920],{"class":79}," a ",[73,43922,4277],{"class":83},[73,43924,2150],{"class":79},[73,43926,5982],{"class":105},[73,43928,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,43930,7659],{"class":101},[73,43932,106],{"class":105},[73,43934,384],{"class":87},[73,43936,43901],{"class":91},[73,43938,384],{"class":87},[73,43940,854],{"class":105},[20,43942,121,43943,2468,43945,43947],{},[15,43944,11789],{},[15,43946,42863],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[59,43949,20400],{"id":20399},[20,43951,43952],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,43954,43955,43958,43961,43966],{},[33,43956,43957],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,43959,43960],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,43962,43963,43964],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,43965,42863],{},[33,43967,43968,43969],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,43970,42863],{},[20,43972,43973],{},"The important rule is:",[30,43975,43976,43981],{},[33,43977,121,43978,43980],{},[15,43979,4277],{}," to check value",[33,43982,121,43983,43985],{},[15,43984,11789],{}," to check identity",[20,43987,43988,43989,43991],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,43990,42863],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[59,43993,1207],{"id":1206},[20,43995,43996,43997,2475],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,43998,42863],{},[30,44000,44001,44009,44012,44015,44020],{},[33,44002,438,44003,44005,44006,44008],{},[15,44004,42863],{}," when ",[15,44007,4277],{}," should be used",[33,44010,44011],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44013,44014],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44016,44017,44018],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44019,42863],{},[33,44021,438,44022,44024],{},[15,44023,42863],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44026,44027],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[64,44029,44031],{"className":66,"code":44030,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44032,44033,44048,44062,44076,44090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44034,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44036,102],{"class":101},[73,44038,106],{"class":105},[73,44040,12245],{"class":101},[73,44042,106],{"class":105},[73,44044,44045],{"class":114},"my_object",[73,44047,118],{"class":105},[73,44049,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44051,102],{"class":101},[73,44053,106],{"class":105},[73,44055,2145],{"class":114},[73,44057,4277],{"class":83},[73,44059,2150],{"class":114},[73,44061,854],{"class":105},[73,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44065,102],{"class":101},[73,44067,106],{"class":105},[73,44069,2145],{"class":114},[73,44071,11789],{"class":646},[73,44073,2150],{"class":114},[73,44075,854],{"class":105},[73,44077,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,44079,102],{"class":101},[73,44081,106],{"class":105},[73,44083,1271],{"class":1270},[73,44085,106],{"class":105},[73,44087,44045],{"class":114},[73,44089,118],{"class":105},[73,44091,44092,44094,44096,44098],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,44093,842],{"class":101},[73,44095,106],{"class":105},[73,44097,12245],{"class":101},[73,44099,854],{"class":105},[59,44101,1405],{"id":1404},[292,44103,44105,44106,12312],{"id":44104},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44107,42863],{},[20,44109,44110],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[292,44112,14501,44114,44116],{"id":44113},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44115,42863],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44118,44119],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[292,44121,21020,44123,44125],{"id":44122},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44124,42863],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44127,29868,44128,44130,44131,2468,44133,44135],{},[15,44129,4277],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44132,42863],{},[15,44134,11789],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[292,44137,44139,44140,1424],{"id":44138},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44141,42863],{},[20,44143,44144],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[292,44146,44148,44149,44151],{"id":44147},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44150,42863],{}," values?",[20,44153,44154],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[59,44156,1461],{"id":1460},[30,44158,44159,44164,44169,44174,44182],{},[33,44160,44161],{},[587,44162,44163],{"href":43001},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44165,44166],{},[587,44167,44168],{"href":43310},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44170,44171],{},[587,44172,44173],{"href":43314},"Python data types overview",[33,44175,44176],{},[587,44177,13,44179,1470],{"href":44178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44180,44181],{},"isinstance()",[33,44183,44184],{},[587,44185,44187],{"href":44186},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1500,44189,44190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":44192},[44193,44195,44196,44197,44198,44199,44201,44203,44204,44205,44217],{"id":42967,"depth":98,"text":44194},"What id() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":43135,"depth":98,"text":43136},{"id":43318,"depth":98,"text":43319},{"id":43430,"depth":98,"text":43431},{"id":43587,"depth":98,"text":44200},"When id() is useful",{"id":43798,"depth":98,"text":44202},"When not to use id()",{"id":20399,"depth":98,"text":20400},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":44206},[44207,44209,44211,44213,44215],{"id":44104,"depth":332,"text":44208},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44113,"depth":332,"text":44210},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44122,"depth":332,"text":44212},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44138,"depth":332,"text":44214},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44147,"depth":332,"text":44216},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42855,"description":44218},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44225,"title":41568,"body":44226,"description":45866,"extension":1552,"meta":45867,"navigation":335,"path":45868,"seo":45869,"stem":45870,"__hash__":45871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44227,"toc":45832},[44228,44233,44238,44241,44243,44286,44291,44294,44299,44304,44307,44323,44325,44369,44371,44398,44400,44415,44417,44419,44421,44437,44439,44451,44454,44488,44491,44516,44521,44523,44528,44532,44535,44537,44585,44587,44620,44626,44637,44639,44691,44693,44724,44726,44730,44734,44777,44783,44789,44841,44849,44854,44858,44949,44951,44984,44987,44989,45049,45051,45077,45087,45089,45093,45098,45103,45105,45142,45144,45163,45166,45170,45173,45229,45241,45250,45252,45279,45287,45294,45298,45301,45338,45341,45347,45384,45386,45390,45396,45414,45419,45467,45471,45560,45563,45570,45572,45574,45579,45597,45599,45642,45648,45665,45667,45729,45731,45733,45739,45747,45753,45759,45768,45778,45782,45790,45792,45794,45829],[10,44229,13,44231,18],{"id":44230},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44232,2549],{},[20,44234,1569,44235,44237],{},[15,44236,2549],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44239,44240],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[59,44242,62],{"id":61},[64,44244,44246],{"className":66,"code":44245,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44247,44248,44267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44249,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260,44263,44265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44251,80],{"class":79},[73,44253,84],{"class":83},[73,44255,7833],{"class":101},[73,44257,106],{"class":105},[73,44259,384],{"class":87},[73,44261,44262],{"class":91},"Enter your name: ",[73,44264,384],{"class":87},[73,44266,854],{"class":105},[73,44268,44269,44271,44273,44275,44278,44280,44282,44284],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44270,102],{"class":101},[73,44272,106],{"class":105},[73,44274,384],{"class":87},[73,44276,44277],{"class":91},"Hello, ",[73,44279,384],{"class":87},[73,44281,2044],{"class":83},[73,44283,35361],{"class":114},[73,44285,854],{"class":105},[20,44287,121,44288,44290],{},[15,44289,2549],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44292,44293],"hr",{},[59,44295,236,44297,239],{"id":44296},"what-input-does",[15,44298,2549],{},[20,44300,44301,44303],{},[15,44302,2549],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44305,44306],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44308,44309,44314,44317,44320],{},[33,44310,44311,44313],{},[15,44312,2549],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44315,44316],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44318,44319],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44321,44322],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44324,714],{},[64,44326,44328],{"className":66,"code":44327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44329,44330,44350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44331,44332,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44346,44348],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44333,44334],{"class":79},"color ",[73,44336,84],{"class":83},[73,44338,7833],{"class":101},[73,44340,106],{"class":105},[73,44342,384],{"class":87},[73,44344,44345],{"class":91},"What is your favorite color? ",[73,44347,384],{"class":87},[73,44349,854],{"class":105},[73,44351,44352,44354,44356,44358,44361,44363,44365,44367],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44353,102],{"class":101},[73,44355,106],{"class":105},[73,44357,384],{"class":87},[73,44359,44360],{"class":91},"Your favorite color is",[73,44362,384],{"class":87},[73,44364,149],{"class":105},[73,44366,35220],{"class":114},[73,44368,854],{"class":105},[20,44370,29627],{},[64,44372,44374],{"className":66,"code":44373,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44375,44376,44389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44377,44378,44380,44382,44385,44387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44379,236],{"class":79},[73,44381,11789],{"class":83},[73,44383,44384],{"class":79}," your favorite color",[73,44386,1424],{"class":36738},[73,44388,35250],{"class":79},[73,44390,44391,44394,44396],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44392,44393],{"class":79},"Your favorite color ",[73,44395,11789],{"class":83},[73,44397,35250],{"class":79},[20,44399,19556],{},[30,44401,44402,44407,44412],{},[33,44403,44404,44405],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44406,44345],{},[33,44408,44409,44410],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44411,32488],{},[33,44413,44414],{},"That value is then printed",[44292,44416],{},[59,44418,285],{"id":284},[20,44420,6808],{},[64,44422,44424],{"className":66,"code":44423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44425,44426],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44427,44428,44430,44432,44435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44429,41837],{"class":101},[73,44431,106],{"class":105},[73,44433,44434],{"class":114},"prompt",[73,44436,854],{"class":105},[20,44438,261],{},[30,44440,44441,44445,44448],{},[33,44442,1569,44443,19638],{},[15,44444,44434],{},[33,44446,44447],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44449,44450],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44452,44453],{},"Example with a prompt:",[64,44455,44457],{"className":66,"code":44456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44458,44459,44478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44474,44476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44462,7551],{"class":79},[73,44464,84],{"class":83},[73,44466,7833],{"class":101},[73,44468,106],{"class":105},[73,44470,384],{"class":87},[73,44472,44473],{"class":91},"Enter your username: ",[73,44475,384],{"class":87},[73,44477,854],{"class":105},[73,44479,44480,44482,44484,44486],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44481,102],{"class":101},[73,44483,106],{"class":105},[73,44485,7575],{"class":114},[73,44487,854],{"class":105},[20,44489,44490],{},"Example without a prompt:",[64,44492,44494],{"className":66,"code":44493,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44495,44496,44506],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44497,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44499,2037],{"class":79},[73,44501,84],{"class":83},[73,44503,7833],{"class":101},[73,44505,8233],{"class":105},[73,44507,44508,44510,44512,44514],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44509,102],{"class":101},[73,44511,106],{"class":105},[73,44513,2063],{"class":114},[73,44515,854],{"class":105},[20,44517,7352,44518,44520],{},[15,44519,2549],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44292,44522],{},[59,44524,236,44526,11300],{"id":44525},"what-input-returns",[15,44527,2549],{},[20,44529,44530,7816],{},[15,44531,2549],{},[20,44533,44534],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44536,714],{},[64,44538,44540],{"className":66,"code":44539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44541,44542,44561,44571],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44557,44559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44545,21227],{"class":79},[73,44547,84],{"class":83},[73,44549,7833],{"class":101},[73,44551,106],{"class":105},[73,44553,384],{"class":87},[73,44555,44556],{"class":91},"Enter your age: ",[73,44558,384],{"class":87},[73,44560,854],{"class":105},[73,44562,44563,44565,44567,44569],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44564,102],{"class":101},[73,44566,106],{"class":105},[73,44568,8891],{"class":114},[73,44570,854],{"class":105},[73,44572,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581,44583],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44574,102],{"class":101},[73,44576,106],{"class":105},[73,44578,1271],{"class":1270},[73,44580,106],{"class":105},[73,44582,8891],{"class":114},[73,44584,118],{"class":105},[20,44586,29627],{},[64,44588,44590],{"className":66,"code":44589,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44591,44592,44602,44606],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44593,44594,44597,44599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44595,44596],{"class":79},"Enter your age",[73,44598,2475],{"class":105},[73,44600,44601],{"class":315}," 25\n",[73,44603,44604],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44605,2299],{"class":315},[73,44607,44608,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44609,2879],{"class":83},[73,44611,2882],{"class":633},[73,44613,152],{"class":87},[73,44615,3031],{"class":91},[73,44617,141],{"class":87},[73,44619,2891],{"class":83},[20,44621,44622,44623,44625],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44624,8785],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44627,44628,44629,2468,44633,817],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[587,44630,44631],{"href":2464},[15,44632,2467],{},[587,44634,44635],{"href":2471},[15,44636,2474],{},[20,44638,714],{},[64,44640,44642],{"className":66,"code":44641,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44643,44644,44667,44677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44645,44646,44648,44650,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44647,21227],{"class":79},[73,44649,84],{"class":83},[73,44651,44652],{"class":1270}," int",[73,44654,106],{"class":105},[73,44656,41837],{"class":101},[73,44658,106],{"class":105},[73,44660,384],{"class":87},[73,44662,44556],{"class":91},[73,44664,384],{"class":87},[73,44666,118],{"class":105},[73,44668,44669,44671,44673,44675],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44670,102],{"class":101},[73,44672,106],{"class":105},[73,44674,8891],{"class":114},[73,44676,854],{"class":105},[73,44678,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687,44689],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44680,102],{"class":101},[73,44682,106],{"class":105},[73,44684,1271],{"class":1270},[73,44686,106],{"class":105},[73,44688,8891],{"class":114},[73,44690,118],{"class":105},[20,44692,29627],{},[64,44694,44696],{"className":66,"code":44695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44697,44698,44706,44710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44699,44700,44702,44704],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44701,44596],{"class":79},[73,44703,2475],{"class":105},[73,44705,44601],{"class":315},[73,44707,44708],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44709,2299],{"class":315},[73,44711,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44722],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44713,2879],{"class":83},[73,44715,2882],{"class":633},[73,44717,152],{"class":87},[73,44719,1778],{"class":91},[73,44721,141],{"class":87},[73,44723,2891],{"class":83},[44292,44725],{},[59,44727,44729],{"id":44728},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[292,44731,44733],{"id":44732},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[64,44735,44737],{"className":66,"code":44736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44738,44739,44758],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44751,44754,44756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44742,80],{"class":79},[73,44744,84],{"class":83},[73,44746,7833],{"class":101},[73,44748,106],{"class":105},[73,44750,384],{"class":87},[73,44752,44753],{"class":91},"What is your name? ",[73,44755,384],{"class":87},[73,44757,854],{"class":105},[73,44759,44760,44762,44764,44766,44769,44771,44773,44775],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44761,102],{"class":101},[73,44763,106],{"class":105},[73,44765,384],{"class":87},[73,44767,44768],{"class":91},"Hello,",[73,44770,384],{"class":87},[73,44772,149],{"class":105},[73,44774,35361],{"class":114},[73,44776,854],{"class":105},[20,44778,44779,44780,44782],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44781,115],{}," and prints it.",[292,44784,44786,44787],{"id":44785},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44788,2467],{},[64,44790,44792],{"className":66,"code":44791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44793,44794,44817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44795,44796,44798,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810,44813,44815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44797,21227],{"class":79},[73,44799,84],{"class":83},[73,44801,44652],{"class":1270},[73,44803,106],{"class":105},[73,44805,41837],{"class":101},[73,44807,106],{"class":105},[73,44809,384],{"class":87},[73,44811,44812],{"class":91},"How old are you? ",[73,44814,384],{"class":87},[73,44816,118],{"class":105},[73,44818,44819,44821,44823,44825,44828,44830,44832,44835,44837,44839],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44820,102],{"class":101},[73,44822,106],{"class":105},[73,44824,384],{"class":87},[73,44826,44827],{"class":91},"Next year you will be",[73,44829,384],{"class":87},[73,44831,149],{"class":105},[73,44833,44834],{"class":114}," age ",[73,44836,1649],{"class":83},[73,44838,5084],{"class":315},[73,44840,854],{"class":105},[20,44842,5648,44843,44845,44846,44848],{},[15,44844,2467],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44847,2549],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44850,44851,44852,817],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[587,44853,8572],{"href":8571},[292,44855,44857],{"id":44856},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[64,44859,44861],{"className":66,"code":44860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44862,44863,44887,44911,44925,44929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44864,44865,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878,44880,44883,44885],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44866,44867],{"class":79},"num1 ",[73,44869,84],{"class":83},[73,44871,44652],{"class":1270},[73,44873,106],{"class":105},[73,44875,41837],{"class":101},[73,44877,106],{"class":105},[73,44879,384],{"class":87},[73,44881,44882],{"class":91},"Enter the first number: ",[73,44884,384],{"class":87},[73,44886,118],{"class":105},[73,44888,44889,44892,44894,44896,44898,44900,44902,44904,44907,44909],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44890,44891],{"class":79},"num2 ",[73,44893,84],{"class":83},[73,44895,44652],{"class":1270},[73,44897,106],{"class":105},[73,44899,41837],{"class":101},[73,44901,106],{"class":105},[73,44903,384],{"class":87},[73,44905,44906],{"class":91},"Enter the second number: ",[73,44908,384],{"class":87},[73,44910,118],{"class":105},[73,44912,44913,44915,44917,44920,44922],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44914,40556],{"class":79},[73,44916,84],{"class":83},[73,44918,44919],{"class":79}," num1 ",[73,44921,1649],{"class":83},[73,44923,44924],{"class":79}," num2\n",[73,44926,44927],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,44928,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,44930,44931,44933,44935,44937,44940,44942,44944,44947],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,44932,102],{"class":101},[73,44934,106],{"class":105},[73,44936,384],{"class":87},[73,44938,44939],{"class":91},"Total:",[73,44941,384],{"class":87},[73,44943,149],{"class":105},[73,44945,44946],{"class":114}," total",[73,44948,854],{"class":105},[20,44950,29627],{},[64,44952,44954],{"className":66,"code":44953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44955,44956,44966,44975],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44957,44958,44961,44963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44959,44960],{"class":79},"Enter the first number",[73,44962,2475],{"class":105},[73,44964,44965],{"class":315}," 2\n",[73,44967,44968,44971,44973],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,44969,44970],{"class":79},"Enter the second number",[73,44972,2475],{"class":105},[73,44974,2168],{"class":315},[73,44976,44977,44980,44982],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,44978,44979],{"class":79},"Total",[73,44981,2475],{"class":105},[73,44983,624],{"class":315},[20,44985,44986],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,44988,714],{},[64,44990,44992],{"className":66,"code":44991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,44993,44994,45012,45030,45034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44995,44996,44998,45000,45002,45004,45006,45008,45010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44997,44867],{"class":79},[73,44999,84],{"class":83},[73,45001,7833],{"class":101},[73,45003,106],{"class":105},[73,45005,384],{"class":87},[73,45007,44882],{"class":91},[73,45009,384],{"class":87},[73,45011,854],{"class":105},[73,45013,45014,45016,45018,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45015,44891],{"class":79},[73,45017,84],{"class":83},[73,45019,7833],{"class":101},[73,45021,106],{"class":105},[73,45023,384],{"class":87},[73,45025,44906],{"class":91},[73,45027,384],{"class":87},[73,45029,854],{"class":105},[73,45031,45032],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45033,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,45035,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044,45047],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,45037,102],{"class":101},[73,45039,106],{"class":105},[73,45041,44867],{"class":114},[73,45043,1649],{"class":83},[73,45045,45046],{"class":114}," num2",[73,45048,854],{"class":105},[20,45050,29627],{},[64,45052,45054],{"className":66,"code":45053,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45055,45056,45064,45072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45057,45058,45060,45062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45059,44960],{"class":79},[73,45061,2475],{"class":105},[73,45063,44965],{"class":315},[73,45065,45066,45068,45070],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45067,44970],{"class":79},[73,45069,2475],{"class":105},[73,45071,2168],{"class":315},[73,45073,45074],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45075,45076],{"class":315},"23\n",[20,45078,45079,45080,45083,45084,817],{},"That happens because ",[15,45081,45082],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45085,45086],{},"\"23\"",[44292,45088],{},[59,45090,45092],{"id":45091},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45094,45095,45096,817],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45097,2549],{},[292,45099,4293,45101,40916],{"id":45100},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45102,2549],{},[20,45104,38571],{},[64,45106,45108],{"className":66,"code":45107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45109,45110,45128],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45111,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45113,2037],{"class":79},[73,45115,84],{"class":83},[73,45117,7833],{"class":101},[73,45119,106],{"class":105},[73,45121,384],{"class":87},[73,45123,41245],{"class":91},[73,45125,384],{"class":87},[73,45127,854],{"class":105},[73,45129,45130,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45131,102],{"class":101},[73,45133,106],{"class":105},[73,45135,1271],{"class":1270},[73,45137,106],{"class":105},[73,45139,2063],{"class":114},[73,45141,118],{"class":105},[20,45143,1660],{},[64,45145,45147],{"className":66,"code":45146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45148,45149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45150,45151,45153,45155,45157,45159,45161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45152,2879],{"class":83},[73,45154,2882],{"class":633},[73,45156,152],{"class":87},[73,45158,3031],{"class":91},[73,45160,141],{"class":87},[73,45162,2891],{"class":83},[20,45164,45165],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[292,45167,45169],{"id":45168},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45171,45172],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[64,45174,45176],{"className":66,"code":45175,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45177,45178,45196,45215],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45179,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45181,2145],{"class":79},[73,45183,84],{"class":83},[73,45185,7833],{"class":101},[73,45187,106],{"class":105},[73,45189,384],{"class":87},[73,45191,41245],{"class":91},[73,45193,384],{"class":87},[73,45195,854],{"class":105},[73,45197,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208,45211,45213],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45199,2173],{"class":79},[73,45201,84],{"class":83},[73,45203,7833],{"class":101},[73,45205,106],{"class":105},[73,45207,384],{"class":87},[73,45209,45210],{"class":91},"Enter another number: ",[73,45212,384],{"class":87},[73,45214,854],{"class":105},[73,45216,45217,45219,45221,45223,45225,45227],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45218,102],{"class":101},[73,45220,106],{"class":105},[73,45222,2145],{"class":114},[73,45224,1649],{"class":83},[73,45226,2150],{"class":114},[73,45228,854],{"class":105},[20,45230,40494,45231,355,45233,45235,45236,18562,45239,817],{},[15,45232,2095],{},[15,45234,1727],{},", the result is ",[15,45237,45238],{},"45",[15,45240,1735],{},[292,45242,45244,45245,45247,45248],{"id":45243},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45246,40077],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45249,2467],{},[20,45251,714],{},[64,45253,45255],{"className":66,"code":45254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45256,45257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45258,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45277],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45260,21227],{"class":79},[73,45262,84],{"class":83},[73,45264,44652],{"class":1270},[73,45266,106],{"class":105},[73,45268,41837],{"class":101},[73,45270,106],{"class":105},[73,45272,384],{"class":87},[73,45274,44556],{"class":91},[73,45276,384],{"class":87},[73,45278,118],{"class":105},[20,45280,7862,45281,45284,45285,817],{},[15,45282,45283],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45286,40077],{},[20,45288,45289,45290,817],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[587,45291,45293],{"href":45292},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[292,45295,45297],{"id":45296},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45299,45300],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[64,45302,45304],{"className":66,"code":45303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45305,45306,45324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45307,45308,45310,45312,45314,45316,45318,45320,45322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45309,80],{"class":79},[73,45311,84],{"class":83},[73,45313,7833],{"class":101},[73,45315,106],{"class":105},[73,45317,384],{"class":87},[73,45319,44262],{"class":91},[73,45321,384],{"class":87},[73,45323,854],{"class":105},[73,45325,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45327,102],{"class":101},[73,45329,106],{"class":105},[73,45331,41153],{"class":101},[73,45333,106],{"class":105},[73,45335,115],{"class":114},[73,45337,118],{"class":105},[20,45339,45340],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45342,45343,45344,2475],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45345,45346],{},".strip()",[64,45348,45350],{"className":66,"code":45349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45351,45352,45374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45353,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45355,80],{"class":79},[73,45357,84],{"class":83},[73,45359,7833],{"class":101},[73,45361,106],{"class":105},[73,45363,384],{"class":87},[73,45365,44262],{"class":91},[73,45367,384],{"class":87},[73,45369,8223],{"class":105},[73,45371,506],{"class":114},[73,45373,8233],{"class":105},[73,45375,45376,45378,45380,45382],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45377,102],{"class":101},[73,45379,106],{"class":105},[73,45381,115],{"class":114},[73,45383,854],{"class":105},[44292,45385],{},[59,45387,45389],{"id":45388},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45391,45392,45393,45395],{},"These habits make ",[15,45394,2549],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45397,45398,45401,45406,45409],{},[33,45399,45400],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45402,121,45403,45405],{},[15,45404,45346],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45407,45408],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45410,121,45411,45413],{},[15,45412,29379],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45415,45416,45417,2475],{},"Example with ",[15,45418,45346],{},[64,45420,45422],{"className":66,"code":45421,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45423,45424,45448],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45425,45426,45429,45431,45433,45435,45437,45440,45442,45444,45446],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45427,45428],{"class":79},"city ",[73,45430,84],{"class":83},[73,45432,7833],{"class":101},[73,45434,106],{"class":105},[73,45436,384],{"class":87},[73,45438,45439],{"class":91},"Enter your city: ",[73,45441,384],{"class":87},[73,45443,8223],{"class":105},[73,45445,506],{"class":114},[73,45447,8233],{"class":105},[73,45449,45450,45452,45454,45456,45459,45461,45463,45465],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45451,102],{"class":101},[73,45453,106],{"class":105},[73,45455,384],{"class":87},[73,45457,45458],{"class":91},"City:",[73,45460,384],{"class":87},[73,45462,149],{"class":105},[73,45464,30983],{"class":114},[73,45466,854],{"class":105},[20,45468,45416,45469,2475],{},[15,45470,29379],{},[64,45472,45474],{"className":66,"code":45473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45475,45476,45482,45505,45537,45545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45477,45478,45480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45479,29401],{"class":646},[73,45481,5982],{"class":105},[73,45483,45484,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499,45501,45503],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45485,45486],{"class":79},"    age ",[73,45488,84],{"class":83},[73,45490,44652],{"class":1270},[73,45492,106],{"class":105},[73,45494,41837],{"class":101},[73,45496,106],{"class":105},[73,45498,384],{"class":87},[73,45500,44556],{"class":91},[73,45502,384],{"class":87},[73,45504,118],{"class":105},[73,45506,45507,45509,45511,45513,45516,45518,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45533,45535],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45508,7659],{"class":101},[73,45510,106],{"class":105},[73,45512,384],{"class":87},[73,45514,45515],{"class":91},"You will be",[73,45517,384],{"class":87},[73,45519,149],{"class":105},[73,45521,44834],{"class":114},[73,45523,1649],{"class":83},[73,45525,5084],{"class":315},[73,45527,149],{"class":105},[73,45529,88],{"class":87},[73,45531,45532],{"class":91},"next year",[73,45534,384],{"class":87},[73,45536,854],{"class":105},[73,45538,45539,45541,45543],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,45540,29432],{"class":646},[73,45542,41300],{"class":1270},[73,45544,5982],{"class":105},[73,45546,45547,45549,45551,45553,45556,45558],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,45548,7659],{"class":101},[73,45550,106],{"class":105},[73,45552,384],{"class":87},[73,45554,45555],{"class":91},"Please enter a whole number.",[73,45557,384],{"class":87},[73,45559,854],{"class":105},[20,45561,45562],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45564,45565,45566,817],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[587,45567,45569],{"href":45568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44292,45571],{},[59,45573,1207],{"id":1206},[20,45575,45576,45577,2475],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45578,2549],{},[30,45580,45581,45588,45591,45594],{},[33,45582,45583,45584,2468,45586],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45585,2467],{},[15,45587,2474],{},[33,45589,45590],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45592,45593],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45595,45596],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45598,31681],{},[64,45600,45602],{"className":66,"code":45601,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45603,45604,45614,45628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45605,45606,45608,45610,45612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45607,102],{"class":101},[73,45609,106],{"class":105},[73,45611,2063],{"class":114},[73,45613,854],{"class":105},[73,45615,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45617,102],{"class":101},[73,45619,106],{"class":105},[73,45621,1271],{"class":1270},[73,45623,106],{"class":105},[73,45625,2063],{"class":114},[73,45627,118],{"class":105},[73,45629,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638,45640],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45631,102],{"class":101},[73,45633,106],{"class":105},[73,45635,41153],{"class":101},[73,45637,106],{"class":105},[73,45639,2063],{"class":114},[73,45641,118],{"class":105},[20,45643,45644,45645,45647],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45646,2549],{}," actually returned:",[30,45649,45650,45655,45660],{},[33,45651,45652,45654],{},[15,45653,41201],{}," shows the value",[33,45656,45657,45659],{},[15,45658,41207],{}," shows the data type",[33,45661,45662,45664],{},[15,45663,41212],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45666,714],{},[64,45668,45670],{"className":66,"code":45669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45671,45672,45691,45701,45715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45673,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45687,45689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45675,2037],{"class":79},[73,45677,84],{"class":83},[73,45679,7833],{"class":101},[73,45681,106],{"class":105},[73,45683,384],{"class":87},[73,45685,45686],{"class":91},"Enter something: ",[73,45688,384],{"class":87},[73,45690,854],{"class":105},[73,45692,45693,45695,45697,45699],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45694,102],{"class":101},[73,45696,106],{"class":105},[73,45698,2063],{"class":114},[73,45700,854],{"class":105},[73,45702,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45704,102],{"class":101},[73,45706,106],{"class":105},[73,45708,1271],{"class":1270},[73,45710,106],{"class":105},[73,45712,2063],{"class":114},[73,45714,118],{"class":105},[73,45716,45717,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,45718,102],{"class":101},[73,45720,106],{"class":105},[73,45722,41153],{"class":101},[73,45724,106],{"class":105},[73,45726,2063],{"class":114},[73,45728,118],{"class":105},[44292,45730],{},[59,45732,1405],{"id":1404},[292,45734,12300,45736,45738],{"id":45735},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45737,2549],{}," return an integer?",[20,45740,45741,45742,45744,45745,39302],{},"No. ",[15,45743,2549],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45746,2467],{},[292,45748,45750,45751,1424],{"id":45749},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45752,2549],{},[20,45754,45755,45756,45758],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45757,2549],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[292,45760,4747,45762,45765,45766,1424],{"id":45761},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45763,45764],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45767,2549],{},[20,45769,28658,45770,45772,45773,41529,45775,45777],{},[15,45771,2549],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45774,45082],{},[15,45776,45086],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[292,45779,45781],{"id":45780},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45783,121,45784,45786,45787,817],{},[15,45785,45346],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45788,45789],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44292,45791],{},[59,45793,1461],{"id":1460},[30,45795,45796,45801,45805,45811,45817,45821],{},[33,45797,45798],{},[587,45799,45800],{"href":45568},"How to get user input in Python",[33,45802,45803],{},[587,45804,8649],{"href":8571},[33,45806,45807],{},[587,45808,13,45809,1470],{"href":2464},[15,45810,2467],{},[33,45812,45813],{},[587,45814,13,45815,1470],{"href":2471},[15,45816,2474],{},[33,45818,45819],{},[587,45820,45293],{"href":45292},[33,45822,45823],{},[587,45824,13,45826,1470],{"href":45825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45827,45828],{},"print()",[1500,45830,45831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":45833},[45834,45835,45837,45838,45840,45846,45854,45855,45856,45865],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":44296,"depth":98,"text":45836},"What input() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":44525,"depth":98,"text":45839},"What input() returns",{"id":44728,"depth":98,"text":44729,"children":45841},[45842,45843,45845],{"id":44732,"depth":332,"text":44733},{"id":44785,"depth":332,"text":45844},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44856,"depth":332,"text":44857},{"id":45091,"depth":98,"text":45092,"children":45847},[45848,45850,45851,45853],{"id":45100,"depth":332,"text":45849},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45168,"depth":332,"text":45169},{"id":45243,"depth":332,"text":45852},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45296,"depth":332,"text":45297},{"id":45388,"depth":98,"text":45389},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":45857},[45858,45860,45862,45864],{"id":45735,"depth":332,"text":45859},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45749,"depth":332,"text":45861},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45761,"depth":332,"text":45863},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45780,"depth":332,"text":45781},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41568,"description":45866},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45873,"title":41470,"body":45874,"description":48187,"extension":1552,"meta":48188,"navigation":335,"path":48189,"seo":48190,"stem":48191,"__hash__":48192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45875,"toc":48139},[45876,45881,45886,45891,45912,45915,45917,45977,45979,45998,46003,46008,46013,46015,46028,46030,46113,46115,46156,46162,46164,46194,46200,46203,46220,46222,46274,46276,46294,46300,46306,46309,46327,46329,46402,46404,46423,46430,46436,46441,46444,46504,46506,46525,46528,46531,46546,46552,46556,46617,46619,46640,46644,46773,46775,46905,46915,46921,46927,46935,47001,47003,47028,47031,47048,47061,47067,47070,47103,47105,47118,47121,47164,47166,47174,47181,47185,47192,47196,47223,47225,47233,47239,47256,47261,47265,47292,47294,47302,47306,47311,47314,47340,47343,47352,47360,47364,47374,47378,47381,47383,47434,47436,47466,47476,47503,47505,47513,47523,47527,47530,47532,47580,47582,47626,47632,47683,47685,47704,47709,47714,47717,47736,47739,47791,47793,47802,47804,47808,47812,47815,47824,47831,47833,47860,47864,47866,47875,47878,47885,47891,47951,47955,47957,47965,47968,47994,48000,48003,48023,48025,48034,48042,48044,48050,48055,48062,48072,48078,48086,48090,48093,48095,48136],[10,45877,13,45879,18],{"id":45878},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45880,2467],{},[20,45882,22,45883,45885],{},[15,45884,2467],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45887,1210,45888,45890],{},[15,45889,2467],{}," when they want to:",[30,45892,45893,45903,45906,45909],{},[33,45894,45895,45896,45899,45900],{},"turn text like ",[15,45897,45898],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45901,45902],{},"42",[33,45904,45905],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,45907,45908],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,45910,45911],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45913,45914],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[59,45916,62],{"id":61},[64,45918,45920],{"className":66,"code":45919,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45921,45922,45940,45954],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45923,45924,45926,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45925,102],{"class":101},[73,45927,106],{"class":105},[73,45929,1778],{"class":1270},[73,45931,106],{"class":105},[73,45933,384],{"class":87},[73,45935,45902],{"class":91},[73,45937,384],{"class":87},[73,45939,118],{"class":105},[73,45941,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45943,102],{"class":101},[73,45945,106],{"class":105},[73,45947,1778],{"class":1270},[73,45949,106],{"class":105},[73,45951,41358],{"class":315},[73,45953,118],{"class":105},[73,45955,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966,45969,45971,45973,45975],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45957,102],{"class":101},[73,45959,106],{"class":105},[73,45961,1778],{"class":1270},[73,45963,106],{"class":105},[73,45965,384],{"class":87},[73,45967,45968],{"class":91},"101",[73,45970,384],{"class":87},[73,45972,149],{"class":105},[73,45974,409],{"class":315},[73,45976,118],{"class":105},[20,45978,1660],{},[64,45980,45982],{"className":66,"code":45981,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,45983,45984,45989,45994],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45985,45986],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45987,45988],{"class":315},"42\n",[73,45990,45991],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,45992,45993],{"class":315},"3\n",[73,45995,45996],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,45997,2538],{"class":315},[20,45999,121,46000,46002],{},[15,46001,2467],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[59,46004,236,46006,239],{"id":46005},"what-int-does",[15,46007,2467],{},[20,46009,46010,46012],{},[15,46011,2467],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46014,12649],{},[30,46016,46017,46022,46025],{},[33,46018,46019,46020,6930],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46021,1778],{},[33,46023,46024],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46026,46027],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46029,714],{},[64,46031,46033],{"className":66,"code":46032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46034,46035,46047,46061,46065,46075,46085,46099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46036,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46038,461],{"class":79},[73,46040,84],{"class":83},[73,46042,88],{"class":87},[73,46044,8785],{"class":91},[73,46046,95],{"class":87},[73,46048,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46050,1806],{"class":79},[73,46052,84],{"class":83},[73,46054,44652],{"class":1270},[73,46056,106],{"class":105},[73,46058,482],{"class":114},[73,46060,854],{"class":105},[73,46062,46063],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46064,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,46068,102],{"class":101},[73,46070,106],{"class":105},[73,46072,482],{"class":114},[73,46074,854],{"class":105},[73,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,46078,102],{"class":101},[73,46080,106],{"class":105},[73,46082,1829],{"class":114},[73,46084,854],{"class":105},[73,46086,46087,46089,46091,46093,46095,46097],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,46088,102],{"class":101},[73,46090,106],{"class":105},[73,46092,1271],{"class":1270},[73,46094,106],{"class":105},[73,46096,482],{"class":114},[73,46098,118],{"class":105},[73,46100,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,46102,102],{"class":101},[73,46104,106],{"class":105},[73,46106,1271],{"class":1270},[73,46108,106],{"class":105},[73,46110,1829],{"class":114},[73,46112,118],{"class":105},[20,46114,1660],{},[64,46116,46118],{"className":66,"code":46117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46119,46120,46124,46128,46142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46121,46122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46123,2299],{"class":315},[73,46125,46126],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46127,2299],{"class":315},[73,46129,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46131,2879],{"class":83},[73,46133,2882],{"class":633},[73,46135,152],{"class":87},[73,46137,3031],{"class":91},[73,46139,141],{"class":87},[73,46141,2891],{"class":83},[73,46143,46144,46146,46148,46150,46152,46154],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,46145,2879],{"class":83},[73,46147,2882],{"class":633},[73,46149,152],{"class":87},[73,46151,1778],{"class":91},[73,46153,141],{"class":87},[73,46155,2891],{"class":83},[20,46157,46158,46159,46161],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46160,2467],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[59,46163,285],{"id":284},[64,46165,46167],{"className":66,"code":46166,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46168,46169,46179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46170,46171,46173,46175,46177],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46172,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46174,106],{"class":105},[73,46176,354],{"class":114},[73,46178,854],{"class":105},[73,46180,46181,46183,46185,46187,46189,46192],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46182,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46184,106],{"class":105},[73,46186,354],{"class":114},[73,46188,149],{"class":105},[73,46190,46191],{"class":114}," base",[73,46193,854],{"class":105},[292,46195,46197],{"id":46196},"intx",[15,46198,46199],{},"int(x)",[20,46201,46202],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46204,46205,46210,46215],{},[33,46206,46207,46208],{},"a string such as ",[15,46209,41500],{},[33,46211,46212,46213],{},"a float such as ",[15,46214,41358],{},[33,46216,46217,46218],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46219,3190],{},[20,46221,714],{},[64,46223,46225],{"className":66,"code":46224,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46226,46227,46245,46260],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46228,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239,46241,46243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46230,102],{"class":101},[73,46232,106],{"class":105},[73,46234,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46236,106],{"class":105},[73,46238,384],{"class":87},[73,46240,1920],{"class":91},[73,46242,384],{"class":87},[73,46244,118],{"class":105},[73,46246,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46258],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46248,102],{"class":101},[73,46250,106],{"class":105},[73,46252,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46254,106],{"class":105},[73,46256,46257],{"class":315},"8.7",[73,46259,118],{"class":105},[73,46261,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46263,102],{"class":101},[73,46265,106],{"class":105},[73,46267,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46269,106],{"class":105},[73,46271,3190],{"class":3438},[73,46273,118],{"class":105},[20,46275,1660],{},[64,46277,46279],{"className":66,"code":46278,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46280,46281,46285,46289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46282,46283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46284,1966],{"class":315},[73,46286,46287],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46288,1971],{"class":315},[73,46290,46291],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46292,46293],{"class":315},"1\n",[292,46295,46297],{"id":46296},"intx-base",[15,46298,46299],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46301,46302,46303,46305],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46304,354],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46307,46308],{},"Common bases:",[30,46310,46311,46316,46321],{},[33,46312,46313,46315],{},[15,46314,1646],{}," for binary",[33,46317,46318,46320],{},[15,46319,1935],{}," for octal",[33,46322,46323,46326],{},[15,46324,46325],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46328,714],{},[64,46330,46332],{"className":66,"code":46331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46333,46334,46356,46379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352,46354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46337,102],{"class":101},[73,46339,106],{"class":105},[73,46341,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46343,106],{"class":105},[73,46345,384],{"class":87},[73,46347,45968],{"class":91},[73,46349,384],{"class":87},[73,46351,149],{"class":105},[73,46353,409],{"class":315},[73,46355,118],{"class":105},[73,46357,46358,46360,46362,46364,46366,46368,46371,46373,46375,46377],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46359,102],{"class":101},[73,46361,106],{"class":105},[73,46363,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46365,106],{"class":105},[73,46367,384],{"class":87},[73,46369,46370],{"class":91},"17",[73,46372,384],{"class":87},[73,46374,149],{"class":105},[73,46376,5948],{"class":315},[73,46378,118],{"class":105},[73,46380,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391,46394,46396,46398,46400],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46382,102],{"class":101},[73,46384,106],{"class":105},[73,46386,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46388,106],{"class":105},[73,46390,384],{"class":87},[73,46392,46393],{"class":91},"1A",[73,46395,384],{"class":87},[73,46397,149],{"class":105},[73,46399,13585],{"class":315},[73,46401,118],{"class":105},[20,46403,1660],{},[64,46405,46407],{"className":66,"code":46406,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46408,46409,46413,46418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46410,46411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46412,2538],{"class":315},[73,46414,46415],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46416,46417],{"class":315},"15\n",[73,46419,46420],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46421,46422],{"class":315},"26\n",[20,46424,46425,46426,817],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[587,46427,46428,1892],{"href":2471},[15,46429,2474],{},[59,46431,438,46433,46435],{"id":46432},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46434,2467],{}," with strings",[20,46437,46438,46440],{},[15,46439,2467],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46442,46443],{},"Examples that work:",[64,46445,46447],{"className":66,"code":46446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46448,46449,46467,46485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461,46463,46465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46452,102],{"class":101},[73,46454,106],{"class":105},[73,46456,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46458,106],{"class":105},[73,46460,384],{"class":87},[73,46462,1727],{"class":91},[73,46464,384],{"class":87},[73,46466,118],{"class":105},[73,46468,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479,46481,46483],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46470,102],{"class":101},[73,46472,106],{"class":105},[73,46474,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46476,106],{"class":105},[73,46478,384],{"class":87},[73,46480,1882],{"class":91},[73,46482,384],{"class":87},[73,46484,118],{"class":105},[73,46486,46487,46489,46491,46493,46495,46497,46500,46502],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46488,102],{"class":101},[73,46490,106],{"class":105},[73,46492,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46494,106],{"class":105},[73,46496,384],{"class":87},[73,46498,46499],{"class":91},"  42  ",[73,46501,384],{"class":87},[73,46503,118],{"class":105},[20,46505,1660],{},[64,46507,46509],{"className":66,"code":46508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46510,46511,46515,46521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46512,46513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46514,2538],{"class":315},[73,46516,46517,46519],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46518,1611],{"class":83},[73,46520,1814],{"class":315},[73,46522,46523],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46524,45988],{"class":315},[20,46526,46527],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46529,46530],{},"Examples that fail:",[64,46532,46534],{"className":66,"code":46533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46535,46536,46541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46537,46538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46539,46540],{"class":3249},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[73,46542,46543],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46544,46545],{"class":3249},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46547,46548,46549,46551],{},"These raise ",[15,46550,40077],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[292,46553,46555],{"id":46554},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[64,46557,46559],{"className":66,"code":46558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46560,46561,46579,46598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46564,102],{"class":101},[73,46566,106],{"class":105},[73,46568,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46570,106],{"class":105},[73,46572,384],{"class":87},[73,46574,1710],{"class":91},[73,46576,384],{"class":87},[73,46578,118],{"class":105},[73,46580,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46594,46596],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46582,102],{"class":101},[73,46584,106],{"class":105},[73,46586,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46588,106],{"class":105},[73,46590,384],{"class":87},[73,46592,46593],{"class":91},"+7",[73,46595,384],{"class":87},[73,46597,118],{"class":105},[73,46599,46600,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46613,46615],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46601,102],{"class":101},[73,46603,106],{"class":105},[73,46605,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46607,106],{"class":105},[73,46609,384],{"class":87},[73,46611,46612],{"class":91},"-100",[73,46614,384],{"class":87},[73,46616,118],{"class":105},[20,46618,1660],{},[64,46620,46622],{"className":66,"code":46621,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46623,46624,46629,46633],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46625,46626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46627,46628],{"class":315},"0\n",[73,46630,46631],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46632,1670],{"class":315},[73,46634,46635,46637],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46636,1611],{"class":83},[73,46638,46639],{"class":315},"100\n",[292,46641,46643],{"id":46642},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[64,46645,46647],{"className":66,"code":46646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46648,46649,46687,46691,46703,46710,46725,46740],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46650,46651,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46670,46672,46674,46676,46678,46680,46683,46685],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46652,3409],{"class":79},[73,46654,84],{"class":83},[73,46656,528],{"class":105},[73,46658,384],{"class":87},[73,46660,39516],{"class":91},[73,46662,384],{"class":87},[73,46664,149],{"class":105},[73,46666,88],{"class":87},[73,46668,46669],{"class":91},"12abc",[73,46671,384],{"class":87},[73,46673,149],{"class":105},[73,46675,5714],{"class":87},[73,46677,149],{"class":105},[73,46679,88],{"class":87},[73,46681,46682],{"class":91},"seven",[73,46684,384],{"class":87},[73,46686,229],{"class":105},[73,46688,46689],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46690,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,46692,46693,46695,46697,46699,46701],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46694,5545],{"class":646},[73,46696,21184],{"class":79},[73,46698,3469],{"class":646},[73,46700,3472],{"class":79},[73,46702,5982],{"class":105},[73,46704,46705,46708],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,46706,46707],{"class":646},"    try",[73,46709,5982],{"class":105},[73,46711,46712,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,46713,46714],{"class":101},"        print",[73,46716,106],{"class":105},[73,46718,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46720,106],{"class":105},[73,46722,2063],{"class":114},[73,46724,118],{"class":105},[73,46726,46727,46730,46732,46735,46738],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,46728,46729],{"class":646},"    except",[73,46731,41300],{"class":1270},[73,46733,46734],{"class":646}," as",[73,46736,46737],{"class":79}," error",[73,46739,5982],{"class":105},[73,46741,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750,46752,46754,46757,46759,46762,46764,46767,46769,46771],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,46743,46714],{"class":101},[73,46745,106],{"class":105},[73,46747,21893],{"class":633},[73,46749,384],{"class":91},[73,46751,8870],{"class":315},[73,46753,2063],{"class":114},[73,46755,46756],{"class":633},"!r",[73,46758,21902],{"class":315},[73,46760,46761],{"class":91}," -> ",[73,46763,8870],{"class":315},[73,46765,46766],{"class":114},"error",[73,46768,21902],{"class":315},[73,46770,384],{"class":91},[73,46772,854],{"class":105},[20,46774,1660],{},[64,46776,46778],{"className":66,"code":46777,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46779,46780,46816,46848,46873],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46781,46782,46784,46786,46788,46791,46794,46796,46798,46800,46803,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46783,141],{"class":42703},[73,46785,39516],{"class":42707},[73,46787,141],{"class":42703},[73,46789,46790],{"class":36738}," ->",[73,46792,46793],{"class":79}," invalid literal ",[73,46795,5545],{"class":646},[73,46797,44652],{"class":1270},[73,46799,6956],{"class":105},[73,46801,46802],{"class":646}," with",[73,46804,46805],{"class":79}," base ",[73,46807,1920],{"class":315},[73,46809,2475],{"class":105},[73,46811,152],{"class":87},[73,46813,39516],{"class":91},[73,46815,29297],{"class":87},[73,46817,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46819,141],{"class":87},[73,46821,46669],{"class":91},[73,46823,141],{"class":87},[73,46825,46790],{"class":36738},[73,46827,46793],{"class":79},[73,46829,5545],{"class":646},[73,46831,44652],{"class":1270},[73,46833,6956],{"class":105},[73,46835,46802],{"class":646},[73,46837,46805],{"class":79},[73,46839,1920],{"class":315},[73,46841,2475],{"class":105},[73,46843,152],{"class":87},[73,46845,46669],{"class":91},[73,46847,29297],{"class":87},[73,46849,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46851,3359],{"class":87},[73,46853,46790],{"class":36738},[73,46855,46793],{"class":79},[73,46857,5545],{"class":646},[73,46859,44652],{"class":1270},[73,46861,6956],{"class":105},[73,46863,46802],{"class":646},[73,46865,46805],{"class":79},[73,46867,1920],{"class":315},[73,46869,2475],{"class":105},[73,46871,46872],{"class":87}," ''\n",[73,46874,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,46876,141],{"class":87},[73,46878,46682],{"class":91},[73,46880,141],{"class":87},[73,46882,46790],{"class":36738},[73,46884,46793],{"class":79},[73,46886,5545],{"class":646},[73,46888,44652],{"class":1270},[73,46890,6956],{"class":105},[73,46892,46802],{"class":646},[73,46894,46805],{"class":79},[73,46896,1920],{"class":315},[73,46898,2475],{"class":105},[73,46900,152],{"class":87},[73,46902,46682],{"class":91},[73,46904,29297],{"class":87},[20,46906,46907,46908,46910,46911,817],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[587,46909,8572],{"href":8571}," and the ",[587,46912,46913,1892],{"href":7810},[15,46914,2549],{},[59,46916,438,46918,46920],{"id":46917},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46919,2467],{}," with floats",[20,46922,46923,46924,46926],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46925,2467],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46928,46929,46930,13651,46932,46934],{},"Important: ",[15,46931,2467],{},[55,46933,806],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[64,46936,46938],{"className":66,"code":46937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46939,46940,46954,46969,46985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46941,46942,46944,46946,46948,46950,46952],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46943,102],{"class":101},[73,46945,106],{"class":105},[73,46947,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46949,106],{"class":105},[73,46951,41358],{"class":315},[73,46953,118],{"class":105},[73,46955,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46967],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,46957,102],{"class":101},[73,46959,106],{"class":105},[73,46961,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46963,106],{"class":105},[73,46965,46966],{"class":315},"3.1",[73,46968,118],{"class":105},[73,46970,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,46972,102],{"class":101},[73,46974,106],{"class":105},[73,46976,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46978,106],{"class":105},[73,46980,1611],{"class":83},[73,46982,41358],{"class":315},[73,46984,118],{"class":105},[73,46986,46987,46989,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,46988,102],{"class":101},[73,46990,106],{"class":105},[73,46992,1778],{"class":1270},[73,46994,106],{"class":105},[73,46996,1611],{"class":83},[73,46998,46966],{"class":315},[73,47000,118],{"class":105},[20,47002,1660],{},[64,47004,47006],{"className":66,"code":47005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47007,47008,47012,47016,47022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47009,47010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47011,45993],{"class":315},[73,47013,47014],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47015,45993],{"class":315},[73,47017,47018,47020],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47019,1611],{"class":83},[73,47021,45993],{"class":315},[73,47023,47024,47026],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47025,1611],{"class":83},[73,47027,45993],{"class":315},[20,47029,47030],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47032,47033,47040],{},[33,47034,47035,41529,47038],{},[15,47036,47037],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47039,1652],{},[33,47041,47042,41529,47045],{},[15,47043,47044],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47046,47047],{},"-3",[20,47049,47050,47051,47055,47056,817],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[587,47052,47053],{"href":2471},[15,47054,2474],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[587,47057,47058],{"href":41549},[15,47059,47060],{},"str()",[59,47062,438,47064,47066],{"id":47063},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47065,2467],{}," with booleans",[20,47068,47069],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[64,47071,47073],{"className":66,"code":47072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47074,47075,47089],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47076,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47078,102],{"class":101},[73,47080,106],{"class":105},[73,47082,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47084,106],{"class":105},[73,47086,3190],{"class":3438},[73,47088,118],{"class":105},[73,47090,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47092,102],{"class":101},[73,47094,106],{"class":105},[73,47096,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47098,106],{"class":105},[73,47100,3260],{"class":3438},[73,47102,118],{"class":105},[20,47104,1660],{},[64,47106,47108],{"className":66,"code":47107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n0\n",[15,47109,47110,47114],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47111,47112],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47113,46293],{"class":315},[73,47115,47116],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47117,46628],{"class":315},[20,47119,47120],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[64,47122,47124],{"className":66,"code":47123,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47125,47126,47135,47150,47154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47127,47128,47131,47133],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47129,47130],{"class":79},"passed ",[73,47132,84],{"class":83},[73,47134,6012],{"class":3438},[73,47136,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47148],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47138,40556],{"class":79},[73,47140,84],{"class":83},[73,47142,44652],{"class":1270},[73,47144,106],{"class":105},[73,47146,47147],{"class":114},"passed",[73,47149,854],{"class":105},[73,47151,47152],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47153,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,47155,47156,47158,47160,47162],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47157,102],{"class":101},[73,47159,106],{"class":105},[73,47161,40585],{"class":114},[73,47163,854],{"class":105},[20,47165,1660],{},[64,47167,47168],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47169,47170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47171,47172],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47173,46293],{"class":315},[20,47175,47176,47177,817],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[587,47178,47179,1892],{"href":5367},[15,47180,3399],{},[59,47182,47184],{"id":47183},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47186,47187,47188,47191],{},"Use the ",[15,47189,47190],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[292,47193,47195],{"id":47194},"binary-example","Binary example",[64,47197,47199],{"className":66,"code":47198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47200,47201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47202,47203,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47204,102],{"class":101},[73,47206,106],{"class":105},[73,47208,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47210,106],{"class":105},[73,47212,384],{"class":87},[73,47214,45968],{"class":91},[73,47216,384],{"class":87},[73,47218,149],{"class":105},[73,47220,409],{"class":315},[73,47222,118],{"class":105},[20,47224,1660],{},[64,47226,47227],{"className":66,"code":2538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47228,47229],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47230,47231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47232,2538],{"class":315},[20,47234,47235,47238],{},[15,47236,47237],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47240,47241,47246,47251],{},[33,47242,47243],{},[15,47244,47245],{},"1 × 4",[33,47247,47248],{},[15,47249,47250],{},"0 × 2",[33,47252,47253],{},[15,47254,47255],{},"1 × 1",[20,47257,47258,47259,817],{},"So the result is ",[15,47260,1727],{},[292,47262,47264],{"id":47263},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[64,47266,47268],{"className":66,"code":47267,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47269,47270],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47271,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47273,102],{"class":101},[73,47275,106],{"class":105},[73,47277,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47279,106],{"class":105},[73,47281,384],{"class":87},[73,47283,46393],{"class":91},[73,47285,384],{"class":87},[73,47287,149],{"class":105},[73,47289,13585],{"class":315},[73,47291,118],{"class":105},[20,47293,1660],{},[64,47295,47296],{"className":66,"code":46422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47297,47298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47299,47300],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47301,46422],{"class":315},[292,47303,47305],{"id":47304},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47307,1569,47308,47310],{},[15,47309,47190],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47312,47313],{},"Good:",[64,47315,47316],{"className":66,"code":47198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47317,47318],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47319,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47321,102],{"class":101},[73,47323,106],{"class":105},[73,47325,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47327,106],{"class":105},[73,47329,384],{"class":87},[73,47331,45968],{"class":91},[73,47333,384],{"class":87},[73,47335,149],{"class":105},[73,47337,409],{"class":315},[73,47339,118],{"class":105},[20,47341,47342],{},"Not correct:",[64,47344,47346],{"className":66,"code":47345,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47347,47348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47349,47350],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47351,47345],{"class":3249},[20,47353,47354,47355,8193,47357,47359],{},"That causes a ",[15,47356,2594],{},[15,47358,47190],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[59,47361,47363],{"id":47362},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47365,47366,47367,47369,47370,355,47372,817],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47368,2467],{}," are ",[15,47371,40077],{},[15,47373,2594],{},[292,47375,47376],{"id":40887},[15,47377,40077],{},[20,47379,47380],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47382,714],{},[64,47384,47386],{"className":66,"code":47385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47387,47388,47394,47412,47424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47389,47390,47392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47391,29401],{"class":646},[73,47393,5982],{"class":105},[73,47395,47396,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47397,7659],{"class":101},[73,47399,106],{"class":105},[73,47401,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47403,106],{"class":105},[73,47405,384],{"class":87},[73,47407,39516],{"class":91},[73,47409,384],{"class":87},[73,47411,118],{"class":105},[73,47413,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47415,29432],{"class":646},[73,47417,41300],{"class":1270},[73,47419,46734],{"class":646},[73,47421,46737],{"class":79},[73,47423,5982],{"class":105},[73,47425,47426,47428,47430,47432],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47427,7659],{"class":101},[73,47429,106],{"class":105},[73,47431,46766],{"class":114},[73,47433,854],{"class":105},[20,47435,1660],{},[64,47437,47439],{"className":66,"code":47438,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47440,47441],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47442,47443,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47444,47445],{"class":79},"invalid literal ",[73,47447,5545],{"class":646},[73,47449,44652],{"class":1270},[73,47451,6956],{"class":105},[73,47453,46802],{"class":646},[73,47455,46805],{"class":79},[73,47457,1920],{"class":315},[73,47459,2475],{"class":105},[73,47461,152],{"class":87},[73,47463,39516],{"class":91},[73,47465,29297],{"class":87},[20,47467,47468,47469,47472,47473,47475],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47470,47471],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47474,2467],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[64,47477,47479],{"className":66,"code":47478,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47480,47481],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47482,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47484,102],{"class":101},[73,47486,106],{"class":105},[73,47488,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47490,106],{"class":105},[73,47492,1781],{"class":1270},[73,47494,106],{"class":105},[73,47496,384],{"class":87},[73,47498,39516],{"class":91},[73,47500,384],{"class":87},[73,47502,2503],{"class":105},[20,47504,1660],{},[64,47506,47507],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47508,47509],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47510,47511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47512,45993],{"class":315},[20,47514,47515,47516,355,47519,817],{},"If you see this often, read ",[587,47517,47518],{"href":2553},"how to convert string to int in Python",[587,47520,25276,47521],{"href":45292},[15,47522,45293],{},[292,47524,47525],{"id":40953},[15,47526,2594],{},[20,47528,47529],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47531,714],{},[64,47533,47535],{"className":66,"code":47534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47536,47537,47543,47557,47570],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47538,47539,47541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47540,29401],{"class":646},[73,47542,5982],{"class":105},[73,47544,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47546,7659],{"class":101},[73,47548,106],{"class":105},[73,47550,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47552,106],{"class":105},[73,47554,3364],{"class":3438},[73,47556,118],{"class":105},[73,47558,47559,47561,47564,47566,47568],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47560,29432],{"class":646},[73,47562,47563],{"class":1270}," TypeError",[73,47565,46734],{"class":646},[73,47567,46737],{"class":79},[73,47569,5982],{"class":105},[73,47571,47572,47574,47576,47578],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47573,7659],{"class":101},[73,47575,106],{"class":105},[73,47577,46766],{"class":114},[73,47579,854],{"class":105},[20,47581,1660],{},[64,47583,47585],{"className":66,"code":47584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47586,47587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47588,47589,47591,47593,47596,47598,47600,47603,47605,47608,47610,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47590,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47592,6956],{"class":105},[73,47594,47595],{"class":79}," argument must be a string",[73,47597,149],{"class":105},[73,47599,43920],{"class":79},[73,47601,47602],{"class":1270},"bytes",[73,47604,1611],{"class":83},[73,47606,47607],{"class":79},"like ",[73,47609,41773],{"class":1270},[73,47611,47612],{"class":83}," or",[73,47614,40213],{"class":79},[73,47616,149],{"class":105},[73,47618,7690],{"class":83},[73,47620,152],{"class":87},[73,47622,47623],{"class":91},"NoneType",[73,47625,29297],{"class":87},[20,47627,47628,47629,47631],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47630,47190],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[64,47633,47635],{"className":66,"code":47634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47636,47637,47643,47661,47673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47638,47639,47641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47640,29401],{"class":646},[73,47642,5982],{"class":105},[73,47644,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47646,7659],{"class":101},[73,47648,106],{"class":105},[73,47650,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47652,106],{"class":105},[73,47654,45968],{"class":315},[73,47656,149],{"class":105},[73,47658,409],{"class":315},[73,47660,118],{"class":105},[73,47662,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47664,29432],{"class":646},[73,47666,47563],{"class":1270},[73,47668,46734],{"class":646},[73,47670,46737],{"class":79},[73,47672,5982],{"class":105},[73,47674,47675,47677,47679,47681],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47676,7659],{"class":101},[73,47678,106],{"class":105},[73,47680,46766],{"class":114},[73,47682,854],{"class":105},[20,47684,1660],{},[64,47686,47688],{"className":66,"code":47687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47689,47690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47691,47692,47694,47696,47699,47701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47693,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47695,6956],{"class":105},[73,47697,47698],{"class":79}," can",[73,47700,141],{"class":87},[73,47702,47703],{"class":91},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[59,47705,4551,47707],{"id":47706},"when-to-use-int",[15,47708,2467],{},[20,47710,121,47711,47713],{},[15,47712,2467],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47715,47716],{},"Common uses:",[30,47718,47719,47725,47728,47731],{},[33,47720,47721,47722,47724],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47723,2549],{}," into integers",[33,47726,47727],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,47729,47730],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,47732,47733,47734,35986],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47735,47190],{},[20,47737,47738],{},"Example with user input:",[64,47740,47742],{"className":66,"code":47741,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47743,47744,47758,47773,47777],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47745,47746,47749,47751,47753,47756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47747,47748],{"class":79},"age_text ",[73,47750,84],{"class":83},[73,47752,88],{"class":87},[73,47754,47755],{"class":91},"18",[73,47757,95],{"class":87},[73,47759,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47771],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47761,21227],{"class":79},[73,47763,84],{"class":83},[73,47765,44652],{"class":1270},[73,47767,106],{"class":105},[73,47769,47770],{"class":114},"age_text",[73,47772,854],{"class":105},[73,47774,47775],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47776,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,47778,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47780,102],{"class":101},[73,47782,106],{"class":105},[73,47784,21227],{"class":114},[73,47786,1649],{"class":83},[73,47788,5084],{"class":315},[73,47790,854],{"class":105},[20,47792,1660],{},[64,47794,47796],{"className":66,"code":47795,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"19\n",[15,47797,47798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47799,47800],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47801,47795],{"class":315},[59,47803,1207],{"id":1206},[20,47805,14331,47806,817],{},[15,47807,2467],{},[292,47809,47811],{"id":47810},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47813,47814],{},"This fails:",[64,47816,47818],{"className":66,"code":47817,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47819,47820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47821,47822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47823,47817],{"class":3249},[20,47825,47826,47827,47830],{},"Why: ",[15,47828,47829],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47832,18439],{},[64,47834,47836],{"className":66,"code":47835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47837,47838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47839,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856,47858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47841,102],{"class":101},[73,47843,106],{"class":105},[73,47845,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47847,106],{"class":105},[73,47849,1781],{"class":1270},[73,47851,106],{"class":105},[73,47853,384],{"class":87},[73,47855,40497],{"class":91},[73,47857,384],{"class":87},[73,47859,2503],{"class":105},[292,47861,47863],{"id":47862},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47865,47814],{},[64,47867,47869],{"className":66,"code":47868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47870,47871],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47872,47873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47874,47868],{"class":3249},[20,47876,47877],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[292,47879,47881,47882],{"id":47880},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47883,47884],{},"int(None)",[20,47886,47887,47888,47890],{},"This fails because ",[15,47889,3364],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[64,47892,47894],{"className":66,"code":47893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47895,47896,47905,47909,47915,47929,47941],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47897,47898,47900,47902],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47899,2037],{"class":79},[73,47901,84],{"class":83},[73,47903,47904],{"class":3438}," None\n",[73,47906,47907],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,47908,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,47910,47911,47913],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,47912,29401],{"class":646},[73,47914,5982],{"class":105},[73,47916,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,47918,7659],{"class":101},[73,47920,106],{"class":105},[73,47922,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47924,106],{"class":105},[73,47926,2063],{"class":114},[73,47928,118],{"class":105},[73,47930,47931,47933,47935,47937,47939],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,47932,29432],{"class":646},[73,47934,47563],{"class":1270},[73,47936,46734],{"class":646},[73,47938,46737],{"class":79},[73,47940,5982],{"class":105},[73,47942,47943,47945,47947,47949],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,47944,7659],{"class":101},[73,47946,106],{"class":105},[73,47948,46766],{"class":114},[73,47950,854],{"class":105},[292,47952,47954],{"id":47953},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47956,47814],{},[64,47958,47959],{"className":66,"code":47345,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47960,47961],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47962,47963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47964,47345],{"class":3249},[20,47966,47967],{},"Use a string instead:",[64,47969,47970],{"className":66,"code":47198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,47971,47972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,47973,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,47975,102],{"class":101},[73,47977,106],{"class":105},[73,47979,1778],{"class":1270},[73,47981,106],{"class":105},[73,47983,384],{"class":87},[73,47985,45968],{"class":91},[73,47987,384],{"class":87},[73,47989,149],{"class":105},[73,47991,409],{"class":315},[73,47993,118],{"class":105},[292,47995,8044,47997,47999],{"id":47996},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,47998,2467],{}," to round",[20,48001,48002],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[64,48004,48006],{"className":66,"code":48005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48007,48008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48009,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018,48021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48011,102],{"class":101},[73,48013,106],{"class":105},[73,48015,1778],{"class":1270},[73,48017,106],{"class":105},[73,48019,48020],{"class":315},"4.9",[73,48022,118],{"class":105},[20,48024,1660],{},[64,48026,48028],{"className":66,"code":48027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4\n",[15,48029,48030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48031,48032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48033,48027],{"class":315},[20,48035,2758,48036,48038,48039,48041],{},[15,48037,1727],{},", remember that ",[15,48040,2467],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[59,48043,1405],{"id":1404},[292,48045,12300,48047,48049],{"id":48046},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48048,2467],{}," round numbers?",[20,48051,45741,48052,48054],{},[15,48053,2467],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[292,48056,4747,48058,48061],{"id":48057},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48059,48060],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48063,28658,48064,48066,48067,48069,48070,39302],{},[15,48065,47471],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48068,2474],{}," first, then use ",[15,48071,2467],{},[292,48073,1409,48075,12312],{"id":48074},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48076,48077],{},"int(True)",[20,48079,4737,48080,27910,48082,41529,48084,817],{},[15,48081,404],{},[15,48083,3260],{},[15,48085,1710],{},[292,48087,48089],{"id":48088},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48091,48092],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[59,48094,1461],{"id":1460},[30,48096,48097,48103,48109,48115,48120,48124,48130],{},[33,48098,48099],{},[587,48100,48101,1470],{"href":2471},[15,48102,2474],{},[33,48104,48105],{},[587,48106,48107,1470],{"href":41549},[15,48108,47060],{},[33,48110,48111],{},[587,48112,48113,1470],{"href":5367},[15,48114,3399],{},[33,48116,48117],{},[587,48118,48119],{"href":2553},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48121,48122],{},[587,48123,8649],{"href":8571},[33,48125,48126],{},[587,48127,48128,1470],{"href":7810},[15,48129,2549],{},[33,48131,48132],{},[587,48133,29945,48134],{"href":45292},[15,48135,45293],{},[1500,48137,48138],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":48140},[48141,48142,48144,48148,48153,48155,48157,48162,48166,48168,48177,48186],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":46005,"depth":98,"text":48143},"What int() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":48145},[48146,48147],{"id":46196,"depth":332,"text":46199},{"id":46296,"depth":332,"text":46299},{"id":46432,"depth":98,"text":48149,"children":48150},"Using int() with strings",[48151,48152],{"id":46554,"depth":332,"text":46555},{"id":46642,"depth":332,"text":46643},{"id":46917,"depth":98,"text":48154},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47063,"depth":98,"text":48156},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47183,"depth":98,"text":47184,"children":48158},[48159,48160,48161],{"id":47194,"depth":332,"text":47195},{"id":47263,"depth":332,"text":47264},{"id":47304,"depth":332,"text":47305},{"id":47362,"depth":98,"text":47363,"children":48163},[48164,48165],{"id":40887,"depth":332,"text":40077},{"id":40953,"depth":332,"text":2594},{"id":47706,"depth":98,"text":48167},"When to use int()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":48169},[48170,48171,48172,48174,48175],{"id":47810,"depth":332,"text":47811},{"id":47862,"depth":332,"text":47863},{"id":47880,"depth":332,"text":48173},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47953,"depth":332,"text":47954},{"id":47996,"depth":332,"text":48176},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":48178},[48179,48181,48183,48185],{"id":48046,"depth":332,"text":48180},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48057,"depth":332,"text":48182},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48074,"depth":332,"text":48184},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48088,"depth":332,"text":48089},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41470,"description":48187},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48194,"title":48195,"body":48196,"description":50032,"extension":1552,"meta":50033,"navigation":335,"path":44178,"seo":50034,"stem":50035,"__hash__":50036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48197,"toc":49988},[48198,48203,48208,48216,48225,48227,48286,48292,48297,48302,48305,48333,48336,48339,48350,48360,48362,48364,48384,48388,48416,48418,48457,48459,48467,48469,48472,48476,48529,48531,48543,48547,48604,48606,48618,48624,48630,48634,48637,48640,48706,48708,48720,48726,48728,48780,48783,48824,48827,48834,48843,48849,48852,48885,48891,48894,48925,48931,48934,48946,48950,48955,48959,49117,49119,49134,49137,49141,49245,49247,49264,49268,49329,49331,49339,49342,49346,49413,49415,49424,49430,49432,49441,49443,49478,49483,49485,49515,49519,49521,49558,49561,49563,49600,49606,49608,49658,49660,49668,49678,49684,49688,49693,49742,49744,49757,49760,49762,49765,49840,49843,49862,49865,49895,49905,49907,49912,49919,49925,49931,49938,49946,49952,49955,49957,49985],[10,48199,13,48201,18],{"id":48200},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48202,44181],{},[20,48204,48205,48207],{},[15,48206,44181],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48209,48210,48211,2468,48213,48215],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48212,3190],{},[15,48214,3260],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48217,48218,48219,48221,48222,48224],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48220,44181],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48223,592],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[59,48226,3195],{"id":3194},[64,48228,48230],{"className":66,"code":48229,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48231,48232,48240,48244,48265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48233,48234,48236,48238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48235,2037],{"class":79},[73,48237,84],{"class":83},[73,48239,316],{"class":315},[73,48241,48242],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48243,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48245,48246,48248,48250,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261,48263],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48247,102],{"class":101},[73,48249,106],{"class":105},[73,48251,48252],{"class":101},"isinstance",[73,48254,106],{"class":105},[73,48256,2063],{"class":114},[73,48258,149],{"class":105},[73,48260,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48262,4948],{"class":105},[73,48264,43230],{"class":3249},[73,48266,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48282,48284],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,48268,102],{"class":101},[73,48270,106],{"class":105},[73,48272,48252],{"class":101},[73,48274,106],{"class":105},[73,48276,2063],{"class":114},[73,48278,149],{"class":105},[73,48280,48281],{"class":1270}," str",[73,48283,4948],{"class":105},[73,48285,43247],{"class":3249},[20,48287,121,48288,48291],{},[15,48289,48290],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[59,48293,236,48295,239],{"id":48294},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48296,44181],{},[20,48298,48299,48301],{},[15,48300,44181],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48303,48304],{},"It:",[30,48306,48307,48310,48316,48319],{},[33,48308,48309],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48311,11018,48312,2468,48314],{},[15,48313,3190],{},[15,48315,3260],{},[33,48317,48318],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48320,48321,48322,995,48324,995,48326,995,48328,1002,48331],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48323,3031],{},[15,48325,1778],{},[15,48327,7684],{},[15,48329,48330],{},"tuple",[15,48332,8412],{},[20,48334,48335],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48337,48338],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48340,48341,48344,48347],{},[33,48342,48343],{},"loop through a list",[33,48345,48346],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48348,48349],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48351,48352,48353,2468,48356,817],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[587,48354,44173],{"href":48355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[587,48357,48359],{"href":48358},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[59,48361,285],{"id":284},[20,48363,1750],{},[64,48365,48367],{"className":66,"code":48366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48368,48369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48370,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379,48382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48372,48252],{"class":101},[73,48374,106],{"class":105},[73,48376,41773],{"class":1270},[73,48378,149],{"class":105},[73,48380,48381],{"class":114}," classinfo",[73,48383,854],{"class":105},[292,48385,48387],{"id":48386},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48389,48390,48395,48409],{},[33,48391,48392,48394],{},[15,48393,41773],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48396,48397,48400,48401,995,48403,995,48405,1782,48407],{},[15,48398,48399],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48402,1778],{},[15,48404,3031],{},[15,48406,7684],{},[15,48408,8412],{},[33,48410,48411,48412,2468,48414],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48413,3190],{},[15,48415,3260],{},[20,48417,714],{},[64,48419,48421],{"className":66,"code":48420,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48422,48423,48435,48439],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48424,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48426,80],{"class":79},[73,48428,84],{"class":83},[73,48430,88],{"class":87},[73,48432,11103],{"class":91},[73,48434,95],{"class":87},[73,48436,48437],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48438,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48440,48441,48443,48445,48447,48449,48451,48453,48455],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48442,102],{"class":101},[73,48444,106],{"class":105},[73,48446,48252],{"class":101},[73,48448,106],{"class":105},[73,48450,115],{"class":114},[73,48452,149],{"class":105},[73,48454,48281],{"class":1270},[73,48456,118],{"class":105},[20,48458,1660],{},[64,48460,48461],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,48462,48463],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48464,48465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48466,3566],{"class":3438},[59,48468,11069],{"id":11068},[20,48470,48471],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[292,48473,48475],{"id":48474},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[64,48477,48479],{"className":66,"code":48478,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48480,48481,48489,48493,48511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48482,48483,48485,48487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48484,2037],{"class":79},[73,48486,84],{"class":83},[73,48488,44601],{"class":315},[73,48490,48491],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48492,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48494,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505,48507,48509],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48496,102],{"class":101},[73,48498,106],{"class":105},[73,48500,48252],{"class":101},[73,48502,106],{"class":105},[73,48504,2063],{"class":114},[73,48506,149],{"class":105},[73,48508,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48510,118],{"class":105},[73,48512,48513,48515,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525,48527],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,48514,102],{"class":101},[73,48516,106],{"class":105},[73,48518,48252],{"class":101},[73,48520,106],{"class":105},[73,48522,2063],{"class":114},[73,48524,149],{"class":105},[73,48526,48281],{"class":1270},[73,48528,118],{"class":105},[20,48530,1660],{},[64,48532,48533],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,48534,48535,48539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48536,48537],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48538,3566],{"class":3438},[73,48540,48541],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48542,3627],{"class":3438},[292,48544,48546],{"id":48545},"check-text","Check text",[64,48548,48550],{"className":66,"code":48549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48551,48552,48564,48568,48586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48553,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48555,461],{"class":79},[73,48557,84],{"class":83},[73,48559,88],{"class":87},[73,48561,92],{"class":91},[73,48563,95],{"class":87},[73,48565,48566],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48567,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48569,48570,48572,48574,48576,48578,48580,48582,48584],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48571,102],{"class":101},[73,48573,106],{"class":105},[73,48575,48252],{"class":101},[73,48577,106],{"class":105},[73,48579,482],{"class":114},[73,48581,149],{"class":105},[73,48583,48281],{"class":1270},[73,48585,118],{"class":105},[73,48587,48588,48590,48592,48594,48596,48598,48600,48602],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,48589,102],{"class":101},[73,48591,106],{"class":105},[73,48593,48252],{"class":101},[73,48595,106],{"class":105},[73,48597,482],{"class":114},[73,48599,149],{"class":105},[73,48601,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48603,118],{"class":105},[20,48605,1660],{},[64,48607,48608],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,48609,48610,48614],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48611,48612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48613,3566],{"class":3438},[73,48615,48616],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48617,3627],{"class":3438},[20,48619,48620,48621,48623],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48622,44181],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48625,48626,48627,817],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[587,48628,48629],{"href":2553},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[59,48631,48633],{"id":48632},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48635,48636],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48638,48639],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[64,48641,48643],{"className":66,"code":48642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48644,48645,48654,48658,48682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48646,48647,48649,48651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48648,2037],{"class":79},[73,48650,84],{"class":83},[73,48652,48653],{"class":315}," 3.5\n",[73,48655,48656],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48657,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48659,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670,48672,48674,48676,48678,48680],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48661,102],{"class":101},[73,48663,106],{"class":105},[73,48665,48252],{"class":101},[73,48667,106],{"class":105},[73,48669,2063],{"class":114},[73,48671,149],{"class":105},[73,48673,8828],{"class":105},[73,48675,1778],{"class":1270},[73,48677,149],{"class":105},[73,48679,39628],{"class":1270},[73,48681,2503],{"class":105},[73,48683,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,48685,102],{"class":101},[73,48687,106],{"class":105},[73,48689,48252],{"class":101},[73,48691,106],{"class":105},[73,48693,2063],{"class":114},[73,48695,149],{"class":105},[73,48697,8828],{"class":105},[73,48699,3031],{"class":1270},[73,48701,149],{"class":105},[73,48703,22159],{"class":1270},[73,48705,2503],{"class":105},[20,48707,1660],{},[64,48709,48710],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,48711,48712,48716],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48713,48714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48715,3566],{"class":3438},[73,48717,48718],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48719,3627],{"class":3438},[20,48721,48722,48723,48725],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48724,40210],{}," conditions.",[20,48727,7889],{},[64,48729,48731],{"className":66,"code":48730,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48732,48733,48741,48745],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48734,48735,48737,48739],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48736,2037],{"class":79},[73,48738,84],{"class":83},[73,48740,48653],{"class":315},[73,48742,48743],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48744,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48746,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48768,48770,48772,48774,48776,48778],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48748,102],{"class":101},[73,48750,106],{"class":105},[73,48752,1271],{"class":1270},[73,48754,106],{"class":105},[73,48756,2063],{"class":114},[73,48758,3246],{"class":105},[73,48760,5997],{"class":83},[73,48762,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48764,47612],{"class":646},[73,48766,48767],{"class":1270}," type",[73,48769,106],{"class":105},[73,48771,2063],{"class":114},[73,48773,3246],{"class":105},[73,48775,5997],{"class":83},[73,48777,39628],{"class":1270},[73,48779,854],{"class":105},[20,48781,48782],{},"you can write this:",[64,48784,48786],{"className":66,"code":48785,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48787,48788,48796,48800],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48789,48790,48792,48794],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48791,2037],{"class":79},[73,48793,84],{"class":83},[73,48795,48653],{"class":315},[73,48797,48798],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48799,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,48801,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,48803,102],{"class":101},[73,48805,106],{"class":105},[73,48807,48252],{"class":101},[73,48809,106],{"class":105},[73,48811,2063],{"class":114},[73,48813,149],{"class":105},[73,48815,8828],{"class":105},[73,48817,1778],{"class":1270},[73,48819,149],{"class":105},[73,48821,39628],{"class":1270},[73,48823,2503],{"class":105},[20,48825,48826],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[59,48828,48830,1011,48832],{"id":48829},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48831,44181],{},[15,48833,592],{},[20,48835,10182,48836,355,48838,48842],{},[15,48837,44181],{},[587,48839,48840],{"href":1889},[15,48841,592],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[292,48844,48846],{"id":48845},"typevalue-int",[15,48847,48848],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48850,48851],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[64,48853,48855],{"className":66,"code":48854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48856,48857,48865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48858,48859,48861,48863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48860,2037],{"class":79},[73,48862,84],{"class":83},[73,48864,316],{"class":315},[73,48866,48867,48869,48871,48873,48875,48877,48879,48881,48883],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48868,102],{"class":101},[73,48870,106],{"class":105},[73,48872,1271],{"class":1270},[73,48874,106],{"class":105},[73,48876,2063],{"class":114},[73,48878,3246],{"class":105},[73,48880,5997],{"class":83},[73,48882,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48884,854],{"class":105},[292,48886,48888],{"id":48887},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48889,48890],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48892,48893],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[64,48895,48897],{"className":66,"code":48896,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48898,48899,48907],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48900,48901,48903,48905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48902,2037],{"class":79},[73,48904,84],{"class":83},[73,48906,316],{"class":315},[73,48908,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921,48923],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48910,102],{"class":101},[73,48912,106],{"class":105},[73,48914,48252],{"class":101},[73,48916,106],{"class":105},[73,48918,2063],{"class":114},[73,48920,149],{"class":105},[73,48922,44652],{"class":1270},[73,48924,118],{"class":105},[20,48926,48927,48928,48930],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48929,44181],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48932,48933],{},"In everyday code:",[30,48935,48936,48941],{},[33,48937,39363,48938,48940],{},[15,48939,592],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,48942,39363,48943,48945],{},[15,48944,44181],{}," when you want a practical type check",[59,48947,48949],{"id":48948},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48951,48952,48953,817],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48954,44181],{},[292,48956,48958],{"id":48957},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[64,48960,48962],{"className":66,"code":48961,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48963,48964,48982,49001,49013,49018,49036,49047,49051,49063,49067,49091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,48965,48966,48968,48971,48973,48975,48977,48980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48967,634],{"class":633},[73,48969,48970],{"class":637}," repeat_text",[73,48972,106],{"class":105},[73,48974,482],{"class":37034},[73,48976,149],{"class":105},[73,48978,48979],{"class":37034}," count",[73,48981,7933],{"class":105},[73,48983,48984,48986,48988,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,48985,5987],{"class":646},[73,48987,7690],{"class":83},[73,48989,48990],{"class":101}," isinstance",[73,48992,106],{"class":105},[73,48994,482],{"class":114},[73,48996,149],{"class":105},[73,48998,48281],{"class":1270},[73,49000,7933],{"class":105},[73,49002,49003,49006,49008,49011],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49004,49005],{"class":646},"        return",[73,49007,88],{"class":87},[73,49009,49010],{"class":91},"text must be a string",[73,49012,95],{"class":87},[73,49014,49015],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49016,49017],{"class":79},"    \n",[73,49019,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,49021,5987],{"class":646},[73,49023,7690],{"class":83},[73,49025,48990],{"class":101},[73,49027,106],{"class":105},[73,49029,40633],{"class":114},[73,49031,149],{"class":105},[73,49033,44652],{"class":1270},[73,49035,7933],{"class":105},[73,49037,49038,49040,49042,49045],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,49039,49005],{"class":646},[73,49041,88],{"class":87},[73,49043,49044],{"class":91},"count must be an integer",[73,49046,95],{"class":87},[73,49048,49049],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,49050,49017],{"class":79},[73,49052,49053,49055,49058,49060],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,49054,647],{"class":646},[73,49056,49057],{"class":79}," text ",[73,49059,39245],{"class":83},[73,49061,49062],{"class":79}," count\n",[73,49064,49065],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,49066,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49068,49069,49071,49073,49076,49078,49080,49083,49085,49087,49089],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,49070,102],{"class":101},[73,49072,106],{"class":105},[73,49074,49075],{"class":114},"repeat_text",[73,49077,106],{"class":105},[73,49079,384],{"class":87},[73,49081,49082],{"class":91},"Hi ",[73,49084,384],{"class":87},[73,49086,149],{"class":105},[73,49088,414],{"class":315},[73,49090,118],{"class":105},[73,49092,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115],{"class":75,"line":11189},[73,49094,102],{"class":101},[73,49096,106],{"class":105},[73,49098,49075],{"class":114},[73,49100,106],{"class":105},[73,49102,384],{"class":87},[73,49104,49082],{"class":91},[73,49106,384],{"class":87},[73,49108,149],{"class":105},[73,49110,88],{"class":87},[73,49112,1652],{"class":91},[73,49114,384],{"class":87},[73,49116,118],{"class":105},[20,49118,1660],{},[64,49120,49122],{"className":66,"code":49121,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49123,49124,49129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49125,49126],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49127,49128],{"class":79},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[73,49130,49131],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49132,49133],{"class":79},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49135,49136],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[292,49138,49140],{"id":49139},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[64,49142,49144],{"className":66,"code":49143,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49145,49146,49178,49182,49198,49213,49230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49147,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49149,2037],{"class":79},[73,49151,84],{"class":83},[73,49153,528],{"class":105},[73,49155,384],{"class":87},[73,49157,587],{"class":91},[73,49159,384],{"class":87},[73,49161,149],{"class":105},[73,49163,88],{"class":87},[73,49165,4350],{"class":91},[73,49167,384],{"class":87},[73,49169,149],{"class":105},[73,49171,88],{"class":87},[73,49173,9332],{"class":91},[73,49175,384],{"class":87},[73,49177,229],{"class":105},[73,49179,49180],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49181,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49183,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49185,6588],{"class":646},[73,49187,48990],{"class":101},[73,49189,106],{"class":105},[73,49191,2063],{"class":114},[73,49193,149],{"class":105},[73,49195,48281],{"class":1270},[73,49197,7933],{"class":105},[73,49199,49200,49202,49204,49206,49209,49211],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49201,7659],{"class":101},[73,49203,106],{"class":105},[73,49205,384],{"class":87},[73,49207,49208],{"class":91},"This is text",[73,49210,384],{"class":87},[73,49212,854],{"class":105},[73,49214,49215,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,49216,49217],{"class":646},"elif",[73,49219,48990],{"class":101},[73,49221,106],{"class":105},[73,49223,2063],{"class":114},[73,49225,149],{"class":105},[73,49227,22159],{"class":1270},[73,49229,7933],{"class":105},[73,49231,49232,49234,49236,49238,49241,49243],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,49233,7659],{"class":101},[73,49235,106],{"class":105},[73,49237,384],{"class":87},[73,49239,49240],{"class":91},"This is a list",[73,49242,384],{"class":87},[73,49244,854],{"class":105},[20,49246,1660],{},[64,49248,49250],{"className":66,"code":49249,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This is a list\n",[15,49251,49252],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49253,49254,49257,49259,49261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49255,49256],{"class":79},"This ",[73,49258,11789],{"class":83},[73,49260,43920],{"class":79},[73,49262,49263],{"class":1270},"list\n",[292,49265,49267],{"id":49266},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[64,49269,49271],{"className":66,"code":49270,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49272,49273,49285,49289,49305,49319],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49274,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49276,2037],{"class":79},[73,49278,84],{"class":83},[73,49280,88],{"class":87},[73,49282,45902],{"class":91},[73,49284,95],{"class":87},[73,49286,49287],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49288,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49290,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49292,6588],{"class":646},[73,49294,48990],{"class":101},[73,49296,106],{"class":105},[73,49298,2063],{"class":114},[73,49300,149],{"class":105},[73,49302,48281],{"class":1270},[73,49304,7933],{"class":105},[73,49306,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49308,41264],{"class":79},[73,49310,84],{"class":83},[73,49312,44652],{"class":1270},[73,49314,106],{"class":105},[73,49316,2063],{"class":114},[73,49318,854],{"class":105},[73,49320,49321,49323,49325,49327],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,49322,7659],{"class":101},[73,49324,106],{"class":105},[73,49326,1829],{"class":114},[73,49328,854],{"class":105},[20,49330,1660],{},[64,49332,49333],{"className":66,"code":45988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49334,49335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49336,49337],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49338,45988],{"class":315},[20,49340,49341],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[292,49343,49345],{"id":49344},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[64,49347,49349],{"className":66,"code":49348,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49350,49351,49375,49379,49395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49352,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49354,2037],{"class":79},[73,49356,84],{"class":83},[73,49358,10083],{"class":105},[73,49360,384],{"class":87},[73,49362,115],{"class":91},[73,49364,384],{"class":87},[73,49366,2475],{"class":105},[73,49368,88],{"class":87},[73,49370,12477],{"class":91},[73,49372,384],{"class":87},[73,49374,8901],{"class":105},[73,49376,49377],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49378,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49380,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49382,6588],{"class":646},[73,49384,48990],{"class":101},[73,49386,106],{"class":105},[73,49388,2063],{"class":114},[73,49390,149],{"class":105},[73,49392,8762],{"class":1270},[73,49394,7933],{"class":105},[73,49396,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49398,7659],{"class":101},[73,49400,106],{"class":105},[73,49402,2063],{"class":114},[73,49404,138],{"class":105},[73,49406,384],{"class":87},[73,49408,115],{"class":91},[73,49410,384],{"class":87},[73,49412,3475],{"class":105},[20,49414,1660],{},[64,49416,49418],{"className":66,"code":49417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\n",[15,49419,49420],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49421,49422],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49423,49417],{"class":79},[20,49425,49426,49427,49429],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49428,2594],{}," messages later.",[59,49431,4107],{"id":4106},[292,49433,49435,49436,10685,49439],{"id":49434},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49437,49438],{},"\"int\"",[15,49440,1778],{},[20,49442,16242],{},[64,49444,49446],{"className":66,"code":49445,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49447,49448,49456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49449,49450,49452,49454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49451,2037],{"class":79},[73,49453,84],{"class":83},[73,49455,316],{"class":315},[73,49457,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49459,102],{"class":101},[73,49461,106],{"class":105},[73,49463,48252],{"class":101},[73,49465,106],{"class":105},[73,49467,2063],{"class":114},[73,49469,149],{"class":105},[73,49471,88],{"class":87},[73,49473,1778],{"class":91},[73,49475,384],{"class":87},[73,49477,118],{"class":105},[20,49479,49480,49482],{},[15,49481,49438],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49484,16254],{},[64,49486,49487],{"className":66,"code":48896,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49488,49489,49497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49490,49491,49493,49495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49492,2037],{"class":79},[73,49494,84],{"class":83},[73,49496,316],{"class":315},[73,49498,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49500,102],{"class":101},[73,49502,106],{"class":105},[73,49504,48252],{"class":101},[73,49506,106],{"class":105},[73,49508,2063],{"class":114},[73,49510,149],{"class":105},[73,49512,44652],{"class":1270},[73,49514,118],{"class":105},[292,49516,49518],{"id":49517},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49520,16242],{},[64,49522,49524],{"className":66,"code":49523,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49525,49526,49534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49527,49528,49530,49532],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49529,2037],{"class":79},[73,49531,84],{"class":83},[73,49533,624],{"class":315},[73,49535,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49537,102],{"class":101},[73,49539,106],{"class":105},[73,49541,48252],{"class":101},[73,49543,106],{"class":105},[73,49545,2063],{"class":114},[73,49547,149],{"class":105},[73,49549,528],{"class":105},[73,49551,1778],{"class":1270},[73,49553,149],{"class":105},[73,49555,39628],{"class":1270},[73,49557,417],{"class":105},[20,49559,49560],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49562,16254],{},[64,49564,49566],{"className":66,"code":49565,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49567,49568,49576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49569,49570,49572,49574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49571,2037],{"class":79},[73,49573,84],{"class":83},[73,49575,624],{"class":315},[73,49577,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49579,102],{"class":101},[73,49581,106],{"class":105},[73,49583,48252],{"class":101},[73,49585,106],{"class":105},[73,49587,2063],{"class":114},[73,49589,149],{"class":105},[73,49591,8828],{"class":105},[73,49593,1778],{"class":1270},[73,49595,149],{"class":105},[73,49597,39628],{"class":1270},[73,49599,2503],{"class":105},[292,49601,25371,49603,49605],{"id":49602},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49604,44181],{}," converts a value",[20,49607,18512],{},[64,49609,49611],{"className":66,"code":49610,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49612,49613,49626,49644,49648],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49614,49615,49617,49619,49621,49624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49616,2037],{"class":79},[73,49618,84],{"class":83},[73,49620,88],{"class":87},[73,49622,49623],{"class":91},"123",[73,49625,95],{"class":87},[73,49627,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49629,1819],{"class":79},[73,49631,84],{"class":83},[73,49633,48990],{"class":101},[73,49635,106],{"class":105},[73,49637,2063],{"class":114},[73,49639,149],{"class":105},[73,49641,44652],{"class":1270},[73,49643,854],{"class":105},[73,49645,49646],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49647,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49649,49650,49652,49654,49656],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49651,102],{"class":101},[73,49653,106],{"class":105},[73,49655,1854],{"class":114},[73,49657,854],{"class":105},[20,49659,1660],{},[64,49661,49662],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49663,49664],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49665,49666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49667,3627],{"class":3438},[20,49669,49670,49671,49674,49675,49677],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49672,49673],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49676,49623],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49679,49680,49681,6221],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49682,49683],{},"int(value)",[292,49685,49687],{"id":49686},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49689,49690,49692],{},[15,49691,44181],{}," does not modify anything.",[64,49694,49696],{"className":66,"code":49695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49697,49698,49710,49714,49732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49699,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49701,2037],{"class":79},[73,49703,84],{"class":83},[73,49705,88],{"class":87},[73,49707,13155],{"class":91},[73,49709,95],{"class":87},[73,49711,49712],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49713,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,49715,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49717,102],{"class":101},[73,49719,106],{"class":105},[73,49721,48252],{"class":101},[73,49723,106],{"class":105},[73,49725,2063],{"class":114},[73,49727,149],{"class":105},[73,49729,48281],{"class":1270},[73,49731,118],{"class":105},[73,49733,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49735,102],{"class":101},[73,49737,106],{"class":105},[73,49739,2063],{"class":114},[73,49741,854],{"class":105},[20,49743,1660],{},[64,49745,49747],{"className":66,"code":49746,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n100\n",[15,49748,49749,49753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49750,49751],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49752,3566],{"class":3438},[73,49754,49755],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49756,46639],{"class":315},[20,49758,49759],{},"The value stays the same.",[59,49761,25539],{"id":25538},[20,49763,49764],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[64,49766,49768],{"className":66,"code":49767,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49769,49770,49784,49802,49826],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49771,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49773,102],{"class":101},[73,49775,106],{"class":105},[73,49777,1271],{"class":1270},[73,49779,106],{"class":105},[73,49781,2063],{"class":114},[73,49783,118],{"class":105},[73,49785,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,49787,102],{"class":101},[73,49789,106],{"class":105},[73,49791,48252],{"class":101},[73,49793,106],{"class":105},[73,49795,2063],{"class":114},[73,49797,149],{"class":105},[73,49799,44652],{"class":1270},[73,49801,118],{"class":105},[73,49803,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816,49818,49820,49822,49824],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,49805,102],{"class":101},[73,49807,106],{"class":105},[73,49809,48252],{"class":101},[73,49811,106],{"class":105},[73,49813,2063],{"class":114},[73,49815,149],{"class":105},[73,49817,8828],{"class":105},[73,49819,1778],{"class":1270},[73,49821,149],{"class":105},[73,49823,39628],{"class":1270},[73,49825,2503],{"class":105},[73,49827,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,49829,102],{"class":101},[73,49831,106],{"class":105},[73,49833,41153],{"class":101},[73,49835,106],{"class":105},[73,49837,2063],{"class":114},[73,49839,118],{"class":105},[20,49841,49842],{},"These can help when:",[30,49844,49845,49848,49853,49856],{},[33,49846,49847],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,49849,49850,49851],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49852,2594],{},[33,49854,49855],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,49857,49858,49859,49861],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49860,44181],{}," is invalid",[20,49863,49864],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,49866,49867,49881,49887,49892],{},[33,49868,49869,49870,2468,49873,49876,49877,2468,49879],{},"using ",[15,49871,49872],{},"'int'",[15,49874,49875],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49878,1778],{},[15,49880,3031],{},[33,49882,49883,49884,49886],{},"expecting ",[15,49885,44181],{}," to convert a value",[33,49888,49869,49889,49891],{},[15,49890,592],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,49893,49894],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49896,49897,49898,817],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[587,49899,49901,49902],{"href":49900},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49903,49904],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[59,49906,1405],{"id":1404},[292,49908,1409,49910,1412],{"id":49909},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49911,44181],{},[20,49913,4737,49914,49916,49917,817],{},[15,49915,3190],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49918,3260],{},[292,49920,1446,49922,49924],{"id":49921},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49923,44181],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49926,49927,49928,817],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49929,49930],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[292,49932,1419,49934,355,49936,1424],{"id":49933},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49935,44181],{},[15,49937,592],{},[20,49939,49940,49942,49943,49945],{},[15,49941,592],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49944,44181],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[292,49947,12300,49949,49951],{"id":49948},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49950,44181],{}," convert a value?",[20,49953,49954],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[59,49956,1461],{"id":1460},[30,49958,49959,49965,49969,49974,49979],{},[33,49960,49961],{},[587,49962,13,49963,1470],{"href":1889},[15,49964,592],{},[33,49966,49967],{},[587,49968,44173],{"href":48355},[33,49970,49971],{},[587,49972,49973],{"href":2553},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,49975,49976],{},[587,49977,49978],{"href":48358},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,49980,49981],{},[587,49982,49901,49983],{"href":49900},[15,49984,49904],{},[1500,49986,49987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":49989},[49990,49991,49993,49996,50000,50001,50006,50012,50020,50021,50031],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":48294,"depth":98,"text":49992},"What isinstance() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":49994},[49995],{"id":48386,"depth":332,"text":48387},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069,"children":49997},[49998,49999],{"id":48474,"depth":332,"text":48475},{"id":48545,"depth":332,"text":48546},{"id":48632,"depth":98,"text":48633},{"id":48829,"depth":98,"text":50002,"children":50003},"isinstance() vs type()",[50004,50005],{"id":48845,"depth":332,"text":48848},{"id":48887,"depth":332,"text":48890},{"id":48948,"depth":98,"text":48949,"children":50007},[50008,50009,50010,50011],{"id":48957,"depth":332,"text":48958},{"id":49139,"depth":332,"text":49140},{"id":49266,"depth":332,"text":49267},{"id":49344,"depth":332,"text":49345},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":50013},[50014,50016,50017,50019],{"id":49434,"depth":332,"text":50015},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49517,"depth":332,"text":49518},{"id":49602,"depth":332,"text":50018},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49686,"depth":332,"text":49687},{"id":25538,"depth":98,"text":25539},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":50022},[50023,50025,50027,50029],{"id":49909,"depth":332,"text":50024},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49921,"depth":332,"text":50026},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49933,"depth":332,"text":50028},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49948,"depth":332,"text":50030},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48195,"description":50032},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50038,"title":50039,"body":50040,"description":52013,"extension":1552,"meta":52014,"navigation":335,"path":52015,"seo":52016,"stem":52017,"__hash__":52018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50041,"toc":51988},[50042,50045,50050,50055,50069,50072,50074,50149,50154,50158,50163,50166,50180,50182,50348,50361,50363,50365,50380,50383,50386,50399,50401,50499,50503,50509,50512,50521,50523,50558,50563,50584,50589,50594,50626,50629,50686,50690,50696,50699,50752,50754,50794,50797,50865,50868,50919,50926,50930,50936,51021,51027,51033,51082,51085,51088,51138,51140,51145,51149,51199,51203,51250,51254,51331,51335,51400,51403,51407,51412,51417,51429,51431,51450,51456,51459,51478,51483,51510,51517,51521,51527,51530,51625,51628,51631,51680,51685,51687,51691,51726,51729,51786,51796,51799,51833,51836,51838,51842,51845,51849,51852,51856,51859,51863,51876,51880,51885,51887,51937,51949,51951,51985],[10,50043,50039],{"id":50044},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50046,8714,50047,50049],{},[15,50048,41735],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50051,1210,50052,50054],{},[15,50053,41735],{}," to count:",[30,50056,50057,50060,50063,50066],{},[33,50058,50059],{},"characters in a string",[33,50061,50062],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50064,50065],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50067,50068],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50070,50071],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[59,50073,62],{"id":61},[64,50075,50077],{"className":66,"code":50076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50078,50079,50091,50111,50115,50132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50080,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50082,461],{"class":79},[73,50084,84],{"class":83},[73,50086,88],{"class":87},[73,50088,92],{"class":91},[73,50090,95],{"class":87},[73,50092,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50094,7369],{"class":79},[73,50096,84],{"class":83},[73,50098,528],{"class":105},[73,50100,1920],{"class":315},[73,50102,149],{"class":105},[73,50104,7380],{"class":315},[73,50106,149],{"class":105},[73,50108,7385],{"class":315},[73,50110,229],{"class":105},[73,50112,50113],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50114,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,50116,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50118,102],{"class":101},[73,50120,106],{"class":105},[73,50122,10755],{"class":101},[73,50124,106],{"class":105},[73,50126,482],{"class":114},[73,50128,4948],{"class":105},[73,50130,50131],{"class":3249},"   # 5\n",[73,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,50135,102],{"class":101},[73,50137,106],{"class":105},[73,50139,10755],{"class":101},[73,50141,106],{"class":105},[73,50143,7400],{"class":114},[73,50145,4948],{"class":105},[73,50147,50148],{"class":3249},"  # 3\n",[20,50150,121,50151,50153],{},[15,50152,41735],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[59,50155,50157],{"id":50156},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50159,50160,50162],{},[15,50161,41735],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50164,50165],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50167,50168,50171,50174,50177],{},[33,50169,50170],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50172,50173],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50175,50176],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50178,50179],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50181,714],{},[64,50183,50185],{"className":66,"code":50184,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50186,50187,50199,50224,50256,50276,50280,50297,50314,50331],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50188,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50190,80],{"class":79},[73,50192,84],{"class":83},[73,50194,88],{"class":87},[73,50196,327],{"class":91},[73,50198,95],{"class":87},[73,50200,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50222],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50202,523],{"class":79},[73,50204,84],{"class":83},[73,50206,528],{"class":105},[73,50208,1920],{"class":315},[73,50210,149],{"class":105},[73,50212,7380],{"class":315},[73,50214,149],{"class":105},[73,50216,7385],{"class":315},[73,50218,149],{"class":105},[73,50220,50221],{"class":315}," 40",[73,50223,229],{"class":105},[73,50225,50226,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50227,8757],{"class":79},[73,50229,84],{"class":83},[73,50231,10083],{"class":105},[73,50233,384],{"class":87},[73,50235,587],{"class":91},[73,50237,384],{"class":87},[73,50239,2475],{"class":105},[73,50241,5084],{"class":315},[73,50243,149],{"class":105},[73,50245,88],{"class":87},[73,50247,4350],{"class":91},[73,50249,384],{"class":87},[73,50251,2475],{"class":105},[73,50253,409],{"class":315},[73,50255,8901],{"class":105},[73,50257,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50259,3409],{"class":79},[73,50261,84],{"class":83},[73,50263,10083],{"class":105},[73,50265,1727],{"class":315},[73,50267,149],{"class":105},[73,50269,37015],{"class":315},[73,50271,149],{"class":105},[73,50273,5581],{"class":315},[73,50275,8901],{"class":105},[73,50277,50278],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,50279,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,50283,102],{"class":101},[73,50285,106],{"class":105},[73,50287,10755],{"class":101},[73,50289,106],{"class":105},[73,50291,115],{"class":114},[73,50293,4948],{"class":105},[73,50295,50296],{"class":3249},"     # 3\n",[73,50298,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,50300,102],{"class":101},[73,50302,106],{"class":105},[73,50304,10755],{"class":101},[73,50306,106],{"class":105},[73,50308,553],{"class":114},[73,50310,4948],{"class":105},[73,50312,50313],{"class":3249},"  # 4\n",[73,50315,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,50317,102],{"class":101},[73,50319,106],{"class":105},[73,50321,10755],{"class":101},[73,50323,106],{"class":105},[73,50325,8796],{"class":114},[73,50327,4948],{"class":105},[73,50329,50330],{"class":3249},"     # 2\n",[73,50332,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,50334,102],{"class":101},[73,50336,106],{"class":105},[73,50338,10755],{"class":101},[73,50340,106],{"class":105},[73,50342,4945],{"class":114},[73,50344,4948],{"class":105},[73,50346,50347],{"class":3249},"   # 3\n",[20,50349,50350,50351,995,50355,1002,50359,817],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[587,50352,50354],{"href":50353},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[587,50356,50358],{"href":50357},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[587,50360,8747],{"href":8746},[59,50362,285],{"id":284},[20,50364,1750],{},[64,50366,50368],{"className":66,"code":50367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len(object)\n",[15,50369,50370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50371,50372,50374,50376,50378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50373,10755],{"class":101},[73,50375,106],{"class":105},[73,50377,41773],{"class":1270},[73,50379,854],{"class":105},[20,50381,50382],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50384,50385],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50387,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396],{},[33,50389,37279],{},[33,50391,37273],{},[33,50393,37276],{},[33,50395,37282],{},[33,50397,50398],{},"a dictionary",[20,50400,714],{},[64,50402,50404],{"className":66,"code":50403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50405,50406,50427,50451,50473],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50407,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50409,102],{"class":101},[73,50411,106],{"class":105},[73,50413,10755],{"class":101},[73,50415,106],{"class":105},[73,50417,384],{"class":87},[73,50419,68],{"class":91},[73,50421,384],{"class":87},[73,50423,4948],{"class":105},[73,50425,50426],{"class":3249},"      # 6\n",[73,50428,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50430,102],{"class":101},[73,50432,106],{"class":105},[73,50434,10755],{"class":101},[73,50436,401],{"class":105},[73,50438,404],{"class":315},[73,50440,149],{"class":105},[73,50442,409],{"class":315},[73,50444,149],{"class":105},[73,50446,414],{"class":315},[73,50448,4324],{"class":105},[73,50450,50296],{"class":3249},[73,50452,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50470],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50454,102],{"class":101},[73,50456,106],{"class":105},[73,50458,10755],{"class":101},[73,50460,5097],{"class":105},[73,50462,1920],{"class":315},[73,50464,149],{"class":105},[73,50466,7380],{"class":315},[73,50468,50469],{"class":105},")))",[73,50471,50472],{"class":3249},"      # 2\n",[73,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50496],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50476,102],{"class":101},[73,50478,106],{"class":105},[73,50480,10755],{"class":101},[73,50482,5116],{"class":105},[73,50484,384],{"class":87},[73,50486,354],{"class":91},[73,50488,384],{"class":87},[73,50490,2475],{"class":105},[73,50492,5084],{"class":315},[73,50494,50495],{"class":105},"}))",[73,50497,50498],{"class":3249},"      # 1\n",[59,50500,50502],{"id":50501},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50504,50505,50506,50508],{},"When you use ",[15,50507,41735],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50510,50511],{},"That includes:",[30,50513,50514,50516,50518],{},[33,50515,35513],{},[33,50517,10044],{},[33,50519,50520],{},"punctuation",[20,50522,714],{},[64,50524,50526],{"className":66,"code":50525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50527,50528,50541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50529,50530,50532,50534,50536,50539],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50531,461],{"class":79},[73,50533,84],{"class":83},[73,50535,88],{"class":87},[73,50537,50538],{"class":91},"Hi there!",[73,50540,95],{"class":87},[73,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50544,102],{"class":101},[73,50546,106],{"class":105},[73,50548,10755],{"class":101},[73,50550,106],{"class":105},[73,50552,482],{"class":114},[73,50554,4948],{"class":105},[73,50556,50557],{"class":3249},"  # 9\n",[20,50559,50560,50561,1424],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50562,1735],{},[30,50564,50565,50571,50575,50578],{},[33,50566,50567,50570],{},[15,50568,50569],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50572,50573,50570],{},[15,50574,35524],{},[33,50576,50577],{},"space = 1",[33,50579,50580,50583],{},[15,50581,50582],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50585,50586,50587],{},"Total: ",[15,50588,1735],{},[20,50590,50591,50592,2475],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50593,1710],{},[64,50595,50597],{"className":66,"code":50596,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50598,50599,50608],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50600,50601,50604,50606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50602,50603],{"class":79},"empty_text ",[73,50605,84],{"class":83},[73,50607,7471],{"class":87},[73,50609,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50621,50623],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50611,102],{"class":101},[73,50613,106],{"class":105},[73,50615,10755],{"class":101},[73,50617,106],{"class":105},[73,50619,50620],{"class":114},"empty_text",[73,50622,4948],{"class":105},[73,50624,50625],{"class":3249},"  # 0\n",[20,50627,50628],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[64,50630,50632],{"className":66,"code":50631,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50633,50634,50647,50651,50671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50635,50636,50639,50641,50643,50645],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50637,50638],{"class":79},"user_name ",[73,50640,84],{"class":83},[73,50642,88],{"class":87},[73,50644,4594],{"class":91},[73,50646,95],{"class":87},[73,50648,50649],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50650,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,50652,50653,50655,50657,50659,50662,50664,50667,50669],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50654,6588],{"class":646},[73,50656,37758],{"class":101},[73,50658,106],{"class":105},[73,50660,50661],{"class":114},"user_name",[73,50663,3246],{"class":105},[73,50665,50666],{"class":83}," >=",[73,50668,414],{"class":315},[73,50670,5982],{"class":105},[73,50672,50673,50675,50677,50679,50682,50684],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50674,7659],{"class":101},[73,50676,106],{"class":105},[73,50678,384],{"class":87},[73,50680,50681],{"class":91},"Name is long enough",[73,50683,384],{"class":87},[73,50685,854],{"class":105},[59,50687,50689],{"id":50688},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50691,50692,50693,50695],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50694,41735],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50697,50698],{},"Example with a list:",[64,50700,50702],{"className":66,"code":50701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50703,50704,50736],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50705,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50707,12673],{"class":79},[73,50709,84],{"class":83},[73,50711,528],{"class":105},[73,50713,384],{"class":87},[73,50715,12690],{"class":91},[73,50717,384],{"class":87},[73,50719,149],{"class":105},[73,50721,88],{"class":87},[73,50723,17054],{"class":91},[73,50725,384],{"class":87},[73,50727,149],{"class":105},[73,50729,88],{"class":87},[73,50731,12707],{"class":91},[73,50733,384],{"class":87},[73,50735,229],{"class":105},[73,50737,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50739,102],{"class":101},[73,50741,106],{"class":105},[73,50743,10755],{"class":101},[73,50745,106],{"class":105},[73,50747,17101],{"class":114},[73,50749,4948],{"class":105},[73,50751,50148],{"class":3249},[20,50753,37288],{},[64,50755,50757],{"className":66,"code":50756,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50758,50759,50776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50760,50761,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50762,50763],{"class":79},"point ",[73,50765,84],{"class":83},[73,50767,8828],{"class":105},[73,50769,1920],{"class":315},[73,50771,149],{"class":105},[73,50773,7380],{"class":315},[73,50775,854],{"class":105},[73,50777,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786,50789,50791],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50779,102],{"class":101},[73,50781,106],{"class":105},[73,50783,10755],{"class":101},[73,50785,106],{"class":105},[73,50787,50788],{"class":114},"point",[73,50790,4948],{"class":105},[73,50792,50793],{"class":3249},"  # 2\n",[20,50795,50796],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[64,50798,50800],{"className":66,"code":50799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50801,50802,50826,50830,50848],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50803,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822,50824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50805,7369],{"class":79},[73,50807,84],{"class":83},[73,50809,528],{"class":105},[73,50811,384],{"class":87},[73,50813,3666],{"class":91},[73,50815,384],{"class":87},[73,50817,149],{"class":105},[73,50819,88],{"class":87},[73,50821,3675],{"class":91},[73,50823,384],{"class":87},[73,50825,229],{"class":105},[73,50827,50828],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50829,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,50831,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50833,6588],{"class":646},[73,50835,37758],{"class":101},[73,50837,106],{"class":105},[73,50839,7400],{"class":114},[73,50841,3246],{"class":105},[73,50843,37768],{"class":83},[73,50845,5084],{"class":315},[73,50847,5982],{"class":105},[73,50849,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50851,7659],{"class":101},[73,50853,106],{"class":105},[73,50855,7400],{"class":114},[73,50857,138],{"class":105},[73,50859,404],{"class":315},[73,50861,20045],{"class":105},[73,50863,50864],{"class":3249},"  # banana\n",[20,50866,50867],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[64,50869,50871],{"className":66,"code":50870,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50872,50873,50896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50874,50875,50877,50879,50881,50884,50886,50889,50891,50894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50876,4654],{"class":79},[73,50878,84],{"class":83},[73,50880,528],{"class":105},[73,50882,50883],{"class":315},"88",[73,50885,149],{"class":105},[73,50887,50888],{"class":315}," 91",[73,50890,149],{"class":105},[73,50892,50893],{"class":315}," 75",[73,50895,229],{"class":105},[73,50897,50898,50900,50902,50904,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50899,102],{"class":101},[73,50901,106],{"class":105},[73,50903,384],{"class":87},[73,50905,50906],{"class":91},"Number of scores:",[73,50908,384],{"class":87},[73,50910,149],{"class":105},[73,50912,37758],{"class":101},[73,50914,106],{"class":105},[73,50916,15987],{"class":114},[73,50918,118],{"class":105},[20,50920,50921,50922,817],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[587,50923,50925],{"href":50924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[59,50927,50929],{"id":50928},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50931,50932,50933,50935],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50934,41735],{}," counts keys.",[64,50937,50939],{"className":66,"code":50938,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50940,50941,50949,50967,50981,50997,51001,51005],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50942,50943,50945,50947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50944,12460],{"class":79},[73,50946,84],{"class":83},[73,50948,11087],{"class":105},[73,50950,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,50952,11092],{"class":87},[73,50954,115],{"class":91},[73,50956,384],{"class":87},[73,50958,2475],{"class":105},[73,50960,88],{"class":87},[73,50962,7511],{"class":91},[73,50964,384],{"class":87},[73,50966,11108],{"class":105},[73,50968,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,50970,11092],{"class":87},[73,50972,8891],{"class":91},[73,50974,384],{"class":87},[73,50976,2475],{"class":105},[73,50978,30541],{"class":315},[73,50980,11108],{"class":105},[73,50982,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,50984,11092],{"class":87},[73,50986,19490],{"class":91},[73,50988,384],{"class":87},[73,50990,2475],{"class":105},[73,50992,88],{"class":87},[73,50994,21844],{"class":91},[73,50996,95],{"class":87},[73,50998,50999],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,51000,8901],{"class":105},[73,51002,51003],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,51004,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51006,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,51008,102],{"class":101},[73,51010,106],{"class":105},[73,51012,10755],{"class":101},[73,51014,106],{"class":105},[73,51016,13223],{"class":114},[73,51018,4948],{"class":105},[73,51020,50148],{"class":3249},[20,51022,51023,51024,51026],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51025,41735],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51028,51029,51030,51032],{},"For sets, ",[15,51031,41735],{}," counts unique items:",[64,51034,51036],{"className":66,"code":51035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51037,51038,51066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51039,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51041,523],{"class":79},[73,51043,84],{"class":83},[73,51045,10083],{"class":105},[73,51047,404],{"class":315},[73,51049,149],{"class":105},[73,51051,409],{"class":315},[73,51053,149],{"class":105},[73,51055,414],{"class":315},[73,51057,149],{"class":105},[73,51059,414],{"class":315},[73,51061,149],{"class":105},[73,51063,409],{"class":315},[73,51065,8901],{"class":105},[73,51067,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51069,102],{"class":101},[73,51071,106],{"class":105},[73,51073,10755],{"class":101},[73,51075,106],{"class":105},[73,51077,553],{"class":114},[73,51079,4948],{"class":105},[73,51081,50148],{"class":3249},[20,51083,51084],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51086,51087],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[64,51089,51091],{"className":66,"code":51090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51092,51093,51101,51105,51123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51094,51095,51097,51099],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51096,8757],{"class":79},[73,51098,84],{"class":83},[73,51100,9431],{"class":105},[73,51102,51103],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51104,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51106,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51108,6588],{"class":646},[73,51110,37758],{"class":101},[73,51112,106],{"class":105},[73,51114,8796],{"class":114},[73,51116,3246],{"class":105},[73,51118,5997],{"class":83},[73,51120,3420],{"class":315},[73,51122,5982],{"class":105},[73,51124,51125,51127,51129,51131,51134,51136],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51126,7659],{"class":101},[73,51128,106],{"class":105},[73,51130,384],{"class":87},[73,51132,51133],{"class":91},"The dictionary is empty",[73,51135,384],{"class":87},[73,51137,854],{"class":105},[59,51139,40419],{"id":40418},[20,51141,51142,51143,817],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51144,41735],{},[292,51146,51148],{"id":51147},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[64,51150,51152],{"className":66,"code":51151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51153,51154,51162,51166,51184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51155,51156,51158,51160],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51157,7369],{"class":79},[73,51159,84],{"class":83},[73,51161,7429],{"class":105},[73,51163,51164],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51165,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51167,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51169,6588],{"class":646},[73,51171,37758],{"class":101},[73,51173,106],{"class":105},[73,51175,7400],{"class":114},[73,51177,3246],{"class":105},[73,51179,5997],{"class":83},[73,51181,3420],{"class":315},[73,51183,5982],{"class":105},[73,51185,51186,51188,51190,51192,51195,51197],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51187,7659],{"class":101},[73,51189,106],{"class":105},[73,51191,384],{"class":87},[73,51193,51194],{"class":91},"The list is empty",[73,51196,384],{"class":87},[73,51198,854],{"class":105},[292,51200,51202],{"id":51201},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[64,51204,51206],{"className":66,"code":51205,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51207,51208,51227],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51209,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51223,51225],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51211,5742],{"class":79},[73,51213,84],{"class":83},[73,51215,7833],{"class":101},[73,51217,106],{"class":105},[73,51219,384],{"class":87},[73,51221,51222],{"class":91},"Enter a word: ",[73,51224,384],{"class":87},[73,51226,854],{"class":105},[73,51228,51229,51231,51233,51235,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246,51248],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51230,102],{"class":101},[73,51232,106],{"class":105},[73,51234,384],{"class":87},[73,51236,51237],{"class":91},"Number of characters:",[73,51239,384],{"class":87},[73,51241,149],{"class":105},[73,51243,37758],{"class":101},[73,51245,106],{"class":105},[73,51247,37763],{"class":114},[73,51249,118],{"class":105},[292,51251,51253],{"id":51252},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[64,51255,51257],{"className":66,"code":51256,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51258,51259,51273,51277,51295,51310,51316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51260,51261,51264,51266,51268,51271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51262,51263],{"class":79},"password ",[73,51265,84],{"class":83},[73,51267,88],{"class":87},[73,51269,51270],{"class":91},"secret123",[73,51272,95],{"class":87},[73,51274,51275],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51276,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51278,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51280,6588],{"class":646},[73,51282,37758],{"class":101},[73,51284,106],{"class":105},[73,51286,17220],{"class":114},[73,51288,3246],{"class":105},[73,51290,50666],{"class":83},[73,51292,5948],{"class":315},[73,51294,5982],{"class":105},[73,51296,51297,51299,51301,51303,51306,51308],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51298,7659],{"class":101},[73,51300,106],{"class":105},[73,51302,384],{"class":87},[73,51304,51305],{"class":91},"Password length is valid",[73,51307,384],{"class":87},[73,51309,854],{"class":105},[73,51311,51312,51314],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,51313,27030],{"class":646},[73,51315,5982],{"class":105},[73,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51327,51329],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,51319,7659],{"class":101},[73,51321,106],{"class":105},[73,51323,384],{"class":87},[73,51325,51326],{"class":91},"Password is too short",[73,51328,384],{"class":87},[73,51330,854],{"class":105},[292,51332,51334],{"id":51333},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[64,51336,51338],{"className":66,"code":51337,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51339,51340,51376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51341,51342,51345,51347,51349,51351,51354,51356,51358,51360,51363,51365,51367,51369,51372,51374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51343,51344],{"class":79},"results ",[73,51346,84],{"class":83},[73,51348,528],{"class":105},[73,51350,384],{"class":87},[73,51352,51353],{"class":91},"item1",[73,51355,384],{"class":87},[73,51357,149],{"class":105},[73,51359,88],{"class":87},[73,51361,51362],{"class":91},"item2",[73,51364,384],{"class":87},[73,51366,149],{"class":105},[73,51368,88],{"class":87},[73,51370,51371],{"class":91},"item3",[73,51373,384],{"class":87},[73,51375,229],{"class":105},[73,51377,51378,51380,51382,51384,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51398],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51379,102],{"class":101},[73,51381,106],{"class":105},[73,51383,384],{"class":87},[73,51385,51386],{"class":91},"Items found:",[73,51388,384],{"class":87},[73,51390,149],{"class":105},[73,51392,37758],{"class":101},[73,51394,106],{"class":105},[73,51396,51397],{"class":114},"results",[73,51399,118],{"class":105},[20,51401,51402],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[59,51404,51406],{"id":51405},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51408,51409,51411],{},[15,51410,41735],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51413,51414,51415,2475],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51416,2594],{},[30,51418,51419,51422,51425],{},[33,51420,51421],{},"plain integers",[33,51423,51424],{},"floats",[33,51426,51427],{},[15,51428,3364],{},[20,51430,714],{},[64,51432,51434],{"className":66,"code":51433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51435,51436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51437,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51439,102],{"class":101},[73,51441,106],{"class":105},[73,51443,10755],{"class":101},[73,51445,106],{"class":105},[73,51447,1727],{"class":315},[73,51449,118],{"class":105},[20,51451,51452,51453,51455],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51454,1727],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51457,51458],{},"Another example:",[64,51460,51462],{"className":66,"code":51461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51463,51464],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51465,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51467,102],{"class":101},[73,51469,106],{"class":105},[73,51471,10755],{"class":101},[73,51473,106],{"class":105},[73,51475,39516],{"class":315},[73,51477,118],{"class":105},[20,51479,51480,51481,2475],{},"And with ",[15,51482,3364],{},[64,51484,51486],{"className":66,"code":51485,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51487,51488,51496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51489,51490,51492,51494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51491,2037],{"class":79},[73,51493,84],{"class":83},[73,51495,47904],{"class":3438},[73,51497,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51499,102],{"class":101},[73,51501,106],{"class":105},[73,51503,10755],{"class":101},[73,51505,106],{"class":105},[73,51507,2063],{"class":114},[73,51509,118],{"class":105},[20,51511,51512,51513,817],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[587,51514,51516],{"href":51515},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[59,51518,51520],{"id":51519},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51522,51523,51524,51526],{},"Before using ",[15,51525,41735],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51528,51529],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[64,51531,51533],{"className":66,"code":51532,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51534,51535,51543,51547,51557,51571,51589,51607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51536,51537,51539,51541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51538,2037],{"class":79},[73,51540,84],{"class":83},[73,51542,47904],{"class":3438},[73,51544,51545],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51546,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51548,51549,51551,51553,51555],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51550,102],{"class":101},[73,51552,106],{"class":105},[73,51554,2063],{"class":114},[73,51556,854],{"class":105},[73,51558,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51560,102],{"class":101},[73,51562,106],{"class":105},[73,51564,1271],{"class":1270},[73,51566,106],{"class":105},[73,51568,2063],{"class":114},[73,51570,118],{"class":105},[73,51572,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,51574,102],{"class":101},[73,51576,106],{"class":105},[73,51578,48252],{"class":101},[73,51580,106],{"class":105},[73,51582,2063],{"class":114},[73,51584,149],{"class":105},[73,51586,48281],{"class":1270},[73,51588,118],{"class":105},[73,51590,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,51592,102],{"class":101},[73,51594,106],{"class":105},[73,51596,48252],{"class":101},[73,51598,106],{"class":105},[73,51600,2063],{"class":114},[73,51602,149],{"class":105},[73,51604,22159],{"class":1270},[73,51606,118],{"class":105},[73,51608,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,51610,102],{"class":101},[73,51612,106],{"class":105},[73,51614,48252],{"class":101},[73,51616,106],{"class":105},[73,51618,2063],{"class":114},[73,51620,149],{"class":105},[73,51622,8762],{"class":1270},[73,51624,118],{"class":105},[20,51626,51627],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51629,51630],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[64,51632,51634],{"className":66,"code":51633,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51635,51636,51648,51652,51666],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51639,2037],{"class":79},[73,51641,84],{"class":83},[73,51643,88],{"class":87},[73,51645,92],{"class":91},[73,51647,95],{"class":87},[73,51649,51650],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51651,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51653,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51655,6588],{"class":646},[73,51657,21184],{"class":79},[73,51659,11789],{"class":83},[73,51661,7690],{"class":83},[73,51663,3439],{"class":3438},[73,51665,5982],{"class":105},[73,51667,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51669,7659],{"class":101},[73,51671,106],{"class":105},[73,51673,10755],{"class":101},[73,51675,106],{"class":105},[73,51677,2063],{"class":114},[73,51679,118],{"class":105},[20,51681,51682,51683,817],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[587,51684,8033],{"href":1889},[59,51686,1207],{"id":1206},[20,51688,22694,51689,2475],{},[15,51690,41735],{},[30,51692,51693,51701,51709,51717,51723],{},[33,51694,438,51695,51697,51698],{},[15,51696,41735],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51699,51700],{},"len(5)",[33,51702,438,51703,51705,51706],{},[15,51704,41735],{}," on a float like ",[15,51707,51708],{},"len(3.14)",[33,51710,438,51711,51713,51714,51716],{},[15,51712,41735],{}," on ",[15,51715,3364],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,51718,4168,51719,51722],{},[15,51720,51721],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,51724,51725],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51727,51728],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[64,51730,51732],{"className":66,"code":51731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51733,51734,51770],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51735,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51737,12802],{"class":79},[73,51739,84],{"class":83},[73,51741,10083],{"class":105},[73,51743,384],{"class":87},[73,51745,115],{"class":91},[73,51747,384],{"class":87},[73,51749,2475],{"class":105},[73,51751,88],{"class":87},[73,51753,12477],{"class":91},[73,51755,384],{"class":87},[73,51757,149],{"class":105},[73,51759,88],{"class":87},[73,51761,8891],{"class":91},[73,51763,384],{"class":87},[73,51765,2475],{"class":105},[73,51767,7380],{"class":315},[73,51769,8901],{"class":105},[73,51771,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51773,102],{"class":101},[73,51775,106],{"class":105},[73,51777,10755],{"class":101},[73,51779,106],{"class":105},[73,51781,16905],{"class":114},[73,51783,4948],{"class":105},[73,51785,50793],{"class":3249},[20,51787,36966,51788,51790,51791,355,51793,817],{},[15,51789,1646],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51792,14838],{},[15,51794,51795],{},"\"age\"",[20,51797,51798],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[64,51800,51802],{"className":66,"code":51801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51803,51804,51817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51805,51806,51808,51810,51812,51815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51807,461],{"class":79},[73,51809,84],{"class":83},[73,51811,88],{"class":87},[73,51813,51814],{"class":91},"a b",[73,51816,95],{"class":87},[73,51818,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51820,102],{"class":101},[73,51822,106],{"class":105},[73,51824,10755],{"class":101},[73,51826,106],{"class":105},[73,51828,482],{"class":114},[73,51830,4948],{"class":105},[73,51832,50148],{"class":3249},[20,51834,51835],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[59,51837,1405],{"id":1404},[292,51839,51841],{"id":51840},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51843,51844],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[292,51846,51848],{"id":51847},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51850,51851],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[292,51853,51855],{"id":51854},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51857,51858],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[292,51860,51862],{"id":51861},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51864,51865,51866,51868,51869,2468,51871,51873,51874,817],{},"No. Using ",[15,51867,41735],{}," on an ",[15,51870,1778],{},[15,51872,1781],{}," raises a ",[15,51875,2594],{},[292,51877,51879],{"id":51878},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51881,7352,51882,817],{},[15,51883,51884],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51886,714],{},[64,51888,51890],{"className":66,"code":51889,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51891,51892,51900,51904,51922],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51893,51894,51896,51898],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51895,7899],{"class":79},[73,51897,84],{"class":83},[73,51899,7429],{"class":105},[73,51901,51902],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,51903,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,51905,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,51907,6588],{"class":646},[73,51909,37758],{"class":101},[73,51911,106],{"class":105},[73,51913,7930],{"class":114},[73,51915,3246],{"class":105},[73,51917,5997],{"class":83},[73,51919,3420],{"class":315},[73,51921,5982],{"class":105},[73,51923,51924,51926,51928,51930,51933,51935],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,51925,7659],{"class":101},[73,51927,106],{"class":105},[73,51929,384],{"class":87},[73,51931,51932],{"class":91},"Empty list",[73,51934,384],{"class":87},[73,51936,854],{"class":105},[20,51938,51939,51940,51942,51943,51945,51946,51948],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51941,3260],{}," in an ",[15,51944,6588],{}," statement, but ",[15,51947,41735],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[59,51950,1461],{"id":1460},[30,51952,51953,51957,51961,51965,51970,51974,51980],{},[33,51954,51955],{},[587,51956,50354],{"href":50353},[33,51958,51959],{},[587,51960,50358],{"href":50357},[33,51962,51963],{},[587,51964,8747],{"href":8746},[33,51966,51967],{},[587,51968,51969],{"href":50924},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,51971,51972],{},[587,51973,8033],{"href":1889},[33,51975,51976],{},[587,51977,51979],{"href":51978},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,51981,51982],{},[587,51983,51984],{"href":51515},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1500,51986,51987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":51989},[51990,51991,51992,51993,51994,51995,51996,52002,52003,52004,52005,52012],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":50156,"depth":98,"text":50157},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":50501,"depth":98,"text":50502},{"id":50688,"depth":98,"text":50689},{"id":50928,"depth":98,"text":50929},{"id":40418,"depth":98,"text":40419,"children":51997},[51998,51999,52000,52001],{"id":51147,"depth":332,"text":51148},{"id":51201,"depth":332,"text":51202},{"id":51252,"depth":332,"text":51253},{"id":51333,"depth":332,"text":51334},{"id":51405,"depth":98,"text":51406},{"id":51519,"depth":98,"text":51520},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":52006},[52007,52008,52009,52010,52011],{"id":51840,"depth":332,"text":51841},{"id":51847,"depth":332,"text":51848},{"id":51854,"depth":332,"text":51855},{"id":51861,"depth":332,"text":51862},{"id":51878,"depth":332,"text":51879},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50039,"description":52013},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52020,"title":52021,"body":52022,"description":53707,"extension":1552,"meta":53708,"navigation":335,"path":53709,"seo":53710,"stem":53711,"__hash__":53712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52023,"toc":53680},[52024,52027,52041,52047,52049,52103,52108,52112,52128,52131,52145,52151,52153,52156,52175,52191,52193,52269,52271,52308,52319,52321,52324,52385,52387,52420,52423,52429,52433,52436,52561,52563,52622,52630,52683,52685,52712,52718,52728,52732,52735,52740,52792,52794,52820,52826,52880,52882,52907,52910,52934,52940,52942,52946,52948,53005,53007,53015,53017,53039,53041,53094,53096,53120,53124,53126,53165,53167,53175,53181,53185,53237,53239,53265,53273,53277,53282,53291,53293,53359,53361,53393,53397,53402,53404,53418,53421,53494,53496,53522,53524,53528,53535,53539,53546,53550,53553,53555,53608,53610,53636,53640,53649,53651,53677],[10,52025,52021],{"id":52026},"python-list-append-method",[20,52028,1569,52029,52032,52033,52036,52037,52040],{},[15,52030,52031],{},"append()"," method adds ",[55,52034,52035],{},"one item"," to the ",[55,52038,52039],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52042,52043,52044,52046],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[55,52045,806],{}," create a new list.",[59,52048,3195],{"id":3194},[64,52050,52052],{"className":66,"code":52051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52053,52054,52074,52088,52098],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52055,52056,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52057,523],{"class":79},[73,52059,84],{"class":83},[73,52061,528],{"class":105},[73,52063,404],{"class":315},[73,52065,149],{"class":105},[73,52067,409],{"class":315},[73,52069,149],{"class":105},[73,52071,414],{"class":315},[73,52073,229],{"class":105},[73,52075,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52077,553],{"class":79},[73,52079,817],{"class":105},[73,52081,564],{"class":114},[73,52083,106],{"class":105},[73,52085,2095],{"class":315},[73,52087,854],{"class":105},[73,52089,52090,52092,52094,52096],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52091,102],{"class":101},[73,52093,106],{"class":105},[73,52095,553],{"class":114},[73,52097,854],{"class":105},[73,52099,52100],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52101,52102],{"class":3249},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52104,121,52105,52107],{},[15,52106,52031],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[59,52109,52111],{"id":52110},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52113,52114,52119,52122,52125],{},[33,52115,52116,52118],{},[15,52117,52031],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52120,52121],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52123,52124],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52126,52127],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52129,52130],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52132,52133,52135,52137,52139,52141,52143],{},[33,52134,553],{},[33,52136,425],{},[33,52138,39967],{},[33,52140,428],{},[33,52142,6841],{},[33,52144,434],{},[20,52146,52147,52148,817],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[587,52149,52150],{"href":50357},"Python lists explained for beginners",[59,52152,5018],{"id":5017},[20,52154,52155],{},"Basic form:",[64,52157,52159],{"className":66,"code":52158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52160,52161],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52162,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52164,7930],{"class":79},[73,52166,817],{"class":105},[73,52168,564],{"class":114},[73,52170,106],{"class":105},[73,52172,22910],{"class":114},[73,52174,854],{"class":105},[30,52176,52177,52182,52187],{},[33,52178,52179,52181],{},[15,52180,7930],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52183,52184,52186],{},[15,52185,22910],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52188,11506,52189],{},[15,52190,3364],{},[20,52192,714],{},[64,52194,52196],{"className":66,"code":52195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52197,52198,52222,52245,52249,52259],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52199,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212,52214,52216,52218,52220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52201,35609],{"class":79},[73,52203,84],{"class":83},[73,52205,528],{"class":105},[73,52207,384],{"class":87},[73,52209,3666],{"class":91},[73,52211,384],{"class":87},[73,52213,149],{"class":105},[73,52215,88],{"class":87},[73,52217,3675],{"class":91},[73,52219,384],{"class":87},[73,52221,229],{"class":105},[73,52223,52224,52226,52228,52231,52233,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52225,1819],{"class":79},[73,52227,84],{"class":83},[73,52229,52230],{"class":79}," fruits",[73,52232,817],{"class":105},[73,52234,564],{"class":114},[73,52236,106],{"class":105},[73,52238,384],{"class":87},[73,52240,32818],{"class":91},[73,52242,384],{"class":87},[73,52244,854],{"class":105},[73,52246,52247],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52248,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52250,52251,52253,52255,52257],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52252,102],{"class":101},[73,52254,106],{"class":105},[73,52256,35661],{"class":114},[73,52258,854],{"class":105},[73,52260,52261,52263,52265,52267],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,52262,102],{"class":101},[73,52264,106],{"class":105},[73,52266,1854],{"class":114},[73,52268,854],{"class":105},[20,52270,1660],{},[64,52272,52274],{"className":66,"code":52273,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52275,52276,52304],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52277,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52279,138],{"class":105},[73,52281,141],{"class":87},[73,52283,3666],{"class":91},[73,52285,141],{"class":87},[73,52287,149],{"class":105},[73,52289,152],{"class":87},[73,52291,3675],{"class":91},[73,52293,141],{"class":87},[73,52295,149],{"class":105},[73,52297,152],{"class":87},[73,52299,32818],{"class":91},[73,52301,141],{"class":87},[73,52303,229],{"class":105},[73,52305,52306],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52307,11403],{"class":3438},[20,52309,52310,52311,52313,52314,52316,52317,817],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52312,52031],{}," updates ",[15,52315,35661],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52318,3364],{},[59,52320,11069],{"id":11068},[20,52322,52323],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[64,52325,52327],{"className":66,"code":52326,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52328,52329,52353,52371,52375],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52330,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52332,12673],{"class":79},[73,52334,84],{"class":83},[73,52336,528],{"class":105},[73,52338,384],{"class":87},[73,52340,12690],{"class":91},[73,52342,384],{"class":87},[73,52344,149],{"class":105},[73,52346,88],{"class":87},[73,52348,12707],{"class":91},[73,52350,384],{"class":87},[73,52352,229],{"class":105},[73,52354,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52356,17101],{"class":79},[73,52358,817],{"class":105},[73,52360,564],{"class":114},[73,52362,106],{"class":105},[73,52364,384],{"class":87},[73,52366,17054],{"class":91},[73,52368,384],{"class":87},[73,52370,854],{"class":105},[73,52372,52373],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52374,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52376,52377,52379,52381,52383],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52378,102],{"class":101},[73,52380,106],{"class":105},[73,52382,17101],{"class":114},[73,52384,854],{"class":105},[20,52386,1660],{},[64,52388,52390],{"className":66,"code":52389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52391,52392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52393,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52395,138],{"class":105},[73,52397,141],{"class":87},[73,52399,12690],{"class":91},[73,52401,141],{"class":87},[73,52403,149],{"class":105},[73,52405,152],{"class":87},[73,52407,12707],{"class":91},[73,52409,141],{"class":87},[73,52411,149],{"class":105},[73,52413,152],{"class":87},[73,52415,17054],{"class":91},[73,52417,141],{"class":87},[73,52419,229],{"class":105},[20,52421,52422],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52424,30681,52425,817],{},[587,52426,52428],{"href":52427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[59,52430,52432],{"id":52431},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52434,52435],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[64,52437,52439],{"className":66,"code":52438,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52440,52441,52449,52453,52467,52485,52499,52525,52547,52551],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52442,52443,52445,52447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52444,7369],{"class":79},[73,52446,84],{"class":83},[73,52448,7429],{"class":105},[73,52450,52451],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52452,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52454,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52456,7400],{"class":79},[73,52458,817],{"class":105},[73,52460,564],{"class":114},[73,52462,106],{"class":105},[73,52464,1920],{"class":315},[73,52466,854],{"class":105},[73,52468,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52470,7400],{"class":79},[73,52472,817],{"class":105},[73,52474,564],{"class":114},[73,52476,106],{"class":105},[73,52478,384],{"class":87},[73,52480,92],{"class":91},[73,52482,384],{"class":87},[73,52484,854],{"class":105},[73,52486,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,52488,7400],{"class":79},[73,52490,817],{"class":105},[73,52492,564],{"class":114},[73,52494,106],{"class":105},[73,52496,3190],{"class":3438},[73,52498,854],{"class":105},[73,52500,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,52502,7400],{"class":79},[73,52504,817],{"class":105},[73,52506,564],{"class":114},[73,52508,5116],{"class":105},[73,52510,384],{"class":87},[73,52512,115],{"class":91},[73,52514,384],{"class":87},[73,52516,2475],{"class":105},[73,52518,88],{"class":87},[73,52520,327],{"class":91},[73,52522,384],{"class":87},[73,52524,30094],{"class":105},[73,52526,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,52528,7400],{"class":79},[73,52530,817],{"class":105},[73,52532,564],{"class":114},[73,52534,401],{"class":105},[73,52536,404],{"class":315},[73,52538,149],{"class":105},[73,52540,409],{"class":315},[73,52542,149],{"class":105},[73,52544,414],{"class":315},[73,52546,3475],{"class":105},[73,52548,52549],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,52550,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52552,52553,52555,52557,52559],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,52554,102],{"class":101},[73,52556,106],{"class":105},[73,52558,7400],{"class":114},[73,52560,854],{"class":105},[20,52562,1660],{},[64,52564,52566],{"className":66,"code":52565,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52567,52568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52569,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52571,138],{"class":105},[73,52573,1920],{"class":315},[73,52575,149],{"class":105},[73,52577,152],{"class":87},[73,52579,92],{"class":91},[73,52581,141],{"class":87},[73,52583,149],{"class":105},[73,52585,3502],{"class":3438},[73,52587,149],{"class":105},[73,52589,10083],{"class":105},[73,52591,141],{"class":87},[73,52593,115],{"class":91},[73,52595,141],{"class":87},[73,52597,2475],{"class":105},[73,52599,152],{"class":87},[73,52601,327],{"class":91},[73,52603,141],{"class":87},[73,52605,52606],{"class":105},"},",[73,52608,528],{"class":105},[73,52610,404],{"class":315},[73,52612,149],{"class":105},[73,52614,409],{"class":315},[73,52616,149],{"class":105},[73,52618,414],{"class":315},[73,52620,52621],{"class":105},"]]\n",[20,52623,52624,52625,41529,52627,817],{},"A list added with ",[15,52626,52031],{},[55,52628,52629],{},"one single item",[64,52631,52633],{"className":66,"code":52632,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52634,52635,52651,52669,52673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52638,523],{"class":79},[73,52640,84],{"class":83},[73,52642,528],{"class":105},[73,52644,404],{"class":315},[73,52646,149],{"class":105},[73,52648,409],{"class":315},[73,52650,229],{"class":105},[73,52652,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52654,553],{"class":79},[73,52656,817],{"class":105},[73,52658,564],{"class":114},[73,52660,401],{"class":105},[73,52662,1652],{"class":315},[73,52664,149],{"class":105},[73,52666,2047],{"class":315},[73,52668,3475],{"class":105},[73,52670,52671],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52672,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52676,102],{"class":101},[73,52678,106],{"class":105},[73,52680,553],{"class":114},[73,52682,854],{"class":105},[20,52684,1660],{},[64,52686,52688],{"className":66,"code":52687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52689,52690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52691,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708,52710],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52693,138],{"class":105},[73,52695,404],{"class":315},[73,52697,149],{"class":105},[73,52699,409],{"class":315},[73,52701,149],{"class":105},[73,52703,528],{"class":105},[73,52705,1652],{"class":315},[73,52707,149],{"class":105},[73,52709,2047],{"class":315},[73,52711,52621],{"class":105},[20,52713,1876,52714,52717],{},[15,52715,52716],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52719,52720,52721,52727],{},"This is different from ",[587,52722,52724],{"href":52723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52725,52726],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[59,52729,52731],{"id":52730},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52733,52734],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[292,52736,438,52738],{"id":52737},"using-append",[15,52739,52031],{},[64,52741,52742],{"className":66,"code":52632,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,52743,52744,52760,52778,52782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52745,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52747,523],{"class":79},[73,52749,84],{"class":83},[73,52751,528],{"class":105},[73,52753,404],{"class":315},[73,52755,149],{"class":105},[73,52757,409],{"class":315},[73,52759,229],{"class":105},[73,52761,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52763,553],{"class":79},[73,52765,817],{"class":105},[73,52767,564],{"class":114},[73,52769,401],{"class":105},[73,52771,1652],{"class":315},[73,52773,149],{"class":105},[73,52775,2047],{"class":315},[73,52777,3475],{"class":105},[73,52779,52780],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52781,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52785,102],{"class":101},[73,52787,106],{"class":105},[73,52789,553],{"class":114},[73,52791,854],{"class":105},[20,52793,1660],{},[64,52795,52796],{"className":66,"code":52687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,52797,52798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52799,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52801,138],{"class":105},[73,52803,404],{"class":315},[73,52805,149],{"class":105},[73,52807,409],{"class":315},[73,52809,149],{"class":105},[73,52811,528],{"class":105},[73,52813,1652],{"class":315},[73,52815,149],{"class":105},[73,52817,2047],{"class":315},[73,52819,52621],{"class":105},[292,52821,438,52823],{"id":52822},"using-extend",[15,52824,52825],{},"extend()",[64,52827,52829],{"className":66,"code":52828,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52830,52831,52847,52866,52870],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52832,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52834,523],{"class":79},[73,52836,84],{"class":83},[73,52838,528],{"class":105},[73,52840,404],{"class":315},[73,52842,149],{"class":105},[73,52844,409],{"class":315},[73,52846,229],{"class":105},[73,52848,52849,52851,52853,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52850,553],{"class":79},[73,52852,817],{"class":105},[73,52854,52855],{"class":114},"extend",[73,52857,401],{"class":105},[73,52859,1652],{"class":315},[73,52861,149],{"class":105},[73,52863,2047],{"class":315},[73,52865,3475],{"class":105},[73,52867,52868],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52869,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52871,52872,52874,52876,52878],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52873,102],{"class":101},[73,52875,106],{"class":105},[73,52877,553],{"class":114},[73,52879,854],{"class":105},[20,52881,1660],{},[64,52883,52885],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52886,52887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52888,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52890,138],{"class":105},[73,52892,404],{"class":315},[73,52894,149],{"class":105},[73,52896,409],{"class":315},[73,52898,149],{"class":105},[73,52900,414],{"class":315},[73,52902,149],{"class":105},[73,52904,2047],{"class":315},[73,52906,229],{"class":105},[20,52908,52909],{},"The difference:",[30,52911,52912,52918,52924,52929],{},[33,52913,52914,52917],{},[15,52915,52916],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,52919,52920,52923],{},[15,52921,52922],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,52925,121,52926,52928],{},[15,52927,52031],{}," for one item",[33,52930,121,52931,52933],{},[15,52932,52825],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52935,52936,52937,817],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[587,52938,52939],{"href":52723},"Python list extend() method",[59,52941,4107],{"id":4106},[292,52943,52945],{"id":52944},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52947,25287],{},[64,52949,52951],{"className":66,"code":52950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52952,52953,52973,52991,52995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52954,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52956,7369],{"class":79},[73,52958,84],{"class":83},[73,52960,528],{"class":105},[73,52962,404],{"class":315},[73,52964,149],{"class":105},[73,52966,409],{"class":315},[73,52968,149],{"class":105},[73,52970,414],{"class":315},[73,52972,229],{"class":105},[73,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,52976,7369],{"class":79},[73,52978,84],{"class":83},[73,52980,5553],{"class":79},[73,52982,817],{"class":105},[73,52984,564],{"class":114},[73,52986,106],{"class":105},[73,52988,2095],{"class":315},[73,52990,854],{"class":105},[73,52992,52993],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,52994,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,52996,52997,52999,53001,53003],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,52998,102],{"class":101},[73,53000,106],{"class":105},[73,53002,7400],{"class":114},[73,53004,854],{"class":105},[20,53006,1660],{},[64,53008,53009],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53010,53011],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53012,53013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53014,11403],{"class":3438},[20,53016,11495],{},[30,53018,53019,53024,53030],{},[33,53020,53021,53023],{},[15,53022,52031],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53025,53026,1987,53028],{},[15,53027,52031],{},[15,53029,3364],{},[33,53031,53032,53033,53036,53037],{},"So ",[15,53034,53035],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53038,3364],{},[20,53040,10400],{},[64,53042,53044],{"className":66,"code":53043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53045,53046,53066,53080,53084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53047,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53049,7369],{"class":79},[73,53051,84],{"class":83},[73,53053,528],{"class":105},[73,53055,404],{"class":315},[73,53057,149],{"class":105},[73,53059,409],{"class":315},[73,53061,149],{"class":105},[73,53063,414],{"class":315},[73,53065,229],{"class":105},[73,53067,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53069,7400],{"class":79},[73,53071,817],{"class":105},[73,53073,564],{"class":114},[73,53075,106],{"class":105},[73,53077,2095],{"class":315},[73,53079,854],{"class":105},[73,53081,53082],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53083,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53085,53086,53088,53090,53092],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53087,102],{"class":101},[73,53089,106],{"class":105},[73,53091,7400],{"class":114},[73,53093,854],{"class":105},[20,53095,1660],{},[64,53097,53098],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53099,53100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53101,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53103,138],{"class":105},[73,53105,404],{"class":315},[73,53107,149],{"class":105},[73,53109,409],{"class":315},[73,53111,149],{"class":105},[73,53113,414],{"class":315},[73,53115,149],{"class":105},[73,53117,2047],{"class":315},[73,53119,229],{"class":105},[292,53121,53123],{"id":53122},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53125,18512],{},[64,53127,53129],{"className":66,"code":53128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53130,53131,53155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53132,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53134,31481],{"class":79},[73,53136,84],{"class":83},[73,53138,528],{"class":105},[73,53140,404],{"class":315},[73,53142,149],{"class":105},[73,53144,409],{"class":315},[73,53146,13148],{"class":105},[73,53148,564],{"class":114},[73,53150,106],{"class":105},[73,53152,1652],{"class":315},[73,53154,854],{"class":105},[73,53156,53157,53159,53161,53163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53158,102],{"class":101},[73,53160,106],{"class":105},[73,53162,31500],{"class":114},[73,53164,854],{"class":105},[20,53166,1660],{},[64,53168,53169],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53170,53171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53172,53173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53174,11403],{"class":3438},[20,53176,53177,53178,53180],{},"Remember: ",[15,53179,52031],{}," updates the list you already have.",[292,53182,53184],{"id":53183},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[64,53186,53187],{"className":66,"code":52632,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53188,53189,53205,53223,53227],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53190,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53192,523],{"class":79},[73,53194,84],{"class":83},[73,53196,528],{"class":105},[73,53198,404],{"class":315},[73,53200,149],{"class":105},[73,53202,409],{"class":315},[73,53204,229],{"class":105},[73,53206,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53208,553],{"class":79},[73,53210,817],{"class":105},[73,53212,564],{"class":114},[73,53214,401],{"class":105},[73,53216,1652],{"class":315},[73,53218,149],{"class":105},[73,53220,2047],{"class":315},[73,53222,3475],{"class":105},[73,53224,53225],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53226,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53228,53229,53231,53233,53235],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53230,102],{"class":101},[73,53232,106],{"class":105},[73,53234,553],{"class":114},[73,53236,854],{"class":105},[20,53238,1660],{},[64,53240,53241],{"className":66,"code":52687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53242,53243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53244,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53246,138],{"class":105},[73,53248,404],{"class":315},[73,53250,149],{"class":105},[73,53252,409],{"class":315},[73,53254,149],{"class":105},[73,53256,528],{"class":105},[73,53258,1652],{"class":315},[73,53260,149],{"class":105},[73,53262,2047],{"class":315},[73,53264,52621],{"class":105},[20,53266,2758,53267,53270,53271,6221],{},[15,53268,53269],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53272,52825],{},[292,53274,53276],{"id":53275},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53278,53279,53281],{},[15,53280,52031],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53283,53284,53285,817],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[587,53286,53288],{"href":53287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53289,53290],{},"list.insert()",[20,53292,714],{},[64,53294,53296],{"className":66,"code":53295,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53297,53298,53322,53345,53349],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53299,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53301,35460],{"class":79},[73,53303,84],{"class":83},[73,53305,528],{"class":105},[73,53307,384],{"class":87},[73,53309,587],{"class":91},[73,53311,384],{"class":87},[73,53313,149],{"class":105},[73,53315,88],{"class":87},[73,53317,9332],{"class":91},[73,53319,384],{"class":87},[73,53321,229],{"class":105},[73,53323,53324,53326,53328,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53325,35513],{"class":79},[73,53327,817],{"class":105},[73,53329,53330],{"class":114},"insert",[73,53332,106],{"class":105},[73,53334,404],{"class":315},[73,53336,149],{"class":105},[73,53338,88],{"class":87},[73,53340,4350],{"class":91},[73,53342,384],{"class":87},[73,53344,854],{"class":105},[73,53346,53347],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53348,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53350,53351,53353,53355,53357],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53352,102],{"class":101},[73,53354,106],{"class":105},[73,53356,35513],{"class":114},[73,53358,854],{"class":105},[20,53360,1660],{},[64,53362,53363],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53364,53365],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53366,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53368,138],{"class":105},[73,53370,141],{"class":87},[73,53372,587],{"class":91},[73,53374,141],{"class":87},[73,53376,149],{"class":105},[73,53378,152],{"class":87},[73,53380,4350],{"class":91},[73,53382,141],{"class":87},[73,53384,149],{"class":105},[73,53386,152],{"class":87},[73,53388,9332],{"class":91},[73,53390,141],{"class":87},[73,53392,229],{"class":105},[59,53394,53396],{"id":53395},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53398,53399,53401],{},[15,53400,52031],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53403,35796],{},[30,53405,53406,53409,53412,53415],{},[33,53407,53408],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53410,53411],{},"collecting user input",[33,53413,53414],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53416,53417],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53419,53420],{},"Example with a loop:",[64,53422,53424],{"className":66,"code":53423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53425,53426,53435,53439,53460,53479,53483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53427,53428,53431,53433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53429,53430],{"class":79},"squares ",[73,53432,84],{"class":83},[73,53434,7429],{"class":105},[73,53436,53437],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53438,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53440,53441,53443,53445,53447,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53442,5545],{"class":646},[73,53444,5975],{"class":79},[73,53446,3469],{"class":646},[73,53448,53449],{"class":101}," range",[73,53451,106],{"class":105},[73,53453,404],{"class":315},[73,53455,149],{"class":105},[73,53457,4194],{"class":315},[73,53459,7933],{"class":105},[73,53461,53462,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53463,53464],{"class":79},"    squares",[73,53466,817],{"class":105},[73,53468,564],{"class":114},[73,53470,106],{"class":105},[73,53472,1806],{"class":114},[73,53474,39245],{"class":83},[73,53476,1786],{"class":114},[73,53478,854],{"class":105},[73,53480,53481],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,53482,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53484,53485,53487,53489,53492],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,53486,102],{"class":101},[73,53488,106],{"class":105},[73,53490,53491],{"class":114},"squares",[73,53493,854],{"class":105},[20,53495,1660],{},[64,53497,53499],{"className":66,"code":53498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53500,53501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53502,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53516,53518,53520],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53504,138],{"class":105},[73,53506,404],{"class":315},[73,53508,149],{"class":105},[73,53510,2047],{"class":315},[73,53512,149],{"class":105},[73,53514,53515],{"class":315}," 9",[73,53517,149],{"class":105},[73,53519,13585],{"class":315},[73,53521,229],{"class":105},[59,53523,1405],{"id":1404},[292,53525,53527],{"id":53526},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53529,45741,53530,53532,53533,817],{},[15,53531,52031],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53534,3364],{},[292,53536,53538],{"id":53537},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53540,53541,53542,817],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[587,53543,53544],{"href":52723},[15,53545,52825],{},[292,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53551,53552],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53554,714],{},[64,53556,53558],{"className":66,"code":53557,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53559,53560,53576,53594,53598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53561,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572,53574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53563,8757],{"class":79},[73,53565,84],{"class":83},[73,53567,528],{"class":105},[73,53569,404],{"class":315},[73,53571,149],{"class":105},[73,53573,409],{"class":315},[73,53575,229],{"class":105},[73,53577,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53579,8796],{"class":79},[73,53581,817],{"class":105},[73,53583,564],{"class":114},[73,53585,401],{"class":105},[73,53587,1652],{"class":315},[73,53589,149],{"class":105},[73,53591,2047],{"class":315},[73,53593,3475],{"class":105},[73,53595,53596],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53597,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53599,53600,53602,53604,53606],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53601,102],{"class":101},[73,53603,106],{"class":105},[73,53605,8796],{"class":114},[73,53607,854],{"class":105},[20,53609,1660],{},[64,53611,53612],{"className":66,"code":52687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53613,53614],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53615,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53617,138],{"class":105},[73,53619,404],{"class":315},[73,53621,149],{"class":105},[73,53623,409],{"class":315},[73,53625,149],{"class":105},[73,53627,528],{"class":105},[73,53629,1652],{"class":315},[73,53631,149],{"class":105},[73,53633,2047],{"class":315},[73,53635,52621],{"class":105},[292,53637,53639],{"id":53638},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53641,53642,53644,53645,53648],{},[15,53643,52031],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53646,53647],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[59,53650,1461],{"id":1460},[30,53652,53653,53658,53662,53667,53671],{},[33,53654,53655],{},[587,53656,53657],{"href":52427},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53659,53660],{},[587,53661,52939],{"href":52723},[33,53663,53664],{},[587,53665,53666],{"href":53287},"Python list insert() method",[33,53668,53669],{},[587,53670,52150],{"href":50357},[33,53672,53673],{},[587,53674,53676],{"href":53675},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1500,53678,53679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":53681},[53682,53683,53684,53685,53686,53687,53693,53699,53700,53706],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":52110,"depth":98,"text":52111},{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":52431,"depth":98,"text":52432},{"id":52730,"depth":98,"text":52731,"children":53688},[53689,53691],{"id":52737,"depth":332,"text":53690},"Using append()",{"id":52822,"depth":332,"text":53692},"Using extend()",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":53694},[53695,53696,53697,53698],{"id":52944,"depth":332,"text":52945},{"id":53122,"depth":332,"text":53123},{"id":53183,"depth":332,"text":53184},{"id":53275,"depth":332,"text":53276},{"id":53395,"depth":98,"text":53396},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":53701},[53702,53703,53704,53705],{"id":53526,"depth":332,"text":53527},{"id":53537,"depth":332,"text":53538},{"id":53548,"depth":332,"text":53549},{"id":53638,"depth":332,"text":53639},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52021,"description":53707},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53714,"title":53715,"body":53716,"description":54960,"extension":1552,"meta":54961,"navigation":335,"path":54962,"seo":54963,"stem":54964,"__hash__":54965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53717,"toc":54925},[53718,53724,53730,53736,53738,53786,53791,53796,53800,53816,53822,53824,53827,53842,53844,53855,53857,53859,53916,53918,53926,53928,53944,53950,53952,53958,53962,54046,54049,54098,54105,54113,54116,54130,54143,54149,54224,54231,54238,54312,54320,54323,54334,54343,54347,54351,54362,54364,54441,54462,54464,54474,54477,54525,54527,54548,54551,54553,54604,54610,54617,54684,54690,54696,54699,54726,54731,54737,54740,54812,54815,54826,54832,54834,54840,54843,54849,54855,54862,54870,54876,54882,54884,54922],[10,53719,53721,53722,10916],{"id":53720},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53723,10915],{},[20,53725,53726,53729],{},[15,53727,53728],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53731,53732,53733,53735],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[55,53734,10928],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[59,53737,3195],{"id":3194},[64,53739,53741],{"className":66,"code":53740,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53742,53743,53763,53773],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53744,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53746,7369],{"class":79},[73,53748,84],{"class":83},[73,53750,528],{"class":105},[73,53752,404],{"class":315},[73,53754,149],{"class":105},[73,53756,409],{"class":315},[73,53758,149],{"class":105},[73,53760,414],{"class":315},[73,53762,229],{"class":105},[73,53764,53765,53767,53769,53771],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53766,7400],{"class":79},[73,53768,817],{"class":105},[73,53770,10977],{"class":114},[73,53772,8233],{"class":105},[73,53774,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53776,102],{"class":101},[73,53778,106],{"class":105},[73,53780,7400],{"class":114},[73,53782,3246],{"class":105},[73,53784,53785],{"class":3249},"  # []\n",[20,53787,121,53788,53790],{},[15,53789,10915],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[59,53792,236,53794,239],{"id":53793},"what-listclear-does",[15,53795,53728],{},[20,53797,53798,2475],{},[15,53799,53728],{},[30,53801,53802,53805,53808,53813],{},[33,53803,53804],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,53806,53807],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,53809,53810,53811],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53812,3373],{},[33,53814,53815],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53817,53818,53819,53821],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53820,10915],{},", but it contains no values.",[59,53823,285],{"id":284},[20,53825,53826],{},"Syntax:",[64,53828,53830],{"className":66,"code":53829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53831,53832],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53833,53834,53836,53838,53840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53835,7930],{"class":79},[73,53837,817],{"class":105},[73,53839,10977],{"class":114},[73,53841,8233],{"class":105},[20,53843,261],{},[30,53845,53846,53849,53852],{},[33,53847,53848],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,53850,53851],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,53853,53854],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[59,53856,11069],{"id":11068},[20,53858,11072],{},[64,53860,53862],{"className":66,"code":53861,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53863,53864,53888,53892,53902,53906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53865,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53867,523],{"class":79},[73,53869,84],{"class":83},[73,53871,528],{"class":105},[73,53873,1920],{"class":315},[73,53875,149],{"class":105},[73,53877,7380],{"class":315},[73,53879,149],{"class":105},[73,53881,7385],{"class":315},[73,53883,149],{"class":105},[73,53885,50221],{"class":315},[73,53887,229],{"class":105},[73,53889,53890],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,53891,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53893,53894,53896,53898,53900],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,53895,553],{"class":79},[73,53897,817],{"class":105},[73,53899,10977],{"class":114},[73,53901,8233],{"class":105},[73,53903,53904],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,53905,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,53909,102],{"class":101},[73,53911,106],{"class":105},[73,53913,553],{"class":114},[73,53915,854],{"class":105},[20,53917,1660],{},[64,53919,53920],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53921,53922],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53923,53924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53925,37669],{"class":105},[20,53927,11278],{},[30,53929,53930,53935,53941],{},[33,53931,53932,53934],{},[15,53933,553],{}," starts with four items",[33,53936,53937,53940],{},[15,53938,53939],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,53942,53943],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53945,53946,53947,817],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[587,53948,52150],{"href":53949},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[59,53951,17017],{"id":17016},[20,53953,53954,1987,53956,817],{},[15,53955,10915],{},[15,53957,3364],{},[20,53959,40279,53960,52046],{},[55,53961,806],{},[64,53963,53965],{"className":66,"code":53964,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53966,53967,53999,54003,54017,54021,54034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53968,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53970,7369],{"class":79},[73,53972,84],{"class":83},[73,53974,528],{"class":105},[73,53976,384],{"class":87},[73,53978,587],{"class":91},[73,53980,384],{"class":87},[73,53982,149],{"class":105},[73,53984,88],{"class":87},[73,53986,4350],{"class":91},[73,53988,384],{"class":87},[73,53990,149],{"class":105},[73,53992,88],{"class":87},[73,53994,9332],{"class":91},[73,53996,384],{"class":87},[73,53998,229],{"class":105},[73,54000,54001],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54002,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54004,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54006,1819],{"class":79},[73,54008,84],{"class":83},[73,54010,5553],{"class":79},[73,54012,817],{"class":105},[73,54014,10977],{"class":114},[73,54016,8233],{"class":105},[73,54018,54019],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54020,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54022,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54024,102],{"class":101},[73,54026,106],{"class":105},[73,54028,7400],{"class":114},[73,54030,3246],{"class":105},[73,54032,54033],{"class":3249},"   # []\n",[73,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,54037,102],{"class":101},[73,54039,106],{"class":105},[73,54041,1854],{"class":114},[73,54043,3246],{"class":105},[73,54045,20475],{"class":3249},[20,54047,54048],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[64,54050,54052],{"className":66,"code":54051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54053,54054,54074,54088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54057,7369],{"class":79},[73,54059,84],{"class":83},[73,54061,528],{"class":105},[73,54063,404],{"class":315},[73,54065,149],{"class":105},[73,54067,409],{"class":315},[73,54069,149],{"class":105},[73,54071,414],{"class":315},[73,54073,229],{"class":105},[73,54075,54076,54078,54080,54082,54084,54086],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54077,7369],{"class":79},[73,54079,84],{"class":83},[73,54081,5553],{"class":79},[73,54083,817],{"class":105},[73,54085,10977],{"class":114},[73,54087,8233],{"class":105},[73,54089,54090,54092,54094,54096],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54091,102],{"class":101},[73,54093,106],{"class":105},[73,54095,7400],{"class":114},[73,54097,854],{"class":105},[20,54099,11511,54100,41529,54102,54104],{},[15,54101,7400],{},[15,54103,3364],{},", not an empty list.",[59,54106,54108,54110,54111],{"id":54107},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54109,10915],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54112,3373],{},[20,54114,54115],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[64,54117,54118],{"className":66,"code":53829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54119,54120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54121,54122,54124,54126,54128],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54123,7930],{"class":79},[73,54125,817],{"class":105},[73,54127,10977],{"class":114},[73,54129,8233],{"class":105},[64,54131,54133],{"className":66,"code":54132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n",[15,54134,54135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54136,54137,54139,54141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54138,7899],{"class":79},[73,54140,84],{"class":83},[73,54142,7429],{"class":105},[292,54144,54146,54148],{"id":54145},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54147,10915],{}," empties the same list object",[64,54150,54152],{"className":66,"code":54151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54153,54154,54174,54182,54186,54196,54200,54212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54155,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54157,2145],{"class":79},[73,54159,84],{"class":83},[73,54161,528],{"class":105},[73,54163,404],{"class":315},[73,54165,149],{"class":105},[73,54167,409],{"class":315},[73,54169,149],{"class":105},[73,54171,414],{"class":315},[73,54173,229],{"class":105},[73,54175,54176,54178,54180],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54177,2173],{"class":79},[73,54179,84],{"class":83},[73,54181,35545],{"class":79},[73,54183,54184],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54185,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54187,54188,54190,54192,54194],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54189,587],{"class":79},[73,54191,817],{"class":105},[73,54193,10977],{"class":114},[73,54195,8233],{"class":105},[73,54197,54198],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54199,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54201,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,54203,102],{"class":101},[73,54205,106],{"class":105},[73,54207,587],{"class":114},[73,54209,3246],{"class":105},[73,54211,53785],{"class":3249},[73,54213,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,54215,102],{"class":101},[73,54217,106],{"class":105},[73,54219,4350],{"class":114},[73,54221,3246],{"class":105},[73,54223,53785],{"class":3249},[20,54225,10182,54226,355,54228,54230],{},[15,54227,587],{},[15,54229,4350],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[292,54232,54234,54237],{"id":54233},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54235,54236],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[64,54239,54241],{"className":66,"code":54240,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54242,54243,54263,54271,54275,54283,54287,54299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54244,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54246,2145],{"class":79},[73,54248,84],{"class":83},[73,54250,528],{"class":105},[73,54252,404],{"class":315},[73,54254,149],{"class":105},[73,54256,409],{"class":315},[73,54258,149],{"class":105},[73,54260,414],{"class":315},[73,54262,229],{"class":105},[73,54264,54265,54267,54269],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54266,2173],{"class":79},[73,54268,84],{"class":83},[73,54270,35545],{"class":79},[73,54272,54273],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54274,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54276,54277,54279,54281],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54278,2145],{"class":79},[73,54280,84],{"class":83},[73,54282,7429],{"class":105},[73,54284,54285],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54286,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54288,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,54290,102],{"class":101},[73,54292,106],{"class":105},[73,54294,587],{"class":114},[73,54296,3246],{"class":105},[73,54298,53785],{"class":3249},[73,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,54302,102],{"class":101},[73,54304,106],{"class":105},[73,54306,4350],{"class":114},[73,54308,3246],{"class":105},[73,54310,54311],{"class":3249},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54313,20370,54314,54316,54317,54319],{},[15,54315,587],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54318,4350],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54321,54322],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54324,54325,54328,54331],{},[33,54326,54327],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54329,54330],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54332,54333],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54335,54336,54337,817],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[587,54338,54340,54341,10333],{"href":54339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54342,12373],{},[59,54344,4551,54345],{"id":12033},[15,54346,10915],{},[20,54348,121,54349,5906],{},[15,54350,10915],{},[30,54352,54353,54356,54359],{},[33,54354,54355],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54357,54358],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54360,54361],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54363,714],{},[64,54365,54367],{"className":66,"code":54366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54368,54369,54405,54409,54414,54425,54429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54370,54371,54374,54376,54378,54380,54383,54385,54387,54389,54392,54394,54396,54398,54401,54403],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54372,54373],{"class":79},"shopping_cart ",[73,54375,84],{"class":83},[73,54377,528],{"class":105},[73,54379,384],{"class":87},[73,54381,54382],{"class":91},"milk",[73,54384,384],{"class":87},[73,54386,149],{"class":105},[73,54388,88],{"class":87},[73,54390,54391],{"class":91},"bread",[73,54393,384],{"class":87},[73,54395,149],{"class":105},[73,54397,88],{"class":87},[73,54399,54400],{"class":91},"eggs",[73,54402,384],{"class":87},[73,54404,229],{"class":105},[73,54406,54407],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54408,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54410,54411],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54412,54413],{"class":3249},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[73,54415,54416,54419,54421,54423],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54417,54418],{"class":79},"shopping_cart",[73,54420,817],{"class":105},[73,54422,10977],{"class":114},[73,54424,8233],{"class":105},[73,54426,54427],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54428,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54430,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,54432,102],{"class":101},[73,54434,106],{"class":105},[73,54436,54418],{"class":114},[73,54438,3246],{"class":105},[73,54440,53785],{"class":3249},[20,54442,54443,54444,54448,54449,54455,54456,817],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[587,54445,54447],{"href":54446},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[587,54450,54452,10333],{"href":54451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54453,54454],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[587,54457,54459,10333],{"href":54458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54460,54461],{},"list.pop()",[59,54463,4107],{"id":4106},[292,54465,54467,54468,10685,54471],{"id":54466},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54469,54470],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54472,54473],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54475,54476],{},"This does not call the method.",[64,54478,54480],{"className":66,"code":54479,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54481,54482,54502,54506,54515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54483,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54485,7369],{"class":79},[73,54487,84],{"class":83},[73,54489,528],{"class":105},[73,54491,404],{"class":315},[73,54493,149],{"class":105},[73,54495,409],{"class":315},[73,54497,149],{"class":105},[73,54499,414],{"class":315},[73,54501,229],{"class":105},[73,54503,54504],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54505,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54507,54508,54510,54512],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54509,7400],{"class":79},[73,54511,817],{"class":105},[73,54513,54514],{"class":851},"clear\n",[73,54516,54517,54519,54521,54523],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54518,102],{"class":101},[73,54520,106],{"class":105},[73,54522,7400],{"class":114},[73,54524,854],{"class":105},[20,54526,1660],{},[64,54528,54530],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54531,54532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54535,138],{"class":105},[73,54537,404],{"class":315},[73,54539,149],{"class":105},[73,54541,409],{"class":315},[73,54543,149],{"class":105},[73,54545,414],{"class":315},[73,54547,229],{"class":105},[20,54549,54550],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54552,10400],{},[64,54554,54556],{"className":66,"code":54555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54557,54558,54578,54582,54592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54559,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54561,7369],{"class":79},[73,54563,84],{"class":83},[73,54565,528],{"class":105},[73,54567,404],{"class":315},[73,54569,149],{"class":105},[73,54571,409],{"class":315},[73,54573,149],{"class":105},[73,54575,414],{"class":315},[73,54577,229],{"class":105},[73,54579,54580],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54581,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54583,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54585,7400],{"class":79},[73,54587,817],{"class":105},[73,54589,10977],{"class":114},[73,54591,8233],{"class":105},[73,54593,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54595,102],{"class":101},[73,54597,106],{"class":105},[73,54599,7400],{"class":114},[73,54601,3246],{"class":105},[73,54603,53785],{"class":3249},[292,54605,8044,54607,54609],{"id":54606},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54608,10915],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54611,54612,1987,54614,54616],{},[15,54613,10915],{},[15,54615,3364],{},", not the list.",[64,54618,54620],{"className":66,"code":54619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54621,54622,54642,54656,54660,54672],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54625,7369],{"class":79},[73,54627,84],{"class":83},[73,54629,528],{"class":105},[73,54631,404],{"class":315},[73,54633,149],{"class":105},[73,54635,409],{"class":315},[73,54637,149],{"class":105},[73,54639,414],{"class":315},[73,54641,229],{"class":105},[73,54643,54644,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54645,1819],{"class":79},[73,54647,84],{"class":83},[73,54649,5553],{"class":79},[73,54651,817],{"class":105},[73,54653,10977],{"class":114},[73,54655,8233],{"class":105},[73,54657,54658],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54659,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,54661,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54663,102],{"class":101},[73,54665,106],{"class":105},[73,54667,1854],{"class":114},[73,54669,3246],{"class":105},[73,54671,20475],{"class":3249},[73,54673,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54675,102],{"class":101},[73,54677,106],{"class":105},[73,54679,7400],{"class":114},[73,54681,3246],{"class":105},[73,54683,54033],{"class":3249},[292,54685,438,54687,54689],{"id":54686},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54688,10915],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54691,54692,54693,54695],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54694,10915],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54697,54698],{},"This will fail:",[64,54700,54702],{"className":66,"code":54701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54703,54704,54716],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54705,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54707,461],{"class":79},[73,54709,84],{"class":83},[73,54711,88],{"class":87},[73,54713,92],{"class":91},[73,54715,95],{"class":87},[73,54717,54718,54720,54722,54724],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54719,482],{"class":79},[73,54721,817],{"class":105},[73,54723,10977],{"class":114},[73,54725,8233],{"class":105},[20,54727,54728,54729,33198],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54730,10915],{},[20,54732,54733,54734,54736],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54735,3364],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54738,54739],{},"Useful checks:",[64,54741,54743],{"className":66,"code":54742,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54744,54745,54755,54769,54783,54792,54802],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54748,102],{"class":101},[73,54750,106],{"class":105},[73,54752,7930],{"class":114},[73,54754,854],{"class":105},[73,54756,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,54758,102],{"class":101},[73,54760,106],{"class":105},[73,54762,1271],{"class":1270},[73,54764,106],{"class":105},[73,54766,7930],{"class":114},[73,54768,118],{"class":105},[73,54770,54771,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,54772,102],{"class":101},[73,54774,106],{"class":105},[73,54776,12245],{"class":101},[73,54778,106],{"class":105},[73,54780,7930],{"class":114},[73,54782,118],{"class":105},[73,54784,54785,54787,54789],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,54786,42924],{"class":79},[73,54788,84],{"class":83},[73,54790,54791],{"class":79}," my_list\n",[73,54793,54794,54796,54798,54800],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,54795,7930],{"class":79},[73,54797,817],{"class":105},[73,54799,10977],{"class":114},[73,54801,8233],{"class":105},[73,54803,54804,54806,54808,54810],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,54805,102],{"class":101},[73,54807,106],{"class":105},[73,54809,30341],{"class":114},[73,54811,854],{"class":105},[20,54813,54814],{},"These can help you see:",[30,54816,54817,54820,54823],{},[33,54818,54819],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,54821,54822],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,54824,54825],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54827,54828,54829,817],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[587,54830,54831],{"href":53675},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[59,54833,1405],{"id":1404},[292,54835,12300,54837,54839],{"id":54836},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54838,53728],{}," delete the list?",[20,54841,54842],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[292,54844,12300,54846,54848],{"id":54845},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54847,53728],{}," return a new list?",[20,54850,54851,54852,54854],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54853,3364],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[292,54856,1419,54858,355,54860,1424],{"id":54857},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54859,10915],{},[15,54861,54236],{},[20,54863,54864,54866,54867,54869],{},[15,54865,10915],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54868,54236],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[292,54871,27925,54873,54875],{"id":54872},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54874,10915],{}," on other types?",[20,54877,54878,54879,54881],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54880,10915],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[59,54883,1461],{"id":1460},[30,54885,54886,54890,54895,54902,54909,54915],{},[33,54887,54888],{},[587,54889,52150],{"href":53949},[33,54891,54892],{},[587,54893,54894],{"href":54446},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,54896,54897],{},[587,54898,54899,54900,10333],{"href":54458},"Python list ",[15,54901,12359],{},[33,54903,54904],{},[587,54905,54899,54906,10333],{"href":54451},[15,54907,54908],{},"remove()",[33,54910,54911],{},[587,54912,54899,54913,10333],{"href":54339},[15,54914,12373],{},[33,54916,54917],{},[587,54918,29945,54919,33231],{"href":53675},[15,54920,54921],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1500,54923,54924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":54926},[54927,54928,54930,54931,54932,54933,54940,54941,54949,54959],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":53793,"depth":98,"text":54929},"What list.clear() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":54107,"depth":98,"text":54934,"children":54935},"clear() vs assigning []",[54936,54938],{"id":54145,"depth":332,"text":54937},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54233,"depth":332,"text":54939},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12033,"depth":98,"text":12405},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":54942},[54943,54945,54947],{"id":54466,"depth":332,"text":54944},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54606,"depth":332,"text":54946},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54686,"depth":332,"text":54948},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":54950},[54951,54953,54955,54957],{"id":54836,"depth":332,"text":54952},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54845,"depth":332,"text":54954},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54857,"depth":332,"text":54956},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54872,"depth":332,"text":54958},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53715,"description":54960},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54967,"title":54968,"body":54969,"description":56654,"extension":1552,"meta":56655,"navigation":335,"path":56656,"seo":56657,"stem":56658,"__hash__":56659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54970,"toc":56622},[54971,54976,54982,54990,54992,55081,55088,55093,55097,55111,55113,55190,55192,55253,55256,55258,55260,55281,55284,55298,55301,55346,55348,55356,55359,55365,55371,55374,55451,55453,55498,55501,55506,55589,55591,55632,55637,55641,55647,55649,55657,55660,55753,55755,55813,55816,55832,55837,55847,55852,55854,55859,55864,55867,55869,55926,55929,55982,55988,55993,55997,56014,56016,56100,56102,56143,56151,56153,56158,56164,56166,56229,56234,56304,56308,56343,56346,56348,56387,56391,56467,56473,56479,56484,56506,56509,56528,56536,56538,56544,56547,56554,56562,56567,56570,56574,56580,56588,56591,56593,56619],[10,54972,53721,54974,10916],{"id":54973},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54975,12373],{},[20,54977,54978,54981],{},[15,54979,54980],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54983,54984,54985,13651,54987,54989],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54986,84],{},[55,54988,806],{}," make a real copy.",[59,54991,62],{"id":61},[64,54993,54995],{"className":66,"code":54994,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54996,54997,55017,55032,55036,55051,55055,55068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54998,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55000,523],{"class":79},[73,55002,84],{"class":83},[73,55004,528],{"class":105},[73,55006,404],{"class":315},[73,55008,149],{"class":105},[73,55010,409],{"class":315},[73,55012,149],{"class":105},[73,55014,414],{"class":315},[73,55016,229],{"class":105},[73,55018,55019,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55020,55021],{"class":79},"new_numbers ",[73,55023,84],{"class":83},[73,55025,3851],{"class":79},[73,55027,817],{"class":105},[73,55029,12508],{"class":114},[73,55031,8233],{"class":105},[73,55033,55034],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55035,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55037,55038,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55039,55040],{"class":79},"new_numbers",[73,55042,817],{"class":105},[73,55044,564],{"class":114},[73,55046,106],{"class":105},[73,55048,2095],{"class":315},[73,55050,854],{"class":105},[73,55052,55053],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,55054,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55056,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,55058,102],{"class":101},[73,55060,106],{"class":105},[73,55062,553],{"class":114},[73,55064,3246],{"class":105},[73,55066,55067],{"class":3249},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[73,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,55071,102],{"class":101},[73,55073,106],{"class":105},[73,55075,55040],{"class":114},[73,55077,3246],{"class":105},[73,55079,55080],{"class":3249},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55082,121,55083,55085,55086,817],{},[15,55084,54980],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[55,55087,12447],{},[59,55089,236,55091,239],{"id":55090},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55092,54980],{},[20,55094,55095,2475],{},[15,55096,54980],{},[30,55098,55099,55102,55105,55108],{},[33,55100,55101],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55103,55104],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55106,55107],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55109,55110],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55112,714],{},[64,55114,55116],{"className":66,"code":55115,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55117,55118,55150,55165,55169,55179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55119,55120,55122,55124,55126,55128,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146,55148],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55121,35609],{"class":79},[73,55123,84],{"class":83},[73,55125,528],{"class":105},[73,55127,384],{"class":87},[73,55129,3666],{"class":91},[73,55131,384],{"class":87},[73,55133,149],{"class":105},[73,55135,88],{"class":87},[73,55137,3675],{"class":91},[73,55139,384],{"class":87},[73,55141,149],{"class":105},[73,55143,88],{"class":87},[73,55145,32818],{"class":91},[73,55147,384],{"class":87},[73,55149,229],{"class":105},[73,55151,55152,55155,55157,55159,55161,55163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55153,55154],{"class":79},"copied_fruits ",[73,55156,84],{"class":83},[73,55158,52230],{"class":79},[73,55160,817],{"class":105},[73,55162,12508],{"class":114},[73,55164,8233],{"class":105},[73,55166,55167],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55168,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55170,55171,55173,55175,55177],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55172,102],{"class":101},[73,55174,106],{"class":105},[73,55176,35661],{"class":114},[73,55178,854],{"class":105},[73,55180,55181,55183,55185,55188],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,55182,102],{"class":101},[73,55184,106],{"class":105},[73,55186,55187],{"class":114},"copied_fruits",[73,55189,854],{"class":105},[20,55191,1660],{},[64,55193,55195],{"className":66,"code":55194,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55196,55197,55225],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55198,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55200,138],{"class":105},[73,55202,141],{"class":87},[73,55204,3666],{"class":91},[73,55206,141],{"class":87},[73,55208,149],{"class":105},[73,55210,152],{"class":87},[73,55212,3675],{"class":91},[73,55214,141],{"class":87},[73,55216,149],{"class":105},[73,55218,152],{"class":87},[73,55220,32818],{"class":91},[73,55222,141],{"class":87},[73,55224,229],{"class":105},[73,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55228,138],{"class":105},[73,55230,141],{"class":87},[73,55232,3666],{"class":91},[73,55234,141],{"class":87},[73,55236,149],{"class":105},[73,55238,152],{"class":87},[73,55240,3675],{"class":91},[73,55242,141],{"class":87},[73,55244,149],{"class":105},[73,55246,152],{"class":87},[73,55248,32818],{"class":91},[73,55250,141],{"class":87},[73,55252,229],{"class":105},[20,55254,55255],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[59,55257,285],{"id":284},[20,55259,1750],{},[64,55261,55263],{"className":66,"code":55262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55264,55265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55266,55267,55270,55272,55275,55277,55279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55268,55269],{"class":79},"new_list ",[73,55271,84],{"class":83},[73,55273,55274],{"class":79}," old_list",[73,55276,817],{"class":105},[73,55278,12508],{"class":114},[73,55280,8233],{"class":105},[20,55282,55283],{},"How it works:",[30,55285,55286,55292,55295],{},[33,55287,55288,55289,55291],{},"Call ",[15,55290,12373],{}," on an existing list",[33,55293,55294],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55296,55297],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55299,55300],{},"Example with an empty list:",[64,55302,55304],{"className":66,"code":55303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55305,55306,55315,55331,55335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55307,55308,55311,55313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55309,55310],{"class":79},"empty_list ",[73,55312,84],{"class":83},[73,55314,7429],{"class":105},[73,55316,55317,55320,55322,55325,55327,55329],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55318,55319],{"class":79},"new_empty_list ",[73,55321,84],{"class":83},[73,55323,55324],{"class":79}," empty_list",[73,55326,817],{"class":105},[73,55328,12508],{"class":114},[73,55330,8233],{"class":105},[73,55332,55333],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55334,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55336,55337,55339,55341,55344],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55338,102],{"class":101},[73,55340,106],{"class":105},[73,55342,55343],{"class":114},"new_empty_list",[73,55345,854],{"class":105},[20,55347,1660],{},[64,55349,55350],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,55351,55352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55353,55354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55355,37669],{"class":105},[20,55357,55358],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[59,55360,55362,55363],{"id":55361},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55364,84],{},[20,55366,438,55367,13651,55369,52046],{},[15,55368,84],{},[55,55370,806],{},[20,55372,55373],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[64,55375,55377],{"className":66,"code":55376,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55378,55379,55399,55408,55412,55427,55431,55441],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55380,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391,55393,55395,55397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55382,523],{"class":79},[73,55384,84],{"class":83},[73,55386,528],{"class":105},[73,55388,404],{"class":315},[73,55390,149],{"class":105},[73,55392,409],{"class":315},[73,55394,149],{"class":105},[73,55396,414],{"class":315},[73,55398,229],{"class":105},[73,55400,55401,55404,55406],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55402,55403],{"class":79},"same_list ",[73,55405,84],{"class":83},[73,55407,43357],{"class":79},[73,55409,55410],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55411,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55413,55414,55417,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55415,55416],{"class":79},"same_list",[73,55418,817],{"class":105},[73,55420,564],{"class":114},[73,55422,106],{"class":105},[73,55424,2095],{"class":315},[73,55426,854],{"class":105},[73,55428,55429],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,55430,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55432,55433,55435,55437,55439],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,55434,102],{"class":101},[73,55436,106],{"class":105},[73,55438,553],{"class":114},[73,55440,854],{"class":105},[73,55442,55443,55445,55447,55449],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,55444,102],{"class":101},[73,55446,106],{"class":105},[73,55448,55416],{"class":114},[73,55450,854],{"class":105},[20,55452,1660],{},[64,55454,55456],{"className":66,"code":55455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55457,55458,55478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55459,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55461,138],{"class":105},[73,55463,404],{"class":315},[73,55465,149],{"class":105},[73,55467,409],{"class":315},[73,55469,149],{"class":105},[73,55471,414],{"class":315},[73,55473,149],{"class":105},[73,55475,2047],{"class":315},[73,55477,229],{"class":105},[73,55479,55480,55482,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55481,138],{"class":105},[73,55483,404],{"class":315},[73,55485,149],{"class":105},[73,55487,409],{"class":315},[73,55489,149],{"class":105},[73,55491,414],{"class":315},[73,55493,149],{"class":105},[73,55495,2047],{"class":315},[73,55497,229],{"class":105},[20,55499,55500],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55502,55503,55504,2475],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55505,12373],{},[64,55507,55509],{"className":66,"code":55508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55510,55511,55531,55546,55550,55565,55569,55579],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55512,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55514,523],{"class":79},[73,55516,84],{"class":83},[73,55518,528],{"class":105},[73,55520,404],{"class":315},[73,55522,149],{"class":105},[73,55524,409],{"class":315},[73,55526,149],{"class":105},[73,55528,414],{"class":315},[73,55530,229],{"class":105},[73,55532,55533,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55534,55535],{"class":79},"copied_numbers ",[73,55537,84],{"class":83},[73,55539,3851],{"class":79},[73,55541,817],{"class":105},[73,55543,12508],{"class":114},[73,55545,8233],{"class":105},[73,55547,55548],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55549,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55551,55552,55555,55557,55559,55561,55563],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55553,55554],{"class":79},"copied_numbers",[73,55556,817],{"class":105},[73,55558,564],{"class":114},[73,55560,106],{"class":105},[73,55562,2095],{"class":315},[73,55564,854],{"class":105},[73,55566,55567],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,55568,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55570,55571,55573,55575,55577],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,55572,102],{"class":101},[73,55574,106],{"class":105},[73,55576,553],{"class":114},[73,55578,854],{"class":105},[73,55580,55581,55583,55585,55587],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,55582,102],{"class":101},[73,55584,106],{"class":105},[73,55586,55554],{"class":114},[73,55588,854],{"class":105},[20,55590,1660],{},[64,55592,55594],{"className":66,"code":55593,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55595,55596,55612],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55597,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55599,138],{"class":105},[73,55601,404],{"class":315},[73,55603,149],{"class":105},[73,55605,409],{"class":315},[73,55607,149],{"class":105},[73,55609,414],{"class":315},[73,55611,229],{"class":105},[73,55613,55614,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55615,138],{"class":105},[73,55617,404],{"class":315},[73,55619,149],{"class":105},[73,55621,409],{"class":315},[73,55623,149],{"class":105},[73,55625,414],{"class":315},[73,55627,149],{"class":105},[73,55629,2047],{"class":315},[73,55631,229],{"class":105},[20,55633,55634,55635,817],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[587,55636,52150],{"href":50357},[59,55638,55640],{"id":55639},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55642,55643,12444,55645,817],{},[15,55644,54980],{},[55,55646,12447],{},[20,55648,1697],{},[30,55650,55651,55654],{},[33,55652,55653],{},"The outer list is new",[33,55655,55656],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55658,55659],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[64,55661,55663],{"className":66,"code":55662,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55664,55665,55692,55706,55710,55729,55733,55743],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55666,55667,55669,55671,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55668,11681],{"class":79},[73,55670,84],{"class":83},[73,55672,55673],{"class":105}," [[",[73,55675,404],{"class":315},[73,55677,149],{"class":105},[73,55679,409],{"class":315},[73,55681,17661],{"class":105},[73,55683,528],{"class":105},[73,55685,1652],{"class":315},[73,55687,149],{"class":105},[73,55689,2047],{"class":315},[73,55691,52621],{"class":105},[73,55693,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55695,13909],{"class":79},[73,55697,84],{"class":83},[73,55699,11756],{"class":79},[73,55701,817],{"class":105},[73,55703,12508],{"class":114},[73,55705,8233],{"class":105},[73,55707,55708],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55709,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55711,55712,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722,55724,55727],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55713,13928],{"class":79},[73,55715,138],{"class":105},[73,55717,1710],{"class":315},[73,55719,13148],{"class":105},[73,55721,564],{"class":114},[73,55723,106],{"class":105},[73,55725,55726],{"class":315},"99",[73,55728,854],{"class":105},[73,55730,55731],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,55732,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55734,55735,55737,55739,55741],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,55736,102],{"class":101},[73,55738,106],{"class":105},[73,55740,11728],{"class":114},[73,55742,854],{"class":105},[73,55744,55745,55747,55749,55751],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,55746,102],{"class":101},[73,55748,106],{"class":105},[73,55750,13928],{"class":114},[73,55752,854],{"class":105},[20,55754,1660],{},[64,55756,55758],{"className":66,"code":55757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55759,55760,55787],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55761,55762,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55763,55764],{"class":105},"[[",[73,55766,404],{"class":315},[73,55768,149],{"class":105},[73,55770,409],{"class":315},[73,55772,149],{"class":105},[73,55774,9789],{"class":315},[73,55776,17661],{"class":105},[73,55778,528],{"class":105},[73,55780,1652],{"class":315},[73,55782,149],{"class":105},[73,55784,2047],{"class":315},[73,55786,52621],{"class":105},[73,55788,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55790,55764],{"class":105},[73,55792,404],{"class":315},[73,55794,149],{"class":105},[73,55796,409],{"class":315},[73,55798,149],{"class":105},[73,55800,9789],{"class":315},[73,55802,17661],{"class":105},[73,55804,528],{"class":105},[73,55806,1652],{"class":315},[73,55808,149],{"class":105},[73,55810,2047],{"class":315},[73,55812,52621],{"class":105},[20,55814,55815],{},"Why did both change?",[30,55817,55818,55825],{},[33,55819,55820,355,55822,55824],{},[15,55821,11728],{},[15,55823,13928],{}," are different outer lists",[33,55826,55827,55828,55831],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55829,55830],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55833,53032,55834,55836],{},[15,55835,12373],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,55838,55839,55842,55845],{},[33,55840,55841],{},"Numbers",[33,55843,55844],{},"Strings",[33,55846,39968],{},[20,55848,55849,55850,817],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[587,55851,13388],{"href":13387},[59,55853,17017],{"id":17016},[20,55855,55856,55858],{},[15,55857,54980],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55860,40279,55861,55863],{},[55,55862,806],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55865,55866],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55868,16254],{},[64,55870,55872],{"className":66,"code":55871,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55873,55874,55898,55912,55916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55875,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55877,12673],{"class":79},[73,55879,84],{"class":83},[73,55881,528],{"class":105},[73,55883,384],{"class":87},[73,55885,12690],{"class":91},[73,55887,384],{"class":87},[73,55889,149],{"class":105},[73,55891,88],{"class":87},[73,55893,12707],{"class":91},[73,55895,384],{"class":87},[73,55897,229],{"class":105},[73,55899,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55901,12716],{"class":79},[73,55903,84],{"class":83},[73,55905,12721],{"class":79},[73,55907,817],{"class":105},[73,55909,12508],{"class":114},[73,55911,8233],{"class":105},[73,55913,55914],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55915,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55917,55918,55920,55922,55924],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55919,102],{"class":101},[73,55921,106],{"class":105},[73,55923,12740],{"class":114},[73,55925,854],{"class":105},[20,55927,55928],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[64,55930,55932],{"className":66,"code":55931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55933,55934,55958,55968,55972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55935,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952,55954,55956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55937,12673],{"class":79},[73,55939,84],{"class":83},[73,55941,528],{"class":105},[73,55943,384],{"class":87},[73,55945,12690],{"class":91},[73,55947,384],{"class":87},[73,55949,149],{"class":105},[73,55951,88],{"class":87},[73,55953,12707],{"class":91},[73,55955,384],{"class":87},[73,55957,229],{"class":105},[73,55959,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,55961,17101],{"class":79},[73,55963,817],{"class":105},[73,55965,12508],{"class":114},[73,55967,8233],{"class":105},[73,55969,55970],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,55971,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,55973,55974,55976,55978,55980],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,55975,102],{"class":101},[73,55977,106],{"class":105},[73,55979,17101],{"class":114},[73,55981,854],{"class":105},[20,55983,55984,55985,55987],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55986,12373],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[59,55989,4551,55991],{"id":55990},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55992,54980],{},[20,55994,121,55995,10193],{},[15,55996,54980],{},[30,55998,55999,56002,56005,56008],{},[33,56000,56001],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56003,56004],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56006,56007],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56009,56010,56011],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56012,56013],{},"[:]",[20,56015,714],{},[64,56017,56019],{"className":66,"code":56018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56020,56021,56041,56056,56060,56075,56079,56089],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56022,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56024,4654],{"class":79},[73,56026,84],{"class":83},[73,56028,528],{"class":105},[73,56030,1920],{"class":315},[73,56032,149],{"class":105},[73,56034,7380],{"class":315},[73,56036,149],{"class":105},[73,56038,7385],{"class":315},[73,56040,229],{"class":105},[73,56042,56043,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56044,56045],{"class":79},"backup_scores ",[73,56047,84],{"class":83},[73,56049,4701],{"class":79},[73,56051,817],{"class":105},[73,56053,12508],{"class":114},[73,56055,8233],{"class":105},[73,56057,56058],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,56059,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56061,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56073],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,56063,15987],{"class":79},[73,56065,817],{"class":105},[73,56067,564],{"class":114},[73,56069,106],{"class":105},[73,56071,56072],{"class":315},"40",[73,56074,854],{"class":105},[73,56076,56077],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,56078,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56080,56081,56083,56085,56087],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,56082,102],{"class":101},[73,56084,106],{"class":105},[73,56086,15987],{"class":114},[73,56088,854],{"class":105},[73,56090,56091,56093,56095,56098],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,56092,102],{"class":101},[73,56094,106],{"class":105},[73,56096,56097],{"class":114},"backup_scores",[73,56099,854],{"class":105},[20,56101,1660],{},[64,56103,56105],{"className":66,"code":56104,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56106,56107,56127],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56108,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56110,138],{"class":105},[73,56112,1920],{"class":315},[73,56114,149],{"class":105},[73,56116,7380],{"class":315},[73,56118,149],{"class":105},[73,56120,7385],{"class":315},[73,56122,149],{"class":105},[73,56124,50221],{"class":315},[73,56126,229],{"class":105},[73,56128,56129,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56130,138],{"class":105},[73,56132,1920],{"class":315},[73,56134,149],{"class":105},[73,56136,7380],{"class":315},[73,56138,149],{"class":105},[73,56140,7385],{"class":315},[73,56142,229],{"class":105},[20,56144,56145,56146,817],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[587,56147,54899,56149,10333],{"href":56148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56150,52031],{},[59,56152,4107],{"id":4106},[20,56154,56155,56156,817],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56157,54980],{},[292,56159,438,56161,56163],{"id":56160},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56162,84],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56165,38571],{},[64,56167,56169],{"className":66,"code":56168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56170,56171,56191,56199,56213,56217],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56172,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56174,2145],{"class":79},[73,56176,84],{"class":83},[73,56178,528],{"class":105},[73,56180,404],{"class":315},[73,56182,149],{"class":105},[73,56184,409],{"class":315},[73,56186,149],{"class":105},[73,56188,414],{"class":315},[73,56190,229],{"class":105},[73,56192,56193,56195,56197],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56194,2173],{"class":79},[73,56196,84],{"class":83},[73,56198,35545],{"class":79},[73,56200,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,56202,4350],{"class":79},[73,56204,817],{"class":105},[73,56206,564],{"class":114},[73,56208,106],{"class":105},[73,56210,2095],{"class":315},[73,56212,854],{"class":105},[73,56214,56215],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,56216,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56218,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,56220,102],{"class":101},[73,56222,106],{"class":105},[73,56224,587],{"class":114},[73,56226,3246],{"class":105},[73,56228,55080],{"class":3249},[20,56230,56231,56232,6221],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56233,12373],{},[64,56235,56237],{"className":66,"code":56236,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56238,56239,56259,56274,56288,56292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56242,2145],{"class":79},[73,56244,84],{"class":83},[73,56246,528],{"class":105},[73,56248,404],{"class":315},[73,56250,149],{"class":105},[73,56252,409],{"class":315},[73,56254,149],{"class":105},[73,56256,414],{"class":315},[73,56258,229],{"class":105},[73,56260,56261,56263,56265,56268,56270,56272],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56262,2173],{"class":79},[73,56264,84],{"class":83},[73,56266,56267],{"class":79}," a",[73,56269,817],{"class":105},[73,56271,12508],{"class":114},[73,56273,8233],{"class":105},[73,56275,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,56277,4350],{"class":79},[73,56279,817],{"class":105},[73,56281,564],{"class":114},[73,56283,106],{"class":105},[73,56285,2095],{"class":315},[73,56287,854],{"class":105},[73,56289,56290],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,56291,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56293,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,56295,102],{"class":101},[73,56297,106],{"class":105},[73,56299,587],{"class":114},[73,56301,3246],{"class":105},[73,56303,54311],{"class":3249},[292,56305,56307],{"id":56306},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[64,56309,56311],{"className":66,"code":56310,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56312,56313,56333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56316,523],{"class":79},[73,56318,84],{"class":83},[73,56320,528],{"class":105},[73,56322,404],{"class":315},[73,56324,149],{"class":105},[73,56326,409],{"class":315},[73,56328,149],{"class":105},[73,56330,414],{"class":315},[73,56332,229],{"class":105},[73,56334,56335,56337,56339,56341],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56336,553],{"class":79},[73,56338,817],{"class":105},[73,56340,12508],{"class":114},[73,56342,8233],{"class":105},[20,56344,56345],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56347,38634],{},[64,56349,56351],{"className":66,"code":56350,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56352,56353,56373],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56354,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56356,523],{"class":79},[73,56358,84],{"class":83},[73,56360,528],{"class":105},[73,56362,404],{"class":315},[73,56364,149],{"class":105},[73,56366,409],{"class":315},[73,56368,149],{"class":105},[73,56370,414],{"class":315},[73,56372,229],{"class":105},[73,56374,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56376,55535],{"class":79},[73,56378,84],{"class":83},[73,56380,3851],{"class":79},[73,56382,817],{"class":105},[73,56384,12508],{"class":114},[73,56386,8233],{"class":105},[292,56388,56390],{"id":56389},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[64,56392,56394],{"className":66,"code":56393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56395,56396,56414,56428,56432,56450,56454],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56397,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56399,2145],{"class":79},[73,56401,84],{"class":83},[73,56403,55673],{"class":105},[73,56405,404],{"class":315},[73,56407,17661],{"class":105},[73,56409,528],{"class":105},[73,56411,1646],{"class":315},[73,56413,52621],{"class":105},[73,56415,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56417,2173],{"class":79},[73,56419,84],{"class":83},[73,56421,56267],{"class":79},[73,56423,817],{"class":105},[73,56425,12508],{"class":114},[73,56427,8233],{"class":105},[73,56429,56430],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,56431,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56433,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,56435,4350],{"class":79},[73,56437,138],{"class":105},[73,56439,1710],{"class":315},[73,56441,13148],{"class":105},[73,56443,564],{"class":114},[73,56445,106],{"class":105},[73,56447,55726],{"class":315},[73,56449,854],{"class":105},[73,56451,56452],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,56453,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,56455,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,56457,102],{"class":101},[73,56459,106],{"class":105},[73,56461,587],{"class":114},[73,56463,3246],{"class":105},[73,56465,56466],{"class":3249},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56468,56469,56470,56472],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56471,54980],{}," is shallow.",[292,56474,25214,56476,56478],{"id":56475},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56477,12373],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56480,56481,56483],{},[15,56482,12373],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[64,56485,56487],{"className":66,"code":56486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56488,56489,56501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56490,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56492,80],{"class":79},[73,56494,84],{"class":83},[73,56496,88],{"class":87},[73,56498,4594],{"class":91},[73,56500,95],{"class":87},[73,56502,56503],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56504,56505],{"class":3249},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56507,56508],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[64,56510,56512],{"className":66,"code":56511,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56513,56514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56515,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56517,102],{"class":101},[73,56519,106],{"class":105},[73,56521,1271],{"class":1270},[73,56523,106],{"class":105},[73,56525,115],{"class":114},[73,56527,118],{"class":105},[20,56529,56530,56531,56535],{},"You can also review ",[587,56532,56534],{"href":56533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[59,56537,1405],{"id":1404},[292,56539,12300,56541,56543],{"id":56540},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56542,54980],{}," change the original list?",[20,56545,56546],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[292,56548,1419,56550,355,56552,1424],{"id":56549},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56551,54980],{},[15,56553,84],{},[20,56555,56556,56558,56559,56561],{},[15,56557,12373],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56560,84],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[292,56563,14501,56565,14504],{"id":56564},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56566,54980],{},[20,56568,56569],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[292,56571,56573],{"id":56572},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56575,41526,56576,56579],{},[15,56577,56578],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[292,56581,14501,56583,56585,56586,1424],{"id":56582},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56584,54980],{}," the same as ",[15,56587,56013],{},[20,56589,56590],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[59,56592,1461],{"id":1460},[30,56594,56595,56600,56604,56609,56615],{},[33,56596,56597],{},[587,56598,14563],{"href":56599},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56601,56602],{},[587,56603,52150],{"href":50357},[33,56605,56606],{},[587,56607,56608],{"href":56533},"Creating a list in Python",[33,56610,56611],{},[587,56612,54899,56613,10333],{"href":56148},[15,56614,52031],{},[33,56616,56617],{},[587,56618,13388],{"href":13387},[1500,56620,56621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":56623},[56624,56625,56627,56628,56630,56631,56632,56634,56642,56653],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":55090,"depth":98,"text":56626},"What list.copy() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":55361,"depth":98,"text":56629},"Why not use =",{"id":55639,"depth":98,"text":55640},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":55990,"depth":98,"text":56633},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":56635},[56636,56638,56639,56640],{"id":56160,"depth":332,"text":56637},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56306,"depth":332,"text":56307},{"id":56389,"depth":332,"text":56390},{"id":56475,"depth":332,"text":56641},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":56643},[56644,56646,56648,56650,56651],{"id":56540,"depth":332,"text":56645},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56549,"depth":332,"text":56647},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56564,"depth":332,"text":56649},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56572,"depth":332,"text":56573},{"id":56582,"depth":332,"text":56652},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54968,"description":56654},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56661,"title":56662,"body":56663,"description":58405,"extension":1552,"meta":58406,"navigation":335,"path":58407,"seo":58408,"stem":58409,"__hash__":58410},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56664,"toc":58364},[56665,56671,56677,56680,56691,56694,56696,56759,56765,56770,56774,56788,56791,56796,56801,56803,56805,56824,56836,56838,56905,56907,56915,56920,56922,56930,56933,56950,56952,57076,57087,57091,57096,57099,57101,57119,57123,57209,57218,57226,57295,57297,57300,57312,57317,57321,57392,57395,57399,57403,57468,57470,57478,57482,57565,57567,57575,57579,57640,57642,57650,57654,57741,57743,57751,57756,57761,57764,57775,57777,57862,57867,57876,57878,57882,57886,57891,57953,57957,57965,57971,57980,57985,58034,58037,58058,58062,58124,58131,58136,58139,58226,58229,58240,58243,58263,58265,58271,58274,58278,58282,58288,58291,58297,58304,58312,58323,58325,58361],[10,56666,53721,56668,10916],{"id":56667},"python-list-count-method",[15,56669,56670],{},"count()",[20,56672,56673,56676],{},[15,56674,56675],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56678,56679],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,56681,56682,56685,56688],{},[33,56683,56684],{},"count one specific item",[33,56686,56687],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,56689,56690],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56692,56693],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[59,56695,3195],{"id":3194},[64,56697,56699],{"className":66,"code":56698,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56700,56701,56729,56747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56702,56703,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56704,523],{"class":79},[73,56706,84],{"class":83},[73,56708,528],{"class":105},[73,56710,404],{"class":315},[73,56712,149],{"class":105},[73,56714,409],{"class":315},[73,56716,149],{"class":105},[73,56718,409],{"class":315},[73,56720,149],{"class":105},[73,56722,414],{"class":315},[73,56724,149],{"class":105},[73,56726,409],{"class":315},[73,56728,229],{"class":105},[73,56730,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56732,1819],{"class":79},[73,56734,84],{"class":83},[73,56736,3851],{"class":79},[73,56738,817],{"class":105},[73,56740,40633],{"class":114},[73,56742,106],{"class":105},[73,56744,1646],{"class":315},[73,56746,854],{"class":105},[73,56748,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,56750,102],{"class":101},[73,56752,106],{"class":105},[73,56754,1854],{"class":114},[73,56756,3246],{"class":105},[73,56758,50148],{"class":3249},[20,56760,121,56761,56764],{},[15,56762,56763],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[59,56766,236,56768,239],{"id":56767},"what-listcount-does",[15,56769,56675],{},[20,56771,56772,2475],{},[15,56773,56675],{},[30,56775,56776,56779,56782,56785],{},[33,56777,56778],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,56780,56781],{},"returns an integer",[33,56783,56784],{},"does not change the original list",[33,56786,56787],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56789,56790],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56792,56793,56794,817],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56795,1652],{},[20,56797,56798,56799,817],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56800,1710],{},[59,56802,285],{"id":284},[20,56804,1750],{},[64,56806,56808],{"className":66,"code":56807,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56809,56810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56811,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56813,7930],{"class":79},[73,56815,817],{"class":105},[73,56817,40633],{"class":114},[73,56819,106],{"class":105},[73,56821,2063],{"class":114},[73,56823,854],{"class":105},[30,56825,56826,56831],{},[33,56827,56828,56830],{},[15,56829,7930],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,56832,56833,56835],{},[15,56834,2063],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56837,714],{},[64,56839,56841],{"className":66,"code":56840,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56842,56843,56883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56844,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56846,35460],{"class":79},[73,56848,84],{"class":83},[73,56850,528],{"class":105},[73,56852,384],{"class":87},[73,56854,587],{"class":91},[73,56856,384],{"class":87},[73,56858,149],{"class":105},[73,56860,88],{"class":87},[73,56862,4350],{"class":91},[73,56864,384],{"class":87},[73,56866,149],{"class":105},[73,56868,88],{"class":87},[73,56870,587],{"class":91},[73,56872,384],{"class":87},[73,56874,149],{"class":105},[73,56876,88],{"class":87},[73,56878,9332],{"class":91},[73,56880,384],{"class":87},[73,56882,229],{"class":105},[73,56884,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,56886,102],{"class":101},[73,56888,106],{"class":105},[73,56890,35513],{"class":114},[73,56892,817],{"class":105},[73,56894,40633],{"class":114},[73,56896,106],{"class":105},[73,56898,384],{"class":87},[73,56900,587],{"class":91},[73,56902,384],{"class":87},[73,56904,118],{"class":105},[20,56906,1660],{},[64,56908,56909],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,56910,56911],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56912,56913],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56914,16655],{"class":315},[20,56916,56917,56918,817],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56919,1710],{},[59,56921,37392],{"id":37391},[20,56923,56924,56925,56927,56928,817],{},"The return value from ",[15,56926,56670],{}," is always an ",[15,56929,1778],{},[20,56931,56932],{},"Possible results:",[30,56934,56935,56940,56945],{},[33,56936,56937,56939],{},[15,56938,1710],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,56941,56942,56944],{},[15,56943,404],{}," if it appears once",[33,56946,56947,56949],{},[15,56948,1646],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56951,714],{},[64,56953,56955],{"className":66,"code":56954,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56956,56957,56997,57001,57026,57051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56958,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56960,12673],{"class":79},[73,56962,84],{"class":83},[73,56964,528],{"class":105},[73,56966,384],{"class":87},[73,56968,12690],{"class":91},[73,56970,384],{"class":87},[73,56972,149],{"class":105},[73,56974,88],{"class":87},[73,56976,12707],{"class":91},[73,56978,384],{"class":87},[73,56980,149],{"class":105},[73,56982,88],{"class":87},[73,56984,17054],{"class":91},[73,56986,384],{"class":87},[73,56988,149],{"class":105},[73,56990,88],{"class":87},[73,56992,12707],{"class":91},[73,56994,384],{"class":87},[73,56996,229],{"class":105},[73,56998,56999],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57000,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57002,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57004,102],{"class":101},[73,57006,106],{"class":105},[73,57008,17101],{"class":114},[73,57010,817],{"class":105},[73,57012,40633],{"class":114},[73,57014,106],{"class":105},[73,57016,384],{"class":87},[73,57018,12707],{"class":91},[73,57020,384],{"class":87},[73,57022,4948],{"class":105},[73,57024,57025],{"class":3249},"   # 2\n",[73,57027,57028,57030,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57029,102],{"class":101},[73,57031,106],{"class":105},[73,57033,17101],{"class":114},[73,57035,817],{"class":105},[73,57037,40633],{"class":114},[73,57039,106],{"class":105},[73,57041,384],{"class":87},[73,57043,12690],{"class":91},[73,57045,384],{"class":87},[73,57047,4948],{"class":105},[73,57049,57050],{"class":3249},"    # 1\n",[73,57052,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,57054,102],{"class":101},[73,57056,106],{"class":105},[73,57058,17101],{"class":114},[73,57060,817],{"class":105},[73,57062,40633],{"class":114},[73,57064,106],{"class":105},[73,57066,384],{"class":87},[73,57068,22123],{"class":91},[73,57070,384],{"class":87},[73,57072,4948],{"class":105},[73,57074,57075],{"class":3249}," # 0\n",[20,57077,57078,57079,57081,57082,57084,57085,817],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57080,56670],{}," works, but using ",[15,57083,3469],{}," is often simpler. See ",[587,57086,5786],{"href":5785},[59,57088,57090],{"id":57089},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57092,57093,57095],{},[15,57094,56675],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57097,57098],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57100,43025],{},[30,57102,57103,57106,57109,57116],{},[33,57104,57105],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57107,57108],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57110,57111,355,57113,57115],{},[15,57112,404],{},[15,57114,3190],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57117,57118],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[292,57120,57122],{"id":57121},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[64,57124,57126],{"className":66,"code":57125,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57127,57128,57161,57185],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57129,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57131,3657],{"class":79},[73,57133,84],{"class":83},[73,57135,528],{"class":105},[73,57137,384],{"class":87},[73,57139,3666],{"class":91},[73,57141,384],{"class":87},[73,57143,149],{"class":105},[73,57145,88],{"class":87},[73,57147,57148],{"class":91},"Apple",[73,57150,384],{"class":87},[73,57152,149],{"class":105},[73,57154,88],{"class":87},[73,57156,3666],{"class":91},[73,57158,384],{"class":87},[73,57160,229],{"class":105},[73,57162,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57164,102],{"class":101},[73,57166,106],{"class":105},[73,57168,3701],{"class":114},[73,57170,817],{"class":105},[73,57172,40633],{"class":114},[73,57174,106],{"class":105},[73,57176,384],{"class":87},[73,57178,3666],{"class":91},[73,57180,384],{"class":87},[73,57182,4948],{"class":105},[73,57184,50793],{"class":3249},[73,57186,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57188,102],{"class":101},[73,57190,106],{"class":105},[73,57192,3701],{"class":114},[73,57194,817],{"class":105},[73,57196,40633],{"class":114},[73,57198,106],{"class":105},[73,57200,384],{"class":87},[73,57202,57148],{"class":91},[73,57204,384],{"class":87},[73,57206,4948],{"class":105},[73,57208,27376],{"class":3249},[20,57210,57211,355,57214,57217],{},[15,57212,57213],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57215,57216],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[292,57219,57221,355,57223,57225],{"id":57220},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57222,404],{},[15,57224,3190],{}," can match",[64,57227,57229],{"className":66,"code":57228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57230,57231,57255,57275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57232,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57234,3409],{"class":79},[73,57236,84],{"class":83},[73,57238,528],{"class":105},[73,57240,404],{"class":315},[73,57242,149],{"class":105},[73,57244,3502],{"class":3438},[73,57246,149],{"class":105},[73,57248,409],{"class":315},[73,57250,149],{"class":105},[73,57252,5084],{"class":315},[73,57254,229],{"class":105},[73,57256,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57258,102],{"class":101},[73,57260,106],{"class":105},[73,57262,4945],{"class":114},[73,57264,817],{"class":105},[73,57266,40633],{"class":114},[73,57268,106],{"class":105},[73,57270,404],{"class":315},[73,57272,4948],{"class":105},[73,57274,50296],{"class":3249},[73,57276,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57278,102],{"class":101},[73,57280,106],{"class":105},[73,57282,4945],{"class":114},[73,57284,817],{"class":105},[73,57286,40633],{"class":114},[73,57288,106],{"class":105},[73,57290,3190],{"class":3438},[73,57292,4948],{"class":105},[73,57294,50148],{"class":3249},[20,57296,3998],{},[20,57298,57299],{},"In Python:",[30,57301,57302,57307],{},[33,57303,57304],{},[15,57305,57306],{},"True == 1",[33,57308,57309],{},[15,57310,57311],{},"False == 0",[20,57313,53032,57314,57316],{},[15,57315,56670],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[292,57318,57320],{"id":57319},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[64,57322,57324],{"className":66,"code":57323,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57325,57326,57368],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57327,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57329,7369],{"class":79},[73,57331,84],{"class":83},[73,57333,55673],{"class":105},[73,57335,404],{"class":315},[73,57337,149],{"class":105},[73,57339,409],{"class":315},[73,57341,17661],{"class":105},[73,57343,528],{"class":105},[73,57345,1652],{"class":315},[73,57347,149],{"class":105},[73,57349,2047],{"class":315},[73,57351,17661],{"class":105},[73,57353,528],{"class":105},[73,57355,404],{"class":315},[73,57357,149],{"class":105},[73,57359,409],{"class":315},[73,57361,17661],{"class":105},[73,57363,528],{"class":105},[73,57365,404],{"class":315},[73,57367,52621],{"class":105},[73,57369,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57371,102],{"class":101},[73,57373,106],{"class":105},[73,57375,7400],{"class":114},[73,57377,817],{"class":105},[73,57379,40633],{"class":114},[73,57381,401],{"class":105},[73,57383,404],{"class":315},[73,57385,149],{"class":105},[73,57387,409],{"class":315},[73,57389,4324],{"class":105},[73,57391,50793],{"class":3249},[20,57393,57394],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[59,57396,57398],{"id":57397},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[292,57400,57402],{"id":57401},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[64,57404,57406],{"className":66,"code":57405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57407,57408,57436,57454,57458],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57409,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57411,523],{"class":79},[73,57413,84],{"class":83},[73,57415,528],{"class":105},[73,57417,1920],{"class":315},[73,57419,149],{"class":105},[73,57421,7380],{"class":315},[73,57423,149],{"class":105},[73,57425,5592],{"class":315},[73,57427,149],{"class":105},[73,57429,7385],{"class":315},[73,57431,149],{"class":105},[73,57433,5592],{"class":315},[73,57435,229],{"class":105},[73,57437,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57439,1819],{"class":79},[73,57441,84],{"class":83},[73,57443,3851],{"class":79},[73,57445,817],{"class":105},[73,57447,40633],{"class":114},[73,57449,106],{"class":105},[73,57451,1920],{"class":315},[73,57453,854],{"class":105},[73,57455,57456],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57457,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57459,57460,57462,57464,57466],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57461,102],{"class":101},[73,57463,106],{"class":105},[73,57465,1854],{"class":114},[73,57467,854],{"class":105},[20,57469,1660],{},[64,57471,57472],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,57473,57474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57475,57476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57477,45993],{"class":315},[292,57479,57481],{"id":57480},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[64,57483,57485],{"className":66,"code":57484,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57486,57487,57529,57551,57555],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57488,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57525,57527],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57490,3657],{"class":79},[73,57492,84],{"class":83},[73,57494,528],{"class":105},[73,57496,384],{"class":87},[73,57498,36418],{"class":91},[73,57500,384],{"class":87},[73,57502,149],{"class":105},[73,57504,88],{"class":87},[73,57506,57507],{"class":91},"dog",[73,57509,384],{"class":87},[73,57511,149],{"class":105},[73,57513,88],{"class":87},[73,57515,36418],{"class":91},[73,57517,384],{"class":87},[73,57519,149],{"class":105},[73,57521,88],{"class":87},[73,57523,57524],{"class":91},"bird",[73,57526,384],{"class":87},[73,57528,229],{"class":105},[73,57530,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57532,1819],{"class":79},[73,57534,84],{"class":83},[73,57536,5756],{"class":79},[73,57538,817],{"class":105},[73,57540,40633],{"class":114},[73,57542,106],{"class":105},[73,57544,384],{"class":87},[73,57546,36418],{"class":91},[73,57548,384],{"class":87},[73,57550,854],{"class":105},[73,57552,57553],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57554,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57556,57557,57559,57561,57563],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57558,102],{"class":101},[73,57560,106],{"class":105},[73,57562,1854],{"class":114},[73,57564,854],{"class":105},[20,57566,1660],{},[64,57568,57569],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,57570,57571],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57572,57573],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57574,16655],{"class":315},[292,57576,57578],{"id":57577},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[64,57580,57582],{"className":66,"code":57581,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57583,57584,57608,57626,57630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57585,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57587,523],{"class":79},[73,57589,84],{"class":83},[73,57591,528],{"class":105},[73,57593,404],{"class":315},[73,57595,149],{"class":105},[73,57597,409],{"class":315},[73,57599,149],{"class":105},[73,57601,414],{"class":315},[73,57603,149],{"class":105},[73,57605,2047],{"class":315},[73,57607,229],{"class":105},[73,57609,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57611,1819],{"class":79},[73,57613,84],{"class":83},[73,57615,3851],{"class":79},[73,57617,817],{"class":105},[73,57619,40633],{"class":114},[73,57621,106],{"class":105},[73,57623,1727],{"class":315},[73,57625,854],{"class":105},[73,57627,57628],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57629,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57631,57632,57634,57636,57638],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57633,102],{"class":101},[73,57635,106],{"class":105},[73,57637,1854],{"class":114},[73,57639,854],{"class":105},[20,57641,1660],{},[64,57643,57644],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,57645,57646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57647,57648],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57649,46628],{"class":315},[292,57651,57653],{"id":57652},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[64,57655,57657],{"className":66,"code":57656,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57658,57659,57705,57727,57731],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57660,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57662,8757],{"class":79},[73,57664,84],{"class":83},[73,57666,55673],{"class":105},[73,57668,404],{"class":315},[73,57670,149],{"class":105},[73,57672,409],{"class":315},[73,57674,17661],{"class":105},[73,57676,528],{"class":105},[73,57678,404],{"class":315},[73,57680,149],{"class":105},[73,57682,409],{"class":315},[73,57684,17661],{"class":105},[73,57686,528],{"class":105},[73,57688,1646],{"class":315},[73,57690,149],{"class":105},[73,57692,414],{"class":315},[73,57694,17661],{"class":105},[73,57696,528],{"class":105},[73,57698,404],{"class":315},[73,57700,149],{"class":105},[73,57702,409],{"class":315},[73,57704,52621],{"class":105},[73,57706,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57708,1819],{"class":79},[73,57710,84],{"class":83},[73,57712,14164],{"class":79},[73,57714,817],{"class":105},[73,57716,40633],{"class":114},[73,57718,401],{"class":105},[73,57720,404],{"class":315},[73,57722,149],{"class":105},[73,57724,409],{"class":315},[73,57726,3475],{"class":105},[73,57728,57729],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57730,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57732,57733,57735,57737,57739],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57734,102],{"class":101},[73,57736,106],{"class":105},[73,57738,1854],{"class":114},[73,57740,854],{"class":105},[20,57742,1660],{},[64,57744,57745],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,57746,57747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57748,57749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57750,45993],{"class":315},[59,57752,4551,57754],{"id":57753},"when-to-use-count",[15,57755,56670],{},[20,57757,121,57758,57760],{},[15,57759,56670],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57762,57763],{},"Good use cases:",[30,57765,57766,57769,57772],{},[33,57767,57768],{},"counting one specific item",[33,57770,57771],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,57773,57774],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57776,714],{},[64,57778,57780],{"className":66,"code":57779,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57781,57782,57823,57847,57851],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57783,57784,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57785,57786],{"class":79},"votes ",[73,57788,84],{"class":83},[73,57790,528],{"class":105},[73,57792,384],{"class":87},[73,57794,8248],{"class":91},[73,57796,384],{"class":87},[73,57798,149],{"class":105},[73,57800,88],{"class":87},[73,57802,8189],{"class":91},[73,57804,384],{"class":87},[73,57806,149],{"class":105},[73,57808,88],{"class":87},[73,57810,8248],{"class":91},[73,57812,384],{"class":87},[73,57814,149],{"class":105},[73,57816,88],{"class":87},[73,57818,8248],{"class":91},[73,57820,384],{"class":87},[73,57822,229],{"class":105},[73,57824,57825,57828,57830,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57826,57827],{"class":79},"yes_votes ",[73,57829,84],{"class":83},[73,57831,57832],{"class":79}," votes",[73,57834,817],{"class":105},[73,57836,40633],{"class":114},[73,57838,106],{"class":105},[73,57840,384],{"class":87},[73,57842,8248],{"class":91},[73,57844,384],{"class":87},[73,57846,854],{"class":105},[73,57848,57849],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,57850,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,57852,57853,57855,57857,57860],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,57854,102],{"class":101},[73,57856,106],{"class":105},[73,57858,57859],{"class":114},"yes_votes",[73,57861,854],{"class":105},[20,57863,57864,57866],{},[15,57865,56670],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57868,57869,57870,355,57872,817],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[587,57871,52150],{"href":50357},[587,57873,57875],{"href":57874},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[59,57877,1207],{"id":1206},[20,57879,8038,57880,817],{},[15,57881,56675],{},[292,57883,57885],{"id":57884},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57887,57888,57890],{},[15,57889,56675],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[64,57892,57894],{"className":66,"code":57893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57895,57896,57929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57897,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57899,3657],{"class":79},[73,57901,84],{"class":83},[73,57903,528],{"class":105},[73,57905,384],{"class":87},[73,57907,57908],{"class":91},"apple pie",[73,57910,384],{"class":87},[73,57912,149],{"class":105},[73,57914,88],{"class":87},[73,57916,3675],{"class":91},[73,57918,384],{"class":87},[73,57920,149],{"class":105},[73,57922,88],{"class":87},[73,57924,57908],{"class":91},[73,57926,384],{"class":87},[73,57928,229],{"class":105},[73,57930,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,57932,102],{"class":101},[73,57934,106],{"class":105},[73,57936,3701],{"class":114},[73,57938,817],{"class":105},[73,57940,40633],{"class":114},[73,57942,106],{"class":105},[73,57944,384],{"class":87},[73,57946,3666],{"class":91},[73,57948,384],{"class":87},[73,57950,4948],{"class":105},[73,57952,50625],{"class":3249},[20,57954,2079,57955,1424],{},[15,57956,1710],{},[20,57958,28658,57959,57961,57962,817],{},[15,57960,57213],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57963,57964],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57966,57967,57968,817],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57969,57970],{},"str.count()",[292,57972,8044,57974,8047,57976,2468,57978],{"id":57973},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57975,56670],{},[15,57977,3190],{},[15,57979,3260],{},[20,57981,57982,57984],{},[15,57983,56670],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[64,57986,57988],{"className":66,"code":57987,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57989,57990,58014],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57991,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57993,523],{"class":79},[73,57995,84],{"class":83},[73,57997,528],{"class":105},[73,57999,404],{"class":315},[73,58001,149],{"class":105},[73,58003,409],{"class":315},[73,58005,149],{"class":105},[73,58007,409],{"class":315},[73,58009,149],{"class":105},[73,58011,414],{"class":315},[73,58013,229],{"class":105},[73,58015,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58017,102],{"class":101},[73,58019,106],{"class":105},[73,58021,553],{"class":114},[73,58023,817],{"class":105},[73,58025,40633],{"class":114},[73,58027,106],{"class":105},[73,58029,1646],{"class":315},[73,58031,4948],{"class":105},[73,58033,50793],{"class":3249},[20,58035,58036],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[64,58038,58040],{"className":66,"code":58039,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58041,58042],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58043,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58045,102],{"class":101},[73,58047,106],{"class":105},[73,58049,1646],{"class":315},[73,58051,20773],{"class":646},[73,58053,3851],{"class":114},[73,58055,3246],{"class":105},[73,58057,3250],{"class":3249},[292,58059,58061],{"id":58060},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[64,58063,58065],{"className":66,"code":58064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58066,58067,58100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58068,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58096,58098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58070,4585],{"class":79},[73,58072,84],{"class":83},[73,58074,528],{"class":105},[73,58076,384],{"class":87},[73,58078,327],{"class":91},[73,58080,384],{"class":87},[73,58082,149],{"class":105},[73,58084,88],{"class":87},[73,58086,19817],{"class":91},[73,58088,384],{"class":87},[73,58090,149],{"class":105},[73,58092,88],{"class":87},[73,58094,58095],{"class":91},"SAM",[73,58097,384],{"class":87},[73,58099,229],{"class":105},[73,58101,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58103,102],{"class":101},[73,58105,106],{"class":105},[73,58107,4629],{"class":114},[73,58109,817],{"class":105},[73,58111,40633],{"class":114},[73,58113,106],{"class":105},[73,58115,384],{"class":87},[73,58117,19817],{"class":91},[73,58119,384],{"class":87},[73,58121,4948],{"class":105},[73,58123,27376],{"class":3249},[20,58125,58126,58127,58130],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58128,58129],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[292,58132,29247,58134,33146],{"id":58133},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58135,56670],{},[20,58137,58138],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[64,58140,58142],{"className":66,"code":58141,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58143,58144,58154,58168,58186,58200,58212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58145,58146,58148,58150,58152],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58147,102],{"class":101},[73,58149,106],{"class":105},[73,58151,7930],{"class":114},[73,58153,854],{"class":105},[73,58155,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58157,102],{"class":101},[73,58159,106],{"class":105},[73,58161,1271],{"class":1270},[73,58163,106],{"class":105},[73,58165,7930],{"class":114},[73,58167,118],{"class":105},[73,58169,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58171,102],{"class":101},[73,58173,106],{"class":105},[73,58175,7930],{"class":114},[73,58177,817],{"class":105},[73,58179,40633],{"class":114},[73,58181,106],{"class":105},[73,58183,2063],{"class":114},[73,58185,118],{"class":105},[73,58187,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,58189,102],{"class":101},[73,58191,106],{"class":105},[73,58193,2037],{"class":114},[73,58195,3469],{"class":646},[73,58197,7987],{"class":114},[73,58199,854],{"class":105},[73,58201,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,58203,5545],{"class":646},[73,58205,5548],{"class":79},[73,58207,3469],{"class":646},[73,58209,7987],{"class":79},[73,58211,5982],{"class":105},[73,58213,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,58215,7659],{"class":101},[73,58217,106],{"class":105},[73,58219,41153],{"class":101},[73,58221,106],{"class":105},[73,58223,22910],{"class":114},[73,58225,118],{"class":105},[20,58227,58228],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58230,58231,58234,58237],{},[33,58232,58233],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58235,58236],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58238,58239],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58241,58242],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58244,58245,58250,58253,58260],{},[33,58246,49869,58247,58249],{},[15,58248,56670],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58251,58252],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58254,10700,58255,58257,58258],{},[15,58256,56675],{}," with string ",[15,58259,56670],{},[33,58261,58262],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[59,58264,1405],{"id":1404},[292,58266,12300,58268,58270],{"id":58267},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58269,56675],{}," change the list?",[20,58272,58273],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[292,58275,58277],{"id":58276},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58279,11506,58280,817],{},[15,58281,1710],{},[292,58283,1446,58285,58287],{"id":58284},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58286,56675],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58289,58290],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[292,58292,14501,58294,58296],{"id":58293},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58295,56675],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58298,41526,58299,355,58301,58303],{},[15,58300,57216],{},[15,58302,57213],{}," are different values.",[292,58305,4747,58307,58309,58310,1424],{"id":58306},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58308,3190],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58311,404],{},[20,58313,8376,58314,58316,58317,355,58319,58316,58321,817],{},[15,58315,3190],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58318,404],{},[15,58320,3260],{},[15,58322,1710],{},[59,58324,1461],{"id":1460},[30,58326,58327,58331,58337,58341,58349,58356],{},[33,58328,58329],{},[587,58330,52150],{"href":50357},[33,58332,58333],{},[587,58334,58336],{"href":58335},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58338,58339],{},[587,58340,6526],{"href":5785},[33,58342,58343],{},[587,58344,54899,58346,10333],{"href":58345},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58347,58348],{},"index()",[33,58350,58351],{},[587,58352,13,58354],{"href":58353},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58355,41735],{},[33,58357,58358],{},[587,58359,58360],{"href":57874},"What is a list in Python",[1500,58362,58363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":58365},[58366,58367,58369,58370,58371,58377,58383,58385,58393,58404],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":56767,"depth":98,"text":58368},"What list.count() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":37391,"depth":98,"text":37392},{"id":57089,"depth":98,"text":57090,"children":58372},[58373,58374,58376],{"id":57121,"depth":332,"text":57122},{"id":57220,"depth":332,"text":58375},"1 and True can match",{"id":57319,"depth":332,"text":57320},{"id":57397,"depth":98,"text":57398,"children":58378},[58379,58380,58381,58382],{"id":57401,"depth":332,"text":57402},{"id":57480,"depth":332,"text":57481},{"id":57577,"depth":332,"text":57578},{"id":57652,"depth":332,"text":57653},{"id":57753,"depth":98,"text":58384},"When to use count()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":58386},[58387,58388,58390,58391],{"id":57884,"depth":332,"text":57885},{"id":57973,"depth":332,"text":58389},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58060,"depth":332,"text":58061},{"id":58133,"depth":332,"text":58392},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":58394},[58395,58397,58398,58400,58402],{"id":58267,"depth":332,"text":58396},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58276,"depth":332,"text":58277},{"id":58284,"depth":332,"text":58399},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58293,"depth":332,"text":58401},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58306,"depth":332,"text":58403},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56662,"description":58405},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58412,"title":58413,"body":58414,"description":60377,"extension":1552,"meta":60378,"navigation":335,"path":60379,"seo":60380,"stem":60381,"__hash__":60382},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58415,"toc":60340},[58416,58419,58422,58424,58552,58556,58637,58648,58650,58669,58673,58676,58679,58697,58699,58742,58746,58771,58780,58784,58789,58792,58909,58913,58982,58986,58998,59002,59005,59046,59050,59063,59066,59151,59155,59188,59195,59201,59206,59208,59220,59224,59257,59261,59293,59297,59334,59338,59358,59362,59396,59400,59429,59440,59444,59447,59450,59463,59520,59524,59563,59569,59572,59574,59577,59581,59584,59609,59611,59636,59643,59646,59691,59695,59714,59717,59756,59763,59768,59802,59806,59907,59914,59947,59951,59977,59981,59984,60022,60025,60062,60066,60069,60088,60092,60153,60155,60173,60177,60180,60183,60212,60214,60218,60221,60229,60233,60236,60256,60262,60268,60272,60275,60282,60290,60292,60331,60337],[10,58417,58413],{"id":58418},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58420,58421],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[59,58423,3195],{"id":3194},[64,58425,58427],{"className":66,"code":58426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58428,58429,58449,58481,58489,58507,58511,58521,58531,58542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58430,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58432,523],{"class":79},[73,58434,84],{"class":83},[73,58436,528],{"class":105},[73,58438,404],{"class":315},[73,58440,149],{"class":105},[73,58442,409],{"class":315},[73,58444,149],{"class":105},[73,58446,414],{"class":315},[73,58448,229],{"class":105},[73,58450,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58452,4585],{"class":79},[73,58454,84],{"class":83},[73,58456,528],{"class":105},[73,58458,384],{"class":87},[73,58460,12477],{"class":91},[73,58462,384],{"class":87},[73,58464,149],{"class":105},[73,58466,88],{"class":87},[73,58468,35310],{"class":91},[73,58470,384],{"class":87},[73,58472,149],{"class":105},[73,58474,88],{"class":87},[73,58476,35319],{"class":91},[73,58478,384],{"class":87},[73,58480,229],{"class":105},[73,58482,58483,58485,58487],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58484,55310],{"class":79},[73,58486,84],{"class":83},[73,58488,7429],{"class":105},[73,58490,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,58492,35460],{"class":79},[73,58494,84],{"class":83},[73,58496,22159],{"class":1270},[73,58498,106],{"class":105},[73,58500,384],{"class":87},[73,58502,40934],{"class":91},[73,58504,384],{"class":87},[73,58506,854],{"class":105},[73,58508,58509],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,58510,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,58512,58513,58515,58517,58519],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,58514,102],{"class":101},[73,58516,106],{"class":105},[73,58518,553],{"class":114},[73,58520,854],{"class":105},[73,58522,58523,58525,58527,58529],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,58524,102],{"class":101},[73,58526,106],{"class":105},[73,58528,4629],{"class":114},[73,58530,854],{"class":105},[73,58532,58533,58535,58537,58540],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,58534,102],{"class":101},[73,58536,106],{"class":105},[73,58538,58539],{"class":114},"empty_list",[73,58541,854],{"class":105},[73,58543,58544,58546,58548,58550],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,58545,102],{"class":101},[73,58547,106],{"class":105},[73,58549,35513],{"class":114},[73,58551,854],{"class":105},[20,58553,58554],{},[55,58555,1660],{},[64,58557,58559],{"className":66,"code":58558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58560,58561,58577,58605,58609],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58562,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58564,138],{"class":105},[73,58566,404],{"class":315},[73,58568,149],{"class":105},[73,58570,409],{"class":315},[73,58572,149],{"class":105},[73,58574,414],{"class":315},[73,58576,229],{"class":105},[73,58578,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58580,138],{"class":105},[73,58582,141],{"class":87},[73,58584,12477],{"class":91},[73,58586,141],{"class":87},[73,58588,149],{"class":105},[73,58590,152],{"class":87},[73,58592,35310],{"class":91},[73,58594,141],{"class":87},[73,58596,149],{"class":105},[73,58598,152],{"class":87},[73,58600,35319],{"class":91},[73,58602,141],{"class":87},[73,58604,229],{"class":105},[73,58606,58607],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58608,37669],{"class":105},[73,58610,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,58612,138],{"class":105},[73,58614,141],{"class":87},[73,58616,587],{"class":91},[73,58618,141],{"class":87},[73,58620,149],{"class":105},[73,58622,152],{"class":87},[73,58624,4350],{"class":91},[73,58626,141],{"class":87},[73,58628,149],{"class":105},[73,58630,152],{"class":87},[73,58632,9332],{"class":91},[73,58634,141],{"class":87},[73,58636,229],{"class":105},[20,58638,58639,58640,58642,58643,58645,58646,817],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58641,3373],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58644,24380],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58647,35568],{},[59,58649,14761],{"id":14760},[30,58651,58652,58655,58658,58661,58666],{},[33,58653,58654],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,58656,58657],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,58659,58660],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,58662,58663,58664,1892],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58665,24380],{},[33,58667,58668],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[59,58670,58672],{"id":58671},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58674,58675],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58677,58678],{},"This means:",[30,58680,58681,58684,58687,58690],{},[33,58682,58683],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,58685,58686],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,58688,58689],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,58691,58692,58693,58696],{},"A list is ",[55,58694,58695],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58698,714],{},[64,58700,58702],{"className":66,"code":58701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58703,58704,58728,58732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58705,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58707,7369],{"class":79},[73,58709,84],{"class":83},[73,58711,528],{"class":105},[73,58713,384],{"class":87},[73,58715,3666],{"class":91},[73,58717,384],{"class":87},[73,58719,149],{"class":105},[73,58721,5592],{"class":315},[73,58723,149],{"class":105},[73,58725,3502],{"class":3438},[73,58727,229],{"class":105},[73,58729,58730],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58731,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,58733,58734,58736,58738,58740],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58735,102],{"class":101},[73,58737,106],{"class":105},[73,58739,7400],{"class":114},[73,58741,854],{"class":105},[20,58743,58744],{},[55,58745,1660],{},[64,58747,58749],{"className":66,"code":58748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58750,58751],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58752,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58754,138],{"class":105},[73,58756,141],{"class":87},[73,58758,3666],{"class":91},[73,58760,141],{"class":87},[73,58762,149],{"class":105},[73,58764,5592],{"class":315},[73,58766,149],{"class":105},[73,58768,3502],{"class":3438},[73,58770,229],{"class":105},[20,58772,58773,58774,2468,58777,817],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[587,58775,58776],{"href":50357},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[587,58778,58779],{"href":57874},"What is a List in Python?",[59,58781,58783],{"id":58782},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58785,58639,58786,58788],{},[15,58787,3373],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58790,58791],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[64,58793,58795],{"className":66,"code":58794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58796,58797,58817,58849,58874,58878,58888,58898],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58798,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58800,523],{"class":79},[73,58802,84],{"class":83},[73,58804,528],{"class":105},[73,58806,404],{"class":315},[73,58808,149],{"class":105},[73,58810,409],{"class":315},[73,58812,149],{"class":105},[73,58814,414],{"class":315},[73,58816,229],{"class":105},[73,58818,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58820,4585],{"class":79},[73,58822,84],{"class":83},[73,58824,528],{"class":105},[73,58826,384],{"class":87},[73,58828,12477],{"class":91},[73,58830,384],{"class":87},[73,58832,149],{"class":105},[73,58834,88],{"class":87},[73,58836,35310],{"class":91},[73,58838,384],{"class":87},[73,58840,149],{"class":105},[73,58842,88],{"class":87},[73,58844,35319],{"class":91},[73,58846,384],{"class":87},[73,58848,229],{"class":105},[73,58850,58851,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58852,58853],{"class":79},"mixed ",[73,58855,84],{"class":83},[73,58857,528],{"class":105},[73,58859,1920],{"class":315},[73,58861,149],{"class":105},[73,58863,88],{"class":87},[73,58865,92],{"class":91},[73,58867,384],{"class":87},[73,58869,149],{"class":105},[73,58871,3493],{"class":3438},[73,58873,229],{"class":105},[73,58875,58876],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,58877,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,58879,58880,58882,58884,58886],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,58881,102],{"class":101},[73,58883,106],{"class":105},[73,58885,553],{"class":114},[73,58887,854],{"class":105},[73,58889,58890,58892,58894,58896],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,58891,102],{"class":101},[73,58893,106],{"class":105},[73,58895,4629],{"class":114},[73,58897,854],{"class":105},[73,58899,58900,58902,58904,58907],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,58901,102],{"class":101},[73,58903,106],{"class":105},[73,58905,58906],{"class":114},"mixed",[73,58908,854],{"class":105},[20,58910,58911],{},[55,58912,1660],{},[64,58914,58916],{"className":66,"code":58915,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58917,58918,58934,58962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58919,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58921,138],{"class":105},[73,58923,404],{"class":315},[73,58925,149],{"class":105},[73,58927,409],{"class":315},[73,58929,149],{"class":105},[73,58931,414],{"class":315},[73,58933,229],{"class":105},[73,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,58937,138],{"class":105},[73,58939,141],{"class":87},[73,58941,12477],{"class":91},[73,58943,141],{"class":87},[73,58945,149],{"class":105},[73,58947,152],{"class":87},[73,58949,35310],{"class":91},[73,58951,141],{"class":87},[73,58953,149],{"class":105},[73,58955,152],{"class":87},[73,58957,35319],{"class":91},[73,58959,141],{"class":87},[73,58961,229],{"class":105},[73,58963,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,58965,138],{"class":105},[73,58967,1920],{"class":315},[73,58969,149],{"class":105},[73,58971,152],{"class":87},[73,58973,92],{"class":91},[73,58975,141],{"class":87},[73,58977,149],{"class":105},[73,58979,3493],{"class":3438},[73,58981,229],{"class":105},[292,58983,58985],{"id":58984},"key-points","Key points",[30,58987,58988,58993,58995],{},[33,58989,121,58990,58992],{},[15,58991,3373],{}," to make a new list",[33,58994,15031],{},[33,58996,58997],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[59,58999,59001],{"id":59000},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59003,59004],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[64,59006,59008],{"className":66,"code":59007,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59009,59010,59018,59022,59032],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59011,59012,59014,59016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59013,7899],{"class":79},[73,59015,84],{"class":83},[73,59017,7429],{"class":105},[73,59019,59020],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59021,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,59023,59024,59026,59028,59030],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,59025,102],{"class":101},[73,59027,106],{"class":105},[73,59029,7930],{"class":114},[73,59031,854],{"class":105},[73,59033,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,59035,102],{"class":101},[73,59037,106],{"class":105},[73,59039,10755],{"class":101},[73,59041,106],{"class":105},[73,59043,7930],{"class":114},[73,59045,118],{"class":105},[20,59047,59048],{},[55,59049,1660],{},[64,59051,59053],{"className":66,"code":59052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[]\n0\n",[15,59054,59055,59059],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59056,59057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59058,37669],{"class":105},[73,59060,59061],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59062,46628],{"class":315},[20,59064,59065],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[64,59067,59069],{"className":66,"code":59068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59070,59071,59079,59083,59101,59119,59137,59141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59072,59073,59075,59077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59074,4585],{"class":79},[73,59076,84],{"class":83},[73,59078,7429],{"class":105},[73,59080,59081],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59082,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,59084,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,59086,4629],{"class":79},[73,59088,817],{"class":105},[73,59090,564],{"class":114},[73,59092,106],{"class":105},[73,59094,384],{"class":87},[73,59096,12477],{"class":91},[73,59098,384],{"class":87},[73,59100,854],{"class":105},[73,59102,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,59104,4629],{"class":79},[73,59106,817],{"class":105},[73,59108,564],{"class":114},[73,59110,106],{"class":105},[73,59112,384],{"class":87},[73,59114,35310],{"class":91},[73,59116,384],{"class":87},[73,59118,854],{"class":105},[73,59120,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,59122,4629],{"class":79},[73,59124,817],{"class":105},[73,59126,564],{"class":114},[73,59128,106],{"class":105},[73,59130,384],{"class":87},[73,59132,35319],{"class":91},[73,59134,384],{"class":87},[73,59136,854],{"class":105},[73,59138,59139],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,59140,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,59142,59143,59145,59147,59149],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,59144,102],{"class":101},[73,59146,106],{"class":105},[73,59148,4629],{"class":114},[73,59150,854],{"class":105},[20,59152,59153],{},[55,59154,1660],{},[64,59156,59158],{"className":66,"code":59157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59159,59160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59161,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59163,138],{"class":105},[73,59165,141],{"class":87},[73,59167,12477],{"class":91},[73,59169,141],{"class":87},[73,59171,149],{"class":105},[73,59173,152],{"class":87},[73,59175,35310],{"class":91},[73,59177,141],{"class":87},[73,59179,149],{"class":105},[73,59181,152],{"class":87},[73,59183,35319],{"class":91},[73,59185,141],{"class":87},[73,59187,229],{"class":105},[20,59189,59190,59191,817],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[587,59192,59193,10333],{"href":56148},[15,59194,52031],{},[59,59196,59198,59199],{"id":59197},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59200,24380],{},[20,59202,121,59203,59205],{},[15,59204,24380],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59207,5044],{},[30,59209,59210,59212,59214,59216],{},[33,59211,425],{},[33,59213,4890],{},[33,59215,4893],{},[33,59217,59218],{},[15,59219,35568],{},[292,59221,59223],{"id":59222},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[64,59225,59227],{"className":66,"code":59226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59228,59229,59247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59230,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59232,35460],{"class":79},[73,59234,84],{"class":83},[73,59236,22159],{"class":1270},[73,59238,106],{"class":105},[73,59240,384],{"class":87},[73,59242,40934],{"class":91},[73,59244,384],{"class":87},[73,59246,854],{"class":105},[73,59248,59249,59251,59253,59255],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59250,102],{"class":101},[73,59252,106],{"class":105},[73,59254,35513],{"class":114},[73,59256,854],{"class":105},[20,59258,59259],{},[55,59260,1660],{},[64,59262,59263],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,59264,59265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59266,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59268,138],{"class":105},[73,59270,141],{"class":87},[73,59272,587],{"class":91},[73,59274,141],{"class":87},[73,59276,149],{"class":105},[73,59278,152],{"class":87},[73,59280,4350],{"class":91},[73,59282,141],{"class":87},[73,59284,149],{"class":105},[73,59286,152],{"class":87},[73,59288,9332],{"class":91},[73,59290,141],{"class":87},[73,59292,229],{"class":105},[292,59294,59296],{"id":59295},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[64,59298,59300],{"className":66,"code":59299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59301,59302,59324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59303,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59305,523],{"class":79},[73,59307,84],{"class":83},[73,59309,22159],{"class":1270},[73,59311,5097],{"class":105},[73,59313,404],{"class":315},[73,59315,149],{"class":105},[73,59317,409],{"class":315},[73,59319,149],{"class":105},[73,59321,414],{"class":315},[73,59323,118],{"class":105},[73,59325,59326,59328,59330,59332],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59327,102],{"class":101},[73,59329,106],{"class":105},[73,59331,553],{"class":114},[73,59333,854],{"class":105},[20,59335,59336],{},[55,59337,1660],{},[64,59339,59340],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,59341,59342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59343,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59345,138],{"class":105},[73,59347,404],{"class":315},[73,59349,149],{"class":105},[73,59351,409],{"class":315},[73,59353,149],{"class":105},[73,59355,414],{"class":315},[73,59357,229],{"class":105},[292,59359,59361],{"id":59360},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[64,59363,59365],{"className":66,"code":59364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59366,59367,59386],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59368,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59380,59382,59384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59370,3409],{"class":79},[73,59372,84],{"class":83},[73,59374,22159],{"class":1270},[73,59376,106],{"class":105},[73,59378,59379],{"class":101},"range",[73,59381,106],{"class":105},[73,59383,1727],{"class":315},[73,59385,118],{"class":105},[73,59387,59388,59390,59392,59394],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59389,102],{"class":101},[73,59391,106],{"class":105},[73,59393,4945],{"class":114},[73,59395,854],{"class":105},[20,59397,59398],{},[55,59399,1660],{},[64,59401,59403],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59404,59405],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59406,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59408,138],{"class":105},[73,59410,1710],{"class":315},[73,59412,149],{"class":105},[73,59414,5084],{"class":315},[73,59416,149],{"class":105},[73,59418,409],{"class":315},[73,59420,149],{"class":105},[73,59422,414],{"class":315},[73,59424,149],{"class":105},[73,59426,2047],{"class":315},[73,59428,229],{"class":105},[20,59430,59431,59433,59434,817],{},[15,59432,24380],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[587,59435,59437,59439],{"href":59436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59438,24380],{},": Function Explained",[59,59441,59443],{"id":59442},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59445,59446],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59448,59449],{},"Examples include:",[30,59451,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460],{},[33,59453,425],{},[33,59455,39797],{},[33,59457,51424],{},[33,59459,39967],{},[33,59461,59462],{},"other lists",[64,59464,59466],{"className":66,"code":59465,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59467,59468,59506,59510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59469,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59471,8757],{"class":79},[73,59473,84],{"class":83},[73,59475,528],{"class":105},[73,59477,384],{"class":87},[73,59479,12477],{"class":91},[73,59481,384],{"class":87},[73,59483,149],{"class":105},[73,59485,8898],{"class":315},[73,59487,149],{"class":105},[73,59489,3502],{"class":3438},[73,59491,149],{"class":105},[73,59493,528],{"class":105},[73,59495,404],{"class":315},[73,59497,149],{"class":105},[73,59499,409],{"class":315},[73,59501,149],{"class":105},[73,59503,414],{"class":315},[73,59505,52621],{"class":105},[73,59507,59508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59509,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,59511,59512,59514,59516,59518],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,59513,102],{"class":101},[73,59515,106],{"class":105},[73,59517,8796],{"class":114},[73,59519,854],{"class":105},[20,59521,59522],{},[55,59523,1660],{},[64,59525,59527],{"className":66,"code":59526,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59528,59529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59532,138],{"class":105},[73,59534,141],{"class":87},[73,59536,12477],{"class":91},[73,59538,141],{"class":87},[73,59540,149],{"class":105},[73,59542,8898],{"class":315},[73,59544,149],{"class":105},[73,59546,3502],{"class":3438},[73,59548,149],{"class":105},[73,59550,528],{"class":105},[73,59552,404],{"class":315},[73,59554,149],{"class":105},[73,59556,409],{"class":315},[73,59558,149],{"class":105},[73,59560,414],{"class":315},[73,59562,52621],{"class":105},[20,59564,59565,59566,817],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[55,59567,59568],{},"nested list",[20,59570,59571],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[59,59573,4107],{"id":4106},[20,59575,59576],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[292,59578,59580],{"id":59579},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59582,59583],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[64,59585,59587],{"className":66,"code":59586,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59588,59589,59593],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59590,59591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59592,4124],{"class":3249},[73,59594,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59596,523],{"class":79},[73,59598,84],{"class":83},[73,59600,528],{"class":105},[73,59602,404],{"class":315},[73,59604,409],{"class":315},[73,59606,414],{"class":315},[73,59608,229],{"class":105},[20,59610,10400],{},[64,59612,59614],{"className":66,"code":59613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59615,59616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59617,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59619,523],{"class":79},[73,59621,84],{"class":83},[73,59623,528],{"class":105},[73,59625,404],{"class":315},[73,59627,149],{"class":105},[73,59629,409],{"class":315},[73,59631,149],{"class":105},[73,59633,414],{"class":315},[73,59635,229],{"class":105},[292,59637,438,59639,10685,59641],{"id":59638},"using-instead-of",[15,59640,6956],{},[15,59642,3373],{},[20,59644,59645],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[64,59647,59649],{"className":66,"code":59648,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59650,59651,59672,59676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59652,59653,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59654,59655],{"class":79},"my_values ",[73,59657,84],{"class":83},[73,59659,8828],{"class":105},[73,59661,404],{"class":315},[73,59663,149],{"class":105},[73,59665,409],{"class":315},[73,59667,149],{"class":105},[73,59669,414],{"class":315},[73,59671,854],{"class":105},[73,59673,59674],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59675,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,59677,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59689],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,59679,102],{"class":101},[73,59681,106],{"class":105},[73,59683,1271],{"class":1270},[73,59685,106],{"class":105},[73,59687,59688],{"class":114},"my_values",[73,59690,118],{"class":105},[20,59692,59693],{},[55,59694,1660],{},[64,59696,59698],{"className":66,"code":59697,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59699,59700],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59701,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59703,2879],{"class":83},[73,59705,2882],{"class":633},[73,59707,152],{"class":87},[73,59709,48330],{"class":91},[73,59711,141],{"class":87},[73,59713,2891],{"class":83},[20,59715,59716],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[64,59718,59720],{"className":66,"code":59719,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59721,59722,59742],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59723,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59725,59655],{"class":79},[73,59727,84],{"class":83},[73,59729,528],{"class":105},[73,59731,404],{"class":315},[73,59733,149],{"class":105},[73,59735,409],{"class":315},[73,59737,149],{"class":105},[73,59739,414],{"class":315},[73,59741,229],{"class":105},[73,59743,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59745,102],{"class":101},[73,59747,106],{"class":105},[73,59749,1271],{"class":1270},[73,59751,106],{"class":105},[73,59753,59688],{"class":114},[73,59755,118],{"class":105},[292,59757,8044,59759,59762],{"id":59758},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59760,59761],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59764,59765,59767],{},[15,59766,24380],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[64,59769,59771],{"className":66,"code":59770,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59772,59773,59792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59774,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59788,59790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59776,1819],{"class":79},[73,59778,84],{"class":83},[73,59780,22159],{"class":1270},[73,59782,106],{"class":105},[73,59784,384],{"class":87},[73,59786,59787],{"class":91},"hello world",[73,59789,384],{"class":87},[73,59791,854],{"class":105},[73,59793,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59795,102],{"class":101},[73,59797,106],{"class":105},[73,59799,1854],{"class":114},[73,59801,854],{"class":105},[20,59803,59804],{},[55,59805,1660],{},[64,59807,59809],{"className":66,"code":59808,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59810,59811],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59812,59813,59815,59817,59820,59822,59824,59826,59829,59831,59833,59835,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59814,138],{"class":105},[73,59816,141],{"class":87},[73,59818,59819],{"class":91},"h",[73,59821,141],{"class":87},[73,59823,149],{"class":105},[73,59825,152],{"class":87},[73,59827,59828],{"class":91},"e",[73,59830,141],{"class":87},[73,59832,149],{"class":105},[73,59834,152],{"class":87},[73,59836,59837],{"class":91},"l",[73,59839,141],{"class":87},[73,59841,149],{"class":105},[73,59843,152],{"class":87},[73,59845,59837],{"class":91},[73,59847,141],{"class":87},[73,59849,149],{"class":105},[73,59851,152],{"class":87},[73,59853,59854],{"class":91},"o",[73,59856,141],{"class":87},[73,59858,149],{"class":105},[73,59860,152],{"class":87},[73,59862,152],{"class":87},[73,59864,149],{"class":105},[73,59866,152],{"class":87},[73,59868,59869],{"class":91},"w",[73,59871,141],{"class":87},[73,59873,149],{"class":105},[73,59875,152],{"class":87},[73,59877,59854],{"class":91},[73,59879,141],{"class":87},[73,59881,149],{"class":105},[73,59883,152],{"class":87},[73,59885,59886],{"class":91},"r",[73,59888,141],{"class":87},[73,59890,149],{"class":105},[73,59892,152],{"class":87},[73,59894,59837],{"class":91},[73,59896,141],{"class":87},[73,59898,149],{"class":105},[73,59900,152],{"class":87},[73,59902,18366],{"class":91},[73,59904,141],{"class":87},[73,59906,229],{"class":105},[20,59908,59909,59910,59913],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59911,59912],{},"split()"," instead:",[64,59915,59917],{"className":66,"code":59916,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59918,59919,59937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59920,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59922,3657],{"class":79},[73,59924,84],{"class":83},[73,59926,88],{"class":87},[73,59928,59787],{"class":91},[73,59930,384],{"class":87},[73,59932,817],{"class":105},[73,59934,215],{"class":114},[73,59936,8233],{"class":105},[73,59938,59939,59941,59943,59945],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59940,102],{"class":101},[73,59942,106],{"class":105},[73,59944,3701],{"class":114},[73,59946,854],{"class":105},[20,59948,59949],{},[55,59950,1660],{},[64,59952,59954],{"className":66,"code":59953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59955,59956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59957,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59973,59975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59959,138],{"class":105},[73,59961,141],{"class":87},[73,59963,92],{"class":91},[73,59965,141],{"class":87},[73,59967,149],{"class":105},[73,59969,152],{"class":87},[73,59971,59972],{"class":91},"world",[73,59974,141],{"class":87},[73,59976,229],{"class":105},[292,59978,59980],{"id":59979},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59982,59983],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[64,59985,59987],{"className":66,"code":59986,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59988,59989,59993],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59990,59991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59992,4124],{"class":3249},[73,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60014,60016,60018,60020],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,59996,4585],{"class":79},[73,59998,84],{"class":83},[73,60000,528],{"class":105},[73,60002,384],{"class":87},[73,60004,12477],{"class":91},[73,60006,384],{"class":87},[73,60008,149],{"class":105},[73,60010,88],{"class":87},[73,60012,60013],{"class":91},"Ben', ",[73,60015,384],{"class":87},[73,60017,35319],{"class":79},[73,60019,384],{"class":87},[73,60021,229],{"class":91},[20,60023,60024],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[64,60026,60028],{"className":66,"code":60027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60029,60030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60033,4585],{"class":79},[73,60035,84],{"class":83},[73,60037,528],{"class":105},[73,60039,384],{"class":87},[73,60041,12477],{"class":91},[73,60043,384],{"class":87},[73,60045,149],{"class":105},[73,60047,88],{"class":87},[73,60049,35310],{"class":91},[73,60051,384],{"class":87},[73,60053,149],{"class":105},[73,60055,88],{"class":87},[73,60057,35319],{"class":91},[73,60059,384],{"class":87},[73,60061,229],{"class":105},[292,60063,60065],{"id":60064},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60067,60068],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60070,60071,60074,60077,60082],{},[33,60072,60073],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60075,60076],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60078,60079,60080],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60081,24380],{},[33,60083,8044,60084,60087],{},[15,60085,60086],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[292,60089,60091],{"id":60090},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[64,60093,60095],{"className":66,"code":60094,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60096,60097,60107,60121,60135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60098,60099,60101,60103,60105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60100,102],{"class":101},[73,60102,106],{"class":105},[73,60104,7930],{"class":114},[73,60106,854],{"class":105},[73,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60110,102],{"class":101},[73,60112,106],{"class":105},[73,60114,1271],{"class":1270},[73,60116,106],{"class":105},[73,60118,7930],{"class":114},[73,60120,118],{"class":105},[73,60122,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60124,102],{"class":101},[73,60126,106],{"class":105},[73,60128,10755],{"class":101},[73,60130,106],{"class":105},[73,60132,7930],{"class":114},[73,60134,118],{"class":105},[73,60136,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60138,102],{"class":101},[73,60140,106],{"class":105},[73,60142,7684],{"class":1270},[73,60144,106],{"class":105},[73,60146,59379],{"class":101},[73,60148,106],{"class":105},[73,60150,1727],{"class":315},[73,60152,2503],{"class":105},[20,60154,25605],{},[30,60156,60157,60160,60163,60166],{},[33,60158,60159],{},"what the list contains",[33,60161,60162],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60164,60165],{},"how many items it has",[33,60167,25616,60168,60170,60171],{},[15,60169,24380],{}," does with ",[15,60172,35568],{},[59,60174,60176],{"id":60175},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60178,60179],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60181,60182],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60184,60185,60200,60205],{},[33,60186,121,60187,995,60191,1002,60195,60199],{},[587,60188,60189],{"href":56148},[15,60190,52031],{},[587,60192,60193],{"href":52723},[15,60194,52825],{},[587,60196,60197],{"href":53287},[15,60198,53647],{}," to add items later",[33,60201,121,60202,60204],{},[587,60203,58776],{"href":50357}," for a broader introduction",[33,60206,121,60207,60211],{},[587,60208,60209,59439],{"href":59436},[15,60210,24380],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[59,60213,1405],{"id":1404},[292,60215,60217],{"id":60216},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60219,60220],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[64,60222,60223],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,60224,60225],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60226,60227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60228,37669],{"class":105},[292,60230,60232],{"id":60231},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60234,60235],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[64,60237,60238],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,60239,60240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60241,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60243,138],{"class":105},[73,60245,404],{"class":315},[73,60247,149],{"class":105},[73,60249,409],{"class":315},[73,60251,149],{"class":105},[73,60253,414],{"class":315},[73,60255,229],{"class":105},[292,60257,1409,60259,60261],{"id":60258},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60260,24380],{}," do in Python?",[20,60263,60264,60265,60267],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60266,35568],{},", into a list.",[292,60269,60271],{"id":60270},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60273,60274],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[292,60276,1419,60278,355,60280,1424],{"id":60277},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60279,3373],{},[15,60281,6956],{},[20,60283,60284,60286,60287,60289],{},[15,60285,3373],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60288,6956],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[59,60291,1461],{"id":1460},[30,60293,60294,60298,60304,60310,60316,60322,60326],{},[33,60295,60296],{},[587,60297,58776],{"href":50357},[33,60299,60300],{},[587,60301,54899,60302,10916],{"href":56148},[15,60303,52031],{},[33,60305,60306],{},[587,60307,54899,60308,10916],{"href":52723},[15,60309,52825],{},[33,60311,60312],{},[587,60313,54899,60314,10916],{"href":53287},[15,60315,53647],{},[33,60317,60318],{},[587,60319,13,60320,18],{"href":59436},[15,60321,24380],{},[33,60323,60324],{},[587,60325,58779],{"href":57874},[33,60327,60328],{},[587,60329,60330],{"href":11660},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60332,60333,60334,60336],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60335,52031],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1500,60338,60339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":60341},[60342,60343,60344,60345,60348,60349,60355,60356,60366,60367,60376],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":58671,"depth":98,"text":58672},{"id":58782,"depth":98,"text":58783,"children":60346},[60347],{"id":58984,"depth":332,"text":58985},{"id":59000,"depth":98,"text":59001},{"id":59197,"depth":98,"text":60350,"children":60351},"Create a list with list()",[60352,60353,60354],{"id":59222,"depth":332,"text":59223},{"id":59295,"depth":332,"text":59296},{"id":59360,"depth":332,"text":59361},{"id":59442,"depth":98,"text":59443},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":60357},[60358,60359,60361,60363,60364,60365],{"id":59579,"depth":332,"text":59580},{"id":59638,"depth":332,"text":60360},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59758,"depth":332,"text":60362},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59979,"depth":332,"text":59980},{"id":60064,"depth":332,"text":60065},{"id":60090,"depth":332,"text":60091},{"id":60175,"depth":98,"text":60176},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":60368},[60369,60370,60371,60373,60374],{"id":60216,"depth":332,"text":60217},{"id":60231,"depth":332,"text":60232},{"id":60258,"depth":332,"text":60372},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60270,"depth":332,"text":60271},{"id":60277,"depth":332,"text":60375},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58413,"description":60377},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60384,"title":60385,"body":60386,"description":62127,"extension":1552,"meta":62128,"navigation":335,"path":62129,"seo":62130,"stem":62131,"__hash__":62132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60387,"toc":62082},[60388,60393,60398,60401,60403,60474,60479,60484,60488,60502,60507,60509,60529,60534,60537,60560,60564,60569,60661,60663,60685,60691,60697,60704,60711,60717,60774,60780,60838,60840,60852,60860,60866,60871,60875,60932,60935,60939,60998,61001,61005,61063,61075,61079,61132,61135,61139,61145,61151,61213,61216,61277,61280,61336,61341,61343,61347,61354,61415,61420,61429,61485,61492,61496,61554,61563,61621,61625,61660,61664,61674,61677,61732,61746,61749,61864,61869,61873,61884,61886,61965,61975,61977,61982,61987,61994,62002,62008,62011,62017,62020,62026,62032,62034,62070,62079],[10,60389,53721,60391,10916],{"id":60390},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60392,52825],{},[20,60394,60395,60397],{},[15,60396,52726],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60399,60400],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[59,60402,62],{"id":61},[64,60404,60406],{"className":66,"code":60405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60407,60408,60424,60441,60445,60460,60470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60409,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60411,523],{"class":79},[73,60413,84],{"class":83},[73,60415,528],{"class":105},[73,60417,404],{"class":315},[73,60419,149],{"class":105},[73,60421,409],{"class":315},[73,60423,229],{"class":105},[73,60425,60426,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60427,60428],{"class":79},"more_numbers ",[73,60430,84],{"class":83},[73,60432,528],{"class":105},[73,60434,1652],{"class":315},[73,60436,149],{"class":105},[73,60438,2047],{"class":315},[73,60440,229],{"class":105},[73,60442,60443],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60444,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60446,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60458],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60448,553],{"class":79},[73,60450,817],{"class":105},[73,60452,52855],{"class":114},[73,60454,106],{"class":105},[73,60456,60457],{"class":114},"more_numbers",[73,60459,854],{"class":105},[73,60461,60462,60464,60466,60468],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60463,102],{"class":101},[73,60465,106],{"class":105},[73,60467,553],{"class":114},[73,60469,854],{"class":105},[73,60471,60472],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,60473,52102],{"class":3249},[20,60475,121,60476,60478],{},[15,60477,52825],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[59,60480,236,60482,239],{"id":60481},"what-listextend-does",[15,60483,52726],{},[20,60485,60486,2475],{},[15,60487,52825],{},[30,60489,60490,60493,60495,60498],{},[33,60491,60492],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60494,53807],{},[33,60496,60497],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60499,11018,60500],{},[15,60501,3364],{},[20,60503,60504,60505,53180],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60506,52825],{},[59,60508,285],{"id":284},[64,60510,60512],{"className":66,"code":60511,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60513,60514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60515,60516,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60517,60518],{"class":79},"list_name",[73,60520,817],{"class":105},[73,60522,52855],{"class":114},[73,60524,106],{"class":105},[73,60526,3306],{"class":114},[73,60528,854],{"class":105},[20,60530,5039,60531,60533],{},[55,60532,3306],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60535,60536],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60538,60539,60543,60547,60551,60556],{},[33,60540,60541],{},[15,60542,7684],{},[33,60544,60545],{},[15,60546,48330],{},[33,60548,60549],{},[15,60550,5875],{},[33,60552,60553],{},[15,60554,60555],{},"string",[33,60557,60558],{},[15,60559,59379],{},[59,60561,60563],{"id":60562},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60565,60566,60567,2475],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60568,52825],{},[64,60570,60572],{"className":66,"code":60571,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60573,60574,60598,60623,60627,60642,60646,60656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60575,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60577,35609],{"class":79},[73,60579,84],{"class":83},[73,60581,528],{"class":105},[73,60583,384],{"class":87},[73,60585,3666],{"class":91},[73,60587,384],{"class":87},[73,60589,149],{"class":105},[73,60591,88],{"class":87},[73,60593,3675],{"class":91},[73,60595,384],{"class":87},[73,60597,229],{"class":105},[73,60599,60600,60603,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60601,60602],{"class":79},"more_fruits ",[73,60604,84],{"class":83},[73,60606,528],{"class":105},[73,60608,384],{"class":87},[73,60610,32818],{"class":91},[73,60612,384],{"class":87},[73,60614,149],{"class":105},[73,60616,88],{"class":87},[73,60618,22132],{"class":91},[73,60620,384],{"class":87},[73,60622,229],{"class":105},[73,60624,60625],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60626,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60628,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60640],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60630,35661],{"class":79},[73,60632,817],{"class":105},[73,60634,52855],{"class":114},[73,60636,106],{"class":105},[73,60638,60639],{"class":114},"more_fruits",[73,60641,854],{"class":105},[73,60643,60644],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60645,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60647,60648,60650,60652,60654],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,60649,102],{"class":101},[73,60651,106],{"class":105},[73,60653,35661],{"class":114},[73,60655,854],{"class":105},[73,60657,60658],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,60659,60660],{"class":3249},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60662,11278],{},[30,60664,60665,60670,60675],{},[33,60666,60667,60669],{},[15,60668,35661],{}," starts with two items",[33,60671,60672,60674],{},[15,60673,60639],{}," has two more items",[33,60676,60677,60679,60680,60682,60683],{},[15,60678,52825],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60681,60639],{}," to ",[15,60684,35661],{},[20,60686,60687,60688,60690],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60689,35661],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60692,53946,60693,355,60695,817],{},[587,60694,52150],{"href":50357},[587,60696,56534],{"href":56533},[59,60698,60700,1011,60702],{"id":60699},"extend-vs-append",[15,60701,52825],{},[15,60703,52031],{},[20,60705,60706,355,60708,60710],{},[15,60707,52825],{},[15,60709,52031],{}," are often confused.",[292,60712,60714,60716],{"id":60713},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60715,52825],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[64,60718,60720],{"className":66,"code":60719,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60721,60722,60738,60756,60760,60770],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60723,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60725,523],{"class":79},[73,60727,84],{"class":83},[73,60729,528],{"class":105},[73,60731,404],{"class":315},[73,60733,149],{"class":105},[73,60735,409],{"class":315},[73,60737,229],{"class":105},[73,60739,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60741,553],{"class":79},[73,60743,817],{"class":105},[73,60745,52855],{"class":114},[73,60747,401],{"class":105},[73,60749,1652],{"class":315},[73,60751,149],{"class":105},[73,60753,2047],{"class":315},[73,60755,3475],{"class":105},[73,60757,60758],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60759,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60763,102],{"class":101},[73,60765,106],{"class":105},[73,60767,553],{"class":114},[73,60769,854],{"class":105},[73,60771,60772],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60773,52102],{"class":3249},[292,60775,60777,60779],{"id":60776},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60778,52031],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[64,60781,60783],{"className":66,"code":60782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60784,60785,60801,60819,60823,60833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60786,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60788,523],{"class":79},[73,60790,84],{"class":83},[73,60792,528],{"class":105},[73,60794,404],{"class":315},[73,60796,149],{"class":105},[73,60798,409],{"class":315},[73,60800,229],{"class":105},[73,60802,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60804,553],{"class":79},[73,60806,817],{"class":105},[73,60808,564],{"class":114},[73,60810,401],{"class":105},[73,60812,1652],{"class":315},[73,60814,149],{"class":105},[73,60816,2047],{"class":315},[73,60818,3475],{"class":105},[73,60820,60821],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60822,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60824,60825,60827,60829,60831],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60826,102],{"class":101},[73,60828,106],{"class":105},[73,60830,553],{"class":114},[73,60832,854],{"class":105},[73,60834,60835],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60836,60837],{"class":3249},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60839,18293],{},[30,60841,60842,60847],{},[33,60843,60844,60846],{},[15,60845,52825],{}," to combine values",[33,60848,60849,60851],{},[15,60850,52031],{}," to add one item",[20,60853,41467,60854,355,60858,817],{},[587,60855,54899,60856,10333],{"href":56148},[15,60857,52031],{},[587,60859,52428],{"href":52427},[59,60861,438,60863,60865],{"id":60862},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60864,52825],{}," with different iterables",[20,60867,60868,60870],{},[15,60869,52825],{}," works with more than just lists.",[292,60872,60874],{"id":60873},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[64,60876,60878],{"className":66,"code":60877,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60879,60880,60896,60914,60918,60928],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60881,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60883,3409],{"class":79},[73,60885,84],{"class":83},[73,60887,528],{"class":105},[73,60889,404],{"class":315},[73,60891,149],{"class":105},[73,60893,409],{"class":315},[73,60895,229],{"class":105},[73,60897,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60899,4945],{"class":79},[73,60901,817],{"class":105},[73,60903,52855],{"class":114},[73,60905,5097],{"class":105},[73,60907,1652],{"class":315},[73,60909,149],{"class":105},[73,60911,2047],{"class":315},[73,60913,118],{"class":105},[73,60915,60916],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60917,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60919,60920,60922,60924,60926],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60921,102],{"class":101},[73,60923,106],{"class":105},[73,60925,4945],{"class":114},[73,60927,854],{"class":105},[73,60929,60930],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60931,52102],{"class":3249},[20,60933,60934],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[292,60936,60938],{"id":60937},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[64,60940,60942],{"className":66,"code":60941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60943,60944,60960,60979,60983,60993],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60945,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60947,35460],{"class":79},[73,60949,84],{"class":83},[73,60951,528],{"class":105},[73,60953,384],{"class":87},[73,60955,587],{"class":91},[73,60957,384],{"class":87},[73,60959,229],{"class":105},[73,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60972,60975,60977],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,60963,35513],{"class":79},[73,60965,817],{"class":105},[73,60967,52855],{"class":114},[73,60969,106],{"class":105},[73,60971,384],{"class":87},[73,60973,60974],{"class":91},"bc",[73,60976,384],{"class":87},[73,60978,854],{"class":105},[73,60980,60981],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,60982,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,60984,60985,60987,60989,60991],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,60986,102],{"class":101},[73,60988,106],{"class":105},[73,60990,35513],{"class":114},[73,60992,854],{"class":105},[73,60994,60995],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,60996,60997],{"class":3249},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60999,61000],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[292,61002,61004],{"id":61003},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[64,61006,61008],{"className":66,"code":61007,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61009,61010,61022,61044,61048,61058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61011,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61013,523],{"class":79},[73,61015,84],{"class":83},[73,61017,528],{"class":105},[73,61019,1710],{"class":315},[73,61021,229],{"class":105},[73,61023,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038,61040,61042],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61025,553],{"class":79},[73,61027,817],{"class":105},[73,61029,52855],{"class":114},[73,61031,106],{"class":105},[73,61033,59379],{"class":101},[73,61035,106],{"class":105},[73,61037,404],{"class":315},[73,61039,149],{"class":105},[73,61041,2047],{"class":315},[73,61043,118],{"class":105},[73,61045,61046],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61047,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61049,61050,61052,61054,61056],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61051,102],{"class":101},[73,61053,106],{"class":105},[73,61055,553],{"class":114},[73,61057,854],{"class":105},[73,61059,61060],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61061,61062],{"class":3249},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61064,61065,61068,61069,995,61071,1002,61073,817],{},[15,61066,61067],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61070,404],{},[15,61072,1646],{},[15,61074,1652],{},[292,61076,61078],{"id":61077},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[64,61080,61082],{"className":66,"code":61081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61083,61084,61100,61118,61122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61085,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61087,7369],{"class":79},[73,61089,84],{"class":83},[73,61091,528],{"class":105},[73,61093,404],{"class":315},[73,61095,149],{"class":105},[73,61097,409],{"class":315},[73,61099,229],{"class":105},[73,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114,61116],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61103,7400],{"class":79},[73,61105,817],{"class":105},[73,61107,52855],{"class":114},[73,61109,5116],{"class":105},[73,61111,1652],{"class":315},[73,61113,149],{"class":105},[73,61115,2047],{"class":315},[73,61117,30094],{"class":105},[73,61119,61120],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61121,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61123,61124,61126,61128,61130],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61125,102],{"class":101},[73,61127,106],{"class":105},[73,61129,7400],{"class":114},[73,61131,854],{"class":105},[20,61133,61134],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[59,61136,61138],{"id":61137},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61140,61141,1987,61143,817],{},[15,61142,52825],{},[15,61144,3364],{},[20,61146,61147,61148,2475],{},"That means this is ",[55,61149,61150],{},"wrong",[64,61152,61154],{"className":66,"code":61153,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61155,61156,61172,61194,61198,61208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61157,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61159,523],{"class":79},[73,61161,84],{"class":83},[73,61163,528],{"class":105},[73,61165,404],{"class":315},[73,61167,149],{"class":105},[73,61169,409],{"class":315},[73,61171,229],{"class":105},[73,61173,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61175,1819],{"class":79},[73,61177,84],{"class":83},[73,61179,3851],{"class":79},[73,61181,817],{"class":105},[73,61183,52855],{"class":114},[73,61185,401],{"class":105},[73,61187,1652],{"class":315},[73,61189,149],{"class":105},[73,61191,2047],{"class":315},[73,61193,3475],{"class":105},[73,61195,61196],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61197,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61199,61200,61202,61204,61206],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61201,102],{"class":101},[73,61203,106],{"class":105},[73,61205,1854],{"class":114},[73,61207,854],{"class":105},[73,61209,61210],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61211,61212],{"class":3249},"# None\n",[20,61214,61215],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[64,61217,61219],{"className":66,"code":61218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61220,61221,61237,61259,61263,61273],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61222,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61224,523],{"class":79},[73,61226,84],{"class":83},[73,61228,528],{"class":105},[73,61230,404],{"class":315},[73,61232,149],{"class":105},[73,61234,409],{"class":315},[73,61236,229],{"class":105},[73,61238,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61240,523],{"class":79},[73,61242,84],{"class":83},[73,61244,3851],{"class":79},[73,61246,817],{"class":105},[73,61248,52855],{"class":114},[73,61250,401],{"class":105},[73,61252,1652],{"class":315},[73,61254,149],{"class":105},[73,61256,2047],{"class":315},[73,61258,3475],{"class":105},[73,61260,61261],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61262,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61264,61265,61267,61269,61271],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61266,102],{"class":101},[73,61268,106],{"class":105},[73,61270,553],{"class":114},[73,61272,854],{"class":105},[73,61274,61275],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61276,61212],{"class":3249},[20,61278,61279],{},"The correct way is:",[64,61281,61282],{"className":66,"code":60719,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,61283,61284,61300,61318,61322,61332],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61285,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61287,523],{"class":79},[73,61289,84],{"class":83},[73,61291,528],{"class":105},[73,61293,404],{"class":315},[73,61295,149],{"class":105},[73,61297,409],{"class":315},[73,61299,229],{"class":105},[73,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61303,553],{"class":79},[73,61305,817],{"class":105},[73,61307,52855],{"class":114},[73,61309,401],{"class":105},[73,61311,1652],{"class":315},[73,61313,149],{"class":105},[73,61315,2047],{"class":315},[73,61317,3475],{"class":105},[73,61319,61320],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61321,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61325,102],{"class":101},[73,61327,106],{"class":105},[73,61329,553],{"class":114},[73,61331,854],{"class":105},[73,61333,61334],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61335,52102],{"class":3249},[20,61337,55288,61338,61340],{},[15,61339,52825],{}," first, then use the original list.",[59,61342,4107],{"id":4106},[20,61344,14331,61345,817],{},[15,61346,52825],{},[292,61348,61350,61351,61353],{"id":61349},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61352,52825],{}," to return a new list",[64,61355,61357],{"className":66,"code":61356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61358,61359,61375,61397,61401,61411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61360,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61362,523],{"class":79},[73,61364,84],{"class":83},[73,61366,528],{"class":105},[73,61368,404],{"class":315},[73,61370,149],{"class":105},[73,61372,409],{"class":315},[73,61374,229],{"class":105},[73,61376,61377,61379,61381,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61378,55021],{"class":79},[73,61380,84],{"class":83},[73,61382,3851],{"class":79},[73,61384,817],{"class":105},[73,61386,52855],{"class":114},[73,61388,401],{"class":105},[73,61390,1652],{"class":315},[73,61392,149],{"class":105},[73,61394,2047],{"class":315},[73,61396,3475],{"class":105},[73,61398,61399],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61400,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61402,61403,61405,61407,61409],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61404,102],{"class":101},[73,61406,106],{"class":105},[73,61408,55040],{"class":114},[73,61410,854],{"class":105},[73,61412,61413],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61414,61212],{"class":3249},[20,61416,61417,61418,817],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61419,52825],{},[292,61421,61423,61424,44005,61426,61428],{"id":61422},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61425,52031],{},[15,61427,52825],{}," is needed",[64,61430,61431],{"className":66,"code":60782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,61432,61433,61449,61467,61471,61481],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61436,523],{"class":79},[73,61438,84],{"class":83},[73,61440,528],{"class":105},[73,61442,404],{"class":315},[73,61444,149],{"class":105},[73,61446,409],{"class":315},[73,61448,229],{"class":105},[73,61450,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61452,553],{"class":79},[73,61454,817],{"class":105},[73,61456,564],{"class":114},[73,61458,401],{"class":105},[73,61460,1652],{"class":315},[73,61462,149],{"class":105},[73,61464,2047],{"class":315},[73,61466,3475],{"class":105},[73,61468,61469],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61470,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61472,61473,61475,61477,61479],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61474,102],{"class":101},[73,61476,106],{"class":105},[73,61478,553],{"class":114},[73,61480,854],{"class":105},[73,61482,61483],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61484,60837],{"class":3249},[20,61486,61487,61488,53270,61490,6221],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61489,53269],{},[15,61491,52825],{},[292,61493,61495],{"id":61494},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[64,61497,61499],{"className":66,"code":61498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61500,61501,61517,61535,61539,61549],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61504,3657],{"class":79},[73,61506,84],{"class":83},[73,61508,528],{"class":105},[73,61510,384],{"class":87},[73,61512,92],{"class":91},[73,61514,384],{"class":87},[73,61516,229],{"class":105},[73,61518,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61520,3701],{"class":79},[73,61522,817],{"class":105},[73,61524,52855],{"class":114},[73,61526,106],{"class":105},[73,61528,384],{"class":87},[73,61530,59972],{"class":91},[73,61532,384],{"class":87},[73,61534,854],{"class":105},[73,61536,61537],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61538,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61540,61541,61543,61545,61547],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61542,102],{"class":101},[73,61544,106],{"class":105},[73,61546,3701],{"class":114},[73,61548,854],{"class":105},[73,61550,61551],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61552,61553],{"class":3249},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61555,61556,61557,61560,61561,2475],{},"If you want ",[15,61558,61559],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61562,52031],{},[64,61564,61566],{"className":66,"code":61565,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61567,61568,61584,61602,61606,61616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61569,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61571,3657],{"class":79},[73,61573,84],{"class":83},[73,61575,528],{"class":105},[73,61577,384],{"class":87},[73,61579,92],{"class":91},[73,61581,384],{"class":87},[73,61583,229],{"class":105},[73,61585,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61587,3701],{"class":79},[73,61589,817],{"class":105},[73,61591,564],{"class":114},[73,61593,106],{"class":105},[73,61595,384],{"class":87},[73,61597,59972],{"class":91},[73,61599,384],{"class":87},[73,61601,854],{"class":105},[73,61603,61604],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61605,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61607,61608,61610,61612,61614],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61609,102],{"class":101},[73,61611,106],{"class":105},[73,61613,3701],{"class":114},[73,61615,854],{"class":105},[73,61617,61618],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61619,61620],{"class":3249},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[292,61622,61624],{"id":61623},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[64,61626,61628],{"className":66,"code":61627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61629,61630,61646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61631,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61633,523],{"class":79},[73,61635,84],{"class":83},[73,61637,528],{"class":105},[73,61639,404],{"class":315},[73,61641,149],{"class":105},[73,61643,409],{"class":315},[73,61645,229],{"class":105},[73,61647,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656,61658],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61649,553],{"class":79},[73,61651,817],{"class":105},[73,61653,52855],{"class":114},[73,61655,106],{"class":105},[73,61657,1727],{"class":315},[73,61659,854],{"class":105},[20,61661,39026,61662,6141],{},[15,61663,1727],{},[20,61665,61666,61667,61669,61670,61673],{},"You will get a ",[15,61668,2594],{},". See ",[587,61671,61672],{"href":51978},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61675,61676],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[64,61678,61680],{"className":66,"code":61679,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61681,61682,61692,61706,61718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61683,61684,61686,61688,61690],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61685,102],{"class":101},[73,61687,106],{"class":105},[73,61689,7930],{"class":114},[73,61691,854],{"class":105},[73,61693,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61695,102],{"class":101},[73,61697,106],{"class":105},[73,61699,1271],{"class":1270},[73,61701,106],{"class":105},[73,61703,4945],{"class":114},[73,61705,118],{"class":105},[73,61707,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61709,102],{"class":101},[73,61711,106],{"class":105},[73,61713,1854],{"class":114},[73,61715,3246],{"class":105},[73,61717,854],{"class":79},[73,61719,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61721,842],{"class":101},[73,61723,106],{"class":105},[73,61725,7684],{"class":1270},[73,61727,817],{"class":105},[73,61729,52855],{"class":851},[73,61731,854],{"class":105},[42955,61733,61734],{},[20,61735,61736,61737,61740,61741,61743,61744,817],{},"Note: ",[15,61738,61739],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61742,3246],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61745,32624],{},[20,61747,61748],{},"Correct debugging example:",[64,61750,61752],{"className":66,"code":61751,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61753,61754,61770,61786,61790,61804,61808,61816,61826,61840,61850],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61755,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61757,7899],{"class":79},[73,61759,84],{"class":83},[73,61761,528],{"class":105},[73,61763,404],{"class":315},[73,61765,149],{"class":105},[73,61767,409],{"class":315},[73,61769,229],{"class":105},[73,61771,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61773,3409],{"class":79},[73,61775,84],{"class":83},[73,61777,528],{"class":105},[73,61779,1652],{"class":315},[73,61781,149],{"class":105},[73,61783,2047],{"class":315},[73,61785,229],{"class":105},[73,61787,61788],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61789,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61791,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61793,7930],{"class":79},[73,61795,817],{"class":105},[73,61797,52855],{"class":114},[73,61799,106],{"class":105},[73,61801,4945],{"class":114},[73,61803,854],{"class":105},[73,61805,61806],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61807,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61809,61810,61812,61814],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,61811,1819],{"class":79},[73,61813,84],{"class":83},[73,61815,47904],{"class":3438},[73,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,61819,102],{"class":101},[73,61821,106],{"class":105},[73,61823,7930],{"class":114},[73,61825,854],{"class":105},[73,61827,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,61829,102],{"class":101},[73,61831,106],{"class":105},[73,61833,1271],{"class":1270},[73,61835,106],{"class":105},[73,61837,4945],{"class":114},[73,61839,118],{"class":105},[73,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,61843,102],{"class":101},[73,61845,106],{"class":105},[73,61847,1854],{"class":114},[73,61849,854],{"class":105},[73,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,61853,842],{"class":101},[73,61855,106],{"class":105},[73,61857,7684],{"class":1270},[73,61859,817],{"class":105},[73,61861,52855],{"class":851},[73,61863,854],{"class":105},[59,61865,4551,61867],{"id":61866},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61868,52825],{},[20,61870,121,61871,5906],{},[15,61872,52825],{},[30,61874,61875,61878,61881],{},[33,61876,61877],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,61879,61880],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,61882,61883],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61885,820],{},[64,61887,61889],{"className":66,"code":61888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61890,61891,61908,61926,61930,61946,61950,61960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61892,61893,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61894,61895],{"class":79},"all_scores ",[73,61897,84],{"class":83},[73,61899,528],{"class":105},[73,61901,13100],{"class":315},[73,61903,149],{"class":105},[73,61905,13105],{"class":315},[73,61907,229],{"class":105},[73,61909,61910,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921,61924],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,61911,61912],{"class":79},"new_scores ",[73,61914,84],{"class":83},[73,61916,528],{"class":105},[73,61918,50883],{"class":315},[73,61920,149],{"class":105},[73,61922,61923],{"class":315}," 92",[73,61925,229],{"class":105},[73,61927,61928],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,61929,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61931,61932,61935,61937,61939,61941,61944],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,61933,61934],{"class":79},"all_scores",[73,61936,817],{"class":105},[73,61938,52855],{"class":114},[73,61940,106],{"class":105},[73,61942,61943],{"class":114},"new_scores",[73,61945,854],{"class":105},[73,61947,61948],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,61949,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,61951,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,61953,102],{"class":101},[73,61955,106],{"class":105},[73,61957,61934],{"class":114},[73,61959,854],{"class":105},[73,61961,61962],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,61963,61964],{"class":3249},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61966,61967,61968,61970,61971,817],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61969,52031],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[587,61972,54899,61973,10333],{"href":53287},[15,61974,53647],{},[59,61976,1405],{"id":1404},[292,61978,12300,61980,54848],{"id":61979},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61981,52726],{},[20,61983,61984,61985,817],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61986,3364],{},[292,61988,1419,61990,355,61992,1424],{"id":61989},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61991,52825],{},[15,61993,52031],{},[20,61995,61996,61998,61999,62001],{},[15,61997,52825],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62000,52031],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[292,62003,27925,62005,62007],{"id":62004},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62006,52825],{}," with a string?",[20,62009,62010],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[292,62012,27925,62014,62016],{"id":62013},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62015,52825],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62018,62019],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[292,62021,62023,62024,1424],{"id":62022},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62025,52825],{},[20,62027,62028,62029,62031],{},"You get a ",[15,62030,2594],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[59,62033,1461],{"id":1460},[30,62035,62036,62042,62046,62050,62054,62060,62064],{},[33,62037,62038],{},[587,62039,54899,62040,10333],{"href":56148},[15,62041,52031],{},[33,62043,62044],{},[587,62045,53657],{"href":52427},[33,62047,62048],{},[587,62049,56608],{"href":56533},[33,62051,62052],{},[587,62053,52150],{"href":50357},[33,62055,62056],{},[587,62057,54899,62058,10333],{"href":53287},[15,62059,53647],{},[33,62061,62062],{},[587,62063,61672],{"href":51978},[33,62065,62066],{},[587,62067,54899,62068,10333],{"href":54339},[15,62069,12373],{},[20,62071,62072,62073,62075,62076,62078],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62074,52031],{},", when to use ",[15,62077,53647],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1500,62080,62081],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":62083},[62084,62085,62087,62088,62089,62096,62103,62104,62112,62114,62126],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":60481,"depth":98,"text":62086},"What list.extend() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":60562,"depth":98,"text":60563},{"id":60699,"depth":98,"text":62090,"children":62091},"extend() vs append()",[62092,62094],{"id":60713,"depth":332,"text":62093},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60776,"depth":332,"text":62095},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60862,"depth":98,"text":62097,"children":62098},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62099,62100,62101,62102],{"id":60873,"depth":332,"text":60874},{"id":60937,"depth":332,"text":60938},{"id":61003,"depth":332,"text":61004},{"id":61077,"depth":332,"text":61078},{"id":61137,"depth":98,"text":61138},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":62105},[62106,62108,62110,62111],{"id":61349,"depth":332,"text":62107},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61422,"depth":332,"text":62109},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61494,"depth":332,"text":61495},{"id":61623,"depth":332,"text":61624},{"id":61866,"depth":98,"text":62113},"When to use extend()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":62115},[62116,62118,62120,62122,62124],{"id":61979,"depth":332,"text":62117},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61989,"depth":332,"text":62119},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62004,"depth":332,"text":62121},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62013,"depth":332,"text":62123},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62022,"depth":332,"text":62125},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60385,"description":62127},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62134,"title":62135,"body":62136,"description":64227,"extension":1552,"meta":64228,"navigation":335,"path":64229,"seo":64230,"stem":64231,"__hash__":64232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62137,"toc":64190},[62138,62141,62146,62152,62163,62169,62171,62240,62242,62291,62299,62303,62308,62311,62322,62327,62329,62331,62352,62365,62368,62381,62383,62388,62413,62415,62423,62426,62495,62497,62521,62527,62531,62535,62571,62573,62593,62600,62604,62637,62639,62673,62678,62682,62715,62717,62745,62753,62757,62794,62796,62817,62820,62824,62893,62895,62919,62925,62932,62936,62939,62941,62955,62958,62982,62984,63009,63012,63031,63033,63059,63068,63072,63079,63156,63158,63199,63205,63211,63302,63304,63360,63363,63368,63372,63377,63381,63440,63442,63467,63471,63534,63536,63561,63565,63628,63630,63673,63676,63680,63684,63706,63710,63792,63794,63829,63837,63839,63843,63847,63849,63876,63881,63883,63910,63917,63920,63943,63945,63994,63997,64000,64019,64023,64026,64077,64080,64086,64090,64095,64098,64100,64106,64115,64119,64125,64129,64132,64136,64139,64143,64149,64151,64187],[10,62139,62135],{"id":62140},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62142,8714,62143,62145],{},[15,62144,24380],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62147,62148,62149,62151],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62150,24380],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62153,62154,62157],{},[33,62155,62156],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62158,62159,62160,62162],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62161,59379],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62164,62165,62166,62168],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62167,24380],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[59,62170,62],{"id":61},[64,62172,62174],{"className":66,"code":62173,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62175,62176,62198,62216,62220,62230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62179,523],{"class":79},[73,62181,84],{"class":83},[73,62183,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62185,5097],{"class":105},[73,62187,404],{"class":315},[73,62189,149],{"class":105},[73,62191,409],{"class":315},[73,62193,149],{"class":105},[73,62195,414],{"class":315},[73,62197,118],{"class":105},[73,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62201,35460],{"class":79},[73,62203,84],{"class":83},[73,62205,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62207,106],{"class":105},[73,62209,384],{"class":87},[73,62211,40934],{"class":91},[73,62213,384],{"class":87},[73,62215,854],{"class":105},[73,62217,62218],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,62219,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,62221,62222,62224,62226,62228],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,62223,102],{"class":101},[73,62225,106],{"class":105},[73,62227,553],{"class":114},[73,62229,854],{"class":105},[73,62231,62232,62234,62236,62238],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,62233,102],{"class":101},[73,62235,106],{"class":105},[73,62237,35513],{"class":114},[73,62239,854],{"class":105},[20,62241,1660],{},[64,62243,62245],{"className":66,"code":62244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62246,62247,62263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62248,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62250,138],{"class":105},[73,62252,404],{"class":315},[73,62254,149],{"class":105},[73,62256,409],{"class":315},[73,62258,149],{"class":105},[73,62260,414],{"class":315},[73,62262,229],{"class":105},[73,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62266,138],{"class":105},[73,62268,141],{"class":87},[73,62270,587],{"class":91},[73,62272,141],{"class":87},[73,62274,149],{"class":105},[73,62276,152],{"class":87},[73,62278,4350],{"class":91},[73,62280,141],{"class":87},[73,62282,149],{"class":105},[73,62284,152],{"class":87},[73,62286,9332],{"class":91},[73,62288,141],{"class":87},[73,62290,229],{"class":105},[20,62292,121,62293,62295,62296,62298],{},[15,62294,24380],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62297,59379],{},", set, or dictionary.",[59,62300,62302],{"id":62301},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62304,62305,62307],{},[15,62306,24380],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62309,62310],{},"It can:",[30,62312,62313,62316,62319],{},[33,62314,62315],{},"create a new list object",[33,62317,62318],{},"make an empty list",[33,62320,62321],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62323,62324,62325,817],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[587,62326,52150],{"href":50357},[59,62328,285],{"id":284},[20,62330,26083],{},[64,62332,62334],{"className":66,"code":62333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62335,62336,62342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62337,62338,62340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62339,7684],{"class":1270},[73,62341,8233],{"class":105},[73,62343,62344,62346,62348,62350],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62345,7684],{"class":1270},[73,62347,106],{"class":105},[73,62349,3306],{"class":114},[73,62351,854],{"class":105},[30,62353,62354,62359],{},[33,62355,62356,62358],{},[15,62357,24380],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62360,62361,62364],{},[15,62362,62363],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62366,62367],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62369,62370,62372,62374,62376,62379],{},[33,62371,425],{},[33,62373,4890],{},[33,62375,4893],{},[33,62377,62378],{},"ranges",[33,62380,6841],{},[59,62382,59001],{"id":59000},[20,62384,121,62385,62387],{},[15,62386,24380],{}," with no arguments:",[64,62389,62391],{"className":66,"code":62390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62392,62393,62403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62396,7369],{"class":79},[73,62398,84],{"class":83},[73,62400,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62402,8233],{"class":105},[73,62404,62405,62407,62409,62411],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62406,102],{"class":101},[73,62408,106],{"class":105},[73,62410,7400],{"class":114},[73,62412,854],{"class":105},[20,62414,1660],{},[64,62416,62417],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62418,62419],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62420,62421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62422,37669],{"class":105},[20,62424,62425],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[64,62427,62429],{"className":66,"code":62428,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62430,62431,62441,62445,62463,62481,62485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62432,62433,62435,62437,62439],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62434,7369],{"class":79},[73,62436,84],{"class":83},[73,62438,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62440,8233],{"class":105},[73,62442,62443],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62444,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,62446,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,62448,7400],{"class":79},[73,62450,817],{"class":105},[73,62452,564],{"class":114},[73,62454,106],{"class":105},[73,62456,384],{"class":87},[73,62458,3666],{"class":91},[73,62460,384],{"class":87},[73,62462,854],{"class":105},[73,62464,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,62466,7400],{"class":79},[73,62468,817],{"class":105},[73,62470,564],{"class":114},[73,62472,106],{"class":105},[73,62474,384],{"class":87},[73,62476,3675],{"class":91},[73,62478,384],{"class":87},[73,62480,854],{"class":105},[73,62482,62483],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,62484,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,62486,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,62488,102],{"class":101},[73,62490,106],{"class":105},[73,62492,7400],{"class":114},[73,62494,854],{"class":105},[20,62496,1660],{},[64,62498,62499],{"className":66,"code":37795,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62500,62501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62502,62503,62505,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62504,138],{"class":105},[73,62506,141],{"class":87},[73,62508,3666],{"class":91},[73,62510,141],{"class":87},[73,62512,149],{"class":105},[73,62514,152],{"class":87},[73,62516,3675],{"class":91},[73,62518,141],{"class":87},[73,62520,229],{"class":105},[20,62522,62523,62524,62526],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62525,3373],{},". Both are valid.",[59,62528,62530],{"id":62529},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[292,62532,62534],{"id":62533},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[64,62536,62537],{"className":66,"code":59299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62538,62539,62561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62540,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62542,523],{"class":79},[73,62544,84],{"class":83},[73,62546,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62548,5097],{"class":105},[73,62550,404],{"class":315},[73,62552,149],{"class":105},[73,62554,409],{"class":315},[73,62556,149],{"class":105},[73,62558,414],{"class":315},[73,62560,118],{"class":105},[73,62562,62563,62565,62567,62569],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62564,102],{"class":101},[73,62566,106],{"class":105},[73,62568,553],{"class":114},[73,62570,854],{"class":105},[20,62572,1660],{},[64,62574,62575],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62576,62577],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62578,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587,62589,62591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62580,138],{"class":105},[73,62582,404],{"class":315},[73,62584,149],{"class":105},[73,62586,409],{"class":315},[73,62588,149],{"class":105},[73,62590,414],{"class":315},[73,62592,229],{"class":105},[20,62594,62595,62596,817],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[587,62597,62599],{"href":62598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[292,62601,62603],{"id":62602},"string-to-list","String to list",[64,62605,62607],{"className":66,"code":62606,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62608,62609,62627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62610,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62612,35460],{"class":79},[73,62614,84],{"class":83},[73,62616,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62618,106],{"class":105},[73,62620,384],{"class":87},[73,62622,36418],{"class":91},[73,62624,384],{"class":87},[73,62626,854],{"class":105},[73,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62630,102],{"class":101},[73,62632,106],{"class":105},[73,62634,35513],{"class":114},[73,62636,854],{"class":105},[20,62638,1660],{},[64,62640,62642],{"className":66,"code":62641,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62643,62644],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62645,62646,62648,62650,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666,62669,62671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62647,138],{"class":105},[73,62649,141],{"class":87},[73,62651,9332],{"class":91},[73,62653,141],{"class":87},[73,62655,149],{"class":105},[73,62657,152],{"class":87},[73,62659,587],{"class":91},[73,62661,141],{"class":87},[73,62663,149],{"class":105},[73,62665,152],{"class":87},[73,62667,62668],{"class":91},"t",[73,62670,141],{"class":87},[73,62672,229],{"class":105},[20,62674,62675,62677],{},[15,62676,24380],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[292,62679,62681],{"id":62680},"range-to-list","Range to list",[64,62683,62685],{"className":66,"code":62684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62686,62687,62705],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62688,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62690,523],{"class":79},[73,62692,84],{"class":83},[73,62694,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62696,106],{"class":105},[73,62698,59379],{"class":101},[73,62700,106],{"class":105},[73,62702,1727],{"class":315},[73,62704,118],{"class":105},[73,62706,62707,62709,62711,62713],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62708,102],{"class":101},[73,62710,106],{"class":105},[73,62712,553],{"class":114},[73,62714,854],{"class":105},[20,62716,1660],{},[64,62718,62719],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62720,62721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62722,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62724,138],{"class":105},[73,62726,1710],{"class":315},[73,62728,149],{"class":105},[73,62730,5084],{"class":315},[73,62732,149],{"class":105},[73,62734,409],{"class":315},[73,62736,149],{"class":105},[73,62738,414],{"class":315},[73,62740,149],{"class":105},[73,62742,2047],{"class":315},[73,62744,229],{"class":105},[20,62746,62747,62748,62752],{},"This is common when working with ",[587,62749,62750],{"href":35565},[15,62751,35568],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[292,62754,62756],{"id":62755},"set-to-list","Set to list",[64,62758,62760],{"className":66,"code":62759,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62761,62762,62784],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62763,62764,62766,62768,62770,62772,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62765,3409],{"class":79},[73,62767,84],{"class":83},[73,62769,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62771,5116],{"class":105},[73,62773,1920],{"class":315},[73,62775,149],{"class":105},[73,62777,7380],{"class":315},[73,62779,149],{"class":105},[73,62781,7385],{"class":315},[73,62783,30094],{"class":105},[73,62785,62786,62788,62790,62792],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62787,102],{"class":101},[73,62789,106],{"class":105},[73,62791,4945],{"class":114},[73,62793,854],{"class":105},[20,62795,16557],{},[64,62797,62799],{"className":66,"code":62798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62800,62801],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62802,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62804,138],{"class":105},[73,62806,1920],{"class":315},[73,62808,149],{"class":105},[73,62810,7380],{"class":315},[73,62812,149],{"class":105},[73,62814,7385],{"class":315},[73,62816,229],{"class":105},[20,62818,62819],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[292,62821,62823],{"id":62822},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[64,62825,62827],{"className":66,"code":62826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62828,62829,62865,62879,62883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62832,12802],{"class":79},[73,62834,84],{"class":83},[73,62836,10083],{"class":105},[73,62838,384],{"class":87},[73,62840,115],{"class":91},[73,62842,384],{"class":87},[73,62844,2475],{"class":105},[73,62846,88],{"class":87},[73,62848,12477],{"class":91},[73,62850,384],{"class":87},[73,62852,149],{"class":105},[73,62854,88],{"class":87},[73,62856,8891],{"class":91},[73,62858,384],{"class":87},[73,62860,2475],{"class":105},[73,62862,8898],{"class":315},[73,62864,8901],{"class":105},[73,62866,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,62868,1819],{"class":79},[73,62870,84],{"class":83},[73,62872,22159],{"class":1270},[73,62874,106],{"class":105},[73,62876,16905],{"class":114},[73,62878,854],{"class":105},[73,62880,62881],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,62882,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,62884,62885,62887,62889,62891],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,62886,102],{"class":101},[73,62888,106],{"class":105},[73,62890,1854],{"class":114},[73,62892,854],{"class":105},[20,62894,1660],{},[64,62896,62897],{"className":66,"code":25078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62898,62899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62900,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62902,138],{"class":105},[73,62904,141],{"class":87},[73,62906,115],{"class":91},[73,62908,141],{"class":87},[73,62910,149],{"class":105},[73,62912,152],{"class":87},[73,62914,8891],{"class":91},[73,62916,141],{"class":87},[73,62918,229],{"class":105},[20,62920,62921,62922,62924],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62923,24380],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62926,62927,62928,817],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[587,62929,62931],{"href":62930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[59,62933,62935],{"id":62934},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62937,62938],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62940,60536],{},[30,62942,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953],{},[33,62944,428],{},[33,62946,4890],{},[33,62948,425],{},[33,62950,4893],{},[33,62952,62378],{},[33,62954,6841],{},[20,62956,62957],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[64,62959,62961],{"className":66,"code":62960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62962,62963],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62964,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62978,62980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62966,102],{"class":101},[73,62968,106],{"class":105},[73,62970,7684],{"class":1270},[73,62972,106],{"class":105},[73,62974,384],{"class":87},[73,62976,62977],{"class":91},"hi",[73,62979,384],{"class":87},[73,62981,118],{"class":105},[20,62983,1660],{},[64,62985,62987],{"className":66,"code":62986,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62988,62989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62990,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62992,138],{"class":105},[73,62994,141],{"class":87},[73,62996,59819],{"class":91},[73,62998,141],{"class":87},[73,63000,149],{"class":105},[73,63002,152],{"class":87},[73,63004,35524],{"class":91},[73,63006,141],{"class":87},[73,63008,229],{"class":105},[20,63010,63011],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[64,63013,63015],{"className":66,"code":63014,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63016,63017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63020,102],{"class":101},[73,63022,106],{"class":105},[73,63024,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63026,106],{"class":105},[73,63028,1727],{"class":315},[73,63030,118],{"class":105},[20,63032,1660],{},[64,63034,63036],{"className":66,"code":63035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63037,63038],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63039,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63041,2594],{"class":1270},[73,63043,2475],{"class":105},[73,63045,152],{"class":87},[73,63047,1778],{"class":91},[73,63049,141],{"class":87},[73,63051,24217],{"class":1270},[73,63053,7687],{"class":83},[73,63055,7690],{"class":83},[73,63057,63058],{"class":79}," iterable\n",[20,63060,63061,63062,63064,63065,817],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[587,63063,4727],{"href":5173},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[587,63066,63067],{"href":51978},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[59,63069,63071],{"id":63070},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63073,63074,63075,63078],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63076,63077],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[64,63080,63082],{"className":66,"code":63081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63083,63084,63104,63118,63122,63132,63142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63087,11681],{"class":79},[73,63089,84],{"class":83},[73,63091,528],{"class":105},[73,63093,404],{"class":315},[73,63095,149],{"class":105},[73,63097,409],{"class":315},[73,63099,149],{"class":105},[73,63101,414],{"class":315},[73,63103,229],{"class":105},[73,63105,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63107,13909],{"class":79},[73,63109,84],{"class":83},[73,63111,22159],{"class":1270},[73,63113,106],{"class":105},[73,63115,11728],{"class":114},[73,63117,854],{"class":105},[73,63119,63120],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,63121,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,63123,63124,63126,63128,63130],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,63125,102],{"class":101},[73,63127,106],{"class":105},[73,63129,11728],{"class":114},[73,63131,854],{"class":105},[73,63133,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,63135,102],{"class":101},[73,63137,106],{"class":105},[73,63139,13928],{"class":114},[73,63141,854],{"class":105},[73,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,63145,102],{"class":101},[73,63147,106],{"class":105},[73,63149,11681],{"class":114},[73,63151,11789],{"class":646},[73,63153,13982],{"class":114},[73,63155,854],{"class":105},[20,63157,1660],{},[64,63159,63161],{"className":66,"code":63160,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63162,63163,63179,63195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63164,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63166,138],{"class":105},[73,63168,404],{"class":315},[73,63170,149],{"class":105},[73,63172,409],{"class":315},[73,63174,149],{"class":105},[73,63176,414],{"class":315},[73,63178,229],{"class":105},[73,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63182,138],{"class":105},[73,63184,404],{"class":315},[73,63186,149],{"class":105},[73,63188,409],{"class":315},[73,63190,149],{"class":105},[73,63192,414],{"class":315},[73,63194,229],{"class":105},[73,63196,63197],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,63198,3627],{"class":3438},[20,63200,63201,63202,63204],{},"This means ",[15,63203,13928],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63206,63207,63208,63210],{},"However, this is only a ",[55,63209,12447],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[64,63212,63214],{"className":66,"code":63213,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63215,63216,63242,63256,63260,63278,63282,63292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63217,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63219,11681],{"class":79},[73,63221,84],{"class":83},[73,63223,55673],{"class":105},[73,63225,404],{"class":315},[73,63227,149],{"class":105},[73,63229,409],{"class":315},[73,63231,17661],{"class":105},[73,63233,528],{"class":105},[73,63235,1652],{"class":315},[73,63237,149],{"class":105},[73,63239,2047],{"class":315},[73,63241,52621],{"class":105},[73,63243,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63245,13909],{"class":79},[73,63247,84],{"class":83},[73,63249,22159],{"class":1270},[73,63251,106],{"class":105},[73,63253,11728],{"class":114},[73,63255,854],{"class":105},[73,63257,63258],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,63259,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,63261,63262,63264,63266,63268,63270,63272,63274,63276],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,63263,13928],{"class":79},[73,63265,138],{"class":105},[73,63267,1710],{"class":315},[73,63269,13148],{"class":105},[73,63271,564],{"class":114},[73,63273,106],{"class":105},[73,63275,55726],{"class":315},[73,63277,854],{"class":105},[73,63279,63280],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,63281,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,63285,102],{"class":101},[73,63287,106],{"class":105},[73,63289,11728],{"class":114},[73,63291,854],{"class":105},[73,63293,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,63295,102],{"class":101},[73,63297,106],{"class":105},[73,63299,13928],{"class":114},[73,63301,854],{"class":105},[20,63303,1660],{},[64,63305,63306],{"className":66,"code":55757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63307,63308,63334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63309,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63311,55764],{"class":105},[73,63313,404],{"class":315},[73,63315,149],{"class":105},[73,63317,409],{"class":315},[73,63319,149],{"class":105},[73,63321,9789],{"class":315},[73,63323,17661],{"class":105},[73,63325,528],{"class":105},[73,63327,1652],{"class":315},[73,63329,149],{"class":105},[73,63331,2047],{"class":315},[73,63333,52621],{"class":105},[73,63335,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63337,55764],{"class":105},[73,63339,404],{"class":315},[73,63341,149],{"class":105},[73,63343,409],{"class":315},[73,63345,149],{"class":105},[73,63347,9789],{"class":315},[73,63349,17661],{"class":105},[73,63351,528],{"class":105},[73,63353,1652],{"class":315},[73,63355,149],{"class":105},[73,63357,2047],{"class":315},[73,63359,52621],{"class":105},[20,63361,63362],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63364,63365,63366,817],{},"For more on this, see ",[587,63367,13388],{"href":13387},[59,63369,63371],{"id":63370},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63373,63374,63375,817],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63376,24380],{},[292,63378,63380],{"id":63379},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[64,63382,63384],{"className":66,"code":63383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63385,63386,63426],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63389,12460],{"class":79},[73,63391,84],{"class":83},[73,63393,10083],{"class":105},[73,63395,384],{"class":87},[73,63397,115],{"class":91},[73,63399,384],{"class":87},[73,63401,2475],{"class":105},[73,63403,88],{"class":87},[73,63405,7511],{"class":91},[73,63407,384],{"class":87},[73,63409,149],{"class":105},[73,63411,88],{"class":87},[73,63413,19490],{"class":91},[73,63415,384],{"class":87},[73,63417,2475],{"class":105},[73,63419,88],{"class":87},[73,63421,21844],{"class":91},[73,63423,384],{"class":87},[73,63425,8901],{"class":105},[73,63427,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63429,102],{"class":101},[73,63431,106],{"class":105},[73,63433,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63435,106],{"class":105},[73,63437,13223],{"class":114},[73,63439,118],{"class":105},[20,63441,1660],{},[64,63443,63445],{"className":66,"code":63444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63446,63447],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63448,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63450,138],{"class":105},[73,63452,141],{"class":87},[73,63454,115],{"class":91},[73,63456,141],{"class":87},[73,63458,149],{"class":105},[73,63460,152],{"class":87},[73,63462,19490],{"class":91},[73,63464,141],{"class":87},[73,63466,229],{"class":105},[292,63468,63470],{"id":63469},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[64,63472,63474],{"className":66,"code":63473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63475,63476,63516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63477,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63479,12460],{"class":79},[73,63481,84],{"class":83},[73,63483,10083],{"class":105},[73,63485,384],{"class":87},[73,63487,115],{"class":91},[73,63489,384],{"class":87},[73,63491,2475],{"class":105},[73,63493,88],{"class":87},[73,63495,7511],{"class":91},[73,63497,384],{"class":87},[73,63499,149],{"class":105},[73,63501,88],{"class":87},[73,63503,19490],{"class":91},[73,63505,384],{"class":87},[73,63507,2475],{"class":105},[73,63509,88],{"class":87},[73,63511,21844],{"class":91},[73,63513,384],{"class":87},[73,63515,8901],{"class":105},[73,63517,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63519,102],{"class":101},[73,63521,106],{"class":105},[73,63523,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63525,106],{"class":105},[73,63527,13223],{"class":114},[73,63529,817],{"class":105},[73,63531,4945],{"class":114},[73,63533,5878],{"class":105},[20,63535,1660],{},[64,63537,63539],{"className":66,"code":63538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63540,63541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63544,138],{"class":105},[73,63546,141],{"class":87},[73,63548,7511],{"class":91},[73,63550,141],{"class":87},[73,63552,149],{"class":105},[73,63554,152],{"class":87},[73,63556,21844],{"class":91},[73,63558,141],{"class":87},[73,63560,229],{"class":105},[292,63562,63564],{"id":63563},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[64,63566,63568],{"className":66,"code":63567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63569,63570,63610],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63573,12460],{"class":79},[73,63575,84],{"class":83},[73,63577,10083],{"class":105},[73,63579,384],{"class":87},[73,63581,115],{"class":91},[73,63583,384],{"class":87},[73,63585,2475],{"class":105},[73,63587,88],{"class":87},[73,63589,7511],{"class":91},[73,63591,384],{"class":87},[73,63593,149],{"class":105},[73,63595,88],{"class":87},[73,63597,19490],{"class":91},[73,63599,384],{"class":87},[73,63601,2475],{"class":105},[73,63603,88],{"class":87},[73,63605,21844],{"class":91},[73,63607,384],{"class":87},[73,63609,8901],{"class":105},[73,63611,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63613,102],{"class":101},[73,63615,106],{"class":105},[73,63617,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63619,106],{"class":105},[73,63621,13223],{"class":114},[73,63623,817],{"class":105},[73,63625,7400],{"class":114},[73,63627,5878],{"class":105},[20,63629,1660],{},[64,63631,63633],{"className":66,"code":63632,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63634,63635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63636,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63638,21339],{"class":105},[73,63640,141],{"class":87},[73,63642,115],{"class":91},[73,63644,141],{"class":87},[73,63646,149],{"class":105},[73,63648,152],{"class":87},[73,63650,7511],{"class":91},[73,63652,141],{"class":87},[73,63654,8825],{"class":105},[73,63656,8828],{"class":105},[73,63658,141],{"class":87},[73,63660,19490],{"class":91},[73,63662,141],{"class":87},[73,63664,149],{"class":105},[73,63666,152],{"class":87},[73,63668,21844],{"class":91},[73,63670,141],{"class":87},[73,63672,8841],{"class":105},[20,63674,63675],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[59,63677,63679],{"id":63678},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63681,121,63682,10193],{},[15,63683,24380],{},[30,63685,63686,63694,63703],{},[33,63687,63688,63689,2468,63691],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63690,52031],{},[15,63692,63693],{},"sort()",[33,63695,63696,63697,2468,63699,63702],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63698,35568],{},[15,63700,63701],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,63704,63705],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63707,45416,63708,2475],{},[15,63709,63701],{},[64,63711,63713],{"className":66,"code":63712,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63714,63715,63739,63755,63759,63782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63716,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63718,4585],{"class":79},[73,63720,84],{"class":83},[73,63722,528],{"class":105},[73,63724,384],{"class":87},[73,63726,12477],{"class":91},[73,63728,384],{"class":87},[73,63730,149],{"class":105},[73,63732,88],{"class":87},[73,63734,35310],{"class":91},[73,63736,384],{"class":87},[73,63738,229],{"class":105},[73,63740,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63742,4654],{"class":79},[73,63744,84],{"class":83},[73,63746,528],{"class":105},[73,63748,13100],{"class":315},[73,63750,149],{"class":105},[73,63752,13105],{"class":315},[73,63754,229],{"class":105},[73,63756,63757],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,63758,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,63762,8807],{"class":79},[73,63764,84],{"class":83},[73,63766,22159],{"class":1270},[73,63768,106],{"class":105},[73,63770,63771],{"class":101},"zip",[73,63773,106],{"class":105},[73,63775,4629],{"class":114},[73,63777,149],{"class":105},[73,63779,4701],{"class":114},[73,63781,118],{"class":105},[73,63783,63784,63786,63788,63790],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,63785,102],{"class":101},[73,63787,106],{"class":105},[73,63789,8854],{"class":114},[73,63791,854],{"class":105},[20,63793,1660],{},[64,63795,63797],{"className":66,"code":63796,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63798,63799],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63800,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63802,21339],{"class":105},[73,63804,141],{"class":87},[73,63806,12477],{"class":91},[73,63808,141],{"class":87},[73,63810,149],{"class":105},[73,63812,19497],{"class":315},[73,63814,8825],{"class":105},[73,63816,8828],{"class":105},[73,63818,141],{"class":87},[73,63820,35310],{"class":91},[73,63822,141],{"class":87},[73,63824,149],{"class":105},[73,63826,13105],{"class":315},[73,63828,8841],{"class":105},[20,63830,63831,63832,63834,63835,817],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63833,52031],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[587,63836,52428],{"href":52427},[59,63838,4107],{"id":4106},[20,63840,56155,63841,817],{},[15,63842,24380],{},[292,63844,63846],{"id":63845},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63848,4114],{},[64,63850,63852],{"className":66,"code":63851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63853,63854,63858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63855,63856],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63857,4124],{"class":3249},[73,63859,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,63861,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63863,106],{"class":105},[73,63865,404],{"class":315},[73,63867,149],{"class":105},[73,63869,409],{"class":315},[73,63871,149],{"class":105},[73,63873,414],{"class":315},[73,63875,854],{"class":105},[20,63877,63878,63880],{},[15,63879,24380],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63882,18293],{},[64,63884,63886],{"className":66,"code":63885,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63887,63888],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63891,102],{"class":101},[73,63893,106],{"class":105},[73,63895,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63897,5097],{"class":105},[73,63899,404],{"class":315},[73,63901,149],{"class":105},[73,63903,409],{"class":315},[73,63905,149],{"class":105},[73,63907,414],{"class":315},[73,63909,2503],{"class":105},[292,63911,63913,63914],{"id":63912},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[73,63915,63916],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63918,63919],{},"This is a common surprise:",[64,63921,63923],{"className":66,"code":63922,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63924,63925],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63928,102],{"class":101},[73,63930,106],{"class":105},[73,63932,7684],{"class":1270},[73,63934,106],{"class":105},[73,63936,384],{"class":87},[73,63938,92],{"class":91},[73,63940,384],{"class":87},[73,63942,118],{"class":105},[20,63944,1660],{},[64,63946,63948],{"className":66,"code":63947,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63949,63950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63951,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63953,138],{"class":105},[73,63955,141],{"class":87},[73,63957,59819],{"class":91},[73,63959,141],{"class":87},[73,63961,149],{"class":105},[73,63963,152],{"class":87},[73,63965,59828],{"class":91},[73,63967,141],{"class":87},[73,63969,149],{"class":105},[73,63971,152],{"class":87},[73,63973,59837],{"class":91},[73,63975,141],{"class":87},[73,63977,149],{"class":105},[73,63979,152],{"class":87},[73,63981,59837],{"class":91},[73,63983,141],{"class":87},[73,63985,149],{"class":105},[73,63987,152],{"class":87},[73,63989,59854],{"class":91},[73,63991,141],{"class":87},[73,63993,229],{"class":105},[20,63995,63996],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63998,63999],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[64,64001,64003],{"className":66,"code":64002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64004,64005],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64006,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64008,102],{"class":101},[73,64010,401],{"class":105},[73,64012,384],{"class":87},[73,64014,92],{"class":91},[73,64016,384],{"class":87},[73,64018,3475],{"class":105},[292,64020,64022],{"id":64021},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64024,64025],{},"This:",[64,64027,64029],{"className":66,"code":64028,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64030,64031,64063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64032,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64034,8757],{"class":79},[73,64036,84],{"class":83},[73,64038,10083],{"class":105},[73,64040,384],{"class":87},[73,64042,587],{"class":91},[73,64044,384],{"class":87},[73,64046,2475],{"class":105},[73,64048,5084],{"class":315},[73,64050,149],{"class":105},[73,64052,88],{"class":87},[73,64054,4350],{"class":91},[73,64056,384],{"class":87},[73,64058,2475],{"class":105},[73,64060,409],{"class":315},[73,64062,8901],{"class":105},[73,64064,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64066,102],{"class":101},[73,64068,106],{"class":105},[73,64070,7684],{"class":1270},[73,64072,106],{"class":105},[73,64074,8796],{"class":114},[73,64076,118],{"class":105},[20,64078,64079],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64081,121,64082,64085],{},[15,64083,64084],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[292,64087,64089],{"id":64088},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64091,64092,64094],{},[15,64093,24380],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64096,64097],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[59,64099,1405],{"id":1404},[292,64101,1419,64103,64105],{"id":64102},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[73,64104],{}," and list()?",[20,64107,64108,64109,64111,64112,64114],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64110,3373],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64113,24380],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[292,64116,64118],{"id":64117},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64120,64121,64122,64124],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64123,24380],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[292,64126,64128],{"id":64127},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64130,64131],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[292,64133,64135],{"id":64134},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64137,64138],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[292,64140,64142],{"id":64141},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64144,64145,64146,64148],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64147,24380],{}," cannot loop through it.",[59,64150,1461],{"id":1460},[30,64152,64153,64157,64162,64166,64170,64174,64178,64183],{},[33,64154,64155],{},[587,64156,52150],{"href":50357},[33,64158,64159],{},[587,64160,64161],{"href":35565},"Python range() function explained",[33,64163,64164],{},[587,64165,62599],{"href":62598},[33,64167,64168],{},[587,64169,62931],{"href":62930},[33,64171,64172],{},[587,64173,4804],{"href":5173},[33,64175,64176],{},[587,64177,13388],{"href":13387},[33,64179,64180],{},[587,64181,64182],{"href":51978},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64184,64185],{},[587,64186,53657],{"href":52427},[1500,64188,64189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":64191},[64192,64193,64194,64195,64196,64203,64204,64205,64210,64211,64218,64226],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":62301,"depth":98,"text":62302},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":59000,"depth":98,"text":59001},{"id":62529,"depth":98,"text":62530,"children":64197},[64198,64199,64200,64201,64202],{"id":62533,"depth":332,"text":62534},{"id":62602,"depth":332,"text":62603},{"id":62680,"depth":332,"text":62681},{"id":62755,"depth":332,"text":62756},{"id":62822,"depth":332,"text":62823},{"id":62934,"depth":98,"text":62935},{"id":63070,"depth":98,"text":63071},{"id":63370,"depth":98,"text":63371,"children":64206},[64207,64208,64209],{"id":63379,"depth":332,"text":63380},{"id":63469,"depth":332,"text":63470},{"id":63563,"depth":332,"text":63564},{"id":63678,"depth":98,"text":63679},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":64212},[64213,64214,64216,64217],{"id":63845,"depth":332,"text":63846},{"id":63912,"depth":332,"text":64215},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64021,"depth":332,"text":64022},{"id":64088,"depth":332,"text":64089},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":64219},[64220,64222,64223,64224,64225],{"id":64102,"depth":332,"text":64221},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64117,"depth":332,"text":64118},{"id":64127,"depth":332,"text":64128},{"id":64134,"depth":332,"text":64135},{"id":64141,"depth":332,"text":64142},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62135,"description":64227},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64234,"title":64235,"body":64236,"description":65587,"extension":1552,"meta":65588,"navigation":335,"path":65589,"seo":65590,"stem":65591,"__hash__":65592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64237,"toc":65561},[64238,64243,64249,64258,64260,64333,64342,64347,64351,64367,64371,64373,64375,64394,64397,64425,64428,64453,64461,64463,64468,64475,64477,64534,64536,64544,64550,64554,64557,64630,64632,64640,64643,64666,64673,64679,64683,64689,64760,64762,64770,64779,64786,64793,64801,64945,64947,64964,64967,65006,65009,65013,65018,65020,65079,65085,65088,65195,65197,65212,65215,65222,65224,65228,65376,65379,65440,65443,65446,65467,65472,65476,65487,65490,65492,65497,65500,65508,65513,65519,65522,65528,65536,65538,65558],[10,64239,53721,64241,10916],{"id":64240},"python-list-index-method",[15,64242,58348],{},[20,64244,64245,64248],{},[15,64246,64247],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64250,64251,64252,64255,64256,817],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[55,64253,64254],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64257,40077],{},[59,64259,3195],{"id":3194},[64,64261,64263],{"className":66,"code":64262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64264,64265,64297,64320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64268,7369],{"class":79},[73,64270,84],{"class":83},[73,64272,528],{"class":105},[73,64274,384],{"class":87},[73,64276,3666],{"class":91},[73,64278,384],{"class":87},[73,64280,149],{"class":105},[73,64282,88],{"class":87},[73,64284,3675],{"class":91},[73,64286,384],{"class":87},[73,64288,149],{"class":105},[73,64290,88],{"class":87},[73,64292,3684],{"class":91},[73,64294,384],{"class":87},[73,64296,229],{"class":105},[73,64298,64299,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64300,64301],{"class":79},"position ",[73,64303,84],{"class":83},[73,64305,5553],{"class":79},[73,64307,817],{"class":105},[73,64309,35215],{"class":114},[73,64311,106],{"class":105},[73,64313,384],{"class":87},[73,64315,3675],{"class":91},[73,64317,384],{"class":87},[73,64319,854],{"class":105},[73,64321,64322,64324,64326,64329,64331],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64323,102],{"class":101},[73,64325,106],{"class":105},[73,64327,64328],{"class":114},"position",[73,64330,3246],{"class":105},[73,64332,27376],{"class":3249},[20,64334,121,64335,64338,64339,64341],{},[15,64336,64337],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64340,40077],{}," if the item is not found.",[59,64343,236,64345,239],{"id":64344},"what-listindex-does",[15,64346,64247],{},[20,64348,64349,2475],{},[15,64350,64247],{},[30,64352,64353,64356,64359,64364],{},[33,64354,64355],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64357,64358],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64360,64361,64362],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64363,1710],{},[33,64365,64366],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64368,53946,64369,817],{},[587,64370,52150],{"href":53949},[59,64372,285],{"id":284},[20,64374,30323],{},[64,64376,64378],{"className":66,"code":64377,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64379,64380],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64381,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64383,7930],{"class":79},[73,64385,817],{"class":105},[73,64387,35215],{"class":114},[73,64389,106],{"class":105},[73,64391,2063],{"class":114},[73,64393,854],{"class":105},[20,64395,64396],{},"You can also limit the search:",[64,64398,64400],{"className":66,"code":64399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64401,64402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64403,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64423],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64405,7930],{"class":79},[73,64407,817],{"class":105},[73,64409,35215],{"class":114},[73,64411,106],{"class":105},[73,64413,2063],{"class":114},[73,64415,149],{"class":105},[73,64417,35421],{"class":114},[73,64419,149],{"class":105},[73,64421,64422],{"class":114}," end",[73,64424,854],{"class":105},[20,64426,64427],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64429,64430,64435,64440,64445],{},[33,64431,64432,64434],{},[15,64433,2063],{},": the item to search for",[33,64436,64437,64439],{},[15,64438,35442],{},": where the search begins",[33,64441,64442,64444],{},[15,64443,52039],{},": where the search stops",[33,64446,64447,4373,64449,64452],{},[15,64448,52039],{},[55,64450,64451],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64454,64455,64456,64458,64459,817],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64457,35442],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64460,52039],{},[59,64462,37392],{"id":37391},[20,64464,64465,64467],{},[15,64466,64247],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64469,64470,64471,64474],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[55,64472,64473],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64476,714],{},[64,64478,64480],{"className":66,"code":64479,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64481,64482,64502,64520,64524],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64483,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64485,523],{"class":79},[73,64487,84],{"class":83},[73,64489,528],{"class":105},[73,64491,1920],{"class":315},[73,64493,149],{"class":105},[73,64495,7380],{"class":315},[73,64497,149],{"class":105},[73,64499,7385],{"class":315},[73,64501,229],{"class":105},[73,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64505,1819],{"class":79},[73,64507,84],{"class":83},[73,64509,3851],{"class":79},[73,64511,817],{"class":105},[73,64513,35215],{"class":114},[73,64515,106],{"class":105},[73,64517,15352],{"class":315},[73,64519,854],{"class":105},[73,64521,64522],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64523,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,64525,64526,64528,64530,64532],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,64527,102],{"class":101},[73,64529,106],{"class":105},[73,64531,1854],{"class":114},[73,64533,854],{"class":105},[20,64535,1660],{},[64,64537,64538],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,64539,64540],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64541,64542],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64543,46293],{"class":315},[20,64545,64546,64547,64549],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64548,58348],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[59,64551,64553],{"id":64552},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64555,64556],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[64,64558,64560],{"className":66,"code":64559,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64561,64562,64594,64616,64620],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64563,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64565,35609],{"class":79},[73,64567,84],{"class":83},[73,64569,528],{"class":105},[73,64571,384],{"class":87},[73,64573,3666],{"class":91},[73,64575,384],{"class":87},[73,64577,149],{"class":105},[73,64579,88],{"class":87},[73,64581,3675],{"class":91},[73,64583,384],{"class":87},[73,64585,149],{"class":105},[73,64587,88],{"class":87},[73,64589,3684],{"class":91},[73,64591,384],{"class":87},[73,64593,229],{"class":105},[73,64595,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64597,64301],{"class":79},[73,64599,84],{"class":83},[73,64601,52230],{"class":79},[73,64603,817],{"class":105},[73,64605,35215],{"class":114},[73,64607,106],{"class":105},[73,64609,384],{"class":87},[73,64611,3684],{"class":91},[73,64613,384],{"class":87},[73,64615,854],{"class":105},[73,64617,64618],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64619,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,64621,64622,64624,64626,64628],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,64623,102],{"class":101},[73,64625,106],{"class":105},[73,64627,64328],{"class":114},[73,64629,854],{"class":105},[20,64631,1660],{},[64,64633,64634],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,64635,64636],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64637,64638],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64639,16655],{"class":315},[20,64641,64642],{},"In this list:",[30,64644,64645,64652,64659],{},[33,64646,64647,64649,64650],{},[15,64648,57213],{}," is at index ",[15,64651,1710],{},[33,64653,64654,64649,64657],{},[15,64655,64656],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64658,404],{},[33,64660,64661,64649,64664],{},[15,64662,64663],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64665,1646],{},[20,64667,53032,64668,1987,64671,817],{},[15,64669,64670],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64672,1646],{},[20,64674,50921,64675,817],{},[587,64676,64678],{"href":64677},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[59,64680,64682],{"id":64681},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64684,64685,64686,64688],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64687,58348],{}," returns the first match only.",[64,64690,64692],{"className":66,"code":64691,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64693,64694,64734,64738],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64695,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64697,12673],{"class":79},[73,64699,84],{"class":83},[73,64701,528],{"class":105},[73,64703,384],{"class":87},[73,64705,12690],{"class":91},[73,64707,384],{"class":87},[73,64709,149],{"class":105},[73,64711,88],{"class":87},[73,64713,12707],{"class":91},[73,64715,384],{"class":87},[73,64717,149],{"class":105},[73,64719,88],{"class":87},[73,64721,12690],{"class":91},[73,64723,384],{"class":87},[73,64725,149],{"class":105},[73,64727,88],{"class":87},[73,64729,17054],{"class":91},[73,64731,384],{"class":87},[73,64733,229],{"class":105},[73,64735,64736],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64737,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,64739,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64741,102],{"class":101},[73,64743,106],{"class":105},[73,64745,17101],{"class":114},[73,64747,817],{"class":105},[73,64749,35215],{"class":114},[73,64751,106],{"class":105},[73,64753,384],{"class":87},[73,64755,12690],{"class":91},[73,64757,384],{"class":87},[73,64759,118],{"class":105},[20,64761,1660],{},[64,64763,64764],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,64765,64766],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64767,64768],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64769,46628],{"class":315},[20,64771,20577,64772,64775,64776,64778],{},[15,64773,64774],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64777,1710],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64780,64781,64782,817],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[587,64783,54899,64784,10333],{"href":58407},[15,64785,56670],{},[59,64787,438,64789,355,64791],{"id":64788},"using-start-and-end",[15,64790,35442],{},[15,64792,52039],{},[20,64794,64795,64796,355,64798,64800],{},"The optional ",[15,64797,35442],{},[15,64799,52039],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[64,64802,64804],{"className":66,"code":64803,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64805,64806,64854,64858,64883,64912],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64807,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64809,35460],{"class":79},[73,64811,84],{"class":83},[73,64813,528],{"class":105},[73,64815,384],{"class":87},[73,64817,587],{"class":91},[73,64819,384],{"class":87},[73,64821,149],{"class":105},[73,64823,88],{"class":87},[73,64825,4350],{"class":91},[73,64827,384],{"class":87},[73,64829,149],{"class":105},[73,64831,88],{"class":87},[73,64833,9332],{"class":91},[73,64835,384],{"class":87},[73,64837,149],{"class":105},[73,64839,88],{"class":87},[73,64841,4350],{"class":91},[73,64843,384],{"class":87},[73,64845,149],{"class":105},[73,64847,88],{"class":87},[73,64849,18366],{"class":91},[73,64851,384],{"class":87},[73,64853,229],{"class":105},[73,64855,64856],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64857,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,64859,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64861,102],{"class":101},[73,64863,106],{"class":105},[73,64865,35513],{"class":114},[73,64867,817],{"class":105},[73,64869,35215],{"class":114},[73,64871,106],{"class":105},[73,64873,384],{"class":87},[73,64875,4350],{"class":91},[73,64877,384],{"class":87},[73,64879,4948],{"class":105},[73,64881,64882],{"class":3249},"        # first match\n",[73,64884,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,64886,102],{"class":101},[73,64888,106],{"class":105},[73,64890,35513],{"class":114},[73,64892,817],{"class":105},[73,64894,35215],{"class":114},[73,64896,106],{"class":105},[73,64898,384],{"class":87},[73,64900,4350],{"class":91},[73,64902,384],{"class":87},[73,64904,149],{"class":105},[73,64906,409],{"class":315},[73,64908,4948],{"class":105},[73,64910,64911],{"class":3249},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[73,64913,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,64915,102],{"class":101},[73,64917,106],{"class":105},[73,64919,35513],{"class":114},[73,64921,817],{"class":105},[73,64923,35215],{"class":114},[73,64925,106],{"class":105},[73,64927,384],{"class":87},[73,64929,4350],{"class":91},[73,64931,384],{"class":87},[73,64933,149],{"class":105},[73,64935,5084],{"class":315},[73,64937,149],{"class":105},[73,64939,2047],{"class":315},[73,64941,4948],{"class":105},[73,64943,64944],{"class":3249},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64946,1660],{},[64,64948,64950],{"className":66,"code":64949,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64951,64952,64956,64960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64953,64954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64955,46293],{"class":315},[73,64957,64958],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,64959,45993],{"class":315},[73,64961,64962],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,64963,46293],{"class":315},[20,64965,64966],{},"How this works:",[30,64968,64969,64981,64994],{},[33,64970,64971,64974,64975,64978,64979],{},[15,64972,64973],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64976,64977],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64980,404],{},[33,64982,64983,64986,64987,64989,64990,64978,64992],{},[15,64984,64985],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64988,1646],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64991,64977],{},[15,64993,1652],{},[33,64995,64996,64999,65000,995,65002,1002,65004],{},[15,64997,64998],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65001,404],{},[15,65003,1646],{},[15,65005,1652],{},[20,65007,65008],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[59,65010,65012],{"id":65011},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65014,65015,65016,817],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65017,40077],{},[20,65019,714],{},[64,65021,65023],{"className":66,"code":65022,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65024,65025,65057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65026,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65028,7369],{"class":79},[73,65030,84],{"class":83},[73,65032,528],{"class":105},[73,65034,384],{"class":87},[73,65036,3666],{"class":91},[73,65038,384],{"class":87},[73,65040,149],{"class":105},[73,65042,88],{"class":87},[73,65044,3675],{"class":91},[73,65046,384],{"class":87},[73,65048,149],{"class":105},[73,65050,88],{"class":87},[73,65052,3684],{"class":91},[73,65054,384],{"class":87},[73,65056,229],{"class":105},[73,65058,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65060,102],{"class":101},[73,65062,106],{"class":105},[73,65064,7400],{"class":114},[73,65066,817],{"class":105},[73,65068,35215],{"class":114},[73,65070,106],{"class":105},[73,65072,384],{"class":87},[73,65074,32818],{"class":91},[73,65076,384],{"class":87},[73,65078,118],{"class":105},[20,65080,39026,65081,65084],{},[15,65082,65083],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65086,65087],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[64,65089,65091],{"className":66,"code":65090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65092,65093,65125,65138,65142,65155,65174,65180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65094,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65096,7369],{"class":79},[73,65098,84],{"class":83},[73,65100,528],{"class":105},[73,65102,384],{"class":87},[73,65104,3666],{"class":91},[73,65106,384],{"class":87},[73,65108,149],{"class":105},[73,65110,88],{"class":87},[73,65112,3675],{"class":91},[73,65114,384],{"class":87},[73,65116,149],{"class":105},[73,65118,88],{"class":87},[73,65120,3684],{"class":91},[73,65122,384],{"class":87},[73,65124,229],{"class":105},[73,65126,65127,65130,65132,65134,65136],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65128,65129],{"class":79},"search_value ",[73,65131,84],{"class":83},[73,65133,88],{"class":87},[73,65135,32818],{"class":91},[73,65137,95],{"class":87},[73,65139,65140],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,65141,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,65143,65144,65146,65149,65151,65153],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,65145,6588],{"class":646},[73,65147,65148],{"class":79}," search_value ",[73,65150,3469],{"class":83},[73,65152,5553],{"class":79},[73,65154,5982],{"class":105},[73,65156,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65172],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,65158,7659],{"class":101},[73,65160,106],{"class":105},[73,65162,7400],{"class":114},[73,65164,817],{"class":105},[73,65166,35215],{"class":114},[73,65168,106],{"class":105},[73,65170,65171],{"class":114},"search_value",[73,65173,118],{"class":105},[73,65175,65176,65178],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,65177,27030],{"class":646},[73,65179,5982],{"class":105},[73,65181,65182,65184,65186,65188,65191,65193],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,65183,7659],{"class":101},[73,65185,106],{"class":105},[73,65187,384],{"class":87},[73,65189,65190],{"class":91},"Item not found",[73,65192,384],{"class":87},[73,65194,854],{"class":105},[20,65196,1660],{},[64,65198,65200],{"className":66,"code":65199,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Item not found\n",[15,65201,65202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65203,65204,65207,65209],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65205,65206],{"class":79},"Item ",[73,65208,806],{"class":83},[73,65210,65211],{"class":79}," found\n",[20,65213,65214],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65216,65217,65218,817],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[587,65219,65221],{"href":65220},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[59,65223,4107],{"id":4106},[20,65225,20811,65226,2475],{},[15,65227,64247],{},[30,65229,65230,65248,65260,65320],{},[33,65231,25371,65232,1987,65234,65237,65238,65240,65241,4750,65243,65245,65246,817],{},[15,65233,58348],{},[15,65235,65236],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[1103,65239],{},"\nPython does ",[55,65242,806],{},[15,65244,65236],{},". It raises ",[15,65247,40077],{},[33,65249,65250,65251,65253,65256,65257,65259],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[1103,65252],{},[15,65254,65255],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65258,64656],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65261,438,65262,10685,65265,65267,65269,65270,16254,65272,65295,16242,65297],{},[15,65263,65264],{},"index[]",[15,65266,58348],{},[1103,65268],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[1103,65271],{},[64,65273,65275],{"className":66,"code":65274,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65276,65277],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65278,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65280,7400],{"class":79},[73,65282,817],{"class":105},[73,65284,35215],{"class":114},[73,65286,106],{"class":105},[73,65288,384],{"class":87},[73,65290,3675],{"class":91},[73,65292,384],{"class":87},[73,65294,854],{"class":105},[1103,65296],{},[64,65298,65300],{"className":66,"code":65299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65301,65302],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65303,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65305,7400],{"class":79},[73,65307,817],{"class":105},[73,65309,35215],{"class":851},[73,65311,138],{"class":105},[73,65313,384],{"class":87},[73,65315,3675],{"class":91},[73,65317,384],{"class":87},[73,65319,229],{"class":105},[33,65321,65322,65323,65325,355,65328,65330,65331],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[1103,65324],{},[15,65326,65327],{},"\"3\"",[15,65329,1652],{}," are different values in Python.",[64,65332,65334],{"className":66,"code":65333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65335,65336,65356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65337,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65339,523],{"class":79},[73,65341,84],{"class":83},[73,65343,528],{"class":105},[73,65345,404],{"class":315},[73,65347,149],{"class":105},[73,65349,409],{"class":315},[73,65351,149],{"class":105},[73,65353,414],{"class":315},[73,65355,229],{"class":105},[73,65357,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65359,102],{"class":101},[73,65361,106],{"class":105},[73,65363,384],{"class":87},[73,65365,1652],{"class":91},[73,65367,384],{"class":87},[73,65369,20773],{"class":646},[73,65371,3851],{"class":114},[73,65373,3246],{"class":105},[73,65375,4361],{"class":3249},[20,65377,65378],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[64,65380,65382],{"className":66,"code":65381,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65383,65384,65394,65408,65422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65385,65386,65388,65390,65392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65387,102],{"class":101},[73,65389,106],{"class":105},[73,65391,7930],{"class":114},[73,65393,854],{"class":105},[73,65395,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65397,102],{"class":101},[73,65399,106],{"class":105},[73,65401,1271],{"class":1270},[73,65403,106],{"class":105},[73,65405,65171],{"class":114},[73,65407,118],{"class":105},[73,65409,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,65411,102],{"class":101},[73,65413,106],{"class":105},[73,65415,65129],{"class":114},[73,65417,3469],{"class":646},[73,65419,7987],{"class":114},[73,65421,854],{"class":105},[73,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,65425,102],{"class":101},[73,65427,106],{"class":105},[73,65429,7930],{"class":114},[73,65431,817],{"class":105},[73,65433,35215],{"class":114},[73,65435,106],{"class":105},[73,65437,65171],{"class":114},[73,65439,118],{"class":105},[20,65441,65442],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65444,65445],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65447,65448,65451,65458,65464],{},[33,65449,65450],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65452,65453,65454,10685,65456],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65455,65327],{},[15,65457,1652],{},[33,65459,65460,65461,65463],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65462,58348],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65465,65466],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[59,65468,4551,65470],{"id":65469},"when-to-use-index",[15,65471,58348],{},[20,65473,121,65474,10193],{},[15,65475,58348],{},[30,65477,65478,65481,65484],{},[33,65479,65480],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65482,65483],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65485,65486],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65488,65489],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[59,65491,1405],{"id":1404},[292,65493,1409,65495,1412],{"id":65494},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65496,64247],{},[20,65498,65499],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[292,65501,12300,65503,4750,65505,65507],{"id":65502},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65504,64247],{},[15,65506,65236],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65509,65510,65511,6221],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65512,40077],{},[292,65514,1446,65516,65518],{"id":65515},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65517,64247],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65520,65521],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[292,65523,65525,65526,1424],{"id":65524},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65527,58348],{},[20,65529,65530,65531,355,65533,65535],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65532,35442],{},[15,65534,52039],{}," arguments.",[59,65537,1461],{"id":1460},[30,65539,65540,65544,65548,65552],{},[33,65541,65542],{},[587,65543,58336],{"href":64677},[33,65545,65546],{},[587,65547,52150],{"href":53949},[33,65549,65550],{},[587,65551,65221],{"href":65220},[33,65553,65554],{},[587,65555,54899,65556,10333],{"href":58407},[15,65557,56670],{},[1500,65559,65560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":65562},[65563,65564,65566,65567,65568,65569,65570,65572,65573,65574,65576,65586],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":64344,"depth":98,"text":65565},"What list.index() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":37391,"depth":98,"text":37392},{"id":64552,"depth":98,"text":64553},{"id":64681,"depth":98,"text":64682},{"id":64788,"depth":98,"text":65571},"Using start and end",{"id":65011,"depth":98,"text":65012},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107},{"id":65469,"depth":98,"text":65575},"When to use index()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":65577},[65578,65580,65582,65584],{"id":65494,"depth":332,"text":65579},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65502,"depth":332,"text":65581},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65515,"depth":332,"text":65583},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65524,"depth":332,"text":65585},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64235,"description":65587},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65594,"title":65595,"body":65596,"description":67538,"extension":1552,"meta":67539,"navigation":335,"path":67540,"seo":67541,"stem":67542,"__hash__":67543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65597,"toc":67498},[65598,65603,65608,65611,65620,65677,65683,65688,65692,65706,65712,65714,65737,65754,65756,65817,65819,65851,65864,65866,65869,65969,65971,66049,66055,66059,66067,66071,66077,66132,66134,66158,66162,66165,66218,66220,66244,66248,66251,66304,66306,66330,66334,66340,66411,66413,66454,66460,66467,66470,66475,66483,66488,66496,66498,66595,66597,66666,66673,66678,66680,66684,66689,66691,66762,66764,66793,66799,66801,66828,66831,66854,66858,66861,66883,66886,66909,66911,66971,66973,67005,67011,67016,67069,67071,67096,67099,67148,67150,67171,67175,67180,67183,67238,67240,67267,67274,67278,67283,67354,67357,67371,67376,67381,67383,67397,67409,67414,67416,67421,67426,67430,67433,67439,67445,67452,67460,67462,67495],[10,65599,53721,65601,10916],{"id":65600},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65602,53647],{},[20,65604,65605,65607],{},[15,65606,53290],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65609,65610],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65612,121,65613,65615,65616,817],{},[15,65614,53647],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[587,65617,54899,65618,10333],{"href":56148},[15,65619,52031],{},[64,65621,65623],{"className":66,"code":65622,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65624,65625,65645,65663,65673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65626,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65628,523],{"class":79},[73,65630,84],{"class":83},[73,65632,528],{"class":105},[73,65634,404],{"class":315},[73,65636,149],{"class":105},[73,65638,409],{"class":315},[73,65640,149],{"class":105},[73,65642,2047],{"class":315},[73,65644,229],{"class":105},[73,65646,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65648,553],{"class":79},[73,65650,817],{"class":105},[73,65652,53330],{"class":114},[73,65654,106],{"class":105},[73,65656,1646],{"class":315},[73,65658,149],{"class":105},[73,65660,414],{"class":315},[73,65662,854],{"class":105},[73,65664,65665,65667,65669,65671],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,65666,102],{"class":101},[73,65668,106],{"class":105},[73,65670,553],{"class":114},[73,65672,854],{"class":105},[73,65674,65675],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,65676,52102],{"class":3249},[20,65678,121,65679,65682],{},[15,65680,65681],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[59,65684,236,65686,239],{"id":65685},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65687,53290],{},[20,65689,65690,2475],{},[15,65691,53290],{},[30,65693,65694,65697,65700,65702],{},[33,65695,65696],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,65698,65699],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,65701,53807],{},[33,65703,11018,65704],{},[15,65705,3364],{},[20,65707,65708,65709,65711],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65710,53647],{}," does not create a new list.",[59,65713,5018],{"id":5017},[64,65715,65717],{"className":66,"code":65716,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65718,65719],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65720,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65722,7930],{"class":79},[73,65724,817],{"class":105},[73,65726,53330],{"class":114},[73,65728,106],{"class":105},[73,65730,35215],{"class":114},[73,65732,149],{"class":105},[73,65734,29104],{"class":114},[73,65736,854],{"class":105},[30,65738,65739,65744,65749],{},[33,65740,65741,65743],{},[15,65742,35215],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,65745,65746,65748],{},[15,65747,22910],{}," is the value to add",[33,65750,65751,65752],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65753,1710],{},[20,65755,714],{},[64,65757,65759],{"className":66,"code":65758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65760,65761,65785,65807],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65762,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65764,35460],{"class":79},[73,65766,84],{"class":83},[73,65768,528],{"class":105},[73,65770,384],{"class":87},[73,65772,587],{"class":91},[73,65774,384],{"class":87},[73,65776,149],{"class":105},[73,65778,88],{"class":87},[73,65780,9332],{"class":91},[73,65782,384],{"class":87},[73,65784,229],{"class":105},[73,65786,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65788,35513],{"class":79},[73,65790,817],{"class":105},[73,65792,53330],{"class":114},[73,65794,106],{"class":105},[73,65796,404],{"class":315},[73,65798,149],{"class":105},[73,65800,88],{"class":87},[73,65802,4350],{"class":91},[73,65804,384],{"class":87},[73,65806,854],{"class":105},[73,65808,65809,65811,65813,65815],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,65810,102],{"class":101},[73,65812,106],{"class":105},[73,65814,35513],{"class":114},[73,65816,854],{"class":105},[20,65818,1660],{},[64,65820,65821],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,65822,65823],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65824,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65826,138],{"class":105},[73,65828,141],{"class":87},[73,65830,587],{"class":91},[73,65832,141],{"class":87},[73,65834,149],{"class":105},[73,65836,152],{"class":87},[73,65838,4350],{"class":91},[73,65840,141],{"class":87},[73,65842,149],{"class":105},[73,65844,152],{"class":87},[73,65846,9332],{"class":91},[73,65848,141],{"class":87},[73,65850,229],{"class":105},[20,65852,20370,65853,65855,65856,65858,65859,355,65861,817],{},[15,65854,64977],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65857,404],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65860,17695],{},[15,65862,65863],{},"\"c\"",[59,65865,5374],{"id":5373},[20,65867,65868],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[64,65870,65872],{"className":66,"code":65871,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65873,65874,65906,65924,65928,65950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65875,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65877,12673],{"class":79},[73,65879,84],{"class":83},[73,65881,528],{"class":105},[73,65883,384],{"class":87},[73,65885,12690],{"class":91},[73,65887,384],{"class":87},[73,65889,149],{"class":105},[73,65891,88],{"class":87},[73,65893,12707],{"class":91},[73,65895,384],{"class":87},[73,65897,149],{"class":105},[73,65899,88],{"class":87},[73,65901,17054],{"class":91},[73,65903,384],{"class":87},[73,65905,229],{"class":105},[73,65907,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,65909,102],{"class":101},[73,65911,106],{"class":105},[73,65913,384],{"class":87},[73,65915,11158],{"class":91},[73,65917,384],{"class":87},[73,65919,149],{"class":105},[73,65921,12721],{"class":114},[73,65923,854],{"class":105},[73,65925,65926],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,65927,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,65929,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,65931,17101],{"class":79},[73,65933,817],{"class":105},[73,65935,53330],{"class":114},[73,65937,106],{"class":105},[73,65939,404],{"class":315},[73,65941,149],{"class":105},[73,65943,88],{"class":87},[73,65945,22123],{"class":91},[73,65947,384],{"class":87},[73,65949,854],{"class":105},[73,65951,65952,65954,65956,65958,65961,65963,65965,65967],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,65953,102],{"class":101},[73,65955,106],{"class":105},[73,65957,384],{"class":87},[73,65959,65960],{"class":91},"After: ",[73,65962,384],{"class":87},[73,65964,149],{"class":105},[73,65966,12721],{"class":114},[73,65968,854],{"class":105},[20,65970,1660],{},[64,65972,65974],{"className":66,"code":65973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65975,65976,66008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65977,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65979,11218],{"class":79},[73,65981,2475],{"class":105},[73,65983,528],{"class":105},[73,65985,141],{"class":87},[73,65987,12690],{"class":91},[73,65989,141],{"class":87},[73,65991,149],{"class":105},[73,65993,152],{"class":87},[73,65995,12707],{"class":91},[73,65997,141],{"class":87},[73,65999,149],{"class":105},[73,66001,152],{"class":87},[73,66003,17054],{"class":91},[73,66005,141],{"class":87},[73,66007,229],{"class":105},[73,66009,66010,66012,66014,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66011,11271],{"class":79},[73,66013,2475],{"class":105},[73,66015,66016],{"class":105},"  [",[73,66018,141],{"class":87},[73,66020,12690],{"class":91},[73,66022,141],{"class":87},[73,66024,149],{"class":105},[73,66026,152],{"class":87},[73,66028,22123],{"class":91},[73,66030,141],{"class":87},[73,66032,149],{"class":105},[73,66034,152],{"class":87},[73,66036,12707],{"class":91},[73,66038,141],{"class":87},[73,66040,149],{"class":105},[73,66042,152],{"class":87},[73,66044,17054],{"class":91},[73,66046,141],{"class":87},[73,66048,229],{"class":105},[20,66050,66051,66052,66054],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66053,404],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[59,66056,66058],{"id":66057},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66060,1569,66061,1132,66063,66066],{},[15,66062,35215],{},[15,66064,66065],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[292,66068,66070],{"id":66069},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66072,66073,66074,66076],{},"Use index ",[15,66075,1710],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[64,66078,66080],{"className":66,"code":66079,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66081,66082,66103,66122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66083,66084,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66085,66086],{"class":79},"nums ",[73,66088,84],{"class":83},[73,66090,528],{"class":105},[73,66092,1646],{"class":315},[73,66094,149],{"class":105},[73,66096,414],{"class":315},[73,66098,149],{"class":105},[73,66100,2047],{"class":315},[73,66102,229],{"class":105},[73,66104,66105,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66106,66107],{"class":79},"nums",[73,66109,817],{"class":105},[73,66111,53330],{"class":114},[73,66113,106],{"class":105},[73,66115,1710],{"class":315},[73,66117,149],{"class":105},[73,66119,5084],{"class":315},[73,66121,854],{"class":105},[73,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66125,102],{"class":101},[73,66127,106],{"class":105},[73,66129,66107],{"class":114},[73,66131,854],{"class":105},[20,66133,1660],{},[64,66135,66136],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66137,66138],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66139,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66141,138],{"class":105},[73,66143,404],{"class":315},[73,66145,149],{"class":105},[73,66147,409],{"class":315},[73,66149,149],{"class":105},[73,66151,414],{"class":315},[73,66153,149],{"class":105},[73,66155,2047],{"class":315},[73,66157,229],{"class":105},[292,66159,66161],{"id":66160},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66163,66164],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[64,66166,66168],{"className":66,"code":66167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66169,66170,66190,66208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66171,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66173,66086],{"class":79},[73,66175,84],{"class":83},[73,66177,528],{"class":105},[73,66179,404],{"class":315},[73,66181,149],{"class":105},[73,66183,409],{"class":315},[73,66185,149],{"class":105},[73,66187,2047],{"class":315},[73,66189,229],{"class":105},[73,66191,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66193,66107],{"class":79},[73,66195,817],{"class":105},[73,66197,53330],{"class":114},[73,66199,106],{"class":105},[73,66201,1646],{"class":315},[73,66203,149],{"class":105},[73,66205,414],{"class":315},[73,66207,854],{"class":105},[73,66209,66210,66212,66214,66216],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66211,102],{"class":101},[73,66213,106],{"class":105},[73,66215,66107],{"class":114},[73,66217,854],{"class":105},[20,66219,1660],{},[64,66221,66222],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66223,66224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66225,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66227,138],{"class":105},[73,66229,404],{"class":315},[73,66231,149],{"class":105},[73,66233,409],{"class":315},[73,66235,149],{"class":105},[73,66237,414],{"class":315},[73,66239,149],{"class":105},[73,66241,2047],{"class":315},[73,66243,229],{"class":105},[292,66245,66247],{"id":66246},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66249,66250],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[64,66252,66254],{"className":66,"code":66253,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66255,66256,66276,66294],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66257,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66259,66086],{"class":79},[73,66261,84],{"class":83},[73,66263,528],{"class":105},[73,66265,404],{"class":315},[73,66267,149],{"class":105},[73,66269,409],{"class":315},[73,66271,149],{"class":105},[73,66273,414],{"class":315},[73,66275,229],{"class":105},[73,66277,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66279,66107],{"class":79},[73,66281,817],{"class":105},[73,66283,53330],{"class":114},[73,66285,106],{"class":105},[73,66287,1920],{"class":315},[73,66289,149],{"class":105},[73,66291,2047],{"class":315},[73,66293,854],{"class":105},[73,66295,66296,66298,66300,66302],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66297,102],{"class":101},[73,66299,106],{"class":105},[73,66301,66107],{"class":114},[73,66303,854],{"class":105},[20,66305,1660],{},[64,66307,66308],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66309,66310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66311,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66313,138],{"class":105},[73,66315,404],{"class":315},[73,66317,149],{"class":105},[73,66319,409],{"class":315},[73,66321,149],{"class":105},[73,66323,414],{"class":315},[73,66325,149],{"class":105},[73,66327,2047],{"class":315},[73,66329,229],{"class":105},[292,66331,66333],{"id":66332},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66335,66336,66337,66339],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66338,53647],{}," places the item before that position.",[64,66341,66343],{"className":66,"code":66342,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66344,66345,66377,66401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66346,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66348,35460],{"class":79},[73,66350,84],{"class":83},[73,66352,528],{"class":105},[73,66354,384],{"class":87},[73,66356,587],{"class":91},[73,66358,384],{"class":87},[73,66360,149],{"class":105},[73,66362,88],{"class":87},[73,66364,4350],{"class":91},[73,66366,384],{"class":87},[73,66368,149],{"class":105},[73,66370,88],{"class":87},[73,66372,18366],{"class":91},[73,66374,384],{"class":87},[73,66376,229],{"class":105},[73,66378,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66380,35513],{"class":79},[73,66382,817],{"class":105},[73,66384,53330],{"class":114},[73,66386,106],{"class":105},[73,66388,1611],{"class":83},[73,66390,404],{"class":315},[73,66392,149],{"class":105},[73,66394,88],{"class":87},[73,66396,9332],{"class":91},[73,66398,384],{"class":87},[73,66400,854],{"class":105},[73,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66404,102],{"class":101},[73,66406,106],{"class":105},[73,66408,35513],{"class":114},[73,66410,854],{"class":105},[20,66412,1660],{},[64,66414,66416],{"className":66,"code":66415,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66417,66418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66419,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66421,138],{"class":105},[73,66423,141],{"class":87},[73,66425,587],{"class":91},[73,66427,141],{"class":87},[73,66429,149],{"class":105},[73,66431,152],{"class":87},[73,66433,4350],{"class":91},[73,66435,141],{"class":87},[73,66437,149],{"class":105},[73,66439,152],{"class":87},[73,66441,9332],{"class":91},[73,66443,141],{"class":87},[73,66445,149],{"class":105},[73,66447,152],{"class":87},[73,66449,18366],{"class":91},[73,66451,141],{"class":87},[73,66453,229],{"class":105},[20,66455,66456,66457,1893],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[587,66458,66459],{"href":50357},"Python lists beginner guide",[59,66461,66463,1011,66465],{"id":66462},"insert-vs-append",[15,66464,53647],{},[15,66466,52031],{},[20,66468,66469],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[292,66471,121,66473,10193],{"id":66472},"use-insert-when",[15,66474,53647],{},[30,66476,66477,66480],{},[33,66478,66479],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66481,66482],{},"The order of the list matters",[292,66484,121,66486,10193],{"id":66485},"use-append-when",[15,66487,52031],{},[30,66489,66490,66493],{},[33,66491,66492],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66494,66495],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66497,714],{},[64,66499,66501],{"className":66,"code":66500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66502,66503,66527,66531,66553,66563,66567,66585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66506,7369],{"class":79},[73,66508,84],{"class":83},[73,66510,528],{"class":105},[73,66512,384],{"class":87},[73,66514,3666],{"class":91},[73,66516,384],{"class":87},[73,66518,149],{"class":105},[73,66520,88],{"class":87},[73,66522,32818],{"class":91},[73,66524,384],{"class":87},[73,66526,229],{"class":105},[73,66528,66529],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66530,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,66532,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66534,7400],{"class":79},[73,66536,817],{"class":105},[73,66538,53330],{"class":114},[73,66540,106],{"class":105},[73,66542,404],{"class":315},[73,66544,149],{"class":105},[73,66546,88],{"class":87},[73,66548,3675],{"class":91},[73,66550,384],{"class":87},[73,66552,854],{"class":105},[73,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,66556,102],{"class":101},[73,66558,106],{"class":105},[73,66560,7400],{"class":114},[73,66562,854],{"class":105},[73,66564,66565],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,66566,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,66568,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,66570,7400],{"class":79},[73,66572,817],{"class":105},[73,66574,564],{"class":114},[73,66576,106],{"class":105},[73,66578,384],{"class":87},[73,66580,22132],{"class":91},[73,66582,384],{"class":87},[73,66584,854],{"class":105},[73,66586,66587,66589,66591,66593],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,66588,102],{"class":101},[73,66590,106],{"class":105},[73,66592,7400],{"class":114},[73,66594,854],{"class":105},[20,66596,1660],{},[64,66598,66600],{"className":66,"code":66599,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66601,66602,66630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66603,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66605,138],{"class":105},[73,66607,141],{"class":87},[73,66609,3666],{"class":91},[73,66611,141],{"class":87},[73,66613,149],{"class":105},[73,66615,152],{"class":87},[73,66617,3675],{"class":91},[73,66619,141],{"class":87},[73,66621,149],{"class":105},[73,66623,152],{"class":87},[73,66625,32818],{"class":91},[73,66627,141],{"class":87},[73,66629,229],{"class":105},[73,66631,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66633,138],{"class":105},[73,66635,141],{"class":87},[73,66637,3666],{"class":91},[73,66639,141],{"class":87},[73,66641,149],{"class":105},[73,66643,152],{"class":87},[73,66645,3675],{"class":91},[73,66647,141],{"class":87},[73,66649,149],{"class":105},[73,66651,152],{"class":87},[73,66653,32818],{"class":91},[73,66655,141],{"class":87},[73,66657,149],{"class":105},[73,66659,152],{"class":87},[73,66661,22132],{"class":91},[73,66663,141],{"class":87},[73,66665,229],{"class":105},[20,66667,66668,66669,817],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[587,66670,54899,66671,10333],{"href":56148},[15,66672,52031],{},[20,66674,66675,66676,817],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[587,66677,52428],{"href":52427},[59,66679,4107],{"id":4106},[20,66681,14331,66682,817],{},[15,66683,53647],{},[292,66685,12190,66687],{"id":66686},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66688,53647],{},[20,66690,25287],{},[64,66692,66694],{"className":66,"code":66693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66695,66696,66716,66738,66742,66752],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66697,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66699,523],{"class":79},[73,66701,84],{"class":83},[73,66703,528],{"class":105},[73,66705,404],{"class":315},[73,66707,149],{"class":105},[73,66709,409],{"class":315},[73,66711,149],{"class":105},[73,66713,414],{"class":315},[73,66715,229],{"class":105},[73,66717,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66719,1819],{"class":79},[73,66721,84],{"class":83},[73,66723,3851],{"class":79},[73,66725,817],{"class":105},[73,66727,53330],{"class":114},[73,66729,106],{"class":105},[73,66731,404],{"class":315},[73,66733,149],{"class":105},[73,66735,9789],{"class":315},[73,66737,854],{"class":105},[73,66739,66740],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66741,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,66743,66744,66746,66748,66750],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,66745,102],{"class":101},[73,66747,106],{"class":105},[73,66749,1854],{"class":114},[73,66751,854],{"class":105},[73,66753,66754,66756,66758,66760],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,66755,102],{"class":101},[73,66757,106],{"class":105},[73,66759,553],{"class":114},[73,66761,854],{"class":105},[20,66763,1660],{},[64,66765,66767],{"className":66,"code":66766,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66768,66769,66773],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66770,66771],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66772,11403],{"class":3438},[73,66774,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66776,138],{"class":105},[73,66778,404],{"class":315},[73,66780,149],{"class":105},[73,66782,9789],{"class":315},[73,66784,149],{"class":105},[73,66786,409],{"class":315},[73,66788,149],{"class":105},[73,66790,414],{"class":315},[73,66792,229],{"class":105},[20,66794,66795,53532,66797,817],{},[15,66796,53647],{},[15,66798,3364],{},[20,66800,16242],{},[64,66802,66804],{"className":66,"code":66803,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66805,66806],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66807,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66809,55269],{"class":79},[73,66811,84],{"class":83},[73,66813,3851],{"class":79},[73,66815,817],{"class":105},[73,66817,53330],{"class":114},[73,66819,106],{"class":105},[73,66821,404],{"class":315},[73,66823,149],{"class":105},[73,66825,9789],{"class":315},[73,66827,854],{"class":105},[20,66829,66830],{},"Right:",[64,66832,66834],{"className":66,"code":66833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66835,66836],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66837,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66839,553],{"class":79},[73,66841,817],{"class":105},[73,66843,53330],{"class":114},[73,66845,106],{"class":105},[73,66847,404],{"class":315},[73,66849,149],{"class":105},[73,66851,9789],{"class":315},[73,66853,854],{"class":105},[292,66855,66857],{"id":66856},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66859,66860],{},"The correct order is:",[64,66862,66863],{"className":66,"code":65716,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66864,66865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66866,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66868,7930],{"class":79},[73,66870,817],{"class":105},[73,66872,53330],{"class":114},[73,66874,106],{"class":105},[73,66876,35215],{"class":114},[73,66878,149],{"class":105},[73,66880,29104],{"class":114},[73,66882,854],{"class":105},[20,66884,66885],{},"Not:",[64,66887,66889],{"className":66,"code":66888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66890,66891],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66892,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66894,7930],{"class":79},[73,66896,817],{"class":105},[73,66898,53330],{"class":114},[73,66900,106],{"class":105},[73,66902,22910],{"class":114},[73,66904,149],{"class":105},[73,66906,35190],{"class":114},[73,66908,854],{"class":105},[20,66910,714],{},[64,66912,66913],{"className":66,"code":65758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66914,66915,66939,66961],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66918,35460],{"class":79},[73,66920,84],{"class":83},[73,66922,528],{"class":105},[73,66924,384],{"class":87},[73,66926,587],{"class":91},[73,66928,384],{"class":87},[73,66930,149],{"class":105},[73,66932,88],{"class":87},[73,66934,9332],{"class":91},[73,66936,384],{"class":87},[73,66938,229],{"class":105},[73,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,66942,35513],{"class":79},[73,66944,817],{"class":105},[73,66946,53330],{"class":114},[73,66948,106],{"class":105},[73,66950,404],{"class":315},[73,66952,149],{"class":105},[73,66954,88],{"class":87},[73,66956,4350],{"class":91},[73,66958,384],{"class":87},[73,66960,854],{"class":105},[73,66962,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,66964,102],{"class":101},[73,66966,106],{"class":105},[73,66968,35513],{"class":114},[73,66970,854],{"class":105},[20,66972,1660],{},[64,66974,66975],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66976,66977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66980,138],{"class":105},[73,66982,141],{"class":87},[73,66984,587],{"class":91},[73,66986,141],{"class":87},[73,66988,149],{"class":105},[73,66990,152],{"class":87},[73,66992,4350],{"class":91},[73,66994,141],{"class":87},[73,66996,149],{"class":105},[73,66998,152],{"class":87},[73,67000,9332],{"class":91},[73,67002,141],{"class":87},[73,67004,229],{"class":105},[292,67006,8044,67008,67010],{"id":67007},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67009,53647],{}," to replace an item",[20,67012,67013,67015],{},[15,67014,53647],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[64,67017,67019],{"className":66,"code":67018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67020,67021,67041,67059],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67022,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67024,523],{"class":79},[73,67026,84],{"class":83},[73,67028,528],{"class":105},[73,67030,404],{"class":315},[73,67032,149],{"class":105},[73,67034,409],{"class":315},[73,67036,149],{"class":105},[73,67038,414],{"class":315},[73,67040,229],{"class":105},[73,67042,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67044,553],{"class":79},[73,67046,817],{"class":105},[73,67048,53330],{"class":114},[73,67050,106],{"class":105},[73,67052,404],{"class":315},[73,67054,149],{"class":105},[73,67056,9789],{"class":315},[73,67058,854],{"class":105},[73,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67062,102],{"class":101},[73,67064,106],{"class":105},[73,67066,553],{"class":114},[73,67068,854],{"class":105},[20,67070,1660],{},[64,67072,67074],{"className":66,"code":67073,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67075,67076],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67077,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67079,138],{"class":105},[73,67081,404],{"class":315},[73,67083,149],{"class":105},[73,67085,9789],{"class":315},[73,67087,149],{"class":105},[73,67089,409],{"class":315},[73,67091,149],{"class":105},[73,67093,414],{"class":315},[73,67095,229],{"class":105},[20,67097,67098],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[64,67100,67102],{"className":66,"code":67101,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67103,67104,67124,67138],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67105,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67107,523],{"class":79},[73,67109,84],{"class":83},[73,67111,528],{"class":105},[73,67113,404],{"class":315},[73,67115,149],{"class":105},[73,67117,409],{"class":315},[73,67119,149],{"class":105},[73,67121,414],{"class":315},[73,67123,229],{"class":105},[73,67125,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67127,553],{"class":79},[73,67129,138],{"class":105},[73,67131,404],{"class":315},[73,67133,12871],{"class":105},[73,67135,12874],{"class":83},[73,67137,13728],{"class":315},[73,67139,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67141,102],{"class":101},[73,67143,106],{"class":105},[73,67145,553],{"class":114},[73,67147,854],{"class":105},[20,67149,1660],{},[64,67151,67153],{"className":66,"code":67152,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67154,67155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67156,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67158,138],{"class":105},[73,67160,404],{"class":315},[73,67162,149],{"class":105},[73,67164,9789],{"class":315},[73,67166,149],{"class":105},[73,67168,414],{"class":315},[73,67170,229],{"class":105},[292,67172,67174],{"id":67173},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67176,67177,67179],{},[15,67178,53647],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67181,67182],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[64,67184,67186],{"className":66,"code":67185,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67187,67188,67204,67228],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67189,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67191,523],{"class":79},[73,67193,84],{"class":83},[73,67195,528],{"class":105},[73,67197,404],{"class":315},[73,67199,149],{"class":105},[73,67201,2047],{"class":315},[73,67203,229],{"class":105},[73,67205,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67207,553],{"class":79},[73,67209,817],{"class":105},[73,67211,53330],{"class":114},[73,67213,106],{"class":105},[73,67215,404],{"class":315},[73,67217,149],{"class":105},[73,67219,528],{"class":105},[73,67221,1646],{"class":315},[73,67223,149],{"class":105},[73,67225,414],{"class":315},[73,67227,3475],{"class":105},[73,67229,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67231,102],{"class":101},[73,67233,106],{"class":105},[73,67235,553],{"class":114},[73,67237,854],{"class":105},[20,67239,1660],{},[64,67241,67243],{"className":66,"code":67242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67244,67245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67246,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67248,138],{"class":105},[73,67250,404],{"class":315},[73,67252,149],{"class":105},[73,67254,528],{"class":105},[73,67256,1646],{"class":315},[73,67258,149],{"class":105},[73,67260,414],{"class":315},[73,67262,17661],{"class":105},[73,67264,2047],{"class":315},[73,67266,229],{"class":105},[20,67268,67269,67270,817],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[587,67271,54899,67272,10333],{"href":52723},[15,67273,52825],{},[292,67275,67277],{"id":67276},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67279,8466,67280,67282],{},[15,67281,53647],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[64,67284,67286],{"className":66,"code":67285,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67287,67288,67298,67312,67330,67344],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67289,67290,67292,67294,67296],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67291,102],{"class":101},[73,67293,106],{"class":105},[73,67295,7930],{"class":114},[73,67297,854],{"class":105},[73,67299,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67301,102],{"class":101},[73,67303,106],{"class":105},[73,67305,10755],{"class":101},[73,67307,106],{"class":105},[73,67309,7930],{"class":114},[73,67311,118],{"class":105},[73,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67315,102],{"class":101},[73,67317,106],{"class":105},[73,67319,7930],{"class":114},[73,67321,817],{"class":105},[73,67323,53330],{"class":851},[73,67325,817],{"class":105},[73,67327,191],{"class":198},[73,67329,854],{"class":105},[73,67331,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,67333,842],{"class":101},[73,67335,106],{"class":105},[73,67337,7684],{"class":1270},[73,67339,817],{"class":105},[73,67341,53330],{"class":851},[73,67343,854],{"class":105},[73,67345,67346,67348,67350,67352],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,67347,1271],{"class":1270},[73,67349,106],{"class":105},[73,67351,7930],{"class":114},[73,67353,854],{"class":105},[20,67355,67356],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67358,67359,67362,67365,67368],{},[33,67360,67361],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67363,67364],{},"How long the list is",[33,67366,67367],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67369,67370],{},"How Python describes the method",[59,67372,4551,67374],{"id":67373},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67375,53647],{},[20,67377,121,67378,67380],{},[15,67379,53647],{}," when position matters.",[20,67382,35796],{},[30,67384,67385,67388,67391,67394],{},[33,67386,67387],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67389,67390],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67392,67393],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67395,67396],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67398,67399,67400,67402,67403,67405,67406,67408],{},"You usually do ",[55,67401,806],{}," need ",[15,67404,53647],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67407,52031],{}," is simpler.",[20,67410,67411,67412,817],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[587,67413,56534],{"href":56533},[59,67415,1405],{"id":1404},[292,67417,12300,67419,54848],{"id":67418},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67420,53290],{},[20,67422,67423,67424,817],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67425,3364],{},[292,67427,67429],{"id":67428},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67431,67432],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[292,67434,1446,67436,67438],{"id":67435},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67437,53290],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67440,67441,67442,67444],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67443,52825],{}," or slicing.",[292,67446,1419,67448,355,67450,1424],{"id":67447},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67449,53647],{},[15,67451,52031],{},[20,67453,67454,67456,67457,67459],{},[15,67455,53647],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67458,52031],{}," adds only at the end.",[59,67461,1461],{"id":1460},[30,67463,67464,67470,67476,67480,67484,67488],{},[33,67465,67466],{},[587,67467,54899,67468,10333],{"href":56148},[15,67469,52031],{},[33,67471,67472],{},[587,67473,54899,67474,10333],{"href":52723},[15,67475,52825],{},[33,67477,67478],{},[587,67479,53657],{"href":52427},[33,67481,67482],{},[587,67483,52150],{"href":50357},[33,67485,67486],{},[587,67487,56608],{"href":56533},[33,67489,67490],{},[587,67491,29945,67492,33231],{"href":53675},[15,67493,67494],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1500,67496,67497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":67499},[67500,67502,67503,67504,67510,67517,67526,67528,67537],{"id":65685,"depth":98,"text":67501},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018},{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":66057,"depth":98,"text":66058,"children":67505},[67506,67507,67508,67509],{"id":66069,"depth":332,"text":66070},{"id":66160,"depth":332,"text":66161},{"id":66246,"depth":332,"text":66247},{"id":66332,"depth":332,"text":66333},{"id":66462,"depth":98,"text":67511,"children":67512},"insert() vs append()",[67513,67515],{"id":66472,"depth":332,"text":67514},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66485,"depth":332,"text":67516},"Use append() when:",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":67518},[67519,67521,67522,67524,67525],{"id":66686,"depth":332,"text":67520},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66856,"depth":332,"text":66857},{"id":67007,"depth":332,"text":67523},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67173,"depth":332,"text":67174},{"id":67276,"depth":332,"text":67277},{"id":67373,"depth":98,"text":67527},"When to use insert()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":67529},[67530,67532,67533,67535],{"id":67418,"depth":332,"text":67531},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67428,"depth":332,"text":67429},{"id":67435,"depth":332,"text":67534},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67447,"depth":332,"text":67536},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65595,"description":67538},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67545,"title":67546,"body":67547,"description":69102,"extension":1552,"meta":69103,"navigation":335,"path":58353,"seo":69104,"stem":69105,"__hash__":69106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67548,"toc":69075},[67549,67555,67564,67613,67615,67623,67629,67631,67649,67655,67660,67663,67666,67681,67683,67735,67737,67745,67753,67760,67762,67768,67833,67835,67843,67845,67864,67867,67918,67922,67927,67954,67956,67964,67967,68036,68038,68053,68059,68063,68072,68075,68130,68132,68140,68143,68145,68190,68192,68200,68206,68208,68216,68219,68221,68260,68262,68301,68306,68308,68310,68345,68348,68350,68388,68392,68398,68400,68451,68453,68461,68468,68471,68492,68495,68550,68561,68563,68624,68626,68635,68642,68648,68651,68654,68711,68714,68727,68734,68740,68746,68748,68761,68764,68861,68863,68880,68883,68965,68967,68989,68996,69002,69004,69008,69014,69020,69025,69029,69032,69038,69045,69047,69072],[10,67550,67552,67553,3246],{"id":67551},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67554,10755],{},[20,67556,67557,67558,67560,67561,67563],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67559,41735],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67562,41735],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[64,67565,67567],{"className":66,"code":67566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67568,67569,67589,67603],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67570,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67572,523],{"class":79},[73,67574,84],{"class":83},[73,67576,528],{"class":105},[73,67578,1920],{"class":315},[73,67580,149],{"class":105},[73,67582,7380],{"class":315},[73,67584,149],{"class":105},[73,67586,7385],{"class":315},[73,67588,229],{"class":105},[73,67590,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67592,40615],{"class":79},[73,67594,84],{"class":83},[73,67596,37758],{"class":101},[73,67598,106],{"class":105},[73,67600,553],{"class":114},[73,67602,854],{"class":105},[73,67604,67605,67607,67609,67611],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67606,102],{"class":101},[73,67608,106],{"class":105},[73,67610,40633],{"class":114},[73,67612,854],{"class":105},[20,67614,1660],{},[64,67616,67617],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67618,67619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67620,67621],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67622,45993],{"class":315},[20,67624,121,67625,67628],{},[15,67626,67627],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[59,67630,14761],{"id":14760},[30,67632,67633,67638,67643,67646],{},[33,67634,3786,67635,67637],{},[15,67636,41735],{}," works with Python lists",[33,67639,67640,67641,11300],{},"What value ",[15,67642,41735],{},[33,67644,67645],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,67647,67648],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[59,67650,236,67652,67654],{"id":67651},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67653,41735],{}," returns for a list",[20,67656,67657,64467],{},[15,67658,67659],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67661,67662],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67664,67665],{},"A few important points:",[30,67667,67668,67671,67676],{},[33,67669,67670],{},"It counts list items",[33,67672,40279,67673,67675],{},[55,67674,806],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,67677,67678,67679],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67680,1710],{},[20,67682,714],{},[64,67684,67686],{"className":66,"code":67685,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67687,67688,67721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67689,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67691,3657],{"class":79},[73,67693,84],{"class":83},[73,67695,528],{"class":105},[73,67697,384],{"class":87},[73,67699,36418],{"class":91},[73,67701,384],{"class":87},[73,67703,149],{"class":105},[73,67705,88],{"class":87},[73,67707,67708],{"class":91},"elephant",[73,67710,384],{"class":87},[73,67712,149],{"class":105},[73,67714,88],{"class":87},[73,67716,57507],{"class":91},[73,67718,384],{"class":87},[73,67720,229],{"class":105},[73,67722,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67724,102],{"class":101},[73,67726,106],{"class":105},[73,67728,10755],{"class":101},[73,67730,106],{"class":105},[73,67732,3701],{"class":114},[73,67734,118],{"class":105},[20,67736,1660],{},[64,67738,67739],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67740,67741],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67742,67743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67744,45993],{"class":315},[20,67746,20577,67747,67750,67751,64474],{},[15,67748,67749],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[55,67752,52035],{},[20,67754,67755,67756,817],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[587,67757,13,67758,1470],{"href":41732},[15,67759,41735],{},[59,67761,5374],{"id":5373},[20,67763,67764,67765,67767],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67766,41735],{},", and print the result.",[64,67769,67771],{"className":66,"code":67770,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67772,67773,67805,67819,67823],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67774,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67776,12673],{"class":79},[73,67778,84],{"class":83},[73,67780,528],{"class":105},[73,67782,384],{"class":87},[73,67784,12690],{"class":91},[73,67786,384],{"class":87},[73,67788,149],{"class":105},[73,67790,88],{"class":87},[73,67792,17054],{"class":91},[73,67794,384],{"class":87},[73,67796,149],{"class":105},[73,67798,88],{"class":87},[73,67800,12707],{"class":91},[73,67802,384],{"class":87},[73,67804,229],{"class":105},[73,67806,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67808,40615],{"class":79},[73,67810,84],{"class":83},[73,67812,37758],{"class":101},[73,67814,106],{"class":105},[73,67816,17101],{"class":114},[73,67818,854],{"class":105},[73,67820,67821],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67822,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,67824,67825,67827,67829,67831],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,67826,102],{"class":101},[73,67828,106],{"class":105},[73,67830,40633],{"class":114},[73,67832,854],{"class":105},[20,67834,1660],{},[64,67836,67837],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67838,67839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67840,67841],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67842,45993],{"class":315},[20,67844,11278],{},[30,67846,67847,67852,67859],{},[33,67848,67849,67851],{},[15,67850,17101],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,67853,67854,1987,67857],{},[15,67855,67856],{},"len(colors)",[15,67858,1652],{},[33,67860,67861,67862],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67863,40633],{},[20,67865,67866],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[64,67868,67870],{"className":66,"code":67869,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67871,67872,67904],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67873,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67875,12673],{"class":79},[73,67877,84],{"class":83},[73,67879,528],{"class":105},[73,67881,384],{"class":87},[73,67883,12690],{"class":91},[73,67885,384],{"class":87},[73,67887,149],{"class":105},[73,67889,88],{"class":87},[73,67891,17054],{"class":91},[73,67893,384],{"class":87},[73,67895,149],{"class":105},[73,67897,88],{"class":87},[73,67899,12707],{"class":91},[73,67901,384],{"class":87},[73,67903,229],{"class":105},[73,67905,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67907,102],{"class":101},[73,67909,106],{"class":105},[73,67911,10755],{"class":101},[73,67913,106],{"class":105},[73,67915,17101],{"class":114},[73,67917,118],{"class":105},[59,67919,67921],{"id":67920},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67923,67924,67925,817],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67926,1710],{},[64,67928,67930],{"className":66,"code":67929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67931,67932,67940],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67933,67934,67936,67938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67935,7369],{"class":79},[73,67937,84],{"class":83},[73,67939,7429],{"class":105},[73,67941,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67943,102],{"class":101},[73,67945,106],{"class":105},[73,67947,10755],{"class":101},[73,67949,106],{"class":105},[73,67951,7400],{"class":114},[73,67953,118],{"class":105},[20,67955,1660],{},[64,67957,67958],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67959,67960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67961,67962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67963,46628],{"class":315},[20,67965,67966],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[64,67968,67970],{"className":66,"code":67969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67971,67972,67980,67984,68002,68016,68022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67973,67974,67976,67978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67975,7369],{"class":79},[73,67977,84],{"class":83},[73,67979,7429],{"class":105},[73,67981,67982],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,67983,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,67987,6588],{"class":646},[73,67989,37758],{"class":101},[73,67991,106],{"class":105},[73,67993,7400],{"class":114},[73,67995,3246],{"class":105},[73,67997,37768],{"class":83},[73,67999,3420],{"class":315},[73,68001,5982],{"class":105},[73,68003,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,68005,7659],{"class":101},[73,68007,106],{"class":105},[73,68009,7400],{"class":114},[73,68011,138],{"class":105},[73,68013,1710],{"class":315},[73,68015,3475],{"class":105},[73,68017,68018,68020],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,68019,27030],{"class":646},[73,68021,5982],{"class":105},[73,68023,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,68025,7659],{"class":101},[73,68027,106],{"class":105},[73,68029,384],{"class":87},[73,68031,51194],{"class":91},[73,68033,384],{"class":87},[73,68035,854],{"class":105},[20,68037,1660],{},[64,68039,68041],{"className":66,"code":68040,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The list is empty\n",[15,68042,68043],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68044,68045,68047,68049,68051],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68046,1569],{"class":79},[73,68048,7684],{"class":1270},[73,68050,7687],{"class":83},[73,68052,7693],{"class":79},[20,68054,68055,68056,68058],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[587,68057,52150],{"href":50357}," is a good next step.",[59,68060,68062],{"id":68061},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68064,68065,68067,68068,68071],{},[15,68066,41735],{}," counts only the ",[55,68069,68070],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68073,68074],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[64,68076,68078],{"className":66,"code":68077,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68079,68080,68116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68081,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68083,8757],{"class":79},[73,68085,84],{"class":83},[73,68087,55673],{"class":105},[73,68089,404],{"class":315},[73,68091,149],{"class":105},[73,68093,409],{"class":315},[73,68095,17661],{"class":105},[73,68097,528],{"class":105},[73,68099,1652],{"class":315},[73,68101,149],{"class":105},[73,68103,2047],{"class":315},[73,68105,17661],{"class":105},[73,68107,528],{"class":105},[73,68109,1727],{"class":315},[73,68111,149],{"class":105},[73,68113,37015],{"class":315},[73,68115,52621],{"class":105},[73,68117,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68119,102],{"class":101},[73,68121,106],{"class":105},[73,68123,10755],{"class":101},[73,68125,106],{"class":105},[73,68127,8796],{"class":114},[73,68129,118],{"class":105},[20,68131,1660],{},[64,68133,68134],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68135,68136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68137,68138],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68139,45993],{"class":315},[20,68141,68142],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68144,51458],{},[64,68146,68148],{"className":66,"code":68147,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68149,68150,68176],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68151,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68153,58853],{"class":79},[73,68155,84],{"class":83},[73,68157,528],{"class":105},[73,68159,404],{"class":315},[73,68161,149],{"class":105},[73,68163,528],{"class":105},[73,68165,1646],{"class":315},[73,68167,149],{"class":105},[73,68169,414],{"class":315},[73,68171,17661],{"class":105},[73,68173,2047],{"class":315},[73,68175,229],{"class":105},[73,68177,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68179,102],{"class":101},[73,68181,106],{"class":105},[73,68183,10755],{"class":101},[73,68185,106],{"class":105},[73,68187,58906],{"class":114},[73,68189,118],{"class":105},[20,68191,1660],{},[64,68193,68194],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68195,68196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68197,68198],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68199,45993],{"class":315},[20,68201,20577,68202,68205],{},[15,68203,68204],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[59,68207,4107],{"id":4106},[292,68209,438,68211,10685,68214],{"id":68210},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68212,68213],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68215,67659],{},[20,68217,68218],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68220,16242],{},[64,68222,68224],{"className":66,"code":68223,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68225,68226,68246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68227,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242,68244],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68229,523],{"class":79},[73,68231,84],{"class":83},[73,68233,528],{"class":105},[73,68235,1920],{"class":315},[73,68237,149],{"class":105},[73,68239,7380],{"class":315},[73,68241,149],{"class":105},[73,68243,7385],{"class":315},[73,68245,229],{"class":105},[73,68247,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68249,102],{"class":101},[73,68251,106],{"class":105},[73,68253,553],{"class":114},[73,68255,817],{"class":105},[73,68257,10755],{"class":114},[73,68259,348],{"class":105},[20,68261,16254],{},[64,68263,68265],{"className":66,"code":68264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68266,68267,68287],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68268,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68270,523],{"class":79},[73,68272,84],{"class":83},[73,68274,528],{"class":105},[73,68276,1920],{"class":315},[73,68278,149],{"class":105},[73,68280,7380],{"class":315},[73,68282,149],{"class":105},[73,68284,7385],{"class":315},[73,68286,229],{"class":105},[73,68288,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68290,102],{"class":101},[73,68292,106],{"class":105},[73,68294,10755],{"class":101},[73,68296,106],{"class":105},[73,68298,553],{"class":114},[73,68300,118],{"class":105},[20,68302,68303,68305],{},[15,68304,41735],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[292,68307,25284],{"id":25283},[20,68309,16242],{},[64,68311,68313],{"className":66,"code":68312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68314,68315,68335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68316,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68318,523],{"class":79},[73,68320,84],{"class":83},[73,68322,528],{"class":105},[73,68324,1920],{"class":315},[73,68326,149],{"class":105},[73,68328,7380],{"class":315},[73,68330,149],{"class":105},[73,68332,7385],{"class":315},[73,68334,229],{"class":105},[73,68336,68337,68339,68341,68343],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68338,102],{"class":101},[73,68340,106],{"class":105},[73,68342,10755],{"class":101},[73,68344,854],{"class":105},[20,68346,68347],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68349,16254],{},[64,68351,68352],{"className":66,"code":68264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68353,68354,68374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68355,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68357,523],{"class":79},[73,68359,84],{"class":83},[73,68361,528],{"class":105},[73,68363,1920],{"class":315},[73,68365,149],{"class":105},[73,68367,7380],{"class":315},[73,68369,149],{"class":105},[73,68371,7385],{"class":315},[73,68373,229],{"class":105},[73,68375,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68377,102],{"class":101},[73,68379,106],{"class":105},[73,68381,10755],{"class":101},[73,68383,106],{"class":105},[73,68385,553],{"class":114},[73,68387,118],{"class":105},[292,68389,68391],{"id":68390},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68393,68394,68395,68397],{},"The length of a list is ",[55,68396,806],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68399,714],{},[64,68401,68403],{"className":66,"code":68402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68404,68405,68437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68406,68407,68409,68411,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68408,35460],{"class":79},[73,68410,84],{"class":83},[73,68412,528],{"class":105},[73,68414,384],{"class":87},[73,68416,587],{"class":91},[73,68418,384],{"class":87},[73,68420,149],{"class":105},[73,68422,88],{"class":87},[73,68424,4350],{"class":91},[73,68426,384],{"class":87},[73,68428,149],{"class":105},[73,68430,88],{"class":87},[73,68432,9332],{"class":91},[73,68434,384],{"class":87},[73,68436,229],{"class":105},[73,68438,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68440,102],{"class":101},[73,68442,106],{"class":105},[73,68444,10755],{"class":101},[73,68446,106],{"class":105},[73,68448,35513],{"class":114},[73,68450,118],{"class":105},[20,68452,1660],{},[64,68454,68455],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68456,68457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68458,68459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68460,45993],{"class":315},[20,68462,68463,68464,18562,68466,817],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68465,1646],{},[15,68467,1652],{},[20,68469,68470],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68472,68473,68480,68486],{},[33,68474,68475,68477,68478],{},[15,68476,1710],{}," for ",[15,68479,17695],{},[33,68481,68482,68477,68484],{},[15,68483,404],{},[15,68485,64977],{},[33,68487,68488,68477,68490],{},[15,68489,1646],{},[15,68491,65863],{},[20,68493,68494],{},"So this causes an error:",[64,68496,68498],{"className":66,"code":68497,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68499,68500,68532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68501,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68503,35460],{"class":79},[73,68505,84],{"class":83},[73,68507,528],{"class":105},[73,68509,384],{"class":87},[73,68511,587],{"class":91},[73,68513,384],{"class":87},[73,68515,149],{"class":105},[73,68517,88],{"class":87},[73,68519,4350],{"class":91},[73,68521,384],{"class":87},[73,68523,149],{"class":105},[73,68525,88],{"class":87},[73,68527,9332],{"class":91},[73,68529,384],{"class":87},[73,68531,229],{"class":105},[73,68533,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68535,102],{"class":101},[73,68537,106],{"class":105},[73,68539,35513],{"class":114},[73,68541,138],{"class":105},[73,68543,10755],{"class":101},[73,68545,106],{"class":105},[73,68547,35513],{"class":114},[73,68549,10271],{"class":105},[20,68551,8087,68552,4373,68555,68557,68558,68560],{},[15,68553,68554],{},"len(letters)",[15,68556,1652],{},", and index ",[15,68559,1652],{}," does not exist.",[20,68562,18439],{},[64,68564,68566],{"className":66,"code":68565,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68567,68568,68600],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68569,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68571,35460],{"class":79},[73,68573,84],{"class":83},[73,68575,528],{"class":105},[73,68577,384],{"class":87},[73,68579,587],{"class":91},[73,68581,384],{"class":87},[73,68583,149],{"class":105},[73,68585,88],{"class":87},[73,68587,4350],{"class":91},[73,68589,384],{"class":87},[73,68591,149],{"class":105},[73,68593,88],{"class":87},[73,68595,9332],{"class":91},[73,68597,384],{"class":87},[73,68599,229],{"class":105},[73,68601,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68603,102],{"class":101},[73,68605,106],{"class":105},[73,68607,35513],{"class":114},[73,68609,138],{"class":105},[73,68611,10755],{"class":101},[73,68613,106],{"class":105},[73,68615,35513],{"class":114},[73,68617,3246],{"class":105},[73,68619,1811],{"class":83},[73,68621,5084],{"class":315},[73,68623,3475],{"class":105},[20,68625,1660],{},[64,68627,68629],{"className":66,"code":68628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"c\n",[15,68630,68631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68632,68633],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68634,68628],{"class":79},[20,68636,68637,68638,817],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[587,68639,68641],{"href":68640},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[292,68643,438,68645,68647],{"id":68644},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68646,41735],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68649,68650],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68652,68653],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[64,68655,68657],{"className":66,"code":68656,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68658,68659,68669,68683,68697],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68660,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68662,102],{"class":101},[73,68664,106],{"class":105},[73,68666,7930],{"class":114},[73,68668,854],{"class":105},[73,68670,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68672,102],{"class":101},[73,68674,106],{"class":105},[73,68676,10755],{"class":101},[73,68678,106],{"class":105},[73,68680,7930],{"class":114},[73,68682,118],{"class":105},[73,68684,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,68686,102],{"class":101},[73,68688,106],{"class":105},[73,68690,1271],{"class":1270},[73,68692,106],{"class":105},[73,68694,7930],{"class":114},[73,68696,118],{"class":105},[73,68698,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,68700,102],{"class":101},[73,68702,106],{"class":105},[73,68704,7930],{"class":114},[73,68706,138],{"class":105},[73,68708,1710],{"class":315},[73,68710,3475],{"class":105},[20,68712,68713],{},"These help you verify:",[30,68715,68716,68719,68721,68724],{},[33,68717,68718],{},"what the variable contains",[33,68720,60165],{},[33,68722,68723],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,68725,68726],{},"what the first item is",[20,68728,68729,68730,68733],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68731,68732],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[59,68735,4551,68737,68739],{"id":68736},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68738,41735],{}," with lists",[20,68741,68742,68743,68745],{},"You will often use ",[15,68744,41735],{}," in real programs.",[20,68747,8966],{},[30,68749,68750,68752,68755,68758],{},[33,68751,51148],{},[33,68753,68754],{},"Control loops",[33,68756,68757],{},"Validate input or results",[33,68759,68760],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68762,68763],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[64,68765,68767],{"className":66,"code":68766,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68768,68769,68789,68805,68809,68823,68837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68770,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68772,2145],{"class":79},[73,68774,84],{"class":83},[73,68776,528],{"class":105},[73,68778,404],{"class":315},[73,68780,149],{"class":105},[73,68782,409],{"class":315},[73,68784,149],{"class":105},[73,68786,414],{"class":315},[73,68788,229],{"class":105},[73,68790,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68792,2173],{"class":79},[73,68794,84],{"class":83},[73,68796,528],{"class":105},[73,68798,1920],{"class":315},[73,68800,149],{"class":105},[73,68802,7380],{"class":315},[73,68804,229],{"class":105},[73,68806,68807],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,68808,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,68810,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,68812,102],{"class":101},[73,68814,106],{"class":105},[73,68816,10755],{"class":101},[73,68818,106],{"class":105},[73,68820,587],{"class":114},[73,68822,118],{"class":105},[73,68824,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,68826,102],{"class":101},[73,68828,106],{"class":105},[73,68830,10755],{"class":101},[73,68832,106],{"class":105},[73,68834,4350],{"class":114},[73,68836,118],{"class":105},[73,68838,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,68840,102],{"class":101},[73,68842,106],{"class":105},[73,68844,10755],{"class":101},[73,68846,106],{"class":105},[73,68848,587],{"class":114},[73,68850,3246],{"class":105},[73,68852,37768],{"class":83},[73,68854,37758],{"class":101},[73,68856,106],{"class":105},[73,68858,4350],{"class":114},[73,68860,118],{"class":105},[20,68862,1660],{},[64,68864,68866],{"className":66,"code":68865,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68867,68868,68872,68876],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68869,68870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68871,45993],{"class":315},[73,68873,68874],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68875,16655],{"class":315},[73,68877,68878],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,68879,3566],{"class":3438},[20,68881,68882],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[64,68884,68886],{"className":66,"code":68885,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68887,68888,68920,68924,68946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68889,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68891,4585],{"class":79},[73,68893,84],{"class":83},[73,68895,528],{"class":105},[73,68897,384],{"class":87},[73,68899,12477],{"class":91},[73,68901,384],{"class":87},[73,68903,149],{"class":105},[73,68905,88],{"class":87},[73,68907,35310],{"class":91},[73,68909,384],{"class":87},[73,68911,149],{"class":105},[73,68913,88],{"class":87},[73,68915,35319],{"class":91},[73,68917,384],{"class":87},[73,68919,229],{"class":105},[73,68921,68922],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68923,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,68925,68926,68928,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,68927,5545],{"class":646},[73,68929,68930],{"class":79}," i ",[73,68932,3469],{"class":646},[73,68934,53449],{"class":101},[73,68936,106],{"class":105},[73,68938,10755],{"class":101},[73,68940,106],{"class":105},[73,68942,4629],{"class":114},[73,68944,68945],{"class":105},")):\n",[73,68947,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68959,68961,68963],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,68949,7659],{"class":101},[73,68951,106],{"class":105},[73,68953,35524],{"class":114},[73,68955,149],{"class":105},[73,68957,68958],{"class":114}," names",[73,68960,138],{"class":105},[73,68962,35524],{"class":114},[73,68964,3475],{"class":105},[20,68966,1660],{},[64,68968,68969],{"className":66,"code":35368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68970,68971,68977,68983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68972,68973,68975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68974,1710],{"class":315},[73,68976,35377],{"class":79},[73,68978,68979,68981],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,68980,404],{"class":315},[73,68982,35384],{"class":79},[73,68984,68985,68987],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,68986,1646],{"class":315},[73,68988,35391],{"class":79},[20,68990,68991,68992,817],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[587,68993,68995],{"href":68994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68997,68998,68999,69001],{},"You can also read ",[587,69000,50925],{"href":50924}," for a task-focused guide.",[59,69003,1405],{"id":1404},[292,69005,69007],{"id":69006},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69009,121,69010,69013],{},[15,69011,69012],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[292,69015,1409,69017,12312],{"id":69016},"what-does-len-return",[15,69018,69019],{},"len([])",[20,69021,4737,69022,69024],{},[15,69023,1710],{}," because the list is empty.",[292,69026,69028],{"id":69027},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69030,69031],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[292,69033,27925,69035,69037],{"id":69034},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69036,68213],{}," in Python?",[20,69039,29868,69040,7813,69042,69044],{},[15,69041,67659],{},[15,69043,41735],{}," is a built-in function.",[59,69046,1461],{"id":1460},[30,69048,69049,69055,69059,69063,69067],{},[33,69050,69051],{},[587,69052,13,69053,1470],{"href":41732},[15,69054,41735],{},[33,69056,69057],{},[587,69058,51969],{"href":50924},[33,69060,69061],{},[587,69062,52150],{"href":50357},[33,69064,69065],{},[587,69066,68641],{"href":68640},[33,69068,69069],{},[587,69070,69071],{"href":68994},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1500,69073,69074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":69076},[69077,69078,69080,69081,69082,69083,69091,69093,69101],{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":67651,"depth":98,"text":69079},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":67920,"depth":98,"text":67921},{"id":68061,"depth":98,"text":68062},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":69084},[69085,69087,69088,69089],{"id":68210,"depth":332,"text":69086},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25283,"depth":332,"text":25284},{"id":68390,"depth":332,"text":68391},{"id":68644,"depth":332,"text":69090},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68736,"depth":98,"text":69092},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":69094},[69095,69096,69098,69099],{"id":69006,"depth":332,"text":69007},{"id":69016,"depth":332,"text":69097},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69027,"depth":332,"text":69028},{"id":69034,"depth":332,"text":69100},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67546,"description":69102},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69108,"title":69109,"body":69110,"description":71092,"extension":1552,"meta":71093,"navigation":335,"path":71094,"seo":71095,"stem":71096,"__hash__":71097},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69111,"toc":71065},[69112,69115,69120,69123,69131,69144,69146,69211,69213,69235,69240,69244,69249,69257,69259,69269,69271,69352,69354,69384,69386,69405,69410,69427,69429,69513,69515,69545,69550,69554,69560,69644,69646,69676,69679,69683,69686,69777,69779,69817,69820,69905,69907,69937,69943,69950,69954,69959,69968,69970,70055,70057,70086,70089,70097,70101,70105,70114,70137,70139,70161,70163,70177,70179,70239,70243,70248,70287,70289,70306,70308,70318,70417,70422,70426,70431,70474,70476,70504,70506,70520,70595,70597,70619,70623,70626,70631,70642,70647,70655,70658,70729,70731,70756,70813,70815,70836,70845,70853,70858,70860,70865,70886,70889,70964,70967,70981,70988,70990,70994,71000,71004,71014,71018,71025,71029,71035,71037,71062],[10,69113,69109],{"id":69114},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69116,69117,69119],{},[15,69118,54461],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69121,69122],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69124,69125,69128],{},[33,69126,69127],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69129,69130],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69132,69133,69134,69136,69137,8295,69139,69143],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69135,12359],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69138,12359],{},[587,69140,69141],{"href":54451},[15,69142,54908],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[59,69145,62],{"id":61},[64,69147,69149],{"className":66,"code":69148,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69150,69151,69171,69186,69190,69201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69152,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69154,523],{"class":79},[73,69156,84],{"class":83},[73,69158,528],{"class":105},[73,69160,1920],{"class":315},[73,69162,149],{"class":105},[73,69164,7380],{"class":315},[73,69166,149],{"class":105},[73,69168,7385],{"class":315},[73,69170,229],{"class":105},[73,69172,69173,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69174,69175],{"class":79},"last_item ",[73,69177,84],{"class":83},[73,69179,3851],{"class":79},[73,69181,817],{"class":105},[73,69183,569],{"class":114},[73,69185,8233],{"class":105},[73,69187,69188],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69189,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69191,69192,69194,69196,69199],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69193,102],{"class":101},[73,69195,106],{"class":105},[73,69197,69198],{"class":114},"last_item",[73,69200,854],{"class":105},[73,69202,69203,69205,69207,69209],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69204,102],{"class":101},[73,69206,106],{"class":105},[73,69208,553],{"class":114},[73,69210,854],{"class":105},[20,69212,1660],{},[64,69214,69216],{"className":66,"code":69215,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69217,69218,69223],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69219,69220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69221,69222],{"class":315},"30\n",[73,69224,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69226,138],{"class":105},[73,69228,1920],{"class":315},[73,69230,149],{"class":105},[73,69232,7380],{"class":315},[73,69234,229],{"class":105},[20,69236,121,69237,69239],{},[15,69238,12359],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[59,69241,69243],{"id":69242},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69245,69246,69248],{},[15,69247,12359],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69250,69251,69254],{},[33,69252,69253],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69255,69256],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69258,43025],{},[30,69260,69261,69264,69267],{},[33,69262,69263],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69265,69266],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69268,52124],{},[20,69270,714],{},[64,69272,69274],{"className":66,"code":69273,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69275,69276,69308,69312,69327,69331,69342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69277,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69279,12673],{"class":79},[73,69281,84],{"class":83},[73,69283,528],{"class":105},[73,69285,384],{"class":87},[73,69287,12690],{"class":91},[73,69289,384],{"class":87},[73,69291,149],{"class":105},[73,69293,88],{"class":87},[73,69295,17054],{"class":91},[73,69297,384],{"class":87},[73,69299,149],{"class":105},[73,69301,88],{"class":87},[73,69303,12707],{"class":91},[73,69305,384],{"class":87},[73,69307,229],{"class":105},[73,69309,69310],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69311,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69313,69314,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69315,69316],{"class":79},"removed ",[73,69318,84],{"class":83},[73,69320,12721],{"class":79},[73,69322,817],{"class":105},[73,69324,569],{"class":114},[73,69326,8233],{"class":105},[73,69328,69329],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69330,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69332,69333,69335,69337,69340],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69334,102],{"class":101},[73,69336,106],{"class":105},[73,69338,69339],{"class":114},"removed",[73,69341,854],{"class":105},[73,69343,69344,69346,69348,69350],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,69345,102],{"class":101},[73,69347,106],{"class":105},[73,69349,17101],{"class":114},[73,69351,854],{"class":105},[20,69353,1660],{},[64,69355,69357],{"className":66,"code":69356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69358,69359,69364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69360,69361],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69362,69363],{"class":79},"blue\n",[73,69365,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69367,138],{"class":105},[73,69369,141],{"class":87},[73,69371,12690],{"class":91},[73,69373,141],{"class":87},[73,69375,149],{"class":105},[73,69377,152],{"class":87},[73,69379,17054],{"class":91},[73,69381,141],{"class":87},[73,69383,229],{"class":105},[59,69385,285],{"id":284},[64,69387,69389],{"className":66,"code":69388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69390,69391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69392,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69394,7684],{"class":1270},[73,69396,817],{"class":105},[73,69398,569],{"class":114},[73,69400,401],{"class":105},[73,69402,35215],{"class":114},[73,69404,3475],{"class":105},[20,69406,1569,69407,69409],{},[15,69408,35215],{}," is optional.",[30,69411,69412,69418,69424],{},[33,69413,69414,69415,69417],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69416,12359],{}," removes the last item",[33,69419,69420,69421,69423],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69422,12359],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69425,69426],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69428,714],{},[64,69430,69432],{"className":66,"code":69431,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69433,69434,69466,69470,69489,69493,69503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69435,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69437,35460],{"class":79},[73,69439,84],{"class":83},[73,69441,528],{"class":105},[73,69443,384],{"class":87},[73,69445,587],{"class":91},[73,69447,384],{"class":87},[73,69449,149],{"class":105},[73,69451,88],{"class":87},[73,69453,4350],{"class":91},[73,69455,384],{"class":87},[73,69457,149],{"class":105},[73,69459,88],{"class":87},[73,69461,9332],{"class":91},[73,69463,384],{"class":87},[73,69465,229],{"class":105},[73,69467,69468],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69469,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69471,69472,69474,69476,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69473,28135],{"class":79},[73,69475,84],{"class":83},[73,69477,69478],{"class":79}," letters",[73,69480,817],{"class":105},[73,69482,569],{"class":114},[73,69484,106],{"class":105},[73,69486,404],{"class":315},[73,69488,854],{"class":105},[73,69490,69491],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69492,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69494,69495,69497,69499,69501],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69496,102],{"class":101},[73,69498,106],{"class":105},[73,69500,22910],{"class":114},[73,69502,854],{"class":105},[73,69504,69505,69507,69509,69511],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,69506,102],{"class":101},[73,69508,106],{"class":105},[73,69510,35513],{"class":114},[73,69512,854],{"class":105},[20,69514,1660],{},[64,69516,69518],{"className":66,"code":69517,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69519,69520,69525],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69521,69522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69523,69524],{"class":79},"b\n",[73,69526,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69528,138],{"class":105},[73,69530,141],{"class":87},[73,69532,587],{"class":91},[73,69534,141],{"class":87},[73,69536,149],{"class":105},[73,69538,152],{"class":87},[73,69540,9332],{"class":91},[73,69542,141],{"class":87},[73,69544,229],{"class":105},[20,69546,69547,69548,817],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[587,69549,52150],{"href":50357},[59,69551,69553],{"id":69552},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69555,69556,69557,69559],{},"When you call ",[15,69558,12359],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[64,69561,69563],{"className":66,"code":69562,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69564,69565,69600,69604,69619,69623,69634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69566,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69578,69580,69582,69584,69587,69589,69591,69593,69596,69598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69568,29495],{"class":79},[73,69570,84],{"class":83},[73,69572,528],{"class":105},[73,69574,384],{"class":87},[73,69576,69577],{"class":91},"write",[73,69579,384],{"class":87},[73,69581,149],{"class":105},[73,69583,88],{"class":87},[73,69585,69586],{"class":91},"test",[73,69588,384],{"class":87},[73,69590,149],{"class":105},[73,69592,88],{"class":87},[73,69594,69595],{"class":91},"submit",[73,69597,384],{"class":87},[73,69599,229],{"class":105},[73,69601,69602],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69603,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69605,69606,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69607,69608],{"class":79},"last_task ",[73,69610,84],{"class":83},[73,69612,29573],{"class":79},[73,69614,817],{"class":105},[73,69616,569],{"class":114},[73,69618,8233],{"class":105},[73,69620,69621],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69622,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69624,69625,69627,69629,69632],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69626,102],{"class":101},[73,69628,106],{"class":105},[73,69630,69631],{"class":114},"last_task",[73,69633,854],{"class":105},[73,69635,69636,69638,69640,69642],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,69637,102],{"class":101},[73,69639,106],{"class":105},[73,69641,35876],{"class":114},[73,69643,854],{"class":105},[20,69645,1660],{},[64,69647,69649],{"className":66,"code":69648,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69650,69651,69656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69652,69653],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69654,69655],{"class":79},"submit\n",[73,69657,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69659,138],{"class":105},[73,69661,141],{"class":87},[73,69663,69577],{"class":91},[73,69665,141],{"class":87},[73,69667,149],{"class":105},[73,69669,152],{"class":87},[73,69671,69586],{"class":91},[73,69673,141],{"class":87},[73,69675,229],{"class":105},[20,69677,69678],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[59,69680,69682],{"id":69681},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69684,69685],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[64,69687,69689],{"className":66,"code":69688,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69690,69691,69731,69735,69753,69757,69767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69692,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69694,35609],{"class":79},[73,69696,84],{"class":83},[73,69698,528],{"class":105},[73,69700,384],{"class":87},[73,69702,3666],{"class":91},[73,69704,384],{"class":87},[73,69706,149],{"class":105},[73,69708,88],{"class":87},[73,69710,3675],{"class":91},[73,69712,384],{"class":87},[73,69714,149],{"class":105},[73,69716,88],{"class":87},[73,69718,3684],{"class":91},[73,69720,384],{"class":87},[73,69722,149],{"class":105},[73,69724,88],{"class":87},[73,69726,32818],{"class":91},[73,69728,384],{"class":87},[73,69730,229],{"class":105},[73,69732,69733],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69734,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69736,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69738,69316],{"class":79},[73,69740,84],{"class":83},[73,69742,52230],{"class":79},[73,69744,817],{"class":105},[73,69746,569],{"class":114},[73,69748,106],{"class":105},[73,69750,404],{"class":315},[73,69752,854],{"class":105},[73,69754,69755],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69756,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69758,69759,69761,69763,69765],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69760,102],{"class":101},[73,69762,106],{"class":105},[73,69764,69339],{"class":114},[73,69766,854],{"class":105},[73,69768,69769,69771,69773,69775],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,69770,102],{"class":101},[73,69772,106],{"class":105},[73,69774,35661],{"class":114},[73,69776,854],{"class":105},[20,69778,1660],{},[64,69780,69782],{"className":66,"code":69781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69783,69784,69789],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69785,69786],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69787,69788],{"class":79},"banana\n",[73,69790,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69792,138],{"class":105},[73,69794,141],{"class":87},[73,69796,3666],{"class":91},[73,69798,141],{"class":87},[73,69800,149],{"class":105},[73,69802,152],{"class":87},[73,69804,3684],{"class":91},[73,69806,141],{"class":87},[73,69808,149],{"class":105},[73,69810,152],{"class":87},[73,69812,32818],{"class":91},[73,69814,141],{"class":87},[73,69816,229],{"class":105},[20,69818,69819],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[64,69821,69823],{"className":66,"code":69822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69824,69825,69857,69861,69881,69885,69895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69826,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69828,35609],{"class":79},[73,69830,84],{"class":83},[73,69832,528],{"class":105},[73,69834,384],{"class":87},[73,69836,3666],{"class":91},[73,69838,384],{"class":87},[73,69840,149],{"class":105},[73,69842,88],{"class":87},[73,69844,3675],{"class":91},[73,69846,384],{"class":87},[73,69848,149],{"class":105},[73,69850,88],{"class":87},[73,69852,3684],{"class":91},[73,69854,384],{"class":87},[73,69856,229],{"class":105},[73,69858,69859],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69860,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69862,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,69864,69316],{"class":79},[73,69866,84],{"class":83},[73,69868,52230],{"class":79},[73,69870,817],{"class":105},[73,69872,569],{"class":114},[73,69874,106],{"class":105},[73,69876,1611],{"class":83},[73,69878,404],{"class":315},[73,69880,854],{"class":105},[73,69882,69883],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,69884,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,69886,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,69888,102],{"class":101},[73,69890,106],{"class":105},[73,69892,69339],{"class":114},[73,69894,854],{"class":105},[73,69896,69897,69899,69901,69903],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,69898,102],{"class":101},[73,69900,106],{"class":105},[73,69902,35661],{"class":114},[73,69904,854],{"class":105},[20,69906,1660],{},[64,69908,69910],{"className":66,"code":69909,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69911,69912,69917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69913,69914],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69915,69916],{"class":79},"cherry\n",[73,69918,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,69920,138],{"class":105},[73,69922,141],{"class":87},[73,69924,3666],{"class":91},[73,69926,141],{"class":87},[73,69928,149],{"class":105},[73,69930,152],{"class":87},[73,69932,3675],{"class":91},[73,69934,141],{"class":87},[73,69936,229],{"class":105},[20,69938,69939,69940,69942],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69941,65236],{}," means the last item.",[20,69944,69945,69946,817],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[587,69947,69948,10333],{"href":58345},[15,69949,64247],{},[59,69951,69953],{"id":69952},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69955,69956,69958],{},[15,69957,12359],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69960,69961,69962,355,69964,817],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69963,12359],{},[587,69965,69966],{"href":54451},[15,69967,54908],{},[20,69969,714],{},[64,69971,69973],{"className":66,"code":69972,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69974,69975,70007,70011,70030,70034,70045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69976,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69978,4585],{"class":79},[73,69980,84],{"class":83},[73,69982,528],{"class":105},[73,69984,384],{"class":87},[73,69986,12477],{"class":91},[73,69988,384],{"class":87},[73,69990,149],{"class":105},[73,69992,88],{"class":87},[73,69994,35310],{"class":91},[73,69996,384],{"class":87},[73,69998,149],{"class":105},[73,70000,88],{"class":87},[73,70002,35319],{"class":91},[73,70004,384],{"class":87},[73,70006,229],{"class":105},[73,70008,70009],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70010,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70012,70013,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70014,70015],{"class":79},"removed_name ",[73,70017,84],{"class":83},[73,70019,68958],{"class":79},[73,70021,817],{"class":105},[73,70023,569],{"class":114},[73,70025,106],{"class":105},[73,70027,1710],{"class":315},[73,70029,854],{"class":105},[73,70031,70032],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70033,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70035,70036,70038,70040,70043],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70037,102],{"class":101},[73,70039,106],{"class":105},[73,70041,70042],{"class":114},"removed_name",[73,70044,854],{"class":105},[73,70046,70047,70049,70051,70053],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,70048,102],{"class":101},[73,70050,106],{"class":105},[73,70052,4629],{"class":114},[73,70054,854],{"class":105},[20,70056,1660],{},[64,70058,70060],{"className":66,"code":70059,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70061,70062,70066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70063,70064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70065,49417],{"class":79},[73,70067,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70069,138],{"class":105},[73,70071,141],{"class":87},[73,70073,35310],{"class":91},[73,70075,141],{"class":87},[73,70077,149],{"class":105},[73,70079,152],{"class":87},[73,70081,35319],{"class":91},[73,70083,141],{"class":87},[73,70085,229],{"class":105},[20,70087,70088],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70090,70091,70092,70094,70095,817],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70093,54908],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70096,3364],{},[59,70098,70100],{"id":70099},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[292,70102,70104],{"id":70103},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70106,70107,70108,70110,70111,817],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70109,12359],{}," raises an ",[15,70112,70113],{},"IndexError",[64,70115,70117],{"className":66,"code":70116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70118,70119,70127],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70120,70121,70123,70125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70122,7369],{"class":79},[73,70124,84],{"class":83},[73,70126,7429],{"class":105},[73,70128,70129,70131,70133,70135],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70130,7400],{"class":79},[73,70132,817],{"class":105},[73,70134,569],{"class":114},[73,70136,8233],{"class":105},[20,70138,1660],{},[64,70140,70142],{"className":66,"code":70141,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70143,70144],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70145,70146,70148,70150,70153,70156,70159],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70147,70113],{"class":1270},[73,70149,2475],{"class":105},[73,70151,70152],{"class":79}," pop ",[73,70154,70155],{"class":646},"from",[73,70157,70158],{"class":79}," empty ",[73,70160,49263],{"class":1270},[20,70162,38634],{},[30,70164,70165,70170],{},[33,70166,70167,70168],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70169,12359],{},[33,70171,70172,70173,355,70175],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70174,29401],{},[15,70176,29432],{},[20,70178,714],{},[64,70180,70182],{"className":66,"code":70181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70183,70184,70192,70196,70204,70218,70224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70185,70186,70188,70190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70187,7369],{"class":79},[73,70189,84],{"class":83},[73,70191,7429],{"class":105},[73,70193,70194],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70195,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70197,70198,70200,70202],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70199,6588],{"class":646},[73,70201,5553],{"class":79},[73,70203,5982],{"class":105},[73,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70207,7659],{"class":101},[73,70209,106],{"class":105},[73,70211,7400],{"class":114},[73,70213,817],{"class":105},[73,70215,569],{"class":114},[73,70217,348],{"class":105},[73,70219,70220,70222],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70221,27030],{"class":646},[73,70223,5982],{"class":105},[73,70225,70226,70228,70230,70232,70235,70237],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,70227,7659],{"class":101},[73,70229,106],{"class":105},[73,70231,384],{"class":87},[73,70233,70234],{"class":91},"The list is empty.",[73,70236,384],{"class":87},[73,70238,854],{"class":105},[292,70240,70242],{"id":70241},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70244,70245,70246,817],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70247,70113],{},[64,70249,70251],{"className":66,"code":70250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70252,70253,70273],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70254,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70256,523],{"class":79},[73,70258,84],{"class":83},[73,70260,528],{"class":105},[73,70262,1920],{"class":315},[73,70264,149],{"class":105},[73,70266,7380],{"class":315},[73,70268,149],{"class":105},[73,70270,7385],{"class":315},[73,70272,229],{"class":105},[73,70274,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70276,553],{"class":79},[73,70278,817],{"class":105},[73,70280,569],{"class":114},[73,70282,106],{"class":105},[73,70284,1727],{"class":315},[73,70286,854],{"class":105},[20,70288,1660],{},[64,70290,70292],{"className":66,"code":70291,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70293,70294],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70295,70296,70298,70300,70303],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70297,70113],{"class":1270},[73,70299,2475],{"class":105},[73,70301,70302],{"class":79}," pop index out of ",[73,70304,70305],{"class":101},"range\n",[20,70307,38634],{},[30,70309,70310,70315],{},[33,70311,70312,70313],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70314,41735],{},[33,70316,70317],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[64,70319,70321],{"className":66,"code":70320,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70322,70323,70343,70352,70356,70378,70396,70402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70324,70325,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70326,523],{"class":79},[73,70328,84],{"class":83},[73,70330,528],{"class":105},[73,70332,1920],{"class":315},[73,70334,149],{"class":105},[73,70336,7380],{"class":315},[73,70338,149],{"class":105},[73,70340,7385],{"class":315},[73,70342,229],{"class":105},[73,70344,70345,70348,70350],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70346,70347],{"class":79},"index ",[73,70349,84],{"class":83},[73,70351,44965],{"class":315},[73,70353,70354],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70355,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70357,70358,70360,70362,70365,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70359,6588],{"class":646},[73,70361,3420],{"class":315},[73,70363,70364],{"class":83}," \u003C=",[73,70366,70367],{"class":79}," index ",[73,70369,2879],{"class":83},[73,70371,37758],{"class":101},[73,70373,106],{"class":105},[73,70375,553],{"class":114},[73,70377,7933],{"class":105},[73,70379,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70381,7659],{"class":101},[73,70383,106],{"class":105},[73,70385,553],{"class":114},[73,70387,817],{"class":105},[73,70389,569],{"class":114},[73,70391,106],{"class":105},[73,70393,35215],{"class":114},[73,70395,118],{"class":105},[73,70397,70398,70400],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,70399,27030],{"class":646},[73,70401,5982],{"class":105},[73,70403,70404,70406,70408,70410,70413,70415],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,70405,7659],{"class":101},[73,70407,106],{"class":105},[73,70409,384],{"class":87},[73,70411,70412],{"class":91},"Index is out of range.",[73,70414,384],{"class":87},[73,70416,854],{"class":105},[20,70418,70419,70420,817],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[587,70421,68641],{"href":68640},[292,70423,70425],{"id":70424},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70427,70428,70430],{},[15,70429,12359],{}," expects an integer index.",[64,70432,70434],{"className":66,"code":70433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70435,70436,70456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452,70454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70439,523],{"class":79},[73,70441,84],{"class":83},[73,70443,528],{"class":105},[73,70445,1920],{"class":315},[73,70447,149],{"class":105},[73,70449,7380],{"class":315},[73,70451,149],{"class":105},[73,70453,7385],{"class":315},[73,70455,229],{"class":105},[73,70457,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70459,553],{"class":79},[73,70461,817],{"class":105},[73,70463,569],{"class":114},[73,70465,106],{"class":105},[73,70467,384],{"class":87},[73,70469,404],{"class":91},[73,70471,384],{"class":87},[73,70473,854],{"class":105},[20,70475,1660],{},[64,70477,70479],{"className":66,"code":70478,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70480,70481],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70498,70501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70484,2594],{"class":1270},[73,70486,2475],{"class":105},[73,70488,152],{"class":87},[73,70490,3031],{"class":91},[73,70492,141],{"class":87},[73,70494,24217],{"class":1270},[73,70496,70497],{"class":79}," cannot be interpreted ",[73,70499,70500],{"class":646},"as",[73,70502,70503],{"class":79}," an integer\n",[20,70505,38634],{},[30,70507,70508,70517],{},[33,70509,70510,70511,995,70513,1782,70515],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70512,1710],{},[15,70514,404],{},[15,70516,65236],{},[33,70518,70519],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[64,70521,70523],{"className":66,"code":70522,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70524,70525,70545,70563,70567,70585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70526,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70528,523],{"class":79},[73,70530,84],{"class":83},[73,70532,528],{"class":105},[73,70534,1920],{"class":315},[73,70536,149],{"class":105},[73,70538,7380],{"class":315},[73,70540,149],{"class":105},[73,70542,7385],{"class":315},[73,70544,229],{"class":105},[73,70546,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70548,70347],{"class":79},[73,70550,84],{"class":83},[73,70552,44652],{"class":1270},[73,70554,106],{"class":105},[73,70556,384],{"class":87},[73,70558,404],{"class":91},[73,70560,384],{"class":87},[73,70562,854],{"class":105},[73,70564,70565],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70566,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70568,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70570,102],{"class":101},[73,70572,106],{"class":105},[73,70574,553],{"class":114},[73,70576,817],{"class":105},[73,70578,569],{"class":114},[73,70580,106],{"class":105},[73,70582,35215],{"class":114},[73,70584,118],{"class":105},[73,70586,70587,70589,70591,70593],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70588,102],{"class":101},[73,70590,106],{"class":105},[73,70592,553],{"class":114},[73,70594,854],{"class":105},[20,70596,1660],{},[64,70598,70600],{"className":66,"code":70599,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70601,70602,70607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70603,70604],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70605,70606],{"class":315},"20\n",[73,70608,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70610,138],{"class":105},[73,70612,1920],{"class":315},[73,70614,149],{"class":105},[73,70616,7385],{"class":315},[73,70618,229],{"class":105},[59,70620,70622],{"id":70621},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70624,70625],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[292,70627,121,70629,10193],{"id":70628},"use-pop-when",[15,70630,12359],{},[30,70632,70633,70636,70639],{},[33,70634,70635],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,70637,70638],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,70640,70641],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[292,70643,121,70645,10193],{"id":70644},"use-remove-when",[15,70646,54908],{},[30,70648,70649,70652],{},[33,70650,70651],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,70653,70654],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70656,70657],{},"Compare these examples:",[64,70659,70661],{"className":66,"code":70660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70662,70663,70687,70691,70709,70719],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70664,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70666,523],{"class":79},[73,70668,84],{"class":83},[73,70670,528],{"class":105},[73,70672,1920],{"class":315},[73,70674,149],{"class":105},[73,70676,7380],{"class":315},[73,70678,149],{"class":105},[73,70680,7385],{"class":315},[73,70682,149],{"class":105},[73,70684,7380],{"class":315},[73,70686,229],{"class":105},[73,70688,70689],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70690,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70692,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70694,69316],{"class":79},[73,70696,84],{"class":83},[73,70698,3851],{"class":79},[73,70700,817],{"class":105},[73,70702,569],{"class":114},[73,70704,106],{"class":105},[73,70706,404],{"class":315},[73,70708,854],{"class":105},[73,70710,70711,70713,70715,70717],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70712,102],{"class":101},[73,70714,106],{"class":105},[73,70716,69339],{"class":114},[73,70718,854],{"class":105},[73,70720,70721,70723,70725,70727],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70722,102],{"class":101},[73,70724,106],{"class":105},[73,70726,553],{"class":114},[73,70728,854],{"class":105},[20,70730,1660],{},[64,70732,70734],{"className":66,"code":70733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70735,70736,70740],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70737,70738],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70739,70606],{"class":315},[73,70741,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70743,138],{"class":105},[73,70745,1920],{"class":315},[73,70747,149],{"class":105},[73,70749,7385],{"class":315},[73,70751,149],{"class":105},[73,70753,7380],{"class":315},[73,70755,229],{"class":105},[64,70757,70759],{"className":66,"code":70758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70760,70761,70785,70789,70803],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70762,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70764,523],{"class":79},[73,70766,84],{"class":83},[73,70768,528],{"class":105},[73,70770,1920],{"class":315},[73,70772,149],{"class":105},[73,70774,7380],{"class":315},[73,70776,149],{"class":105},[73,70778,7385],{"class":315},[73,70780,149],{"class":105},[73,70782,7380],{"class":315},[73,70784,229],{"class":105},[73,70786,70787],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70788,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,70790,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70792,553],{"class":79},[73,70794,817],{"class":105},[73,70796,574],{"class":114},[73,70798,106],{"class":105},[73,70800,15352],{"class":315},[73,70802,854],{"class":105},[73,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70806,102],{"class":101},[73,70808,106],{"class":105},[73,70810,553],{"class":114},[73,70812,854],{"class":105},[20,70814,1660],{},[64,70816,70818],{"className":66,"code":70817,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70819,70820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70823,138],{"class":105},[73,70825,1920],{"class":315},[73,70827,149],{"class":105},[73,70829,7385],{"class":315},[73,70831,149],{"class":105},[73,70833,7380],{"class":315},[73,70835,229],{"class":105},[20,70837,70838,70839,70842,70843,817],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70840,70841],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70844,404],{},[20,70846,55984,70847,70850,70851,817],{},[15,70848,70849],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70852,15352],{},[20,70854,70855,70856,817],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[587,70857,54447],{"href":54446},[59,70859,1207],{"id":1206},[20,70861,70862,70863,2475],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70864,12359],{},[30,70866,70867,70870,70873,70879,70883],{},[33,70868,70869],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,70871,70872],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,70874,36575,70875,8295,70877],{},[15,70876,12359],{},[15,70878,54908],{},[33,70880,8044,70881,61353],{},[15,70882,12359],{},[33,70884,70885],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70887,70888],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[64,70890,70892],{"className":66,"code":70891,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70893,70894,70904,70918,70932,70950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70895,70896,70898,70900,70902],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70897,102],{"class":101},[73,70899,106],{"class":105},[73,70901,7930],{"class":114},[73,70903,854],{"class":105},[73,70905,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,70907,102],{"class":101},[73,70909,106],{"class":105},[73,70911,10755],{"class":101},[73,70913,106],{"class":105},[73,70915,7930],{"class":114},[73,70917,118],{"class":105},[73,70919,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,70921,102],{"class":101},[73,70923,106],{"class":105},[73,70925,7930],{"class":114},[73,70927,817],{"class":105},[73,70929,569],{"class":114},[73,70931,348],{"class":105},[73,70933,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,70935,102],{"class":101},[73,70937,106],{"class":105},[73,70939,7930],{"class":114},[73,70941,817],{"class":105},[73,70943,569],{"class":114},[73,70945,106],{"class":105},[73,70947,1710],{"class":315},[73,70949,118],{"class":105},[73,70951,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,70953,102],{"class":101},[73,70955,106],{"class":105},[73,70957,1271],{"class":1270},[73,70959,106],{"class":105},[73,70961,35215],{"class":114},[73,70963,118],{"class":105},[20,70965,70966],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,70968,70969,70975],{},[33,70970,70971,70974],{},[15,70972,70973],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,70976,70977,70980],{},[15,70978,70979],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70982,70983,70984,70987],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70985,70986],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[59,70989,1405],{"id":1404},[292,70991,70993],{"id":70992},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70995,70996,70997,70999],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70998,12359],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[292,71001,71003],{"id":71002},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71005,71006,71008,71009,71011,71012,817],{},[15,71007,12359],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71010,54908],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71013,3364],{},[292,71015,71017],{"id":71016},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71019,71020,71021,71024],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71022,71023],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[292,71026,71028],{"id":71027},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71030,71031,71032,71034],{},"Python raises ",[15,71033,70113],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[59,71036,1461],{"id":1460},[30,71038,71039,71043,71048,71053,71058],{},[33,71040,71041],{},[587,71042,54894],{"href":54446},[33,71044,71045],{},[587,71046,71047],{"href":54451},"Python list remove() method",[33,71049,71050],{},[587,71051,71052],{"href":58345},"Python list index() method",[33,71054,71055],{},[587,71056,71057],{"href":50357},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71059,71060],{},[587,71061,68641],{"href":68640},[1500,71063,71064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":71066},[71067,71068,71069,71070,71071,71072,71073,71078,71084,71085,71091],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":69242,"depth":98,"text":69243},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":69552,"depth":98,"text":69553},{"id":69681,"depth":98,"text":69682},{"id":69952,"depth":98,"text":69953},{"id":70099,"depth":98,"text":70100,"children":71074},[71075,71076,71077],{"id":70103,"depth":332,"text":70104},{"id":70241,"depth":332,"text":70242},{"id":70424,"depth":332,"text":70425},{"id":70621,"depth":98,"text":70622,"children":71079},[71080,71082],{"id":70628,"depth":332,"text":71081},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70644,"depth":332,"text":71083},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":71086},[71087,71088,71089,71090],{"id":70992,"depth":332,"text":70993},{"id":71002,"depth":332,"text":71003},{"id":71016,"depth":332,"text":71017},{"id":71027,"depth":332,"text":71028},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69109,"description":71092},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71099,"title":71100,"body":71101,"description":72887,"extension":1552,"meta":72888,"navigation":335,"path":72889,"seo":72890,"stem":72891,"__hash__":72892},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71102,"toc":72869},[71103,71106,71111,71117,71119,71189,71195,71199,71204,71225,71228,71295,71297,71318,71326,71328,71347,71363,71365,71430,71432,71457,71459,71461,71526,71528,71553,71555,71569,71572,71625,71627,71648,71652,71660,71733,71735,71768,71774,71780,71871,71873,71898,71904,71993,71995,72019,72021,72025,72080,72082,72114,72117,72120,72214,72216,72249,72255,72261,72265,72272,72298,72302,72367,72369,72394,72398,72479,72481,72510,72515,72520,72526,72530,72537,72559,72563,72622,72624,72648,72657,72662,72664,72668,72697,72699,72774,72777,72791,72797,72799,72803,72806,72810,72815,72819,72828,72832,72840,72842,72866],[10,71104,71100],{"id":71105},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71107,1569,71108,71110],{},[15,71109,54454],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71112,71113,71114,71116],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[55,71115,2063],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[59,71118,62],{"id":61},[64,71120,71122],{"className":66,"code":71121,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71123,71124,71156,71174,71184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71125,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71127,7369],{"class":79},[73,71129,84],{"class":83},[73,71131,528],{"class":105},[73,71133,384],{"class":87},[73,71135,3666],{"class":91},[73,71137,384],{"class":87},[73,71139,149],{"class":105},[73,71141,88],{"class":87},[73,71143,3675],{"class":91},[73,71145,384],{"class":87},[73,71147,149],{"class":105},[73,71149,88],{"class":87},[73,71151,32818],{"class":91},[73,71153,384],{"class":87},[73,71155,229],{"class":105},[73,71157,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71159,7400],{"class":79},[73,71161,817],{"class":105},[73,71163,574],{"class":114},[73,71165,106],{"class":105},[73,71167,384],{"class":87},[73,71169,3675],{"class":91},[73,71171,384],{"class":87},[73,71173,854],{"class":105},[73,71175,71176,71178,71180,71182],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71177,102],{"class":101},[73,71179,106],{"class":105},[73,71181,7400],{"class":114},[73,71183,854],{"class":105},[73,71185,71186],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,71187,71188],{"class":3249},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71190,121,71191,71194],{},[15,71192,71193],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[59,71196,71198],{"id":71197},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71200,71201,71203],{},[15,71202,54908],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71205,71206,71212,71217,71222],{},[33,71207,71208,71209,71211],{},"Deletes the ",[55,71210,29506],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71213,71214,71215],{},"Changes the original list ",[55,71216,10928],{},[33,71218,12300,71219,71221],{},[55,71220,806],{}," return a new list",[33,71223,71224],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71226,71227],{},"This is important for beginners:",[64,71229,71231],{"className":66,"code":71230,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71232,71233,71253,71271,71275,71285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71236,523],{"class":79},[73,71238,84],{"class":83},[73,71240,528],{"class":105},[73,71242,404],{"class":315},[73,71244,149],{"class":105},[73,71246,409],{"class":315},[73,71248,149],{"class":105},[73,71250,414],{"class":315},[73,71252,229],{"class":105},[73,71254,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71256,1819],{"class":79},[73,71258,84],{"class":83},[73,71260,3851],{"class":79},[73,71262,817],{"class":105},[73,71264,574],{"class":114},[73,71266,106],{"class":105},[73,71268,1646],{"class":315},[73,71270,854],{"class":105},[73,71272,71273],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71274,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,71276,71277,71279,71281,71283],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,71278,102],{"class":101},[73,71280,106],{"class":105},[73,71282,553],{"class":114},[73,71284,854],{"class":105},[73,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,71288,102],{"class":101},[73,71290,106],{"class":105},[73,71292,1854],{"class":114},[73,71294,854],{"class":105},[20,71296,1660],{},[64,71298,71300],{"className":66,"code":71299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71301,71302,71314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71303,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71305,138],{"class":105},[73,71307,404],{"class":315},[73,71309,149],{"class":105},[73,71311,414],{"class":315},[73,71313,229],{"class":105},[73,71315,71316],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71317,11403],{"class":3438},[20,71319,71320,71321,71323,71324,817],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71322,54908],{}," itself returned ",[15,71325,3364],{},[59,71327,5018],{"id":5017},[64,71329,71331],{"className":66,"code":71330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71332,71333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71334,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71336,7684],{"class":1270},[73,71338,817],{"class":105},[73,71340,574],{"class":114},[73,71342,106],{"class":105},[73,71344,2063],{"class":114},[73,71346,854],{"class":105},[30,71348,71349,71354,71357],{},[33,71350,71351,71353],{},[15,71352,2063],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71355,71356],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71358,71359,71360,71362],{},"Only the ",[55,71361,29506],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71364,714],{},[64,71366,71368],{"className":66,"code":71367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71369,71370,71402,71420],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71371,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71373,35460],{"class":79},[73,71375,84],{"class":83},[73,71377,528],{"class":105},[73,71379,384],{"class":87},[73,71381,587],{"class":91},[73,71383,384],{"class":87},[73,71385,149],{"class":105},[73,71387,88],{"class":87},[73,71389,4350],{"class":91},[73,71391,384],{"class":87},[73,71393,149],{"class":105},[73,71395,88],{"class":87},[73,71397,9332],{"class":91},[73,71399,384],{"class":87},[73,71401,229],{"class":105},[73,71403,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71405,35513],{"class":79},[73,71407,817],{"class":105},[73,71409,574],{"class":114},[73,71411,106],{"class":105},[73,71413,384],{"class":87},[73,71415,4350],{"class":91},[73,71417,384],{"class":87},[73,71419,854],{"class":105},[73,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71423,102],{"class":101},[73,71425,106],{"class":105},[73,71427,35513],{"class":114},[73,71429,854],{"class":105},[20,71431,1660],{},[64,71433,71435],{"className":66,"code":71434,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71436,71437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71438,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71440,138],{"class":105},[73,71442,141],{"class":87},[73,71444,587],{"class":91},[73,71446,141],{"class":87},[73,71448,149],{"class":105},[73,71450,152],{"class":87},[73,71452,9332],{"class":91},[73,71454,141],{"class":87},[73,71456,229],{"class":105},[59,71458,5374],{"id":5373},[20,71460,64556],{},[64,71462,71464],{"className":66,"code":71463,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71465,71466,71498,71516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71467,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490,71492,71494,71496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71469,12673],{"class":79},[73,71471,84],{"class":83},[73,71473,528],{"class":105},[73,71475,384],{"class":87},[73,71477,12690],{"class":91},[73,71479,384],{"class":87},[73,71481,149],{"class":105},[73,71483,88],{"class":87},[73,71485,12707],{"class":91},[73,71487,384],{"class":87},[73,71489,149],{"class":105},[73,71491,88],{"class":87},[73,71493,17054],{"class":91},[73,71495,384],{"class":87},[73,71497,229],{"class":105},[73,71499,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71501,17101],{"class":79},[73,71503,817],{"class":105},[73,71505,574],{"class":114},[73,71507,106],{"class":105},[73,71509,384],{"class":87},[73,71511,12707],{"class":91},[73,71513,384],{"class":87},[73,71515,854],{"class":105},[73,71517,71518,71520,71522,71524],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71519,102],{"class":101},[73,71521,106],{"class":105},[73,71523,17101],{"class":114},[73,71525,854],{"class":105},[20,71527,1660],{},[64,71529,71531],{"className":66,"code":71530,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71532,71533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71534,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549,71551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71536,138],{"class":105},[73,71538,141],{"class":87},[73,71540,12690],{"class":91},[73,71542,141],{"class":87},[73,71544,149],{"class":105},[73,71546,152],{"class":87},[73,71548,17054],{"class":91},[73,71550,141],{"class":87},[73,71552,229],{"class":105},[20,71554,11278],{},[30,71556,71557,71560,71566],{},[33,71558,71559],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71561,71562,71565],{},[15,71563,71564],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71567,71568],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71570,71571],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[64,71573,71575],{"className":66,"code":71574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71576,71577,71601,71615],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71578,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71580,4654],{"class":79},[73,71582,84],{"class":83},[73,71584,528],{"class":105},[73,71586,1920],{"class":315},[73,71588,149],{"class":105},[73,71590,7380],{"class":315},[73,71592,149],{"class":105},[73,71594,7385],{"class":315},[73,71596,149],{"class":105},[73,71598,50221],{"class":315},[73,71600,229],{"class":105},[73,71602,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71604,15987],{"class":79},[73,71606,817],{"class":105},[73,71608,574],{"class":114},[73,71610,106],{"class":105},[73,71612,36212],{"class":315},[73,71614,854],{"class":105},[73,71616,71617,71619,71621,71623],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71618,102],{"class":101},[73,71620,106],{"class":105},[73,71622,15987],{"class":114},[73,71624,854],{"class":105},[20,71626,1660],{},[64,71628,71630],{"className":66,"code":71629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71631,71632],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71633,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71635,138],{"class":105},[73,71637,1920],{"class":315},[73,71639,149],{"class":105},[73,71641,7380],{"class":315},[73,71643,149],{"class":105},[73,71645,50221],{"class":315},[73,71647,229],{"class":105},[59,71649,71651],{"id":71650},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71653,64546,71654,71656,71657,71659],{},[15,71655,54908],{}," deletes only the ",[55,71658,29506],{}," one.",[64,71661,71663],{"className":66,"code":71662,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71664,71665,71705,71723],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71666,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71668,7369],{"class":79},[73,71670,84],{"class":83},[73,71672,528],{"class":105},[73,71674,384],{"class":87},[73,71676,3666],{"class":91},[73,71678,384],{"class":87},[73,71680,149],{"class":105},[73,71682,88],{"class":87},[73,71684,3675],{"class":91},[73,71686,384],{"class":87},[73,71688,149],{"class":105},[73,71690,88],{"class":87},[73,71692,3666],{"class":91},[73,71694,384],{"class":87},[73,71696,149],{"class":105},[73,71698,88],{"class":87},[73,71700,32818],{"class":91},[73,71702,384],{"class":87},[73,71704,229],{"class":105},[73,71706,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71708,7400],{"class":79},[73,71710,817],{"class":105},[73,71712,574],{"class":114},[73,71714,106],{"class":105},[73,71716,384],{"class":87},[73,71718,3666],{"class":91},[73,71720,384],{"class":87},[73,71722,854],{"class":105},[73,71724,71725,71727,71729,71731],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71726,102],{"class":101},[73,71728,106],{"class":105},[73,71730,7400],{"class":114},[73,71732,854],{"class":105},[20,71734,1660],{},[64,71736,71738],{"className":66,"code":71737,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71739,71740],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71741,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71743,138],{"class":105},[73,71745,141],{"class":87},[73,71747,3675],{"class":91},[73,71749,141],{"class":87},[73,71751,149],{"class":105},[73,71753,152],{"class":87},[73,71755,3666],{"class":91},[73,71757,141],{"class":87},[73,71759,149],{"class":105},[73,71761,152],{"class":87},[73,71763,32818],{"class":91},[73,71765,141],{"class":87},[73,71767,229],{"class":105},[20,71769,71770,71771,71773],{},"Only the first ",[15,71772,57213],{}," was removed.",[20,71775,71776,71777,71779],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71778,54908],{}," again:",[64,71781,71783],{"className":66,"code":71782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71784,71785,71825,71843,71861],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71786,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71788,7369],{"class":79},[73,71790,84],{"class":83},[73,71792,528],{"class":105},[73,71794,384],{"class":87},[73,71796,3666],{"class":91},[73,71798,384],{"class":87},[73,71800,149],{"class":105},[73,71802,88],{"class":87},[73,71804,3675],{"class":91},[73,71806,384],{"class":87},[73,71808,149],{"class":105},[73,71810,88],{"class":87},[73,71812,3666],{"class":91},[73,71814,384],{"class":87},[73,71816,149],{"class":105},[73,71818,88],{"class":87},[73,71820,32818],{"class":91},[73,71822,384],{"class":87},[73,71824,229],{"class":105},[73,71826,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71828,7400],{"class":79},[73,71830,817],{"class":105},[73,71832,574],{"class":114},[73,71834,106],{"class":105},[73,71836,384],{"class":87},[73,71838,3666],{"class":91},[73,71840,384],{"class":87},[73,71842,854],{"class":105},[73,71844,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71846,7400],{"class":79},[73,71848,817],{"class":105},[73,71850,574],{"class":114},[73,71852,106],{"class":105},[73,71854,384],{"class":87},[73,71856,3666],{"class":91},[73,71858,384],{"class":87},[73,71860,854],{"class":105},[73,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,71864,102],{"class":101},[73,71866,106],{"class":105},[73,71868,7400],{"class":114},[73,71870,854],{"class":105},[20,71872,1660],{},[64,71874,71876],{"className":66,"code":71875,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71877,71878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71881,138],{"class":105},[73,71883,141],{"class":87},[73,71885,3675],{"class":91},[73,71887,141],{"class":87},[73,71889,149],{"class":105},[73,71891,152],{"class":87},[73,71893,32818],{"class":91},[73,71895,141],{"class":87},[73,71897,229],{"class":105},[20,71899,71900,71901,71903],{},"If you need to remove ",[55,71902,3301],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[64,71905,71907],{"className":66,"code":71906,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71908,71909,71949,71983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71910,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71912,7369],{"class":79},[73,71914,84],{"class":83},[73,71916,528],{"class":105},[73,71918,384],{"class":87},[73,71920,3666],{"class":91},[73,71922,384],{"class":87},[73,71924,149],{"class":105},[73,71926,88],{"class":87},[73,71928,3675],{"class":91},[73,71930,384],{"class":87},[73,71932,149],{"class":105},[73,71934,88],{"class":87},[73,71936,3666],{"class":91},[73,71938,384],{"class":87},[73,71940,149],{"class":105},[73,71942,88],{"class":87},[73,71944,32818],{"class":91},[73,71946,384],{"class":87},[73,71948,229],{"class":105},[73,71950,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71968,71970,71972,71975,71977,71979,71981],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,71952,7369],{"class":79},[73,71954,84],{"class":83},[73,71956,528],{"class":105},[73,71958,28135],{"class":79},[73,71960,5545],{"class":646},[73,71962,5548],{"class":79},[73,71964,3469],{"class":646},[73,71966,71967],{"class":79}," items ",[73,71969,6588],{"class":646},[73,71971,5548],{"class":79},[73,71973,71974],{"class":83},"!=",[73,71976,88],{"class":87},[73,71978,3666],{"class":91},[73,71980,384],{"class":87},[73,71982,229],{"class":105},[73,71984,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,71986,102],{"class":101},[73,71988,106],{"class":105},[73,71990,7400],{"class":114},[73,71992,854],{"class":105},[20,71994,1660],{},[64,71996,71997],{"className":66,"code":71875,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,71998,71999],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72000,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72002,138],{"class":105},[73,72004,141],{"class":87},[73,72006,3675],{"class":91},[73,72008,141],{"class":87},[73,72010,149],{"class":105},[73,72012,152],{"class":87},[73,72014,32818],{"class":91},[73,72016,141],{"class":87},[73,72018,229],{"class":105},[59,72020,65012],{"id":65011},[20,72022,65015,72023,817],{},[15,72024,40077],{},[64,72026,72028],{"className":66,"code":72027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72029,72030,72062],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72031,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72033,7369],{"class":79},[73,72035,84],{"class":83},[73,72037,528],{"class":105},[73,72039,384],{"class":87},[73,72041,3666],{"class":91},[73,72043,384],{"class":87},[73,72045,149],{"class":105},[73,72047,88],{"class":87},[73,72049,3675],{"class":91},[73,72051,384],{"class":87},[73,72053,149],{"class":105},[73,72055,88],{"class":87},[73,72057,32818],{"class":91},[73,72059,384],{"class":87},[73,72061,229],{"class":105},[73,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72065,7400],{"class":79},[73,72067,817],{"class":105},[73,72069,574],{"class":114},[73,72071,106],{"class":105},[73,72073,384],{"class":87},[73,72075,22132],{"class":91},[73,72077,384],{"class":87},[73,72079,854],{"class":105},[20,72081,1660],{},[64,72083,72085],{"className":66,"code":72084,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72086,72087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72090,40077],{"class":1270},[73,72092,2475],{"class":105},[73,72094,22159],{"class":1270},[73,72096,817],{"class":105},[73,72098,574],{"class":114},[73,72100,106],{"class":105},[73,72102,354],{"class":114},[73,72104,16050],{"class":105},[73,72106,3466],{"class":79},[73,72108,806],{"class":83},[73,72110,20773],{"class":83},[73,72112,72113],{"class":1270}," list\n",[20,72115,72116],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72118,72119],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[64,72121,72123],{"className":66,"code":72122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72124,72125,72157,72169,72173,72185,72200,72204],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72126,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72128,7369],{"class":79},[73,72130,84],{"class":83},[73,72132,528],{"class":105},[73,72134,384],{"class":87},[73,72136,3666],{"class":91},[73,72138,384],{"class":87},[73,72140,149],{"class":105},[73,72142,88],{"class":87},[73,72144,3675],{"class":91},[73,72146,384],{"class":87},[73,72148,149],{"class":105},[73,72150,88],{"class":87},[73,72152,32818],{"class":91},[73,72154,384],{"class":87},[73,72156,229],{"class":105},[73,72158,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72160,2037],{"class":79},[73,72162,84],{"class":83},[73,72164,88],{"class":87},[73,72166,22132],{"class":91},[73,72168,95],{"class":87},[73,72170,72171],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72172,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,72174,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,72176,6588],{"class":646},[73,72178,21184],{"class":79},[73,72180,3469],{"class":83},[73,72182,5553],{"class":79},[73,72184,5982],{"class":105},[73,72186,72187,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,72188,72189],{"class":79},"    items",[73,72191,817],{"class":105},[73,72193,574],{"class":114},[73,72195,106],{"class":105},[73,72197,2063],{"class":114},[73,72199,854],{"class":105},[73,72201,72202],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,72203,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,72207,102],{"class":101},[73,72209,106],{"class":105},[73,72211,7400],{"class":114},[73,72213,854],{"class":105},[20,72215,1660],{},[64,72217,72219],{"className":66,"code":72218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72220,72221],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72222,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72224,138],{"class":105},[73,72226,141],{"class":87},[73,72228,3666],{"class":91},[73,72230,141],{"class":87},[73,72232,149],{"class":105},[73,72234,152],{"class":87},[73,72236,3675],{"class":91},[73,72238,141],{"class":87},[73,72240,149],{"class":105},[73,72242,152],{"class":87},[73,72244,32818],{"class":91},[73,72246,141],{"class":87},[73,72248,229],{"class":105},[20,72250,72251,72252,72254],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72253,54908],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72256,72257,72258,817],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[587,72259,65221],{"href":72260},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[59,72262,72264],{"id":72263},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72266,72267,355,72269,72271],{},[15,72268,54908],{},[15,72270,12359],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72273,72274,72281,72287,72293],{},[33,72275,72276,72278,72279],{},[15,72277,54908],{}," deletes by ",[55,72280,2063],{},[33,72282,72283,72278,72285],{},[15,72284,12359],{},[55,72286,35215],{},[33,72288,72289,1987,72291],{},[15,72290,54908],{},[15,72292,3364],{},[33,72294,72295,72297],{},[15,72296,12359],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72299,45416,72300,2475],{},[15,72301,54908],{},[64,72303,72305],{"className":66,"code":72304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72306,72307,72339,72357],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72308,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72310,7369],{"class":79},[73,72312,84],{"class":83},[73,72314,528],{"class":105},[73,72316,384],{"class":87},[73,72318,3666],{"class":91},[73,72320,384],{"class":87},[73,72322,149],{"class":105},[73,72324,88],{"class":87},[73,72326,3675],{"class":91},[73,72328,384],{"class":87},[73,72330,149],{"class":105},[73,72332,88],{"class":87},[73,72334,32818],{"class":91},[73,72336,384],{"class":87},[73,72338,229],{"class":105},[73,72340,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72342,7400],{"class":79},[73,72344,817],{"class":105},[73,72346,574],{"class":114},[73,72348,106],{"class":105},[73,72350,384],{"class":87},[73,72352,3675],{"class":91},[73,72354,384],{"class":87},[73,72356,854],{"class":105},[73,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72360,102],{"class":101},[73,72362,106],{"class":105},[73,72364,7400],{"class":114},[73,72366,854],{"class":105},[20,72368,1660],{},[64,72370,72372],{"className":66,"code":72371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72373,72374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72375,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72377,138],{"class":105},[73,72379,141],{"class":87},[73,72381,3666],{"class":91},[73,72383,141],{"class":87},[73,72385,149],{"class":105},[73,72387,152],{"class":87},[73,72389,32818],{"class":91},[73,72391,141],{"class":87},[73,72393,229],{"class":105},[20,72395,45416,72396,2475],{},[15,72397,12359],{},[64,72399,72401],{"className":66,"code":72400,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72402,72403,72435,72454,72458,72468],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72404,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72406,7369],{"class":79},[73,72408,84],{"class":83},[73,72410,528],{"class":105},[73,72412,384],{"class":87},[73,72414,3666],{"class":91},[73,72416,384],{"class":87},[73,72418,149],{"class":105},[73,72420,88],{"class":87},[73,72422,3675],{"class":91},[73,72424,384],{"class":87},[73,72426,149],{"class":105},[73,72428,88],{"class":87},[73,72430,32818],{"class":91},[73,72432,384],{"class":87},[73,72434,229],{"class":105},[73,72436,72437,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72438,72439],{"class":79},"removed_item ",[73,72441,84],{"class":83},[73,72443,5553],{"class":79},[73,72445,817],{"class":105},[73,72447,569],{"class":114},[73,72449,106],{"class":105},[73,72451,404],{"class":315},[73,72453,854],{"class":105},[73,72455,72456],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72457,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,72459,72460,72462,72464,72466],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,72461,102],{"class":101},[73,72463,106],{"class":105},[73,72465,7400],{"class":114},[73,72467,854],{"class":105},[73,72469,72470,72472,72474,72477],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,72471,102],{"class":101},[73,72473,106],{"class":105},[73,72475,72476],{"class":114},"removed_item",[73,72478,854],{"class":105},[20,72480,1660],{},[64,72482,72484],{"className":66,"code":72483,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72485,72486,72506],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72487,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72489,138],{"class":105},[73,72491,141],{"class":87},[73,72493,3666],{"class":91},[73,72495,141],{"class":87},[73,72497,149],{"class":105},[73,72499,152],{"class":87},[73,72501,32818],{"class":91},[73,72503,141],{"class":87},[73,72505,229],{"class":105},[73,72507,72508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72509,69788],{"class":79},[20,72511,121,72512,72514],{},[15,72513,54908],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72516,121,72517,72519],{},[15,72518,12359],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72521,72522,72523,817],{},"For more detail, see the ",[587,72524,72525],{"href":54458},"Python list pop() method",[59,72527,72529],{"id":72528},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72531,72532,355,72534,72536],{},[15,72533,54908],{},[15,72535,26621],{}," are also different.",[30,72538,72539,72544,72549,72554],{},[33,72540,72541,72543],{},[15,72542,54908],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72545,72546,72548],{},[15,72547,26621],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72550,121,72551,72553],{},[15,72552,26621],{}," when you know the position",[33,72555,121,72556,72558],{},[15,72557,54908],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72560,45416,72561,2475],{},[15,72562,26621],{},[64,72564,72566],{"className":66,"code":72565,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72567,72568,72600,72612],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72569,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72571,7369],{"class":79},[73,72573,84],{"class":83},[73,72575,528],{"class":105},[73,72577,384],{"class":87},[73,72579,3666],{"class":91},[73,72581,384],{"class":87},[73,72583,149],{"class":105},[73,72585,88],{"class":87},[73,72587,3675],{"class":91},[73,72589,384],{"class":87},[73,72591,149],{"class":105},[73,72593,88],{"class":87},[73,72595,32818],{"class":91},[73,72597,384],{"class":87},[73,72599,229],{"class":105},[73,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72603,26621],{"class":646},[73,72605,5553],{"class":79},[73,72607,138],{"class":105},[73,72609,404],{"class":315},[73,72611,229],{"class":105},[73,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72615,102],{"class":101},[73,72617,106],{"class":105},[73,72619,7400],{"class":114},[73,72621,854],{"class":105},[20,72623,1660],{},[64,72625,72626],{"className":66,"code":72371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,72627,72628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72629,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72631,138],{"class":105},[73,72633,141],{"class":87},[73,72635,3666],{"class":91},[73,72637,141],{"class":87},[73,72639,149],{"class":105},[73,72641,152],{"class":87},[73,72643,32818],{"class":91},[73,72645,141],{"class":87},[73,72647,229],{"class":105},[20,72649,72650,72651,72653,72654,72656],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72652,404],{},", not the value ",[15,72655,64656],{}," directly.",[20,72658,72659,72660,817],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[587,72661,54447],{"href":54446},[59,72663,1207],{"id":1206},[20,72665,20811,72666,2475],{},[15,72667,54908],{},[30,72669,72670,72673,72678,72685,72694],{},[33,72671,72672],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,72674,8044,72675,72677],{},[15,72676,54908],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,72679,12190,72680,72682,72683],{},[15,72681,54908],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72684,3364],{},[33,72686,438,72687,44005,72689,2468,72691,72693],{},[15,72688,54908],{},[15,72690,12359],{},[15,72692,26621],{}," would be a better fit",[33,72695,72696],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72698,70888],{},[64,72700,72702],{"className":66,"code":72701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72703,72704,72714,72728,72746,72760],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72705,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72707,102],{"class":101},[73,72709,106],{"class":105},[73,72711,7930],{"class":114},[73,72713,854],{"class":105},[73,72715,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72717,102],{"class":101},[73,72719,106],{"class":105},[73,72721,2037],{"class":114},[73,72723,3469],{"class":646},[73,72725,7987],{"class":114},[73,72727,854],{"class":105},[73,72729,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72731,102],{"class":101},[73,72733,106],{"class":105},[73,72735,7930],{"class":114},[73,72737,817],{"class":105},[73,72739,40633],{"class":114},[73,72741,106],{"class":105},[73,72743,2063],{"class":114},[73,72745,118],{"class":105},[73,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,72749,102],{"class":101},[73,72751,106],{"class":105},[73,72753,1271],{"class":1270},[73,72755,106],{"class":105},[73,72757,7930],{"class":114},[73,72759,118],{"class":105},[73,72761,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,72763,842],{"class":101},[73,72765,106],{"class":105},[73,72767,7684],{"class":1270},[73,72769,817],{"class":105},[73,72771,574],{"class":851},[73,72773,854],{"class":105},[20,72775,72776],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,72778,72779,72782,72785,72788],{},[33,72780,72781],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,72783,72784],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,72786,72787],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,72789,72790],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72792,72793,72794,72796],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[587,72795,71052],{"href":58345}," may also help.",[59,72798,1405],{"id":1404},[292,72800,72802],{"id":72801},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72804,72805],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[292,72807,72809],{"id":72808},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72811,4737,72812,72814],{},[15,72813,3364],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[292,72816,72818],{"id":72817},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72820,72821,72822,72825,72826,817],{},"Check with ",[15,72823,72824],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72827,54908],{},[292,72829,72831],{"id":72830},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72833,121,72834,72836,72837,72839],{},[15,72835,54908],{}," for a value and ",[15,72838,12359],{}," for an index.",[59,72841,1461],{"id":1460},[30,72843,72844,72848,72852,72856,72860],{},[33,72845,72846],{},[587,72847,54894],{"href":54446},[33,72849,72850],{},[587,72851,72525],{"href":54458},[33,72853,72854],{},[587,72855,71052],{"href":58345},[33,72857,72858],{},[587,72859,65221],{"href":72260},[33,72861,72862],{},[587,72863,72865],{"href":72864},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1500,72867,72868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":72870},[72871,72872,72873,72874,72875,72876,72877,72878,72879,72880,72886],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":71197,"depth":98,"text":71198},{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018},{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":71650,"depth":98,"text":71651},{"id":65011,"depth":98,"text":65012},{"id":72263,"depth":98,"text":72264},{"id":72528,"depth":98,"text":72529},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":72881},[72882,72883,72884,72885],{"id":72801,"depth":332,"text":72802},{"id":72808,"depth":332,"text":72809},{"id":72817,"depth":332,"text":72818},{"id":72830,"depth":332,"text":72831},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71100,"description":72887},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72894,"title":72895,"body":72896,"description":74787,"extension":1552,"meta":74788,"navigation":335,"path":74789,"seo":74790,"stem":74791,"__hash__":74792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72897,"toc":74757},[72898,72904,72910,72913,72924,72926,72975,72980,72985,72989,73004,73006,73071,73073,73114,73116,73118,73133,73135,73146,73148,73205,73207,73240,73242,73245,73294,73296,73321,73323,73339,73345,73352,73413,73415,73448,73453,73456,73536,73538,73599,73605,73609,73612,73676,73678,73703,73705,73725,73727,73776,73778,73799,73808,73811,73815,73820,73865,73867,73888,73894,73899,73907,73971,73973,74010,74016,74020,74027,74092,74094,74131,74135,74152,74162,74167,74172,74183,74190,74192,74198,74221,74224,74251,74256,74259,74360,74362,74417,74420,74527,74529,74600,74603,74629,74631,74636,74640,74648,74653,74658,74664,74669,74673,74676,74693,74696,74716,74724,74726,74754],[10,72899,53721,72901,10916],{"id":72900},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72902,72903],{},"reverse()",[20,72905,72906,72909],{},[15,72907,72908],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72911,72912],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72914,72915,72916,72918,72919,72923],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72917,72903],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[587,72920,72922],{"href":72921},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[59,72925,3195],{"id":3194},[64,72927,72929],{"className":66,"code":72928,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72930,72931,72951,72962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72932,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72934,523],{"class":79},[73,72936,84],{"class":83},[73,72938,528],{"class":105},[73,72940,404],{"class":315},[73,72942,149],{"class":105},[73,72944,409],{"class":315},[73,72946,149],{"class":105},[73,72948,414],{"class":315},[73,72950,229],{"class":105},[73,72952,72953,72955,72957,72960],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,72954,553],{"class":79},[73,72956,817],{"class":105},[73,72958,72959],{"class":114},"reverse",[73,72961,8233],{"class":105},[73,72963,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,72965,102],{"class":101},[73,72967,106],{"class":105},[73,72969,553],{"class":114},[73,72971,3246],{"class":105},[73,72973,72974],{"class":3249},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72976,72977,72979],{},[15,72978,72903],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[59,72981,236,72983,239],{"id":72982},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72984,72908],{},[20,72986,72987,2475],{},[15,72988,72908],{},[30,72990,72991,72994,72997,73001],{},[33,72992,72993],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,72995,72996],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,72998,11018,72999],{},[15,73000,3364],{},[33,73002,73003],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73005,714],{},[64,73007,73009],{"className":66,"code":73008,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73010,73011,73051,73061],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73012,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73014,35460],{"class":79},[73,73016,84],{"class":83},[73,73018,528],{"class":105},[73,73020,384],{"class":87},[73,73022,587],{"class":91},[73,73024,384],{"class":87},[73,73026,149],{"class":105},[73,73028,88],{"class":87},[73,73030,4350],{"class":91},[73,73032,384],{"class":87},[73,73034,149],{"class":105},[73,73036,88],{"class":87},[73,73038,9332],{"class":91},[73,73040,384],{"class":87},[73,73042,149],{"class":105},[73,73044,88],{"class":87},[73,73046,18366],{"class":91},[73,73048,384],{"class":87},[73,73050,229],{"class":105},[73,73052,73053,73055,73057,73059],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73054,35513],{"class":79},[73,73056,817],{"class":105},[73,73058,72959],{"class":114},[73,73060,8233],{"class":105},[73,73062,73063,73065,73067,73069],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73064,102],{"class":101},[73,73066,106],{"class":105},[73,73068,35513],{"class":114},[73,73070,854],{"class":105},[20,73072,1660],{},[64,73074,73076],{"className":66,"code":73075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73077,73078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73079,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73081,138],{"class":105},[73,73083,141],{"class":87},[73,73085,18366],{"class":91},[73,73087,141],{"class":87},[73,73089,149],{"class":105},[73,73091,152],{"class":87},[73,73093,9332],{"class":91},[73,73095,141],{"class":87},[73,73097,149],{"class":105},[73,73099,152],{"class":87},[73,73101,4350],{"class":91},[73,73103,141],{"class":87},[73,73105,149],{"class":105},[73,73107,152],{"class":87},[73,73109,587],{"class":91},[73,73111,141],{"class":87},[73,73113,229],{"class":105},[59,73115,285],{"id":284},[20,73117,1750],{},[64,73119,73121],{"className":66,"code":73120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73122,73123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73124,73125,73127,73129,73131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73126,7930],{"class":79},[73,73128,817],{"class":105},[73,73130,72959],{"class":114},[73,73132,8233],{"class":105},[20,73134,12649],{},[30,73136,73137,73140,73143],{},[33,73138,73139],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73141,73142],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73144,73145],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73147,714],{},[64,73149,73151],{"className":66,"code":73150,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73152,73153,73185,73195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73154,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73156,12673],{"class":79},[73,73158,84],{"class":83},[73,73160,528],{"class":105},[73,73162,384],{"class":87},[73,73164,12690],{"class":91},[73,73166,384],{"class":87},[73,73168,149],{"class":105},[73,73170,88],{"class":87},[73,73172,17054],{"class":91},[73,73174,384],{"class":87},[73,73176,149],{"class":105},[73,73178,88],{"class":87},[73,73180,12707],{"class":91},[73,73182,384],{"class":87},[73,73184,229],{"class":105},[73,73186,73187,73189,73191,73193],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73188,17101],{"class":79},[73,73190,817],{"class":105},[73,73192,72959],{"class":114},[73,73194,8233],{"class":105},[73,73196,73197,73199,73201,73203],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73198,102],{"class":101},[73,73200,106],{"class":105},[73,73202,17101],{"class":114},[73,73204,854],{"class":105},[20,73206,1660],{},[64,73208,73210],{"className":66,"code":73209,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73211,73212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73213,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73215,138],{"class":105},[73,73217,141],{"class":87},[73,73219,12707],{"class":91},[73,73221,141],{"class":87},[73,73223,149],{"class":105},[73,73225,152],{"class":87},[73,73227,17054],{"class":91},[73,73229,141],{"class":87},[73,73231,149],{"class":105},[73,73233,152],{"class":87},[73,73235,12690],{"class":91},[73,73237,141],{"class":87},[73,73239,229],{"class":105},[59,73241,11069],{"id":11068},[20,73243,73244],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[64,73246,73248],{"className":66,"code":73247,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73249,73250,73274,73284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73251,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73253,523],{"class":79},[73,73255,84],{"class":83},[73,73257,528],{"class":105},[73,73259,1920],{"class":315},[73,73261,149],{"class":105},[73,73263,7380],{"class":315},[73,73265,149],{"class":105},[73,73267,7385],{"class":315},[73,73269,149],{"class":105},[73,73271,50221],{"class":315},[73,73273,229],{"class":105},[73,73275,73276,73278,73280,73282],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73277,553],{"class":79},[73,73279,817],{"class":105},[73,73281,72959],{"class":114},[73,73283,8233],{"class":105},[73,73285,73286,73288,73290,73292],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73287,102],{"class":101},[73,73289,106],{"class":105},[73,73291,553],{"class":114},[73,73293,854],{"class":105},[20,73295,1660],{},[64,73297,73299],{"className":66,"code":73298,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73300,73301],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73302,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73304,138],{"class":105},[73,73306,56072],{"class":315},[73,73308,149],{"class":105},[73,73310,7385],{"class":315},[73,73312,149],{"class":105},[73,73314,7380],{"class":315},[73,73316,149],{"class":105},[73,73318,5592],{"class":315},[73,73320,229],{"class":105},[20,73322,11278],{},[30,73324,73325,73331,73336],{},[33,73326,73327,73328],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73329,73330],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73332,73333,73335],{},[15,73334,72903],{}," flips the order",[33,73337,73338],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[59,73340,73342,73344],{"id":73341},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73343,72903],{}," changes the original list",[20,73346,73347,73348,73351],{},"This method is ",[55,73349,73350],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[64,73353,73355],{"className":66,"code":73354,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73356,73357,73389,73399,73403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73358,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73360,35609],{"class":79},[73,73362,84],{"class":83},[73,73364,528],{"class":105},[73,73366,384],{"class":87},[73,73368,3666],{"class":91},[73,73370,384],{"class":87},[73,73372,149],{"class":105},[73,73374,88],{"class":87},[73,73376,3675],{"class":91},[73,73378,384],{"class":87},[73,73380,149],{"class":105},[73,73382,88],{"class":87},[73,73384,3684],{"class":91},[73,73386,384],{"class":87},[73,73388,229],{"class":105},[73,73390,73391,73393,73395,73397],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73392,35661],{"class":79},[73,73394,817],{"class":105},[73,73396,72959],{"class":114},[73,73398,8233],{"class":105},[73,73400,73401],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73402,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,73404,73405,73407,73409,73411],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,73406,102],{"class":101},[73,73408,106],{"class":105},[73,73410,35661],{"class":114},[73,73412,854],{"class":105},[20,73414,1660],{},[64,73416,73418],{"className":66,"code":73417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73419,73420],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73421,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73423,138],{"class":105},[73,73425,141],{"class":87},[73,73427,3684],{"class":91},[73,73429,141],{"class":87},[73,73431,149],{"class":105},[73,73433,152],{"class":87},[73,73435,3675],{"class":91},[73,73437,141],{"class":87},[73,73439,149],{"class":105},[73,73441,152],{"class":87},[73,73443,3666],{"class":91},[73,73445,141],{"class":87},[73,73447,229],{"class":105},[20,73449,121,73450,73452],{},[15,73451,72903],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73454,73455],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[64,73457,73459],{"className":66,"code":73458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73460,73461,73493,73511,73515,73525],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73462,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73464,35609],{"class":79},[73,73466,84],{"class":83},[73,73468,528],{"class":105},[73,73470,384],{"class":87},[73,73472,3666],{"class":91},[73,73474,384],{"class":87},[73,73476,149],{"class":105},[73,73478,88],{"class":87},[73,73480,3675],{"class":91},[73,73482,384],{"class":87},[73,73484,149],{"class":105},[73,73486,88],{"class":87},[73,73488,3684],{"class":91},[73,73490,384],{"class":87},[73,73492,229],{"class":105},[73,73494,73495,73498,73500,73502,73505,73507,73509],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73496,73497],{"class":79},"reversed_fruits ",[73,73499,84],{"class":83},[73,73501,52230],{"class":79},[73,73503,73504],{"class":105},"[::",[73,73506,1611],{"class":83},[73,73508,404],{"class":315},[73,73510,229],{"class":105},[73,73512,73513],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73514,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,73516,73517,73519,73521,73523],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,73518,102],{"class":101},[73,73520,106],{"class":105},[73,73522,35661],{"class":114},[73,73524,854],{"class":105},[73,73526,73527,73529,73531,73534],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,73528,102],{"class":101},[73,73530,106],{"class":105},[73,73532,73533],{"class":114},"reversed_fruits",[73,73535,854],{"class":105},[20,73537,1660],{},[64,73539,73541],{"className":66,"code":73540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73542,73543,73571],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73544,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73546,138],{"class":105},[73,73548,141],{"class":87},[73,73550,3666],{"class":91},[73,73552,141],{"class":87},[73,73554,149],{"class":105},[73,73556,152],{"class":87},[73,73558,3675],{"class":91},[73,73560,141],{"class":87},[73,73562,149],{"class":105},[73,73564,152],{"class":87},[73,73566,3684],{"class":91},[73,73568,141],{"class":87},[73,73570,229],{"class":105},[73,73572,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73574,138],{"class":105},[73,73576,141],{"class":87},[73,73578,3684],{"class":91},[73,73580,141],{"class":87},[73,73582,149],{"class":105},[73,73584,152],{"class":87},[73,73586,3675],{"class":91},[73,73588,141],{"class":87},[73,73590,149],{"class":105},[73,73592,152],{"class":87},[73,73594,3666],{"class":91},[73,73596,141],{"class":87},[73,73598,229],{"class":105},[20,73600,73601,73602,817],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[587,73603,73604],{"href":72921},"Python list slicing explained",[59,73606,73608],{"id":73607},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73610,73611],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[64,73613,73615],{"className":66,"code":73614,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73616,73617,73637,73651,73655,73666],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73618,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73620,523],{"class":79},[73,73622,84],{"class":83},[73,73624,528],{"class":105},[73,73626,404],{"class":315},[73,73628,149],{"class":105},[73,73630,409],{"class":315},[73,73632,149],{"class":105},[73,73634,414],{"class":315},[73,73636,229],{"class":105},[73,73638,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73640,55269],{"class":79},[73,73642,84],{"class":83},[73,73644,3851],{"class":79},[73,73646,817],{"class":105},[73,73648,72959],{"class":114},[73,73650,8233],{"class":105},[73,73652,73653],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73654,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,73656,73657,73659,73661,73664],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,73658,102],{"class":101},[73,73660,106],{"class":105},[73,73662,73663],{"class":114},"new_list",[73,73665,854],{"class":105},[73,73667,73668,73670,73672,73674],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,73669,102],{"class":101},[73,73671,106],{"class":105},[73,73673,553],{"class":114},[73,73675,854],{"class":105},[20,73677,1660],{},[64,73679,73681],{"className":66,"code":73680,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73682,73683,73687],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73684,73685],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73686,11403],{"class":3438},[73,73688,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73690,138],{"class":105},[73,73692,1652],{"class":315},[73,73694,149],{"class":105},[73,73696,409],{"class":315},[73,73698,149],{"class":105},[73,73700,5084],{"class":315},[73,73702,229],{"class":105},[20,73704,11495],{},[30,73706,73707,73715,73719],{},[33,73708,73709,73711,73712,73714],{},[15,73710,72903],{}," changes ",[15,73713,553],{}," directly",[33,73716,40279,73717,71221],{},[55,73718,806],{},[33,73720,53032,73721,41529,73723],{},[15,73722,73663],{},[15,73724,3364],{},[20,73726,61279],{},[64,73728,73730],{"className":66,"code":73729,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73731,73732,73752,73762,73766],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73733,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73735,523],{"class":79},[73,73737,84],{"class":83},[73,73739,528],{"class":105},[73,73741,404],{"class":315},[73,73743,149],{"class":105},[73,73745,409],{"class":315},[73,73747,149],{"class":105},[73,73749,414],{"class":315},[73,73751,229],{"class":105},[73,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73755,553],{"class":79},[73,73757,817],{"class":105},[73,73759,72959],{"class":114},[73,73761,8233],{"class":105},[73,73763,73764],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73765,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,73769,102],{"class":101},[73,73771,106],{"class":105},[73,73773,553],{"class":114},[73,73775,854],{"class":105},[20,73777,1660],{},[64,73779,73781],{"className":66,"code":73780,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73782,73783],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73784,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73786,138],{"class":105},[73,73788,1652],{"class":315},[73,73790,149],{"class":105},[73,73792,409],{"class":315},[73,73794,149],{"class":105},[73,73796,5084],{"class":315},[73,73798,229],{"class":105},[59,73800,73802,1011,73804,73807],{"id":73801},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73803,72903],{},[15,73805,73806],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73809,73810],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[292,73812,73813],{"id":72959},[15,73814,72903],{},[20,73816,73817,73819],{},[15,73818,72903],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[64,73821,73823],{"className":66,"code":73822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73824,73825,73845,73855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73826,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73828,523],{"class":79},[73,73830,84],{"class":83},[73,73832,528],{"class":105},[73,73834,1652],{"class":315},[73,73836,149],{"class":105},[73,73838,5084],{"class":315},[73,73840,149],{"class":105},[73,73842,409],{"class":315},[73,73844,229],{"class":105},[73,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73848,553],{"class":79},[73,73850,817],{"class":105},[73,73852,72959],{"class":114},[73,73854,8233],{"class":105},[73,73856,73857,73859,73861,73863],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73858,102],{"class":101},[73,73860,106],{"class":105},[73,73862,553],{"class":114},[73,73864,854],{"class":105},[20,73866,1660],{},[64,73868,73870],{"className":66,"code":73869,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73871,73872],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73873,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73875,138],{"class":105},[73,73877,1646],{"class":315},[73,73879,149],{"class":105},[73,73881,5084],{"class":315},[73,73883,149],{"class":105},[73,73885,414],{"class":315},[73,73887,229],{"class":105},[20,73889,73890,73891,73893],{},"Notice that this is ",[55,73892,806],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[292,73895,73897],{"id":73896},"sorted",[15,73898,73806],{},[20,73900,73901,73906],{},[587,73902,73904],{"href":73903},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73905,73806],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[64,73908,73910],{"className":66,"code":73909,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73911,73912,73932,73947,73951,73961],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73913,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73915,523],{"class":79},[73,73917,84],{"class":83},[73,73919,528],{"class":105},[73,73921,1652],{"class":315},[73,73923,149],{"class":105},[73,73925,5084],{"class":315},[73,73927,149],{"class":105},[73,73929,409],{"class":315},[73,73931,229],{"class":105},[73,73933,73934,73936,73938,73941,73943,73945],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73935,1819],{"class":79},[73,73937,84],{"class":83},[73,73939,73940],{"class":101}," sorted",[73,73942,106],{"class":105},[73,73944,553],{"class":114},[73,73946,854],{"class":105},[73,73948,73949],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,73950,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,73954,102],{"class":101},[73,73956,106],{"class":105},[73,73958,553],{"class":114},[73,73960,854],{"class":105},[73,73962,73963,73965,73967,73969],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,73964,102],{"class":101},[73,73966,106],{"class":105},[73,73968,1854],{"class":114},[73,73970,854],{"class":105},[20,73972,1660],{},[64,73974,73976],{"className":66,"code":73975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73977,73978,73994],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73979,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73981,138],{"class":105},[73,73983,1652],{"class":315},[73,73985,149],{"class":105},[73,73987,5084],{"class":315},[73,73989,149],{"class":105},[73,73991,409],{"class":315},[73,73993,229],{"class":105},[73,73995,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,73997,138],{"class":105},[73,73999,404],{"class":315},[73,74001,149],{"class":105},[73,74003,409],{"class":315},[73,74005,149],{"class":105},[73,74007,414],{"class":315},[73,74009,229],{"class":105},[20,74011,74012,74013,817],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74014,74015],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[292,74017,74019],{"id":74018},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74021,74022,74023,74026],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74024,74025],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[64,74028,74030],{"className":66,"code":74029,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74031,74032,74052,74068,74072,74082],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74033,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74035,523],{"class":79},[73,74037,84],{"class":83},[73,74039,528],{"class":105},[73,74041,1652],{"class":315},[73,74043,149],{"class":105},[73,74045,5084],{"class":315},[73,74047,149],{"class":105},[73,74049,409],{"class":315},[73,74051,229],{"class":105},[73,74053,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74055,1819],{"class":79},[73,74057,84],{"class":83},[73,74059,3851],{"class":79},[73,74061,73504],{"class":105},[73,74063,1611],{"class":83},[73,74065,404],{"class":315},[73,74067,229],{"class":105},[73,74069,74070],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74071,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74075,102],{"class":101},[73,74077,106],{"class":105},[73,74079,553],{"class":114},[73,74081,854],{"class":105},[73,74083,74084,74086,74088,74090],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,74085,102],{"class":101},[73,74087,106],{"class":105},[73,74089,1854],{"class":114},[73,74091,854],{"class":105},[20,74093,1660],{},[64,74095,74097],{"className":66,"code":74096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74098,74099,74115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74100,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74102,138],{"class":105},[73,74104,1652],{"class":315},[73,74106,149],{"class":105},[73,74108,5084],{"class":315},[73,74110,149],{"class":105},[73,74112,409],{"class":315},[73,74114,229],{"class":105},[73,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74118,138],{"class":105},[73,74120,1646],{"class":315},[73,74122,149],{"class":105},[73,74124,5084],{"class":315},[73,74126,149],{"class":105},[73,74128,414],{"class":315},[73,74130,229],{"class":105},[292,74132,74134],{"id":74133},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74136,74137,74142,74147],{},[33,74138,121,74139,74141],{},[15,74140,72903],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74143,121,74144,74146],{},[15,74145,74025],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74148,121,74149,74151],{},[15,74150,73806],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74153,74154,74155,74161],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[587,74156,74158,74159,10333],{"href":74157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74160,63693],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[59,74163,4551,74165],{"id":74164},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74166,72903],{},[20,74168,74169,74171],{},[15,74170,72903],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74173,74174,74177,74180],{},[33,74175,74176],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74178,74179],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74181,74182],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74184,74185,74186,817],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[587,74187,74189],{"href":74188},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[59,74191,1207],{"id":1206},[20,74193,74194,74195,74197],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74196,72903],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74199,74200,74204,74209,74214],{},[33,74201,12190,74202,12193],{},[15,74203,72903],{},[33,74205,8044,74206,74208],{},[15,74207,72903],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74210,438,74211,74213],{},[15,74212,72903],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74215,36575,74216,8295,74218],{},[15,74217,72903],{},[15,74219,74220],{},"reversed()",[20,74222,74223],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[64,74225,74227],{"className":66,"code":74226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74228,74229,74241],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74230,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74232,461],{"class":79},[73,74234,84],{"class":83},[73,74236,88],{"class":87},[73,74238,92],{"class":91},[73,74240,95],{"class":87},[73,74242,74243,74245,74247,74249],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74244,482],{"class":79},[73,74246,817],{"class":105},[73,74248,72959],{"class":114},[73,74250,8233],{"class":105},[20,74252,74253,74254,33198],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74255,72903],{},[20,74257,74258],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[64,74260,74262],{"className":66,"code":74261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74263,74264,74284,74288,74298,74312,74316,74330,74340,74344],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74265,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74267,7899],{"class":79},[73,74269,84],{"class":83},[73,74271,528],{"class":105},[73,74273,404],{"class":315},[73,74275,149],{"class":105},[73,74277,409],{"class":315},[73,74279,149],{"class":105},[73,74281,414],{"class":315},[73,74283,229],{"class":105},[73,74285,74286],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74287,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74289,74290,74292,74294,74296],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74291,102],{"class":101},[73,74293,106],{"class":105},[73,74295,7930],{"class":114},[73,74297,854],{"class":105},[73,74299,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74301,102],{"class":101},[73,74303,106],{"class":105},[73,74305,1271],{"class":1270},[73,74307,106],{"class":105},[73,74309,7930],{"class":114},[73,74311,118],{"class":105},[73,74313,74314],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,74315,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74317,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,74319,1819],{"class":79},[73,74321,84],{"class":83},[73,74323,7987],{"class":79},[73,74325,817],{"class":105},[73,74327,72959],{"class":114},[73,74329,8233],{"class":105},[73,74331,74332,74334,74336,74338],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,74333,102],{"class":101},[73,74335,106],{"class":105},[73,74337,1854],{"class":114},[73,74339,854],{"class":105},[73,74341,74342],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,74343,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74345,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,74347,102],{"class":101},[73,74349,106],{"class":105},[73,74351,7930],{"class":114},[73,74353,73504],{"class":105},[73,74355,1611],{"class":83},[73,74357,404],{"class":315},[73,74359,3475],{"class":105},[20,74361,1660],{},[64,74363,74365],{"className":66,"code":74364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74366,74367,74383,74397,74401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74368,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74370,138],{"class":105},[73,74372,404],{"class":315},[73,74374,149],{"class":105},[73,74376,409],{"class":315},[73,74378,149],{"class":105},[73,74380,414],{"class":315},[73,74382,229],{"class":105},[73,74384,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74386,2879],{"class":83},[73,74388,2882],{"class":633},[73,74390,152],{"class":87},[73,74392,7684],{"class":91},[73,74394,141],{"class":87},[73,74396,2891],{"class":83},[73,74398,74399],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74400,11403],{"class":3438},[73,74402,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74404,138],{"class":105},[73,74406,404],{"class":315},[73,74408,149],{"class":105},[73,74410,409],{"class":315},[73,74412,149],{"class":105},[73,74414,5084],{"class":315},[73,74416,229],{"class":105},[20,74418,74419],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[64,74421,74423],{"className":66,"code":74422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74424,74425,74445,74449,74459,74473,74477,74491,74501,74511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74426,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74428,7899],{"class":79},[73,74430,84],{"class":83},[73,74432,528],{"class":105},[73,74434,404],{"class":315},[73,74436,149],{"class":105},[73,74438,409],{"class":315},[73,74440,149],{"class":105},[73,74442,414],{"class":315},[73,74444,229],{"class":105},[73,74446,74447],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74448,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74450,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74452,102],{"class":101},[73,74454,106],{"class":105},[73,74456,7930],{"class":114},[73,74458,854],{"class":105},[73,74460,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74462,102],{"class":101},[73,74464,106],{"class":105},[73,74466,1271],{"class":1270},[73,74468,106],{"class":105},[73,74470,7930],{"class":114},[73,74472,118],{"class":105},[73,74474,74475],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,74476,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,74480,1819],{"class":79},[73,74482,84],{"class":83},[73,74484,7987],{"class":79},[73,74486,817],{"class":105},[73,74488,72959],{"class":114},[73,74490,8233],{"class":105},[73,74492,74493,74495,74497,74499],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,74494,102],{"class":101},[73,74496,106],{"class":105},[73,74498,1854],{"class":114},[73,74500,854],{"class":105},[73,74502,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,74504,102],{"class":101},[73,74506,106],{"class":105},[73,74508,7930],{"class":114},[73,74510,854],{"class":105},[73,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,74514,102],{"class":101},[73,74516,106],{"class":105},[73,74518,7930],{"class":114},[73,74520,73504],{"class":105},[73,74522,1611],{"class":83},[73,74524,404],{"class":315},[73,74526,3475],{"class":105},[20,74528,1660],{},[64,74530,74532],{"className":66,"code":74531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74533,74534,74550,74564,74568,74584],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74535,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74537,138],{"class":105},[73,74539,404],{"class":315},[73,74541,149],{"class":105},[73,74543,409],{"class":315},[73,74545,149],{"class":105},[73,74547,414],{"class":315},[73,74549,229],{"class":105},[73,74551,74552,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74553,2879],{"class":83},[73,74555,2882],{"class":633},[73,74557,152],{"class":87},[73,74559,7684],{"class":91},[73,74561,141],{"class":87},[73,74563,2891],{"class":83},[73,74565,74566],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74567,11403],{"class":3438},[73,74569,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74571,138],{"class":105},[73,74573,1652],{"class":315},[73,74575,149],{"class":105},[73,74577,409],{"class":315},[73,74579,149],{"class":105},[73,74581,5084],{"class":315},[73,74583,229],{"class":105},[73,74585,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,74587,138],{"class":105},[73,74589,404],{"class":315},[73,74591,149],{"class":105},[73,74593,409],{"class":315},[73,74595,149],{"class":105},[73,74597,414],{"class":315},[73,74599,229],{"class":105},[20,74601,74602],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74604,74605,74614,74623],{},[33,74606,27392,74607,74610,74611],{},[15,74608,74609],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74612,74613],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74615,11511,74616,74619,74620,22159],{},[15,74617,74618],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[55,74621,74622],{},"current",[33,74624,74625,74626],{},"So it prints ",[15,74627,74628],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[59,74630,1405],{"id":1404},[292,74632,12300,74634,54848],{"id":74633},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74635,72908],{},[20,74637,61984,74638,817],{},[15,74639,3364],{},[292,74641,33803,74643,33806,74645,1424],{"id":74642},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74644,72903],{},[15,74646,74647],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74649,74650,74652],{},[15,74651,72903],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74654,74655,74657],{},[15,74656,74647],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[292,74659,27925,74661,74663],{"id":74660},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74662,72903],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74665,45741,74666,74668],{},[15,74667,72903],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[292,74670,74672],{"id":74671},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74674,74675],{},"Use slicing:",[64,74677,74679],{"className":66,"code":74678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74680,74681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74682,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74684,7930],{"class":79},[73,74686,73504],{"class":105},[73,74688,1611],{"class":83},[73,74690,404],{"class":315},[73,74692,229],{"class":105},[20,74694,74695],{},"Or use:",[64,74697,74699],{"className":66,"code":74698,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74700,74701],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74702,74703,74705,74707,74710,74712,74714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74704,7684],{"class":1270},[73,74706,106],{"class":105},[73,74708,74709],{"class":101},"reversed",[73,74711,106],{"class":105},[73,74713,7930],{"class":114},[73,74715,118],{"class":105},[20,74717,74718,74719,74723],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[587,74720,54899,74721],{"href":54339},[15,74722,12373],{}," can also help.",[59,74725,1461],{"id":1460},[30,74727,74728,74734,74740,74744,74748],{},[33,74729,74730],{},[587,74731,54899,74732,10333],{"href":74157},[15,74733,63693],{},[33,74735,74736],{},[587,74737,13,74738,1470],{"href":73903},[15,74739,73806],{},[33,74741,74742],{},[587,74743,74189],{"href":74188},[33,74745,74746],{},[587,74747,73604],{"href":72921},[33,74749,74750],{},[587,74751,54899,74752,10333],{"href":54339},[15,74753,12373],{},[1500,74755,74756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":74758},[74759,74760,74762,74763,74764,74766,74767,74774,74776,74777,74786],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":72982,"depth":98,"text":74761},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":73341,"depth":98,"text":74765},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73607,"depth":98,"text":73608},{"id":73801,"depth":98,"text":74768,"children":74769},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74770,74771,74772,74773],{"id":72959,"depth":332,"text":72903},{"id":73896,"depth":332,"text":73806},{"id":74018,"depth":332,"text":74019},{"id":74133,"depth":332,"text":74134},{"id":74164,"depth":98,"text":74775},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":74778},[74779,74781,74783,74785],{"id":74633,"depth":332,"text":74780},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74642,"depth":332,"text":74782},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74660,"depth":332,"text":74784},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74671,"depth":332,"text":74672},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72895,"description":74787},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74794,"title":74795,"body":74796,"description":77229,"extension":1552,"meta":77230,"navigation":335,"path":77231,"seo":77232,"stem":77233,"__hash__":77234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74797,"toc":77197},[74798,74801,74813,74816,74839,74847,74849,74961,74970,74974,74977,74980,75067,75069,75102,75104,75127,75133,75137,75140,75162,75164,75181,75184,75204,75206,75316,75318,75395,75399,75402,75445,75447,75580,75582,75684,75689,75693,75696,75698,75712,75715,75829,75831,75905,75907,75935,75939,75944,75974,75977,76103,76105,76187,76193,76197,76199,76238,76247,76251,76254,76258,76305,76307,76315,76319,76370,76372,76385,76387,76401,76404,76412,76414,76461,76463,76471,76474,76517,76522,76525,76528,76551,76555,76606,76609,76630,76640,76644,76646,76676,76679,76702,76706,76709,76776,76778,76815,76818,76826,76893,76895,76932,76938,76945,76949,76952,76982,76987,76991,76994,77018,77021,77115,77125,77127,77131,77134,77138,77141,77146,77149,77155,77158,77160,77188,77194],[10,74799,74795],{"id":74800},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74802,74803,74804,995,74806,1002,74809,74812],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74805,35442],{},[15,74807,74808],{},"stop",[15,74810,74811],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74814,74815],{},"The basic slice form is:",[64,74817,74819],{"className":66,"code":74818,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74820,74821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74824,7930],{"class":79},[73,74826,138],{"class":105},[73,74828,35442],{"class":79},[73,74830,2475],{"class":105},[73,74832,74808],{"class":79},[73,74834,2475],{"class":105},[73,74836,74811],{"class":79},[73,74838,229],{"class":105},[20,74840,74841,74842,74844,74845,817],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74843,74808],{}," position is ",[55,74846,64451],{},[59,74848,62],{"id":61},[64,74850,74852],{"className":66,"code":74851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74853,74854,74882,74886,74907,74925,74942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74857,523],{"class":79},[73,74859,84],{"class":83},[73,74861,528],{"class":105},[73,74863,1920],{"class":315},[73,74865,149],{"class":105},[73,74867,7380],{"class":315},[73,74869,149],{"class":105},[73,74871,7385],{"class":315},[73,74873,149],{"class":105},[73,74875,50221],{"class":315},[73,74877,149],{"class":105},[73,74879,4671],{"class":315},[73,74881,229],{"class":105},[73,74883,74884],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,74885,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,74887,74888,74890,74892,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,74889,102],{"class":101},[73,74891,106],{"class":105},[73,74893,553],{"class":114},[73,74895,138],{"class":105},[73,74897,404],{"class":315},[73,74899,2475],{"class":105},[73,74901,2095],{"class":315},[73,74903,20045],{"class":105},[73,74905,74906],{"class":3249},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[73,74908,74909,74911,74913,74915,74918,74920,74922],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,74910,102],{"class":101},[73,74912,106],{"class":105},[73,74914,553],{"class":114},[73,74916,74917],{"class":105},"[:",[73,74919,1652],{"class":315},[73,74921,20045],{"class":105},[73,74923,74924],{"class":3249},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[73,74926,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,74928,102],{"class":101},[73,74930,106],{"class":105},[73,74932,553],{"class":114},[73,74934,73504],{"class":105},[73,74936,1646],{"class":315},[73,74938,20045],{"class":105},[73,74940,74941],{"class":3249},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[73,74943,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,74945,102],{"class":101},[73,74947,106],{"class":105},[73,74949,553],{"class":114},[73,74951,73504],{"class":105},[73,74953,1611],{"class":83},[73,74955,404],{"class":315},[73,74957,20045],{"class":105},[73,74959,74960],{"class":3249},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74962,121,74963,74966,74967,74969],{},[15,74964,74965],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74968,74808],{}," value is not included.",[59,74971,74973],{"id":74972},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74975,74976],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74978,74979],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[64,74981,74983],{"className":66,"code":74982,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74984,74985,75033,75037,75056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74986,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74988,35460],{"class":79},[73,74990,84],{"class":83},[73,74992,528],{"class":105},[73,74994,384],{"class":87},[73,74996,587],{"class":91},[73,74998,384],{"class":87},[73,75000,149],{"class":105},[73,75002,88],{"class":87},[73,75004,4350],{"class":91},[73,75006,384],{"class":87},[73,75008,149],{"class":105},[73,75010,88],{"class":87},[73,75012,9332],{"class":91},[73,75014,384],{"class":87},[73,75016,149],{"class":105},[73,75018,88],{"class":87},[73,75020,18366],{"class":91},[73,75022,384],{"class":87},[73,75024,149],{"class":105},[73,75026,88],{"class":87},[73,75028,59828],{"class":91},[73,75030,384],{"class":87},[73,75032,229],{"class":105},[73,75034,75035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75036,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,75038,75039,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75040,75041],{"class":79},"part ",[73,75043,84],{"class":83},[73,75045,69478],{"class":79},[73,75047,138],{"class":105},[73,75049,404],{"class":315},[73,75051,2475],{"class":105},[73,75053,2095],{"class":315},[73,75055,229],{"class":105},[73,75057,75058,75060,75062,75065],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75059,102],{"class":101},[73,75061,106],{"class":105},[73,75063,75064],{"class":114},"part",[73,75066,854],{"class":105},[20,75068,1660],{},[64,75070,75072],{"className":66,"code":75071,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75073,75074],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75077,138],{"class":105},[73,75079,141],{"class":87},[73,75081,4350],{"class":91},[73,75083,141],{"class":87},[73,75085,149],{"class":105},[73,75087,152],{"class":87},[73,75089,9332],{"class":91},[73,75091,141],{"class":87},[73,75093,149],{"class":105},[73,75095,152],{"class":87},[73,75097,18366],{"class":91},[73,75099,141],{"class":87},[73,75101,229],{"class":105},[20,75103,12649],{},[30,75105,75106,75109,75112,75118,75124],{},[33,75107,75108],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75110,75111],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75113,75114,75115],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75116,75117],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75119,75120,75121,75123],{},"The item at ",[15,75122,74808],{}," is not included",[33,75125,75126],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75128,75129,75130,817],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[587,75131,75132],{"href":50357},"beginner guide to Python lists",[59,75134,75136],{"id":75135},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75138,75139],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[64,75141,75142],{"className":66,"code":74818,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,75143,75144],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75147,7930],{"class":79},[73,75149,138],{"class":105},[73,75151,35442],{"class":79},[73,75153,2475],{"class":105},[73,75155,74808],{"class":79},[73,75157,2475],{"class":105},[73,75159,74811],{"class":79},[73,75161,229],{"class":105},[20,75163,64427],{},[30,75165,75166,75171,75176],{},[33,75167,75168,75170],{},[15,75169,35442],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75172,75173,75175],{},[15,75174,74808],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75177,75178,75180],{},[15,75179,74811],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75182,75183],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75185,75186,75192,75197],{},[33,75187,75188,75189,75191],{},"Missing ",[15,75190,35442],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75193,75188,75194,75196],{},[15,75195,74808],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75198,75188,75199,75201,75202],{},[15,75200,74811],{}," means use ",[15,75203,404],{},[20,75205,714],{},[64,75207,75209],{"className":66,"code":75208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75210,75211,75239,75243,75264,75281,75299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75212,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75214,523],{"class":79},[73,75216,84],{"class":83},[73,75218,528],{"class":105},[73,75220,1920],{"class":315},[73,75222,149],{"class":105},[73,75224,7380],{"class":315},[73,75226,149],{"class":105},[73,75228,7385],{"class":315},[73,75230,149],{"class":105},[73,75232,50221],{"class":315},[73,75234,149],{"class":105},[73,75236,4671],{"class":315},[73,75238,229],{"class":105},[73,75240,75241],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75242,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,75244,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75246,102],{"class":101},[73,75248,106],{"class":105},[73,75250,553],{"class":114},[73,75252,138],{"class":105},[73,75254,404],{"class":315},[73,75256,2475],{"class":105},[73,75258,2095],{"class":315},[73,75260,20045],{"class":105},[73,75262,75263],{"class":3249},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[73,75265,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75267,102],{"class":101},[73,75269,106],{"class":105},[73,75271,553],{"class":114},[73,75273,74917],{"class":105},[73,75275,1652],{"class":315},[73,75277,20045],{"class":105},[73,75279,75280],{"class":3249},"    # start from the beginning\n",[73,75282,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75296],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,75284,102],{"class":101},[73,75286,106],{"class":105},[73,75288,553],{"class":114},[73,75290,138],{"class":105},[73,75292,1646],{"class":315},[73,75294,75295],{"class":105},":])",[73,75297,75298],{"class":3249},"    # go to the end\n",[73,75300,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,75302,102],{"class":101},[73,75304,106],{"class":105},[73,75306,553],{"class":114},[73,75308,73504],{"class":105},[73,75310,404],{"class":315},[73,75312,20045],{"class":105},[73,75314,75315],{"class":3249},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75317,1660],{},[64,75319,75321],{"className":66,"code":75320,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75322,75323,75339,75355,75371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75324,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75326,138],{"class":105},[73,75328,15352],{"class":315},[73,75330,149],{"class":105},[73,75332,7385],{"class":315},[73,75334,149],{"class":105},[73,75336,50221],{"class":315},[73,75338,229],{"class":105},[73,75340,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75342,138],{"class":105},[73,75344,1920],{"class":315},[73,75346,149],{"class":105},[73,75348,7380],{"class":315},[73,75350,149],{"class":105},[73,75352,7385],{"class":315},[73,75354,229],{"class":105},[73,75356,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75358,138],{"class":105},[73,75360,36212],{"class":315},[73,75362,149],{"class":105},[73,75364,50221],{"class":315},[73,75366,149],{"class":105},[73,75368,4671],{"class":315},[73,75370,229],{"class":105},[73,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75374,138],{"class":105},[73,75376,1920],{"class":315},[73,75378,149],{"class":105},[73,75380,7380],{"class":315},[73,75382,149],{"class":105},[73,75384,7385],{"class":315},[73,75386,149],{"class":105},[73,75388,50221],{"class":315},[73,75390,149],{"class":105},[73,75392,4671],{"class":315},[73,75394,229],{"class":105},[59,75396,75398],{"id":75397},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75400,75401],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75403,75404,75413,75422,75433,75439],{},[33,75405,75406,75409,75410,5553],{},[15,75407,75408],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75411,75412],{},"n",[33,75414,75415,75418,75419,75421],{},[15,75416,75417],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75420,75412],{}," to the end",[33,75423,75424,75427,75428,75430,75431],{},[15,75425,75426],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75429,587],{}," up to ",[15,75432,4350],{},[33,75434,75435,75438],{},[15,75436,75437],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75440,75441,75444],{},[15,75442,75443],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75446,714],{},[64,75448,75450],{"className":66,"code":75449,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75451,75452,75485,75489,75506,75523,75544,75561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75453,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75455,523],{"class":79},[73,75457,84],{"class":83},[73,75459,528],{"class":105},[73,75461,1920],{"class":315},[73,75463,149],{"class":105},[73,75465,7380],{"class":315},[73,75467,149],{"class":105},[73,75469,7385],{"class":315},[73,75471,149],{"class":105},[73,75473,50221],{"class":315},[73,75475,149],{"class":105},[73,75477,4671],{"class":315},[73,75479,149],{"class":105},[73,75481,75482],{"class":315}," 60",[73,75484,229],{"class":105},[73,75486,75487],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75488,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,75490,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75492,102],{"class":101},[73,75494,106],{"class":105},[73,75496,553],{"class":114},[73,75498,74917],{"class":105},[73,75500,1652],{"class":315},[73,75502,20045],{"class":105},[73,75504,75505],{"class":3249},"    # first 3 items\n",[73,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75509,102],{"class":101},[73,75511,106],{"class":105},[73,75513,553],{"class":114},[73,75515,138],{"class":105},[73,75517,1652],{"class":315},[73,75519,75295],{"class":105},[73,75521,75522],{"class":3249},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[73,75524,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,75526,102],{"class":101},[73,75528,106],{"class":105},[73,75530,553],{"class":114},[73,75532,138],{"class":105},[73,75534,404],{"class":315},[73,75536,2475],{"class":105},[73,75538,1727],{"class":315},[73,75540,20045],{"class":105},[73,75542,75543],{"class":3249},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[73,75545,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,75547,102],{"class":101},[73,75549,106],{"class":105},[73,75551,553],{"class":114},[73,75553,73504],{"class":105},[73,75555,1646],{"class":315},[73,75557,20045],{"class":105},[73,75559,75560],{"class":3249},"   # every second item\n",[73,75562,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,75564,102],{"class":101},[73,75566,106],{"class":105},[73,75568,553],{"class":114},[73,75570,73504],{"class":105},[73,75572,1611],{"class":83},[73,75574,404],{"class":315},[73,75576,20045],{"class":105},[73,75578,75579],{"class":3249},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75581,1660],{},[64,75583,75585],{"className":66,"code":75584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75586,75587,75603,75619,75639,75655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75590,138],{"class":105},[73,75592,1920],{"class":315},[73,75594,149],{"class":105},[73,75596,7380],{"class":315},[73,75598,149],{"class":105},[73,75600,7385],{"class":315},[73,75602,229],{"class":105},[73,75604,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75606,138],{"class":105},[73,75608,56072],{"class":315},[73,75610,149],{"class":105},[73,75612,4671],{"class":315},[73,75614,149],{"class":105},[73,75616,75482],{"class":315},[73,75618,229],{"class":105},[73,75620,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75622,138],{"class":105},[73,75624,15352],{"class":315},[73,75626,149],{"class":105},[73,75628,7385],{"class":315},[73,75630,149],{"class":105},[73,75632,50221],{"class":315},[73,75634,149],{"class":105},[73,75636,4671],{"class":315},[73,75638,229],{"class":105},[73,75640,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75642,138],{"class":105},[73,75644,1920],{"class":315},[73,75646,149],{"class":105},[73,75648,7385],{"class":315},[73,75650,149],{"class":105},[73,75652,4671],{"class":315},[73,75654,229],{"class":105},[73,75656,75657,75659,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,75658,138],{"class":105},[73,75660,75661],{"class":315},"60",[73,75663,149],{"class":105},[73,75665,4671],{"class":315},[73,75667,149],{"class":105},[73,75669,50221],{"class":315},[73,75671,149],{"class":105},[73,75673,7385],{"class":315},[73,75675,149],{"class":105},[73,75677,7380],{"class":315},[73,75679,149],{"class":105},[73,75681,5592],{"class":315},[73,75683,229],{"class":105},[20,75685,75686,75687,817],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[587,75688,14486],{"href":56599},[59,75690,75692],{"id":75691},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75694,75695],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75697,820],{},[30,75699,75700,75706],{},[33,75701,75702,75705],{},[15,75703,75704],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,75707,75708,75711],{},[15,75709,75710],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75713,75714],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[64,75716,75718],{"className":66,"code":75717,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75719,75720,75768,75772,75791,75810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75721,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75723,35460],{"class":79},[73,75725,84],{"class":83},[73,75727,528],{"class":105},[73,75729,384],{"class":87},[73,75731,587],{"class":91},[73,75733,384],{"class":87},[73,75735,149],{"class":105},[73,75737,88],{"class":87},[73,75739,4350],{"class":91},[73,75741,384],{"class":87},[73,75743,149],{"class":105},[73,75745,88],{"class":87},[73,75747,9332],{"class":91},[73,75749,384],{"class":87},[73,75751,149],{"class":105},[73,75753,88],{"class":87},[73,75755,18366],{"class":91},[73,75757,384],{"class":87},[73,75759,149],{"class":105},[73,75761,88],{"class":87},[73,75763,59828],{"class":91},[73,75765,384],{"class":87},[73,75767,229],{"class":105},[73,75769,75770],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75771,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,75773,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75775,102],{"class":101},[73,75777,106],{"class":105},[73,75779,35513],{"class":114},[73,75781,138],{"class":105},[73,75783,1611],{"class":83},[73,75785,404],{"class":315},[73,75787,20045],{"class":105},[73,75789,75790],{"class":3249},"    # last item\n",[73,75792,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,75794,102],{"class":101},[73,75796,106],{"class":105},[73,75798,35513],{"class":114},[73,75800,138],{"class":105},[73,75802,1611],{"class":83},[73,75804,1652],{"class":315},[73,75806,75295],{"class":105},[73,75808,75809],{"class":3249},"   # last 3 items\n",[73,75811,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,75813,102],{"class":101},[73,75815,106],{"class":105},[73,75817,35513],{"class":114},[73,75819,74917],{"class":105},[73,75821,1611],{"class":83},[73,75823,404],{"class":315},[73,75825,20045],{"class":105},[73,75827,75828],{"class":3249},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75830,1660],{},[64,75832,75834],{"className":66,"code":75833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75835,75836,75841,75869],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75837,75838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75839,75840],{"class":79},"e\n",[73,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,75844,138],{"class":105},[73,75846,141],{"class":87},[73,75848,9332],{"class":91},[73,75850,141],{"class":87},[73,75852,149],{"class":105},[73,75854,152],{"class":87},[73,75856,18366],{"class":91},[73,75858,141],{"class":87},[73,75860,149],{"class":105},[73,75862,152],{"class":87},[73,75864,59828],{"class":91},[73,75866,141],{"class":87},[73,75868,229],{"class":105},[73,75870,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,75872,138],{"class":105},[73,75874,141],{"class":87},[73,75876,587],{"class":91},[73,75878,141],{"class":87},[73,75880,149],{"class":105},[73,75882,152],{"class":87},[73,75884,4350],{"class":91},[73,75886,141],{"class":87},[73,75888,149],{"class":105},[73,75890,152],{"class":87},[73,75892,9332],{"class":91},[73,75894,141],{"class":87},[73,75896,149],{"class":105},[73,75898,152],{"class":87},[73,75900,18366],{"class":91},[73,75902,141],{"class":87},[73,75904,229],{"class":105},[20,75906,12649],{},[30,75908,75909,75912,75916,75922,75928],{},[33,75910,75911],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,75913,75914,75705],{},[15,75915,75704],{},[33,75917,75918,75921],{},[15,75919,75920],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,75923,75924,75927],{},[15,75925,75926],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,75929,75930,75931,355,75933],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75932,35442],{},[15,75934,74808],{},[59,75936,75938],{"id":75937},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75940,1569,75941,75943],{},[15,75942,74811],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,75945,75946,75949,75952,75957,75967],{},[33,75947,75948],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,75950,75951],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,75953,75954,75956],{},[15,75955,75443],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,75958,8466,75959,75961,75962,75964,75965],{},[15,75960,74811],{}," is negative, ",[15,75963,35442],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75966,74808],{},[33,75968,75969,75971,75972],{},[15,75970,74811],{}," cannot be ",[15,75973,1710],{},[20,75975,75976],{},"Example with different step values:",[64,75978,75980],{"className":66,"code":75979,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75981,75982,76014,76018,76035,76057,76076],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75983,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75985,523],{"class":79},[73,75987,84],{"class":83},[73,75989,528],{"class":105},[73,75991,1920],{"class":315},[73,75993,149],{"class":105},[73,75995,7380],{"class":315},[73,75997,149],{"class":105},[73,75999,7385],{"class":315},[73,76001,149],{"class":105},[73,76003,50221],{"class":315},[73,76005,149],{"class":105},[73,76007,4671],{"class":315},[73,76009,149],{"class":105},[73,76011,75482],{"class":315},[73,76013,229],{"class":105},[73,76015,76016],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76017,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76019,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76021,102],{"class":101},[73,76023,106],{"class":105},[73,76025,553],{"class":114},[73,76027,73504],{"class":105},[73,76029,1646],{"class":315},[73,76031,20045],{"class":105},[73,76033,76034],{"class":3249},"     # every second item\n",[73,76036,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76050,76052,76054],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,76038,102],{"class":101},[73,76040,106],{"class":105},[73,76042,553],{"class":114},[73,76044,138],{"class":105},[73,76046,404],{"class":315},[73,76048,76049],{"class":105},"::",[73,76051,1646],{"class":315},[73,76053,20045],{"class":105},[73,76055,76056],{"class":3249},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[73,76058,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,76060,102],{"class":101},[73,76062,106],{"class":105},[73,76064,553],{"class":114},[73,76066,73504],{"class":105},[73,76068,1611],{"class":83},[73,76070,404],{"class":315},[73,76072,20045],{"class":105},[73,76074,76075],{"class":3249},"    # reverse the list\n",[73,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,76079,102],{"class":101},[73,76081,106],{"class":105},[73,76083,553],{"class":114},[73,76085,138],{"class":105},[73,76087,2095],{"class":315},[73,76089,2475],{"class":105},[73,76091,404],{"class":315},[73,76093,2475],{"class":105},[73,76095,1611],{"class":83},[73,76097,404],{"class":315},[73,76099,20045],{"class":105},[73,76101,76102],{"class":3249},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76104,1660],{},[64,76106,76108],{"className":66,"code":76107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76109,76110,76126,76142,76170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76111,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76113,138],{"class":105},[73,76115,1920],{"class":315},[73,76117,149],{"class":105},[73,76119,7385],{"class":315},[73,76121,149],{"class":105},[73,76123,4671],{"class":315},[73,76125,229],{"class":105},[73,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76129,138],{"class":105},[73,76131,15352],{"class":315},[73,76133,149],{"class":105},[73,76135,50221],{"class":315},[73,76137,149],{"class":105},[73,76139,75482],{"class":315},[73,76141,229],{"class":105},[73,76143,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76145,138],{"class":105},[73,76147,75661],{"class":315},[73,76149,149],{"class":105},[73,76151,4671],{"class":315},[73,76153,149],{"class":105},[73,76155,50221],{"class":315},[73,76157,149],{"class":105},[73,76159,7385],{"class":315},[73,76161,149],{"class":105},[73,76163,7380],{"class":315},[73,76165,149],{"class":105},[73,76167,5592],{"class":315},[73,76169,229],{"class":105},[73,76171,76172,76174,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,76173,138],{"class":105},[73,76175,76176],{"class":315},"50",[73,76178,149],{"class":105},[73,76180,50221],{"class":315},[73,76182,149],{"class":105},[73,76184,7385],{"class":315},[73,76186,229],{"class":105},[20,76188,76189,76190,817],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[587,76191,76192],{"href":74188},"how to reverse a list in Python",[292,76194,76196],{"id":76195},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76198,2426],{},[64,76200,76202],{"className":66,"code":76201,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76203,76204,76224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76205,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76207,523],{"class":79},[73,76209,84],{"class":83},[73,76211,528],{"class":105},[73,76213,404],{"class":315},[73,76215,149],{"class":105},[73,76217,409],{"class":315},[73,76219,149],{"class":105},[73,76221,414],{"class":315},[73,76223,229],{"class":105},[73,76225,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76227,102],{"class":101},[73,76229,106],{"class":105},[73,76231,553],{"class":114},[73,76233,73504],{"class":105},[73,76235,1710],{"class":315},[73,76237,3475],{"class":105},[20,76239,76240,76241,76243,76244,76246],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76242,40077],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76245,1710],{}," does not make sense.",[59,76248,76250],{"id":76249},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76252,76253],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[292,76255,76257],{"id":76256},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[64,76259,76261],{"className":66,"code":76260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76262,76263,76287,76291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76264,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76266,523],{"class":79},[73,76268,84],{"class":83},[73,76270,528],{"class":105},[73,76272,1920],{"class":315},[73,76274,149],{"class":105},[73,76276,7380],{"class":315},[73,76278,149],{"class":105},[73,76280,7385],{"class":315},[73,76282,149],{"class":105},[73,76284,50221],{"class":315},[73,76286,229],{"class":105},[73,76288,76289],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76290,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76292,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76294,102],{"class":101},[73,76296,106],{"class":105},[73,76298,553],{"class":114},[73,76300,138],{"class":105},[73,76302,1646],{"class":315},[73,76304,3475],{"class":105},[20,76306,1660],{},[64,76308,76309],{"className":66,"code":69222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,76310,76311],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76312,76313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76314,69222],{"class":315},[292,76316,76318],{"id":76317},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[64,76320,76322],{"className":66,"code":76321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76323,76324,76348,76352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76325,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76327,523],{"class":79},[73,76329,84],{"class":83},[73,76331,528],{"class":105},[73,76333,1920],{"class":315},[73,76335,149],{"class":105},[73,76337,7380],{"class":315},[73,76339,149],{"class":105},[73,76341,7385],{"class":315},[73,76343,149],{"class":105},[73,76345,50221],{"class":315},[73,76347,229],{"class":105},[73,76349,76350],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76351,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76353,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76355,102],{"class":101},[73,76357,106],{"class":105},[73,76359,553],{"class":114},[73,76361,138],{"class":105},[73,76363,1646],{"class":315},[73,76365,2475],{"class":105},[73,76367,1652],{"class":315},[73,76369,3475],{"class":105},[20,76371,1660],{},[64,76373,76375],{"className":66,"code":76374,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[30]\n",[15,76376,76377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76378,76379,76381,76383],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76380,138],{"class":105},[73,76382,36212],{"class":315},[73,76384,229],{"class":105},[20,76386,13360],{},[30,76388,76389,76395],{},[33,76390,76391,76394],{},[15,76392,76393],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76396,76397,76400],{},[15,76398,76399],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76402,76403],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76405,76406,76409],{},[33,76407,76408],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76410,76411],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76413,714],{},[64,76415,76417],{"className":66,"code":76416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76418,76419,76439,76443],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76420,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76422,523],{"class":79},[73,76424,84],{"class":83},[73,76426,528],{"class":105},[73,76428,1920],{"class":315},[73,76430,149],{"class":105},[73,76432,7380],{"class":315},[73,76434,149],{"class":105},[73,76436,7385],{"class":315},[73,76438,229],{"class":105},[73,76440,76441],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76442,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76444,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76446,102],{"class":101},[73,76448,106],{"class":105},[73,76450,553],{"class":114},[73,76452,138],{"class":105},[73,76454,1727],{"class":315},[73,76456,2475],{"class":105},[73,76458,1920],{"class":315},[73,76460,3475],{"class":105},[20,76462,1660],{},[64,76464,76465],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,76466,76467],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76468,76469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76470,37669],{"class":105},[20,76472,76473],{},"But this would raise an error:",[64,76475,76477],{"className":66,"code":76476,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76478,76479,76499,76503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76482,523],{"class":79},[73,76484,84],{"class":83},[73,76486,528],{"class":105},[73,76488,1920],{"class":315},[73,76490,149],{"class":105},[73,76492,7380],{"class":315},[73,76494,149],{"class":105},[73,76496,7385],{"class":315},[73,76498,229],{"class":105},[73,76500,76501],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76502,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76504,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76506,102],{"class":101},[73,76508,106],{"class":105},[73,76510,553],{"class":114},[73,76512,138],{"class":105},[73,76514,1727],{"class":315},[73,76516,3475],{"class":105},[20,76518,76519,76520,817],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[587,76521,68641],{"href":68640},[59,76523,14775],{"id":76524},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76526,76527],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76529,76530,76534,76536,76539,76545],{},[33,76531,4293,76532,75123],{},[15,76533,74808],{},[33,76535,60073],{},[33,76537,76538],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76540,36575,76541,8295,76543],{},[15,76542,75443],{},[15,76544,72908],{},[33,76546,76547,76548,76550],{},"Using step ",[15,76549,1710],{},", which causes an error",[292,76552,76554],{"id":76553},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[64,76556,76558],{"className":66,"code":76557,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76559,76560,76588],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76563,523],{"class":79},[73,76565,84],{"class":83},[73,76567,528],{"class":105},[73,76569,1920],{"class":315},[73,76571,149],{"class":105},[73,76573,7380],{"class":315},[73,76575,149],{"class":105},[73,76577,7385],{"class":315},[73,76579,149],{"class":105},[73,76581,50221],{"class":315},[73,76583,149],{"class":105},[73,76585,4671],{"class":315},[73,76587,229],{"class":105},[73,76589,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76591,102],{"class":101},[73,76593,106],{"class":105},[73,76595,553],{"class":114},[73,76597,138],{"class":105},[73,76599,404],{"class":315},[73,76601,2475],{"class":105},[73,76603,2095],{"class":315},[73,76605,3475],{"class":105},[20,76607,76608],{},"This returns:",[64,76610,76612],{"className":66,"code":76611,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76613,76614],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76615,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76617,138],{"class":105},[73,76619,15352],{"class":315},[73,76621,149],{"class":105},[73,76623,7385],{"class":315},[73,76625,149],{"class":105},[73,76627,50221],{"class":315},[73,76629,229],{"class":105},[20,76631,40279,76632,76634,76635,76637,76638,817],{},[55,76633,806],{}," include ",[15,76636,76176],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76639,2095],{},[292,76641,76643],{"id":76642},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76645,16242],{},[64,76647,76649],{"className":66,"code":76648,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76650,76651,76671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76654,523],{"class":79},[73,76656,84],{"class":83},[73,76658,528],{"class":105},[73,76660,1920],{"class":315},[73,76662,149],{"class":105},[73,76664,7380],{"class":315},[73,76666,149],{"class":105},[73,76668,7385],{"class":315},[73,76670,229],{"class":105},[73,76672,76673],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76674,76675],{"class":3249},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76677,76678],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[64,76680,76682],{"className":66,"code":76681,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76683,76684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76685,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76687,102],{"class":101},[73,76689,106],{"class":105},[73,76691,553],{"class":114},[73,76693,138],{"class":105},[73,76695,404],{"class":315},[73,76697,2475],{"class":105},[73,76699,1652],{"class":315},[73,76701,3475],{"class":105},[292,76703,76705],{"id":76704},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76707,76708],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[64,76710,76712],{"className":66,"code":76711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76713,76714,76738,76752,76756,76766],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76715,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76717,523],{"class":79},[73,76719,84],{"class":83},[73,76721,528],{"class":105},[73,76723,1920],{"class":315},[73,76725,149],{"class":105},[73,76727,7380],{"class":315},[73,76729,149],{"class":105},[73,76731,7385],{"class":315},[73,76733,149],{"class":105},[73,76735,50221],{"class":315},[73,76737,229],{"class":105},[73,76739,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76741,75041],{"class":79},[73,76743,84],{"class":83},[73,76745,3851],{"class":79},[73,76747,74917],{"class":105},[73,76749,1646],{"class":315},[73,76751,229],{"class":105},[73,76753,76754],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76755,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76757,76758,76760,76762,76764],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,76759,102],{"class":101},[73,76761,106],{"class":105},[73,76763,75064],{"class":114},[73,76765,854],{"class":105},[73,76767,76768,76770,76772,76774],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,76769,102],{"class":101},[73,76771,106],{"class":105},[73,76773,553],{"class":114},[73,76775,854],{"class":105},[20,76777,1660],{},[64,76779,76781],{"className":66,"code":76780,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76782,76783,76795],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76784,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76786,138],{"class":105},[73,76788,1920],{"class":315},[73,76790,149],{"class":105},[73,76792,7380],{"class":315},[73,76794,229],{"class":105},[73,76796,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76798,138],{"class":105},[73,76800,1920],{"class":315},[73,76802,149],{"class":105},[73,76804,7380],{"class":315},[73,76806,149],{"class":105},[73,76808,7385],{"class":315},[73,76810,149],{"class":105},[73,76812,50221],{"class":315},[73,76814,229],{"class":105},[20,76816,76817],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[292,76819,76821,76822,8295,76824],{"id":76820},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76823,75443],{},[15,76825,72908],{},[64,76827,76829],{"className":66,"code":76828,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76830,76831,76851,76855,76872,76883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76832,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76834,523],{"class":79},[73,76836,84],{"class":83},[73,76838,528],{"class":105},[73,76840,1920],{"class":315},[73,76842,149],{"class":105},[73,76844,7380],{"class":315},[73,76846,149],{"class":105},[73,76848,7385],{"class":315},[73,76850,229],{"class":105},[73,76852,76853],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76854,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,76856,76857,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,76858,76859],{"class":79},"reversed_copy ",[73,76861,84],{"class":83},[73,76863,3851],{"class":79},[73,76865,73504],{"class":105},[73,76867,1611],{"class":83},[73,76869,404],{"class":315},[73,76871,229],{"class":105},[73,76873,76874,76876,76878,76881],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,76875,102],{"class":101},[73,76877,106],{"class":105},[73,76879,76880],{"class":114},"reversed_copy",[73,76882,854],{"class":105},[73,76884,76885,76887,76889,76891],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,76886,102],{"class":101},[73,76888,106],{"class":105},[73,76890,553],{"class":114},[73,76892,854],{"class":105},[20,76894,1660],{},[64,76896,76898],{"className":66,"code":76897,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76899,76900,76916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76901,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76903,138],{"class":105},[73,76905,36212],{"class":315},[73,76907,149],{"class":105},[73,76909,7380],{"class":315},[73,76911,149],{"class":105},[73,76913,5592],{"class":315},[73,76915,229],{"class":105},[73,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76919,138],{"class":105},[73,76921,1920],{"class":315},[73,76923,149],{"class":105},[73,76925,7380],{"class":315},[73,76927,149],{"class":105},[73,76929,7385],{"class":315},[73,76931,229],{"class":105},[20,76933,76934,76937],{},[15,76935,76936],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76939,76940,76941,76944],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76942,76943],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[292,76946,76948],{"id":76947},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76950,76951],{},"This is not allowed:",[64,76953,76955],{"className":66,"code":76954,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76956,76957,76977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76958,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76960,523],{"class":79},[73,76962,84],{"class":83},[73,76964,528],{"class":105},[73,76966,1920],{"class":315},[73,76968,149],{"class":105},[73,76970,7380],{"class":315},[73,76972,149],{"class":105},[73,76974,7385],{"class":315},[73,76976,229],{"class":105},[73,76978,76979],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,76980,76981],{"class":3249},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76983,76984,76985,817],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76986,40077],{},[59,76988,76990],{"id":76989},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76992,76993],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,76995,76996,77003,77009,77012,77015],{},[33,76997,36575,76998,355,77000,77002],{},[15,76999,35442],{},[15,77001,74808],{}," positions",[33,77004,77005,77006,77008],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77007,74808],{}," index is included",[33,77010,77011],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77013,77014],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77016,77017],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77019,77020],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[64,77022,77024],{"className":66,"code":77023,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77025,77026,77036,77050,77068,77082,77099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77027,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77029,102],{"class":101},[73,77031,106],{"class":105},[73,77033,7930],{"class":114},[73,77035,854],{"class":105},[73,77037,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77039,102],{"class":101},[73,77041,106],{"class":105},[73,77043,10755],{"class":101},[73,77045,106],{"class":105},[73,77047,7930],{"class":114},[73,77049,118],{"class":105},[73,77051,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77053,102],{"class":101},[73,77055,106],{"class":105},[73,77057,7930],{"class":114},[73,77059,138],{"class":105},[73,77061,404],{"class":315},[73,77063,2475],{"class":105},[73,77065,2095],{"class":315},[73,77067,3475],{"class":105},[73,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77071,102],{"class":101},[73,77073,106],{"class":105},[73,77075,7930],{"class":114},[73,77077,74917],{"class":105},[73,77079,1652],{"class":315},[73,77081,3475],{"class":105},[73,77083,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,77085,102],{"class":101},[73,77087,106],{"class":105},[73,77089,7930],{"class":114},[73,77091,138],{"class":105},[73,77093,1611],{"class":83},[73,77095,1652],{"class":315},[73,77097,77098],{"class":105},":])\n",[73,77100,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,77102,102],{"class":101},[73,77104,106],{"class":105},[73,77106,7930],{"class":114},[73,77108,73504],{"class":105},[73,77110,1611],{"class":83},[73,77112,404],{"class":315},[73,77114,3475],{"class":105},[20,77116,438,77117,77119,77120,77124],{},[15,77118,41735],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[587,77121,77123],{"href":77122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[59,77126,1405],{"id":1404},[292,77128,77130],{"id":77129},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77132,77133],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[292,77135,77137],{"id":77136},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77139,77140],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[292,77142,1409,77144,39333],{"id":77143},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77145,75443],{},[20,77147,77148],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[292,77150,77152,77153,1424],{"id":77151},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77154,70113],{},[20,77156,77157],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[59,77159,1461],{"id":1460},[30,77161,77162,77167,77172,77176,77180,77184],{},[33,77163,77164],{},[587,77165,77166],{"href":50357},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77168,77169],{},[587,77170,77171],{"href":56533},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77173,77174],{},[587,77175,14563],{"href":56599},[33,77177,77178],{},[587,77179,74189],{"href":74188},[33,77181,77182],{},[587,77183,77123],{"href":77122},[33,77185,77186],{},[587,77187,68641],{"href":68640},[20,77189,77190,77191,77193],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77192,41735],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1500,77195,77196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":77198},[77199,77200,77201,77202,77203,77204,77207,77211,77219,77220,77228],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":74972,"depth":98,"text":74973},{"id":75135,"depth":98,"text":75136},{"id":75397,"depth":98,"text":75398},{"id":75691,"depth":98,"text":75692},{"id":75937,"depth":98,"text":75938,"children":77205},[77206],{"id":76195,"depth":332,"text":76196},{"id":76249,"depth":98,"text":76250,"children":77208},[77209,77210],{"id":76256,"depth":332,"text":76257},{"id":76317,"depth":332,"text":76318},{"id":76524,"depth":98,"text":14775,"children":77212},[77213,77214,77215,77216,77218],{"id":76553,"depth":332,"text":76554},{"id":76642,"depth":332,"text":76643},{"id":76704,"depth":332,"text":76705},{"id":76820,"depth":332,"text":77217},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76947,"depth":332,"text":76948},{"id":76989,"depth":98,"text":76990},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":77221},[77222,77223,77224,77226],{"id":77129,"depth":332,"text":77130},{"id":77136,"depth":332,"text":77137},{"id":77143,"depth":332,"text":77225},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77151,"depth":332,"text":77227},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74795,"description":77229},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77236,"title":77237,"body":77238,"description":79307,"extension":1552,"meta":79308,"navigation":335,"path":79309,"seo":79310,"stem":79311,"__hash__":79312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77239,"toc":79273},[77240,77245,77251,77257,77259,77306,77313,77318,77322,77337,77340,77393,77395,77420,77425,77427,77459,77462,77478,77480,77541,77543,77568,77572,77577,77630,77632,77657,77662,77723,77725,77750,77753,77760,77764,77767,77828,77830,77863,77866,77927,77929,77962,77968,78041,78043,78075,78082,78087,78092,78094,78106,78109,78187,78189,78230,78233,78307,78309,78342,78347,78354,78361,78365,78374,78378,78386,78388,78455,78457,78493,78498,78509,78511,78516,78521,78523,78586,78588,78613,78620,78625,78629,78632,78672,78677,78683,78688,78690,78717,78722,78725,78772,78774,78831,78838,78843,78849,78918,78922,78925,78988,78990,79023,79028,79030,79033,79114,79116,79140,79146,79148,79153,79157,79164,79172,79176,79178,79201,79205,79207,79234,79237,79244,79247,79249,79270],[10,77241,53721,77243,10916],{"id":77242},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77244,63693],{},[20,77246,77247,77250],{},[15,77248,77249],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77252,77253,77254,77256],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77255,63693],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[59,77258,62],{"id":61},[64,77260,77262],{"className":66,"code":77261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77263,77264,77284,77294],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77265,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77267,523],{"class":79},[73,77269,84],{"class":83},[73,77271,528],{"class":105},[73,77273,1652],{"class":315},[73,77275,149],{"class":105},[73,77277,5084],{"class":315},[73,77279,149],{"class":105},[73,77281,409],{"class":315},[73,77283,229],{"class":105},[73,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77287,553],{"class":79},[73,77289,817],{"class":105},[73,77291,579],{"class":114},[73,77293,8233],{"class":105},[73,77295,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77297,102],{"class":101},[73,77299,106],{"class":105},[73,77301,553],{"class":114},[73,77303,3246],{"class":105},[73,77305,54311],{"class":3249},[20,77307,121,77308,77310,77311,817],{},[15,77309,77249],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77312,3364],{},[59,77314,236,77316,239],{"id":77315},"what-listsort-does",[15,77317,77249],{},[20,77319,77320,2475],{},[15,77321,77249],{},[30,77323,77324,77327,77330,77334],{},[33,77325,77326],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77328,77329],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77331,11018,77332],{},[15,77333,3364],{},[33,77335,77336],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77338,77339],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[64,77341,77343],{"className":66,"code":77342,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77344,77345,77369,77379,77383],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77346,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77348,523],{"class":79},[73,77350,84],{"class":83},[73,77352,528],{"class":105},[73,77354,1727],{"class":315},[73,77356,149],{"class":105},[73,77358,409],{"class":315},[73,77360,149],{"class":105},[73,77362,53515],{"class":315},[73,77364,149],{"class":105},[73,77366,5084],{"class":315},[73,77368,229],{"class":105},[73,77370,77371,77373,77375,77377],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77372,553],{"class":79},[73,77374,817],{"class":105},[73,77376,579],{"class":114},[73,77378,8233],{"class":105},[73,77380,77381],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77382,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77386,102],{"class":101},[73,77388,106],{"class":105},[73,77390,553],{"class":114},[73,77392,854],{"class":105},[20,77394,1660],{},[64,77396,77398],{"className":66,"code":77397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77399,77400],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77401,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77403,138],{"class":105},[73,77405,404],{"class":315},[73,77407,149],{"class":105},[73,77409,409],{"class":315},[73,77411,149],{"class":105},[73,77413,4194],{"class":315},[73,77415,149],{"class":105},[73,77417,53515],{"class":315},[73,77419,229],{"class":105},[20,77421,77422,77423,817],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[587,77424,66459],{"href":50357},[59,77426,285],{"id":284},[64,77428,77430],{"className":66,"code":77429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77431,77432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77453,77455,77457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77435,7930],{"class":79},[73,77437,817],{"class":105},[73,77439,579],{"class":114},[73,77441,106],{"class":105},[73,77443,14439],{"class":8767},[73,77445,84],{"class":83},[73,77447,3364],{"class":3438},[73,77449,149],{"class":105},[73,77451,77452],{"class":8767}," reverse",[73,77454,84],{"class":83},[73,77456,3260],{"class":3438},[73,77458,854],{"class":105},[20,77460,77461],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77463,77464,77469,77475],{},[33,77465,77466,77468],{},[15,77467,14439],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77470,77471,77474],{},[15,77472,77473],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77476,77477],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77479,714],{},[64,77481,77483],{"className":66,"code":77482,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77484,77485,77509,77527,77531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77486,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77488,523],{"class":79},[73,77490,84],{"class":83},[73,77492,528],{"class":105},[73,77494,2095],{"class":315},[73,77496,149],{"class":105},[73,77498,5084],{"class":315},[73,77500,149],{"class":105},[73,77502,5581],{"class":315},[73,77504,149],{"class":105},[73,77506,409],{"class":315},[73,77508,229],{"class":105},[73,77510,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77512,553],{"class":79},[73,77514,817],{"class":105},[73,77516,579],{"class":114},[73,77518,106],{"class":105},[73,77520,72959],{"class":8767},[73,77522,84],{"class":83},[73,77524,3190],{"class":3438},[73,77526,854],{"class":105},[73,77528,77529],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77530,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77532,77533,77535,77537,77539],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77534,102],{"class":101},[73,77536,106],{"class":105},[73,77538,553],{"class":114},[73,77540,854],{"class":105},[20,77542,1660],{},[64,77544,77546],{"className":66,"code":77545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77547,77548],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77549,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77551,138],{"class":105},[73,77553,1614],{"class":315},[73,77555,149],{"class":105},[73,77557,2047],{"class":315},[73,77559,149],{"class":105},[73,77561,409],{"class":315},[73,77563,149],{"class":105},[73,77565,5084],{"class":315},[73,77567,229],{"class":105},[59,77569,77571],{"id":77570},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77573,121,77574,77576],{},[15,77575,63693],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[64,77578,77580],{"className":66,"code":77579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77581,77582,77606,77616,77620],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77583,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77585,523],{"class":79},[73,77587,84],{"class":83},[73,77589,528],{"class":105},[73,77591,1920],{"class":315},[73,77593,149],{"class":105},[73,77595,414],{"class":315},[73,77597,149],{"class":105},[73,77599,5948],{"class":315},[73,77601,149],{"class":105},[73,77603,5084],{"class":315},[73,77605,229],{"class":105},[73,77607,77608,77610,77612,77614],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77609,553],{"class":79},[73,77611,817],{"class":105},[73,77613,579],{"class":114},[73,77615,8233],{"class":105},[73,77617,77618],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77619,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77621,77622,77624,77626,77628],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77623,102],{"class":101},[73,77625,106],{"class":105},[73,77627,553],{"class":114},[73,77629,854],{"class":105},[20,77631,1660],{},[64,77633,77635],{"className":66,"code":77634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77636,77637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77638,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77640,138],{"class":105},[73,77642,404],{"class":315},[73,77644,149],{"class":105},[73,77646,414],{"class":315},[73,77648,149],{"class":105},[73,77650,5948],{"class":315},[73,77652,149],{"class":105},[73,77654,5592],{"class":315},[73,77656,229],{"class":105},[20,77658,121,77659,77661],{},[15,77660,77473],{}," for descending order:",[64,77663,77665],{"className":66,"code":77664,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77666,77667,77691,77709,77713],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77668,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77670,523],{"class":79},[73,77672,84],{"class":83},[73,77674,528],{"class":105},[73,77676,1920],{"class":315},[73,77678,149],{"class":105},[73,77680,414],{"class":315},[73,77682,149],{"class":105},[73,77684,5948],{"class":315},[73,77686,149],{"class":105},[73,77688,5084],{"class":315},[73,77690,229],{"class":105},[73,77692,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77694,553],{"class":79},[73,77696,817],{"class":105},[73,77698,579],{"class":114},[73,77700,106],{"class":105},[73,77702,72959],{"class":8767},[73,77704,84],{"class":83},[73,77706,3190],{"class":3438},[73,77708,854],{"class":105},[73,77710,77711],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77712,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77714,77715,77717,77719,77721],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77716,102],{"class":101},[73,77718,106],{"class":105},[73,77720,553],{"class":114},[73,77722,854],{"class":105},[20,77724,1660],{},[64,77726,77728],{"className":66,"code":77727,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77729,77730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77731,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77733,138],{"class":105},[73,77735,1920],{"class":315},[73,77737,149],{"class":105},[73,77739,5948],{"class":315},[73,77741,149],{"class":105},[73,77743,414],{"class":315},[73,77745,149],{"class":105},[73,77747,5084],{"class":315},[73,77749,229],{"class":105},[20,77751,77752],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77754,77755,77756,817],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[587,77757,77759],{"href":77758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[59,77761,77763],{"id":77762},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77765,77766],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[64,77768,77770],{"className":66,"code":77769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77771,77772,77804,77814,77818],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77773,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77775,3657],{"class":79},[73,77777,84],{"class":83},[73,77779,528],{"class":105},[73,77781,384],{"class":87},[73,77783,3675],{"class":91},[73,77785,384],{"class":87},[73,77787,149],{"class":105},[73,77789,88],{"class":87},[73,77791,3666],{"class":91},[73,77793,384],{"class":87},[73,77795,149],{"class":105},[73,77797,88],{"class":87},[73,77799,3684],{"class":91},[73,77801,384],{"class":87},[73,77803,229],{"class":105},[73,77805,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77807,3701],{"class":79},[73,77809,817],{"class":105},[73,77811,579],{"class":114},[73,77813,8233],{"class":105},[73,77815,77816],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77817,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77819,77820,77822,77824,77826],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77821,102],{"class":101},[73,77823,106],{"class":105},[73,77825,3701],{"class":114},[73,77827,854],{"class":105},[20,77829,1660],{},[64,77831,77833],{"className":66,"code":77832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77834,77835],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77836,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77838,138],{"class":105},[73,77840,141],{"class":87},[73,77842,3666],{"class":91},[73,77844,141],{"class":87},[73,77846,149],{"class":105},[73,77848,152],{"class":87},[73,77850,3675],{"class":91},[73,77852,141],{"class":87},[73,77854,149],{"class":105},[73,77856,152],{"class":87},[73,77858,3684],{"class":91},[73,77860,141],{"class":87},[73,77862,229],{"class":105},[20,77864,77865],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[64,77867,77869],{"className":66,"code":77868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77870,77871,77903,77913,77917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77872,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77874,3657],{"class":79},[73,77876,84],{"class":83},[73,77878,528],{"class":105},[73,77880,384],{"class":87},[73,77882,3675],{"class":91},[73,77884,384],{"class":87},[73,77886,149],{"class":105},[73,77888,88],{"class":87},[73,77890,57148],{"class":91},[73,77892,384],{"class":87},[73,77894,149],{"class":105},[73,77896,88],{"class":87},[73,77898,3684],{"class":91},[73,77900,384],{"class":87},[73,77902,229],{"class":105},[73,77904,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,77906,3701],{"class":79},[73,77908,817],{"class":105},[73,77910,579],{"class":114},[73,77912,8233],{"class":105},[73,77914,77915],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,77916,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,77918,77919,77921,77923,77925],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,77920,102],{"class":101},[73,77922,106],{"class":105},[73,77924,3701],{"class":114},[73,77926,854],{"class":105},[20,77928,1660],{},[64,77930,77932],{"className":66,"code":77931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77933,77934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77935,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77937,138],{"class":105},[73,77939,141],{"class":87},[73,77941,57148],{"class":91},[73,77943,141],{"class":87},[73,77945,149],{"class":105},[73,77947,152],{"class":87},[73,77949,3675],{"class":91},[73,77951,141],{"class":87},[73,77953,149],{"class":105},[73,77955,152],{"class":87},[73,77957,3684],{"class":91},[73,77959,141],{"class":87},[73,77961,229],{"class":105},[20,77963,77964,77965,2475],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77966,77967],{},"key=str.lower",[64,77969,77971],{"className":66,"code":77970,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77972,77973,78005,78027,78031],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77974,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77976,3657],{"class":79},[73,77978,84],{"class":83},[73,77980,528],{"class":105},[73,77982,384],{"class":87},[73,77984,3675],{"class":91},[73,77986,384],{"class":87},[73,77988,149],{"class":105},[73,77990,88],{"class":87},[73,77992,57148],{"class":91},[73,77994,384],{"class":87},[73,77996,149],{"class":105},[73,77998,88],{"class":87},[73,78000,3684],{"class":91},[73,78002,384],{"class":87},[73,78004,229],{"class":105},[73,78006,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78008,3701],{"class":79},[73,78010,817],{"class":105},[73,78012,579],{"class":114},[73,78014,106],{"class":105},[73,78016,14439],{"class":8767},[73,78018,84],{"class":83},[73,78020,3031],{"class":1270},[73,78022,817],{"class":105},[73,78024,206],{"class":851},[73,78026,854],{"class":105},[73,78028,78029],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78030,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78032,78033,78035,78037,78039],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78034,102],{"class":101},[73,78036,106],{"class":105},[73,78038,3701],{"class":114},[73,78040,854],{"class":105},[20,78042,1660],{},[64,78044,78045],{"className":66,"code":77931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,78046,78047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78048,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78050,138],{"class":105},[73,78052,141],{"class":87},[73,78054,57148],{"class":91},[73,78056,141],{"class":87},[73,78058,149],{"class":105},[73,78060,152],{"class":87},[73,78062,3675],{"class":91},[73,78064,141],{"class":87},[73,78066,149],{"class":105},[73,78068,152],{"class":87},[73,78070,3684],{"class":91},[73,78072,141],{"class":87},[73,78074,229],{"class":105},[20,78076,78077,78078,78081],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78079,78080],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[59,78083,35983,78085,35986],{"id":78084},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78086,14439],{},[20,78088,1569,78089,78091],{},[15,78090,14439],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78093,6933],{},[30,78095,78096,78101],{},[33,78097,78098,78100],{},[15,78099,10755],{}," to sort by length",[33,78102,78103,78105],{},[15,78104,78080],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78107,78108],{},"Sort words by length:",[64,78110,78112],{"className":66,"code":78111,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78113,78114,78155,78173,78177],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78115,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78117,3657],{"class":79},[73,78119,84],{"class":83},[73,78121,528],{"class":105},[73,78123,384],{"class":87},[73,78125,78126],{"class":91},"pear",[73,78128,384],{"class":87},[73,78130,149],{"class":105},[73,78132,88],{"class":87},[73,78134,3675],{"class":91},[73,78136,384],{"class":87},[73,78138,149],{"class":105},[73,78140,88],{"class":87},[73,78142,37730],{"class":91},[73,78144,384],{"class":87},[73,78146,149],{"class":105},[73,78148,88],{"class":87},[73,78150,3666],{"class":91},[73,78152,384],{"class":87},[73,78154,229],{"class":105},[73,78156,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78158,3701],{"class":79},[73,78160,817],{"class":105},[73,78162,579],{"class":114},[73,78164,106],{"class":105},[73,78166,14439],{"class":8767},[73,78168,84],{"class":83},[73,78170,10755],{"class":101},[73,78172,854],{"class":105},[73,78174,78175],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78176,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78178,78179,78181,78183,78185],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78180,102],{"class":101},[73,78182,106],{"class":105},[73,78184,3701],{"class":114},[73,78186,854],{"class":105},[20,78188,1660],{},[64,78190,78192],{"className":66,"code":78191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78193,78194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78195,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78197,138],{"class":105},[73,78199,141],{"class":87},[73,78201,37730],{"class":91},[73,78203,141],{"class":87},[73,78205,149],{"class":105},[73,78207,152],{"class":87},[73,78209,78126],{"class":91},[73,78211,141],{"class":87},[73,78213,149],{"class":105},[73,78215,152],{"class":87},[73,78217,3666],{"class":91},[73,78219,141],{"class":87},[73,78221,149],{"class":105},[73,78223,152],{"class":87},[73,78225,3675],{"class":91},[73,78227,141],{"class":87},[73,78229,229],{"class":105},[20,78231,78232],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[64,78234,78236],{"className":66,"code":78235,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78237,78238,78271,78293,78297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78239,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78267,78269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78241,3657],{"class":79},[73,78243,84],{"class":83},[73,78245,528],{"class":105},[73,78247,384],{"class":87},[73,78249,4603],{"class":91},[73,78251,384],{"class":87},[73,78253,149],{"class":105},[73,78255,88],{"class":87},[73,78257,17402],{"class":91},[73,78259,384],{"class":87},[73,78261,149],{"class":105},[73,78263,88],{"class":87},[73,78265,78266],{"class":91},"Carol",[73,78268,384],{"class":87},[73,78270,229],{"class":105},[73,78272,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78274,3701],{"class":79},[73,78276,817],{"class":105},[73,78278,579],{"class":114},[73,78280,106],{"class":105},[73,78282,14439],{"class":8767},[73,78284,84],{"class":83},[73,78286,3031],{"class":1270},[73,78288,817],{"class":105},[73,78290,206],{"class":851},[73,78292,854],{"class":105},[73,78294,78295],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78296,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78300,102],{"class":101},[73,78302,106],{"class":105},[73,78304,3701],{"class":114},[73,78306,854],{"class":105},[20,78308,1660],{},[64,78310,78312],{"className":66,"code":78311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78313,78314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78315,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78317,138],{"class":105},[73,78319,141],{"class":87},[73,78321,17402],{"class":91},[73,78323,141],{"class":87},[73,78325,149],{"class":105},[73,78327,152],{"class":87},[73,78329,4603],{"class":91},[73,78331,141],{"class":87},[73,78333,149],{"class":105},[73,78335,152],{"class":87},[73,78337,78266],{"class":91},[73,78339,141],{"class":87},[73,78341,229],{"class":105},[20,78343,1569,78344,78346],{},[15,78345,14439],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[59,78348,78350,1011,78352],{"id":78349},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78351,77249],{},[15,78353,73806],{},[20,78355,78356,355,78358,78360],{},[15,78357,77249],{},[15,78359,73806],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78362,78363,2475],{},[15,78364,77249],{},[30,78366,78367,78370],{},[33,78368,78369],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78371,11018,78372],{},[15,78373,3364],{},[20,78375,78376,2475],{},[15,78377,73806],{},[30,78379,78380,78383],{},[33,78381,78382],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78384,78385],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78387,714],{},[64,78389,78391],{"className":66,"code":78390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78392,78393,78413,78417,78431,78435,78445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78394,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78396,523],{"class":79},[73,78398,84],{"class":83},[73,78400,528],{"class":105},[73,78402,1652],{"class":315},[73,78404,149],{"class":105},[73,78406,5084],{"class":315},[73,78408,149],{"class":105},[73,78410,409],{"class":315},[73,78412,229],{"class":105},[73,78414,78415],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78416,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78418,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78420,55269],{"class":79},[73,78422,84],{"class":83},[73,78424,73940],{"class":101},[73,78426,106],{"class":105},[73,78428,553],{"class":114},[73,78430,854],{"class":105},[73,78432,78433],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78434,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78436,78437,78439,78441,78443],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,78438,102],{"class":101},[73,78440,106],{"class":105},[73,78442,553],{"class":114},[73,78444,854],{"class":105},[73,78446,78447,78449,78451,78453],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,78448,102],{"class":101},[73,78450,106],{"class":105},[73,78452,73663],{"class":114},[73,78454,854],{"class":105},[20,78456,1660],{},[64,78458,78459],{"className":66,"code":73975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,78460,78461,78477],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78462,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78464,138],{"class":105},[73,78466,1652],{"class":315},[73,78468,149],{"class":105},[73,78470,5084],{"class":315},[73,78472,149],{"class":105},[73,78474,409],{"class":315},[73,78476,229],{"class":105},[73,78478,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78480,138],{"class":105},[73,78482,404],{"class":315},[73,78484,149],{"class":105},[73,78486,409],{"class":315},[73,78488,149],{"class":105},[73,78490,414],{"class":315},[73,78492,229],{"class":105},[20,78494,121,78495,78497],{},[15,78496,73806],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78499,78500,78501,355,78505,817],{},"You can learn more in ",[587,78502,13,78503,5370],{"href":73903},[15,78504,73806],{},[587,78506,78508],{"href":78507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[59,78510,1207],{"id":1206},[20,78512,78513,78514,817],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78515,77249],{},[292,78517,12190,78519],{"id":78518},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78520,63693],{},[20,78522,25287],{},[64,78524,78526],{"className":66,"code":78525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78527,78528,78548,78562,78566,78576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78531,523],{"class":79},[73,78533,84],{"class":83},[73,78535,528],{"class":105},[73,78537,1652],{"class":315},[73,78539,149],{"class":105},[73,78541,5084],{"class":315},[73,78543,149],{"class":105},[73,78545,409],{"class":315},[73,78547,229],{"class":105},[73,78549,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78551,1819],{"class":79},[73,78553,84],{"class":83},[73,78555,3851],{"class":79},[73,78557,817],{"class":105},[73,78559,579],{"class":114},[73,78561,8233],{"class":105},[73,78563,78564],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78565,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78567,78568,78570,78572,78574],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78569,102],{"class":101},[73,78571,106],{"class":105},[73,78573,1854],{"class":114},[73,78575,854],{"class":105},[73,78577,78578,78580,78582,78584],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,78579,102],{"class":101},[73,78581,106],{"class":105},[73,78583,553],{"class":114},[73,78585,854],{"class":105},[20,78587,1660],{},[64,78589,78591],{"className":66,"code":78590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78592,78593,78597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78594,78595],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78596,11403],{"class":3438},[73,78598,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78600,138],{"class":105},[73,78602,404],{"class":315},[73,78604,149],{"class":105},[73,78606,409],{"class":315},[73,78608,149],{"class":105},[73,78610,414],{"class":315},[73,78612,229],{"class":105},[20,78614,78615,78617,78618,817],{},[15,78616,63693],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78619,3364],{},[20,78621,78622,78623,6221],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78624,73806],{},[292,78626,78628],{"id":78627},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78630,78631],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[64,78633,78635],{"className":66,"code":78634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78636,78637,78662],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78638,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78654,78656,78658,78660],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78640,7369],{"class":79},[73,78642,84],{"class":83},[73,78644,528],{"class":105},[73,78646,404],{"class":315},[73,78648,149],{"class":105},[73,78650,88],{"class":87},[73,78652,78653],{"class":91},"two",[73,78655,384],{"class":87},[73,78657,149],{"class":105},[73,78659,414],{"class":315},[73,78661,229],{"class":105},[73,78663,78664,78666,78668,78670],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78665,7400],{"class":79},[73,78667,817],{"class":105},[73,78669,579],{"class":114},[73,78671,8233],{"class":105},[20,78673,2591,78674,78676],{},[15,78675,2594],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[292,78678,4293,78680,78682],{"id":78679},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78681,63693],{}," only works on lists",[20,78684,78685,78687],{},[15,78686,63693],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78689,16242],{},[64,78691,78693],{"className":66,"code":78692,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78694,78695,78707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78698,461],{"class":79},[73,78700,84],{"class":83},[73,78702,88],{"class":87},[73,78704,68],{"class":91},[73,78706,95],{"class":87},[73,78708,78709,78711,78713,78715],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78710,482],{"class":79},[73,78712,817],{"class":105},[73,78714,579],{"class":114},[73,78716,8233],{"class":105},[20,78718,78719,78720,33198],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78721,63693],{},[20,78723,78724],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[64,78726,78728],{"className":66,"code":78727,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78729,78730,78748,78758,78762],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78731,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78733,35460],{"class":79},[73,78735,84],{"class":83},[73,78737,22159],{"class":1270},[73,78739,106],{"class":105},[73,78741,384],{"class":87},[73,78743,68],{"class":91},[73,78745,384],{"class":87},[73,78747,854],{"class":105},[73,78749,78750,78752,78754,78756],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78751,35513],{"class":79},[73,78753,817],{"class":105},[73,78755,579],{"class":114},[73,78757,8233],{"class":105},[73,78759,78760],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78761,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78763,78764,78766,78768,78770],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78765,102],{"class":101},[73,78767,106],{"class":105},[73,78769,35513],{"class":114},[73,78771,854],{"class":105},[20,78773,1660],{},[64,78775,78777],{"className":66,"code":78776,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78778,78779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78780,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78782,138],{"class":105},[73,78784,141],{"class":87},[73,78786,59819],{"class":91},[73,78788,141],{"class":87},[73,78790,149],{"class":105},[73,78792,152],{"class":87},[73,78794,75412],{"class":91},[73,78796,141],{"class":87},[73,78798,149],{"class":105},[73,78800,152],{"class":87},[73,78802,59854],{"class":91},[73,78804,141],{"class":87},[73,78806,149],{"class":105},[73,78808,152],{"class":87},[73,78810,20],{"class":91},[73,78812,141],{"class":87},[73,78814,149],{"class":105},[73,78816,152],{"class":87},[73,78818,62668],{"class":91},[73,78820,141],{"class":87},[73,78822,149],{"class":105},[73,78824,152],{"class":87},[73,78826,11340],{"class":91},[73,78828,141],{"class":87},[73,78830,229],{"class":105},[292,78832,78834,78835,78837],{"id":78833},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78836,14439],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78839,78840,78841,817],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78842,14439],{},[20,78844,78845,78846,78848],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78847,63693],{}," will not do that:",[64,78850,78852],{"className":66,"code":78851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78853,78854,78886,78904,78908],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78855,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78857,3657],{"class":79},[73,78859,84],{"class":83},[73,78861,528],{"class":105},[73,78863,384],{"class":87},[73,78865,3675],{"class":91},[73,78867,384],{"class":87},[73,78869,149],{"class":105},[73,78871,88],{"class":87},[73,78873,37730],{"class":91},[73,78875,384],{"class":87},[73,78877,149],{"class":105},[73,78879,88],{"class":87},[73,78881,3666],{"class":91},[73,78883,384],{"class":87},[73,78885,229],{"class":105},[73,78887,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78889,3701],{"class":79},[73,78891,817],{"class":105},[73,78893,579],{"class":114},[73,78895,106],{"class":105},[73,78897,14439],{"class":8767},[73,78899,84],{"class":83},[73,78901,10755],{"class":101},[73,78903,854],{"class":105},[73,78905,78906],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78907,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78909,78910,78912,78914,78916],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78911,102],{"class":101},[73,78913,106],{"class":105},[73,78915,3701],{"class":114},[73,78917,854],{"class":105},[292,78919,78921],{"id":78920},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78923,78924],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[64,78926,78928],{"className":66,"code":78927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78929,78930,78964,78974,78978],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78960,78962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78933,3657],{"class":79},[73,78935,84],{"class":83},[73,78937,528],{"class":105},[73,78939,384],{"class":87},[73,78941,78942],{"class":91},"zebra",[73,78944,384],{"class":87},[73,78946,149],{"class":105},[73,78948,88],{"class":87},[73,78950,57148],{"class":91},[73,78952,384],{"class":87},[73,78954,149],{"class":105},[73,78956,88],{"class":87},[73,78958,78959],{"class":91},"monkey",[73,78961,384],{"class":87},[73,78963,229],{"class":105},[73,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,78967,3701],{"class":79},[73,78969,817],{"class":105},[73,78971,579],{"class":114},[73,78973,8233],{"class":105},[73,78975,78976],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,78977,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,78981,102],{"class":101},[73,78983,106],{"class":105},[73,78985,3701],{"class":114},[73,78987,854],{"class":105},[20,78989,1660],{},[64,78991,78993],{"className":66,"code":78992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78994,78995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78996,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78998,138],{"class":105},[73,79000,141],{"class":87},[73,79002,57148],{"class":91},[73,79004,141],{"class":87},[73,79006,149],{"class":105},[73,79008,152],{"class":87},[73,79010,78959],{"class":91},[73,79012,141],{"class":87},[73,79014,149],{"class":105},[73,79016,152],{"class":87},[73,79018,78942],{"class":91},[73,79020,141],{"class":87},[73,79022,229],{"class":105},[20,79024,121,79025,79027],{},[15,79026,77967],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[292,79029,60091],{"id":60090},[20,79031,79032],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[64,79034,79036],{"className":66,"code":79035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79037,79038,79048,79062,79076,79090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79039,79040,79042,79044,79046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79041,102],{"class":101},[73,79043,106],{"class":105},[73,79045,7930],{"class":114},[73,79047,854],{"class":105},[73,79049,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,79051,102],{"class":101},[73,79053,106],{"class":105},[73,79055,1271],{"class":1270},[73,79057,106],{"class":105},[73,79059,7930],{"class":114},[73,79061,118],{"class":105},[73,79063,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,79065,102],{"class":101},[73,79067,106],{"class":105},[73,79069,7930],{"class":114},[73,79071,817],{"class":105},[73,79073,579],{"class":114},[73,79075,348],{"class":105},[73,79077,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,79079,102],{"class":101},[73,79081,106],{"class":105},[73,79083,73896],{"class":101},[73,79085,106],{"class":105},[73,79087,7930],{"class":114},[73,79089,118],{"class":105},[73,79091,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,79093,102],{"class":101},[73,79095,401],{"class":105},[73,79097,1271],{"class":1270},[73,79099,106],{"class":105},[73,79101,22910],{"class":114},[73,79103,3246],{"class":105},[73,79105,3463],{"class":646},[73,79107,5548],{"class":114},[73,79109,3469],{"class":646},[73,79111,7987],{"class":114},[73,79113,3475],{"class":105},[20,79115,10764],{},[30,79117,79118,79121,79124,79131,79137],{},[33,79119,79120],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79122,79123],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79125,79126,79127,1987,79129],{},"That ",[15,79128,63693],{},[15,79130,3364],{},[33,79132,79133,79134,79136],{},"Whether ",[15,79135,73806],{}," works better for your case",[33,79138,79139],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79141,79142,79143,79145],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79144,2594],{}," problems.",[59,79147,1405],{"id":1404},[292,79149,12300,79151,54848],{"id":79150},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79152,77249],{},[20,79154,61984,79155,817],{},[15,79156,3364],{},[292,79158,1419,79160,355,79162,1424],{"id":79159},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79161,63693],{},[15,79163,73806],{},[20,79165,79166,79168,79169,79171],{},[15,79167,63693],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79170,73806],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[292,79173,79175],{"id":79174},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79177,18293],{},[64,79179,79181],{"className":66,"code":79180,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79182,79183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79184,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79186,7930],{"class":79},[73,79188,817],{"class":105},[73,79190,579],{"class":114},[73,79192,106],{"class":105},[73,79194,72959],{"class":8767},[73,79196,84],{"class":83},[73,79198,3190],{"class":3438},[73,79200,854],{"class":105},[292,79202,79204],{"id":79203},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79206,18293],{},[64,79208,79210],{"className":66,"code":79209,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79211,79212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79215,7930],{"class":79},[73,79217,817],{"class":105},[73,79219,579],{"class":114},[73,79221,106],{"class":105},[73,79223,14439],{"class":8767},[73,79225,84],{"class":83},[73,79227,3031],{"class":1270},[73,79229,817],{"class":105},[73,79231,206],{"class":851},[73,79233,854],{"class":105},[20,79235,79236],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[292,79238,79240,79241,79243],{"id":79239},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79242,2594],{}," when sorting?",[20,79245,79246],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[59,79248,1461],{"id":1460},[30,79250,79251,79256,79262,79266],{},[33,79252,79253],{},[587,79254,79255],{"href":77758},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79257,79258],{},[587,79259,13,79260,5370],{"href":73903},[15,79261,73806],{},[33,79263,79264],{},[587,79265,66459],{"href":50357},[33,79267,79268],{},[587,79269,78508],{"href":78507},[1500,79271,79272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":79274},[79275,79276,79278,79279,79280,79281,79283,79285,79296,79306],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":77315,"depth":98,"text":79277},"What list.sort() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":77570,"depth":98,"text":77571},{"id":77762,"depth":98,"text":77763},{"id":78084,"depth":98,"text":79282},"Using the key argument",{"id":78349,"depth":98,"text":79284},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":79286},[79287,79289,79290,79292,79294,79295],{"id":78518,"depth":332,"text":79288},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78627,"depth":332,"text":78628},{"id":78679,"depth":332,"text":79291},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78833,"depth":332,"text":79293},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78920,"depth":332,"text":78921},{"id":60090,"depth":332,"text":60091},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":79297},[79298,79300,79302,79303,79304],{"id":79150,"depth":332,"text":79299},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79159,"depth":332,"text":79301},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79174,"depth":332,"text":79175},{"id":79203,"depth":332,"text":79204},{"id":79239,"depth":332,"text":79305},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77237,"description":79307},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79314,"title":79315,"body":79316,"description":81947,"extension":1552,"meta":81948,"navigation":335,"path":81949,"seo":81950,"stem":81951,"__hash__":81952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79317,"toc":81906},[79318,79323,79328,79331,79342,79345,79365,79367,79429,79431,79472,79481,79486,79491,79497,79508,79510,79529,79532,79537,79542,79544,79549,79563,79565,79583,79586,79603,79606,79612,79635,79640,79642,79645,79706,79708,79741,79743,79782,79790,79800,79806,79811,79904,79906,79930,79932,79950,79953,79984,79990,79995,79998,80000,80125,80127,80151,80153,80172,80178,80184,80303,80305,80322,80329,80335,80340,80347,80353,80355,80412,80415,80436,80439,80442,80503,80505,80538,80542,80612,80614,80631,80635,80638,80713,80715,80752,80755,80758,80829,80831,80892,80897,80902,80905,80919,80921,80994,80996,81016,81019,81022,81079,81141,81144,81176,81179,81194,81199,81201,81207,81210,81266,81269,81271,81290,81294,81296,81340,81349,81351,81411,81415,81418,81420,81513,81515,81630,81634,81636,81710,81713,81716,81718,81723,81788,81790,81814,81824,81826,81832,81841,81850,81859,81865,81868,81872,81875,81877,81903],[10,79319,13,79321,18],{"id":79320},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79322,39089],{},[20,79324,3168,79325,79327],{},[15,79326,39089],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79329,79330],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79332,79333,79336,79339],{},[33,79334,79335],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79337,79338],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79340,79341],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79343,79344],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79346,79347,79354,79360],{},[33,79348,79349,13651,79351,79353],{},[15,79350,39089],{},[55,79352,806],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79355,79356,79357],{},"it returns a ",[55,79358,79359],{},"map object",[33,79361,79362,79363],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79364,24380],{},[59,79366,62],{"id":61},[64,79368,79370],{"className":66,"code":79369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79371,79372,79396,79415],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79373,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79375,523],{"class":79},[73,79377,84],{"class":83},[73,79379,528],{"class":105},[73,79381,404],{"class":315},[73,79383,149],{"class":105},[73,79385,409],{"class":315},[73,79387,149],{"class":105},[73,79389,414],{"class":315},[73,79391,149],{"class":105},[73,79393,2047],{"class":315},[73,79395,229],{"class":105},[73,79397,79398,79400,79402,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,79399,1819],{"class":79},[73,79401,84],{"class":83},[73,79403,79404],{"class":101}," map",[73,79406,106],{"class":105},[73,79408,3031],{"class":1270},[73,79410,149],{"class":105},[73,79412,3851],{"class":114},[73,79414,854],{"class":105},[73,79416,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,79418,102],{"class":101},[73,79420,106],{"class":105},[73,79422,7684],{"class":1270},[73,79424,106],{"class":105},[73,79426,1854],{"class":114},[73,79428,118],{"class":105},[20,79430,1660],{},[64,79432,79434],{"className":66,"code":79433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79435,79436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79439,138],{"class":105},[73,79441,141],{"class":87},[73,79443,404],{"class":91},[73,79445,141],{"class":87},[73,79447,149],{"class":105},[73,79449,152],{"class":87},[73,79451,1646],{"class":91},[73,79453,141],{"class":87},[73,79455,149],{"class":105},[73,79457,152],{"class":87},[73,79459,1652],{"class":91},[73,79461,141],{"class":87},[73,79463,149],{"class":105},[73,79465,152],{"class":87},[73,79467,2095],{"class":91},[73,79469,141],{"class":87},[73,79471,229],{"class":105},[20,79473,121,79474,79477,79478,79480],{},[15,79475,79476],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79479,24380],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[59,79482,236,79484,239],{"id":79483},"what-map-does",[15,79485,39089],{},[20,79487,79488,79490],{},[15,79489,39089],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79492,79493,79494,79496],{},"An ",[55,79495,3306],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79498,79499,79501,79503,79505],{},[33,79500,37273],{},[33,79502,37276],{},[33,79504,37279],{},[33,79506,79507],{},"a range object",[20,79509,30323],{},[64,79511,79513],{"className":66,"code":79512,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79514,79515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79516,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79518,39232],{"class":101},[73,79520,106],{"class":105},[73,79522,37232],{"class":114},[73,79524,149],{"class":105},[73,79526,37237],{"class":114},[73,79528,854],{"class":105},[20,79530,79531],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79533,79534,79535,33339],{},"Important: the result is a ",[55,79536,79359],{},[20,79538,79539,79540,817],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[587,79541,4727],{"href":4726},[59,79543,285],{"id":284},[20,79545,79546,79548],{},[15,79547,39089],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79550,79551,79557],{},[33,79552,79553,79556],{},[55,79554,79555],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79558,79559,79562],{},[55,79560,79561],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79564,3291],{},[64,79566,79567],{"className":66,"code":79512,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,79568,79569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79570,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79572,39232],{"class":101},[73,79574,106],{"class":105},[73,79576,37232],{"class":114},[73,79578,149],{"class":105},[73,79580,37237],{"class":114},[73,79582,854],{"class":105},[20,79584,79585],{},"You can pass:",[30,79587,79588,79597,79600],{},[33,79589,79590,79591,995,79593,1782,79595],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79592,3031],{},[15,79594,1778],{},[15,79596,1606],{},[33,79598,79599],{},"your own custom function",[33,79601,79602],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79604,79605],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79607,79608,79609,79611],{},"You will often see ",[15,79610,39089],{}," used like this:",[64,79613,79615],{"className":66,"code":79614,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79616,79617],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79618,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79620,7684],{"class":1270},[73,79622,106],{"class":105},[73,79624,39232],{"class":101},[73,79626,106],{"class":105},[73,79628,37232],{"class":114},[73,79630,149],{"class":105},[73,79632,3472],{"class":114},[73,79634,118],{"class":105},[20,79636,6267,79637,79639],{},[15,79638,24380],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[59,79641,11069],{"id":11068},[20,79643,79644],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[64,79646,79648],{"className":66,"code":79647,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79649,79650,79670,79688,79692],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79651,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79653,523],{"class":79},[73,79655,84],{"class":83},[73,79657,528],{"class":105},[73,79659,1920],{"class":315},[73,79661,149],{"class":105},[73,79663,7380],{"class":315},[73,79665,149],{"class":105},[73,79667,7385],{"class":315},[73,79669,229],{"class":105},[73,79671,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,79673,1819],{"class":79},[73,79675,84],{"class":83},[73,79677,79404],{"class":101},[73,79679,106],{"class":105},[73,79681,3031],{"class":1270},[73,79683,149],{"class":105},[73,79685,3851],{"class":114},[73,79687,854],{"class":105},[73,79689,79690],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,79691,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,79693,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,79695,102],{"class":101},[73,79697,106],{"class":105},[73,79699,7684],{"class":1270},[73,79701,106],{"class":105},[73,79703,1854],{"class":114},[73,79705,118],{"class":105},[20,79707,1660],{},[64,79709,79711],{"className":66,"code":79710,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79712,79713],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79714,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79716,138],{"class":105},[73,79718,141],{"class":87},[73,79720,1920],{"class":91},[73,79722,141],{"class":87},[73,79724,149],{"class":105},[73,79726,152],{"class":87},[73,79728,15352],{"class":91},[73,79730,141],{"class":87},[73,79732,149],{"class":105},[73,79734,152],{"class":87},[73,79736,36212],{"class":91},[73,79738,141],{"class":87},[73,79740,229],{"class":105},[20,79742,11278],{},[30,79744,79745,79750,79758,79766,79774],{},[33,79746,79747,79749],{},[15,79748,553],{}," contains integers",[33,79751,79752,79755,79756],{},[15,79753,79754],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79757,47060],{},[33,79759,79760,41529,79763],{},[15,79761,79762],{},"str(10)",[15,79764,79765],{},"'10'",[33,79767,79768,41529,79771],{},[15,79769,79770],{},"str(20)",[15,79772,79773],{},"'20'",[33,79775,79776,41529,79779],{},[15,79777,79778],{},"str(30)",[15,79780,79781],{},"'30'",[20,79783,53032,79784,79786,79787,79789],{},[15,79785,39089],{}," applies ",[15,79788,47060],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79791,79792,79793,79795,79796,817],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79794,24380],{}," better, see ",[587,79797,13,79798,1470],{"href":64229},[15,79799,24380],{},[59,79801,438,79803,79805],{"id":79802},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79804,39089],{}," with your own function",[20,79807,863,79808,79810],{},[15,79809,39089],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[64,79812,79814],{"className":66,"code":79813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79815,79816,79829,79839,79843,79867,79886,79890],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79817,79818,79820,79823,79825,79827],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79819,634],{"class":633},[73,79821,79822],{"class":637}," double",[73,79824,106],{"class":105},[73,79826,354],{"class":37034},[73,79828,7933],{"class":105},[73,79830,79831,79833,79835,79837],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,79832,647],{"class":646},[73,79834,3466],{"class":79},[73,79836,39245],{"class":83},[73,79838,44965],{"class":315},[73,79840,79841],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,79842,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,79844,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,79846,523],{"class":79},[73,79848,84],{"class":83},[73,79850,528],{"class":105},[73,79852,404],{"class":315},[73,79854,149],{"class":105},[73,79856,409],{"class":315},[73,79858,149],{"class":105},[73,79860,414],{"class":315},[73,79862,149],{"class":105},[73,79864,2047],{"class":315},[73,79866,229],{"class":105},[73,79868,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79880,79882,79884],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,79870,1819],{"class":79},[73,79872,84],{"class":83},[73,79874,79404],{"class":101},[73,79876,106],{"class":105},[73,79878,79879],{"class":114},"double",[73,79881,149],{"class":105},[73,79883,3851],{"class":114},[73,79885,854],{"class":105},[73,79887,79888],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,79889,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,79891,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,79893,102],{"class":101},[73,79895,106],{"class":105},[73,79897,7684],{"class":1270},[73,79899,106],{"class":105},[73,79901,1854],{"class":114},[73,79903,118],{"class":105},[20,79905,1660],{},[64,79907,79908],{"className":66,"code":39258,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,79909,79910],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79911,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79913,138],{"class":105},[73,79915,1646],{"class":315},[73,79917,149],{"class":105},[73,79919,2047],{"class":315},[73,79921,149],{"class":105},[73,79923,37015],{"class":315},[73,79925,149],{"class":105},[73,79927,5948],{"class":315},[73,79929,229],{"class":105},[20,79931,64966],{},[30,79933,79934,79941,79947],{},[33,79935,79936,79938,79939],{},[15,79937,39089],{}," takes the function ",[15,79940,79879],{},[33,79942,79943,79944,79946],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79945,553],{}," into that function",[33,79948,79949],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79951,79952],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,79954,79955,79962,79969,79977],{},[33,79956,79957,5660,79960],{},[15,79958,79959],{},"double(1)",[15,79961,1646],{},[33,79963,79964,5660,79967],{},[15,79965,79966],{},"double(2)",[15,79968,2095],{},[33,79970,79971,5660,79974],{},[15,79972,79973],{},"double(3)",[15,79975,79976],{},"6",[33,79978,79979,5660,79982],{},[15,79980,79981],{},"double(4)",[15,79983,1935],{},[59,79985,438,79987,79989],{"id":79986},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79988,39089],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79991,79992,79994],{},[15,79993,39089],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79996,79997],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79999,714],{},[64,80001,80003],{"className":66,"code":80002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80004,80005,80022,80032,80036,80057,80078,80082,80107,80111],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80006,80007,80009,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80008,634],{"class":633},[73,80010,80011],{"class":637}," add_numbers",[73,80013,106],{"class":105},[73,80015,587],{"class":37034},[73,80017,149],{"class":105},[73,80019,2150],{"class":37034},[73,80021,7933],{"class":105},[73,80023,80024,80026,80028,80030],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80025,647],{"class":646},[73,80027,43920],{"class":79},[73,80029,1649],{"class":83},[73,80031,35552],{"class":79},[73,80033,80034],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80035,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80037,80038,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80039,80040],{"class":79},"list1 ",[73,80042,84],{"class":83},[73,80044,528],{"class":105},[73,80046,404],{"class":315},[73,80048,149],{"class":105},[73,80050,409],{"class":315},[73,80052,149],{"class":105},[73,80054,414],{"class":315},[73,80056,229],{"class":105},[73,80058,80059,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,80060,80061],{"class":79},"list2 ",[73,80063,84],{"class":83},[73,80065,528],{"class":105},[73,80067,1920],{"class":315},[73,80069,149],{"class":105},[73,80071,7380],{"class":315},[73,80073,149],{"class":105},[73,80075,7385],{"class":315},[73,80077,229],{"class":105},[73,80079,80080],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,80081,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80083,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092,80095,80097,80100,80102,80105],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,80085,1819],{"class":79},[73,80087,84],{"class":83},[73,80089,79404],{"class":101},[73,80091,106],{"class":105},[73,80093,80094],{"class":114},"add_numbers",[73,80096,149],{"class":105},[73,80098,80099],{"class":114}," list1",[73,80101,149],{"class":105},[73,80103,80104],{"class":114}," list2",[73,80106,854],{"class":105},[73,80108,80109],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,80110,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80112,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,80114,102],{"class":101},[73,80116,106],{"class":105},[73,80118,7684],{"class":1270},[73,80120,106],{"class":105},[73,80122,1854],{"class":114},[73,80124,118],{"class":105},[20,80126,1660],{},[64,80128,80130],{"className":66,"code":80129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80131,80132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80133,80134,80136,80139,80141,80144,80146,80149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80135,138],{"class":105},[73,80137,80138],{"class":315},"11",[73,80140,149],{"class":105},[73,80142,80143],{"class":315}," 22",[73,80145,149],{"class":105},[73,80147,80148],{"class":315}," 33",[73,80150,229],{"class":105},[20,80152,1768],{},[30,80154,80155,80161,80167],{},[33,80156,80157,80158],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80159,80160],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80162,80163,80164],{},"then ",[15,80165,80166],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80168,80163,80169],{},[15,80170,80171],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[292,80173,80175,80177],{"id":80174},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80176,39089],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80179,80180,80181,80183],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80182,39089],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[64,80185,80187],{"className":66,"code":80186,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80188,80189,80205,80215,80219,80243,80259,80263,80285,80289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80190,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201,80203],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80192,634],{"class":633},[73,80194,80011],{"class":637},[73,80196,106],{"class":105},[73,80198,587],{"class":37034},[73,80200,149],{"class":105},[73,80202,2150],{"class":37034},[73,80204,7933],{"class":105},[73,80206,80207,80209,80211,80213],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80208,647],{"class":646},[73,80210,43920],{"class":79},[73,80212,1649],{"class":83},[73,80214,35552],{"class":79},[73,80216,80217],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80218,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80220,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80222,80040],{"class":79},[73,80224,84],{"class":83},[73,80226,528],{"class":105},[73,80228,404],{"class":315},[73,80230,149],{"class":105},[73,80232,409],{"class":315},[73,80234,149],{"class":105},[73,80236,414],{"class":315},[73,80238,149],{"class":105},[73,80240,2047],{"class":315},[73,80242,229],{"class":105},[73,80244,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,80246,80061],{"class":79},[73,80248,84],{"class":83},[73,80250,528],{"class":105},[73,80252,1920],{"class":315},[73,80254,149],{"class":105},[73,80256,7380],{"class":315},[73,80258,229],{"class":105},[73,80260,80261],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,80262,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80264,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,80266,1819],{"class":79},[73,80268,84],{"class":83},[73,80270,79404],{"class":101},[73,80272,106],{"class":105},[73,80274,80094],{"class":114},[73,80276,149],{"class":105},[73,80278,80099],{"class":114},[73,80280,149],{"class":105},[73,80282,80104],{"class":114},[73,80284,854],{"class":105},[73,80286,80287],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,80288,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80290,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,80292,102],{"class":101},[73,80294,106],{"class":105},[73,80296,7684],{"class":1270},[73,80298,106],{"class":105},[73,80300,1854],{"class":114},[73,80302,118],{"class":105},[20,80304,1660],{},[64,80306,80308],{"className":66,"code":80307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80309,80310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80311,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80313,138],{"class":105},[73,80315,80138],{"class":315},[73,80317,149],{"class":105},[73,80319,80143],{"class":315},[73,80321,229],{"class":105},[20,80323,80324,80325,80328],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80326,80327],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[59,80330,80332,80334],{"id":80331},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80333,39089],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80336,37395,80337,80339],{},[15,80338,39089],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80341,80342,80343,80346],{},"This object is ",[55,80344,80345],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[292,80348,2079,80350,80352],{"id":80349},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80351,32624],{}," looks strange",[20,80354,33240],{},[64,80356,80358],{"className":66,"code":80357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80359,80360,80380,80398,80402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80361,80362,80364,80366,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80363,523],{"class":79},[73,80365,84],{"class":83},[73,80367,528],{"class":105},[73,80369,404],{"class":315},[73,80371,149],{"class":105},[73,80373,409],{"class":315},[73,80375,149],{"class":105},[73,80377,414],{"class":315},[73,80379,229],{"class":105},[73,80381,80382,80384,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80383,1819],{"class":79},[73,80385,84],{"class":83},[73,80387,79404],{"class":101},[73,80389,106],{"class":105},[73,80391,3031],{"class":1270},[73,80393,149],{"class":105},[73,80395,3851],{"class":114},[73,80397,854],{"class":105},[73,80399,80400],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80401,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80403,80404,80406,80408,80410],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80405,102],{"class":101},[73,80407,106],{"class":105},[73,80409,1854],{"class":114},[73,80411,854],{"class":105},[20,80413,80414],{},"Output will look something like this:",[64,80416,80418],{"className":66,"code":80417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80419,80420],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80421,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80423,2879],{"class":83},[73,80425,39232],{"class":101},[73,80427,24217],{"class":1270},[73,80429,36735],{"class":79},[73,80431,36739],{"class":36738},[73,80433,36742],{"class":198},[73,80435,2891],{"class":83},[20,80437,80438],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80440,80441],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[64,80443,80445],{"className":66,"code":80444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80446,80447,80467,80485,80489],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80448,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80450,523],{"class":79},[73,80452,84],{"class":83},[73,80454,528],{"class":105},[73,80456,404],{"class":315},[73,80458,149],{"class":105},[73,80460,409],{"class":315},[73,80462,149],{"class":105},[73,80464,414],{"class":315},[73,80466,229],{"class":105},[73,80468,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80470,1819],{"class":79},[73,80472,84],{"class":83},[73,80474,79404],{"class":101},[73,80476,106],{"class":105},[73,80478,3031],{"class":1270},[73,80480,149],{"class":105},[73,80482,3851],{"class":114},[73,80484,854],{"class":105},[73,80486,80487],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80488,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80492,102],{"class":101},[73,80494,106],{"class":105},[73,80496,7684],{"class":1270},[73,80498,106],{"class":105},[73,80500,1854],{"class":114},[73,80502,118],{"class":105},[20,80504,1660],{},[64,80506,80508],{"className":66,"code":80507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80509,80510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80511,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80513,138],{"class":105},[73,80515,141],{"class":87},[73,80517,404],{"class":91},[73,80519,141],{"class":87},[73,80521,149],{"class":105},[73,80523,152],{"class":87},[73,80525,1646],{"class":91},[73,80527,141],{"class":87},[73,80529,149],{"class":105},[73,80531,152],{"class":87},[73,80533,1652],{"class":91},[73,80535,141],{"class":87},[73,80537,229],{"class":105},[292,80539,80541],{"id":80540},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[64,80543,80545],{"className":66,"code":80544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80546,80547,80567,80585,80589,80602],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80548,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80550,523],{"class":79},[73,80552,84],{"class":83},[73,80554,528],{"class":105},[73,80556,404],{"class":315},[73,80558,149],{"class":105},[73,80560,409],{"class":315},[73,80562,149],{"class":105},[73,80564,414],{"class":315},[73,80566,229],{"class":105},[73,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80570,1819],{"class":79},[73,80572,84],{"class":83},[73,80574,79404],{"class":101},[73,80576,106],{"class":105},[73,80578,3031],{"class":1270},[73,80580,149],{"class":105},[73,80582,3851],{"class":114},[73,80584,854],{"class":105},[73,80586,80587],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80588,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80590,80591,80593,80595,80597,80600],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80592,5545],{"class":646},[73,80594,5548],{"class":79},[73,80596,3469],{"class":646},[73,80598,80599],{"class":79}," result",[73,80601,5982],{"class":105},[73,80603,80604,80606,80608,80610],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,80605,7659],{"class":101},[73,80607,106],{"class":105},[73,80609,22910],{"class":114},[73,80611,854],{"class":105},[20,80613,1660],{},[64,80615,80617],{"className":66,"code":80616,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80618,80619,80623,80627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80620,80621],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80622,46293],{"class":315},[73,80624,80625],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80626,16655],{"class":315},[73,80628,80629],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80630,45993],{"class":315},[292,80632,80634],{"id":80633},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80636,80637],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[64,80639,80641],{"className":66,"code":80640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80642,80643,80663,80681,80685,80699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80644,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80646,523],{"class":79},[73,80648,84],{"class":83},[73,80650,528],{"class":105},[73,80652,404],{"class":315},[73,80654,149],{"class":105},[73,80656,409],{"class":315},[73,80658,149],{"class":105},[73,80660,414],{"class":315},[73,80662,229],{"class":105},[73,80664,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80666,1819],{"class":79},[73,80668,84],{"class":83},[73,80670,79404],{"class":101},[73,80672,106],{"class":105},[73,80674,3031],{"class":1270},[73,80676,149],{"class":105},[73,80678,3851],{"class":114},[73,80680,854],{"class":105},[73,80682,80683],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80684,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80688,102],{"class":101},[73,80690,106],{"class":105},[73,80692,7684],{"class":1270},[73,80694,106],{"class":105},[73,80696,1854],{"class":114},[73,80698,118],{"class":105},[73,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,80702,102],{"class":101},[73,80704,106],{"class":105},[73,80706,7684],{"class":1270},[73,80708,106],{"class":105},[73,80710,1854],{"class":114},[73,80712,118],{"class":105},[20,80714,1660],{},[64,80716,80718],{"className":66,"code":80717,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80719,80720,80748],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80721,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80723,138],{"class":105},[73,80725,141],{"class":87},[73,80727,404],{"class":91},[73,80729,141],{"class":87},[73,80731,149],{"class":105},[73,80733,152],{"class":87},[73,80735,1646],{"class":91},[73,80737,141],{"class":87},[73,80739,149],{"class":105},[73,80741,152],{"class":87},[73,80743,1652],{"class":91},[73,80745,141],{"class":87},[73,80747,229],{"class":105},[73,80749,80750],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80751,37669],{"class":105},[20,80753,80754],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80756,80757],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[64,80759,80761],{"className":66,"code":80760,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80762,80763,80783,80805,80809,80819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80764,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80766,523],{"class":79},[73,80768,84],{"class":83},[73,80770,528],{"class":105},[73,80772,404],{"class":315},[73,80774,149],{"class":105},[73,80776,409],{"class":315},[73,80778,149],{"class":105},[73,80780,414],{"class":315},[73,80782,229],{"class":105},[73,80784,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80786,1819],{"class":79},[73,80788,84],{"class":83},[73,80790,22159],{"class":1270},[73,80792,106],{"class":105},[73,80794,39232],{"class":101},[73,80796,106],{"class":105},[73,80798,3031],{"class":1270},[73,80800,149],{"class":105},[73,80802,3851],{"class":114},[73,80804,118],{"class":105},[73,80806,80807],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80808,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80810,80811,80813,80815,80817],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80812,102],{"class":101},[73,80814,106],{"class":105},[73,80816,1854],{"class":114},[73,80818,854],{"class":105},[73,80820,80821,80823,80825,80827],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,80822,102],{"class":101},[73,80824,106],{"class":105},[73,80826,1854],{"class":114},[73,80828,854],{"class":105},[20,80830,1660],{},[64,80832,80834],{"className":66,"code":80833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80835,80836,80864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80837,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80839,138],{"class":105},[73,80841,141],{"class":87},[73,80843,404],{"class":91},[73,80845,141],{"class":87},[73,80847,149],{"class":105},[73,80849,152],{"class":87},[73,80851,1646],{"class":91},[73,80853,141],{"class":87},[73,80855,149],{"class":105},[73,80857,152],{"class":87},[73,80859,1652],{"class":91},[73,80861,141],{"class":87},[73,80863,229],{"class":105},[73,80865,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80867,138],{"class":105},[73,80869,141],{"class":87},[73,80871,404],{"class":91},[73,80873,141],{"class":87},[73,80875,149],{"class":105},[73,80877,152],{"class":87},[73,80879,1646],{"class":91},[73,80881,141],{"class":87},[73,80883,149],{"class":105},[73,80885,152],{"class":87},[73,80887,1652],{"class":91},[73,80889,141],{"class":87},[73,80891,229],{"class":105},[59,80893,4551,80895],{"id":80894},"when-to-use-map",[15,80896,39089],{},[20,80898,80899,80901],{},[15,80900,39089],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80903,80904],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,80906,80907,80911,80915],{},[33,80908,80909],{},[15,80910,3031],{},[33,80912,80913],{},[15,80914,1778],{},[33,80916,80917],{},[15,80918,1606],{},[20,80920,714],{},[64,80922,80924],{"className":66,"code":80923,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80925,80926,80958,80980,80984],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80927,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80929,3409],{"class":79},[73,80931,84],{"class":83},[73,80933,528],{"class":105},[73,80935,141],{"class":87},[73,80937,404],{"class":91},[73,80939,141],{"class":87},[73,80941,149],{"class":105},[73,80943,152],{"class":87},[73,80945,1646],{"class":91},[73,80947,141],{"class":87},[73,80949,149],{"class":105},[73,80951,152],{"class":87},[73,80953,1652],{"class":91},[73,80955,141],{"class":87},[73,80957,229],{"class":105},[73,80959,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,80961,523],{"class":79},[73,80963,84],{"class":83},[73,80965,22159],{"class":1270},[73,80967,106],{"class":105},[73,80969,39232],{"class":101},[73,80971,106],{"class":105},[73,80973,1778],{"class":1270},[73,80975,149],{"class":105},[73,80977,3472],{"class":114},[73,80979,118],{"class":105},[73,80981,80982],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,80983,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,80985,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,80987,102],{"class":101},[73,80989,106],{"class":105},[73,80991,553],{"class":114},[73,80993,854],{"class":105},[20,80995,1660],{},[64,80997,80998],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,80999,81000],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81001,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81003,138],{"class":105},[73,81005,404],{"class":315},[73,81007,149],{"class":105},[73,81009,409],{"class":315},[73,81011,149],{"class":105},[73,81013,414],{"class":315},[73,81015,229],{"class":105},[20,81017,81018],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81020,81021],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[64,81023,81025],{"className":66,"code":81024,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81026,81027,81047,81069],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81030,523],{"class":79},[73,81032,84],{"class":83},[73,81034,528],{"class":105},[73,81036,404],{"class":315},[73,81038,149],{"class":105},[73,81040,409],{"class":315},[73,81042,149],{"class":105},[73,81044,414],{"class":315},[73,81046,229],{"class":105},[73,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81050,1819],{"class":79},[73,81052,84],{"class":83},[73,81054,22159],{"class":1270},[73,81056,106],{"class":105},[73,81058,39232],{"class":101},[73,81060,106],{"class":105},[73,81062,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81064,149],{"class":105},[73,81066,3851],{"class":114},[73,81068,118],{"class":105},[73,81070,81071,81073,81075,81077],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81072,102],{"class":101},[73,81074,106],{"class":105},[73,81076,1854],{"class":114},[73,81078,854],{"class":105},[64,81080,81082],{"className":66,"code":81081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81083,81084,81104,81131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81085,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81087,523],{"class":79},[73,81089,84],{"class":83},[73,81091,528],{"class":105},[73,81093,404],{"class":315},[73,81095,149],{"class":105},[73,81097,409],{"class":315},[73,81099,149],{"class":105},[73,81101,414],{"class":315},[73,81103,229],{"class":105},[73,81105,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81125,81127,81129],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81107,1819],{"class":79},[73,81109,84],{"class":83},[73,81111,528],{"class":105},[73,81113,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81115,106],{"class":105},[73,81117,75412],{"class":114},[73,81119,3246],{"class":105},[73,81121,3463],{"class":646},[73,81123,81124],{"class":79}," n ",[73,81126,3469],{"class":646},[73,81128,3851],{"class":79},[73,81130,229],{"class":105},[73,81132,81133,81135,81137,81139],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81134,102],{"class":101},[73,81136,106],{"class":105},[73,81138,1854],{"class":114},[73,81140,854],{"class":105},[20,81142,81143],{},"Both produce:",[64,81145,81146],{"className":66,"code":80507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,81147,81148],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81149,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81151,138],{"class":105},[73,81153,141],{"class":87},[73,81155,404],{"class":91},[73,81157,141],{"class":87},[73,81159,149],{"class":105},[73,81161,152],{"class":87},[73,81163,1646],{"class":91},[73,81165,141],{"class":87},[73,81167,149],{"class":105},[73,81169,152],{"class":87},[73,81171,1652],{"class":91},[73,81173,141],{"class":87},[73,81175,229],{"class":105},[20,81177,81178],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81180,81181,81186,81191],{},[33,81182,39363,81183,81185],{},[15,81184,39089],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81187,39369,81188,81190],{},[15,81189,5545],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81192,81193],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81195,81196,81197,817],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[587,81198,3981],{"href":3980},[59,81200,4107],{"id":4106},[292,81202,81204,81205],{"id":81203},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81206,24380],{},[20,81208,81209],{},"This is very common:",[64,81211,81212],{"className":66,"code":80357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,81213,81214,81234,81252,81256],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81215,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81217,523],{"class":79},[73,81219,84],{"class":83},[73,81221,528],{"class":105},[73,81223,404],{"class":315},[73,81225,149],{"class":105},[73,81227,409],{"class":315},[73,81229,149],{"class":105},[73,81231,414],{"class":315},[73,81233,229],{"class":105},[73,81235,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81237,1819],{"class":79},[73,81239,84],{"class":83},[73,81241,79404],{"class":101},[73,81243,106],{"class":105},[73,81245,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81247,149],{"class":105},[73,81249,3851],{"class":114},[73,81251,854],{"class":105},[73,81253,81254],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81255,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81257,81258,81260,81262,81264],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81259,102],{"class":101},[73,81261,106],{"class":105},[73,81263,1854],{"class":114},[73,81265,854],{"class":105},[20,81267,81268],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81270,38634],{},[64,81272,81274],{"className":66,"code":81273,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81275,81276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81277,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81279,102],{"class":101},[73,81281,106],{"class":105},[73,81283,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81285,106],{"class":105},[73,81287,1854],{"class":114},[73,81289,118],{"class":105},[292,81291,81293],{"id":81292},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81295,16242],{},[64,81297,81299],{"className":66,"code":81298,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81300,81301,81321],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81302,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81304,523],{"class":79},[73,81306,84],{"class":83},[73,81308,528],{"class":105},[73,81310,404],{"class":315},[73,81312,149],{"class":105},[73,81314,409],{"class":315},[73,81316,149],{"class":105},[73,81318,414],{"class":315},[73,81320,229],{"class":105},[73,81322,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81336,81338],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81324,1819],{"class":79},[73,81326,84],{"class":83},[73,81328,79404],{"class":101},[73,81330,106],{"class":105},[73,81332,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81334,81335],{"class":105},"(),",[73,81337,3851],{"class":114},[73,81339,854],{"class":105},[20,81341,81342,81343,81345,81346,81348],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81344,47060],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81347,39089],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81350,16254],{},[64,81352,81353],{"className":66,"code":80444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,81354,81355,81375,81393,81397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81356,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81358,523],{"class":79},[73,81360,84],{"class":83},[73,81362,528],{"class":105},[73,81364,404],{"class":315},[73,81366,149],{"class":105},[73,81368,409],{"class":315},[73,81370,149],{"class":105},[73,81372,414],{"class":315},[73,81374,229],{"class":105},[73,81376,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81378,1819],{"class":79},[73,81380,84],{"class":83},[73,81382,79404],{"class":101},[73,81384,106],{"class":105},[73,81386,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81388,149],{"class":105},[73,81390,3851],{"class":114},[73,81392,854],{"class":105},[73,81394,81395],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81396,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81398,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81400,102],{"class":101},[73,81402,106],{"class":105},[73,81404,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81406,106],{"class":105},[73,81408,1854],{"class":114},[73,81410,118],{"class":105},[292,81412,81414],{"id":81413},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81416,81417],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81419,16242],{},[64,81421,81423],{"className":66,"code":81422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81424,81425,81442,81452,81456,81476,81495,81499],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81426,81427,81429,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81428,634],{"class":633},[73,81430,81431],{"class":637}," add",[73,81433,106],{"class":105},[73,81435,587],{"class":37034},[73,81437,149],{"class":105},[73,81439,2150],{"class":37034},[73,81441,7933],{"class":105},[73,81443,81444,81446,81448,81450],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81445,647],{"class":646},[73,81447,43920],{"class":79},[73,81449,1649],{"class":83},[73,81451,35552],{"class":79},[73,81453,81454],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81455,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81457,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81459,523],{"class":79},[73,81461,84],{"class":83},[73,81463,528],{"class":105},[73,81465,404],{"class":315},[73,81467,149],{"class":105},[73,81469,409],{"class":315},[73,81471,149],{"class":105},[73,81473,414],{"class":315},[73,81475,229],{"class":105},[73,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81489,81491,81493],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,81479,1819],{"class":79},[73,81481,84],{"class":83},[73,81483,79404],{"class":101},[73,81485,106],{"class":105},[73,81487,81488],{"class":114},"add",[73,81490,149],{"class":105},[73,81492,3851],{"class":114},[73,81494,854],{"class":105},[73,81496,81497],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,81498,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81500,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,81502,102],{"class":101},[73,81504,106],{"class":105},[73,81506,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81508,106],{"class":105},[73,81510,1854],{"class":114},[73,81512,118],{"class":105},[20,81514,16254],{},[64,81516,81518],{"className":66,"code":81517,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81519,81520,81536,81546,81550,81570,81590,81612,81616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81521,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81523,634],{"class":633},[73,81525,81431],{"class":637},[73,81527,106],{"class":105},[73,81529,587],{"class":37034},[73,81531,149],{"class":105},[73,81533,2150],{"class":37034},[73,81535,7933],{"class":105},[73,81537,81538,81540,81542,81544],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81539,647],{"class":646},[73,81541,43920],{"class":79},[73,81543,1649],{"class":83},[73,81545,35552],{"class":79},[73,81547,81548],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81549,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81551,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81553,80040],{"class":79},[73,81555,84],{"class":83},[73,81557,528],{"class":105},[73,81559,404],{"class":315},[73,81561,149],{"class":105},[73,81563,409],{"class":315},[73,81565,149],{"class":105},[73,81567,414],{"class":315},[73,81569,229],{"class":105},[73,81571,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,81573,80061],{"class":79},[73,81575,84],{"class":83},[73,81577,528],{"class":105},[73,81579,1920],{"class":315},[73,81581,149],{"class":105},[73,81583,7380],{"class":315},[73,81585,149],{"class":105},[73,81587,7385],{"class":315},[73,81589,229],{"class":105},[73,81591,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,81593,1819],{"class":79},[73,81595,84],{"class":83},[73,81597,79404],{"class":101},[73,81599,106],{"class":105},[73,81601,81488],{"class":114},[73,81603,149],{"class":105},[73,81605,80099],{"class":114},[73,81607,149],{"class":105},[73,81609,80104],{"class":114},[73,81611,854],{"class":105},[73,81613,81614],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,81615,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81617,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,81619,102],{"class":101},[73,81621,106],{"class":105},[73,81623,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81625,106],{"class":105},[73,81627,1854],{"class":114},[73,81629,118],{"class":105},[292,81631,81633],{"id":81632},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81635,16242],{},[64,81637,81638],{"className":66,"code":80640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,81639,81640,81660,81678,81682,81696],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81643,523],{"class":79},[73,81645,84],{"class":83},[73,81647,528],{"class":105},[73,81649,404],{"class":315},[73,81651,149],{"class":105},[73,81653,409],{"class":315},[73,81655,149],{"class":105},[73,81657,414],{"class":315},[73,81659,229],{"class":105},[73,81661,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81663,1819],{"class":79},[73,81665,84],{"class":83},[73,81667,79404],{"class":101},[73,81669,106],{"class":105},[73,81671,3031],{"class":1270},[73,81673,149],{"class":105},[73,81675,3851],{"class":114},[73,81677,854],{"class":105},[73,81679,81680],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81681,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,81683,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81685,102],{"class":101},[73,81687,106],{"class":105},[73,81689,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81691,106],{"class":105},[73,81693,1854],{"class":114},[73,81695,118],{"class":105},[73,81697,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,81699,102],{"class":101},[73,81701,106],{"class":105},[73,81703,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81705,106],{"class":105},[73,81707,1854],{"class":114},[73,81709,118],{"class":105},[20,81711,81712],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81714,81715],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[59,81717,67277],{"id":67276},[20,81719,8466,81720,81722],{},[15,81721,39089],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,81724,81726],{"className":66,"code":81725,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81727,81728,81738,81752,81766,81778],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81729,81730,81732,81734,81736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81731,102],{"class":101},[73,81733,106],{"class":105},[73,81735,1854],{"class":114},[73,81737,854],{"class":105},[73,81739,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,81741,102],{"class":101},[73,81743,106],{"class":105},[73,81745,7684],{"class":1270},[73,81747,106],{"class":105},[73,81749,1854],{"class":114},[73,81751,118],{"class":105},[73,81753,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,81755,102],{"class":101},[73,81757,106],{"class":105},[73,81759,1271],{"class":1270},[73,81761,106],{"class":105},[73,81763,1854],{"class":114},[73,81765,118],{"class":105},[73,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,81769,5545],{"class":646},[73,81771,5548],{"class":79},[73,81773,3469],{"class":646},[73,81775,80599],{"class":79},[73,81777,5982],{"class":105},[73,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,81781,7659],{"class":101},[73,81783,106],{"class":105},[73,81785,22910],{"class":114},[73,81787,854],{"class":105},[20,81789,12268],{},[30,81791,81792,81797,81802,81808],{},[33,81793,81794,81796],{},[15,81795,32624],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,81798,81799,81801],{},[15,81800,32632],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,81803,81804,81807],{},[15,81805,81806],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,81809,81810,81811,81813],{},"looping over ",[15,81812,1854],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81815,81816,81817,81820,81821,81823],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81818,81819],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81822,5545],{}," loop consume the map object.",[59,81825,1405],{"id":1404},[292,81827,12300,81829,81831],{"id":81828},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81830,39089],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81833,81834,81835,81837,81838,23538],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81836,39089],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81839,81840],{},"list(map(...))",[292,81842,14501,81844,81846,81847,81849],{"id":81843},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81845,39089],{}," better than a ",[15,81848,5545],{}," loop?",[20,81851,81852,81853,81855,81856,81858],{},"Not always. ",[15,81854,39089],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81857,5545],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[292,81860,1446,81862,81864],{"id":81861},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81863,39089],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81866,81867],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[292,81869,81871],{"id":81870},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81873,81874],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[59,81876,1461],{"id":1460},[30,81878,81879,81885,81891,81895,81899],{},[33,81880,81881],{},[587,81882,13,81883,1470],{"href":39458},[15,81884,36947],{},[33,81886,81887],{},[587,81888,13,81889,1470],{"href":64229},[15,81890,24380],{},[33,81892,81893],{},[587,81894,4809],{"href":4722},[33,81896,81897],{},[587,81898,4814],{"href":3980},[33,81900,81901],{},[587,81902,4804],{"href":4726},[1500,81904,81905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":81907},[81908,81909,81911,81912,81913,81915,81920,81927,81929,81936,81937,81946],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":79483,"depth":98,"text":81910},"What map() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":79802,"depth":98,"text":81914},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79986,"depth":98,"text":81916,"children":81917},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81918],{"id":80174,"depth":332,"text":81919},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80331,"depth":98,"text":81921,"children":81922},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81923,81925,81926],{"id":80349,"depth":332,"text":81924},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80540,"depth":332,"text":80541},{"id":80633,"depth":332,"text":80634},{"id":80894,"depth":98,"text":81928},"When to use map()",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":81930},[81931,81933,81934,81935],{"id":81203,"depth":332,"text":81932},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81292,"depth":332,"text":81293},{"id":81413,"depth":332,"text":81414},{"id":81632,"depth":332,"text":81633},{"id":67276,"depth":98,"text":67277},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":81938},[81939,81941,81943,81945],{"id":81828,"depth":332,"text":81940},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81843,"depth":332,"text":81942},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81861,"depth":332,"text":81944},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81870,"depth":332,"text":81871},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79315,"description":81947},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81954,"title":81955,"body":81956,"description":83976,"extension":1552,"meta":83977,"navigation":335,"path":83978,"seo":83979,"stem":83980,"__hash__":83981},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81957,"toc":83934},[81958,81964,81969,81972,81980,81983,81985,82109,82111,82129,82131,82151,82156,82160,82174,82177,82180,82182,82187,82299,82302,82320,82326,82329,82391,82393,82402,82405,82419,82421,82469,82471,82480,82490,82496,82499,82526,82528,82536,82539,82542,82612,82614,82622,82625,82630,82635,82686,82688,82696,82699,82701,82718,82720,82772,82775,82781,82785,82790,82793,82797,82856,82858,82867,82873,82882,82886,82949,82951,82959,82964,82968,82973,83053,83055,83064,83071,83076,83081,83084,83119,83121,83129,83132,83138,83140,83190,83192,83201,83204,83222,83224,83229,83235,83242,83269,83271,83294,83299,83334,83339,83345,83350,83393,83396,83399,83438,83445,83451,83456,83471,83475,83482,83485,83489,83494,83498,83503,83505,83566,83568,83597,83602,83609,83618,83620,83623,83648,83650,83753,83756,83774,83783,83785,83790,83793,83799,83802,83804,83814,83820,83824,83882,83889,83897,83899,83931],[10,81959,13,81961,18],{"id":81960},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81962,81963],{},"max()",[20,81965,8714,81966,81968],{},[15,81967,81963],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81970,81971],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,81973,81974,81977],{},[33,81975,81976],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,81978,81979],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81981,81982],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[59,81984,62],{"id":61},[64,81986,81988],{"className":66,"code":81987,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81989,81990,82014,82029,82033,82059,82063,82095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81991,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81993,523],{"class":79},[73,81995,84],{"class":83},[73,81997,528],{"class":105},[73,81999,1652],{"class":315},[73,82001,149],{"class":105},[73,82003,5948],{"class":315},[73,82005,149],{"class":105},[73,82007,409],{"class":315},[73,82009,149],{"class":105},[73,82011,4194],{"class":315},[73,82013,229],{"class":105},[73,82015,82016,82018,82020,82023,82025,82027],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82017,102],{"class":101},[73,82019,106],{"class":105},[73,82021,82022],{"class":101},"max",[73,82024,106],{"class":105},[73,82026,553],{"class":114},[73,82028,118],{"class":105},[73,82030,82031],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,82032,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,82036,102],{"class":101},[73,82038,106],{"class":105},[73,82040,82022],{"class":101},[73,82042,106],{"class":105},[73,82044,1652],{"class":315},[73,82046,149],{"class":105},[73,82048,5948],{"class":315},[73,82050,149],{"class":105},[73,82052,409],{"class":315},[73,82054,149],{"class":105},[73,82056,4194],{"class":315},[73,82058,118],{"class":105},[73,82060,82061],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,82062,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,82064,82065,82067,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,82066,3657],{"class":79},[73,82068,84],{"class":83},[73,82070,528],{"class":105},[73,82072,384],{"class":87},[73,82074,3666],{"class":91},[73,82076,384],{"class":87},[73,82078,149],{"class":105},[73,82080,88],{"class":87},[73,82082,3675],{"class":91},[73,82084,384],{"class":87},[73,82086,149],{"class":105},[73,82088,88],{"class":87},[73,82090,78126],{"class":91},[73,82092,384],{"class":87},[73,82094,229],{"class":105},[73,82096,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,82098,102],{"class":101},[73,82100,106],{"class":105},[73,82102,82022],{"class":101},[73,82104,106],{"class":105},[73,82106,3701],{"class":114},[73,82108,118],{"class":105},[20,82110,1660],{},[64,82112,82114],{"className":66,"code":82113,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82115,82116,82120,82124],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82117,82118],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82119,1971],{"class":315},[73,82121,82122],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82123,1971],{"class":315},[73,82125,82126],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,82127,82128],{"class":79},"pear\n",[20,82130,19556],{},[30,82132,82133,82139,82145],{},[33,82134,82135,82138],{},[15,82136,82137],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82140,82141,82144],{},[15,82142,82143],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82146,82147,82150],{},[15,82148,82149],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[59,82152,236,82154,239],{"id":82153},"what-max-does",[15,82155,81963],{},[20,82157,82158,2475],{},[15,82159,81963],{},[30,82161,82162,82165,82168,82171],{},[33,82163,82164],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82166,82167],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82169,82170],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82172,82173],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82175,82176],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82178,82179],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[59,82181,285],{"id":284},[20,82183,82184,82185,2475],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82186,81963],{},[64,82188,82190],{"className":66,"code":82189,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82191,82192,82202,82226,82248,82271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82193,82194,82196,82198,82200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82195,82022],{"class":101},[73,82197,106],{"class":105},[73,82199,3306],{"class":114},[73,82201,854],{"class":105},[73,82203,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82215,82217,82219,82221,82224],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82205,82022],{"class":101},[73,82207,106],{"class":105},[73,82209,3306],{"class":114},[73,82211,149],{"class":105},[73,82213,82214],{"class":83}," *",[73,82216,149],{"class":105},[73,82218,21179],{"class":8767},[73,82220,84],{"class":83},[73,82222,82223],{"class":114},"func",[73,82225,854],{"class":105},[73,82227,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,82229,82022],{"class":101},[73,82231,106],{"class":105},[73,82233,3306],{"class":114},[73,82235,149],{"class":105},[73,82237,82214],{"class":83},[73,82239,149],{"class":105},[73,82241,26119],{"class":8767},[73,82243,84],{"class":83},[73,82245,2063],{"class":114},[73,82247,854],{"class":105},[73,82249,82250,82252,82254,82257,82259,82262,82264,82266,82269],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,82251,82022],{"class":101},[73,82253,106],{"class":105},[73,82255,82256],{"class":114},"arg1",[73,82258,149],{"class":105},[73,82260,82261],{"class":114}," arg2",[73,82263,149],{"class":105},[73,82265,82214],{"class":83},[73,82267,82268],{"class":114},"args",[73,82270,854],{"class":105},[73,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,82274,82022],{"class":101},[73,82276,106],{"class":105},[73,82278,82256],{"class":114},[73,82280,149],{"class":105},[73,82282,82261],{"class":114},[73,82284,149],{"class":105},[73,82286,82214],{"class":83},[73,82288,82268],{"class":114},[73,82290,149],{"class":105},[73,82292,21179],{"class":8767},[73,82294,84],{"class":83},[73,82296,82223],{"class":114},[73,82298,854],{"class":105},[20,82300,82301],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82303,82304,82309,82314],{},[33,82305,82306,82308],{},[15,82307,3306],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82310,82311,82313],{},[15,82312,14439],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82315,82316,82319],{},[15,82317,82318],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[59,82321,438,82323,82325],{"id":82322},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82324,81963],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82327,82328],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[64,82330,82332],{"className":66,"code":82331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82333,82334,82360,82376,82380],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82335,82336,82338,82340,82342,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82337,4654],{"class":79},[73,82339,84],{"class":83},[73,82341,528],{"class":105},[73,82343,82344],{"class":315},"72",[73,82346,149],{"class":105},[73,82348,50888],{"class":315},[73,82350,149],{"class":105},[73,82352,13105],{"class":315},[73,82354,149],{"class":105},[73,82356,82357],{"class":315}," 66",[73,82359,229],{"class":105},[73,82361,82362,82365,82367,82370,82372,82374],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82363,82364],{"class":79},"highest_score ",[73,82366,84],{"class":83},[73,82368,82369],{"class":101}," max",[73,82371,106],{"class":105},[73,82373,15987],{"class":114},[73,82375,854],{"class":105},[73,82377,82378],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,82379,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,82381,82382,82384,82386,82389],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,82383,102],{"class":101},[73,82385,106],{"class":105},[73,82387,82388],{"class":114},"highest_score",[73,82390,854],{"class":105},[20,82392,1660],{},[64,82394,82396],{"className":66,"code":82395,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"91\n",[15,82397,82398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82399,82400],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82401,82395],{"class":315},[20,82403,82404],{},"This works well for:",[30,82406,82407,82410,82413,82416],{},[33,82408,82409],{},"Scores",[33,82411,82412],{},"Prices",[33,82414,82415],{},"Ages",[33,82417,82418],{},"Counts",[20,82420,51458],{},[64,82422,82424],{"className":66,"code":82423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82425,82426,82454],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82427,82428,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82442,82444,82447,82449,82452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82429,82430],{"class":79},"prices ",[73,82432,84],{"class":83},[73,82434,528],{"class":105},[73,82436,39771],{"class":315},[73,82438,149],{"class":105},[73,82440,82441],{"class":315}," 5.50",[73,82443,149],{"class":105},[73,82445,82446],{"class":315}," 12.75",[73,82448,149],{"class":105},[73,82450,82451],{"class":315}," 29.00",[73,82453,229],{"class":105},[73,82455,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464,82467],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82457,102],{"class":101},[73,82459,106],{"class":105},[73,82461,82022],{"class":101},[73,82463,106],{"class":105},[73,82465,82466],{"class":114},"prices",[73,82468,118],{"class":105},[20,82470,1660],{},[64,82472,82474],{"className":66,"code":82473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"29.0\n",[15,82475,82476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82477,82478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82479,82473],{"class":315},[20,82481,82482,82483,82485,82486,817],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82484,81963],{}," is simpler than ",[587,82487,82488],{"href":73903},[15,82489,73806],{},[59,82491,438,82493,82495],{"id":82492},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82494,81963],{}," with separate values",[20,82497,82498],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[64,82500,82502],{"className":66,"code":82501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82503,82504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518,82520,82522,82524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82507,102],{"class":101},[73,82509,106],{"class":105},[73,82511,82022],{"class":101},[73,82513,106],{"class":105},[73,82515,2095],{"class":315},[73,82517,149],{"class":105},[73,82519,30541],{"class":315},[73,82521,149],{"class":105},[73,82523,5581],{"class":315},[73,82525,118],{"class":105},[20,82527,1660],{},[64,82529,82530],{"className":66,"code":1814,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82531,82532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82533,82534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82535,1814],{"class":315},[20,82537,82538],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82540,82541],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[64,82543,82545],{"className":66,"code":82544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82546,82547,82556,82564,82574,82578,82601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82548,82549,82551,82553],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82550,2145],{"class":79},[73,82552,84],{"class":83},[73,82554,82555],{"class":315}," 15\n",[73,82557,82558,82560,82562],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82559,2173],{"class":79},[73,82561,84],{"class":83},[73,82563,2359],{"class":315},[73,82565,82566,82569,82571],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,82567,82568],{"class":79},"c ",[73,82570,84],{"class":83},[73,82572,82573],{"class":315}," 27\n",[73,82575,82576],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,82577,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,82579,82580,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,82581,82582],{"class":79},"largest ",[73,82584,84],{"class":83},[73,82586,82369],{"class":101},[73,82588,106],{"class":105},[73,82590,587],{"class":114},[73,82592,149],{"class":105},[73,82594,2150],{"class":114},[73,82596,149],{"class":105},[73,82598,9274],{"class":114},[73,82600,854],{"class":105},[73,82602,82603,82605,82607,82610],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,82604,102],{"class":101},[73,82606,106],{"class":105},[73,82608,82609],{"class":114},"largest",[73,82611,854],{"class":105},[20,82613,1660],{},[64,82615,82616],{"className":66,"code":45988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82617,82618],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82619,82620],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82621,45988],{"class":315},[20,82623,82624],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[59,82626,438,82628,46435],{"id":82627},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82629,81963],{},[20,82631,82632,82634],{},[15,82633,81963],{}," can compare strings too.",[64,82636,82638],{"className":66,"code":82637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82639,82640,82672],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82641,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82643,3657],{"class":79},[73,82645,84],{"class":83},[73,82647,528],{"class":105},[73,82649,384],{"class":87},[73,82651,3666],{"class":91},[73,82653,384],{"class":87},[73,82655,149],{"class":105},[73,82657,88],{"class":87},[73,82659,3675],{"class":91},[73,82661,384],{"class":87},[73,82663,149],{"class":105},[73,82665,88],{"class":87},[73,82667,78126],{"class":91},[73,82669,384],{"class":87},[73,82671,229],{"class":105},[73,82673,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82675,102],{"class":101},[73,82677,106],{"class":105},[73,82679,82022],{"class":101},[73,82681,106],{"class":105},[73,82683,3701],{"class":114},[73,82685,118],{"class":105},[20,82687,1660],{},[64,82689,82690],{"className":66,"code":82128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82691,82692],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82693,82694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82695,82128],{"class":79},[20,82697,82698],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82700,67665],{},[30,82702,82703,82712,82715],{},[33,82704,82705,82708,82709,82711],{},[15,82706,82707],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82710,64656],{}," alphabetically",[33,82713,82714],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,82716,82717],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82719,714],{},[64,82721,82723],{"className":66,"code":82722,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82724,82725,82758],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82726,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82728,3657],{"class":79},[73,82730,84],{"class":83},[73,82732,528],{"class":105},[73,82734,384],{"class":87},[73,82736,3666],{"class":91},[73,82738,384],{"class":87},[73,82740,149],{"class":105},[73,82742,88],{"class":87},[73,82744,82745],{"class":91},"Banana",[73,82747,384],{"class":87},[73,82749,149],{"class":105},[73,82751,88],{"class":87},[73,82753,78126],{"class":91},[73,82755,384],{"class":87},[73,82757,229],{"class":105},[73,82759,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82761,102],{"class":101},[73,82763,106],{"class":105},[73,82765,82022],{"class":101},[73,82767,106],{"class":105},[73,82769,3701],{"class":114},[73,82771,118],{"class":105},[20,82773,82774],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82776,82777,82778,82780],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82779,14439],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[59,82782,35983,82783,35986],{"id":78084},[15,82784,14439],{},[20,82786,1569,82787,82789],{},[15,82788,14439],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82791,82792],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[292,82794,82796],{"id":82795},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[64,82798,82800],{"className":66,"code":82799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82801,82802,82834],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82803,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82805,3657],{"class":79},[73,82807,84],{"class":83},[73,82809,528],{"class":105},[73,82811,384],{"class":87},[73,82813,36418],{"class":91},[73,82815,384],{"class":87},[73,82817,149],{"class":105},[73,82819,88],{"class":87},[73,82821,67708],{"class":91},[73,82823,384],{"class":87},[73,82825,149],{"class":105},[73,82827,88],{"class":87},[73,82829,57507],{"class":91},[73,82831,384],{"class":87},[73,82833,229],{"class":105},[73,82835,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82837,102],{"class":101},[73,82839,106],{"class":105},[73,82841,82022],{"class":101},[73,82843,106],{"class":105},[73,82845,3701],{"class":114},[73,82847,149],{"class":105},[73,82849,21179],{"class":8767},[73,82851,84],{"class":83},[73,82853,10755],{"class":101},[73,82855,118],{"class":105},[20,82857,1660],{},[64,82859,82861],{"className":66,"code":82860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"elephant\n",[15,82862,82863],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82864,82865],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82866,82860],{"class":79},[20,82868,20370,82869,82872],{},[15,82870,82871],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82874,82875,82876,33226,82878,817],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82877,41735],{},[587,82879,82880,5370],{"href":41732},[15,82881,41735],{},[292,82883,82885],{"id":82884},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[64,82887,82889],{"className":66,"code":82888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82890,82891,82923],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82892,82893,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919,82921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82894,3657],{"class":79},[73,82896,84],{"class":83},[73,82898,528],{"class":105},[73,82900,384],{"class":87},[73,82902,3666],{"class":91},[73,82904,384],{"class":87},[73,82906,149],{"class":105},[73,82908,88],{"class":87},[73,82910,82745],{"class":91},[73,82912,384],{"class":87},[73,82914,149],{"class":105},[73,82916,88],{"class":87},[73,82918,78126],{"class":91},[73,82920,384],{"class":87},[73,82922,229],{"class":105},[73,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,82926,102],{"class":101},[73,82928,106],{"class":105},[73,82930,82022],{"class":101},[73,82932,106],{"class":105},[73,82934,3701],{"class":114},[73,82936,149],{"class":105},[73,82938,21179],{"class":8767},[73,82940,84],{"class":83},[73,82942,3031],{"class":1270},[73,82944,817],{"class":105},[73,82946,206],{"class":851},[73,82948,118],{"class":105},[20,82950,1660],{},[64,82952,82953],{"className":66,"code":82128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82954,82955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82956,82957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82958,82128],{"class":79},[20,82960,20370,82961,82963],{},[15,82962,78080],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[292,82965,82967],{"id":82966},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82969,82970,82971,2475],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82972,37031],{},[64,82974,82976],{"className":66,"code":82975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82977,82978,83021],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82979,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82999,83001,83003,83005,83008,83010,83012,83014,83017,83019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82981,7369],{"class":79},[73,82983,84],{"class":83},[73,82985,528],{"class":105},[73,82987,384],{"class":87},[73,82989,587],{"class":91},[73,82991,384],{"class":87},[73,82993,149],{"class":105},[73,82995,88],{"class":87},[73,82997,82998],{"class":91},"bb",[73,83000,384],{"class":87},[73,83002,149],{"class":105},[73,83004,88],{"class":87},[73,83006,83007],{"class":91},"cccc",[73,83009,384],{"class":87},[73,83011,149],{"class":105},[73,83013,88],{"class":87},[73,83015,83016],{"class":91},"ddd",[73,83018,384],{"class":87},[73,83020,229],{"class":105},[73,83022,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83024,102],{"class":101},[73,83026,106],{"class":105},[73,83028,82022],{"class":101},[73,83030,106],{"class":105},[73,83032,7400],{"class":114},[73,83034,149],{"class":105},[73,83036,21179],{"class":8767},[73,83038,84],{"class":83},[73,83040,37031],{"class":633},[73,83042,42216],{"class":37034},[73,83044,2475],{"class":105},[73,83046,37758],{"class":101},[73,83048,106],{"class":105},[73,83050,482],{"class":114},[73,83052,2503],{"class":105},[20,83054,1660],{},[64,83056,83058],{"className":66,"code":83057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cccc\n",[15,83059,83060],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83061,83062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83063,83057],{"class":79},[20,83065,48927,83066,355,83068,83070],{},[15,83067,82871],{},[15,83069,77967],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[59,83072,35983,83074,35986],{"id":83073},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83075,82318],{},[20,83077,1569,83078,83080],{},[15,83079,82318],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83082,83083],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[64,83085,83087],{"className":66,"code":83086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83088,83089,83097],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83090,83091,83093,83095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83092,523],{"class":79},[73,83094,84],{"class":83},[73,83096,7429],{"class":105},[73,83098,83099,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83100,102],{"class":101},[73,83102,106],{"class":105},[73,83104,82022],{"class":101},[73,83106,106],{"class":105},[73,83108,553],{"class":114},[73,83110,149],{"class":105},[73,83112,26119],{"class":8767},[73,83114,84],{"class":83},[73,83116,1710],{"class":315},[73,83118,118],{"class":105},[20,83120,1660],{},[64,83122,83123],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83124,83125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83126,83127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83128,46628],{"class":315},[20,83130,83131],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83133,83134,83135,83137],{},"Without ",[15,83136,82318],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83139,51458],{},[64,83141,83143],{"className":66,"code":83142,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83144,83145,83153,83180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83146,83147,83149,83151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83148,3657],{"class":79},[73,83150,84],{"class":83},[73,83152,7429],{"class":105},[73,83154,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83176,83178],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83156,1819],{"class":79},[73,83158,84],{"class":83},[73,83160,82369],{"class":101},[73,83162,106],{"class":105},[73,83164,3701],{"class":114},[73,83166,149],{"class":105},[73,83168,26119],{"class":8767},[73,83170,84],{"class":83},[73,83172,384],{"class":87},[73,83174,83175],{"class":91},"no words found",[73,83177,384],{"class":87},[73,83179,854],{"class":105},[73,83181,83182,83184,83186,83188],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,83183,102],{"class":101},[73,83185,106],{"class":105},[73,83187,1854],{"class":114},[73,83189,854],{"class":105},[20,83191,1660],{},[64,83193,83195],{"className":66,"code":83194,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"no words found\n",[15,83196,83197],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83198,83199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83200,83194],{"class":79},[20,83202,83203],{},"Important:",[30,83205,83206,83214],{},[33,83207,83208,83210,83211],{},[15,83209,82318],{}," works with ",[15,83212,83213],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83215,40279,83216,83218,83219],{},[55,83217,806],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83220,83221],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[59,83223,47363],{"id":47362},[20,83225,83226,83227,817],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83228,81963],{},[292,83230,83232,83234],{"id":83231},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83233,40077],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83236,83237,83238,45284,83240,817],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83239,82318],{},[15,83241,40077],{},[64,83243,83245],{"className":66,"code":83244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83246,83247,83255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83248,83249,83251,83253],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83250,523],{"class":79},[73,83252,84],{"class":83},[73,83254,7429],{"class":105},[73,83256,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83258,102],{"class":101},[73,83260,106],{"class":105},[73,83262,82022],{"class":101},[73,83264,106],{"class":105},[73,83266,553],{"class":114},[73,83268,118],{"class":105},[20,83270,29278],{},[64,83272,83274],{"className":66,"code":83273,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83275,83276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83277,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83289,83291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83279,40077],{"class":1270},[73,83281,2475],{"class":105},[73,83283,82369],{"class":101},[73,83285,6956],{"class":105},[73,83287,83288],{"class":79}," arg ",[73,83290,11789],{"class":83},[73,83292,83293],{"class":79}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83295,83296,83297,2475],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83298,82318],{},[64,83300,83302],{"className":66,"code":83301,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83303,83304,83312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83305,83306,83308,83310],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83307,523],{"class":79},[73,83309,84],{"class":83},[73,83311,7429],{"class":105},[73,83313,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83315,102],{"class":101},[73,83317,106],{"class":105},[73,83319,82022],{"class":101},[73,83321,106],{"class":105},[73,83323,553],{"class":114},[73,83325,149],{"class":105},[73,83327,26119],{"class":8767},[73,83329,84],{"class":83},[73,83331,3364],{"class":3438},[73,83333,118],{"class":105},[20,83335,83336,83337,817],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[587,83338,65221],{"href":72260},[292,83340,83342,83344],{"id":83341},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83343,2594],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83346,83347,83348,817],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83349,2594],{},[64,83351,83353],{"className":66,"code":83352,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83354,83355,83379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83356,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83358,7369],{"class":79},[73,83360,84],{"class":83},[73,83362,528],{"class":105},[73,83364,1920],{"class":315},[73,83366,149],{"class":105},[73,83368,88],{"class":87},[73,83370,15352],{"class":91},[73,83372,384],{"class":87},[73,83374,149],{"class":105},[73,83376,7385],{"class":315},[73,83378,229],{"class":105},[73,83380,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83382,102],{"class":101},[73,83384,106],{"class":105},[73,83386,82022],{"class":101},[73,83388,106],{"class":105},[73,83390,7400],{"class":114},[73,83392,118],{"class":105},[20,83394,83395],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83397,83398],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[64,83400,83402],{"className":66,"code":83401,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83403,83404,83424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83405,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83407,7369],{"class":79},[73,83409,84],{"class":83},[73,83411,528],{"class":105},[73,83413,1920],{"class":315},[73,83415,149],{"class":105},[73,83417,7380],{"class":315},[73,83419,149],{"class":105},[73,83421,7385],{"class":315},[73,83423,229],{"class":105},[73,83425,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83427,102],{"class":101},[73,83429,106],{"class":105},[73,83431,82022],{"class":101},[73,83433,106],{"class":105},[73,83435,7400],{"class":114},[73,83437,118],{"class":105},[20,83439,83440,83441,817],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[587,83442,83444],{"href":83443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[292,83446,83448,83450],{"id":83447},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83449,2594],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83452,83453,83455],{},[15,83454,81963],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[64,83457,83459],{"className":66,"code":83458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(max())\n",[15,83460,83461],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83462,83463,83465,83467,83469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83464,102],{"class":101},[73,83466,106],{"class":105},[73,83468,82022],{"class":101},[73,83470,348],{"class":105},[20,83472,2591,83473,817],{},[15,83474,2594],{},[59,83476,83478,1011,83480],{"id":83477},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83479,81963],{},[15,83481,73806],{},[20,83483,83484],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83486,83487,2475],{},[15,83488,81963],{},[30,83490,83491],{},[33,83492,83493],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83495,83496,2475],{},[15,83497,73806],{},[30,83499,83500],{},[33,83501,83502],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83504,714],{},[64,83506,83508],{"className":66,"code":83507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83509,83510,83534,83538,83552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83511,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83513,523],{"class":79},[73,83515,84],{"class":83},[73,83517,528],{"class":105},[73,83519,1652],{"class":315},[73,83521,149],{"class":105},[73,83523,5948],{"class":315},[73,83525,149],{"class":105},[73,83527,409],{"class":315},[73,83529,149],{"class":105},[73,83531,4194],{"class":315},[73,83533,229],{"class":105},[73,83535,83536],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83537,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,83539,83540,83542,83544,83546,83548,83550],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,83541,102],{"class":101},[73,83543,106],{"class":105},[73,83545,82022],{"class":101},[73,83547,106],{"class":105},[73,83549,553],{"class":114},[73,83551,118],{"class":105},[73,83553,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,83555,102],{"class":101},[73,83557,106],{"class":105},[73,83559,73896],{"class":101},[73,83561,106],{"class":105},[73,83563,553],{"class":114},[73,83565,118],{"class":105},[20,83567,1660],{},[64,83569,83571],{"className":66,"code":83570,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83572,83573,83577],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83574,83575],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83576,1971],{"class":315},[73,83578,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83580,138],{"class":105},[73,83582,1646],{"class":315},[73,83584,149],{"class":105},[73,83586,414],{"class":315},[73,83588,149],{"class":105},[73,83590,4194],{"class":315},[73,83592,149],{"class":105},[73,83594,5948],{"class":315},[73,83596,229],{"class":105},[20,83598,121,83599,83601],{},[15,83600,81963],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83603,121,83604,83608],{},[587,83605,83606],{"href":73903},[15,83607,73806],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83610,83611,83612,817],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[587,83613,83615],{"href":83614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83616,83617],{},"min()",[59,83619,1207],{"id":1206},[20,83621,83622],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,83624,83625,83632,83635,83640,83643],{},[33,83626,29247,83627,83629,83630],{},[15,83628,81963],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83631,82318],{},[33,83633,83634],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,83636,8044,83637,83639],{},[15,83638,81963],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,83641,83642],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,83644,438,83645,83647],{},[15,83646,82318],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83649,10706],{},[64,83651,83653],{"className":66,"code":83652,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83654,83655,83665,83679,83693,83707,83729],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83656,83657,83659,83661,83663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83658,102],{"class":101},[73,83660,106],{"class":105},[73,83662,7400],{"class":114},[73,83664,854],{"class":105},[73,83666,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83668,102],{"class":101},[73,83670,106],{"class":105},[73,83672,1271],{"class":1270},[73,83674,106],{"class":105},[73,83676,7400],{"class":114},[73,83678,118],{"class":105},[73,83680,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,83682,102],{"class":101},[73,83684,106],{"class":105},[73,83686,10755],{"class":101},[73,83688,106],{"class":105},[73,83690,7400],{"class":114},[73,83692,118],{"class":105},[73,83694,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,83696,102],{"class":101},[73,83698,106],{"class":105},[73,83700,82022],{"class":101},[73,83702,106],{"class":105},[73,83704,7400],{"class":114},[73,83706,118],{"class":105},[73,83708,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725,83727],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,83710,102],{"class":101},[73,83712,106],{"class":105},[73,83714,82022],{"class":101},[73,83716,106],{"class":105},[73,83718,7400],{"class":114},[73,83720,149],{"class":105},[73,83722,26119],{"class":8767},[73,83724,84],{"class":83},[73,83726,3364],{"class":3438},[73,83728,118],{"class":105},[73,83730,83731,83733,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,83732,102],{"class":101},[73,83734,401],{"class":105},[73,83736,1271],{"class":1270},[73,83738,106],{"class":105},[73,83740,354],{"class":114},[73,83742,3246],{"class":105},[73,83744,3463],{"class":646},[73,83746,3466],{"class":114},[73,83748,3469],{"class":646},[73,83750,5553],{"class":114},[73,83752,3475],{"class":105},[20,83754,83755],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,83757,83758,83763,83768,83771],{},[33,83759,83760,83761],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83762,7400],{},[33,83764,79133,83765,83767],{},[15,83766,7400],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,83769,83770],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,83772,83773],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83775,68729,83776,83779,83780,83782],{},[15,83777,83778],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83781,7400],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[59,83784,1405],{"id":1404},[292,83786,1409,83788,1412],{"id":83787},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83789,81963],{},[20,83791,83792],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[292,83794,1446,83796,83798],{"id":83795},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83797,81963],{}," work with strings?",[20,83800,83801],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[292,83803,71028],{"id":71027},[20,83805,83806,51873,83808,83810,83811,83813],{},[15,83807,81963],{},[15,83809,40077],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83812,82318],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[292,83815,83817,83818,1424],{"id":83816},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83819,81963],{},[20,83821,121,83822,2475],{},[15,83823,82871],{},[64,83825,83826],{"className":66,"code":82799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83827,83828,83860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83829,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83831,3657],{"class":79},[73,83833,84],{"class":83},[73,83835,528],{"class":105},[73,83837,384],{"class":87},[73,83839,36418],{"class":91},[73,83841,384],{"class":87},[73,83843,149],{"class":105},[73,83845,88],{"class":87},[73,83847,67708],{"class":91},[73,83849,384],{"class":87},[73,83851,149],{"class":105},[73,83853,88],{"class":87},[73,83855,57507],{"class":91},[73,83857,384],{"class":87},[73,83859,229],{"class":105},[73,83861,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,83863,102],{"class":101},[73,83865,106],{"class":105},[73,83867,82022],{"class":101},[73,83869,106],{"class":105},[73,83871,3701],{"class":114},[73,83873,149],{"class":105},[73,83875,21179],{"class":8767},[73,83877,84],{"class":83},[73,83879,10755],{"class":101},[73,83881,118],{"class":105},[292,83883,1419,83885,355,83887,1424],{"id":83884},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83886,81963],{},[15,83888,73806],{},[20,83890,83891,83893,83894,83896],{},[15,83892,81963],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":83935},[83936,83937,83939,83940,83942,83944,83946,83951,83953,83961,83963,83964,83975],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":82153,"depth":98,"text":83938},"What max() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":82322,"depth":98,"text":83941},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82492,"depth":98,"text":83943},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82627,"depth":98,"text":83945},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78084,"depth":98,"text":79282,"children":83947},[83948,83949,83950],{"id":82795,"depth":332,"text":82796},{"id":82884,"depth":332,"text":82885},{"id":82966,"depth":332,"text":82967},{"id":83073,"depth":98,"text":83952},"Using the default argument",{"id":47362,"depth":98,"text":47363,"children":83954},[83955,83957,83959],{"id":83231,"depth":332,"text":83956},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83341,"depth":332,"text":83958},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83447,"depth":332,"text":83960},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83477,"depth":98,"text":83962},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":83965},[83966,83968,83970,83971,83973],{"id":83787,"depth":332,"text":83967},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83795,"depth":332,"text":83969},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71027,"depth":332,"text":71028},{"id":83816,"depth":332,"text":83972},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83884,"depth":332,"text":83974},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81955,"description":83976},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83983,"title":83984,"body":83985,"description":85939,"extension":1552,"meta":85940,"navigation":335,"path":85941,"seo":85942,"stem":85943,"__hash__":85944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83986,"toc":85896},[83987,83992,83997,84003,84005,84079,84081,84094,84099,84104,84120,84124,84129,84205,84211,84214,84257,84259,84267,84273,84276,84307,84309,84317,84323,84328,84387,84389,84398,84401,84411,84417,84422,84457,84459,84467,84473,84479,84484,84528,84530,84539,84542,84582,84584,84593,84596,84608,84613,84618,84669,84671,84680,84683,84734,84736,84745,84748,84755,84761,84766,84768,84783,84787,84847,84849,84858,84862,85034,85036,85073,85080,85086,85089,85116,85118,85139,85144,85179,85181,85189,85192,85195,85211,85216,85218,85222,85228,85232,85259,85262,85272,85312,85316,85319,85362,85364,85373,85376,85381,85450,85452,85460,85465,85469,85472,85523,85525,85533,85536,85599,85601,85609,85612,85617,85621,85634,85641,85649,85651,85653,85683,85689,85790,85800,85802,85807,85810,85815,85818,85820,85828,85836,85844,85851,85859,85861,85893],[10,83988,13,83990,18],{"id":83989},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83991,83617],{},[20,83993,83994,83996],{},[15,83995,83617],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83998,83999,84000,84002],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84001,83617],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[59,84004,62],{"id":61},[64,84006,84008],{"className":66,"code":84007,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84009,84010,84034,84049,84053],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84011,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84013,523],{"class":79},[73,84015,84],{"class":83},[73,84017,528],{"class":105},[73,84019,1727],{"class":315},[73,84021,149],{"class":105},[73,84023,409],{"class":315},[73,84025,149],{"class":105},[73,84027,53515],{"class":315},[73,84029,149],{"class":105},[73,84031,5084],{"class":315},[73,84033,229],{"class":105},[73,84035,84036,84038,84040,84043,84045,84047],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84037,102],{"class":101},[73,84039,106],{"class":105},[73,84041,84042],{"class":101},"min",[73,84044,106],{"class":105},[73,84046,553],{"class":114},[73,84048,118],{"class":105},[73,84050,84051],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,84052,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,84054,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,84056,102],{"class":101},[73,84058,106],{"class":105},[73,84060,84042],{"class":101},[73,84062,106],{"class":105},[73,84064,1727],{"class":315},[73,84066,149],{"class":105},[73,84068,409],{"class":315},[73,84070,149],{"class":105},[73,84072,53515],{"class":315},[73,84074,149],{"class":105},[73,84076,5084],{"class":315},[73,84078,118],{"class":105},[20,84080,1660],{},[64,84082,84084],{"className":66,"code":84083,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n1\n",[15,84085,84086,84090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84087,84088],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84089,46293],{"class":315},[73,84091,84092],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84093,46293],{"class":315},[20,84095,121,84096,84098],{},[15,84097,83617],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[59,84100,236,84102,239],{"id":84101},"what-min-does",[15,84103,83617],{},[30,84105,84106,84111,84114,84117],{},[33,84107,84108,84110],{},[15,84109,83617],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84112,84113],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84115,84116],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84118,84119],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[59,84121,84123],{"id":84122},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84125,84126,84127,2475],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84128,83617],{},[64,84130,84132],{"className":66,"code":84131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84133,84134,84144,84169,84187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84135,84136,84138,84140,84142],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84137,84042],{"class":101},[73,84139,106],{"class":105},[73,84141,3306],{"class":114},[73,84143,854],{"class":105},[73,84145,84146,84148,84150,84153,84155,84158,84160,84163,84165,84167],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84147,84042],{"class":101},[73,84149,106],{"class":105},[73,84151,84152],{"class":114},"value1",[73,84154,149],{"class":105},[73,84156,84157],{"class":114}," value2",[73,84159,149],{"class":105},[73,84161,84162],{"class":114}," value3",[73,84164,149],{"class":105},[73,84166,199],{"class":101},[73,84168,854],{"class":105},[73,84170,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,84172,84042],{"class":101},[73,84174,106],{"class":105},[73,84176,3306],{"class":114},[73,84178,149],{"class":105},[73,84180,21179],{"class":8767},[73,84182,84],{"class":83},[73,84184,36742],{"class":101},[73,84186,854],{"class":105},[73,84188,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,84190,84042],{"class":101},[73,84192,106],{"class":105},[73,84194,3306],{"class":114},[73,84196,149],{"class":105},[73,84198,26119],{"class":8767},[73,84200,84],{"class":83},[73,84202,36742],{"class":101},[73,84204,854],{"class":105},[292,84206,84208],{"id":84207},"miniterable",[15,84209,84210],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84212,84213],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[64,84215,84217],{"className":66,"code":84216,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84218,84219,84243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84220,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84222,523],{"class":79},[73,84224,84],{"class":83},[73,84226,528],{"class":105},[73,84228,1935],{"class":315},[73,84230,149],{"class":105},[73,84232,414],{"class":315},[73,84234,149],{"class":105},[73,84236,30541],{"class":315},[73,84238,149],{"class":105},[73,84240,5084],{"class":315},[73,84242,229],{"class":105},[73,84244,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84246,102],{"class":101},[73,84248,106],{"class":105},[73,84250,84042],{"class":101},[73,84252,106],{"class":105},[73,84254,553],{"class":114},[73,84256,118],{"class":105},[20,84258,1660],{},[64,84260,84261],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,84262,84263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84264,84265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84266,46293],{"class":315},[292,84268,84270],{"id":84269},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84271,84272],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84274,84275],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[64,84277,84279],{"className":66,"code":84278,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84280,84281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84282,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84284,102],{"class":101},[73,84286,106],{"class":105},[73,84288,84042],{"class":101},[73,84290,106],{"class":105},[73,84292,1935],{"class":315},[73,84294,149],{"class":105},[73,84296,414],{"class":315},[73,84298,149],{"class":105},[73,84300,30541],{"class":315},[73,84302,149],{"class":105},[73,84304,5084],{"class":315},[73,84306,118],{"class":105},[20,84308,1660],{},[64,84310,84311],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,84312,84313],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84314,84315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84316,46293],{"class":315},[292,84318,84320],{"id":84319},"miniterable-key",[15,84321,84322],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84324,121,84325,84327],{},[15,84326,14439],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[64,84329,84331],{"className":66,"code":84330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84332,84333,84365],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84334,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84336,3657],{"class":79},[73,84338,84],{"class":83},[73,84340,528],{"class":105},[73,84342,384],{"class":87},[73,84344,78126],{"class":91},[73,84346,384],{"class":87},[73,84348,149],{"class":105},[73,84350,88],{"class":87},[73,84352,37713],{"class":91},[73,84354,384],{"class":87},[73,84356,149],{"class":105},[73,84358,88],{"class":87},[73,84360,3675],{"class":91},[73,84362,384],{"class":87},[73,84364,229],{"class":105},[73,84366,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84368,102],{"class":101},[73,84370,106],{"class":105},[73,84372,84042],{"class":101},[73,84374,106],{"class":105},[73,84376,3701],{"class":114},[73,84378,149],{"class":105},[73,84380,21179],{"class":8767},[73,84382,84],{"class":83},[73,84384,10755],{"class":101},[73,84386,118],{"class":105},[20,84388,1660],{},[64,84390,84392],{"className":66,"code":84391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"kiwi\n",[15,84393,84394],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84395,84396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84397,84391],{"class":79},[20,84399,84400],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84402,84403,84404,84406,84407,817],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84405,41735],{},", see the ",[587,84408,84409,1470],{"href":41732},[15,84410,41735],{},[292,84412,84414],{"id":84413},"miniterable-default",[15,84415,84416],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84418,121,84419,84421],{},[15,84420,82318],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[64,84423,84425],{"className":66,"code":84424,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84426,84427,84435],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84428,84429,84431,84433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84430,523],{"class":79},[73,84432,84],{"class":83},[73,84434,7429],{"class":105},[73,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84438,102],{"class":101},[73,84440,106],{"class":105},[73,84442,84042],{"class":101},[73,84444,106],{"class":105},[73,84446,553],{"class":114},[73,84448,149],{"class":105},[73,84450,26119],{"class":8767},[73,84452,84],{"class":83},[73,84454,1710],{"class":315},[73,84456,118],{"class":105},[20,84458,1660],{},[64,84460,84461],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,84462,84463],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84464,84465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84466,46628],{"class":315},[20,84468,84469,84470,84472],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84471,40077],{}," when there is no item to return.",[59,84474,438,84476,84478],{"id":84475},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84477,83617],{}," with numbers",[20,84480,84481,84483],{},[15,84482,83617],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[64,84485,84487],{"className":66,"code":84486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84488,84489,84514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84492,4654],{"class":79},[73,84494,84],{"class":83},[73,84496,528],{"class":105},[73,84498,50883],{"class":315},[73,84500,149],{"class":105},[73,84502,84503],{"class":315}," 72",[73,84505,149],{"class":105},[73,84507,28503],{"class":315},[73,84509,149],{"class":105},[73,84511,75482],{"class":315},[73,84513,229],{"class":105},[73,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84517,102],{"class":101},[73,84519,106],{"class":105},[73,84521,84042],{"class":101},[73,84523,106],{"class":105},[73,84525,15987],{"class":114},[73,84527,118],{"class":105},[20,84529,1660],{},[64,84531,84533],{"className":66,"code":84532,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"60\n",[15,84534,84535],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84536,84537],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84538,84532],{"class":315},[20,84540,84541],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[64,84543,84545],{"className":66,"code":84544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84546,84547,84568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84562,84564,84566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84550,82430],{"class":79},[73,84552,84],{"class":83},[73,84554,528],{"class":105},[73,84556,39771],{"class":315},[73,84558,149],{"class":105},[73,84560,84561],{"class":315}," 5.49",[73,84563,149],{"class":105},[73,84565,82446],{"class":315},[73,84567,229],{"class":105},[73,84569,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84571,102],{"class":101},[73,84573,106],{"class":105},[73,84575,84042],{"class":101},[73,84577,106],{"class":105},[73,84579,82466],{"class":114},[73,84581,118],{"class":105},[20,84583,1660],{},[64,84585,84587],{"className":66,"code":84586,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.49\n",[15,84588,84589],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84590,84591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84592,84586],{"class":315},[20,84594,84595],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84597,84598,84600,84602,84605],{},[33,84599,15987],{},[33,84601,82466],{},[33,84603,84604],{},"measurements",[33,84606,84607],{},"ages",[59,84609,438,84611,46435],{"id":84610},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84612,83617],{},[20,84614,84615,84617],{},[15,84616,83617],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[64,84619,84621],{"className":66,"code":84620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84622,84623,84655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84624,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84626,3657],{"class":79},[73,84628,84],{"class":83},[73,84630,528],{"class":105},[73,84632,384],{"class":87},[73,84634,3675],{"class":91},[73,84636,384],{"class":87},[73,84638,149],{"class":105},[73,84640,88],{"class":87},[73,84642,3666],{"class":91},[73,84644,384],{"class":87},[73,84646,149],{"class":105},[73,84648,88],{"class":87},[73,84650,3684],{"class":91},[73,84652,384],{"class":87},[73,84654,229],{"class":105},[73,84656,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84658,102],{"class":101},[73,84660,106],{"class":105},[73,84662,84042],{"class":101},[73,84664,106],{"class":105},[73,84666,3701],{"class":114},[73,84668,118],{"class":105},[20,84670,1660],{},[64,84672,84674],{"className":66,"code":84673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apple\n",[15,84675,84676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84677,84678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84679,84673],{"class":79},[20,84681,84682],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[64,84684,84686],{"className":66,"code":84685,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84687,84688,84720],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84689,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84691,3657],{"class":79},[73,84693,84],{"class":83},[73,84695,528],{"class":105},[73,84697,384],{"class":87},[73,84699,3675],{"class":91},[73,84701,384],{"class":87},[73,84703,149],{"class":105},[73,84705,88],{"class":87},[73,84707,57148],{"class":91},[73,84709,384],{"class":87},[73,84711,149],{"class":105},[73,84713,88],{"class":87},[73,84715,3684],{"class":91},[73,84717,384],{"class":87},[73,84719,229],{"class":105},[73,84721,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84723,102],{"class":101},[73,84725,106],{"class":105},[73,84727,84042],{"class":101},[73,84729,106],{"class":105},[73,84731,3701],{"class":114},[73,84733,118],{"class":105},[20,84735,1660],{},[64,84737,84739],{"className":66,"code":84738,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Apple\n",[15,84740,84741],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84742,84743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84744,84738],{"class":79},[20,84746,84747],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84749,84750,84751,817],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[587,84752,84753,5370],{"href":73903},[15,84754,73806],{},[59,84756,438,84758,84760],{"id":84757},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84759,83617],{}," with a key function",[20,84762,1569,84763,84765],{},[15,84764,14439],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84767,261],{},[30,84769,84770,84775,84780],{},[33,84771,84772,84774],{},[15,84773,14439],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,84776,84777,84779],{},[15,84778,83617],{}," still returns the original item",[33,84781,84782],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[292,84784,84786],{"id":84785},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[64,84788,84790],{"className":66,"code":84789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84791,84792,84825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84793,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84821,84823],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84795,3657],{"class":79},[73,84797,84],{"class":83},[73,84799,528],{"class":105},[73,84801,384],{"class":87},[73,84803,67708],{"class":91},[73,84805,384],{"class":87},[73,84807,149],{"class":105},[73,84809,88],{"class":87},[73,84811,36418],{"class":91},[73,84813,384],{"class":87},[73,84815,149],{"class":105},[73,84817,88],{"class":87},[73,84819,84820],{"class":91},"giraffe",[73,84822,384],{"class":87},[73,84824,229],{"class":105},[73,84826,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84828,102],{"class":101},[73,84830,106],{"class":105},[73,84832,84042],{"class":101},[73,84834,106],{"class":105},[73,84836,3701],{"class":114},[73,84838,149],{"class":105},[73,84840,21179],{"class":8767},[73,84842,84],{"class":83},[73,84844,10755],{"class":101},[73,84846,118],{"class":105},[20,84848,1660],{},[64,84850,84852],{"className":66,"code":84851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cat\n",[15,84853,84854],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84855,84856],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84857,84851],{"class":79},[292,84859,84861],{"id":84860},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[64,84863,84865],{"className":66,"code":84864,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84866,84867,84877,84912,84944,84976,84980,84984,85023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84868,84869,84872,84874],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84870,84871],{"class":79},"students ",[73,84873,84],{"class":83},[73,84875,84876],{"class":105}," [\n",[73,84878,84879,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84903,84905,84907,84909],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,84880,84881],{"class":105},"    {",[73,84883,384],{"class":87},[73,84885,115],{"class":91},[73,84887,384],{"class":87},[73,84889,2475],{"class":105},[73,84891,88],{"class":87},[73,84893,12477],{"class":91},[73,84895,384],{"class":87},[73,84897,149],{"class":105},[73,84899,88],{"class":87},[73,84901,84902],{"class":91},"score",[73,84904,384],{"class":87},[73,84906,2475],{"class":105},[73,84908,13105],{"class":315},[73,84910,84911],{"class":105},"},\n",[73,84913,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,84915,84881],{"class":105},[73,84917,384],{"class":87},[73,84919,115],{"class":91},[73,84921,384],{"class":87},[73,84923,2475],{"class":105},[73,84925,88],{"class":87},[73,84927,35310],{"class":91},[73,84929,384],{"class":87},[73,84931,149],{"class":105},[73,84933,88],{"class":87},[73,84935,84902],{"class":91},[73,84937,384],{"class":87},[73,84939,2475],{"class":105},[73,84941,84503],{"class":315},[73,84943,84911],{"class":105},[73,84945,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,84947,84881],{"class":105},[73,84949,384],{"class":87},[73,84951,115],{"class":91},[73,84953,384],{"class":87},[73,84955,2475],{"class":105},[73,84957,88],{"class":87},[73,84959,35319],{"class":91},[73,84961,384],{"class":87},[73,84963,149],{"class":105},[73,84965,88],{"class":87},[73,84967,84902],{"class":91},[73,84969,384],{"class":87},[73,84971,2475],{"class":105},[73,84973,19497],{"class":315},[73,84975,8901],{"class":105},[73,84977,84978],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,84979,229],{"class":105},[73,84981,84982],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,84983,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,84985,84986,84989,84991,84994,84996,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,84987,84988],{"class":79},"lowest ",[73,84990,84],{"class":83},[73,84992,84993],{"class":101}," min",[73,84995,106],{"class":105},[73,84997,84998],{"class":114},"students",[73,85000,149],{"class":105},[73,85002,21179],{"class":8767},[73,85004,84],{"class":83},[73,85006,37031],{"class":633},[73,85008,12503],{"class":37034},[73,85010,2475],{"class":105},[73,85012,12503],{"class":114},[73,85014,138],{"class":105},[73,85016,384],{"class":87},[73,85018,84902],{"class":91},[73,85020,384],{"class":87},[73,85022,3475],{"class":105},[73,85024,85025,85027,85029,85032],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,85026,102],{"class":101},[73,85028,106],{"class":105},[73,85030,85031],{"class":114},"lowest",[73,85033,854],{"class":105},[20,85035,1660],{},[64,85037,85039],{"className":66,"code":85038,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85040,85041],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85042,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85044,8870],{"class":105},[73,85046,141],{"class":87},[73,85048,115],{"class":91},[73,85050,141],{"class":87},[73,85052,2475],{"class":105},[73,85054,152],{"class":87},[73,85056,35310],{"class":91},[73,85058,141],{"class":87},[73,85060,149],{"class":105},[73,85062,152],{"class":87},[73,85064,84902],{"class":91},[73,85066,141],{"class":87},[73,85068,2475],{"class":105},[73,85070,84503],{"class":315},[73,85072,8901],{"class":105},[20,85074,85075,85076,85079],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85077,85078],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[59,85081,438,85083,85085],{"id":85082},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85084,82318],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85087,85088],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[64,85090,85092],{"className":66,"code":85091,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85093,85094,85102],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85095,85096,85098,85100],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85097,523],{"class":79},[73,85099,84],{"class":83},[73,85101,7429],{"class":105},[73,85103,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85105,102],{"class":101},[73,85107,106],{"class":105},[73,85109,84042],{"class":101},[73,85111,106],{"class":105},[73,85113,553],{"class":114},[73,85115,118],{"class":105},[20,85117,1660],{},[64,85119,85121],{"className":66,"code":85120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85122,85123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85124,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85126,40077],{"class":1270},[73,85128,2475],{"class":105},[73,85130,84993],{"class":101},[73,85132,6956],{"class":105},[73,85134,83288],{"class":79},[73,85136,11789],{"class":83},[73,85138,83293],{"class":79},[20,85140,85141,85142,2475],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85143,82318],{},[64,85145,85147],{"className":66,"code":85146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85148,85149,85157],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85150,85151,85153,85155],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85152,523],{"class":79},[73,85154,84],{"class":83},[73,85156,7429],{"class":105},[73,85158,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85160,102],{"class":101},[73,85162,106],{"class":105},[73,85164,84042],{"class":101},[73,85166,106],{"class":105},[73,85168,553],{"class":114},[73,85170,149],{"class":105},[73,85172,26119],{"class":8767},[73,85174,84],{"class":83},[73,85176,3364],{"class":3438},[73,85178,118],{"class":105},[20,85180,1660],{},[64,85182,85183],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85184,85185],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85186,85187],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85188,11403],{"class":3438},[20,85190,85191],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85193,85194],{},"Remember:",[30,85196,85197,85205],{},[33,85198,85199,85201,85202,85204],{},[15,85200,82318],{}," works only when ",[15,85203,83617],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85206,85207,85208],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85209,85210],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85212,85213,85214,817],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[587,85215,65221],{"href":72260},[59,85217,10337],{"id":10336},[20,85219,56155,85220,817],{},[15,85221,83617],{},[292,85223,85225,85226],{"id":85224},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85227,82318],{},[20,85229,2591,85230,2475],{},[15,85231,40077],{},[64,85233,85235],{"className":66,"code":85234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85236,85237,85245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85238,85239,85241,85243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85240,7369],{"class":79},[73,85242,84],{"class":83},[73,85244,7429],{"class":105},[73,85246,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85248,102],{"class":101},[73,85250,106],{"class":105},[73,85252,84042],{"class":101},[73,85254,106],{"class":105},[73,85256,7400],{"class":114},[73,85258,118],{"class":105},[20,85260,85261],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85263,85264,85267],{},[33,85265,85266],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85268,85269,85270],{},"or using ",[15,85271,82318],{},[64,85273,85275],{"className":66,"code":85274,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85276,85277,85285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85278,85279,85281,85283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85280,7369],{"class":79},[73,85282,84],{"class":83},[73,85284,7429],{"class":105},[73,85286,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85308,85310],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85288,102],{"class":101},[73,85290,106],{"class":105},[73,85292,84042],{"class":101},[73,85294,106],{"class":105},[73,85296,7400],{"class":114},[73,85298,149],{"class":105},[73,85300,26119],{"class":8767},[73,85302,84],{"class":83},[73,85304,384],{"class":87},[73,85306,85307],{"class":91},"no items",[73,85309,384],{"class":87},[73,85311,118],{"class":105},[292,85313,85315],{"id":85314},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85317,85318],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[64,85320,85322],{"className":66,"code":85321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85323,85324,85348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85325,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85327,8757],{"class":79},[73,85329,84],{"class":83},[73,85331,528],{"class":105},[73,85333,1920],{"class":315},[73,85335,149],{"class":105},[73,85337,88],{"class":87},[73,85339,15352],{"class":91},[73,85341,384],{"class":87},[73,85343,149],{"class":105},[73,85345,4194],{"class":315},[73,85347,229],{"class":105},[73,85349,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85351,102],{"class":101},[73,85353,106],{"class":105},[73,85355,84042],{"class":101},[73,85357,106],{"class":105},[73,85359,8796],{"class":114},[73,85361,118],{"class":105},[20,85363,1660],{},[64,85365,85367],{"className":66,"code":85366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError\n",[15,85368,85369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85370,85371],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85372,85366],{"class":1270},[20,85374,85375],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85377,85378,85379,817],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85380,83617],{},[64,85382,85384],{"className":66,"code":85383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85385,85386,85410,85436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85387,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85389,8757],{"class":79},[73,85391,84],{"class":83},[73,85393,528],{"class":105},[73,85395,1920],{"class":315},[73,85397,149],{"class":105},[73,85399,88],{"class":87},[73,85401,15352],{"class":91},[73,85403,384],{"class":87},[73,85405,149],{"class":105},[73,85407,4194],{"class":315},[73,85409,229],{"class":105},[73,85411,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85413,523],{"class":79},[73,85415,84],{"class":83},[73,85417,528],{"class":105},[73,85419,1778],{"class":1270},[73,85421,106],{"class":105},[73,85423,354],{"class":114},[73,85425,3246],{"class":105},[73,85427,3463],{"class":646},[73,85429,3466],{"class":79},[73,85431,3469],{"class":646},[73,85433,14164],{"class":79},[73,85435,229],{"class":105},[73,85437,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,85439,102],{"class":101},[73,85441,106],{"class":105},[73,85443,84042],{"class":101},[73,85445,106],{"class":105},[73,85447,553],{"class":114},[73,85449,118],{"class":105},[20,85451,1660],{},[64,85453,85454],{"className":66,"code":2538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85455,85456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85457,85458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85459,2538],{"class":315},[20,85461,85462,85463,817],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85464,2594],{},[292,85466,85468],{"id":85467},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85470,85471],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[64,85473,85475],{"className":66,"code":85474,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85476,85477,85509],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85478,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85480,3657],{"class":79},[73,85482,84],{"class":83},[73,85484,528],{"class":105},[73,85486,384],{"class":87},[73,85488,78942],{"class":91},[73,85490,384],{"class":87},[73,85492,149],{"class":105},[73,85494,88],{"class":87},[73,85496,57148],{"class":91},[73,85498,384],{"class":87},[73,85500,149],{"class":105},[73,85502,88],{"class":87},[73,85504,78959],{"class":91},[73,85506,384],{"class":87},[73,85508,229],{"class":105},[73,85510,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85512,102],{"class":101},[73,85514,106],{"class":105},[73,85516,84042],{"class":101},[73,85518,106],{"class":105},[73,85520,3701],{"class":114},[73,85522,118],{"class":105},[20,85524,1660],{},[64,85526,85527],{"className":66,"code":84738,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85528,85529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85530,85531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85532,84738],{"class":79},[20,85534,85535],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[64,85537,85539],{"className":66,"code":85538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85540,85541,85573],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85542,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85544,3657],{"class":79},[73,85546,84],{"class":83},[73,85548,528],{"class":105},[73,85550,384],{"class":87},[73,85552,78942],{"class":91},[73,85554,384],{"class":87},[73,85556,149],{"class":105},[73,85558,88],{"class":87},[73,85560,57148],{"class":91},[73,85562,384],{"class":87},[73,85564,149],{"class":105},[73,85566,88],{"class":87},[73,85568,78959],{"class":91},[73,85570,384],{"class":87},[73,85572,229],{"class":105},[73,85574,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85576,102],{"class":101},[73,85578,106],{"class":105},[73,85580,84042],{"class":101},[73,85582,106],{"class":105},[73,85584,3701],{"class":114},[73,85586,149],{"class":105},[73,85588,21179],{"class":8767},[73,85590,84],{"class":83},[73,85592,3031],{"class":1270},[73,85594,817],{"class":105},[73,85596,206],{"class":851},[73,85598,118],{"class":105},[20,85600,1660],{},[64,85602,85603],{"className":66,"code":84738,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85604,85605],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85606,85607],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85608,84738],{"class":79},[20,85610,85611],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[59,85613,4551,85615],{"id":85614},"when-to-use-min",[15,85616,83617],{},[20,85618,121,85619,10193],{},[15,85620,83617],{},[30,85622,85623,85626,85631],{},[33,85624,85625],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,85627,85628,85629],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85630,14439],{},[33,85632,85633],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85635,121,85636,85640],{},[587,85637,85638],{"href":73903},[15,85639,73806],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85642,121,85643,85648],{},[587,85644,85646],{"href":85645},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85647,81963],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[59,85650,1207],{"id":1206},[20,85652,83622],{},[30,85654,85655,85663,85666,85671,85678],{},[33,85656,85657,85658,85660,85661],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85659,83617],{}," without using ",[15,85662,82318],{},[33,85664,85665],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,85667,8044,85668,85670],{},[15,85669,83617],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,85672,4293,85673,85675,85676,84779],{},[15,85674,14439],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85677,83617],{},[33,85679,438,85680,85682],{},[15,85681,82318],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85684,85685,85686,85688],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85687,83617],{},", these quick checks can help:",[64,85690,85692],{"className":66,"code":85691,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85693,85694,85708,85718,85732,85746,85768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85695,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85697,102],{"class":101},[73,85699,106],{"class":105},[73,85701,1271],{"class":1270},[73,85703,106],{"class":105},[73,85705,8796],{"class":114},[73,85707,118],{"class":105},[73,85709,85710,85712,85714,85716],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,85711,102],{"class":101},[73,85713,106],{"class":105},[73,85715,8796],{"class":114},[73,85717,854],{"class":105},[73,85719,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,85721,102],{"class":101},[73,85723,106],{"class":105},[73,85725,10755],{"class":101},[73,85727,106],{"class":105},[73,85729,8796],{"class":114},[73,85731,118],{"class":105},[73,85733,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,85735,102],{"class":101},[73,85737,106],{"class":105},[73,85739,84042],{"class":101},[73,85741,106],{"class":105},[73,85743,8796],{"class":114},[73,85745,118],{"class":105},[73,85747,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,85749,102],{"class":101},[73,85751,106],{"class":105},[73,85753,84042],{"class":101},[73,85755,106],{"class":105},[73,85757,8796],{"class":114},[73,85759,149],{"class":105},[73,85761,26119],{"class":8767},[73,85763,84],{"class":83},[73,85765,3364],{"class":3438},[73,85767,118],{"class":105},[73,85769,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,85771,102],{"class":101},[73,85773,106],{"class":105},[73,85775,84042],{"class":101},[73,85777,106],{"class":105},[73,85779,3701],{"class":114},[73,85781,149],{"class":105},[73,85783,21179],{"class":8767},[73,85785,84],{"class":83},[73,85787,10755],{"class":101},[73,85789,118],{"class":105},[20,85791,85792,85793,85796,85797,85799],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85794,85795],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85798,8796],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[59,85801,1405],{"id":1404},[292,85803,1409,85805,1412],{"id":85804},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85806,83617],{},[20,85808,85809],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[292,85811,1446,85813,83798],{"id":85812},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85814,83617],{},[20,85816,85817],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[292,85819,71028],{"id":71027},[20,85821,85822,51873,85824,83810,85826,35992],{},[15,85823,83617],{},[15,85825,40077],{},[15,85827,82318],{},[292,85829,1409,85831,85833,85834,1424],{"id":85830},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85832,14439],{}," do in ",[15,85835,83617],{},[20,85837,85838,85840,85841,85843],{},[15,85839,14439],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85842,82871],{}," compares strings by length.",[292,85845,1419,85847,355,85849,1424],{"id":85846},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85848,83617],{},[15,85850,73806],{},[20,85852,85853,85855,85856,85858],{},[15,85854,83617],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85857,73806],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[59,85860,1461],{"id":1460},[30,85862,85863,85869,85875,85881,85885,85889],{},[33,85864,85865],{},[587,85866,85867,1470],{"href":85645},[15,85868,81963],{},[33,85870,85871],{},[587,85872,85873,1470],{"href":73903},[15,85874,73806],{},[33,85876,85877],{},[587,85878,85879,1470],{"href":41732},[15,85880,41735],{},[33,85882,85883],{},[587,85884,79255],{"href":77758},[33,85886,85887],{},[587,85888,58336],{"href":58335},[33,85890,85891],{},[587,85892,65221],{"href":72260},[1500,85894,85895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":85897},[85898,85899,85901,85907,85909,85911,85916,85918,85924,85926,85927,85938],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":84101,"depth":98,"text":85900},"What min() does",{"id":84122,"depth":98,"text":84123,"children":85902},[85903,85904,85905,85906],{"id":84207,"depth":332,"text":84210},{"id":84269,"depth":332,"text":84272},{"id":84319,"depth":332,"text":84322},{"id":84413,"depth":332,"text":84416},{"id":84475,"depth":98,"text":85908},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84610,"depth":98,"text":85910},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84757,"depth":98,"text":85912,"children":85913},"Using min() with a key function",[85914,85915],{"id":84785,"depth":332,"text":84786},{"id":84860,"depth":332,"text":84861},{"id":85082,"depth":98,"text":85917},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10336,"depth":98,"text":10337,"children":85919},[85920,85922,85923],{"id":85224,"depth":332,"text":85921},"Empty list without default",{"id":85314,"depth":332,"text":85315},{"id":85467,"depth":332,"text":85468},{"id":85614,"depth":98,"text":85925},"When to use min()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":85928},[85929,85931,85933,85934,85936],{"id":85804,"depth":332,"text":85930},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85812,"depth":332,"text":85932},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71027,"depth":332,"text":71028},{"id":85830,"depth":332,"text":85935},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85846,"depth":332,"text":85937},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83984,"description":85939},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85946,"title":85947,"body":85948,"description":88127,"extension":1552,"meta":88128,"navigation":335,"path":88129,"seo":88130,"stem":88131,"__hash__":88132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85949,"toc":88091},[85950,85953,85959,85965,85967,86048,86057,86061,86066,86068,86113,86115,86195,86201,86203,86206,86238,86240,86258,86260,86333,86335,86354,86358,86361,86397,86399,86466,86540,86613,86618,86622,86628,86631,86648,86651,86653,86714,86716,86736,86742,86746,86749,86819,86822,86841,86846,86922,86925,86929,86935,86939,86944,87014,87018,87023,87097,87101,87104,87179,87190,87194,87199,87289,87294,87362,87365,87384,87395,87399,87402,87407,87410,87472,87475,87486,87491,87494,87497,87502,87505,87508,87512,87515,87521,87524,87535,87537,87599,87614,87620,87623,87626,87637,87648,87654,87657,87659,87721,87731,87737,87742,87748,87752,87758,87761,87782,87784,87789,87816,87819,87846,87849,87888,87891,87929,87932,87993,87996,87998,88002,88005,88009,88015,88023,88031,88035,88038,88042,88048,88050,88088],[10,85951,85947],{"id":85952},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85954,85955,85958],{},[15,85956,85957],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85960,85961,85962,85964],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85963,85957],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[59,85966,62],{"id":61},[64,85968,85970],{"className":66,"code":85969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85971,85972,86021,86037],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85973,85974,85977,85980,85982,85984,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86002,86004,86006,86009,86011,86013,86015,86019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85975,85976],{"class":646},"with",[73,85978,85979],{"class":101}," open",[73,85981,106],{"class":105},[73,85983,384],{"class":87},[73,85985,85986],{"class":91},"example.txt",[73,85988,384],{"class":87},[73,85990,149],{"class":105},[73,85992,88],{"class":87},[73,85994,59886],{"class":91},[73,85996,384],{"class":87},[73,85998,149],{"class":105},[73,86000,86001],{"class":8767}," encoding",[73,86003,84],{"class":83},[73,86005,384],{"class":87},[73,86007,86008],{"class":91},"utf-8",[73,86010,384],{"class":87},[73,86012,3246],{"class":105},[73,86014,46734],{"class":646},[73,86016,86018],{"class":86017},"sMMDD"," file",[73,86020,5982],{"class":105},[73,86022,86023,86026,86028,86030,86032,86035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86024,86025],{"class":79},"    content ",[73,86027,84],{"class":83},[73,86029,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86031,817],{"class":105},[73,86033,86034],{"class":114},"read",[73,86036,8233],{"class":105},[73,86038,86039,86041,86043,86046],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86040,7659],{"class":101},[73,86042,106],{"class":105},[73,86044,86045],{"class":114},"content",[73,86047,854],{"class":105},[20,86049,121,86050,86052,86053,86056],{},[15,86051,85976],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86054,86055],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[59,86058,86060],{"id":86059},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86062,86063,86065],{},[15,86064,85957],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86067,261],{},[30,86069,86070,86073,86078,86083],{},[33,86071,86072],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86074,40279,86075,86077],{},[55,86076,806],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86079,17020,86080],{},[55,86081,86082],{},"file object",[33,86084,86085,86086],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86087,86088,86093,86098,86103,86108],{},[33,86089,86090],{},[15,86091,86092],{},"read()",[33,86094,86095],{},[15,86096,86097],{},"readline()",[33,86099,86100],{},[15,86101,86102],{},"readlines()",[33,86104,86105],{},[15,86106,86107],{},"write()",[33,86109,86110],{},[15,86111,86112],{},"close()",[20,86114,714],{},[64,86116,86118],{"className":66,"code":86117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86119,86120,86159,86174,86184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86121,86122,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86123,86124],{"class":86017},"file",[73,86126,12874],{"class":83},[73,86128,85979],{"class":101},[73,86130,106],{"class":105},[73,86132,384],{"class":87},[73,86134,85986],{"class":91},[73,86136,384],{"class":87},[73,86138,149],{"class":105},[73,86140,88],{"class":87},[73,86142,59886],{"class":91},[73,86144,384],{"class":87},[73,86146,149],{"class":105},[73,86148,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86150,84],{"class":83},[73,86152,384],{"class":87},[73,86154,86008],{"class":91},[73,86156,384],{"class":87},[73,86158,854],{"class":105},[73,86160,86161,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86162,86163],{"class":79},"content ",[73,86165,84],{"class":83},[73,86167,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86169,817],{"class":105},[73,86171,86034],{"class":114},[73,86173,8233],{"class":105},[73,86175,86176,86178,86180,86182],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86177,102],{"class":101},[73,86179,106],{"class":105},[73,86181,86045],{"class":114},[73,86183,854],{"class":105},[73,86185,86186,86188,86190,86193],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,86187,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86189,817],{"class":105},[73,86191,86192],{"class":114},"close",[73,86194,8233],{"class":105},[20,86196,86197,86198,86200],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86199,85976],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[59,86202,285],{"id":284},[20,86204,86205],{},"A common form is:",[64,86207,86209],{"className":66,"code":86208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86210,86211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86212,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86214,41801],{"class":101},[73,86216,106],{"class":105},[73,86218,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86220,149],{"class":105},[73,86222,86223],{"class":114}," mode",[73,86225,149],{"class":105},[73,86227,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86229,84],{"class":83},[73,86231,384],{"class":87},[73,86233,86008],{"class":91},[73,86235,384],{"class":87},[73,86237,854],{"class":105},[20,86239,64427],{},[30,86241,86242,86247,86252],{},[33,86243,86244,86246],{},[15,86245,86124],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86248,86249,86251],{},[15,86250,20518],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86253,86254,86257],{},[15,86255,86256],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86259,714],{},[64,86261,86263],{"className":66,"code":86262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86264,86265,86308,86323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86266,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86268,85976],{"class":646},[73,86270,85979],{"class":101},[73,86272,106],{"class":105},[73,86274,384],{"class":87},[73,86276,86277],{"class":91},"notes.txt",[73,86279,384],{"class":87},[73,86281,149],{"class":105},[73,86283,88],{"class":87},[73,86285,59886],{"class":91},[73,86287,384],{"class":87},[73,86289,149],{"class":105},[73,86291,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86293,84],{"class":83},[73,86295,384],{"class":87},[73,86297,86008],{"class":91},[73,86299,384],{"class":87},[73,86301,3246],{"class":105},[73,86303,46734],{"class":646},[73,86305,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86307,5982],{"class":105},[73,86309,86310,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86311,86312],{"class":79},"    text ",[73,86314,84],{"class":83},[73,86316,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86318,817],{"class":105},[73,86320,86034],{"class":114},[73,86322,8233],{"class":105},[73,86324,86325,86327,86329,86331],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86326,7659],{"class":101},[73,86328,106],{"class":105},[73,86330,482],{"class":114},[73,86332,854],{"class":105},[20,86334,19556],{},[30,86336,86337,86343,86348],{},[33,86338,86339,86342],{},[15,86340,86341],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86344,86345,86347],{},[15,86346,86055],{}," means open for reading",[33,86349,86350,86353],{},[15,86351,86352],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[59,86355,86357],{"id":86356},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86359,86360],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86362,86363,86368,86374,86379,86385,86391],{},[33,86364,86365,86367],{},[15,86366,86055],{}," = read a text file",[33,86369,86370,86373],{},[15,86371,86372],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86375,86376,86378],{},[15,86377,17695],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86380,86381,86384],{},[15,86382,86383],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86386,86387,86390],{},[15,86388,86389],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86392,86393,86396],{},[15,86394,86395],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86398,1716],{},[64,86400,86402],{"className":66,"code":86401,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86403,86404,86409,86452],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86405,86406],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86407,86408],{"class":3249},"# Read a text file\n",[73,86410,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444,86446,86448,86450],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86412,85976],{"class":646},[73,86414,85979],{"class":101},[73,86416,106],{"class":105},[73,86418,384],{"class":87},[73,86420,86421],{"class":91},"data.txt",[73,86423,384],{"class":87},[73,86425,149],{"class":105},[73,86427,88],{"class":87},[73,86429,59886],{"class":91},[73,86431,384],{"class":87},[73,86433,149],{"class":105},[73,86435,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86437,84],{"class":83},[73,86439,384],{"class":87},[73,86441,86008],{"class":91},[73,86443,384],{"class":87},[73,86445,3246],{"class":105},[73,86447,46734],{"class":646},[73,86449,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86451,5982],{"class":105},[73,86453,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462,86464],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86455,7659],{"class":101},[73,86457,106],{"class":105},[73,86459,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86461,817],{"class":105},[73,86463,86034],{"class":114},[73,86465,348],{"class":105},[64,86467,86469],{"className":66,"code":86468,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86470,86471,86476,86518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86472,86473],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86474,86475],{"class":3249},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[73,86477,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86479,85976],{"class":646},[73,86481,85979],{"class":101},[73,86483,106],{"class":105},[73,86485,384],{"class":87},[73,86487,86421],{"class":91},[73,86489,384],{"class":87},[73,86491,149],{"class":105},[73,86493,88],{"class":87},[73,86495,59869],{"class":91},[73,86497,384],{"class":87},[73,86499,149],{"class":105},[73,86501,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86503,84],{"class":83},[73,86505,384],{"class":87},[73,86507,86008],{"class":91},[73,86509,384],{"class":87},[73,86511,3246],{"class":105},[73,86513,46734],{"class":646},[73,86515,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86517,5982],{"class":105},[73,86519,86520,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86536,86538],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86521,86522],{"class":86017},"    file",[73,86524,817],{"class":105},[73,86526,69577],{"class":114},[73,86528,106],{"class":105},[73,86530,384],{"class":87},[73,86532,652],{"class":91},[73,86534,86535],{"class":198},"\\n",[73,86537,384],{"class":87},[73,86539,854],{"class":105},[64,86541,86543],{"className":66,"code":86542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86544,86545,86550,86592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86546,86547],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86548,86549],{"class":3249},"# Append to a text file\n",[73,86551,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86553,85976],{"class":646},[73,86555,85979],{"class":101},[73,86557,106],{"class":105},[73,86559,384],{"class":87},[73,86561,86421],{"class":91},[73,86563,384],{"class":87},[73,86565,149],{"class":105},[73,86567,88],{"class":87},[73,86569,587],{"class":91},[73,86571,384],{"class":87},[73,86573,149],{"class":105},[73,86575,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86577,84],{"class":83},[73,86579,384],{"class":87},[73,86581,86008],{"class":91},[73,86583,384],{"class":87},[73,86585,3246],{"class":105},[73,86587,46734],{"class":646},[73,86589,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86591,5982],{"class":105},[73,86593,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86607,86609,86611],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86595,86522],{"class":86017},[73,86597,817],{"class":105},[73,86599,69577],{"class":114},[73,86601,106],{"class":105},[73,86603,384],{"class":87},[73,86605,86606],{"class":91},"Another line",[73,86608,86535],{"class":198},[73,86610,384],{"class":87},[73,86612,854],{"class":105},[20,86614,68729,86615,86617],{},[15,86616,86372],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[59,86619,86621],{"id":86620},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86623,86624,21574,86626,817],{},[15,86625,85957],{},[55,86627,86082],{},[20,86629,86630],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,86632,86633,86638,86643],{},[33,86634,86635],{},[15,86636,86637],{},"file.read()",[33,86639,86640],{},[15,86641,86642],{},"file.write()",[33,86644,86645],{},[15,86646,86647],{},"file.close()",[20,86649,86650],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86652,714],{},[64,86654,86656],{"className":66,"code":86655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86657,86658,86700],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86659,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86661,85976],{"class":646},[73,86663,85979],{"class":101},[73,86665,106],{"class":105},[73,86667,384],{"class":87},[73,86669,85986],{"class":91},[73,86671,384],{"class":87},[73,86673,149],{"class":105},[73,86675,88],{"class":87},[73,86677,59886],{"class":91},[73,86679,384],{"class":87},[73,86681,149],{"class":105},[73,86683,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86685,84],{"class":83},[73,86687,384],{"class":87},[73,86689,86008],{"class":91},[73,86691,384],{"class":87},[73,86693,3246],{"class":105},[73,86695,46734],{"class":646},[73,86697,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86699,5982],{"class":105},[73,86701,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86703,7659],{"class":101},[73,86705,106],{"class":105},[73,86707,1271],{"class":1270},[73,86709,106],{"class":105},[73,86711,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86713,118],{"class":105},[20,86715,29627],{},[64,86717,86719],{"className":66,"code":86718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86720,86721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86722,86723,86725,86727,86729,86732,86734],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86724,2879],{"class":83},[73,86726,2882],{"class":633},[73,86728,152],{"class":87},[73,86730,86731],{"class":91},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[73,86733,141],{"class":87},[73,86735,2891],{"class":83},[20,86737,86738,86739,86741],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86740,85957],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[59,86743,86745],{"id":86744},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86747,86748],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[64,86750,86751],{"className":66,"code":85969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86752,86753,86795,86809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86754,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86756,85976],{"class":646},[73,86758,85979],{"class":101},[73,86760,106],{"class":105},[73,86762,384],{"class":87},[73,86764,85986],{"class":91},[73,86766,384],{"class":87},[73,86768,149],{"class":105},[73,86770,88],{"class":87},[73,86772,59886],{"class":91},[73,86774,384],{"class":87},[73,86776,149],{"class":105},[73,86778,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86780,84],{"class":83},[73,86782,384],{"class":87},[73,86784,86008],{"class":91},[73,86786,384],{"class":87},[73,86788,3246],{"class":105},[73,86790,46734],{"class":646},[73,86792,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86794,5982],{"class":105},[73,86796,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86798,86025],{"class":79},[73,86800,84],{"class":83},[73,86802,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86804,817],{"class":105},[73,86806,86034],{"class":114},[73,86808,8233],{"class":105},[73,86810,86811,86813,86815,86817],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86812,7659],{"class":101},[73,86814,106],{"class":105},[73,86816,86045],{"class":114},[73,86818,854],{"class":105},[20,86820,86821],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,86823,86824,86829,86835,86838],{},[33,86825,86826,86828],{},[15,86827,85976],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,86830,86831,86832,86834],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86833,86112],{}," yourself",[33,86836,86837],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,86839,86840],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86842,83134,86843,86845],{},[15,86844,85976],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[64,86847,86848],{"className":66,"code":86117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86849,86850,86888,86902,86912],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86851,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86853,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86855,12874],{"class":83},[73,86857,85979],{"class":101},[73,86859,106],{"class":105},[73,86861,384],{"class":87},[73,86863,85986],{"class":91},[73,86865,384],{"class":87},[73,86867,149],{"class":105},[73,86869,88],{"class":87},[73,86871,59886],{"class":91},[73,86873,384],{"class":87},[73,86875,149],{"class":105},[73,86877,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86879,84],{"class":83},[73,86881,384],{"class":87},[73,86883,86008],{"class":91},[73,86885,384],{"class":87},[73,86887,854],{"class":105},[73,86889,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86891,86163],{"class":79},[73,86893,84],{"class":83},[73,86895,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86897,817],{"class":105},[73,86899,86034],{"class":114},[73,86901,8233],{"class":105},[73,86903,86904,86906,86908,86910],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,86905,102],{"class":101},[73,86907,106],{"class":105},[73,86909,86045],{"class":114},[73,86911,854],{"class":105},[73,86913,86914,86916,86918,86920],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,86915,86124],{"class":86017},[73,86917,817],{"class":105},[73,86919,86192],{"class":114},[73,86921,8233],{"class":105},[20,86923,86924],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[59,86926,86928],{"id":86927},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86930,86931,86932,86934],{},"Use mode ",[15,86933,86055],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[292,86936,86938],{"id":86937},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86940,86941,86943],{},[15,86942,86092],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[64,86945,86946],{"className":66,"code":85969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86947,86948,86990,87004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86951,85976],{"class":646},[73,86953,85979],{"class":101},[73,86955,106],{"class":105},[73,86957,384],{"class":87},[73,86959,85986],{"class":91},[73,86961,384],{"class":87},[73,86963,149],{"class":105},[73,86965,88],{"class":87},[73,86967,59886],{"class":91},[73,86969,384],{"class":87},[73,86971,149],{"class":105},[73,86973,86001],{"class":8767},[73,86975,84],{"class":83},[73,86977,384],{"class":87},[73,86979,86008],{"class":91},[73,86981,384],{"class":87},[73,86983,3246],{"class":105},[73,86985,46734],{"class":646},[73,86987,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86989,5982],{"class":105},[73,86991,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,86993,86025],{"class":79},[73,86995,84],{"class":83},[73,86997,86018],{"class":86017},[73,86999,817],{"class":105},[73,87001,86034],{"class":114},[73,87003,8233],{"class":105},[73,87005,87006,87008,87010,87012],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,87007,7659],{"class":101},[73,87009,106],{"class":105},[73,87011,86045],{"class":114},[73,87013,854],{"class":105},[292,87015,87017],{"id":87016},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87019,87020,87022],{},[15,87021,86097],{}," reads one line at a time.",[64,87024,87026],{"className":66,"code":87025,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87027,87028,87070,87086],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87029,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87031,85976],{"class":646},[73,87033,85979],{"class":101},[73,87035,106],{"class":105},[73,87037,384],{"class":87},[73,87039,85986],{"class":91},[73,87041,384],{"class":87},[73,87043,149],{"class":105},[73,87045,88],{"class":87},[73,87047,59886],{"class":91},[73,87049,384],{"class":87},[73,87051,149],{"class":105},[73,87053,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87055,84],{"class":83},[73,87057,384],{"class":87},[73,87059,86008],{"class":91},[73,87061,384],{"class":87},[73,87063,3246],{"class":105},[73,87065,46734],{"class":646},[73,87067,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87069,5982],{"class":105},[73,87071,87072,87075,87077,87079,87081,87084],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87073,87074],{"class":79},"    first_line ",[73,87076,84],{"class":83},[73,87078,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87080,817],{"class":105},[73,87082,87083],{"class":114},"readline",[73,87085,8233],{"class":105},[73,87087,87088,87090,87092,87095],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,87089,7659],{"class":101},[73,87091,106],{"class":105},[73,87093,87094],{"class":114},"first_line",[73,87096,854],{"class":105},[292,87098,87100],{"id":87099},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87102,87103],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[64,87105,87107],{"className":66,"code":87106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87108,87109,87151,87165],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87110,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87112,85976],{"class":646},[73,87114,85979],{"class":101},[73,87116,106],{"class":105},[73,87118,384],{"class":87},[73,87120,85986],{"class":91},[73,87122,384],{"class":87},[73,87124,149],{"class":105},[73,87126,88],{"class":87},[73,87128,59886],{"class":91},[73,87130,384],{"class":87},[73,87132,149],{"class":105},[73,87134,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87136,84],{"class":83},[73,87138,384],{"class":87},[73,87140,86008],{"class":91},[73,87142,384],{"class":87},[73,87144,3246],{"class":105},[73,87146,46734],{"class":646},[73,87148,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87150,5982],{"class":105},[73,87152,87153,87156,87159,87161,87163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87154,87155],{"class":646},"    for",[73,87157,87158],{"class":79}," line ",[73,87160,3469],{"class":646},[73,87162,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87164,5982],{"class":105},[73,87166,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,87168,46714],{"class":101},[73,87170,106],{"class":105},[73,87172,75],{"class":114},[73,87174,817],{"class":105},[73,87176,506],{"class":114},[73,87178,348],{"class":105},[20,87180,87181,87182,2468,87186,817],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[587,87183,87185],{"href":87184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[587,87187,87189],{"href":87188},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[59,87191,87193],{"id":87192},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87195,121,87196,87198],{},[15,87197,86372],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[64,87200,87202],{"className":66,"code":87201,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87203,87204,87247,87268],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87205,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87207,85976],{"class":646},[73,87209,85979],{"class":101},[73,87211,106],{"class":105},[73,87213,384],{"class":87},[73,87215,87216],{"class":91},"output.txt",[73,87218,384],{"class":87},[73,87220,149],{"class":105},[73,87222,88],{"class":87},[73,87224,59869],{"class":91},[73,87226,384],{"class":87},[73,87228,149],{"class":105},[73,87230,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87232,84],{"class":83},[73,87234,384],{"class":87},[73,87236,86008],{"class":91},[73,87238,384],{"class":87},[73,87240,3246],{"class":105},[73,87242,46734],{"class":646},[73,87244,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87246,5982],{"class":105},[73,87248,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87262,87264,87266],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87250,86522],{"class":86017},[73,87252,817],{"class":105},[73,87254,69577],{"class":114},[73,87256,106],{"class":105},[73,87258,384],{"class":87},[73,87260,87261],{"class":91},"First line",[73,87263,86535],{"class":198},[73,87265,384],{"class":87},[73,87267,854],{"class":105},[73,87269,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87283,87285,87287],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,87271,86522],{"class":86017},[73,87273,817],{"class":105},[73,87275,69577],{"class":114},[73,87277,106],{"class":105},[73,87279,384],{"class":87},[73,87281,87282],{"class":91},"Second line",[73,87284,86535],{"class":198},[73,87286,384],{"class":87},[73,87288,854],{"class":105},[20,87290,121,87291,87293],{},[15,87292,17695],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[64,87295,87297],{"className":66,"code":87296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87298,87299,87341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87300,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87302,85976],{"class":646},[73,87304,85979],{"class":101},[73,87306,106],{"class":105},[73,87308,384],{"class":87},[73,87310,87216],{"class":91},[73,87312,384],{"class":87},[73,87314,149],{"class":105},[73,87316,88],{"class":87},[73,87318,587],{"class":91},[73,87320,384],{"class":87},[73,87322,149],{"class":105},[73,87324,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87326,84],{"class":83},[73,87328,384],{"class":87},[73,87330,86008],{"class":91},[73,87332,384],{"class":87},[73,87334,3246],{"class":105},[73,87336,46734],{"class":646},[73,87338,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87340,5982],{"class":105},[73,87342,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87356,87358,87360],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87344,86522],{"class":86017},[73,87346,817],{"class":105},[73,87348,69577],{"class":114},[73,87350,106],{"class":105},[73,87352,384],{"class":87},[73,87354,87355],{"class":91},"Third line",[73,87357,86535],{"class":198},[73,87359,384],{"class":87},[73,87361,854],{"class":105},[20,87363,87364],{},"Important detail:",[30,87366,87367,87372,87379],{},[33,87368,87369,87371],{},[15,87370,86107],{}," writes a string",[33,87373,87374,13651,87376,87378],{},[15,87375,86107],{},[55,87377,806],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87380,87381,87382,86834],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87383,86535],{},[20,87385,87386,87387,2468,87391,817],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[587,87388,87390],{"href":87389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[587,87392,87394],{"href":87393},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[59,87396,87398],{"id":87397},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87400,87401],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[292,87403,87405],{"id":87404},"encodingutf-8",[15,87406,86352],{},[20,87408,87409],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[64,87411,87413],{"className":66,"code":87412,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87414,87415,87458],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87416,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87418,85976],{"class":646},[73,87420,85979],{"class":101},[73,87422,106],{"class":105},[73,87424,384],{"class":87},[73,87426,87427],{"class":91},"message.txt",[73,87429,384],{"class":87},[73,87431,149],{"class":105},[73,87433,88],{"class":87},[73,87435,59886],{"class":91},[73,87437,384],{"class":87},[73,87439,149],{"class":105},[73,87441,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87443,84],{"class":83},[73,87445,384],{"class":87},[73,87447,86008],{"class":91},[73,87449,384],{"class":87},[73,87451,3246],{"class":105},[73,87453,46734],{"class":646},[73,87455,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87457,5982],{"class":105},[73,87459,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87461,7659],{"class":101},[73,87463,106],{"class":105},[73,87465,86124],{"class":86017},[73,87467,817],{"class":105},[73,87469,86034],{"class":114},[73,87471,348],{"class":105},[20,87473,87474],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87476,87477,87480,87483],{},[33,87478,87479],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87481,87482],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87484,87485],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[292,87487,87489],{"id":87488},"newline",[15,87490,87488],{},[20,87492,87493],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87495,87496],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[292,87498,87500],{"id":87499},"buffering",[15,87501,87499],{},[20,87503,87504],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87506,87507],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[59,87509,87511],{"id":87510},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87513,87514],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[292,87516,87518],{"id":87517},"filenotfounderror",[15,87519,87520],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87522,87523],{},"This happens when:",[30,87525,87526,87529,87532],{},[33,87527,87528],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87530,87531],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87533,87534],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87536,714],{},[64,87538,87540],{"className":66,"code":87539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87541,87542,87585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87543,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87545,85976],{"class":646},[73,87547,85979],{"class":101},[73,87549,106],{"class":105},[73,87551,384],{"class":87},[73,87553,87554],{"class":91},"missing.txt",[73,87556,384],{"class":87},[73,87558,149],{"class":105},[73,87560,88],{"class":87},[73,87562,59886],{"class":91},[73,87564,384],{"class":87},[73,87566,149],{"class":105},[73,87568,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87570,84],{"class":83},[73,87572,384],{"class":87},[73,87574,86008],{"class":91},[73,87576,384],{"class":87},[73,87578,3246],{"class":105},[73,87580,46734],{"class":646},[73,87582,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87584,5982],{"class":105},[73,87586,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87588,7659],{"class":101},[73,87590,106],{"class":105},[73,87592,86124],{"class":86017},[73,87594,817],{"class":105},[73,87596,86034],{"class":114},[73,87598,348],{"class":105},[20,87600,87601,87602,355,87610,817],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[587,87603,87605,87606,87609],{"href":87604},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[73,87607,87608],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[587,87611,87613],{"href":87612},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[292,87615,87617],{"id":87616},"permissionerror",[15,87618,87619],{},"PermissionError",[20,87621,87622],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87624,87625],{},"Example causes:",[30,87627,87628,87631,87634],{},[33,87629,87630],{},"the file is protected",[33,87632,87633],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,87635,87636],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87638,87639,87640],{},"Related page: ",[587,87641,87643,87644,87647],{"href":87642},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[73,87645,87646],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[292,87649,87651],{"id":87650},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87652,87653],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87655,87656],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87658,714],{},[64,87660,87662],{"className":66,"code":87661,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87663,87664,87707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87665,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87667,85976],{"class":646},[73,87669,85979],{"class":101},[73,87671,106],{"class":105},[73,87673,384],{"class":87},[73,87675,87676],{"class":91},"my_folder",[73,87678,384],{"class":87},[73,87680,149],{"class":105},[73,87682,88],{"class":87},[73,87684,59886],{"class":91},[73,87686,384],{"class":87},[73,87688,149],{"class":105},[73,87690,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87692,84],{"class":83},[73,87694,384],{"class":87},[73,87696,86008],{"class":91},[73,87698,384],{"class":87},[73,87700,3246],{"class":105},[73,87702,46734],{"class":646},[73,87704,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87706,5982],{"class":105},[73,87708,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87710,7659],{"class":101},[73,87712,106],{"class":105},[73,87714,86124],{"class":86017},[73,87716,817],{"class":105},[73,87718,86034],{"class":114},[73,87720,348],{"class":105},[20,87722,87639,87723],{},[587,87724,87726,87727,87730],{"href":87725},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[73,87728,87729],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[292,87732,87734],{"id":87733},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87735,87736],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87738,87739,87740,817],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87741,85957],{},[20,87743,87639,87744],{},[587,87745,87747],{"href":87746},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[59,87749,87751],{"id":87750},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87753,87754,87755,87757],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87756,85957],{}," function.",[20,87759,87760],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,87762,87763,87766,87769,87775],{},[33,87764,87765],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,87767,87768],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,87770,87771,87772,87774],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87773,85957],{}," itself",[33,87776,87777,87778],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[587,87779,87781],{"href":87780},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[59,87783,1207],{"id":1206},[20,87785,87786,87787,2475],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87788,85957],{},[30,87790,87791,87796,87802,87807,87810,87813],{},[33,87792,438,87793,87795],{},[15,87794,86055],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,87797,87798,87799,87801],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87800,86256],{}," for text files",[33,87803,438,87804,87806],{},[15,87805,86372],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,87808,87809],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,87811,87812],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,87814,87815],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87817,87818],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[64,87820,87822],{"className":66,"code":87821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87823,87824,87831],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87825,87826,87828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87827,887],{"class":646},[73,87829,87830],{"class":79}," os\n",[73,87832,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87844],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87834,102],{"class":101},[73,87836,106],{"class":105},[73,87838,42000],{"class":114},[73,87840,817],{"class":105},[73,87842,87843],{"class":114},"getcwd",[73,87845,348],{"class":105},[20,87847,87848],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[64,87850,87852],{"className":66,"code":87851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87853,87854,87860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87855,87856,87858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87857,887],{"class":646},[73,87859,87830],{"class":79},[73,87861,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87873,87875,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87863,102],{"class":101},[73,87865,106],{"class":105},[73,87867,42000],{"class":114},[73,87869,817],{"class":105},[73,87871,87872],{"class":851},"path",[73,87874,817],{"class":105},[73,87876,87877],{"class":114},"exists",[73,87879,106],{"class":105},[73,87881,384],{"class":87},[73,87883,85986],{"class":91},[73,87885,384],{"class":87},[73,87887,118],{"class":105},[20,87889,87890],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[64,87892,87894],{"className":66,"code":87893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87895,87896,87902],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87897,87898,87900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87899,887],{"class":646},[73,87901,87830],{"class":79},[73,87903,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87905,102],{"class":101},[73,87907,106],{"class":105},[73,87909,42000],{"class":114},[73,87911,817],{"class":105},[73,87913,87872],{"class":851},[73,87915,817],{"class":105},[73,87917,87918],{"class":114},"isfile",[73,87920,106],{"class":105},[73,87922,384],{"class":87},[73,87924,85986],{"class":91},[73,87926,384],{"class":87},[73,87928,118],{"class":105},[20,87930,87931],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[64,87933,87935],{"className":66,"code":87934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87936,87937,87979],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87938,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87940,85976],{"class":646},[73,87942,85979],{"class":101},[73,87944,106],{"class":105},[73,87946,384],{"class":87},[73,87948,85986],{"class":91},[73,87950,384],{"class":87},[73,87952,149],{"class":105},[73,87954,88],{"class":87},[73,87956,59886],{"class":91},[73,87958,384],{"class":87},[73,87960,149],{"class":105},[73,87962,86001],{"class":8767},[73,87964,84],{"class":83},[73,87966,384],{"class":87},[73,87968,86008],{"class":91},[73,87970,384],{"class":87},[73,87972,3246],{"class":105},[73,87974,46734],{"class":646},[73,87976,86018],{"class":86017},[73,87978,5982],{"class":105},[73,87980,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,87982,7659],{"class":101},[73,87984,106],{"class":105},[73,87986,86124],{"class":86017},[73,87988,817],{"class":105},[73,87990,86034],{"class":114},[73,87992,348],{"class":105},[20,87994,87995],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[59,87997,1405],{"id":1404},[292,87999,88001],{"id":88000},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88003,88004],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[292,88006,88008],{"id":88007},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88010,88011,88012,88014],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88013,85976],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[292,88016,1419,88018,355,88020,88022],{"id":88017},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88019,86372],{},[15,88021,17695],{}," mode?",[20,88024,88025,88027,88028,88030],{},[15,88026,86372],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88029,17695],{}," adds new content to the end.",[292,88032,88034],{"id":88033},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88036,88037],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[292,88039,88041],{"id":88040},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88043,88044,88045,88047],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88046,86352],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[59,88049,1461],{"id":1460},[30,88051,88052,88056,88060,88064,88068,88072,88076,88082],{},[33,88053,88054],{},[587,88055,87185],{"href":87184},[33,88057,88058],{},[587,88059,87390],{"href":87389},[33,88061,88062],{},[587,88063,87394],{"href":87393},[33,88065,88066],{},[587,88067,87189],{"href":87188},[33,88069,88070],{},[587,88071,87781],{"href":87780},[33,88073,88074],{},[587,88075,87613],{"href":87612},[33,88077,88078],{},[587,88079,87605,88080,87609],{"href":87604},[73,88081,87608],{},[33,88083,88084],{},[587,88085,87643,88086,87647],{"href":87642},[73,88087,87646],{},[1500,88089,88090],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":88092},[88093,88094,88095,88096,88097,88098,88099,88104,88105,88110,88116,88117,88118,88126],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":86059,"depth":98,"text":86060},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":86356,"depth":98,"text":86357},{"id":86620,"depth":98,"text":86621},{"id":86744,"depth":98,"text":86745},{"id":86927,"depth":98,"text":86928,"children":88100},[88101,88102,88103],{"id":86937,"depth":332,"text":86938},{"id":87016,"depth":332,"text":87017},{"id":87099,"depth":332,"text":87100},{"id":87192,"depth":98,"text":87193},{"id":87397,"depth":98,"text":87398,"children":88106},[88107,88108,88109],{"id":87404,"depth":332,"text":86352},{"id":87488,"depth":332,"text":87488},{"id":87499,"depth":332,"text":87499},{"id":87510,"depth":98,"text":87511,"children":88111},[88112,88113,88114,88115],{"id":87517,"depth":332,"text":87520},{"id":87616,"depth":332,"text":87619},{"id":87650,"depth":332,"text":87653},{"id":87733,"depth":332,"text":87736},{"id":87750,"depth":98,"text":87751},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":88119},[88120,88121,88122,88124,88125],{"id":88000,"depth":332,"text":88001},{"id":88007,"depth":332,"text":88008},{"id":88017,"depth":332,"text":88123},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88033,"depth":332,"text":88034},{"id":88040,"depth":332,"text":88041},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85947,"description":88127},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88134,"title":88135,"body":88136,"description":90131,"extension":1552,"meta":90132,"navigation":335,"path":90133,"seo":90134,"stem":90135,"__hash__":90136},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88137,"toc":90078},[88138,88143,88148,88154,88156,88224,88226,88245,88250,88255,88260,88263,88275,88277,88320,88322,88340,88351,88353,88355,88380,88382,88393,88395,88455,88457,88483,88486,88490,88495,88499,88502,88536,88540,88543,88568,88572,88595,88599,88632,88637,88641,88646,88649,88717,88719,88743,88748,88751,88782,88784,88816,88833,88837,88842,88866,88873,88878,88883,88886,88890,88925,88927,88936,88940,89031,89033,89064,89069,89076,89081,89090,89093,89127,89129,89143,89147,89188,89190,89199,89203,89251,89253,89267,89272,89283,89290,89296,89298,89333,89335,89349,89352,89374,89380,89409,89420,89426,89432,89446,89448,89527,89529,89579,89586,89588,89593,89597,89600,89615,89620,89622,89641,89647,89650,89665,89667,89685,89691,89696,89726,89729,89752,89755,89782,89789,89795,89803,89826,89831,89839,89841,89861,89865,89871,89921,89924,89946,89948,89954,89962,89968,89974,89982,89987,89991,89994,90017,90022,90029,90041,90043,90075],[10,88139,13,88141,18],{"id":88140},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88142,45828],{},[20,88144,22,88145,88147],{},[15,88146,45828],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88149,88150,88151,88153],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88152,45828],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[59,88155,62],{"id":61},[64,88157,88159],{"className":66,"code":88158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88160,88161,88173,88182,88186,88196,88206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88162,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88164,80],{"class":79},[73,88166,84],{"class":83},[73,88168,88],{"class":87},[73,88170,7511],{"class":91},[73,88172,95],{"class":87},[73,88174,88175,88177,88179],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88176,21227],{"class":79},[73,88178,84],{"class":83},[73,88180,88181],{"class":315}," 12\n",[73,88183,88184],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88185,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,88187,88188,88190,88192,88194],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,88189,102],{"class":101},[73,88191,106],{"class":105},[73,88193,115],{"class":114},[73,88195,854],{"class":105},[73,88197,88198,88200,88202,88204],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,88199,102],{"class":101},[73,88201,106],{"class":105},[73,88203,8891],{"class":114},[73,88205,854],{"class":105},[73,88207,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,88209,102],{"class":101},[73,88211,106],{"class":105},[73,88213,384],{"class":87},[73,88215,652],{"class":91},[73,88217,384],{"class":87},[73,88219,149],{"class":105},[73,88221,35361],{"class":114},[73,88223,854],{"class":105},[20,88225,1660],{},[64,88227,88229],{"className":66,"code":88228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88230,88231,88236,88240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88232,88233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88234,88235],{"class":79},"Mia\n",[73,88237,88238],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88239,1814],{"class":315},[73,88241,88242],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88243,88244],{"class":79},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88246,121,88247,88249],{},[15,88248,45828],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[59,88251,236,88253,239],{"id":88252},"what-print-does",[15,88254,45828],{},[20,88256,88257,88259],{},[15,88258,45828],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88261,88262],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88264,88265,88267,88269,88272],{},[33,88266,482],{},[33,88268,553],{},[33,88270,88271],{},"variables",[33,88273,88274],{},"expressions",[20,88276,714],{},[64,88278,88280],{"className":66,"code":88279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88281,88282,88296,88306],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88283,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88285,102],{"class":101},[73,88287,106],{"class":105},[73,88289,384],{"class":87},[73,88291,652],{"class":91},[73,88293,384],{"class":87},[73,88295,854],{"class":105},[73,88297,88298,88300,88302,88304],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88299,102],{"class":101},[73,88301,106],{"class":105},[73,88303,1727],{"class":315},[73,88305,854],{"class":105},[73,88307,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88309,102],{"class":101},[73,88311,106],{"class":105},[73,88313,1646],{"class":315},[73,88315,2044],{"class":83},[73,88317,414],{"class":315},[73,88319,854],{"class":105},[20,88321,1660],{},[64,88323,88325],{"className":66,"code":88324,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88326,88327,88332,88336],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88328,88329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88330,88331],{"class":79},"Hello\n",[73,88333,88334],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88335,2538],{"class":315},[73,88337,88338],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88339,2538],{"class":315},[20,88341,88342,88343,88345,88346,88350],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88344,45828],{}," ",[55,88347,3277,88348],{},[15,88349,3364],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[59,88352,285],{"id":284},[20,88354,30323],{},[64,88356,88358],{"className":66,"code":88357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88359,88360],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88361,88362,88364,88366,88369,88371,88374,88376,88378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88363,102],{"class":101},[73,88365,106],{"class":105},[73,88367,88368],{"class":114},"object1",[73,88370,149],{"class":105},[73,88372,88373],{"class":114}," object2",[73,88375,149],{"class":105},[73,88377,199],{"class":101},[73,88379,854],{"class":105},[20,88381,79585],{},[30,88383,88384,88387,88390],{},[33,88385,88386],{},"one value",[33,88388,88389],{},"many values",[33,88391,88392],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88394,714],{},[64,88396,88398],{"className":66,"code":88397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88399,88400,88414,88433],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88401,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88403,102],{"class":101},[73,88405,106],{"class":105},[73,88407,384],{"class":87},[73,88409,57148],{"class":91},[73,88411,384],{"class":87},[73,88413,854],{"class":105},[73,88415,88416,88418,88420,88422,88425,88427,88429,88431],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88417,102],{"class":101},[73,88419,106],{"class":105},[73,88421,384],{"class":87},[73,88423,88424],{"class":91},"Score:",[73,88426,384],{"class":87},[73,88428,149],{"class":105},[73,88430,5592],{"class":315},[73,88432,854],{"class":105},[73,88434,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88436,102],{"class":101},[73,88438,106],{"class":105},[73,88440,384],{"class":87},[73,88442,44939],{"class":91},[73,88444,384],{"class":87},[73,88446,149],{"class":105},[73,88448,2047],{"class":315},[73,88450,2044],{"class":83},[73,88452,37015],{"class":315},[73,88454,854],{"class":105},[20,88456,1660],{},[64,88458,88460],{"className":66,"code":88459,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88461,88462,88466,88475],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88463,88464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88465,84738],{"class":79},[73,88467,88468,88471,88473],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88469,88470],{"class":79},"Score",[73,88472,2475],{"class":105},[73,88474,316],{"class":315},[73,88476,88477,88479,88481],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88478,44979],{"class":79},[73,88480,2475],{"class":105},[73,88482,316],{"class":315},[20,88484,88485],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[59,88487,88489],{"id":88488},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88491,88492,88493,817],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88494,45828],{},[292,88496,88498],{"id":88497},"print-text","Print text",[20,88500,88501],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[64,88503,88505],{"className":66,"code":88504,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88506,88507,88521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88508,88509,88511,88513,88515,88517,88519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88510,102],{"class":101},[73,88512,106],{"class":105},[73,88514,384],{"class":87},[73,88516,652],{"class":91},[73,88518,384],{"class":87},[73,88520,854],{"class":105},[73,88522,88523,88525,88527,88529,88532,88534],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88524,102],{"class":101},[73,88526,106],{"class":105},[73,88528,384],{"class":87},[73,88530,88531],{"class":91},"Python is fun",[73,88533,384],{"class":87},[73,88535,854],{"class":105},[292,88537,88539],{"id":88538},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88541,88542],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[64,88544,88546],{"className":66,"code":88545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88547,88548,88558],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88549,88550,88552,88554,88556],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88551,102],{"class":101},[73,88553,106],{"class":105},[73,88555,1727],{"class":315},[73,88557,854],{"class":105},[73,88559,88560,88562,88564,88566],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88561,102],{"class":101},[73,88563,106],{"class":105},[73,88565,39516],{"class":315},[73,88567,854],{"class":105},[292,88569,88571],{"id":88570},"print-variables","Print variables",[64,88573,88575],{"className":66,"code":88574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88576,88577,88585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88578,88579,88581,88583],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88580,4686],{"class":79},[73,88582,84],{"class":83},[73,88584,13728],{"class":315},[73,88586,88587,88589,88591,88593],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88588,102],{"class":101},[73,88590,106],{"class":105},[73,88592,84902],{"class":114},[73,88594,854],{"class":105},[292,88596,88598],{"id":88597},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[64,88600,88602],{"className":66,"code":88601,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88603,88604,88618],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88605,88606,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88607,102],{"class":101},[73,88609,106],{"class":105},[73,88611,1646],{"class":315},[73,88613,2044],{"class":83},[73,88615,414],{"class":315},[73,88617,854],{"class":105},[73,88619,88620,88622,88624,88626,88628,88630],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88621,102],{"class":101},[73,88623,106],{"class":105},[73,88625,1920],{"class":315},[73,88627,82214],{"class":83},[73,88629,2047],{"class":315},[73,88631,854],{"class":105},[20,88633,88634,88635,817],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[587,88636,50354],{"href":50353},[59,88638,88640],{"id":88639},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88642,88643,88645],{},[15,88644,45828],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88647,88648],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[64,88650,88652],{"className":66,"code":88651,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88653,88654,88667,88675,88679,88698],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88655,88656,88658,88660,88662,88665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88657,80],{"class":79},[73,88659,84],{"class":83},[73,88661,88],{"class":87},[73,88663,88664],{"class":91},"Ava",[73,88666,95],{"class":87},[73,88668,88669,88671,88673],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88670,21227],{"class":79},[73,88672,84],{"class":83},[73,88674,316],{"class":315},[73,88676,88677],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,88678,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,88680,88681,88683,88685,88687,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,88682,102],{"class":101},[73,88684,106],{"class":105},[73,88686,384],{"class":87},[73,88688,88689],{"class":91},"Name:",[73,88691,384],{"class":87},[73,88693,149],{"class":105},[73,88695,35361],{"class":114},[73,88697,854],{"class":105},[73,88699,88700,88702,88704,88706,88709,88711,88713,88715],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,88701,102],{"class":101},[73,88703,106],{"class":105},[73,88705,384],{"class":87},[73,88707,88708],{"class":91},"Age:",[73,88710,384],{"class":87},[73,88712,149],{"class":105},[73,88714,8780],{"class":114},[73,88716,854],{"class":105},[20,88718,1660],{},[64,88720,88722],{"className":66,"code":88721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88723,88724,88734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88725,88726,88729,88731],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88727,88728],{"class":79},"Name",[73,88730,2475],{"class":105},[73,88732,88733],{"class":79}," Ava\n",[73,88735,88736,88739,88741],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88737,88738],{"class":79},"Age",[73,88740,2475],{"class":105},[73,88742,316],{"class":315},[20,88744,88745,88746,817],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88747,1649],{},[20,88749,88750],{},"For example, this works:",[64,88752,88754],{"className":66,"code":88753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88755,88756,88764],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88757,88758,88760,88762],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88759,21227],{"class":79},[73,88761,84],{"class":83},[73,88763,316],{"class":315},[73,88765,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774,88776,88778,88780],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88767,102],{"class":101},[73,88769,106],{"class":105},[73,88771,384],{"class":87},[73,88773,88708],{"class":91},[73,88775,384],{"class":87},[73,88777,149],{"class":105},[73,88779,8780],{"class":114},[73,88781,854],{"class":105},[20,88783,36297],{},[64,88785,88787],{"className":66,"code":88786,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88788,88789,88797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88790,88791,88793,88795],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88792,21227],{"class":79},[73,88794,84],{"class":83},[73,88796,316],{"class":315},[73,88798,88799,88801,88803,88805,88808,88810,88812,88814],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88800,102],{"class":101},[73,88802,106],{"class":105},[73,88804,384],{"class":87},[73,88806,88807],{"class":91},"Age: ",[73,88809,384],{"class":87},[73,88811,2044],{"class":83},[73,88813,8780],{"class":114},[73,88815,854],{"class":105},[20,88817,88818,88819,88822,88823,88825,88826,88828,88829,817],{},"That fails because ",[15,88820,88821],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88824,8891],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88827,1649],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[587,88830,88831],{"href":41549},[15,88832,47060],{},[59,88834,88836],{"id":88835},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88838,88839,88841],{},[15,88840,45828],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,88843,88844,88850,88855,88860],{},[33,88845,88846,88849],{},[15,88847,88848],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,88851,88852,88854],{},[15,88853,52039],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,88856,88857,88859],{},[15,88858,86124],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,88861,88862,88865],{},[15,88863,88864],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88867,88868,88869,355,88871,817],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88870,88848],{},[15,88872,52039],{},[59,88874,88876,35986],{"id":88875},"sep-argument",[15,88877,88848],{},[20,88879,1569,88880,88882],{},[15,88881,88848],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88884,88885],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[292,88887,88889],{"id":88888},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[64,88891,88893],{"className":66,"code":88892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88894,88895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921,88923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88898,102],{"class":101},[73,88900,106],{"class":105},[73,88902,384],{"class":87},[73,88904,12690],{"class":91},[73,88906,384],{"class":87},[73,88908,149],{"class":105},[73,88910,88],{"class":87},[73,88912,17054],{"class":91},[73,88914,384],{"class":87},[73,88916,149],{"class":105},[73,88918,88],{"class":87},[73,88920,12707],{"class":91},[73,88922,384],{"class":87},[73,88924,854],{"class":105},[20,88926,1660],{},[64,88928,88930],{"className":66,"code":88929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red green blue\n",[15,88931,88932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88933,88934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88935,88929],{"class":79},[292,88937,88939],{"id":88938},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[64,88941,88943],{"className":66,"code":88942,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88944,88945,88988],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88946,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88948,102],{"class":101},[73,88950,106],{"class":105},[73,88952,384],{"class":87},[73,88954,12690],{"class":91},[73,88956,384],{"class":87},[73,88958,149],{"class":105},[73,88960,88],{"class":87},[73,88962,17054],{"class":91},[73,88964,384],{"class":87},[73,88966,149],{"class":105},[73,88968,88],{"class":87},[73,88970,12707],{"class":91},[73,88972,384],{"class":87},[73,88974,149],{"class":105},[73,88976,88977],{"class":8767}," sep",[73,88979,84],{"class":83},[73,88981,384],{"class":87},[73,88983,149],{"class":91},[73,88985,384],{"class":87},[73,88987,854],{"class":105},[73,88989,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016,89018,89020,89022,89024,89027,89029],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,88991,102],{"class":101},[73,88993,106],{"class":105},[73,88995,384],{"class":87},[73,88997,12690],{"class":91},[73,88999,384],{"class":87},[73,89001,149],{"class":105},[73,89003,88],{"class":87},[73,89005,17054],{"class":91},[73,89007,384],{"class":87},[73,89009,149],{"class":105},[73,89011,88],{"class":87},[73,89013,12707],{"class":91},[73,89015,384],{"class":87},[73,89017,149],{"class":105},[73,89019,88977],{"class":8767},[73,89021,84],{"class":83},[73,89023,384],{"class":87},[73,89025,89026],{"class":91}," - ",[73,89028,384],{"class":87},[73,89030,854],{"class":105},[20,89032,1660],{},[64,89034,89036],{"className":66,"code":89035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89037,89038,89050],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89039,89040,89042,89044,89046,89048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89041,12690],{"class":79},[73,89043,149],{"class":105},[73,89045,17054],{"class":79},[73,89047,149],{"class":105},[73,89049,69363],{"class":79},[73,89051,89052,89055,89057,89060,89062],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89053,89054],{"class":79},"red ",[73,89056,1611],{"class":83},[73,89058,89059],{"class":79}," green ",[73,89061,1611],{"class":83},[73,89063,35250],{"class":79},[20,89065,89066,89068],{},[15,89067,88848],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89070,89071,89072,817],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[587,89073,89075],{"href":89074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[59,89077,89079,35986],{"id":89078},"end-argument",[15,89080,52039],{},[20,89082,89083,89084,89086,89087,89089],{},"By default, ",[15,89085,45828],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89088,45828],{}," starts on a new line.",[292,89091,88889],{"id":89092},"default-behavior-1",[64,89094,89096],{"className":66,"code":89095,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89097,89098,89112],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89099,89100,89102,89104,89106,89108,89110],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89101,102],{"class":101},[73,89103,106],{"class":105},[73,89105,384],{"class":87},[73,89107,652],{"class":91},[73,89109,384],{"class":87},[73,89111,854],{"class":105},[73,89113,89114,89116,89118,89120,89123,89125],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89115,102],{"class":101},[73,89117,106],{"class":105},[73,89119,384],{"class":87},[73,89121,89122],{"class":91},"World",[73,89124,384],{"class":87},[73,89126,854],{"class":105},[20,89128,1660],{},[64,89130,89132],{"className":66,"code":89131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89133,89134,89138],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89135,89136],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89137,88331],{"class":79},[73,89139,89140],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89141,89142],{"class":79},"World\n",[292,89144,89146],{"id":89145},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[64,89148,89150],{"className":66,"code":89149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89151,89152,89174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89153,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89155,102],{"class":101},[73,89157,106],{"class":105},[73,89159,384],{"class":87},[73,89161,652],{"class":91},[73,89163,384],{"class":87},[73,89165,149],{"class":105},[73,89167,64422],{"class":8767},[73,89169,84],{"class":83},[73,89171,5860],{"class":87},[73,89173,854],{"class":105},[73,89175,89176,89178,89180,89182,89184,89186],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89177,102],{"class":101},[73,89179,106],{"class":105},[73,89181,384],{"class":87},[73,89183,89122],{"class":91},[73,89185,384],{"class":87},[73,89187,854],{"class":105},[20,89189,1660],{},[64,89191,89193],{"className":66,"code":89192,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89194,89195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89196,89197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89198,89192],{"class":79},[292,89200,89202],{"id":89201},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[64,89204,89206],{"className":66,"code":89205,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89207,89208,89237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89209,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89231,89233,89235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89211,102],{"class":101},[73,89213,106],{"class":105},[73,89215,384],{"class":87},[73,89217,652],{"class":91},[73,89219,384],{"class":87},[73,89221,149],{"class":105},[73,89223,64422],{"class":8767},[73,89225,84],{"class":83},[73,89227,384],{"class":87},[73,89229,89230],{"class":91},"!",[73,89232,86535],{"class":198},[73,89234,384],{"class":87},[73,89236,854],{"class":105},[73,89238,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247,89249],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89240,102],{"class":101},[73,89242,106],{"class":105},[73,89244,384],{"class":87},[73,89246,89122],{"class":91},[73,89248,384],{"class":87},[73,89250,854],{"class":105},[20,89252,1660],{},[64,89254,89256],{"className":66,"code":89255,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89257,89258,89263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89259,89260],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89261,89262],{"class":79},"Hello!\n",[73,89264,89265],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89266,89142],{"class":79},[20,89268,1569,89269,89271],{},[15,89270,52039],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89273,89274,89277,89280],{},[33,89275,89276],{},"progress messages",[33,89278,89279],{},"inline output",[33,89281,89282],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[59,89284,89286,1987,89288],{"id":89285},"print-returns-none",[15,89287,45828],{},[15,89289,3364],{},[20,89291,89292,89293,89295],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89294,45828],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89297,714],{},[64,89299,89301],{"className":66,"code":89300,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89302,89303,89323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89304,89305,89307,89309,89312,89314,89316,89319,89321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89306,1819],{"class":79},[73,89308,84],{"class":83},[73,89310,89311],{"class":101}," print",[73,89313,106],{"class":105},[73,89315,384],{"class":87},[73,89317,89318],{"class":91},"Hi",[73,89320,384],{"class":87},[73,89322,854],{"class":105},[73,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89326,102],{"class":101},[73,89328,106],{"class":105},[73,89330,1854],{"class":114},[73,89332,854],{"class":105},[20,89334,1660],{},[64,89336,89338],{"className":66,"code":89337,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89339,89340,89345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89341,89342],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89343,89344],{"class":79},"Hi\n",[73,89346,89347],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89348,11403],{"class":3438},[20,89350,89351],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89353,89354,89362,89367],{},[33,89355,89356,89359,89360],{},[15,89357,89358],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89361,89318],{},[33,89363,89364,89365],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89366,3364],{},[33,89368,89369,89370,11515,89372],{},"so ",[15,89371,1854],{},[15,89373,3364],{},[20,89375,89376,89377,89379],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89378,45828],{}," call.",[64,89381,89383],{"className":66,"code":89382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89384,89385,89398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89386,89387,89390,89392,89394,89396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89388,89389],{"class":79},"message ",[73,89391,84],{"class":83},[73,89393,88],{"class":87},[73,89395,89318],{"class":91},[73,89397,95],{"class":87},[73,89399,89400,89402,89404,89407],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89401,102],{"class":101},[73,89403,106],{"class":105},[73,89405,89406],{"class":114},"message",[73,89408,854],{"class":105},[20,89410,89411,89412,89414,89415,89419],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89413,45828],{}," with functions like ",[587,89416,89417],{"href":7810},[15,89418,2549],{},", which do return a value.",[59,89421,89423,89424],{"id":89422},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89425,45828],{},[20,89427,89428,89429,89431],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89430,45828],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89433,89434,89437,89440,89443],{},[33,89435,89436],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89438,89439],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89441,89442],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89444,89445],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89447,714],{},[64,89449,89451],{"className":66,"code":89450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89452,89453,89461,89465,89485,89496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89454,89455,89457,89459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89456,40556],{"class":79},[73,89458,84],{"class":83},[73,89460,37885],{"class":315},[73,89462,89463],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89464,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,89466,89467,89469,89471,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,89468,5545],{"class":646},[73,89470,5975],{"class":79},[73,89472,3469],{"class":646},[73,89474,53449],{"class":101},[73,89476,106],{"class":105},[73,89478,404],{"class":315},[73,89480,149],{"class":105},[73,89482,2047],{"class":315},[73,89484,7933],{"class":105},[73,89486,89487,89490,89493],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,89488,89489],{"class":79},"    total ",[73,89491,89492],{"class":83},"+=",[73,89494,89495],{"class":79}," number\n",[73,89497,89498,89500,89502,89504,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523,89525],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,89499,7659],{"class":101},[73,89501,106],{"class":105},[73,89503,384],{"class":87},[73,89505,89506],{"class":91},"Current number:",[73,89508,384],{"class":87},[73,89510,149],{"class":105},[73,89512,1786],{"class":114},[73,89514,149],{"class":105},[73,89516,88],{"class":87},[73,89518,44939],{"class":91},[73,89520,384],{"class":87},[73,89522,149],{"class":105},[73,89524,44946],{"class":114},[73,89526,854],{"class":105},[20,89528,1660],{},[64,89530,89532],{"className":66,"code":89531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89533,89534,89550,89564],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89535,89536,89539,89541,89543,89546,89548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89537,89538],{"class":79},"Current number",[73,89540,2475],{"class":105},[73,89542,5084],{"class":315},[73,89544,89545],{"class":79}," Total",[73,89547,2475],{"class":105},[73,89549,29212],{"class":315},[73,89551,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89553,89538],{"class":79},[73,89555,2475],{"class":105},[73,89557,409],{"class":315},[73,89559,89545],{"class":79},[73,89561,2475],{"class":105},[73,89563,2168],{"class":315},[73,89565,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,89567,89538],{"class":79},[73,89569,2475],{"class":105},[73,89571,414],{"class":315},[73,89573,89545],{"class":79},[73,89575,2475],{"class":105},[73,89577,89578],{"class":315}," 6\n",[20,89580,89581,89582,817],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[587,89583,89585],{"href":89584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[59,89587,1207],{"id":1206},[20,89589,89590,89591,817],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89592,45828],{},[292,89594,89596],{"id":89595},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89598,89599],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[64,89601,89603],{"className":66,"code":89602,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89604,89605],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89606,89607,89609,89611,89613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89608,102],{"class":101},[73,89610,106],{"class":105},[73,89612,652],{"class":114},[73,89614,854],{"class":105},[20,89616,8466,89617,89619],{},[15,89618,652],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89621,10400],{},[64,89623,89625],{"className":66,"code":89624,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89626,89627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89628,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637,89639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89630,102],{"class":101},[73,89632,106],{"class":105},[73,89634,384],{"class":87},[73,89636,652],{"class":91},[73,89638,384],{"class":87},[73,89640,854],{"class":105},[292,89642,438,89644,89646],{"id":89643},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89645,102],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89648,89649],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[64,89651,89653],{"className":66,"code":89652,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89654,89655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89656,89657,89659,89661,89663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89658,102],{"class":101},[73,89660,88],{"class":87},[73,89662,652],{"class":91},[73,89664,95],{"class":87},[20,89666,10400],{},[64,89668,89669],{"className":66,"code":89624,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,89670,89671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89672,89673,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89674,102],{"class":101},[73,89676,106],{"class":105},[73,89678,384],{"class":87},[73,89680,652],{"class":91},[73,89682,384],{"class":87},[73,89684,854],{"class":105},[292,89686,89688,89689],{"id":89687},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89690,1649],{},[20,89692,89693,89694,817],{},"This causes a ",[15,89695,2594],{},[64,89697,89698],{"className":66,"code":88786,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,89699,89700,89708],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89701,89702,89704,89706],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89703,21227],{"class":79},[73,89705,84],{"class":83},[73,89707,316],{"class":315},[73,89709,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89711,102],{"class":101},[73,89713,106],{"class":105},[73,89715,384],{"class":87},[73,89717,88807],{"class":91},[73,89719,384],{"class":87},[73,89721,2044],{"class":83},[73,89723,8780],{"class":114},[73,89725,854],{"class":105},[20,89727,89728],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[64,89730,89732],{"className":66,"code":89731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89733,89734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89735,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89737,102],{"class":101},[73,89739,106],{"class":105},[73,89741,384],{"class":87},[73,89743,88708],{"class":91},[73,89745,384],{"class":87},[73,89747,149],{"class":105},[73,89749,8780],{"class":114},[73,89751,854],{"class":105},[20,89753,89754],{},"Or convert the number first:",[64,89756,89758],{"className":66,"code":89757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89759,89760],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89761,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772,89774,89776,89778,89780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89763,102],{"class":101},[73,89765,106],{"class":105},[73,89767,384],{"class":87},[73,89769,88807],{"class":91},[73,89771,384],{"class":87},[73,89773,2044],{"class":83},[73,89775,48281],{"class":1270},[73,89777,106],{"class":105},[73,89779,8891],{"class":114},[73,89781,118],{"class":105},[20,89783,89784,89785,817],{},"If you see this error, read ",[587,89786,89788],{"href":89787},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[292,89790,8044,89792,89794],{"id":89791},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89793,45828],{}," to return a value",[20,89796,89797,89798,1132,89801,2475],{},"This does not store ",[15,89799,89800],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89802,1854],{},[64,89804,89806],{"className":66,"code":89805,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89807,89808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89809,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89811,1819],{"class":79},[73,89813,84],{"class":83},[73,89815,89311],{"class":101},[73,89817,106],{"class":105},[73,89819,384],{"class":87},[73,89821,652],{"class":91},[73,89823,384],{"class":87},[73,89825,854],{"class":105},[20,89827,89828,89829,817],{},"It stores ",[15,89830,3364],{},[292,89832,89834,89835,355,89837],{"id":89833},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89836,88848],{},[15,89838,52039],{},[20,89840,85194],{},[30,89842,89843,89852],{},[33,89844,89845,89847,89848,89851],{},[15,89846,88848],{}," changes what goes ",[55,89849,89850],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,89853,89854,89856,89857,89860],{},[15,89855,52039],{}," changes what appears ",[55,89858,89859],{},"after"," the output",[59,89862,89864],{"id":89863},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89866,89867,89868,89870],{},"These simple ",[15,89869,45828],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[64,89872,89874],{"className":66,"code":89873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89875,89876,89896,89911],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89877,89878,89880,89882,89884,89887,89889,89891,89894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89879,102],{"class":101},[73,89881,106],{"class":105},[73,89883,384],{"class":87},[73,89885,89886],{"class":91},"Debug:",[73,89888,384],{"class":87},[73,89890,149],{"class":105},[73,89892,89893],{"class":114}," variable_name",[73,89895,854],{"class":105},[73,89897,89898,89900,89902,89904,89906,89909],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,89899,102],{"class":101},[73,89901,106],{"class":105},[73,89903,1271],{"class":1270},[73,89905,106],{"class":105},[73,89907,89908],{"class":114},"variable_name",[73,89910,118],{"class":105},[73,89912,89913,89915,89917,89919],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,89914,842],{"class":101},[73,89916,106],{"class":105},[73,89918,102],{"class":101},[73,89920,854],{"class":105},[20,89922,89923],{},"What they do:",[30,89925,89926,89932,89938],{},[33,89927,89928,89931],{},[15,89929,89930],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,89933,89934,89937],{},[15,89935,89936],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,89939,89940,89943,89944],{},[15,89941,89942],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89945,45828],{},[59,89947,1405],{"id":1404},[292,89949,12300,89951,89953],{"id":89950},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89952,45828],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89955,89956,89957,89959,89960,35992],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89958,45828],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89961,52039],{},[292,89963,1446,89965,89967],{"id":89964},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89966,45828],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89969,89970,89971,89973],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89972,45828],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[292,89975,4747,89977,4750,89980,1424],{"id":89976},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89978,89979],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89981,3364],{},[20,89983,28658,89984,89986],{},[15,89985,45828],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[292,89988,89990],{"id":89989},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89992,89993],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[64,89995,89997],{"className":66,"code":89996,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89998,89999],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90000,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90013,90015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90002,102],{"class":101},[73,90004,106],{"class":105},[73,90006,384],{"class":87},[73,90008,88708],{"class":91},[73,90010,384],{"class":87},[73,90012,149],{"class":105},[73,90014,5592],{"class":315},[73,90016,854],{"class":105},[20,90018,90019,90020,39302],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90021,47060],{},[292,90023,1419,90025,355,90027,1424],{"id":90024},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90026,88848],{},[15,90028,52039],{},[30,90030,90031,90036],{},[33,90032,90033,90035],{},[15,90034,88848],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90037,90038,90040],{},[15,90039,52039],{}," changes what appears after the output",[59,90042,1461],{"id":1460},[30,90044,90045,90049,90055,90061,90066,90071],{},[33,90046,90047],{},[587,90048,50354],{"href":50353},[33,90050,90051],{},[587,90052,13,90053,1470],{"href":7810},[15,90054,2549],{},[33,90056,90057],{},[587,90058,13,90059,1470],{"href":41549},[15,90060,47060],{},[33,90062,90063],{},[587,90064,90065],{"href":89074},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90067,90068],{},[587,90069,90070],{"href":89584},"How to debug Python code",[33,90072,90073],{},[587,90074,89788],{"href":89787},[1500,90076,90077],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":90079},[90080,90081,90083,90084,90090,90091,90092,90097,90103,90105,90107,90118,90119,90130],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":88252,"depth":98,"text":90082},"What print() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":88488,"depth":98,"text":88489,"children":90085},[90086,90087,90088,90089],{"id":88497,"depth":332,"text":88498},{"id":88538,"depth":332,"text":88539},{"id":88570,"depth":332,"text":88571},{"id":88597,"depth":332,"text":88598},{"id":88639,"depth":98,"text":88640},{"id":88835,"depth":98,"text":88836},{"id":88875,"depth":98,"text":90093,"children":90094},"sep argument",[90095,90096],{"id":88888,"depth":332,"text":88889},{"id":88938,"depth":332,"text":88939},{"id":89078,"depth":98,"text":90098,"children":90099},"end argument",[90100,90101,90102],{"id":89092,"depth":332,"text":88889},{"id":89145,"depth":332,"text":89146},{"id":89201,"depth":332,"text":89202},{"id":89285,"depth":98,"text":90104},"print() returns None",{"id":89422,"depth":98,"text":90106},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":90108},[90109,90110,90112,90114,90116],{"id":89595,"depth":332,"text":89596},{"id":89643,"depth":332,"text":90111},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89687,"depth":332,"text":90113},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89791,"depth":332,"text":90115},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89833,"depth":332,"text":90117},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89863,"depth":98,"text":89864},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":90120},[90121,90123,90125,90127,90128],{"id":89950,"depth":332,"text":90122},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89964,"depth":332,"text":90124},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89976,"depth":332,"text":90126},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89989,"depth":332,"text":89990},{"id":90024,"depth":332,"text":90129},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88135,"description":90131},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90138,"title":90139,"body":90140,"description":92444,"extension":1552,"meta":92445,"navigation":335,"path":92446,"seo":92447,"stem":92448,"__hash__":92449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90141,"toc":92390},[90142,90147,90152,90165,90167,90232,90243,90248,90253,90255,90278,90281,90312,90314,90331,90336,90342,90347,90396,90399,90416,90422,90427,90450,90452,90480,90486,90494,90521,90523,90548,90554,90557,90588,90590,90619,90623,90626,90631,90653,90655,90683,90689,90695,90721,90723,90747,90753,90759,90789,90791,90819,90829,90833,90839,90872,90874,90903,90906,90909,90942,90944,90952,90958,90960,90983,90988,90997,91002,91016,91018,91058,91060,91090,91094,91129,91135,91139,91183,91185,91215,91221,91224,91303,91305,91327,91335,91338,91401,91409,91484,91490,91497,91502,91507,91530,91532,91553,91555,91568,91570,91617,91619,91658,91667,91669,91673,91677,91680,91707,91710,91739,91742,91766,91769,91777,91783,91805,91807,91835,91839,91844,91899,91904,91906,91963,91970,91979,91982,92014,92016,92024,92027,92033,92035,92058,92061,92067,92070,92089,92091,92110,92113,92135,92137,92165,92169,92173,92278,92280,92293,92295,92301,92304,92312,92317,92323,92329,92334,92342,92348,92355,92357,92387],[10,90143,13,90145,18],{"id":90144},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90146,35568],{},[20,90148,22,90149,90151],{},[15,90150,35568],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90153,90154,90155,90157,90158,90160,90161,90164],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90156,5545],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90159,35568],{}," stops ",[55,90162,90163],{},"before"," the end value.",[59,90166,62],{"id":61},[64,90168,90170],{"className":66,"code":90169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90171,90172,90188,90198,90202,90207,90212,90217,90222,90227],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90173,90174,90176,90178,90180,90182,90184,90186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90175,5545],{"class":646},[73,90177,68930],{"class":79},[73,90179,3469],{"class":646},[73,90181,53449],{"class":101},[73,90183,106],{"class":105},[73,90185,1727],{"class":315},[73,90187,7933],{"class":105},[73,90189,90190,90192,90194,90196],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,90191,7659],{"class":101},[73,90193,106],{"class":105},[73,90195,35524],{"class":114},[73,90197,854],{"class":105},[73,90199,90200],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,90201,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,90203,90204],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,90205,90206],{"class":3249},"# Output:\n",[73,90208,90209],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,90210,90211],{"class":3249},"# 0\n",[73,90213,90214],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,90215,90216],{"class":3249},"# 1\n",[73,90218,90219],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,90220,90221],{"class":3249},"# 2\n",[73,90223,90224],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,90225,90226],{"class":3249},"# 3\n",[73,90228,90229],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,90230,90231],{"class":3249},"# 4\n",[20,90233,90234,90237,90238,90240,90241,817],{},[15,90235,90236],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90239,1710],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90242,1727],{},[59,90244,236,90246,239],{"id":90245},"what-range-does",[15,90247,35568],{},[20,90249,90250,90252],{},[15,90251,35568],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90254,12649],{},[30,90256,90257,90262,90268,90273],{},[33,90258,90259,90261],{},[15,90260,35568],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90263,90264,90265,90267],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90266,5545],{}," loops",[33,90269,90270,90271],{},"The stop value is ",[55,90272,64451],{},[33,90274,17020,90275,90277],{},[15,90276,59379],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90279,90280],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[64,90282,90284],{"className":66,"code":90283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90285,90286,90302],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90287,90288,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90289,5545],{"class":646},[73,90291,5975],{"class":79},[73,90293,3469],{"class":646},[73,90295,53449],{"class":101},[73,90297,106],{"class":105},[73,90299,1652],{"class":315},[73,90301,7933],{"class":105},[73,90303,90304,90306,90308,90310],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,90305,7659],{"class":101},[73,90307,106],{"class":105},[73,90309,1829],{"class":114},[73,90311,854],{"class":105},[20,90313,1660],{},[64,90315,90317],{"className":66,"code":90316,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90318,90319,90323,90327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90320,90321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90322,46628],{"class":315},[73,90324,90325],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,90326,46293],{"class":315},[73,90328,90329],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,90330,16655],{"class":315},[20,90332,90333,90334,817],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[587,90335,35398],{"href":35397},[59,90337,90339,90341],{"id":90338},"range-syntax",[15,90340,35568],{}," syntax",[20,90343,90344,90346],{},[15,90345,35568],{}," has three common forms:",[64,90348,90350],{"className":66,"code":90349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90351,90352,90362,90377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90353,90354,90356,90358,90360],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90355,59379],{"class":101},[73,90357,106],{"class":105},[73,90359,74808],{"class":114},[73,90361,854],{"class":105},[73,90363,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90375],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,90365,59379],{"class":101},[73,90367,106],{"class":105},[73,90369,35442],{"class":114},[73,90371,149],{"class":105},[73,90373,90374],{"class":114}," stop",[73,90376,854],{"class":105},[73,90378,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391,90394],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,90380,59379],{"class":101},[73,90382,106],{"class":105},[73,90384,35442],{"class":114},[73,90386,149],{"class":105},[73,90388,90374],{"class":114},[73,90390,149],{"class":105},[73,90392,90393],{"class":114}," step",[73,90395,854],{"class":105},[20,90397,90398],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90400,90401,90406,90411],{},[33,90402,90403,90405],{},[15,90404,35442],{}," = first number",[33,90407,90408,90410],{},[15,90409,74808],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90412,90413,90415],{},[15,90414,74811],{}," = amount to move each time",[292,90417,90419],{"id":90418},"rangestop",[15,90420,90421],{},"range(stop)",[20,90423,90424,90425,817],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90426,1710],{},[64,90428,90430],{"className":66,"code":90429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90431,90432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90433,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444,90446,90448],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90435,102],{"class":101},[73,90437,106],{"class":105},[73,90439,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90441,106],{"class":105},[73,90443,59379],{"class":101},[73,90445,106],{"class":105},[73,90447,1727],{"class":315},[73,90449,2503],{"class":105},[20,90451,1660],{},[64,90453,90454],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90455,90456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90457,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90459,138],{"class":105},[73,90461,1710],{"class":315},[73,90463,149],{"class":105},[73,90465,5084],{"class":315},[73,90467,149],{"class":105},[73,90469,409],{"class":315},[73,90471,149],{"class":105},[73,90473,414],{"class":315},[73,90475,149],{"class":105},[73,90477,2047],{"class":315},[73,90479,229],{"class":105},[292,90481,90483],{"id":90482},"rangestart-stop",[15,90484,90485],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90487,90488,90489,90491,90492,817],{},"This starts at ",[15,90490,35442],{}," and stops before ",[15,90493,74808],{},[64,90495,90497],{"className":66,"code":90496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90498,90499],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90500,90501,90503,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90502,102],{"class":101},[73,90504,106],{"class":105},[73,90506,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90508,106],{"class":105},[73,90510,59379],{"class":101},[73,90512,106],{"class":105},[73,90514,1646],{"class":315},[73,90516,149],{"class":105},[73,90518,37015],{"class":315},[73,90520,2503],{"class":105},[20,90522,1660],{},[64,90524,90526],{"className":66,"code":90525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90527,90528],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90529,90530,90532,90534,90536,90538,90540,90542,90544,90546],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90531,138],{"class":105},[73,90533,1646],{"class":315},[73,90535,149],{"class":105},[73,90537,414],{"class":315},[73,90539,149],{"class":105},[73,90541,2047],{"class":315},[73,90543,149],{"class":105},[73,90545,4194],{"class":315},[73,90547,229],{"class":105},[292,90549,90551],{"id":90550},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90552,90553],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90555,90556],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[64,90558,90560],{"className":66,"code":90559,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90561,90562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90563,90564,90566,90568,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90565,102],{"class":101},[73,90567,106],{"class":105},[73,90569,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90571,106],{"class":105},[73,90573,59379],{"class":101},[73,90575,106],{"class":105},[73,90577,404],{"class":315},[73,90579,149],{"class":105},[73,90581,5592],{"class":315},[73,90583,149],{"class":105},[73,90585,409],{"class":315},[73,90587,2503],{"class":105},[20,90589,1660],{},[64,90591,90593],{"className":66,"code":90592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90594,90595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90596,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90598,138],{"class":105},[73,90600,404],{"class":315},[73,90602,149],{"class":105},[73,90604,414],{"class":315},[73,90606,149],{"class":105},[73,90608,4194],{"class":315},[73,90610,149],{"class":105},[73,90612,5581],{"class":315},[73,90614,149],{"class":105},[73,90616,53515],{"class":315},[73,90618,229],{"class":105},[59,90620,90622],{"id":90621},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90624,90625],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[292,90627,90629],{"id":90628},"range5",[15,90630,90236],{},[64,90632,90633],{"className":66,"code":90429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90634,90635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90636,90637,90639,90641,90643,90645,90647,90649,90651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90638,102],{"class":101},[73,90640,106],{"class":105},[73,90642,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90644,106],{"class":105},[73,90646,59379],{"class":101},[73,90648,106],{"class":105},[73,90650,1727],{"class":315},[73,90652,2503],{"class":105},[20,90654,1660],{},[64,90656,90657],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90658,90659],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90660,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90662,138],{"class":105},[73,90664,1710],{"class":315},[73,90666,149],{"class":105},[73,90668,5084],{"class":315},[73,90670,149],{"class":105},[73,90672,409],{"class":315},[73,90674,149],{"class":105},[73,90676,414],{"class":315},[73,90678,149],{"class":105},[73,90680,2047],{"class":315},[73,90682,229],{"class":105},[20,90684,90488,90685,90491,90687,817],{},[15,90686,1710],{},[15,90688,1727],{},[292,90690,90692],{"id":90691},"range2-6",[15,90693,90694],{},"range(2, 6)",[64,90696,90697],{"className":66,"code":90496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90698,90699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90700,90701,90703,90705,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90702,102],{"class":101},[73,90704,106],{"class":105},[73,90706,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90708,106],{"class":105},[73,90710,59379],{"class":101},[73,90712,106],{"class":105},[73,90714,1646],{"class":315},[73,90716,149],{"class":105},[73,90718,37015],{"class":315},[73,90720,2503],{"class":105},[20,90722,1660],{},[64,90724,90725],{"className":66,"code":90525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90726,90727],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90728,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90730,138],{"class":105},[73,90732,1646],{"class":315},[73,90734,149],{"class":105},[73,90736,414],{"class":315},[73,90738,149],{"class":105},[73,90740,2047],{"class":315},[73,90742,149],{"class":105},[73,90744,4194],{"class":315},[73,90746,229],{"class":105},[20,90748,90488,90749,90491,90751,817],{},[15,90750,1646],{},[15,90752,79976],{},[292,90754,90756],{"id":90755},"range1-10-2",[15,90757,90758],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[64,90760,90761],{"className":66,"code":90559,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90762,90763],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90764,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90766,102],{"class":101},[73,90768,106],{"class":105},[73,90770,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90772,106],{"class":105},[73,90774,59379],{"class":101},[73,90776,106],{"class":105},[73,90778,404],{"class":315},[73,90780,149],{"class":105},[73,90782,5592],{"class":315},[73,90784,149],{"class":105},[73,90786,409],{"class":315},[73,90788,2503],{"class":105},[20,90790,1660],{},[64,90792,90793],{"className":66,"code":90592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90794,90795],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90796,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90798,138],{"class":105},[73,90800,404],{"class":315},[73,90802,149],{"class":105},[73,90804,414],{"class":315},[73,90806,149],{"class":105},[73,90808,4194],{"class":315},[73,90810,149],{"class":105},[73,90812,5581],{"class":315},[73,90814,149],{"class":105},[73,90816,53515],{"class":315},[73,90818,229],{"class":105},[20,90820,90821,90822,90824,90825,60682,90827,817],{},"This moves by ",[15,90823,1646],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90826,404],{},[15,90828,1735],{},[292,90830,90832],{"id":90831},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90834,90835,90836,90838],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90837,35568],{}," count backward.",[64,90840,90842],{"className":66,"code":90841,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90843,90844],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90845,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90847,102],{"class":101},[73,90849,106],{"class":105},[73,90851,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90853,106],{"class":105},[73,90855,59379],{"class":101},[73,90857,106],{"class":105},[73,90859,1727],{"class":315},[73,90861,149],{"class":105},[73,90863,3420],{"class":315},[73,90865,149],{"class":105},[73,90867,1811],{"class":83},[73,90869,404],{"class":315},[73,90871,2503],{"class":105},[20,90873,1660],{},[64,90875,90877],{"className":66,"code":90876,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90878,90879],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90880,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90882,138],{"class":105},[73,90884,1727],{"class":315},[73,90886,149],{"class":105},[73,90888,2047],{"class":315},[73,90890,149],{"class":105},[73,90892,414],{"class":315},[73,90894,149],{"class":105},[73,90896,409],{"class":315},[73,90898,149],{"class":105},[73,90900,5084],{"class":315},[73,90902,229],{"class":105},[20,90904,90905],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90907,90908],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[64,90910,90912],{"className":66,"code":90911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90913,90914],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90915,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90917,102],{"class":101},[73,90919,106],{"class":105},[73,90921,7684],{"class":1270},[73,90923,106],{"class":105},[73,90925,59379],{"class":101},[73,90927,106],{"class":105},[73,90929,404],{"class":315},[73,90931,149],{"class":105},[73,90933,4194],{"class":315},[73,90935,149],{"class":105},[73,90937,1811],{"class":83},[73,90939,404],{"class":315},[73,90941,2503],{"class":105},[20,90943,1660],{},[64,90945,90946],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90947,90948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90949,90950],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90951,37669],{"class":105},[292,90953,90954,75971,90956],{"id":76195},[15,90955,74811],{},[15,90957,1710],{},[20,90959,2426],{},[64,90961,90963],{"className":66,"code":90962,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90964,90965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90966,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90968,59379],{"class":101},[73,90970,106],{"class":105},[73,90972,404],{"class":315},[73,90974,149],{"class":105},[73,90976,4194],{"class":315},[73,90978,149],{"class":105},[73,90980,3420],{"class":315},[73,90982,854],{"class":105},[20,90984,76240,90985,90987],{},[15,90986,40077],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[59,90989,438,90991,90993,90994,90996],{"id":90990},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90992,35568],{}," in a ",[15,90995,5545],{}," loop",[20,90998,90999,91001],{},[15,91000,35568],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91003,91004,91007,91010],{},[33,91005,91006],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91008,91009],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91011,91012,91013],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91014,91015],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91017,714],{},[64,91019,91021],{"className":66,"code":91020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91022,91023,91039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91024,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91026,5545],{"class":646},[73,91028,68930],{"class":79},[73,91030,3469],{"class":646},[73,91032,53449],{"class":101},[73,91034,106],{"class":105},[73,91036,1652],{"class":315},[73,91038,7933],{"class":105},[73,91040,91041,91043,91045,91047,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91042,7659],{"class":101},[73,91044,106],{"class":105},[73,91046,384],{"class":87},[73,91048,91049],{"class":91},"Loop number:",[73,91051,384],{"class":87},[73,91053,149],{"class":105},[73,91055,35499],{"class":114},[73,91057,854],{"class":105},[20,91059,1660],{},[64,91061,91063],{"className":66,"code":91062,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91064,91065,91074,91082],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91066,91067,91070,91072],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91068,91069],{"class":79},"Loop number",[73,91071,2475],{"class":105},[73,91073,37885],{"class":315},[73,91075,91076,91078,91080],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91077,91069],{"class":79},[73,91079,2475],{"class":105},[73,91081,29212],{"class":315},[73,91083,91084,91086,91088],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91085,91069],{"class":79},[73,91087,2475],{"class":105},[73,91089,44965],{"class":315},[292,91091,91093],{"id":91092},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[64,91095,91097],{"className":66,"code":91096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91098,91099,91115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91100,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91102,5545],{"class":646},[73,91104,68930],{"class":79},[73,91106,3469],{"class":646},[73,91108,53449],{"class":101},[73,91110,106],{"class":105},[73,91112,1727],{"class":315},[73,91114,7933],{"class":105},[73,91116,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91118,7659],{"class":101},[73,91120,106],{"class":105},[73,91122,384],{"class":87},[73,91124,652],{"class":91},[73,91126,384],{"class":87},[73,91128,854],{"class":105},[20,91130,91131,91132,91134],{},"This prints ",[15,91133,89800],{}," five times.",[292,91136,91138],{"id":91137},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[64,91140,91142],{"className":66,"code":91141,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91143,91144,91164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91145,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91147,5545],{"class":646},[73,91149,68930],{"class":79},[73,91151,3469],{"class":646},[73,91153,53449],{"class":101},[73,91155,106],{"class":105},[73,91157,404],{"class":315},[73,91159,149],{"class":105},[73,91161,2047],{"class":315},[73,91163,7933],{"class":105},[73,91165,91166,91168,91170,91172,91175,91177,91179,91181],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91167,7659],{"class":101},[73,91169,106],{"class":105},[73,91171,384],{"class":87},[73,91173,91174],{"class":91},"Current number is",[73,91176,384],{"class":87},[73,91178,149],{"class":105},[73,91180,35499],{"class":114},[73,91182,854],{"class":105},[20,91184,1660],{},[64,91186,91188],{"className":66,"code":91187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91189,91190,91199,91207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91191,91192,91195,91197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91193,91194],{"class":79},"Current number ",[73,91196,11789],{"class":83},[73,91198,29212],{"class":315},[73,91200,91201,91203,91205],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91202,91194],{"class":79},[73,91204,11789],{"class":83},[73,91206,44965],{"class":315},[73,91208,91209,91211,91213],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91210,91194],{"class":79},[73,91212,11789],{"class":83},[73,91214,2168],{"class":315},[292,91216,91218,91220],{"id":91217},"range-and-indexing",[15,91219,35568],{}," and indexing",[20,91222,91223],{},"You may see code like this:",[64,91225,91227],{"className":66,"code":91226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91228,91229,91261,91265,91285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91230,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91232,7369],{"class":79},[73,91234,84],{"class":83},[73,91236,528],{"class":105},[73,91238,384],{"class":87},[73,91240,587],{"class":91},[73,91242,384],{"class":87},[73,91244,149],{"class":105},[73,91246,88],{"class":87},[73,91248,4350],{"class":91},[73,91250,384],{"class":87},[73,91252,149],{"class":105},[73,91254,88],{"class":87},[73,91256,9332],{"class":91},[73,91258,384],{"class":87},[73,91260,229],{"class":105},[73,91262,91263],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91264,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91266,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91268,5545],{"class":646},[73,91270,68930],{"class":79},[73,91272,3469],{"class":646},[73,91274,53449],{"class":101},[73,91276,106],{"class":105},[73,91278,10755],{"class":101},[73,91280,106],{"class":105},[73,91282,7400],{"class":114},[73,91284,68945],{"class":105},[73,91286,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91288,7659],{"class":101},[73,91290,106],{"class":105},[73,91292,35524],{"class":114},[73,91294,149],{"class":105},[73,91296,5553],{"class":114},[73,91298,138],{"class":105},[73,91300,35524],{"class":114},[73,91302,3475],{"class":105},[20,91304,1660],{},[64,91306,91307],{"className":66,"code":35536,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91308,91309,91315,91321],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91310,91311,91313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91312,1710],{"class":315},[73,91314,35545],{"class":79},[73,91316,91317,91319],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91318,404],{"class":315},[73,91320,35552],{"class":79},[73,91322,91323,91325],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91324,1646],{"class":315},[73,91326,35559],{"class":79},[20,91328,91329,91330,91334],{},"This works, and it uses ",[587,91331,91332],{"href":41732},[15,91333,41735],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91336,91337],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[64,91339,91341],{"className":66,"code":91340,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91342,91343,91375,91379,91391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91344,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91346,7369],{"class":79},[73,91348,84],{"class":83},[73,91350,528],{"class":105},[73,91352,384],{"class":87},[73,91354,587],{"class":91},[73,91356,384],{"class":87},[73,91358,149],{"class":105},[73,91360,88],{"class":87},[73,91362,4350],{"class":91},[73,91364,384],{"class":87},[73,91366,149],{"class":105},[73,91368,88],{"class":87},[73,91370,9332],{"class":91},[73,91372,384],{"class":87},[73,91374,229],{"class":105},[73,91376,91377],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91378,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91380,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91382,5545],{"class":646},[73,91384,5548],{"class":79},[73,91386,3469],{"class":646},[73,91388,5553],{"class":79},[73,91390,5982],{"class":105},[73,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91394,7659],{"class":101},[73,91396,106],{"class":105},[73,91398,22910],{"class":114},[73,91400,854],{"class":105},[20,91402,35963,91403,91408],{},[587,91404,91406],{"href":91405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91407,35118],{}," is usually a better choice:",[64,91410,91412],{"className":66,"code":91411,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91413,91414,91446,91450,91470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91415,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91417,7369],{"class":79},[73,91419,84],{"class":83},[73,91421,528],{"class":105},[73,91423,384],{"class":87},[73,91425,587],{"class":91},[73,91427,384],{"class":87},[73,91429,149],{"class":105},[73,91431,88],{"class":87},[73,91433,4350],{"class":91},[73,91435,384],{"class":87},[73,91437,149],{"class":105},[73,91439,88],{"class":87},[73,91441,9332],{"class":91},[73,91443,384],{"class":87},[73,91445,229],{"class":105},[73,91447,91448],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91449,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91451,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91453,5545],{"class":646},[73,91455,35190],{"class":79},[73,91457,149],{"class":105},[73,91459,5548],{"class":79},[73,91461,3469],{"class":646},[73,91463,35200],{"class":101},[73,91465,106],{"class":105},[73,91467,7400],{"class":114},[73,91469,7933],{"class":105},[73,91471,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91473,7659],{"class":101},[73,91475,106],{"class":105},[73,91477,35215],{"class":114},[73,91479,149],{"class":105},[73,91481,29104],{"class":114},[73,91483,854],{"class":105},[20,91485,78500,91486,817],{},[587,91487,35976,91488,35979],{"href":35975},[15,91489,35118],{},[59,91491,91493,91494,91496],{"id":91492},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91495,35568],{}," to a list",[20,91498,91499,91501],{},[15,91500,35568],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91503,91504,91505,2475],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91506,24380],{},[64,91508,91510],{"className":66,"code":91509,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91511,91512],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91513,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91515,102],{"class":101},[73,91517,106],{"class":105},[73,91519,7684],{"class":1270},[73,91521,106],{"class":105},[73,91523,59379],{"class":101},[73,91525,106],{"class":105},[73,91527,1652],{"class":315},[73,91529,2503],{"class":105},[20,91531,1660],{},[64,91533,91535],{"className":66,"code":91534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91536,91537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91538,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91540,138],{"class":105},[73,91542,1710],{"class":315},[73,91544,149],{"class":105},[73,91546,5084],{"class":315},[73,91548,149],{"class":105},[73,91550,409],{"class":315},[73,91552,229],{"class":105},[20,91554,32909],{},[30,91556,91557,91562,91565],{},[33,91558,91559,91560,41459],{},"learning how ",[15,91561,35568],{},[33,91563,91564],{},"checking your values",[33,91566,91567],{},"debugging code",[20,91569,820],{},[64,91571,91573],{"className":66,"code":91572,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91574,91575,91589,91593,91603],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91576,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91578,523],{"class":79},[73,91580,84],{"class":83},[73,91582,53449],{"class":101},[73,91584,106],{"class":105},[73,91586,2095],{"class":315},[73,91588,854],{"class":105},[73,91590,91591],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91592,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91594,91595,91597,91599,91601],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91596,102],{"class":101},[73,91598,106],{"class":105},[73,91600,553],{"class":114},[73,91602,854],{"class":105},[73,91604,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91606,102],{"class":101},[73,91608,106],{"class":105},[73,91610,7684],{"class":1270},[73,91612,106],{"class":105},[73,91614,553],{"class":114},[73,91616,118],{"class":105},[20,91618,1660],{},[64,91620,91622],{"className":66,"code":91621,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91623,91624,91638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91625,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91627,59379],{"class":101},[73,91629,106],{"class":105},[73,91631,1710],{"class":315},[73,91633,149],{"class":105},[73,91635,2047],{"class":315},[73,91637,854],{"class":105},[73,91639,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91641,138],{"class":105},[73,91643,1710],{"class":315},[73,91645,149],{"class":105},[73,91647,5084],{"class":315},[73,91649,149],{"class":105},[73,91651,409],{"class":315},[73,91653,149],{"class":105},[73,91655,414],{"class":315},[73,91657,229],{"class":105},[20,91659,91660,91661,1011,91663,91666],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91662,59379],{},[15,91664,91665],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[59,91668,4107],{"id":4106},[20,91670,33138,91671,817],{},[15,91672,35568],{},[292,91674,91676],{"id":91675},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91678,91679],{},"Many beginners think this:",[64,91681,91683],{"className":66,"code":91682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91684,91685],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91686,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91688,102],{"class":101},[73,91690,106],{"class":105},[73,91692,7684],{"class":1270},[73,91694,106],{"class":105},[73,91696,59379],{"class":101},[73,91698,106],{"class":105},[73,91700,404],{"class":315},[73,91702,149],{"class":105},[73,91704,4194],{"class":315},[73,91706,2503],{"class":105},[20,91708,91709],{},"will produce:",[64,91711,91713],{"className":66,"code":91712,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91714,91715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91716,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91718,138],{"class":105},[73,91720,404],{"class":315},[73,91722,149],{"class":105},[73,91724,409],{"class":315},[73,91726,149],{"class":105},[73,91728,414],{"class":315},[73,91730,149],{"class":105},[73,91732,2047],{"class":315},[73,91734,149],{"class":105},[73,91736,4194],{"class":315},[73,91738,229],{"class":105},[20,91740,91741],{},"But the real output is:",[64,91743,91744],{"className":66,"code":52884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91745,91746],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91747,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91749,138],{"class":105},[73,91751,404],{"class":315},[73,91753,149],{"class":105},[73,91755,409],{"class":315},[73,91757,149],{"class":105},[73,91759,414],{"class":315},[73,91761,149],{"class":105},[73,91763,2047],{"class":315},[73,91765,229],{"class":105},[20,91767,91768],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[292,91770,4168,91772,91774,91775],{"id":91771},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91773,90236],{}," starts at ",[15,91776,404],{},[20,91778,36839,91779,18562,91781,817],{},[15,91780,1710],{},[15,91782,404],{},[64,91784,91785],{"className":66,"code":90429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91786,91787],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91788,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91790,102],{"class":101},[73,91792,106],{"class":105},[73,91794,7684],{"class":1270},[73,91796,106],{"class":105},[73,91798,59379],{"class":101},[73,91800,106],{"class":105},[73,91802,1727],{"class":315},[73,91804,2503],{"class":105},[20,91806,1660],{},[64,91808,91809],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91810,91811],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91812,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91814,138],{"class":105},[73,91816,1710],{"class":315},[73,91818,149],{"class":105},[73,91820,5084],{"class":315},[73,91822,149],{"class":105},[73,91824,409],{"class":315},[73,91826,149],{"class":105},[73,91828,414],{"class":315},[73,91830,149],{"class":105},[73,91832,2047],{"class":315},[73,91834,229],{"class":105},[292,91836,91838],{"id":91837},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91840,91841,91842,2475],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91843,2549],{},[64,91845,91847],{"className":66,"code":91846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91848,91849,91868,91872,91889],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91850,91851,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91852,91853],{"class":79},"user_number ",[73,91855,84],{"class":83},[73,91857,7833],{"class":101},[73,91859,106],{"class":105},[73,91861,384],{"class":87},[73,91863,41245],{"class":91},[73,91865,384],{"class":87},[73,91867,854],{"class":105},[73,91869,91870],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91871,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91873,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91887],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91875,5545],{"class":646},[73,91877,68930],{"class":79},[73,91879,3469],{"class":646},[73,91881,53449],{"class":101},[73,91883,106],{"class":105},[73,91885,91886],{"class":114},"user_number",[73,91888,7933],{"class":105},[73,91890,91891,91893,91895,91897],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91892,7659],{"class":101},[73,91894,106],{"class":105},[73,91896,35524],{"class":114},[73,91898,854],{"class":105},[20,91900,47887,91901,91903],{},[15,91902,2549],{}," returns a string.",[20,91905,10400],{},[64,91907,91909],{"className":66,"code":91908,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91910,91911,91933,91937,91953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91912,91913,91915,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91914,91853],{"class":79},[73,91916,84],{"class":83},[73,91918,44652],{"class":1270},[73,91920,106],{"class":105},[73,91922,41837],{"class":101},[73,91924,106],{"class":105},[73,91926,384],{"class":87},[73,91928,41245],{"class":91},[73,91930,384],{"class":87},[73,91932,118],{"class":105},[73,91934,91935],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,91936,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,91938,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,91940,5545],{"class":646},[73,91942,68930],{"class":79},[73,91944,3469],{"class":646},[73,91946,53449],{"class":101},[73,91948,106],{"class":105},[73,91950,91886],{"class":114},[73,91952,7933],{"class":105},[73,91954,91955,91957,91959,91961],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,91956,7659],{"class":101},[73,91958,106],{"class":105},[73,91960,35524],{"class":114},[73,91962,854],{"class":105},[20,91964,91965,91966,817],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[587,91967,49901,91968],{"href":49900},[15,91969,49904],{},[292,91971,91973,91974,91976,91977],{"id":91972},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91975,35442],{}," smaller than ",[15,91978,74808],{},[20,91980,91981],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[64,91983,91984],{"className":66,"code":90911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91985,91986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91987,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91989,102],{"class":101},[73,91991,106],{"class":105},[73,91993,7684],{"class":1270},[73,91995,106],{"class":105},[73,91997,59379],{"class":101},[73,91999,106],{"class":105},[73,92001,404],{"class":315},[73,92003,149],{"class":105},[73,92005,4194],{"class":315},[73,92007,149],{"class":105},[73,92009,1811],{"class":83},[73,92011,404],{"class":315},[73,92013,2503],{"class":105},[20,92015,1660],{},[64,92017,92018],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92019,92020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92021,92022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92023,37669],{"class":105},[20,92025,92026],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[292,92028,25214,92030],{"id":92029},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92031,92032],{},"step = 0",[20,92034,76951],{},[64,92036,92038],{"className":66,"code":92037,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92039,92040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92041,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92043,59379],{"class":101},[73,92045,106],{"class":105},[73,92047,404],{"class":315},[73,92049,149],{"class":105},[73,92051,5592],{"class":315},[73,92053,149],{"class":105},[73,92055,3420],{"class":315},[73,92057,854],{"class":105},[20,92059,92060],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[292,92062,4293,92064,92066],{"id":92063},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92065,35568],{}," is not a list",[20,92068,92069],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[64,92071,92073],{"className":66,"code":92072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92074,92075],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92078,102],{"class":101},[73,92080,106],{"class":105},[73,92082,59379],{"class":101},[73,92084,106],{"class":105},[73,92086,1727],{"class":315},[73,92088,118],{"class":105},[20,92090,1660],{},[64,92092,92094],{"className":66,"code":92093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92095,92096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92097,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92099,59379],{"class":101},[73,92101,106],{"class":105},[73,92103,1710],{"class":315},[73,92105,149],{"class":105},[73,92107,4194],{"class":315},[73,92109,854],{"class":105},[20,92111,92112],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[64,92114,92115],{"className":66,"code":90429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92116,92117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92118,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92120,102],{"class":101},[73,92122,106],{"class":105},[73,92124,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92126,106],{"class":105},[73,92128,59379],{"class":101},[73,92130,106],{"class":105},[73,92132,1727],{"class":315},[73,92134,2503],{"class":105},[20,92136,1660],{},[64,92138,92139],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92140,92141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92142,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92144,138],{"class":105},[73,92146,1710],{"class":315},[73,92148,149],{"class":105},[73,92150,5084],{"class":315},[73,92152,149],{"class":105},[73,92154,409],{"class":315},[73,92156,149],{"class":105},[73,92158,414],{"class":315},[73,92160,149],{"class":105},[73,92162,2047],{"class":315},[73,92164,229],{"class":105},[59,92166,92168],{"id":92167},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92170,8466,92171,81722],{},[15,92172,35568],{},[64,92174,92176],{"className":66,"code":92175,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92177,92178,92192,92210,92232,92260],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92179,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92181,102],{"class":101},[73,92183,106],{"class":105},[73,92185,59379],{"class":101},[73,92187,106],{"class":105},[73,92189,1727],{"class":315},[73,92191,118],{"class":105},[73,92193,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92195,102],{"class":101},[73,92197,106],{"class":105},[73,92199,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92201,106],{"class":105},[73,92203,59379],{"class":101},[73,92205,106],{"class":105},[73,92207,1727],{"class":315},[73,92209,2503],{"class":105},[73,92211,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228,92230],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,92213,102],{"class":101},[73,92215,106],{"class":105},[73,92217,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92219,106],{"class":105},[73,92221,59379],{"class":101},[73,92223,106],{"class":105},[73,92225,1646],{"class":315},[73,92227,149],{"class":105},[73,92229,5948],{"class":315},[73,92231,2503],{"class":105},[73,92233,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,92235,102],{"class":101},[73,92237,106],{"class":105},[73,92239,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92241,106],{"class":105},[73,92243,59379],{"class":101},[73,92245,106],{"class":105},[73,92247,1920],{"class":315},[73,92249,149],{"class":105},[73,92251,3420],{"class":315},[73,92253,149],{"class":105},[73,92255,1811],{"class":83},[73,92257,1646],{"class":315},[73,92259,2503],{"class":105},[73,92261,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,92263,102],{"class":101},[73,92265,106],{"class":105},[73,92267,1271],{"class":1270},[73,92269,106],{"class":105},[73,92271,59379],{"class":101},[73,92273,106],{"class":105},[73,92275,1727],{"class":315},[73,92277,2503],{"class":105},[20,92279,25605],{},[30,92281,92282,92285,92288],{},[33,92283,92284],{},"what values are being created",[33,92286,92287],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92289,92290,92291,24217],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92292,59379],{},[59,92294,1405],{"id":1404},[292,92296,12300,92298,92300],{"id":92297},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92299,35568],{}," include the last number?",[20,92302,92303],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[292,92305,4747,92307,92309,92310,1424],{"id":92306},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92308,90236],{}," start at ",[15,92311,1710],{},[20,92313,92314,92315,817],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92316,1710],{},[292,92318,1446,92320,92322],{"id":92319},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92321,35568],{}," count backward?",[20,92324,92325,92326,817],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92327,92328],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[292,92330,14501,92332,25640],{"id":92331},"is-range-a-list",[15,92333,35568],{},[20,92335,25643,92336,92338,92339,23538],{},[15,92337,59379],{}," object. Use ",[15,92340,92341],{},"list(range(...))",[292,92343,4747,92345,48061],{"id":92344},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92346,92347],{},"range(input())",[20,92349,92350,3072,92352,817],{},[15,92351,2549],{},[15,92353,92354],{},"int(input())",[59,92356,1461],{"id":1460},[30,92358,92359,92363,92369,92375,92381],{},[33,92360,92361],{},[587,92362,35398],{"href":35397},[33,92364,92365],{},[587,92366,13,92367,1470],{"href":41732},[15,92368,41735],{},[33,92370,92371],{},[587,92372,13,92373,1470],{"href":91405},[15,92374,35118],{},[33,92376,92377],{},[587,92378,36890,92379,35979],{"href":35975},[15,92380,35118],{},[33,92382,92383],{},[587,92384,49901,92385],{"href":49900},[15,92386,49904],{},[1500,92388,92389],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":92391},[92392,92393,92395,92401,92409,92416,92418,92430,92431,92443],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":90245,"depth":98,"text":92394},"What range() does",{"id":90338,"depth":98,"text":92396,"children":92397},"range() syntax",[92398,92399,92400],{"id":90418,"depth":332,"text":90421},{"id":90482,"depth":332,"text":90485},{"id":90550,"depth":332,"text":90553},{"id":90621,"depth":98,"text":90622,"children":92402},[92403,92404,92405,92406,92407],{"id":90628,"depth":332,"text":90236},{"id":90691,"depth":332,"text":90694},{"id":90755,"depth":332,"text":90758},{"id":90831,"depth":332,"text":90832},{"id":76195,"depth":332,"text":92408},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90990,"depth":98,"text":92410,"children":92411},"Using range() in a for loop",[92412,92413,92414],{"id":91092,"depth":332,"text":91093},{"id":91137,"depth":332,"text":91138},{"id":91217,"depth":332,"text":92415},"range() and indexing",{"id":91492,"depth":98,"text":92417},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":92419},[92420,92421,92423,92424,92426,92428],{"id":91675,"depth":332,"text":91676},{"id":91771,"depth":332,"text":92422},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91837,"depth":332,"text":91838},{"id":91972,"depth":332,"text":92425},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92029,"depth":332,"text":92427},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92063,"depth":332,"text":92429},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92167,"depth":98,"text":92168},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":92432},[92433,92435,92437,92439,92441],{"id":92297,"depth":332,"text":92434},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92306,"depth":332,"text":92436},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92319,"depth":332,"text":92438},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92331,"depth":332,"text":92440},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92344,"depth":332,"text":92442},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90139,"description":92444},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92451,"title":92452,"body":92453,"description":94126,"extension":1552,"meta":94127,"navigation":335,"path":94128,"seo":94129,"stem":94130,"__hash__":94131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92454,"toc":94099},[92455,92464,92471,92488,92504,92506,92555,92563,92567,92570,92590,92592,92656,92658,92701,92704,92750,92752,92785,92795,92801,92809,92826,92828,92859,92861,92886,92891,92902,92905,92975,92977,93008,93013,93018,93035,93037,93088,93090,93123,93126,93133,93138,93142,93158,93160,93204,93206,93252,93255,93268,93273,93277,93291,93293,93344,93346,93379,93384,93386,93393,93395,93418,93420,93485,93487,93504,93507,93540,93542,93570,93580,93587,93591,93594,93612,93615,93643,93646,93664,93669,93675,93678,93700,93702,93730,93732,93735,93760,93763,93876,93878,93957,93959,93965,93970,93978,93986,93990,93993,93995,94028,94030,94038,94044,94051,94058,94061,94063,94096],[10,92456,13,92458,1011,92460,92463],{"id":92457},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92459,35568],{},[15,92461,92462],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92465,92466,355,92468,92470],{},[15,92467,35568],{},[15,92469,92462],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92472,92473,92481],{},[33,92474,92475,92477,92478],{},[15,92476,35568],{}," creates a ",[55,92479,92480],{},"range object",[33,92482,92483,92477,92485],{},[15,92484,92462],{},[55,92486,92487],{},"real list",[20,92489,92490,92491,92493,92494,92497,92498,92500,92501,92503],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92492,90236],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92495,92496],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92499,35568],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92502,92462],{}," when you actually need a list.",[59,92505,3195],{"id":3194},[64,92507,92509],{"className":66,"code":92508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92510,92511,92525,92538],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92512,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92514,523],{"class":79},[73,92516,84],{"class":83},[73,92518,53449],{"class":101},[73,92520,106],{"class":105},[73,92522,1727],{"class":315},[73,92524,854],{"class":105},[73,92526,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92528,102],{"class":101},[73,92530,106],{"class":105},[73,92532,553],{"class":114},[73,92534,3246],{"class":105},[73,92536,92537],{"class":3249},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[73,92539,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,92541,102],{"class":101},[73,92543,106],{"class":105},[73,92545,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92547,106],{"class":105},[73,92549,553],{"class":114},[73,92551,4948],{"class":105},[73,92553,92554],{"class":3249},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92556,121,92557,92559,92560,92562],{},[15,92558,35568],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92561,92462],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[59,92564,92566],{"id":92565},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92568,92569],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92571,92572,92579,92584,92587],{},[33,92573,92574,21574,92576,92578],{},[15,92575,35568],{},[55,92577,92480],{},", not a list",[33,92580,92581,92583],{},[15,92582,92462],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92585,92586],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92588,92589],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92591,714],{},[64,92593,92595],{"className":66,"code":92594,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92596,92597,92612,92631,92635,92645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92598,92599,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92600,92601],{"class":79},"r ",[73,92603,84],{"class":83},[73,92605,53449],{"class":101},[73,92607,106],{"class":105},[73,92609,1727],{"class":315},[73,92611,854],{"class":105},[73,92613,92614,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92615,92616],{"class":79},"lst ",[73,92618,84],{"class":83},[73,92620,22159],{"class":1270},[73,92622,106],{"class":105},[73,92624,59379],{"class":101},[73,92626,106],{"class":105},[73,92628,1727],{"class":315},[73,92630,118],{"class":105},[73,92632,92633],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,92634,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,92636,92637,92639,92641,92643],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,92638,102],{"class":101},[73,92640,106],{"class":105},[73,92642,59886],{"class":114},[73,92644,854],{"class":105},[73,92646,92647,92649,92651,92654],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,92648,102],{"class":101},[73,92650,106],{"class":105},[73,92652,92653],{"class":114},"lst",[73,92655,854],{"class":105},[20,92657,1660],{},[64,92659,92661],{"className":66,"code":92660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92662,92663,92677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92664,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92666,59379],{"class":101},[73,92668,106],{"class":105},[73,92670,1710],{"class":315},[73,92672,149],{"class":105},[73,92674,4194],{"class":315},[73,92676,854],{"class":105},[73,92678,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92680,138],{"class":105},[73,92682,1710],{"class":315},[73,92684,149],{"class":105},[73,92686,5084],{"class":315},[73,92688,149],{"class":105},[73,92690,409],{"class":315},[73,92692,149],{"class":105},[73,92694,414],{"class":315},[73,92696,149],{"class":105},[73,92698,2047],{"class":315},[73,92700,229],{"class":105},[20,92702,92703],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[64,92705,92707],{"className":66,"code":92706,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92708,92709,92727],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92710,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92712,102],{"class":101},[73,92714,106],{"class":105},[73,92716,1271],{"class":1270},[73,92718,106],{"class":105},[73,92720,59379],{"class":101},[73,92722,106],{"class":105},[73,92724,1727],{"class":315},[73,92726,2503],{"class":105},[73,92728,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92730,102],{"class":101},[73,92732,106],{"class":105},[73,92734,1271],{"class":1270},[73,92736,106],{"class":105},[73,92738,7684],{"class":1270},[73,92740,106],{"class":105},[73,92742,59379],{"class":101},[73,92744,106],{"class":105},[73,92746,1727],{"class":315},[73,92748,92749],{"class":105},"))))\n",[20,92751,1660],{},[64,92753,92755],{"className":66,"code":92754,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92756,92757,92771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92758,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92760,2879],{"class":83},[73,92762,2882],{"class":633},[73,92764,152],{"class":87},[73,92766,59379],{"class":91},[73,92768,141],{"class":87},[73,92770,2891],{"class":83},[73,92772,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92774,2879],{"class":83},[73,92776,2882],{"class":633},[73,92778,152],{"class":87},[73,92780,7684],{"class":91},[73,92782,141],{"class":87},[73,92784,2891],{"class":83},[20,92786,92787,92788,92790,92791,817],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92789,35568],{}," works, see ",[587,92792,13,92793,1470],{"href":92446},[15,92794,35568],{},[59,92796,236,92798,92800],{"id":92797},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92799,35568],{}," gives you",[20,92802,92803,92805,92806,92808],{},[15,92804,35568],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92807,5545],{}," loops.",[30,92810,92811,92814,92817,92820],{},[33,92812,92813],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,92815,92816],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,92818,92819],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,92821,92822,92823],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92824,92825],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92827,714],{},[64,92829,92831],{"className":66,"code":92830,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92832,92833,92849],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92834,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92836,5545],{"class":646},[73,92838,68930],{"class":79},[73,92840,3469],{"class":646},[73,92842,53449],{"class":101},[73,92844,106],{"class":105},[73,92846,1727],{"class":315},[73,92848,7933],{"class":105},[73,92850,92851,92853,92855,92857],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92852,7659],{"class":101},[73,92854,106],{"class":105},[73,92856,35524],{"class":114},[73,92858,854],{"class":105},[20,92860,1660],{},[64,92862,92864],{"className":66,"code":92863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92865,92866,92870,92874,92878,92882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92867,92868],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92869,46628],{"class":315},[73,92871,92872],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92873,46293],{"class":315},[73,92875,92876],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,92877,16655],{"class":315},[73,92879,92880],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,92881,45993],{"class":315},[73,92883,92884],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,92885,48027],{"class":315},[20,92887,20370,92888,92890],{},[15,92889,90236],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92892,92893,92894,92896,92897,817],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92895,35568],{}," is so common with ",[587,92898,13,92900,90267],{"href":92899},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92901,5545],{},[20,92903,92904],{},"You can also inspect it:",[64,92906,92908],{"className":66,"code":92907,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92909,92910,92932,92936,92946,92960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92913,92601],{"class":79},[73,92915,84],{"class":83},[73,92917,53449],{"class":101},[73,92919,106],{"class":105},[73,92921,1646],{"class":315},[73,92923,149],{"class":105},[73,92925,5592],{"class":315},[73,92927,149],{"class":105},[73,92929,409],{"class":315},[73,92931,854],{"class":105},[73,92933,92934],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,92935,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,92937,92938,92940,92942,92944],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,92939,102],{"class":101},[73,92941,106],{"class":105},[73,92943,59886],{"class":114},[73,92945,854],{"class":105},[73,92947,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,92949,102],{"class":101},[73,92951,106],{"class":105},[73,92953,10755],{"class":101},[73,92955,106],{"class":105},[73,92957,59886],{"class":114},[73,92959,118],{"class":105},[73,92961,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92973],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,92963,102],{"class":101},[73,92965,106],{"class":105},[73,92967,79976],{"class":315},[73,92969,20773],{"class":646},[73,92971,92972],{"class":114}," r",[73,92974,854],{"class":105},[20,92976,1660],{},[64,92978,92980],{"className":66,"code":92979,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92981,92982,93000,93004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92983,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92985,59379],{"class":101},[73,92987,106],{"class":105},[73,92989,1646],{"class":315},[73,92991,149],{"class":105},[73,92993,5592],{"class":315},[73,92995,149],{"class":105},[73,92997,409],{"class":315},[73,92999,854],{"class":105},[73,93001,93002],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93003,48027],{"class":315},[73,93005,93006],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93007,3566],{"class":3438},[59,93009,236,93011,92800],{"id":93010},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93012,92462],{},[20,93014,93015,93017],{},[15,93016,92462],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93019,93020,93023,93026,93029],{},[33,93021,93022],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93024,93025],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93027,93028],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93030,93031,93032,93034],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93033,35568],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93036,714],{},[64,93038,93040],{"className":66,"code":93039,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93041,93042,93060,93064,93074],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93043,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93045,523],{"class":79},[73,93047,84],{"class":83},[73,93049,22159],{"class":1270},[73,93051,106],{"class":105},[73,93053,59379],{"class":101},[73,93055,106],{"class":105},[73,93057,1727],{"class":315},[73,93059,118],{"class":105},[73,93061,93062],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93063,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,93065,93066,93068,93070,93072],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93067,102],{"class":101},[73,93069,106],{"class":105},[73,93071,553],{"class":114},[73,93073,854],{"class":105},[73,93075,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93077,102],{"class":101},[73,93079,106],{"class":105},[73,93081,553],{"class":114},[73,93083,138],{"class":105},[73,93085,1646],{"class":315},[73,93087,3475],{"class":105},[20,93089,1660],{},[64,93091,93093],{"className":66,"code":93092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93094,93095,93119],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93096,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93098,138],{"class":105},[73,93100,1710],{"class":315},[73,93102,149],{"class":105},[73,93104,5084],{"class":315},[73,93106,149],{"class":105},[73,93108,409],{"class":315},[73,93110,149],{"class":105},[73,93112,414],{"class":315},[73,93114,149],{"class":105},[73,93116,2047],{"class":315},[73,93118,229],{"class":105},[73,93120,93121],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93122,16655],{"class":315},[20,93124,93125],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93127,93128,93129,817],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[587,93130,13,93131,1470],{"href":64229},[15,93132,24380],{},[59,93134,4551,93136],{"id":93135},"when-to-use-range",[15,93137,35568],{},[20,93139,121,93140,10193],{},[15,93141,35568],{},[30,93143,93144,93149,93152,93155],{},[33,93145,93146,93147,90996],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93148,5545],{},[33,93150,93151],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93153,93154],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93156,93157],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93159,714],{},[64,93161,93163],{"className":66,"code":93162,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93164,93165,93185],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93166,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181,93183],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93168,5545],{"class":646},[73,93170,68930],{"class":79},[73,93172,3469],{"class":646},[73,93174,53449],{"class":101},[73,93176,106],{"class":105},[73,93178,404],{"class":315},[73,93180,149],{"class":105},[73,93182,37015],{"class":315},[73,93184,7933],{"class":105},[73,93186,93187,93189,93191,93193,93196,93198,93200,93202],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93188,7659],{"class":101},[73,93190,106],{"class":105},[73,93192,384],{"class":87},[73,93194,93195],{"class":91},"Count:",[73,93197,384],{"class":87},[73,93199,149],{"class":105},[73,93201,35499],{"class":114},[73,93203,854],{"class":105},[20,93205,1660],{},[64,93207,93209],{"className":66,"code":93208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93210,93211,93220,93228,93236,93244],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93212,93213,93216,93218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93214,93215],{"class":79},"Count",[73,93217,2475],{"class":105},[73,93219,29212],{"class":315},[73,93221,93222,93224,93226],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93223,93215],{"class":79},[73,93225,2475],{"class":105},[73,93227,44965],{"class":315},[73,93229,93230,93232,93234],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93231,93215],{"class":79},[73,93233,2475],{"class":105},[73,93235,2168],{"class":315},[73,93237,93238,93240,93242],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93239,93215],{"class":79},[73,93241,2475],{"class":105},[73,93243,23263],{"class":315},[73,93245,93246,93248,93250],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,93247,93215],{"class":79},[73,93249,2475],{"class":105},[73,93251,624],{"class":315},[20,93253,93254],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93256,93257,93258,93260,93261,61669,93263,817],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93259,35118],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93262,35969],{},[587,93264,35976,93266,35979],{"href":93265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93267,35118],{},[59,93269,4551,93271],{"id":93270},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93272,92462],{},[20,93274,121,93275,10193],{},[15,93276,92462],{},[30,93278,93279,93282,93285,93288],{},[33,93280,93281],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93283,93284],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93286,93287],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93289,93290],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93292,714],{},[64,93294,93296],{"className":66,"code":93295,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93297,93298,93316,93330,93334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93299,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93301,523],{"class":79},[73,93303,84],{"class":83},[73,93305,22159],{"class":1270},[73,93307,106],{"class":105},[73,93309,59379],{"class":101},[73,93311,106],{"class":105},[73,93313,1727],{"class":315},[73,93315,118],{"class":105},[73,93317,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93319,553],{"class":79},[73,93321,817],{"class":105},[73,93323,564],{"class":114},[73,93325,106],{"class":105},[73,93327,1727],{"class":315},[73,93329,854],{"class":105},[73,93331,93332],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93333,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,93335,93336,93338,93340,93342],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93337,102],{"class":101},[73,93339,106],{"class":105},[73,93341,553],{"class":114},[73,93343,854],{"class":105},[20,93345,1660],{},[64,93347,93349],{"className":66,"code":93348,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93350,93351],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93352,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93354,138],{"class":105},[73,93356,1710],{"class":315},[73,93358,149],{"class":105},[73,93360,5084],{"class":315},[73,93362,149],{"class":105},[73,93364,409],{"class":315},[73,93366,149],{"class":105},[73,93368,414],{"class":315},[73,93370,149],{"class":105},[73,93372,2047],{"class":315},[73,93374,149],{"class":105},[73,93376,4194],{"class":315},[73,93378,229],{"class":105},[20,93380,5648,93381,93383],{},[15,93382,553],{}," is a list.",[59,93385,15195],{"id":15194},[20,93387,93388,93390,93391,817],{},[15,93389,35568],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[55,93392,36969],{},[20,93394,1697],{},[30,93396,93397,93399,93404,93409,93412],{},[33,93398,21584],{},[33,93400,93401,93402],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93403,41735],{},[33,93405,93406,93407],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93408,3469],{},[33,93410,93411],{},"You can index it",[33,93413,93414,93415,93417],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93416,52031],{}," do not work on it",[20,93419,714],{},[64,93421,93423],{"className":66,"code":93422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93424,93425,93439,93443,93457,93471],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93426,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93428,92601],{"class":79},[73,93430,84],{"class":83},[73,93432,53449],{"class":101},[73,93434,106],{"class":105},[73,93436,1727],{"class":315},[73,93438,854],{"class":105},[73,93440,93441],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93442,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,93444,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93446,102],{"class":101},[73,93448,106],{"class":105},[73,93450,59886],{"class":114},[73,93452,138],{"class":105},[73,93454,1646],{"class":315},[73,93456,3475],{"class":105},[73,93458,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467,93469],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93460,102],{"class":101},[73,93462,106],{"class":105},[73,93464,10755],{"class":101},[73,93466,106],{"class":105},[73,93468,59886],{"class":114},[73,93470,118],{"class":105},[73,93472,93473,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,93474,102],{"class":101},[73,93476,106],{"class":105},[73,93478,1652],{"class":315},[73,93480,20773],{"class":646},[73,93482,92972],{"class":114},[73,93484,854],{"class":105},[20,93486,1660],{},[64,93488,93490],{"className":66,"code":93489,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93491,93492,93496,93500],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93493,93494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93495,16655],{"class":315},[73,93497,93498],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93499,2538],{"class":315},[73,93501,93502],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93503,3566],{"class":3438},[20,93505,93506],{},"Now compare that with this:",[64,93508,93510],{"className":66,"code":93509,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93511,93512,93526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93513,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93515,92601],{"class":79},[73,93517,84],{"class":83},[73,93519,53449],{"class":101},[73,93521,106],{"class":105},[73,93523,1727],{"class":315},[73,93525,854],{"class":105},[73,93527,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93529,59886],{"class":79},[73,93531,817],{"class":105},[73,93533,564],{"class":114},[73,93535,106],{"class":105},[73,93537,1727],{"class":315},[73,93539,854],{"class":105},[20,93541,1660],{},[64,93543,93545],{"className":66,"code":93544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93546,93547],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93548,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93564,93566,93568],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93550,44],{"class":1270},[73,93552,2475],{"class":105},[73,93554,152],{"class":87},[73,93556,59379],{"class":91},[73,93558,141],{"class":87},[73,93560,24217],{"class":1270},[73,93562,93563],{"class":79}," has no attribute ",[73,93565,141],{"class":87},[73,93567,564],{"class":91},[73,93569,29297],{"class":87},[20,93571,93572,93573,995,93575,1782,93577,93579],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93574,52031],{},[15,93576,54908],{},[15,93578,63693],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93581,93582,93583,817],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[587,93584,25276,93585],{"href":1224},[15,93586,33853],{},[59,93588,93590],{"id":93589},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93592,93593],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[64,93595,93596],{"className":66,"code":92072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93597,93598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93599,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608,93610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93601,102],{"class":101},[73,93603,106],{"class":105},[73,93605,59379],{"class":101},[73,93607,106],{"class":105},[73,93609,1727],{"class":315},[73,93611,118],{"class":105},[20,93613,93614],{},"to show:",[64,93616,93617],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93618,93619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93620,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93622,138],{"class":105},[73,93624,1710],{"class":315},[73,93626,149],{"class":105},[73,93628,5084],{"class":315},[73,93630,149],{"class":105},[73,93632,409],{"class":315},[73,93634,149],{"class":105},[73,93636,414],{"class":315},[73,93638,149],{"class":105},[73,93640,2047],{"class":315},[73,93642,229],{"class":105},[20,93644,93645],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[64,93647,93648],{"className":66,"code":92093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93649,93650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93651,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93653,59379],{"class":101},[73,93655,106],{"class":105},[73,93657,1710],{"class":315},[73,93659,149],{"class":105},[73,93661,4194],{"class":315},[73,93663,854],{"class":105},[20,93665,4217,93666,93668],{},[55,93667,806],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93670,93671,93672,93674],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[55,93673,92480],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93676,93677],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[64,93679,93680],{"className":66,"code":90429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93681,93682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93683,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93685,102],{"class":101},[73,93687,106],{"class":105},[73,93689,7684],{"class":1270},[73,93691,106],{"class":105},[73,93693,59379],{"class":101},[73,93695,106],{"class":105},[73,93697,1727],{"class":315},[73,93699,2503],{"class":105},[20,93701,1660],{},[64,93703,93704],{"className":66,"code":59402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93705,93706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93707,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93709,138],{"class":105},[73,93711,1710],{"class":315},[73,93713,149],{"class":105},[73,93715,5084],{"class":315},[73,93717,149],{"class":105},[73,93719,409],{"class":315},[73,93721,149],{"class":105},[73,93723,414],{"class":315},[73,93725,149],{"class":105},[73,93727,2047],{"class":315},[73,93729,229],{"class":105},[59,93731,1207],{"id":1206},[20,93733,93734],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,93736,93737,93743,93746,93752],{},[33,93738,438,93739,93742],{},[15,93740,93741],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,93744,93745],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,93747,93748,93749,93751],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93750,35568],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,93753,438,93754,93756,93757,93759],{},[15,93755,92462],{}," when plain ",[15,93758,35568],{}," would be simpler",[20,93761,93762],{},"These quick checks can help:",[64,93764,93766],{"className":66,"code":93765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93767,93768,93782,93800,93818,93840,93858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93769,93770,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93771,102],{"class":101},[73,93773,106],{"class":105},[73,93775,59379],{"class":101},[73,93777,106],{"class":105},[73,93779,1727],{"class":315},[73,93781,118],{"class":105},[73,93783,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93785,102],{"class":101},[73,93787,106],{"class":105},[73,93789,7684],{"class":1270},[73,93791,106],{"class":105},[73,93793,59379],{"class":101},[73,93795,106],{"class":105},[73,93797,1727],{"class":315},[73,93799,2503],{"class":105},[73,93801,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93803,102],{"class":101},[73,93805,106],{"class":105},[73,93807,1271],{"class":1270},[73,93809,106],{"class":105},[73,93811,59379],{"class":101},[73,93813,106],{"class":105},[73,93815,1727],{"class":315},[73,93817,2503],{"class":105},[73,93819,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93821,102],{"class":101},[73,93823,106],{"class":105},[73,93825,1271],{"class":1270},[73,93827,106],{"class":105},[73,93829,7684],{"class":1270},[73,93831,106],{"class":105},[73,93833,59379],{"class":101},[73,93835,106],{"class":105},[73,93837,1727],{"class":315},[73,93839,92749],{"class":105},[73,93841,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,93843,102],{"class":101},[73,93845,106],{"class":105},[73,93847,1652],{"class":315},[73,93849,20773],{"class":646},[73,93851,53449],{"class":101},[73,93853,106],{"class":105},[73,93855,1727],{"class":315},[73,93857,118],{"class":105},[73,93859,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,93861,102],{"class":101},[73,93863,106],{"class":105},[73,93865,10755],{"class":101},[73,93867,106],{"class":105},[73,93869,59379],{"class":101},[73,93871,106],{"class":105},[73,93873,1727],{"class":315},[73,93875,2503],{"class":105},[20,93877,1660],{},[64,93879,93881],{"className":66,"code":93880,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93882,93883,93897,93921,93935,93949,93953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93884,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93886,59379],{"class":101},[73,93888,106],{"class":105},[73,93890,1710],{"class":315},[73,93892,149],{"class":105},[73,93894,4194],{"class":315},[73,93896,854],{"class":105},[73,93898,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915,93917,93919],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,93900,138],{"class":105},[73,93902,1710],{"class":315},[73,93904,149],{"class":105},[73,93906,5084],{"class":315},[73,93908,149],{"class":105},[73,93910,409],{"class":315},[73,93912,149],{"class":105},[73,93914,414],{"class":315},[73,93916,149],{"class":105},[73,93918,2047],{"class":315},[73,93920,229],{"class":105},[73,93922,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,93924,2879],{"class":83},[73,93926,2882],{"class":633},[73,93928,152],{"class":87},[73,93930,59379],{"class":91},[73,93932,141],{"class":87},[73,93934,2891],{"class":83},[73,93936,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,93938,2879],{"class":83},[73,93940,2882],{"class":633},[73,93942,152],{"class":87},[73,93944,7684],{"class":91},[73,93946,141],{"class":87},[73,93948,2891],{"class":83},[73,93950,93951],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,93952,3566],{"class":3438},[73,93954,93955],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,93956,2538],{"class":315},[59,93958,1405],{"id":1404},[292,93960,14501,93962,93964],{"id":93961},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93963,35568],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93966,45741,93967,93969],{},[15,93968,35568],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[292,93971,93973,93974,10685,93976,1424],{"id":93972},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93975,35568],{},[15,93977,92462],{},[20,93979,93980,93982,93983,93985],{},[15,93981,35568],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93984,92462],{}," creates a full list.",[292,93987,93989],{"id":93988},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93991,93992],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93994,714],{},[64,93996,93998],{"className":66,"code":93997,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93999,94000,94014],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94001,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94003,92601],{"class":79},[73,94005,84],{"class":83},[73,94007,53449],{"class":101},[73,94009,106],{"class":105},[73,94011,1727],{"class":315},[73,94013,854],{"class":105},[73,94015,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94017,102],{"class":101},[73,94019,106],{"class":105},[73,94021,59886],{"class":114},[73,94023,138],{"class":105},[73,94025,404],{"class":315},[73,94027,3475],{"class":105},[20,94029,1660],{},[64,94031,94032],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94033,94034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94035,94036],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94037,46293],{"class":315},[292,94039,4747,94041,94043],{"id":94040},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94042,93741],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94045,94046,94047,94050],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94048,94049],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[292,94052,94054,94055,94057],{"id":94053},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94056,35568],{}," to a list?",[20,94059,94060],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[59,94062,1461],{"id":1460},[30,94064,94065,94071,94077,94084,94090],{},[33,94066,94067],{},[587,94068,13,94069,1470],{"href":92446},[15,94070,35568],{},[33,94072,94073],{},[587,94074,13,94075,1470],{"href":64229},[15,94076,24380],{},[33,94078,94079],{},[587,94080,13,94081,94083],{"href":92899},[15,94082,5545],{}," loops explained",[33,94085,94086],{},[587,94087,36890,94088,35979],{"href":93265},[15,94089,35118],{},[33,94091,94092],{},[587,94093,25719,94094],{"href":1224},[15,94095,33853],{},[1500,94097,94098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":94100},[94101,94102,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94112,94113,94114,94125],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":92565,"depth":98,"text":92566},{"id":92797,"depth":98,"text":94104},"What range() gives you",{"id":93010,"depth":98,"text":94106},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93135,"depth":98,"text":94108},"When to use range()",{"id":93270,"depth":98,"text":94110},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15194,"depth":98,"text":15195},{"id":93589,"depth":98,"text":93590},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":94115},[94116,94118,94120,94121,94123],{"id":93961,"depth":332,"text":94117},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93972,"depth":332,"text":94119},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93988,"depth":332,"text":93989},{"id":94040,"depth":332,"text":94122},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94053,"depth":332,"text":94124},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92452,"description":94126},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94133,"title":94134,"body":94135,"description":95571,"extension":1552,"meta":95572,"navigation":335,"path":95573,"seo":95574,"stem":95575,"__hash__":95576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94136,"toc":95537},[94137,94143,94148,94151,94165,94168,94170,94209,94211,94224,94232,94237,94253,94256,94258,94260,94281,94298,94301,94360,94362,94381,94386,94392,94395,94429,94431,94444,94447,94492,94494,94517,94524,94530,94533,94574,94576,94590,94593,94651,94653,94668,94681,94687,94693,94758,94760,94779,94781,94799,94802,94806,94812,94814,94847,94849,94862,94872,94875,94936,94938,94959,94962,94964,94980,94985,94989,94994,94999,95055,95057,95075,95078,95123,95125,95133,95138,95142,95156,95158,95190,95192,95201,95203,95207,95216,95219,95251,95253,95265,95268,95272,95277,95318,95320,95328,95331,95354,95358,95360,95369,95372,95425,95427,95436,95440,95445,95456,95458,95467,95470,95476,95479,95485,95495,95503,95510,95512,95534],[10,94138,13,94140,18],{"id":94139},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94141,94142],{},"round()",[20,94144,8714,94145,94147],{},[15,94146,94142],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94149,94150],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94152,94153,94159],{},[33,94154,94155,94158],{},[15,94156,94157],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94160,94161,94164],{},[15,94162,94163],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94166,94167],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[59,94169,62],{"id":61},[64,94171,94173],{"className":66,"code":94172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94174,94175,94191],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94176,94177,94179,94181,94184,94186,94189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94178,102],{"class":101},[73,94180,106],{"class":105},[73,94182,94183],{"class":101},"round",[73,94185,106],{"class":105},[73,94187,94188],{"class":315},"3.14159",[73,94190,118],{"class":105},[73,94192,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94194,102],{"class":101},[73,94196,106],{"class":105},[73,94198,94183],{"class":101},[73,94200,106],{"class":105},[73,94202,94188],{"class":315},[73,94204,149],{"class":105},[73,94206,409],{"class":315},[73,94208,118],{"class":105},[20,94210,1660],{},[64,94212,94214],{"className":66,"code":94213,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94215,94216,94220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94217,94218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94219,45993],{"class":315},[73,94221,94222],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94223,39550],{"class":315},[20,94225,121,94226,94228,94229,94231],{},[15,94227,94157],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94230,94163],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[59,94233,236,94235,239],{"id":94234},"what-round-does",[15,94236,94142],{},[30,94238,94239,94244,94247,94250],{},[33,94240,94241,94243],{},[15,94242,94142],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94245,94246],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94248,94249],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94251,94252],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94254,94255],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[59,94257,285],{"id":284},[20,94259,1750],{},[64,94261,94263],{"className":66,"code":94262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94264,94265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94266,94267,94269,94271,94273,94276,94279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94268,94183],{"class":101},[73,94270,106],{"class":105},[73,94272,1829],{"class":114},[73,94274,94275],{"class":105},"[,",[73,94277,94278],{"class":114}," ndigits",[73,94280,3475],{"class":105},[30,94282,94283,94288,94293],{},[33,94284,94285,94287],{},[15,94286,1829],{}," is the value to round",[33,94289,94290,19638],{},[15,94291,94292],{},"ndigits",[33,94294,94295,94297],{},[15,94296,94292],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94299,94300],{},"Basic examples:",[64,94302,94304],{"className":66,"code":94303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94305,94306,94321,94339],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94307,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94309,102],{"class":101},[73,94311,106],{"class":105},[73,94313,94183],{"class":101},[73,94315,106],{"class":105},[73,94317,94318],{"class":315},"7.8",[73,94320,118],{"class":105},[73,94322,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94324,102],{"class":101},[73,94326,106],{"class":105},[73,94328,94183],{"class":101},[73,94330,106],{"class":105},[73,94332,94318],{"class":315},[73,94334,149],{"class":105},[73,94336,5084],{"class":315},[73,94338,118],{"class":105},[73,94340,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94352,94354,94356,94358],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94342,102],{"class":101},[73,94344,106],{"class":105},[73,94346,94183],{"class":101},[73,94348,106],{"class":105},[73,94350,94351],{"class":315},"1234",[73,94353,149],{"class":105},[73,94355,1811],{"class":83},[73,94357,1646],{"class":315},[73,94359,118],{"class":105},[20,94361,1660],{},[64,94363,94365],{"className":66,"code":94364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94366,94367,94371,94376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94368,94369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94370,1971],{"class":315},[73,94372,94373],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94374,94375],{"class":315},"7.8\n",[73,94377,94378],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94379,94380],{"class":315},"1200\n",[20,94382,94383,94384,817],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[587,94385,2010],{"href":2009},[59,94387,438,94389,94391],{"id":94388},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94390,94142],{}," with one argument",[20,94393,94394],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[64,94396,94398],{"className":66,"code":94397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94399,94400,94414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94401,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94403,102],{"class":101},[73,94405,106],{"class":105},[73,94407,94183],{"class":101},[73,94409,106],{"class":105},[73,94411,1952],{"class":315},[73,94413,118],{"class":105},[73,94415,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424,94427],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94417,102],{"class":101},[73,94419,106],{"class":105},[73,94421,94183],{"class":101},[73,94423,106],{"class":105},[73,94425,94426],{"class":315},"4.8",[73,94428,118],{"class":105},[20,94430,1660],{},[64,94432,94434],{"className":66,"code":94433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4\n5\n",[15,94435,94436,94440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94437,94438],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94439,48027],{"class":315},[73,94441,94442],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94443,2538],{"class":315},[20,94445,94446],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[64,94448,94450],{"className":66,"code":94449,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94451,94452,94468,94478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94453,94454,94456,94458,94461,94463,94466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94455,1819],{"class":79},[73,94457,84],{"class":83},[73,94459,94460],{"class":101}," round",[73,94462,106],{"class":105},[73,94464,94465],{"class":315},"10.2",[73,94467,854],{"class":105},[73,94469,94470,94472,94474,94476],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94471,102],{"class":101},[73,94473,106],{"class":105},[73,94475,1854],{"class":114},[73,94477,854],{"class":105},[73,94479,94480,94482,94484,94486,94488,94490],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94481,102],{"class":101},[73,94483,106],{"class":105},[73,94485,1271],{"class":1270},[73,94487,106],{"class":105},[73,94489,1854],{"class":114},[73,94491,118],{"class":105},[20,94493,1660],{},[64,94495,94497],{"className":66,"code":94496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94498,94499,94503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94500,94501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94502,1966],{"class":315},[73,94504,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94506,2879],{"class":83},[73,94508,2882],{"class":633},[73,94510,152],{"class":87},[73,94512,1778],{"class":91},[73,94514,141],{"class":87},[73,94516,2891],{"class":83},[20,94518,94519,94520,817],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[587,94521,13,94522,1470],{"href":2464},[15,94523,2467],{},[59,94525,438,94527,94529],{"id":94526},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94528,94142],{}," with decimal places",[20,94531,94532],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[64,94534,94536],{"className":66,"code":94535,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94537,94538,94556],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94541,102],{"class":101},[73,94543,106],{"class":105},[73,94545,94183],{"class":101},[73,94547,106],{"class":105},[73,94549,94188],{"class":315},[73,94551,149],{"class":105},[73,94553,409],{"class":315},[73,94555,118],{"class":105},[73,94557,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94559,102],{"class":101},[73,94561,106],{"class":105},[73,94563,94183],{"class":101},[73,94565,106],{"class":105},[73,94567,94188],{"class":315},[73,94569,149],{"class":105},[73,94571,414],{"class":315},[73,94573,118],{"class":105},[20,94575,1660],{},[64,94577,94579],{"className":66,"code":94578,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94580,94581,94585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94582,94583],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94584,39550],{"class":315},[73,94586,94587],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94588,94589],{"class":315},"3.142\n",[20,94591,94592],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[64,94594,94596],{"className":66,"code":94595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94597,94598,94607,94626,94630,94640],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94599,94600,94602,94604],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94601,39760],{"class":79},[73,94603,84],{"class":83},[73,94605,94606],{"class":315}," 19.9876\n",[73,94608,94609,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94610,94611],{"class":79},"rounded_price ",[73,94613,84],{"class":83},[73,94615,94460],{"class":101},[73,94617,106],{"class":105},[73,94619,24749],{"class":114},[73,94621,149],{"class":105},[73,94623,409],{"class":315},[73,94625,854],{"class":105},[73,94627,94628],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94629,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,94631,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,94633,102],{"class":101},[73,94635,106],{"class":105},[73,94637,24749],{"class":114},[73,94639,854],{"class":105},[73,94641,94642,94644,94646,94649],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,94643,102],{"class":101},[73,94645,106],{"class":105},[73,94647,94648],{"class":114},"rounded_price",[73,94650,854],{"class":105},[20,94652,1660],{},[64,94654,94656],{"className":66,"code":94655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94657,94658,94663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94659,94660],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94661,94662],{"class":315},"19.9876\n",[73,94664,94665],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94666,94667],{"class":315},"19.99\n",[20,94669,94670,94671,94674,94675,2468,94677,817],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94672,94673],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[587,94676,40265],{"href":40264},[587,94678,13,94679,1470],{"href":2471},[15,94680,2474],{},[59,94682,94684,94685],{"id":94683},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94686,94292],{},[20,94688,94689,94690,94692],{},"A negative ",[15,94691,94292],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[64,94694,94696],{"className":66,"code":94695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94697,94698,94718,94738],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94699,94700,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94701,102],{"class":101},[73,94703,106],{"class":105},[73,94705,94183],{"class":101},[73,94707,106],{"class":105},[73,94709,94351],{"class":315},[73,94711,149],{"class":105},[73,94713,1811],{"class":83},[73,94715,404],{"class":315},[73,94717,118],{"class":105},[73,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94721,102],{"class":101},[73,94723,106],{"class":105},[73,94725,94183],{"class":101},[73,94727,106],{"class":105},[73,94729,94351],{"class":315},[73,94731,149],{"class":105},[73,94733,1811],{"class":83},[73,94735,1646],{"class":315},[73,94737,118],{"class":105},[73,94739,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94741,102],{"class":101},[73,94743,106],{"class":105},[73,94745,94183],{"class":101},[73,94747,106],{"class":105},[73,94749,94351],{"class":315},[73,94751,149],{"class":105},[73,94753,1811],{"class":83},[73,94755,1652],{"class":315},[73,94757,118],{"class":105},[20,94759,1660],{},[64,94761,94763],{"className":66,"code":94762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94764,94765,94770,94774],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94766,94767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94768,94769],{"class":315},"1230\n",[73,94771,94772],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94773,94380],{"class":315},[73,94775,94776],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94777,94778],{"class":315},"1000\n",[20,94780,64966],{},[30,94782,94783,94788,94794],{},[33,94784,94785,94787],{},[15,94786,65236],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,94789,94790,94793],{},[15,94791,94792],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,94795,94796,94798],{},[15,94797,47047],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94800,94801],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[59,94803,94805],{"id":94804},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94807,94808,94809,817],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94810,94811],{},".5",[20,94813,820],{},[64,94815,94817],{"className":66,"code":94816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94818,94819,94833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94820,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94822,102],{"class":101},[73,94824,106],{"class":105},[73,94826,94183],{"class":101},[73,94828,106],{"class":105},[73,94830,40532],{"class":315},[73,94832,118],{"class":105},[73,94834,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843,94845],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94836,102],{"class":101},[73,94838,106],{"class":105},[73,94840,94183],{"class":101},[73,94842,106],{"class":105},[73,94844,1629],{"class":315},[73,94846,118],{"class":105},[20,94848,1660],{},[64,94850,94852],{"className":66,"code":94851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n4\n",[15,94853,94854,94858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94855,94856],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94857,16655],{"class":315},[73,94859,94860],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94861,48027],{"class":315},[20,94863,94864,94865,94868,94869,94871],{},"Python uses ",[55,94866,94867],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94870,94811],{}," situations.",[20,94873,94874],{},"More examples:",[64,94876,94878],{"className":66,"code":94877,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94879,94880,94894,94908,94922],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94881,94882,94884,94886,94888,94890,94892],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94883,102],{"class":101},[73,94885,106],{"class":105},[73,94887,94183],{"class":101},[73,94889,106],{"class":105},[73,94891,40545],{"class":315},[73,94893,118],{"class":105},[73,94895,94896,94898,94900,94902,94904,94906],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94897,102],{"class":101},[73,94899,106],{"class":105},[73,94901,94183],{"class":101},[73,94903,106],{"class":105},[73,94905,40532],{"class":315},[73,94907,118],{"class":105},[73,94909,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94911,102],{"class":101},[73,94913,106],{"class":105},[73,94915,94183],{"class":101},[73,94917,106],{"class":105},[73,94919,1629],{"class":315},[73,94921,118],{"class":105},[73,94923,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,94925,102],{"class":101},[73,94927,106],{"class":105},[73,94929,94183],{"class":101},[73,94931,106],{"class":105},[73,94933,40497],{"class":315},[73,94935,118],{"class":105},[20,94937,1660],{},[64,94939,94941],{"className":66,"code":94940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94942,94943,94947,94951,94955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94944,94945],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94946,16655],{"class":315},[73,94948,94949],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,94950,16655],{"class":315},[73,94952,94953],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,94954,48027],{"class":315},[73,94956,94957],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,94958,48027],{"class":315},[20,94960,94961],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94963,10305],{},[30,94965,94966,94973],{},[33,94967,94968,1724,94971],{},[15,94969,94970],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94972,1646],{},[33,94974,94975,1724,94978],{},[15,94976,94977],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94979,2095],{},[20,94981,2758,94982,94984],{},[15,94983,94811],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[59,94986,94988],{"id":94987},"return-values","Return values",[20,94990,94991,94993],{},[15,94992,94142],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94995,40279,94996,94998],{},[55,94997,806],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[64,95000,95002],{"className":66,"code":95001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95003,95004,95013,95017,95027,95045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95005,95006,95008,95010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95007,2037],{"class":79},[73,95009,84],{"class":83},[73,95011,95012],{"class":315}," 3.14159\n",[73,95014,95015],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95016,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95018,95019,95021,95023,95025],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95020,102],{"class":101},[73,95022,106],{"class":105},[73,95024,2063],{"class":114},[73,95026,854],{"class":105},[73,95028,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95030,102],{"class":101},[73,95032,106],{"class":105},[73,95034,94183],{"class":101},[73,95036,106],{"class":105},[73,95038,2063],{"class":114},[73,95040,149],{"class":105},[73,95042,409],{"class":315},[73,95044,118],{"class":105},[73,95046,95047,95049,95051,95053],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,95048,102],{"class":101},[73,95050,106],{"class":105},[73,95052,2063],{"class":114},[73,95054,854],{"class":105},[20,95056,1660],{},[64,95058,95060],{"className":66,"code":95059,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95061,95062,95067,95071],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95063,95064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95065,95066],{"class":315},"3.14159\n",[73,95068,95069],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95070,39550],{"class":315},[73,95072,95073],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95074,95066],{"class":315},[20,95076,95077],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[64,95079,95081],{"className":66,"code":95080,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95082,95083,95091,95109,95113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95084,95085,95087,95089],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95086,2037],{"class":79},[73,95088,84],{"class":83},[73,95090,95012],{"class":315},[73,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105,95107],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95094,2037],{"class":79},[73,95096,84],{"class":83},[73,95098,94460],{"class":101},[73,95100,106],{"class":105},[73,95102,2063],{"class":114},[73,95104,149],{"class":105},[73,95106,409],{"class":315},[73,95108,854],{"class":105},[73,95110,95111],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95112,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95114,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95116,102],{"class":101},[73,95118,106],{"class":105},[73,95120,2063],{"class":114},[73,95122,854],{"class":105},[20,95124,1660],{},[64,95126,95127],{"className":66,"code":39550,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,95128,95129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95130,95131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95132,39550],{"class":315},[59,95134,4551,95136],{"id":95135},"when-to-use-round",[15,95137,94142],{},[20,95139,121,95140,5906],{},[15,95141,94142],{},[30,95143,95144,95147,95150,95153],{},[33,95145,95146],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95148,95149],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95151,95152],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95154,95155],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95157,820],{},[64,95159,95161],{"className":66,"code":95160,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95162,95163,95172],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95164,95165,95167,95169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95166,2186],{"class":79},[73,95168,84],{"class":83},[73,95170,95171],{"class":315}," 12.67891\n",[73,95173,95174,95176,95178,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95175,102],{"class":101},[73,95177,106],{"class":105},[73,95179,94183],{"class":101},[73,95181,106],{"class":105},[73,95183,2209],{"class":114},[73,95185,149],{"class":105},[73,95187,409],{"class":315},[73,95189,118],{"class":105},[20,95191,1660],{},[64,95193,95195],{"className":66,"code":95194,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"12.68\n",[15,95196,95197],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95198,95199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95200,95194],{"class":315},[59,95202,1207],{"id":1206},[20,95204,22694,95205,817],{},[15,95206,94142],{},[292,95208,8044,95210,95212,95213,95215],{"id":95209},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95211,94142],{}," to always round ",[15,95214,94811],{}," upward",[20,95217,95218],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[64,95220,95221],{"className":66,"code":94816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,95222,95223,95237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95224,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233,95235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95226,102],{"class":101},[73,95228,106],{"class":105},[73,95230,94183],{"class":101},[73,95232,106],{"class":105},[73,95234,40532],{"class":315},[73,95236,118],{"class":105},[73,95238,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95240,102],{"class":101},[73,95242,106],{"class":105},[73,95244,94183],{"class":101},[73,95246,106],{"class":105},[73,95248,1629],{"class":315},[73,95250,118],{"class":105},[20,95252,1660],{},[64,95254,95255],{"className":66,"code":94851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,95256,95257,95261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95258,95259],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95260,16655],{"class":315},[73,95262,95263],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95264,48027],{"class":315},[20,95266,95267],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[292,95269,95271],{"id":95270},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95273,95274,95276],{},[15,95275,94142],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[64,95278,95280],{"className":66,"code":95279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95281,95282,95290,95304,95308],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95283,95284,95286,95288],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95285,2037],{"class":79},[73,95287,84],{"class":83},[73,95289,95012],{"class":315},[73,95291,95292,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95293,94183],{"class":101},[73,95295,106],{"class":105},[73,95297,2063],{"class":114},[73,95299,149],{"class":105},[73,95301,409],{"class":315},[73,95303,854],{"class":105},[73,95305,95306],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95307,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95309,95310,95312,95314,95316],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95311,102],{"class":101},[73,95313,106],{"class":105},[73,95315,2063],{"class":114},[73,95317,854],{"class":105},[20,95319,1660],{},[64,95321,95322],{"className":66,"code":95066,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,95323,95324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95325,95326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95327,95066],{"class":315},[20,95329,95330],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[64,95332,95334],{"className":66,"code":95333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95335,95336],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95337,95338,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350,95352],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95339,2037],{"class":79},[73,95341,84],{"class":83},[73,95343,94460],{"class":101},[73,95345,106],{"class":105},[73,95347,2063],{"class":114},[73,95349,149],{"class":105},[73,95351,409],{"class":315},[73,95353,854],{"class":105},[292,95355,95357],{"id":95356},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95359,15999],{},[64,95361,95363],{"className":66,"code":95362,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95364,95365],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95366,95367],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95368,95362],{"class":3249},[20,95370,95371],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[64,95373,95375],{"className":66,"code":95374,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95376,95377,95389,95403,95407],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95378,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95380,461],{"class":79},[73,95382,84],{"class":83},[73,95384,88],{"class":87},[73,95386,39516],{"class":91},[73,95388,95],{"class":87},[73,95390,95391,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95392,1806],{"class":79},[73,95394,84],{"class":83},[73,95396,39628],{"class":1270},[73,95398,106],{"class":105},[73,95400,482],{"class":114},[73,95402,854],{"class":105},[73,95404,95405],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95406,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95408,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95410,102],{"class":101},[73,95412,106],{"class":105},[73,95414,94183],{"class":101},[73,95416,106],{"class":105},[73,95418,1829],{"class":114},[73,95420,149],{"class":105},[73,95422,5084],{"class":315},[73,95424,118],{"class":105},[20,95426,1660],{},[64,95428,95430],{"className":66,"code":95429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.1\n",[15,95431,95432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95433,95434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95435,95429],{"class":315},[292,95437,95439],{"id":95438},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95441,95442,95444],{},[15,95443,94142],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95446,95447,95448,2468,95452,817],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[587,95449,95450],{"href":2471},[15,95451,2474],{},[587,95453,95454],{"href":2464},[15,95455,2467],{},[59,95457,1405],{"id":1404},[292,95459,12300,95461,95463,95464,95466],{"id":95460},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95462,94142],{}," always round ",[15,95465,39587],{}," up?",[20,95468,95469],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[292,95471,12300,95473,95475],{"id":95472},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95474,94142],{}," change the original number?",[20,95477,95478],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[292,95480,1446,95482,95484],{"id":95481},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95483,94142],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95486,95487,95488,95490,95491,2468,95493,817],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95489,94292],{}," value like ",[15,95492,65236],{},[15,95494,94792],{},[292,95496,27925,95498,95500,95501,1424],{"id":95497},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95499,94142],{}," on a string like ",[15,95502,47471],{},[20,95504,95505,95506,2468,95508,817],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95507,2474],{},[15,95509,2467],{},[59,95511,1461],{"id":1460},[30,95513,95514,95520,95526,95530],{},[33,95515,95516],{},[587,95517,13,95518,1470],{"href":2471},[15,95519,2474],{},[33,95521,95522],{},[587,95523,13,95524,1470],{"href":2464},[15,95525,2467],{},[33,95527,95528],{},[587,95529,2010],{"href":2009},[33,95531,95532],{},[587,95533,41555],{"href":40264},[1500,95535,95536],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":95538},[95539,95540,95542,95543,95545,95547,95549,95550,95551,95553,95560,95570],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":94234,"depth":98,"text":95541},"What round() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":94388,"depth":98,"text":95544},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94526,"depth":98,"text":95546},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94683,"depth":98,"text":95548},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94804,"depth":98,"text":94805},{"id":94987,"depth":98,"text":94988},{"id":95135,"depth":98,"text":95552},"When to use round()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":95554},[95555,95557,95558,95559],{"id":95209,"depth":332,"text":95556},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95270,"depth":332,"text":95271},{"id":95356,"depth":332,"text":95357},{"id":95438,"depth":332,"text":95439},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":95561},[95562,95564,95566,95568],{"id":95460,"depth":332,"text":95563},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95472,"depth":332,"text":95565},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95481,"depth":332,"text":95567},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95497,"depth":332,"text":95569},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94134,"description":95571},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95578,"title":95579,"body":95580,"description":96765,"extension":1552,"meta":96766,"navigation":335,"path":96767,"seo":96768,"stem":96769,"__hash__":96770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95581,"toc":96739},[95582,95589,95595,95598,95600,95649,95653,95678,95683,95688,95693,95707,95718,95720,95739,95741,95757,95760,95771,95773,95775,95836,95840,95873,95880,95887,95890,95923,95926,95930,95933,95986,95990,96011,96017,96024,96031,96092,96100,96177,96181,96193,96202,96204,96210,96216,96220,96273,96276,96334,96338,96346,96349,96353,96356,96366,96368,96465,96468,96479,96482,96525,96529,96553,96556,96562,96564,96568,96593,96595,96662,96671,96673,96679,96684,96688,96691,96695,96702,96706,96711,96713,96730,96736],[10,95583,95585,95586,10916],{"id":95584},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95587,95588],{},"add()",[20,95590,95591,95594],{},[15,95592,95593],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95596,95597],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[59,95599,62],{"id":61},[64,95601,95603],{"className":66,"code":95602,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95604,95605,95625,95639],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95606,95607,95609,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95608,523],{"class":79},[73,95610,84],{"class":83},[73,95612,10083],{"class":105},[73,95614,404],{"class":315},[73,95616,149],{"class":105},[73,95618,409],{"class":315},[73,95620,149],{"class":105},[73,95622,414],{"class":315},[73,95624,8901],{"class":105},[73,95626,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95628,553],{"class":79},[73,95630,817],{"class":105},[73,95632,81488],{"class":114},[73,95634,106],{"class":105},[73,95636,2095],{"class":315},[73,95638,854],{"class":105},[73,95640,95641,95643,95645,95647],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95642,102],{"class":101},[73,95644,106],{"class":105},[73,95646,553],{"class":114},[73,95648,854],{"class":105},[20,95650,95651],{},[55,95652,1660],{},[64,95654,95656],{"className":66,"code":95655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95657,95658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670,95672,95674,95676],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95661,8870],{"class":105},[73,95663,404],{"class":315},[73,95665,149],{"class":105},[73,95667,409],{"class":315},[73,95669,149],{"class":105},[73,95671,414],{"class":315},[73,95673,149],{"class":105},[73,95675,2047],{"class":315},[73,95677,8901],{"class":105},[20,95679,121,95680,95682],{},[15,95681,95588],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[59,95684,236,95686,239],{"id":95685},"what-setadd-does",[15,95687,95593],{},[20,95689,95690,95692],{},[15,95691,95593],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,95694,95695,95698,95701,95704],{},[33,95696,95697],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,95699,95700],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,95702,95703],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,95705,95706],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95708,95709,95710,2468,95714,817],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[587,95711,95713],{"href":95712},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[587,95715,95717],{"href":95716},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[59,95719,285],{"id":284},[64,95721,95723],{"className":66,"code":95722,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95724,95725],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95726,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95728,15265],{"class":79},[73,95730,817],{"class":105},[73,95732,81488],{"class":114},[73,95734,106],{"class":105},[73,95736,22910],{"class":114},[73,95738,854],{"class":105},[20,95740,261],{},[30,95742,95743,95748,95751],{},[33,95744,55288,95745,95747],{},[15,95746,95588],{}," on an existing set",[33,95749,95750],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,95752,95753,95754],{},"The item must be ",[55,95755,95756],{},"hashable",[20,95758,95759],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,95761,95762,95764,95766,95769],{},[33,95763,55841],{},[33,95765,55844],{},[33,95767,95768],{},"Tuples",[33,95770,39968],{},[59,95772,11069],{"id":11068},[20,95774,11072],{},[64,95776,95778],{"className":66,"code":95777,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95779,95780,95804,95822,95826],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95781,95782,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794,95796,95798,95800,95802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95783,12673],{"class":79},[73,95785,84],{"class":83},[73,95787,10083],{"class":105},[73,95789,384],{"class":87},[73,95791,12690],{"class":91},[73,95793,384],{"class":87},[73,95795,149],{"class":105},[73,95797,88],{"class":87},[73,95799,12707],{"class":91},[73,95801,384],{"class":87},[73,95803,8901],{"class":105},[73,95805,95806,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95807,17101],{"class":79},[73,95809,817],{"class":105},[73,95811,81488],{"class":114},[73,95813,106],{"class":105},[73,95815,384],{"class":87},[73,95817,17054],{"class":91},[73,95819,384],{"class":87},[73,95821,854],{"class":105},[73,95823,95824],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95825,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95827,95828,95830,95832,95834],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95829,102],{"class":101},[73,95831,106],{"class":105},[73,95833,17101],{"class":114},[73,95835,854],{"class":105},[20,95837,95838],{},[55,95839,29627],{},[64,95841,95843],{"className":66,"code":95842,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95844,95845],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95846,95847,95849,95851,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865,95867,95869,95871],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95848,8870],{"class":105},[73,95850,141],{"class":87},[73,95852,12690],{"class":91},[73,95854,141],{"class":87},[73,95856,149],{"class":105},[73,95858,152],{"class":87},[73,95860,17054],{"class":91},[73,95862,141],{"class":87},[73,95864,149],{"class":105},[73,95866,152],{"class":87},[73,95868,12707],{"class":91},[73,95870,141],{"class":87},[73,95872,8901],{"class":105},[20,95874,95875,95876,95879],{},"The new value ",[15,95877,95878],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95881,95882,95883,95886],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[55,95884,95885],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95888,95889],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[64,95891,95893],{"className":66,"code":95892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95894,95895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95896,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95898,8870],{"class":105},[73,95900,141],{"class":87},[73,95902,12707],{"class":91},[73,95904,141],{"class":87},[73,95906,149],{"class":105},[73,95908,152],{"class":87},[73,95910,12690],{"class":91},[73,95912,141],{"class":87},[73,95914,149],{"class":105},[73,95916,152],{"class":87},[73,95918,17054],{"class":91},[73,95920,141],{"class":87},[73,95922,8901],{"class":105},[20,95924,95925],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[59,95927,95929],{"id":95928},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95931,95932],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[64,95934,95936],{"className":66,"code":95935,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95937,95938,95958,95972,95976],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95941,523],{"class":79},[73,95943,84],{"class":83},[73,95945,10083],{"class":105},[73,95947,404],{"class":315},[73,95949,149],{"class":105},[73,95951,409],{"class":315},[73,95953,149],{"class":105},[73,95955,414],{"class":315},[73,95957,8901],{"class":105},[73,95959,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968,95970],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,95961,553],{"class":79},[73,95963,817],{"class":105},[73,95965,81488],{"class":114},[73,95967,106],{"class":105},[73,95969,1646],{"class":315},[73,95971,854],{"class":105},[73,95973,95974],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,95975,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,95979,102],{"class":101},[73,95981,106],{"class":105},[73,95983,553],{"class":114},[73,95985,854],{"class":105},[20,95987,95988],{},[55,95989,1660],{},[64,95991,95993],{"className":66,"code":95992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95994,95995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95996,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95998,8870],{"class":105},[73,96000,404],{"class":315},[73,96002,149],{"class":105},[73,96004,409],{"class":315},[73,96006,149],{"class":105},[73,96008,414],{"class":315},[73,96010,8901],{"class":105},[20,96012,96013,96014,96016],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96015,1646],{}," was already present.",[59,96018,96020,1011,96022],{"id":96019},"add-vs-update",[15,96021,95588],{},[15,96023,14552],{},[20,96025,121,96026,96028,96029,817],{},[15,96027,95588],{}," when you want to add ",[55,96030,52035],{},[64,96032,96034],{"className":66,"code":96033,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96035,96036,96060,96078,96082],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96037,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96039,35460],{"class":79},[73,96041,84],{"class":83},[73,96043,10083],{"class":105},[73,96045,384],{"class":87},[73,96047,587],{"class":91},[73,96049,384],{"class":87},[73,96051,149],{"class":105},[73,96053,88],{"class":87},[73,96055,4350],{"class":91},[73,96057,384],{"class":87},[73,96059,8901],{"class":105},[73,96061,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96063,35513],{"class":79},[73,96065,817],{"class":105},[73,96067,81488],{"class":114},[73,96069,106],{"class":105},[73,96071,384],{"class":87},[73,96073,9332],{"class":91},[73,96075,384],{"class":87},[73,96077,854],{"class":105},[73,96079,96080],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96081,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96083,96084,96086,96088,96090],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96085,102],{"class":101},[73,96087,106],{"class":105},[73,96089,35513],{"class":114},[73,96091,854],{"class":105},[20,96093,121,96094,96028,96096,96099],{},[15,96095,14552],{},[55,96097,96098],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[64,96101,96103],{"className":66,"code":96102,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96104,96105,96129,96163,96167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96106,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96108,35460],{"class":79},[73,96110,84],{"class":83},[73,96112,10083],{"class":105},[73,96114,384],{"class":87},[73,96116,587],{"class":91},[73,96118,384],{"class":87},[73,96120,149],{"class":105},[73,96122,88],{"class":87},[73,96124,4350],{"class":91},[73,96126,384],{"class":87},[73,96128,8901],{"class":105},[73,96130,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96132,35513],{"class":79},[73,96134,817],{"class":105},[73,96136,30062],{"class":114},[73,96138,401],{"class":105},[73,96140,384],{"class":87},[73,96142,9332],{"class":91},[73,96144,384],{"class":87},[73,96146,149],{"class":105},[73,96148,88],{"class":87},[73,96150,18366],{"class":91},[73,96152,384],{"class":87},[73,96154,149],{"class":105},[73,96156,88],{"class":87},[73,96158,59828],{"class":91},[73,96160,384],{"class":87},[73,96162,3475],{"class":105},[73,96164,96165],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96166,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96168,96169,96171,96173,96175],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96170,102],{"class":101},[73,96172,106],{"class":105},[73,96174,35513],{"class":114},[73,96176,854],{"class":105},[292,96178,96180],{"id":96179},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96182,96183,96188],{},[33,96184,96185,96187],{},[15,96186,95588],{}," adds one item",[33,96189,96190,96192],{},[15,96191,14552],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96194,96195,96196,817],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[587,96197,96199,96200,10333],{"href":96198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96201,14552],{},[59,96203,17017],{"id":17016},[20,96205,96206,1987,96208,817],{},[15,96207,95593],{},[15,96209,3364],{},[20,96211,96212,96213,96215],{},"That means you should ",[55,96214,806],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[292,96217,96219],{"id":96218},"correct","Correct",[64,96221,96223],{"className":66,"code":96222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96224,96225,96245,96259,96263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96226,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96228,15227],{"class":79},[73,96230,84],{"class":83},[73,96232,10083],{"class":105},[73,96234,404],{"class":315},[73,96236,149],{"class":105},[73,96238,409],{"class":315},[73,96240,149],{"class":105},[73,96242,414],{"class":315},[73,96244,8901],{"class":105},[73,96246,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96248,15265],{"class":79},[73,96250,817],{"class":105},[73,96252,81488],{"class":114},[73,96254,106],{"class":105},[73,96256,2095],{"class":315},[73,96258,854],{"class":105},[73,96260,96261],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96262,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96266,102],{"class":101},[73,96268,106],{"class":105},[73,96270,15265],{"class":114},[73,96272,854],{"class":105},[292,96274,96275],{"id":61150},"Wrong",[64,96277,96279],{"className":66,"code":96278,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96280,96281,96301,96320,96324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96282,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96284,15227],{"class":79},[73,96286,84],{"class":83},[73,96288,10083],{"class":105},[73,96290,404],{"class":315},[73,96292,149],{"class":105},[73,96294,409],{"class":315},[73,96296,149],{"class":105},[73,96298,414],{"class":315},[73,96300,8901],{"class":105},[73,96302,96303,96305,96307,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96304,15227],{"class":79},[73,96306,84],{"class":83},[73,96308,96309],{"class":79}," my_set",[73,96311,817],{"class":105},[73,96313,81488],{"class":114},[73,96315,106],{"class":105},[73,96317,2095],{"class":315},[73,96319,854],{"class":105},[73,96321,96322],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96323,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96327,102],{"class":101},[73,96329,106],{"class":105},[73,96331,15265],{"class":114},[73,96333,854],{"class":105},[20,96335,96336],{},[55,96337,1660],{},[64,96339,96340],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,96341,96342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96343,96344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96345,11403],{"class":3438},[20,96347,96348],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[59,96350,96352],{"id":96351},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96354,96355],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96357,96358,96360,96362,96364],{},[33,96359,55841],{},[33,96361,55844],{},[33,96363,95768],{},[33,96365,39968],{},[20,96367,714],{},[64,96369,96371],{"className":66,"code":96370,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96372,96373,96383,96387,96401,96419,96437,96451,96455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96376,7369],{"class":79},[73,96378,84],{"class":83},[73,96380,15232],{"class":1270},[73,96382,8233],{"class":105},[73,96384,96385],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96386,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96388,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96390,7400],{"class":79},[73,96392,817],{"class":105},[73,96394,81488],{"class":114},[73,96396,106],{"class":105},[73,96398,1920],{"class":315},[73,96400,854],{"class":105},[73,96402,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96404,7400],{"class":79},[73,96406,817],{"class":105},[73,96408,81488],{"class":114},[73,96410,106],{"class":105},[73,96412,384],{"class":87},[73,96414,92],{"class":91},[73,96416,384],{"class":87},[73,96418,854],{"class":105},[73,96420,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,96422,7400],{"class":79},[73,96424,817],{"class":105},[73,96426,81488],{"class":114},[73,96428,5097],{"class":105},[73,96430,404],{"class":315},[73,96432,149],{"class":105},[73,96434,409],{"class":315},[73,96436,118],{"class":105},[73,96438,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,96440,7400],{"class":79},[73,96442,817],{"class":105},[73,96444,81488],{"class":114},[73,96446,106],{"class":105},[73,96448,3190],{"class":3438},[73,96450,854],{"class":105},[73,96452,96453],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,96454,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96456,96457,96459,96461,96463],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,96458,102],{"class":101},[73,96460,106],{"class":105},[73,96462,7400],{"class":114},[73,96464,854],{"class":105},[20,96466,96467],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96469,96470,96473,96476],{},[33,96471,96472],{},"Lists",[33,96474,96475],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96477,96478],{},"Sets",[20,96480,96481],{},"Example that causes an error:",[64,96483,96485],{"className":66,"code":96484,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96486,96487,96507],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96488,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96490,7369],{"class":79},[73,96492,84],{"class":83},[73,96494,10083],{"class":105},[73,96496,404],{"class":315},[73,96498,149],{"class":105},[73,96500,409],{"class":315},[73,96502,149],{"class":105},[73,96504,414],{"class":315},[73,96506,8901],{"class":105},[73,96508,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96510,7400],{"class":79},[73,96512,817],{"class":105},[73,96514,81488],{"class":114},[73,96516,401],{"class":105},[73,96518,2095],{"class":315},[73,96520,149],{"class":105},[73,96522,4194],{"class":315},[73,96524,3475],{"class":105},[20,96526,96527],{},[55,96528,29278],{},[64,96530,96532],{"className":66,"code":96531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96533,96534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96535,96536,96538,96540,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96537,2594],{"class":1270},[73,96539,2475],{"class":105},[73,96541,96542],{"class":79}," unhashable ",[73,96544,1271],{"class":1270},[73,96546,2475],{"class":105},[73,96548,152],{"class":87},[73,96550,7684],{"class":91},[73,96552,29297],{"class":87},[20,96554,96555],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96557,96558,96559,817],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96560,96561],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[59,96563,1207],{"id":1206},[20,96565,14331,96566,2475],{},[15,96567,95593],{},[30,96569,96570,96575,96580,96583,96590],{},[33,96571,438,96572,96574],{},[15,96573,95588],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96576,8044,96577,96579],{},[15,96578,95588],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96581,96582],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96584,36575,96585,96587,96588],{},[15,96586,95593],{}," with list ",[15,96589,52031],{},[33,96591,96592],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96594,70888],{},[64,96596,96598],{"className":66,"code":96597,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96599,96600,96610,96624,96634,96648],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96601,96602,96604,96606,96608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96603,102],{"class":101},[73,96605,106],{"class":105},[73,96607,15265],{"class":114},[73,96609,854],{"class":105},[73,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96613,102],{"class":101},[73,96615,106],{"class":105},[73,96617,1271],{"class":1270},[73,96619,106],{"class":105},[73,96621,15265],{"class":114},[73,96623,118],{"class":105},[73,96625,96626,96628,96630,96632],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96627,102],{"class":101},[73,96629,106],{"class":105},[73,96631,2063],{"class":114},[73,96633,854],{"class":105},[73,96635,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96637,102],{"class":101},[73,96639,106],{"class":105},[73,96641,1271],{"class":1270},[73,96643,106],{"class":105},[73,96645,2063],{"class":114},[73,96647,118],{"class":105},[73,96649,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,96651,842],{"class":101},[73,96653,106],{"class":105},[73,96655,5875],{"class":1270},[73,96657,817],{"class":105},[73,96659,81488],{"class":851},[73,96661,854],{"class":105},[20,96663,96664,96665,96667,96668,817],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96666,95593],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[587,96669,52428],{"href":96670},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[59,96672,1405],{"id":1404},[292,96674,12300,96676,96678],{"id":96675},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96677,95593],{}," return a new set?",[20,96680,96681,96682,817],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96683,3364],{},[292,96685,96687],{"id":96686},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96689,96690],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[292,96692,96694],{"id":96693},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96696,121,96697,10685,96700,817],{},[15,96698,96699],{},"set.update()",[15,96701,95588],{},[292,96703,96705],{"id":96704},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96707,96708,96709,817],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96710,2594],{},[59,96712,1461],{"id":1460},[30,96714,96715,96719,96724],{},[33,96716,96717],{},[587,96718,95713],{"href":95712},[33,96720,96721],{},[587,96722,96723],{"href":95716},"How to create a set in Python",[33,96725,96726],{},[587,96727,96199,96728,10333],{"href":96198},[15,96729,14552],{},[20,96731,96732,96733,96735],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96734,95588],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1500,96737,96738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":96740},[96741,96742,96744,96745,96746,96747,96751,96755,96756,96757,96764],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":95685,"depth":98,"text":96743},"What set.add() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":95928,"depth":98,"text":95929},{"id":96019,"depth":98,"text":96748,"children":96749},"add() vs update()",[96750],{"id":96179,"depth":332,"text":96180},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017,"children":96752},[96753,96754],{"id":96218,"depth":332,"text":96219},{"id":61150,"depth":332,"text":96275},{"id":96351,"depth":98,"text":96352},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":96758},[96759,96761,96762,96763],{"id":96675,"depth":332,"text":96760},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96686,"depth":332,"text":96687},{"id":96693,"depth":332,"text":96694},{"id":96704,"depth":332,"text":96705},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95579,"description":96765},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96772,"title":96773,"body":96774,"description":97943,"extension":1552,"meta":97944,"navigation":335,"path":97945,"seo":97946,"stem":97947,"__hash__":97948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96775,"toc":97910},[96776,96781,96787,96794,96839,96841,96852,96857,96862,96866,96880,96885,96887,96889,96904,96906,96920,96922,96924,96989,96991,97001,97003,97021,97027,97034,97039,97113,97115,97132,97138,97143,97214,97216,97243,97260,97263,97269,97271,97278,97282,97349,97351,97366,97369,97422,97424,97432,97444,97446,97450,97455,97457,97506,97508,97516,97518,97563,97565,97575,97581,97589,97602,97608,97610,97639,97641,97659,97663,97666,97697,97699,97717,97721,97796,97798,97814,97821,97823,97828,97833,97839,97842,97846,97854,97861,97869,97871,97907],[10,96777,95585,96779,10916],{"id":96778},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96780,10915],{},[20,96782,96783,96786],{},[15,96784,96785],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96788,96789,96790,96793],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[55,96791,96792],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[64,96795,96797],{"className":66,"code":96796,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96798,96799,96819,96829],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96800,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96802,523],{"class":79},[73,96804,84],{"class":83},[73,96806,10083],{"class":105},[73,96808,404],{"class":315},[73,96810,149],{"class":105},[73,96812,409],{"class":315},[73,96814,149],{"class":105},[73,96816,414],{"class":315},[73,96818,8901],{"class":105},[73,96820,96821,96823,96825,96827],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96822,553],{"class":79},[73,96824,817],{"class":105},[73,96826,10977],{"class":114},[73,96828,8233],{"class":105},[73,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96832,102],{"class":101},[73,96834,106],{"class":105},[73,96836,553],{"class":114},[73,96838,854],{"class":105},[20,96840,1660],{},[64,96842,96844],{"className":66,"code":96843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n",[15,96845,96846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96847,96848,96850],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96849,5875],{"class":1270},[73,96851,8233],{"class":105},[20,96853,96854,96856],{},[15,96855,10915],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[59,96858,236,96860,239],{"id":96859},"what-setclear-does",[15,96861,96785],{},[20,96863,1569,96864,11007],{},[15,96865,10915],{},[30,96867,96868,96871,96873,96877],{},[33,96869,96870],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,96872,95700],{},[33,96874,11018,96875],{},[15,96876,3364],{},[33,96878,96879],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96881,95709,96882,70987],{},[587,96883,95713],{"href":96884},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[59,96886,285],{"id":284},[20,96888,53826],{},[64,96890,96892],{"className":66,"code":96891,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96893,96894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96897,15265],{"class":79},[73,96899,817],{"class":105},[73,96901,10977],{"class":114},[73,96903,8233],{"class":105},[20,96905,12649],{},[30,96907,96908,96911,96914,96917],{},[33,96909,96910],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,96912,96913],{},"It empties the set",[33,96915,96916],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,96918,96919],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[59,96921,11069],{"id":11068},[20,96923,11072],{},[64,96925,96927],{"className":66,"code":96926,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96928,96929,96961,96965,96975,96979],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96930,96931,96933,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96932,12673],{"class":79},[73,96934,84],{"class":83},[73,96936,10083],{"class":105},[73,96938,384],{"class":87},[73,96940,12690],{"class":91},[73,96942,384],{"class":87},[73,96944,149],{"class":105},[73,96946,88],{"class":87},[73,96948,17054],{"class":91},[73,96950,384],{"class":87},[73,96952,149],{"class":105},[73,96954,88],{"class":87},[73,96956,12707],{"class":91},[73,96958,384],{"class":87},[73,96960,8901],{"class":105},[73,96962,96963],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,96964,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96966,96967,96969,96971,96973],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,96968,17101],{"class":79},[73,96970,817],{"class":105},[73,96972,10977],{"class":114},[73,96974,8233],{"class":105},[73,96976,96977],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,96978,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,96980,96981,96983,96985,96987],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,96982,102],{"class":101},[73,96984,106],{"class":105},[73,96986,17101],{"class":114},[73,96988,854],{"class":105},[20,96990,1660],{},[64,96992,96993],{"className":66,"code":96843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,96994,96995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96996,96997,96999],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96998,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97000,8233],{"class":105},[20,97002,11278],{},[30,97004,97005,97010,97015],{},[33,97006,97007,97009],{},[15,97008,17101],{}," starts with three values",[33,97011,97012,11291],{},[15,97013,97014],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97016,97017,97018,97020],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97019,3383],{},", which means an empty set",[59,97022,97024,97026],{"id":97023},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97025,10915],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97028,97029,355,97031,97033],{},[15,97030,10915],{},[15,97032,3383],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[292,97035,438,97037],{"id":97036},"using-clear",[15,97038,10915],{},[64,97040,97042],{"className":66,"code":97041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97043,97044,97064,97074,97078,97088,97092,97102],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97045,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97047,7369],{"class":79},[73,97049,84],{"class":83},[73,97051,10083],{"class":105},[73,97053,404],{"class":315},[73,97055,149],{"class":105},[73,97057,409],{"class":315},[73,97059,149],{"class":105},[73,97061,414],{"class":315},[73,97063,8901],{"class":105},[73,97065,97066,97069,97071],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97067,97068],{"class":79},"other_name ",[73,97070,84],{"class":83},[73,97072,97073],{"class":79}," items\n",[73,97075,97076],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97077,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97079,97080,97082,97084,97086],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,97081,7400],{"class":79},[73,97083,817],{"class":105},[73,97085,10977],{"class":114},[73,97087,8233],{"class":105},[73,97089,97090],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,97091,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,97095,102],{"class":101},[73,97097,106],{"class":105},[73,97099,7400],{"class":114},[73,97101,854],{"class":105},[73,97103,97104,97106,97108,97111],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,97105,102],{"class":101},[73,97107,106],{"class":105},[73,97109,97110],{"class":114},"other_name",[73,97112,854],{"class":105},[20,97114,1660],{},[64,97116,97118],{"className":66,"code":97117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97119,97120,97126],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97121,97122,97124],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97123,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97125,8233],{"class":105},[73,97127,97128,97130],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97129,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97131,8233],{"class":105},[20,97133,97134,97135,817],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[55,97136,97137],{},"same set object",[292,97139,438,97141],{"id":97140},"using-set",[15,97142,3383],{},[64,97144,97146],{"className":66,"code":97145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97147,97148,97168,97176,97180,97190,97194,97204],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97149,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97151,7369],{"class":79},[73,97153,84],{"class":83},[73,97155,10083],{"class":105},[73,97157,404],{"class":315},[73,97159,149],{"class":105},[73,97161,409],{"class":315},[73,97163,149],{"class":105},[73,97165,414],{"class":315},[73,97167,8901],{"class":105},[73,97169,97170,97172,97174],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97171,97068],{"class":79},[73,97173,84],{"class":83},[73,97175,97073],{"class":79},[73,97177,97178],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97179,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97181,97182,97184,97186,97188],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,97183,7369],{"class":79},[73,97185,84],{"class":83},[73,97187,15232],{"class":1270},[73,97189,8233],{"class":105},[73,97191,97192],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,97193,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97195,97196,97198,97200,97202],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,97197,102],{"class":101},[73,97199,106],{"class":105},[73,97201,7400],{"class":114},[73,97203,854],{"class":105},[73,97205,97206,97208,97210,97212],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,97207,102],{"class":101},[73,97209,106],{"class":105},[73,97211,97110],{"class":114},[73,97213,854],{"class":105},[20,97215,1660],{},[64,97217,97219],{"className":66,"code":97218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97220,97221,97227],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97222,97223,97225],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97224,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97226,8233],{"class":105},[73,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97230,8870],{"class":105},[73,97232,404],{"class":315},[73,97234,149],{"class":105},[73,97236,409],{"class":315},[73,97238,149],{"class":105},[73,97240,414],{"class":315},[73,97242,8901],{"class":105},[20,97244,20370,97245,92477,97248,97251,97252,817,97254,97256,97257,97259],{},[15,97246,97247],{},"items = set()",[55,97249,97250],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97253,7400],{},[1103,97255],{},"\nBut ",[15,97258,97110],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97261,97262],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97264,97265,97266,817],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[587,97267,95717],{"href":97268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[59,97270,17017],{"id":17016},[20,97272,97273,13651,97275,97277],{},[15,97274,10915],{},[55,97276,806],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97279,4737,97280,817],{},[15,97281,3364],{},[64,97283,97285],{"className":66,"code":97284,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97286,97287,97307,97311,97325,97329,97339],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97288,97289,97291,97293,97295,97297,97299,97301,97303,97305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97290,523],{"class":79},[73,97292,84],{"class":83},[73,97294,10083],{"class":105},[73,97296,404],{"class":315},[73,97298,149],{"class":105},[73,97300,409],{"class":315},[73,97302,149],{"class":105},[73,97304,414],{"class":315},[73,97306,8901],{"class":105},[73,97308,97309],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97310,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97312,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97314,1819],{"class":79},[73,97316,84],{"class":83},[73,97318,3851],{"class":79},[73,97320,817],{"class":105},[73,97322,10977],{"class":114},[73,97324,8233],{"class":105},[73,97326,97327],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,97328,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97330,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,97332,102],{"class":101},[73,97334,106],{"class":105},[73,97336,1854],{"class":114},[73,97338,854],{"class":105},[73,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,97342,102],{"class":101},[73,97344,106],{"class":105},[73,97346,553],{"class":114},[73,97348,854],{"class":105},[20,97350,1660],{},[64,97352,97354],{"className":66,"code":97353,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\nset()\n",[15,97355,97356,97360],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97357,97358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97359,11403],{"class":3438},[73,97361,97362,97364],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97363,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97365,8233],{"class":105},[20,97367,97368],{},"Do not do this:",[64,97370,97372],{"className":66,"code":97371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97373,97374,97394,97408,97412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97375,97376,97378,97380,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390,97392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97377,523],{"class":79},[73,97379,84],{"class":83},[73,97381,10083],{"class":105},[73,97383,404],{"class":315},[73,97385,149],{"class":105},[73,97387,409],{"class":315},[73,97389,149],{"class":105},[73,97391,414],{"class":315},[73,97393,8901],{"class":105},[73,97395,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97397,523],{"class":79},[73,97399,84],{"class":83},[73,97401,3851],{"class":79},[73,97403,817],{"class":105},[73,97405,10977],{"class":114},[73,97407,8233],{"class":105},[73,97409,97410],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97411,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,97415,102],{"class":101},[73,97417,106],{"class":105},[73,97419,553],{"class":114},[73,97421,854],{"class":105},[20,97423,1660],{},[64,97425,97426],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97427,97428],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97429,97430],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97431,11403],{"class":3438},[20,97433,21788,97434,1987,97436,97438,97439,97441,97442,817],{},[15,97435,53939],{},[15,97437,3364],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97440,3364],{}," back to ",[15,97443,553],{},[59,97445,4107],{"id":4106},[20,97447,10340,97448,817],{},[15,97449,96785],{},[292,97451,12190,97453],{"id":97452},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97454,10915],{},[20,97456,16242],{},[64,97458,97460],{"className":66,"code":97459,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97461,97462,97482,97496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97465,15227],{"class":79},[73,97467,84],{"class":83},[73,97469,10083],{"class":105},[73,97471,404],{"class":315},[73,97473,149],{"class":105},[73,97475,409],{"class":315},[73,97477,149],{"class":105},[73,97479,414],{"class":315},[73,97481,8901],{"class":105},[73,97483,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492,97494],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97485,15227],{"class":79},[73,97487,84],{"class":83},[73,97489,96309],{"class":79},[73,97491,817],{"class":105},[73,97493,10977],{"class":114},[73,97495,8233],{"class":105},[73,97497,97498,97500,97502,97504],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97499,102],{"class":101},[73,97501,106],{"class":105},[73,97503,15265],{"class":114},[73,97505,854],{"class":105},[20,97507,1660],{},[64,97509,97510],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97511,97512],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97513,97514],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97515,11403],{"class":3438},[20,97517,16254],{},[64,97519,97521],{"className":66,"code":97520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97522,97523,97543,97553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97524,97525,97527,97529,97531,97533,97535,97537,97539,97541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97526,15227],{"class":79},[73,97528,84],{"class":83},[73,97530,10083],{"class":105},[73,97532,404],{"class":315},[73,97534,149],{"class":105},[73,97536,409],{"class":315},[73,97538,149],{"class":105},[73,97540,414],{"class":315},[73,97542,8901],{"class":105},[73,97544,97545,97547,97549,97551],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97546,15265],{"class":79},[73,97548,817],{"class":105},[73,97550,10977],{"class":114},[73,97552,8233],{"class":105},[73,97554,97555,97557,97559,97561],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97556,102],{"class":101},[73,97558,106],{"class":105},[73,97560,15265],{"class":114},[73,97562,854],{"class":105},[20,97564,1660],{},[64,97566,97567],{"className":66,"code":96843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97568,97569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97570,97571,97573],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97572,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97574,8233],{"class":105},[292,97576,8044,97578,97580],{"id":97577},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97579,10915],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97582,97583,97585,97586,97588],{},[15,97584,10915],{}," removes ",[55,97587,3301],{}," items from the set.",[20,97590,97591,97592,2468,97597,817],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[587,97593,97595],{"href":97594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97596,54908],{},[587,97598,97600],{"href":97599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97601,12359],{},[292,97603,438,97605,97607],{"id":97604},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97606,3378],{}," for an empty set",[20,97609,25287],{},[64,97611,97613],{"className":66,"code":97612,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97614,97615,97624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97616,97617,97620,97622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97618,97619],{"class":79},"empty_value ",[73,97621,84],{"class":83},[73,97623,9431],{"class":105},[73,97625,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97637],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97627,102],{"class":101},[73,97629,106],{"class":105},[73,97631,1271],{"class":1270},[73,97633,106],{"class":105},[73,97635,97636],{"class":114},"empty_value",[73,97638,118],{"class":105},[20,97640,1660],{},[64,97642,97643],{"className":66,"code":8399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97644,97645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97646,97647,97649,97651,97653,97655,97657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97648,2879],{"class":83},[73,97650,2882],{"class":633},[73,97652,152],{"class":87},[73,97654,8412],{"class":91},[73,97656,141],{"class":87},[73,97658,2891],{"class":83},[20,97660,97661,8379],{},[15,97662,3378],{},[20,97664,97665],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[64,97667,97669],{"className":66,"code":97668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97670,97671,97682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97672,97673,97676,97678,97680],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97674,97675],{"class":79},"empty_set ",[73,97677,84],{"class":83},[73,97679,15232],{"class":1270},[73,97681,8233],{"class":105},[73,97683,97684,97686,97688,97690,97692,97695],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97685,102],{"class":101},[73,97687,106],{"class":105},[73,97689,1271],{"class":1270},[73,97691,106],{"class":105},[73,97693,97694],{"class":114},"empty_set",[73,97696,118],{"class":105},[20,97698,1660],{},[64,97700,97701],{"className":66,"code":8443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97702,97703],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97704,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97706,2879],{"class":83},[73,97708,2882],{"class":633},[73,97710,152],{"class":87},[73,97712,5875],{"class":91},[73,97714,141],{"class":87},[73,97716,2891],{"class":83},[292,97718,97720],{"id":97719},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[64,97722,97724],{"className":66,"code":97723,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97725,97726,97750,97758,97762,97772,97776,97786],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97727,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742,97744,97746,97748],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97729,2145],{"class":79},[73,97731,84],{"class":83},[73,97733,10083],{"class":105},[73,97735,384],{"class":87},[73,97737,354],{"class":91},[73,97739,384],{"class":87},[73,97741,149],{"class":105},[73,97743,88],{"class":87},[73,97745,11340],{"class":91},[73,97747,384],{"class":87},[73,97749,8901],{"class":105},[73,97751,97752,97754,97756],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97753,2173],{"class":79},[73,97755,84],{"class":83},[73,97757,35545],{"class":79},[73,97759,97760],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,97761,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97763,97764,97766,97768,97770],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,97765,587],{"class":79},[73,97767,817],{"class":105},[73,97769,10977],{"class":114},[73,97771,8233],{"class":105},[73,97773,97774],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,97775,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,97777,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,97779,102],{"class":101},[73,97781,106],{"class":105},[73,97783,587],{"class":114},[73,97785,854],{"class":105},[73,97787,97788,97790,97792,97794],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,97789,102],{"class":101},[73,97791,106],{"class":105},[73,97793,4350],{"class":114},[73,97795,854],{"class":105},[20,97797,1660],{},[64,97799,97800],{"className":66,"code":97117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97801,97802,97808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97803,97804,97806],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97805,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97807,8233],{"class":105},[73,97809,97810,97812],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97811,5875],{"class":1270},[73,97813,8233],{"class":105},[20,97815,28658,97816,355,97818,97820],{},[15,97817,587],{},[15,97819,4350],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[59,97822,1405],{"id":1404},[292,97824,1409,97826,1412],{"id":97825},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97827,96785],{},[20,97829,4737,97830,97832],{},[15,97831,3364],{},". It empties the set in place.",[292,97834,12300,97836,97838],{"id":97835},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97837,10915],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97840,97841],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[292,97843,97845],{"id":97844},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97847,97848,97849,97851,97852,817],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97850,10915],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97853,3383],{},[292,97855,1419,97857,355,97859,1424],{"id":97856},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97858,10915],{},[15,97860,3383],{},[20,97862,97863,97865,97866,97868],{},[15,97864,10915],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97867,3383],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[59,97870,1461],{"id":1460},[30,97872,97873,97877,97881,97888,97894,97900],{},[33,97874,97875],{},[587,97876,95713],{"href":96884},[33,97878,97879],{},[587,97880,96723],{"href":97268},[33,97882,97883],{},[587,97884,96199,97886,10333],{"href":97885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97887,95588],{},[33,97889,97890],{},[587,97891,96199,97892,10333],{"href":97594},[15,97893,54908],{},[33,97895,97896],{},[587,97897,96199,97898,10333],{"href":97599},[15,97899,12359],{},[33,97901,97902],{},[587,97903,96199,97905,10333],{"href":97904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97906,14552],{},[1500,97908,97909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":97911},[97912,97914,97915,97916,97923,97924,97933,97942],{"id":96859,"depth":98,"text":97913},"What set.clear() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":97023,"depth":98,"text":97917,"children":97918},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97919,97921],{"id":97036,"depth":332,"text":97920},"Using clear()",{"id":97140,"depth":332,"text":97922},"Using set()",{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":97925},[97926,97928,97930,97932],{"id":97452,"depth":332,"text":97927},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97577,"depth":332,"text":97929},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97604,"depth":332,"text":97931},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97719,"depth":332,"text":97720},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":97934},[97935,97937,97939,97940],{"id":97825,"depth":332,"text":97936},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97835,"depth":332,"text":97938},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97844,"depth":332,"text":97845},{"id":97856,"depth":332,"text":97941},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96773,"description":97943},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97950,"title":97951,"body":97952,"description":99784,"extension":1552,"meta":99785,"navigation":335,"path":95716,"seo":99786,"stem":99787,"__hash__":99788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97953,"toc":99741},[97954,97957,97960,97963,97965,98068,98072,98119,98125,98127,98146,98150,98153,98155,98169,98178,98182,98185,98220,98224,98244,98247,98251,98254,98315,98319,98344,98351,98357,98362,98364,98376,98380,98429,98433,98457,98464,98468,98509,98513,98534,98538,98571,98575,98616,98619,98623,98628,98667,98671,98696,98701,98707,98744,98748,98771,98775,98777,98780,98783,98860,98864,98901,98904,98908,98914,98917,98927,98976,98982,98988,99015,99018,99040,99042,99073,99076,99080,99084,99123,99127,99190,99193,99226,99230,99255,99257,99260,99266,99269,99296,99299,99317,99321,99325,99328,99371,99374,99378,99381,99384,99414,99417,99421,99424,99439,99444,99448,99451,99540,99542,99545,99635,99638,99656,99658,99662,99672,99676,99684,99688,99691,99695,99698,99702,99705,99707,99735,99738],[10,97955,97951],{"id":97956},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97958,97959],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97961,97962],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[59,97964,3195],{"id":3194},[64,97966,97968],{"className":66,"code":97967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97969,97970,97990,98024,98034,98038,98048,98058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97973,523],{"class":79},[73,97975,84],{"class":83},[73,97977,10083],{"class":105},[73,97979,404],{"class":315},[73,97981,149],{"class":105},[73,97983,409],{"class":315},[73,97985,149],{"class":105},[73,97987,414],{"class":315},[73,97989,8901],{"class":105},[73,97991,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,97993,3657],{"class":79},[73,97995,84],{"class":83},[73,97997,15232],{"class":1270},[73,97999,401],{"class":105},[73,98001,384],{"class":87},[73,98003,3666],{"class":91},[73,98005,384],{"class":87},[73,98007,149],{"class":105},[73,98009,88],{"class":87},[73,98011,3675],{"class":91},[73,98013,384],{"class":87},[73,98015,149],{"class":105},[73,98017,88],{"class":87},[73,98019,3666],{"class":91},[73,98021,384],{"class":87},[73,98023,3475],{"class":105},[73,98025,98026,98028,98030,98032],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98027,97675],{"class":79},[73,98029,84],{"class":83},[73,98031,15232],{"class":1270},[73,98033,8233],{"class":105},[73,98035,98036],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,98037,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,98039,98040,98042,98044,98046],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,98041,102],{"class":101},[73,98043,106],{"class":105},[73,98045,553],{"class":114},[73,98047,854],{"class":105},[73,98049,98050,98052,98054,98056],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,98051,102],{"class":101},[73,98053,106],{"class":105},[73,98055,3701],{"class":114},[73,98057,854],{"class":105},[73,98059,98060,98062,98064,98066],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,98061,102],{"class":101},[73,98063,106],{"class":105},[73,98065,97694],{"class":114},[73,98067,854],{"class":105},[20,98069,98070],{},[55,98071,1660],{},[64,98073,98075],{"className":66,"code":98074,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98076,98077,98093,98113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98078,98079,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98080,8870],{"class":105},[73,98082,404],{"class":315},[73,98084,149],{"class":105},[73,98086,409],{"class":315},[73,98088,149],{"class":105},[73,98090,414],{"class":315},[73,98092,8901],{"class":105},[73,98094,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98096,8870],{"class":105},[73,98098,141],{"class":87},[73,98100,3675],{"class":91},[73,98102,141],{"class":87},[73,98104,149],{"class":105},[73,98106,152],{"class":87},[73,98108,3666],{"class":91},[73,98110,141],{"class":87},[73,98112,8901],{"class":105},[73,98114,98115,98117],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98116,5875],{"class":1270},[73,98118,8233],{"class":105},[20,98120,98121,98122,98124],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98123,3383],{}," for an empty set.",[59,98126,14761],{"id":14760},[30,98128,98129,98132,98137,98140,98143],{},[33,98130,98131],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98133,98134,98135],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98136,3383],{},[33,98138,98139],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98141,98142],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98144,98145],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[59,98147,98149],{"id":98148},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98151,98152],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98154,30138],{},[30,98156,98157,98160,98163,98166],{},[33,98158,98159],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98161,98162],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98164,98165],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98167,98168],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98170,98171,98172,2468,98174,817],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[587,98173,95713],{"href":96884},[587,98175,98177],{"href":98176},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[59,98179,98181],{"id":98180},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98183,98184],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[64,98186,98188],{"className":66,"code":98187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98189,98190,98210],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98193,523],{"class":79},[73,98195,84],{"class":83},[73,98197,10083],{"class":105},[73,98199,404],{"class":315},[73,98201,149],{"class":105},[73,98203,409],{"class":315},[73,98205,149],{"class":105},[73,98207,414],{"class":315},[73,98209,8901],{"class":105},[73,98211,98212,98214,98216,98218],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98213,102],{"class":101},[73,98215,106],{"class":105},[73,98217,553],{"class":114},[73,98219,854],{"class":105},[20,98221,98222],{},[55,98223,29627],{},[64,98225,98226],{"className":66,"code":95992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98227,98228],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98229,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98231,8870],{"class":105},[73,98233,404],{"class":315},[73,98235,149],{"class":105},[73,98237,409],{"class":315},[73,98239,149],{"class":105},[73,98241,414],{"class":315},[73,98243,8901],{"class":105},[20,98245,98246],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[292,98248,98250],{"id":98249},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98252,98253],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[64,98255,98257],{"className":66,"code":98256,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98258,98259,98291,98301],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98260,98261,98263,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98262,523],{"class":79},[73,98264,84],{"class":83},[73,98266,10083],{"class":105},[73,98268,404],{"class":315},[73,98270,149],{"class":105},[73,98272,409],{"class":315},[73,98274,149],{"class":105},[73,98276,409],{"class":315},[73,98278,149],{"class":105},[73,98280,414],{"class":315},[73,98282,149],{"class":105},[73,98284,414],{"class":315},[73,98286,149],{"class":105},[73,98288,414],{"class":315},[73,98290,8901],{"class":105},[73,98292,98293,98295,98297,98299],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98294,102],{"class":101},[73,98296,106],{"class":105},[73,98298,553],{"class":114},[73,98300,854],{"class":105},[73,98302,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98304,102],{"class":101},[73,98306,106],{"class":105},[73,98308,10755],{"class":101},[73,98310,106],{"class":105},[73,98312,553],{"class":114},[73,98314,118],{"class":105},[20,98316,98317],{},[55,98318,29627],{},[64,98320,98322],{"className":66,"code":98321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98323,98324,98340],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98325,98326,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98327,8870],{"class":105},[73,98329,404],{"class":315},[73,98331,149],{"class":105},[73,98333,409],{"class":315},[73,98335,149],{"class":105},[73,98337,414],{"class":315},[73,98339,8901],{"class":105},[73,98341,98342],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98343,45993],{"class":315},[20,98345,20577,98346,355,98348,98350],{},[15,98347,1646],{},[15,98349,1652],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[59,98352,98354,98355],{"id":98353},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98356,3383],{},[20,98358,121,98359,98361],{},[15,98360,3383],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98363,5044],{},[30,98365,98366,98368,98370,98372],{},[33,98367,96472],{},[33,98369,95768],{},[33,98371,55844],{},[33,98373,98374],{},[15,98375,35568],{},[292,98377,98379],{"id":98378},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[64,98381,98383],{"className":66,"code":98382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98384,98385,98419],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98386,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98388,523],{"class":79},[73,98390,84],{"class":83},[73,98392,15232],{"class":1270},[73,98394,401],{"class":105},[73,98396,404],{"class":315},[73,98398,149],{"class":105},[73,98400,409],{"class":315},[73,98402,149],{"class":105},[73,98404,409],{"class":315},[73,98406,149],{"class":105},[73,98408,414],{"class":315},[73,98410,149],{"class":105},[73,98412,414],{"class":315},[73,98414,149],{"class":105},[73,98416,2047],{"class":315},[73,98418,3475],{"class":105},[73,98420,98421,98423,98425,98427],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98422,102],{"class":101},[73,98424,106],{"class":105},[73,98426,553],{"class":114},[73,98428,854],{"class":105},[20,98430,98431],{},[55,98432,29627],{},[64,98434,98435],{"className":66,"code":95655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98436,98437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98438,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98440,8870],{"class":105},[73,98442,404],{"class":315},[73,98444,149],{"class":105},[73,98446,409],{"class":315},[73,98448,149],{"class":105},[73,98450,414],{"class":315},[73,98452,149],{"class":105},[73,98454,2047],{"class":315},[73,98456,8901],{"class":105},[20,98458,98459,98460,817],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[587,98461,98463],{"href":98462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[292,98465,98467],{"id":98466},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[64,98469,98471],{"className":66,"code":98470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98472,98473,98499],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98474,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98476,3409],{"class":79},[73,98478,84],{"class":83},[73,98480,15232],{"class":1270},[73,98482,5097],{"class":105},[73,98484,1920],{"class":315},[73,98486,149],{"class":105},[73,98488,7380],{"class":315},[73,98490,149],{"class":105},[73,98492,7380],{"class":315},[73,98494,149],{"class":105},[73,98496,7385],{"class":315},[73,98498,118],{"class":105},[73,98500,98501,98503,98505,98507],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98502,102],{"class":101},[73,98504,106],{"class":105},[73,98506,4945],{"class":114},[73,98508,854],{"class":105},[20,98510,98511],{},[55,98512,29627],{},[64,98514,98516],{"className":66,"code":98515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98517,98518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98519,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98521,8870],{"class":105},[73,98523,1920],{"class":315},[73,98525,149],{"class":105},[73,98527,7380],{"class":315},[73,98529,149],{"class":105},[73,98531,7385],{"class":315},[73,98533,8901],{"class":105},[292,98535,98537],{"id":98536},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[64,98539,98541],{"className":66,"code":98540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98542,98543,98561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98546,35460],{"class":79},[73,98548,84],{"class":83},[73,98550,15232],{"class":1270},[73,98552,106],{"class":105},[73,98554,384],{"class":87},[73,98556,92],{"class":91},[73,98558,384],{"class":87},[73,98560,854],{"class":105},[73,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98564,102],{"class":101},[73,98566,106],{"class":105},[73,98568,35513],{"class":114},[73,98570,854],{"class":105},[20,98572,98573],{},[55,98574,29627],{},[64,98576,98578],{"className":66,"code":98577,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98579,98580],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98581,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98583,8870],{"class":105},[73,98585,141],{"class":87},[73,98587,59819],{"class":91},[73,98589,141],{"class":87},[73,98591,149],{"class":105},[73,98593,152],{"class":87},[73,98595,59828],{"class":91},[73,98597,141],{"class":87},[73,98599,149],{"class":105},[73,98601,152],{"class":87},[73,98603,59837],{"class":91},[73,98605,141],{"class":87},[73,98607,149],{"class":105},[73,98609,152],{"class":87},[73,98611,59854],{"class":91},[73,98613,141],{"class":87},[73,98615,8901],{"class":105},[20,98617,98618],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[59,98620,98622],{"id":98621},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98624,98625,98626,817],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98627,3383],{},[64,98629,98631],{"className":66,"code":98630,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98632,98633,98643,98653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98634,98635,98637,98639,98641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98636,97675],{"class":79},[73,98638,84],{"class":83},[73,98640,15232],{"class":1270},[73,98642,8233],{"class":105},[73,98644,98645,98647,98649,98651],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98646,102],{"class":101},[73,98648,106],{"class":105},[73,98650,97694],{"class":114},[73,98652,854],{"class":105},[73,98654,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98656,102],{"class":101},[73,98658,106],{"class":105},[73,98660,1271],{"class":1270},[73,98662,106],{"class":105},[73,98664,97694],{"class":114},[73,98666,118],{"class":105},[20,98668,98669],{},[55,98670,1660],{},[64,98672,98674],{"className":66,"code":98673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98675,98676,98682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98677,98678,98680],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98679,5875],{"class":1270},[73,98681,8233],{"class":105},[73,98683,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98685,2879],{"class":83},[73,98687,2882],{"class":633},[73,98689,152],{"class":87},[73,98691,5875],{"class":91},[73,98693,141],{"class":87},[73,98695,2891],{"class":83},[292,98697,43804,98699],{"id":98698},"do-not-use",[15,98700,3378],{},[20,98702,98703,98704,98706],{},"Empty braces do ",[55,98705,806],{}," create a set.",[64,98708,98710],{"className":66,"code":98709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98711,98712,98720,98730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98713,98714,98716,98718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98715,97619],{"class":79},[73,98717,84],{"class":83},[73,98719,9431],{"class":105},[73,98721,98722,98724,98726,98728],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98723,102],{"class":101},[73,98725,106],{"class":105},[73,98727,97636],{"class":114},[73,98729,854],{"class":105},[73,98731,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98733,102],{"class":101},[73,98735,106],{"class":105},[73,98737,1271],{"class":1270},[73,98739,106],{"class":105},[73,98741,97636],{"class":114},[73,98743,118],{"class":105},[20,98745,98746],{},[55,98747,1660],{},[64,98749,98751],{"className":66,"code":98750,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98752,98753,98757],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98754,98755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98756,9027],{"class":105},[73,98758,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98760,2879],{"class":83},[73,98762,2882],{"class":633},[73,98764,152],{"class":87},[73,98766,8412],{"class":91},[73,98768,141],{"class":87},[73,98770,2891],{"class":83},[20,98772,98773,8379],{},[15,98774,3378],{},[59,98776,71651],{"id":71650},[20,98778,98779],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98781,98782],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[64,98784,98786],{"className":66,"code":98785,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98787,98788,98836,98846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98789,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98791,3657],{"class":79},[73,98793,84],{"class":83},[73,98795,10083],{"class":105},[73,98797,384],{"class":87},[73,98799,3666],{"class":91},[73,98801,384],{"class":87},[73,98803,149],{"class":105},[73,98805,88],{"class":87},[73,98807,3675],{"class":91},[73,98809,384],{"class":87},[73,98811,149],{"class":105},[73,98813,88],{"class":87},[73,98815,3666],{"class":91},[73,98817,384],{"class":87},[73,98819,149],{"class":105},[73,98821,88],{"class":87},[73,98823,3666],{"class":91},[73,98825,384],{"class":87},[73,98827,149],{"class":105},[73,98829,88],{"class":87},[73,98831,32818],{"class":91},[73,98833,384],{"class":87},[73,98835,8901],{"class":105},[73,98837,98838,98840,98842,98844],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98839,102],{"class":101},[73,98841,106],{"class":105},[73,98843,3701],{"class":114},[73,98845,854],{"class":105},[73,98847,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,98849,102],{"class":101},[73,98851,106],{"class":105},[73,98853,10755],{"class":101},[73,98855,106],{"class":105},[73,98857,3701],{"class":114},[73,98859,118],{"class":105},[20,98861,98862],{},[55,98863,29627],{},[64,98865,98867],{"className":66,"code":98866,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98868,98869,98897],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98870,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98872,8870],{"class":105},[73,98874,141],{"class":87},[73,98876,3675],{"class":91},[73,98878,141],{"class":87},[73,98880,149],{"class":105},[73,98882,152],{"class":87},[73,98884,32818],{"class":91},[73,98886,141],{"class":87},[73,98888,149],{"class":105},[73,98890,152],{"class":87},[73,98892,3666],{"class":91},[73,98894,141],{"class":87},[73,98896,8901],{"class":105},[73,98898,98899],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98900,45993],{"class":315},[20,98902,98903],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[59,98905,98907],{"id":98906},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98909,98910,98911,98913],{},"Set items must be ",[55,98912,95756],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98915,98916],{},"These usually work:",[30,98918,98919,98921,98923,98925],{},[33,98920,55841],{},[33,98922,55844],{},[33,98924,95768],{},[33,98926,39968],{},[64,98928,98930],{"className":66,"code":98929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98931,98932,98966],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98933,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98935,3409],{"class":79},[73,98937,84],{"class":83},[73,98939,10083],{"class":105},[73,98941,404],{"class":315},[73,98943,149],{"class":105},[73,98945,88],{"class":87},[73,98947,3666],{"class":91},[73,98949,384],{"class":87},[73,98951,149],{"class":105},[73,98953,8828],{"class":105},[73,98955,1920],{"class":315},[73,98957,149],{"class":105},[73,98959,7380],{"class":315},[73,98961,8825],{"class":105},[73,98963,3502],{"class":3438},[73,98965,8901],{"class":105},[73,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,98969,102],{"class":101},[73,98971,106],{"class":105},[73,98973,4945],{"class":114},[73,98975,854],{"class":105},[20,98977,98978,98979,98981],{},"These do ",[55,98980,806],{}," work directly:",[30,98983,98984,98986],{},[33,98985,96472],{},[33,98987,96475],{},[64,98989,98991],{"className":66,"code":98990,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98992,98993],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98994,98995,98998,99000,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98996,98997],{"class":79},"bad_set ",[73,98999,84],{"class":83},[73,99001,99002],{"class":105}," {[",[73,99004,404],{"class":315},[73,99006,149],{"class":105},[73,99008,409],{"class":315},[73,99010,149],{"class":105},[73,99012,414],{"class":315},[73,99014,13303],{"class":105},[20,99016,99017],{},"This raises an error:",[64,99019,99020],{"className":66,"code":96531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,99021,99022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99023,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99025,2594],{"class":1270},[73,99027,2475],{"class":105},[73,99029,96542],{"class":79},[73,99031,1271],{"class":1270},[73,99033,2475],{"class":105},[73,99035,152],{"class":87},[73,99037,7684],{"class":91},[73,99039,29297],{"class":87},[20,99041,51458],{},[64,99043,99045],{"className":66,"code":99044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99046,99047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99048,99049,99051,99053,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99050,98997],{"class":79},[73,99052,84],{"class":83},[73,99054,99055],{"class":105}," {{",[73,99057,384],{"class":87},[73,99059,115],{"class":91},[73,99061,384],{"class":87},[73,99063,2475],{"class":105},[73,99065,88],{"class":87},[73,99067,327],{"class":91},[73,99069,384],{"class":87},[73,99071,99072],{"class":105},"}}\n",[20,99074,99075],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[59,99077,99079],{"id":99078},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[292,99081,99083],{"id":99082},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[64,99085,99087],{"className":66,"code":99086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99088,99089,99113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99090,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99092,523],{"class":79},[73,99094,84],{"class":83},[73,99096,10083],{"class":105},[73,99098,404],{"class":315},[73,99100,149],{"class":105},[73,99102,409],{"class":315},[73,99104,149],{"class":105},[73,99106,414],{"class":315},[73,99108,149],{"class":105},[73,99110,2047],{"class":315},[73,99112,8901],{"class":105},[73,99114,99115,99117,99119,99121],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99116,102],{"class":101},[73,99118,106],{"class":105},[73,99120,553],{"class":114},[73,99122,854],{"class":105},[292,99124,99126],{"id":99125},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[64,99128,99130],{"className":66,"code":99129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99131,99132,99160,99175,99179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99133,99134,99136,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99135,7369],{"class":79},[73,99137,84],{"class":83},[73,99139,528],{"class":105},[73,99141,404],{"class":315},[73,99143,149],{"class":105},[73,99145,5084],{"class":315},[73,99147,149],{"class":105},[73,99149,409],{"class":315},[73,99151,149],{"class":105},[73,99153,414],{"class":315},[73,99155,149],{"class":105},[73,99157,414],{"class":315},[73,99159,229],{"class":105},[73,99161,99162,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99163,99164],{"class":79},"unique_items ",[73,99166,84],{"class":83},[73,99168,15232],{"class":1270},[73,99170,106],{"class":105},[73,99172,7400],{"class":114},[73,99174,854],{"class":105},[73,99176,99177],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,99178,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,99180,99181,99183,99185,99188],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,99182,102],{"class":101},[73,99184,106],{"class":105},[73,99186,99187],{"class":114},"unique_items",[73,99189,854],{"class":105},[292,99191,98537],{"id":99192},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[64,99194,99196],{"className":66,"code":99195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99197,99198,99216],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99199,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99201,35460],{"class":79},[73,99203,84],{"class":83},[73,99205,15232],{"class":1270},[73,99207,106],{"class":105},[73,99209,384],{"class":87},[73,99211,3675],{"class":91},[73,99213,384],{"class":87},[73,99215,854],{"class":105},[73,99217,99218,99220,99222,99224],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99219,102],{"class":101},[73,99221,106],{"class":105},[73,99223,35513],{"class":114},[73,99225,854],{"class":105},[292,99227,99229],{"id":99228},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[64,99231,99233],{"className":66,"code":99232,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99234,99235,99245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99236,99237,99239,99241,99243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99238,97675],{"class":79},[73,99240,84],{"class":83},[73,99242,15232],{"class":1270},[73,99244,8233],{"class":105},[73,99246,99247,99249,99251,99253],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99248,102],{"class":101},[73,99250,106],{"class":105},[73,99252,97694],{"class":114},[73,99254,854],{"class":105},[59,99256,1207],{"id":1206},[20,99258,99259],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[292,99261,438,99263,99265],{"id":99262},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99264,3378],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99267,99268],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[64,99270,99272],{"className":66,"code":99271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99273,99274,99282],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99275,99276,99278,99280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99277,2037],{"class":79},[73,99279,84],{"class":83},[73,99281,9431],{"class":105},[73,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99285,102],{"class":101},[73,99287,106],{"class":105},[73,99289,1271],{"class":1270},[73,99291,106],{"class":105},[73,99293,2063],{"class":114},[73,99295,118],{"class":105},[20,99297,99298],{},"This prints:",[64,99300,99301],{"className":66,"code":8399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,99302,99303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99304,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99306,2879],{"class":83},[73,99308,2882],{"class":633},[73,99310,152],{"class":87},[73,99312,8412],{"class":91},[73,99314,141],{"class":87},[73,99316,2891],{"class":83},[20,99318,121,99319,6221],{},[15,99320,3383],{},[292,99322,99324],{"id":99323},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99326,99327],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[64,99329,99331],{"className":66,"code":99330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99332,99333,99361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99336,523],{"class":79},[73,99338,84],{"class":83},[73,99340,10083],{"class":105},[73,99342,404],{"class":315},[73,99344,149],{"class":105},[73,99346,5084],{"class":315},[73,99348,149],{"class":105},[73,99350,409],{"class":315},[73,99352,149],{"class":105},[73,99354,409],{"class":315},[73,99356,149],{"class":105},[73,99358,414],{"class":315},[73,99360,8901],{"class":105},[73,99362,99363,99365,99367,99369],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99364,102],{"class":101},[73,99366,106],{"class":105},[73,99368,553],{"class":114},[73,99370,854],{"class":105},[20,99372,99373],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[292,99375,99377],{"id":99376},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99379,99380],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99382,99383],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[64,99385,99387],{"className":66,"code":99386,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99388,99389,99409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99392,523],{"class":79},[73,99394,84],{"class":83},[73,99396,10083],{"class":105},[73,99398,1920],{"class":315},[73,99400,149],{"class":105},[73,99402,7380],{"class":315},[73,99404,149],{"class":105},[73,99406,7385],{"class":315},[73,99408,8901],{"class":105},[73,99410,99411],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99412,99413],{"class":3249},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99415,99416],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[292,99418,99420],{"id":99419},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99422,99423],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[64,99425,99427],{"className":66,"code":99426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99428,99429,99434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99430,99431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99432,99433],{"class":3249},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[73,99435,99436],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99437,99438],{"class":3249},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99440,99441,99442,817],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99443,2594],{},[292,99445,99447],{"id":99446},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99449,99450],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[64,99452,99454],{"className":66,"code":99453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99455,99456,99476,99508,99512,99526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99457,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99459,15227],{"class":79},[73,99461,84],{"class":83},[73,99463,10083],{"class":105},[73,99465,404],{"class":315},[73,99467,149],{"class":105},[73,99469,409],{"class":315},[73,99471,149],{"class":105},[73,99473,414],{"class":315},[73,99475,8901],{"class":105},[73,99477,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99479,11319],{"class":79},[73,99481,84],{"class":83},[73,99483,10083],{"class":105},[73,99485,384],{"class":87},[73,99487,587],{"class":91},[73,99489,384],{"class":87},[73,99491,2475],{"class":105},[73,99493,5084],{"class":315},[73,99495,149],{"class":105},[73,99497,88],{"class":87},[73,99499,4350],{"class":91},[73,99501,384],{"class":87},[73,99503,2475],{"class":105},[73,99505,409],{"class":315},[73,99507,8901],{"class":105},[73,99509,99510],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,99511,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,99513,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,99515,102],{"class":101},[73,99517,106],{"class":105},[73,99519,1271],{"class":1270},[73,99521,106],{"class":105},[73,99523,15265],{"class":114},[73,99525,118],{"class":105},[73,99527,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,99529,102],{"class":101},[73,99531,106],{"class":105},[73,99533,1271],{"class":1270},[73,99535,106],{"class":105},[73,99537,11044],{"class":114},[73,99539,118],{"class":105},[59,99541,92168],{"id":92167},[20,99543,99544],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[64,99546,99548],{"className":66,"code":99547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99549,99550,99576,99580,99594,99604,99618,99625],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99551,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99553,15227],{"class":79},[73,99555,84],{"class":83},[73,99557,15232],{"class":1270},[73,99559,401],{"class":105},[73,99561,404],{"class":315},[73,99563,149],{"class":105},[73,99565,409],{"class":315},[73,99567,149],{"class":105},[73,99569,409],{"class":315},[73,99571,149],{"class":105},[73,99573,414],{"class":315},[73,99575,3475],{"class":105},[73,99577,99578],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99579,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,99583,102],{"class":101},[73,99585,106],{"class":105},[73,99587,1271],{"class":1270},[73,99589,106],{"class":105},[73,99591,15265],{"class":114},[73,99593,118],{"class":105},[73,99595,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,99597,102],{"class":101},[73,99599,106],{"class":105},[73,99601,15265],{"class":114},[73,99603,854],{"class":105},[73,99605,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,99607,102],{"class":101},[73,99609,106],{"class":105},[73,99611,10755],{"class":101},[73,99613,106],{"class":105},[73,99615,15265],{"class":114},[73,99617,118],{"class":105},[73,99619,99620,99622],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,99621,102],{"class":101},[73,99623,99624],{"class":105},"({})\n",[73,99626,99627,99629,99631,99633],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,99628,102],{"class":101},[73,99630,106],{"class":105},[73,99632,5875],{"class":1270},[73,99634,348],{"class":105},[20,99636,99637],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,99639,99640,99643,99646,99649],{},[33,99641,99642],{},"The object type",[33,99644,99645],{},"The actual values stored",[33,99647,99648],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,99650,99651,99652,355,99654],{},"The difference between ",[15,99653,3378],{},[15,99655,3383],{},[59,99657,1405],{"id":1404},[292,99659,99661],{"id":99660},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99663,99664,99665,99668,99669,99671],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99666,99667],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99670,3383],{}," with another iterable.",[292,99673,99675],{"id":99674},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99677,121,99678,99680,99681,99683],{},[15,99679,3383],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99682,3378],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[292,99685,99687],{"id":99686},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99689,99690],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[292,99692,99694],{"id":99693},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99696,99697],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[292,99699,99701],{"id":99700},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99703,99704],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[59,99706,1461],{"id":1460},[30,99708,99709,99713,99719,99725,99730],{},[33,99710,99711],{},[587,99712,95713],{"href":96884},[33,99714,99715],{},[587,99716,13,99717,10333],{"href":97885},[15,99718,95593],{},[33,99720,99721],{},[587,99722,13,99723,10333],{"href":97904},[15,99724,96699],{},[33,99726,99727],{},[587,99728,99729],{"href":98462},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,99731,99732],{},[587,99733,99734],{"href":98176},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99736,99737],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1500,99739,99740],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":99742},[99743,99744,99745,99746,99749,99755,99759,99760,99761,99767,99775,99776,99783],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":98148,"depth":98,"text":98149},{"id":98180,"depth":98,"text":98181,"children":99747},[99748],{"id":98249,"depth":332,"text":98250},{"id":98353,"depth":98,"text":99750,"children":99751},"Create a set with set()",[99752,99753,99754],{"id":98378,"depth":332,"text":98379},{"id":98466,"depth":332,"text":98467},{"id":98536,"depth":332,"text":98537},{"id":98621,"depth":98,"text":98622,"children":99756},[99757],{"id":98698,"depth":332,"text":99758},"Do not use {}",{"id":71650,"depth":98,"text":71651},{"id":98906,"depth":98,"text":98907},{"id":99078,"depth":98,"text":99079,"children":99762},[99763,99764,99765,99766],{"id":99082,"depth":332,"text":99083},{"id":99125,"depth":332,"text":99126},{"id":99192,"depth":332,"text":98537},{"id":99228,"depth":332,"text":99229},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":99768},[99769,99771,99772,99773,99774],{"id":99262,"depth":332,"text":99770},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99323,"depth":332,"text":99324},{"id":99376,"depth":332,"text":99377},{"id":99419,"depth":332,"text":99420},{"id":99446,"depth":332,"text":99447},{"id":92167,"depth":98,"text":92168},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":99777},[99778,99779,99780,99781,99782],{"id":99660,"depth":332,"text":99661},{"id":99674,"depth":332,"text":99675},{"id":99686,"depth":332,"text":99687},{"id":99693,"depth":332,"text":99694},{"id":99700,"depth":332,"text":99701},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97951,"description":99784},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99790,"title":99791,"body":99792,"description":102223,"extension":1552,"meta":102224,"navigation":335,"path":102225,"seo":102226,"stem":102227,"__hash__":102228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99793,"toc":102188},[99794,99800,99806,99809,99811,99888,99890,99907,99917,99919,99924,99932,99934,99950,99954,99956,99958,99961,99982,99985,100009,100015,100017,100114,100116,100133,100143,100145,100147,100155,100157,100168,100170,100261,100263,100287,100298,100300,100302,100305,100435,100437,100510,100512,100533,100536,100538,100544,100549,100552,100679,100681,100698,100701,100703,100711,100714,100718,100726,100817,100819,100856,100861,100868,100945,100947,100963,100968,100973,100975,100984,100992,101073,101075,101104,101107,101111,101122,101125,101208,101210,101231,101237,101239,101241,101245,101249,101256,101321,101323,101343,101346,101415,101417,101433,101437,101443,101455,101463,101465,101550,101552,101581,101584,101588,101593,101595,101645,101648,101729,101731,101747,101751,101754,101829,101832,101836,101839,101916,101918,101951,101957,101961,101964,102099,102101,102115,102117,102119,102125,102128,102135,102143,102149,102152,102156,102159,102161,102163,102185],[10,99795,95585,99797,10916],{"id":99796},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99798,99799],{},"difference()",[20,99801,99802,99805],{},[15,99803,99804],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99807,99808],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[59,99810,3195],{"id":3194},[64,99812,99814],{"className":66,"code":99813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99815,99816,99840,99860,99878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99819,2145],{"class":79},[73,99821,84],{"class":83},[73,99823,10083],{"class":105},[73,99825,404],{"class":315},[73,99827,149],{"class":105},[73,99829,409],{"class":315},[73,99831,149],{"class":105},[73,99833,414],{"class":315},[73,99835,149],{"class":105},[73,99837,2047],{"class":315},[73,99839,8901],{"class":105},[73,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,99843,2173],{"class":79},[73,99845,84],{"class":83},[73,99847,10083],{"class":105},[73,99849,1652],{"class":315},[73,99851,149],{"class":105},[73,99853,2047],{"class":315},[73,99855,149],{"class":105},[73,99857,4194],{"class":315},[73,99859,8901],{"class":105},[73,99861,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,99863,1819],{"class":79},[73,99865,84],{"class":83},[73,99867,56267],{"class":79},[73,99869,817],{"class":105},[73,99871,2402],{"class":114},[73,99873,106],{"class":105},[73,99875,4350],{"class":114},[73,99877,854],{"class":105},[73,99879,99880,99882,99884,99886],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,99881,102],{"class":101},[73,99883,106],{"class":105},[73,99885,1854],{"class":114},[73,99887,854],{"class":105},[20,99889,1660],{},[64,99891,99893],{"className":66,"code":99892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99894,99895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99898,8870],{"class":105},[73,99900,404],{"class":315},[73,99902,149],{"class":105},[73,99904,409],{"class":315},[73,99906,8901],{"class":105},[20,99908,99909,99911,99912,99914,99915,817],{},[15,99910,99799],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99913,587],{}," that are not in ",[15,99916,4350],{},[44292,99918],{},[59,99920,236,99922,239],{"id":99921},"what-difference-does",[15,99923,99799],{},[20,99925,1569,99926,99928,99929,99931],{},[15,99927,99799],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[55,99930,806],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99933,12649],{},[30,99935,99936,99941,99944,99947],{},[33,99937,99938,99940],{},[15,99939,99799],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,99942,99943],{},"It creates a new set",[33,99945,99946],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,99948,99949],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99951,95709,99952,817],{},[587,99953,95713],{"href":96884},[44292,99955],{},[59,99957,285],{"id":284},[20,99959,99960],{},"Use this form:",[64,99962,99964],{"className":66,"code":99963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99965,99966],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99967,99968,99971,99973,99975,99977,99980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99969,99970],{"class":79},"set1",[73,99972,817],{"class":105},[73,99974,2402],{"class":114},[73,99976,106],{"class":105},[73,99978,99979],{"class":114},"set2",[73,99981,854],{"class":105},[20,99983,99984],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[64,99986,99988],{"className":66,"code":99987,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99989,99990],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99991,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100007],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99993,99970],{"class":79},[73,99995,817],{"class":105},[73,99997,2402],{"class":114},[73,99999,106],{"class":105},[73,100001,99979],{"class":114},[73,100003,149],{"class":105},[73,100005,100006],{"class":114}," set3",[73,100008,854],{"class":105},[20,100010,100011,100012,100014],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[55,100013,4940],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100016,714],{},[64,100018,100020],{"className":66,"code":100019,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100021,100022,100050,100066,100078,100082,100104],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100023,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100025,2145],{"class":79},[73,100027,84],{"class":83},[73,100029,10083],{"class":105},[73,100031,404],{"class":315},[73,100033,149],{"class":105},[73,100035,409],{"class":315},[73,100037,149],{"class":105},[73,100039,414],{"class":315},[73,100041,149],{"class":105},[73,100043,2047],{"class":315},[73,100045,149],{"class":105},[73,100047,4194],{"class":315},[73,100049,8901],{"class":105},[73,100051,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100053,2173],{"class":79},[73,100055,84],{"class":83},[73,100057,10083],{"class":105},[73,100059,1646],{"class":315},[73,100061,149],{"class":105},[73,100063,414],{"class":315},[73,100065,8901],{"class":105},[73,100067,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100069,82568],{"class":79},[73,100071,84],{"class":83},[73,100073,10083],{"class":105},[73,100075,1727],{"class":315},[73,100077,8901],{"class":105},[73,100079,100080],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100081,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100083,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100085,1819],{"class":79},[73,100087,84],{"class":83},[73,100089,56267],{"class":79},[73,100091,817],{"class":105},[73,100093,2402],{"class":114},[73,100095,106],{"class":105},[73,100097,4350],{"class":114},[73,100099,149],{"class":105},[73,100101,9274],{"class":114},[73,100103,854],{"class":105},[73,100105,100106,100108,100110,100112],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100107,102],{"class":101},[73,100109,106],{"class":105},[73,100111,1854],{"class":114},[73,100113,854],{"class":105},[20,100115,1660],{},[64,100117,100119],{"className":66,"code":100118,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100120,100121],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100122,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100124,8870],{"class":105},[73,100126,404],{"class":315},[73,100128,149],{"class":105},[73,100130,2047],{"class":315},[73,100132,8901],{"class":105},[20,100134,100135,100136,100138,100139,2468,100141,817],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100137,587],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100140,4350],{},[15,100142,9332],{},[44292,100144],{},[59,100146,17017],{"id":17016},[20,100148,100149,100151,100152,817],{},[15,100150,99799],{}," always returns a ",[55,100153,100154],{},"new set",[20,100156,43025],{},[30,100158,100159,100162,100165],{},[33,100160,100161],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100163,100164],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100166,100167],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100169,714],{},[64,100171,100173],{"className":66,"code":100172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100174,100175,100191,100211,100215,100233,100237,100247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100176,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100178,2145],{"class":79},[73,100180,84],{"class":83},[73,100182,10083],{"class":105},[73,100184,404],{"class":315},[73,100186,149],{"class":105},[73,100188,409],{"class":315},[73,100190,8901],{"class":105},[73,100192,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100194,2173],{"class":79},[73,100196,84],{"class":83},[73,100198,10083],{"class":105},[73,100200,404],{"class":315},[73,100202,149],{"class":105},[73,100204,409],{"class":315},[73,100206,149],{"class":105},[73,100208,414],{"class":315},[73,100210,8901],{"class":105},[73,100212,100213],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100214,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100216,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100218,1819],{"class":79},[73,100220,84],{"class":83},[73,100222,56267],{"class":79},[73,100224,817],{"class":105},[73,100226,2402],{"class":114},[73,100228,106],{"class":105},[73,100230,4350],{"class":114},[73,100232,854],{"class":105},[73,100234,100235],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100236,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100238,100239,100241,100243,100245],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100240,102],{"class":101},[73,100242,106],{"class":105},[73,100244,1854],{"class":114},[73,100246,854],{"class":105},[73,100248,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,100250,102],{"class":101},[73,100252,106],{"class":105},[73,100254,1271],{"class":1270},[73,100256,106],{"class":105},[73,100258,1854],{"class":114},[73,100260,118],{"class":105},[20,100262,1660],{},[64,100264,100265],{"className":66,"code":98673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,100266,100267,100273],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100268,100269,100271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100270,5875],{"class":1270},[73,100272,8233],{"class":105},[73,100274,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100276,2879],{"class":83},[73,100278,2882],{"class":633},[73,100280,152],{"class":87},[73,100282,5875],{"class":91},[73,100284,141],{"class":87},[73,100286,2891],{"class":83},[20,100288,100289,100290,18562,100292,100294,100295,100297],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100291,3383],{},[15,100293,3378],{},". In Python, ",[15,100296,3378],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44292,100299],{},[59,100301,11069],{"id":11068},[20,100303,100304],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[64,100306,100308],{"className":66,"code":100307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100309,100310,100343,100376,100380,100400,100404,100414,100425],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100311,100312,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100313,100314],{"class":79},"fruits_a ",[73,100316,84],{"class":83},[73,100318,10083],{"class":105},[73,100320,384],{"class":87},[73,100322,3666],{"class":91},[73,100324,384],{"class":87},[73,100326,149],{"class":105},[73,100328,88],{"class":87},[73,100330,3675],{"class":91},[73,100332,384],{"class":87},[73,100334,149],{"class":105},[73,100336,88],{"class":87},[73,100338,32818],{"class":91},[73,100340,384],{"class":87},[73,100342,8901],{"class":105},[73,100344,100345,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100346,100347],{"class":79},"fruits_b ",[73,100349,84],{"class":83},[73,100351,10083],{"class":105},[73,100353,384],{"class":87},[73,100355,3675],{"class":91},[73,100357,384],{"class":87},[73,100359,149],{"class":105},[73,100361,88],{"class":87},[73,100363,32818],{"class":91},[73,100365,384],{"class":87},[73,100367,149],{"class":105},[73,100369,88],{"class":87},[73,100371,22132],{"class":91},[73,100373,384],{"class":87},[73,100375,8901],{"class":105},[73,100377,100378],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100379,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100381,100382,100384,100386,100389,100391,100393,100395,100398],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100383,1819],{"class":79},[73,100385,84],{"class":83},[73,100387,100388],{"class":79}," fruits_a",[73,100390,817],{"class":105},[73,100392,2402],{"class":114},[73,100394,106],{"class":105},[73,100396,100397],{"class":114},"fruits_b",[73,100399,854],{"class":105},[73,100401,100402],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100403,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100405,100406,100408,100410,100412],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100407,102],{"class":101},[73,100409,106],{"class":105},[73,100411,1854],{"class":114},[73,100413,854],{"class":105},[73,100415,100416,100418,100420,100423],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,100417,102],{"class":101},[73,100419,106],{"class":105},[73,100421,100422],{"class":114},"fruits_a",[73,100424,854],{"class":105},[73,100426,100427,100429,100431,100433],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,100428,102],{"class":101},[73,100430,106],{"class":105},[73,100432,100397],{"class":114},[73,100434,854],{"class":105},[20,100436,29627],{},[64,100438,100440],{"className":66,"code":100439,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100441,100442,100454,100482],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100443,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100445,8870],{"class":105},[73,100447,141],{"class":87},[73,100449,3666],{"class":91},[73,100451,141],{"class":87},[73,100453,8901],{"class":105},[73,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100457,8870],{"class":105},[73,100459,141],{"class":87},[73,100461,3675],{"class":91},[73,100463,141],{"class":87},[73,100465,149],{"class":105},[73,100467,152],{"class":87},[73,100469,32818],{"class":91},[73,100471,141],{"class":87},[73,100473,149],{"class":105},[73,100475,152],{"class":87},[73,100477,3666],{"class":91},[73,100479,141],{"class":87},[73,100481,8901],{"class":105},[73,100483,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100485,8870],{"class":105},[73,100487,141],{"class":87},[73,100489,3675],{"class":91},[73,100491,141],{"class":87},[73,100493,149],{"class":105},[73,100495,152],{"class":87},[73,100497,32818],{"class":91},[73,100499,141],{"class":87},[73,100501,149],{"class":105},[73,100503,152],{"class":87},[73,100505,22132],{"class":91},[73,100507,141],{"class":87},[73,100509,8901],{"class":105},[20,100511,11278],{},[30,100513,100514,100519,100524,100530],{},[33,100515,100516,100517],{},"Start with ",[15,100518,100422],{},[33,100520,100521,100522],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100523,100397],{},[33,100525,100526,100527,100529],{},"Only ",[15,100528,57213],{}," remains",[33,100531,100532],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100534,100535],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44292,100537],{},[59,100539,438,100541,100543],{"id":100540},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100542,99799],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100545,100546,100547,817],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100548,99799],{},[20,100550,100551],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[64,100553,100555],{"className":66,"code":100554,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100556,100557,100589,100606,100619,100636,100640,100669],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100558,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100560,523],{"class":79},[73,100562,84],{"class":83},[73,100564,10083],{"class":105},[73,100566,404],{"class":315},[73,100568,149],{"class":105},[73,100570,409],{"class":315},[73,100572,149],{"class":105},[73,100574,414],{"class":315},[73,100576,149],{"class":105},[73,100578,2047],{"class":315},[73,100580,149],{"class":105},[73,100582,4194],{"class":315},[73,100584,149],{"class":105},[73,100586,37015],{"class":315},[73,100588,8901],{"class":105},[73,100590,100591,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100592,100593],{"class":79},"group_a ",[73,100595,84],{"class":83},[73,100597,10083],{"class":105},[73,100599,1646],{"class":315},[73,100601,149],{"class":105},[73,100603,2047],{"class":315},[73,100605,8901],{"class":105},[73,100607,100608,100611,100613,100615,100617],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100609,100610],{"class":79},"group_b ",[73,100612,84],{"class":83},[73,100614,10083],{"class":105},[73,100616,1727],{"class":315},[73,100618,8901],{"class":105},[73,100620,100621,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100622,100623],{"class":79},"group_c ",[73,100625,84],{"class":83},[73,100627,10083],{"class":105},[73,100629,79976],{"class":315},[73,100631,149],{"class":105},[73,100633,5581],{"class":315},[73,100635,8901],{"class":105},[73,100637,100638],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100639,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100641,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100657,100659,100662,100664,100667],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100643,1819],{"class":79},[73,100645,84],{"class":83},[73,100647,3851],{"class":79},[73,100649,817],{"class":105},[73,100651,2402],{"class":114},[73,100653,106],{"class":105},[73,100655,100656],{"class":114},"group_a",[73,100658,149],{"class":105},[73,100660,100661],{"class":114}," group_b",[73,100663,149],{"class":105},[73,100665,100666],{"class":114}," group_c",[73,100668,854],{"class":105},[73,100670,100671,100673,100675,100677],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,100672,102],{"class":101},[73,100674,106],{"class":105},[73,100676,1854],{"class":114},[73,100678,854],{"class":105},[20,100680,1660],{},[64,100682,100684],{"className":66,"code":100683,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100685,100686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100687,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100689,8870],{"class":105},[73,100691,404],{"class":315},[73,100693,149],{"class":105},[73,100695,414],{"class":315},[73,100697,8901],{"class":105},[20,100699,100700],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44292,100702],{},[59,100704,100706,1011,100708],{"id":100705},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100707,99799],{},[15,100709,100710],{},"difference_update()",[20,100712,100713],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[292,100715,100716],{"id":2402},[15,100717,99799],{},[30,100719,100720,100723],{},[33,100721,100722],{},"Returns a new set",[33,100724,100725],{},"Does not change the original set",[64,100727,100729],{"className":66,"code":100728,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100730,100731,100755,100771,100775,100793,100797,100807],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100732,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100734,2145],{"class":79},[73,100736,84],{"class":83},[73,100738,10083],{"class":105},[73,100740,404],{"class":315},[73,100742,149],{"class":105},[73,100744,409],{"class":315},[73,100746,149],{"class":105},[73,100748,414],{"class":315},[73,100750,149],{"class":105},[73,100752,2047],{"class":315},[73,100754,8901],{"class":105},[73,100756,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100758,2173],{"class":79},[73,100760,84],{"class":83},[73,100762,10083],{"class":105},[73,100764,1652],{"class":315},[73,100766,149],{"class":105},[73,100768,2047],{"class":315},[73,100770,8901],{"class":105},[73,100772,100773],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100774,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100776,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100778,1819],{"class":79},[73,100780,84],{"class":83},[73,100782,56267],{"class":79},[73,100784,817],{"class":105},[73,100786,2402],{"class":114},[73,100788,106],{"class":105},[73,100790,4350],{"class":114},[73,100792,854],{"class":105},[73,100794,100795],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100796,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100798,100799,100801,100803,100805],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100800,102],{"class":101},[73,100802,106],{"class":105},[73,100804,1854],{"class":114},[73,100806,854],{"class":105},[73,100808,100809,100811,100813,100815],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,100810,102],{"class":101},[73,100812,106],{"class":105},[73,100814,587],{"class":114},[73,100816,854],{"class":105},[20,100818,1660],{},[64,100820,100822],{"className":66,"code":100821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100823,100824,100836],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100825,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100827,8870],{"class":105},[73,100829,404],{"class":315},[73,100831,149],{"class":105},[73,100833,409],{"class":315},[73,100835,8901],{"class":105},[73,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100839,8870],{"class":105},[73,100841,404],{"class":315},[73,100843,149],{"class":105},[73,100845,409],{"class":315},[73,100847,149],{"class":105},[73,100849,414],{"class":315},[73,100851,149],{"class":105},[73,100853,2047],{"class":315},[73,100855,8901],{"class":105},[292,100857,100859],{"id":100858},"difference_update",[15,100860,100710],{},[30,100862,100863,100866],{},[33,100864,100865],{},"Changes the original set",[33,100867,95703],{},[64,100869,100871],{"className":66,"code":100870,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100872,100873,100897,100913,100917,100931,100935],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100876,2145],{"class":79},[73,100878,84],{"class":83},[73,100880,10083],{"class":105},[73,100882,404],{"class":315},[73,100884,149],{"class":105},[73,100886,409],{"class":315},[73,100888,149],{"class":105},[73,100890,414],{"class":315},[73,100892,149],{"class":105},[73,100894,2047],{"class":315},[73,100896,8901],{"class":105},[73,100898,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,100900,2173],{"class":79},[73,100902,84],{"class":83},[73,100904,10083],{"class":105},[73,100906,1652],{"class":315},[73,100908,149],{"class":105},[73,100910,2047],{"class":315},[73,100912,8901],{"class":105},[73,100914,100915],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,100916,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100918,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,100920,587],{"class":79},[73,100922,817],{"class":105},[73,100924,100858],{"class":114},[73,100926,106],{"class":105},[73,100928,4350],{"class":114},[73,100930,854],{"class":105},[73,100932,100933],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,100934,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,100936,100937,100939,100941,100943],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,100938,102],{"class":101},[73,100940,106],{"class":105},[73,100942,587],{"class":114},[73,100944,854],{"class":105},[20,100946,1660],{},[64,100948,100949],{"className":66,"code":99892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,100950,100951],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100952,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100954,8870],{"class":105},[73,100956,404],{"class":315},[73,100958,149],{"class":105},[73,100960,409],{"class":315},[73,100962,8901],{"class":105},[20,100964,121,100965,100967],{},[15,100966,99799],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100969,100970,100971,33198],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100972,100710],{},[44292,100974],{},[59,100976,100978,100980,100981,100983],{"id":100977},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100979,99799],{}," vs the ",[15,100982,1611],{}," operator",[20,100985,1569,100986,100988,100989,100991],{},[15,100987,1611],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100990,99799],{}," for two sets.",[64,100993,100995],{"className":66,"code":100994,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100996,100997,101021,101037,101041,101059],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100998,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101000,2145],{"class":79},[73,101002,84],{"class":83},[73,101004,10083],{"class":105},[73,101006,404],{"class":315},[73,101008,149],{"class":105},[73,101010,409],{"class":315},[73,101012,149],{"class":105},[73,101014,414],{"class":315},[73,101016,149],{"class":105},[73,101018,2047],{"class":315},[73,101020,8901],{"class":105},[73,101022,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101024,2173],{"class":79},[73,101026,84],{"class":83},[73,101028,10083],{"class":105},[73,101030,1652],{"class":315},[73,101032,149],{"class":105},[73,101034,2047],{"class":315},[73,101036,8901],{"class":105},[73,101038,101039],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101040,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101042,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101044,102],{"class":101},[73,101046,106],{"class":105},[73,101048,587],{"class":114},[73,101050,817],{"class":105},[73,101052,2402],{"class":114},[73,101054,106],{"class":105},[73,101056,4350],{"class":114},[73,101058,118],{"class":105},[73,101060,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101062,102],{"class":101},[73,101064,106],{"class":105},[73,101066,2145],{"class":114},[73,101068,1611],{"class":83},[73,101070,2150],{"class":114},[73,101072,854],{"class":105},[20,101074,1660],{},[64,101076,101078],{"className":66,"code":101077,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101079,101080,101092],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101081,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101083,8870],{"class":105},[73,101085,404],{"class":315},[73,101087,149],{"class":105},[73,101089,409],{"class":315},[73,101091,8901],{"class":105},[73,101093,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101095,8870],{"class":105},[73,101097,404],{"class":315},[73,101099,149],{"class":105},[73,101101,409],{"class":315},[73,101103,8901],{"class":105},[20,101105,101106],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101108,93973,101109,1424],{},[15,101110,99799],{},[30,101112,101113,101116,101119],{},[33,101114,101115],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101117,101118],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101120,101121],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101123,101124],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[64,101126,101128],{"className":66,"code":101127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101129,101130,101158,101170,101182,101186],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101131,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101133,2145],{"class":79},[73,101135,84],{"class":83},[73,101137,10083],{"class":105},[73,101139,404],{"class":315},[73,101141,149],{"class":105},[73,101143,409],{"class":315},[73,101145,149],{"class":105},[73,101147,414],{"class":315},[73,101149,149],{"class":105},[73,101151,2047],{"class":315},[73,101153,149],{"class":105},[73,101155,4194],{"class":315},[73,101157,8901],{"class":105},[73,101159,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101161,2173],{"class":79},[73,101163,84],{"class":83},[73,101165,10083],{"class":105},[73,101167,1646],{"class":315},[73,101169,8901],{"class":105},[73,101171,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101173,82568],{"class":79},[73,101175,84],{"class":83},[73,101177,10083],{"class":105},[73,101179,2095],{"class":315},[73,101181,8901],{"class":105},[73,101183,101184],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101185,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101187,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101189,102],{"class":101},[73,101191,106],{"class":105},[73,101193,587],{"class":114},[73,101195,817],{"class":105},[73,101197,2402],{"class":114},[73,101199,106],{"class":105},[73,101201,4350],{"class":114},[73,101203,149],{"class":105},[73,101205,9274],{"class":114},[73,101207,118],{"class":105},[20,101209,1660],{},[64,101211,101213],{"className":66,"code":101212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101214,101215],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101216,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101218,8870],{"class":105},[73,101220,404],{"class":315},[73,101222,149],{"class":105},[73,101224,414],{"class":315},[73,101226,149],{"class":105},[73,101228,4194],{"class":315},[73,101230,8901],{"class":105},[20,101232,101233,101234,101236],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101235,1611],{}," operator expression.",[44292,101238],{},[59,101240,4107],{"id":4106},[20,101242,20811,101243,817],{},[15,101244,99799],{},[292,101246,101248],{"id":101247},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101250,4217,101251,101253,101254,2475],{},[55,101252,806],{}," change ",[15,101255,587],{},[64,101257,101259],{"className":66,"code":101258,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101260,101261,101281,101293,101297,101311],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101262,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101264,2145],{"class":79},[73,101266,84],{"class":83},[73,101268,10083],{"class":105},[73,101270,404],{"class":315},[73,101272,149],{"class":105},[73,101274,409],{"class":315},[73,101276,149],{"class":105},[73,101278,414],{"class":315},[73,101280,8901],{"class":105},[73,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101284,2173],{"class":79},[73,101286,84],{"class":83},[73,101288,10083],{"class":105},[73,101290,1652],{"class":315},[73,101292,8901],{"class":105},[73,101294,101295],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101296,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101298,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101300,587],{"class":79},[73,101302,817],{"class":105},[73,101304,2402],{"class":114},[73,101306,106],{"class":105},[73,101308,4350],{"class":114},[73,101310,854],{"class":105},[73,101312,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101314,102],{"class":101},[73,101316,106],{"class":105},[73,101318,587],{"class":114},[73,101320,854],{"class":105},[20,101322,1660],{},[64,101324,101325],{"className":66,"code":95992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,101326,101327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101328,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101330,8870],{"class":105},[73,101332,404],{"class":315},[73,101334,149],{"class":105},[73,101336,409],{"class":315},[73,101338,149],{"class":105},[73,101340,414],{"class":315},[73,101342,8901],{"class":105},[20,101344,101345],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[64,101347,101349],{"className":66,"code":101348,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101350,101351,101371,101383,101387,101405],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101352,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101354,2145],{"class":79},[73,101356,84],{"class":83},[73,101358,10083],{"class":105},[73,101360,404],{"class":315},[73,101362,149],{"class":105},[73,101364,409],{"class":315},[73,101366,149],{"class":105},[73,101368,414],{"class":315},[73,101370,8901],{"class":105},[73,101372,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101374,2173],{"class":79},[73,101376,84],{"class":83},[73,101378,10083],{"class":105},[73,101380,1652],{"class":315},[73,101382,8901],{"class":105},[73,101384,101385],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101386,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101388,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101390,2145],{"class":79},[73,101392,84],{"class":83},[73,101394,56267],{"class":79},[73,101396,817],{"class":105},[73,101398,2402],{"class":114},[73,101400,106],{"class":105},[73,101402,4350],{"class":114},[73,101404,854],{"class":105},[73,101406,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101408,102],{"class":101},[73,101410,106],{"class":105},[73,101412,587],{"class":114},[73,101414,854],{"class":105},[20,101416,1660],{},[64,101418,101419],{"className":66,"code":99892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,101420,101421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101422,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101424,8870],{"class":105},[73,101426,404],{"class":315},[73,101428,149],{"class":105},[73,101430,409],{"class":315},[73,101432,8901],{"class":105},[292,101434,101436],{"id":101435},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101438,101439,101442],{},[15,101440,101441],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101444,101445,101450],{},[33,101446,101447,101448],{},"keep items from ",[15,101449,587],{},[33,101451,101452,101453],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101454,4350],{},[20,101456,40279,101457,101459,101460,101462],{},[55,101458,806],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101461,4350],{},"”.",[20,101464,714],{},[64,101466,101468],{"className":66,"code":101467,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101469,101470,101490,101510,101514,101532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101473,2145],{"class":79},[73,101475,84],{"class":83},[73,101477,10083],{"class":105},[73,101479,404],{"class":315},[73,101481,149],{"class":105},[73,101483,409],{"class":315},[73,101485,149],{"class":105},[73,101487,414],{"class":315},[73,101489,8901],{"class":105},[73,101491,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101493,2173],{"class":79},[73,101495,84],{"class":83},[73,101497,10083],{"class":105},[73,101499,1652],{"class":315},[73,101501,149],{"class":105},[73,101503,2047],{"class":315},[73,101505,149],{"class":105},[73,101507,4194],{"class":315},[73,101509,8901],{"class":105},[73,101511,101512],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101513,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101517,102],{"class":101},[73,101519,106],{"class":105},[73,101521,587],{"class":114},[73,101523,817],{"class":105},[73,101525,2402],{"class":114},[73,101527,106],{"class":105},[73,101529,4350],{"class":114},[73,101531,118],{"class":105},[73,101533,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101535,102],{"class":101},[73,101537,106],{"class":105},[73,101539,4350],{"class":114},[73,101541,817],{"class":105},[73,101543,2402],{"class":114},[73,101545,106],{"class":105},[73,101547,587],{"class":114},[73,101549,118],{"class":105},[20,101551,1660],{},[64,101553,101555],{"className":66,"code":101554,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101556,101557,101569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101558,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101560,8870],{"class":105},[73,101562,404],{"class":315},[73,101564,149],{"class":105},[73,101566,409],{"class":315},[73,101568,8901],{"class":105},[73,101570,101571,101573,101575,101577,101579],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101572,8870],{"class":105},[73,101574,2095],{"class":315},[73,101576,149],{"class":105},[73,101578,4194],{"class":315},[73,101580,8901],{"class":105},[20,101582,101583],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[292,101585,101587],{"id":101586},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101589,101590,101592],{},[15,101591,99799],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101594,54698],{},[64,101596,101598],{"className":66,"code":101597,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101599,101600,101620,101636,101640],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101601,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101603,2145],{"class":79},[73,101605,84],{"class":83},[73,101607,528],{"class":105},[73,101609,404],{"class":315},[73,101611,149],{"class":105},[73,101613,409],{"class":315},[73,101615,149],{"class":105},[73,101617,414],{"class":315},[73,101619,229],{"class":105},[73,101621,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101623,2173],{"class":79},[73,101625,84],{"class":83},[73,101627,528],{"class":105},[73,101629,1652],{"class":315},[73,101631,149],{"class":105},[73,101633,2047],{"class":315},[73,101635,229],{"class":105},[73,101637,101638],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101639,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101641,101642],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101643,101644],{"class":3249},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101646,101647],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[64,101649,101651],{"className":66,"code":101650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101652,101653,101673,101689,101693,101719],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101656,2145],{"class":79},[73,101658,84],{"class":83},[73,101660,528],{"class":105},[73,101662,404],{"class":315},[73,101664,149],{"class":105},[73,101666,409],{"class":315},[73,101668,149],{"class":105},[73,101670,414],{"class":315},[73,101672,229],{"class":105},[73,101674,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101676,2173],{"class":79},[73,101678,84],{"class":83},[73,101680,528],{"class":105},[73,101682,1652],{"class":315},[73,101684,149],{"class":105},[73,101686,2047],{"class":315},[73,101688,229],{"class":105},[73,101690,101691],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101692,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101694,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101696,1819],{"class":79},[73,101698,84],{"class":83},[73,101700,15232],{"class":1270},[73,101702,106],{"class":105},[73,101704,587],{"class":114},[73,101706,8223],{"class":105},[73,101708,2402],{"class":114},[73,101710,106],{"class":105},[73,101712,5875],{"class":1270},[73,101714,106],{"class":105},[73,101716,4350],{"class":114},[73,101718,118],{"class":105},[73,101720,101721,101723,101725,101727],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101722,102],{"class":101},[73,101724,106],{"class":105},[73,101726,1854],{"class":114},[73,101728,854],{"class":105},[20,101730,1660],{},[64,101732,101733],{"className":66,"code":99892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,101734,101735],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101738,8870],{"class":105},[73,101740,404],{"class":315},[73,101742,149],{"class":105},[73,101744,409],{"class":315},[73,101746,8901],{"class":105},[292,101748,101750],{"id":101749},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101752,101753],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[64,101755,101757],{"className":66,"code":101756,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101758,101759,101791,101807,101811],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101760,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101762,2145],{"class":79},[73,101764,84],{"class":83},[73,101766,10083],{"class":105},[73,101768,384],{"class":87},[73,101770,36418],{"class":91},[73,101772,384],{"class":87},[73,101774,149],{"class":105},[73,101776,88],{"class":87},[73,101778,57507],{"class":91},[73,101780,384],{"class":87},[73,101782,149],{"class":105},[73,101784,88],{"class":87},[73,101786,57524],{"class":91},[73,101788,384],{"class":87},[73,101790,8901],{"class":105},[73,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101794,2173],{"class":79},[73,101796,84],{"class":83},[73,101798,10083],{"class":105},[73,101800,384],{"class":87},[73,101802,57507],{"class":91},[73,101804,384],{"class":87},[73,101806,8901],{"class":105},[73,101808,101809],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101810,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101814,102],{"class":101},[73,101816,106],{"class":105},[73,101818,587],{"class":114},[73,101820,817],{"class":105},[73,101822,2402],{"class":114},[73,101824,106],{"class":105},[73,101826,4350],{"class":114},[73,101828,118],{"class":105},[20,101830,101831],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[292,101833,101835],{"id":101834},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101837,101838],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[64,101840,101842],{"className":66,"code":101841,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101843,101844,101872,101884,101888,101898],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101845,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101847,2145],{"class":79},[73,101849,84],{"class":83},[73,101851,10083],{"class":105},[73,101853,404],{"class":315},[73,101855,149],{"class":105},[73,101857,5084],{"class":315},[73,101859,149],{"class":105},[73,101861,409],{"class":315},[73,101863,149],{"class":105},[73,101865,409],{"class":315},[73,101867,149],{"class":105},[73,101869,414],{"class":315},[73,101871,8901],{"class":105},[73,101873,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101875,2173],{"class":79},[73,101877,84],{"class":83},[73,101879,10083],{"class":105},[73,101881,1652],{"class":315},[73,101883,8901],{"class":105},[73,101885,101886],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,101887,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,101889,101890,101892,101894,101896],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,101891,102],{"class":101},[73,101893,106],{"class":105},[73,101895,587],{"class":114},[73,101897,854],{"class":105},[73,101899,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,101901,102],{"class":101},[73,101903,106],{"class":105},[73,101905,587],{"class":114},[73,101907,817],{"class":105},[73,101909,2402],{"class":114},[73,101911,106],{"class":105},[73,101913,4350],{"class":114},[73,101915,118],{"class":105},[20,101917,1660],{},[64,101919,101921],{"className":66,"code":101920,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101922,101923,101939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101924,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101926,8870],{"class":105},[73,101928,404],{"class":315},[73,101930,149],{"class":105},[73,101932,409],{"class":315},[73,101934,149],{"class":105},[73,101936,414],{"class":315},[73,101938,8901],{"class":105},[73,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101942,8870],{"class":105},[73,101944,404],{"class":315},[73,101946,149],{"class":105},[73,101948,409],{"class":315},[73,101950,8901],{"class":105},[20,101952,101953,101954,101956],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101955,99799],{}," runs.",[292,101958,101960],{"id":101959},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101962,101963],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[64,101965,101967],{"className":66,"code":101966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101968,101969,101993,102013,102017,102027,102037,102055,102077],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101972,2145],{"class":79},[73,101974,84],{"class":83},[73,101976,10083],{"class":105},[73,101978,404],{"class":315},[73,101980,149],{"class":105},[73,101982,409],{"class":315},[73,101984,149],{"class":105},[73,101986,414],{"class":315},[73,101988,149],{"class":105},[73,101990,2047],{"class":315},[73,101992,8901],{"class":105},[73,101994,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,101996,2173],{"class":79},[73,101998,84],{"class":83},[73,102000,10083],{"class":105},[73,102002,1652],{"class":315},[73,102004,149],{"class":105},[73,102006,2047],{"class":315},[73,102008,149],{"class":105},[73,102010,4194],{"class":315},[73,102012,8901],{"class":105},[73,102014,102015],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102016,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102018,102019,102021,102023,102025],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,102020,102],{"class":101},[73,102022,106],{"class":105},[73,102024,587],{"class":114},[73,102026,854],{"class":105},[73,102028,102029,102031,102033,102035],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,102030,102],{"class":101},[73,102032,106],{"class":105},[73,102034,4350],{"class":114},[73,102036,854],{"class":105},[73,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,102040,102],{"class":101},[73,102042,106],{"class":105},[73,102044,587],{"class":114},[73,102046,817],{"class":105},[73,102048,2402],{"class":114},[73,102050,106],{"class":105},[73,102052,4350],{"class":114},[73,102054,118],{"class":105},[73,102056,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,102058,102],{"class":101},[73,102060,106],{"class":105},[73,102062,1271],{"class":1270},[73,102064,106],{"class":105},[73,102066,587],{"class":114},[73,102068,817],{"class":105},[73,102070,2402],{"class":114},[73,102072,106],{"class":105},[73,102074,4350],{"class":114},[73,102076,2503],{"class":105},[73,102078,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,102080,102],{"class":101},[73,102082,106],{"class":105},[73,102084,10755],{"class":101},[73,102086,106],{"class":105},[73,102088,587],{"class":114},[73,102090,817],{"class":105},[73,102092,2402],{"class":114},[73,102094,106],{"class":105},[73,102096,4350],{"class":114},[73,102098,2503],{"class":105},[20,102100,10764],{},[30,102102,102103,102106,102109,102112],{},[33,102104,102105],{},"what is in each set",[33,102107,102108],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102110,102111],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102113,102114],{},"how many items remain",[44292,102116],{},[59,102118,1405],{"id":1404},[292,102120,12300,102122,102124],{"id":102121},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102123,99799],{}," change the original set?",[20,102126,102127],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[292,102129,1419,102131,355,102133,1424],{"id":102130},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102132,99799],{},[15,102134,100710],{},[20,102136,102137,102139,102140,102142],{},[15,102138,99799],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102141,100710],{}," modifies the original set.",[292,102144,27925,102146,102148],{"id":102145},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102147,99799],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102150,102151],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[292,102153,102155],{"id":102154},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102157,102158],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44292,102160],{},[59,102162,1461],{"id":1460},[30,102164,102165,102169,102177],{},[33,102166,102167],{},[587,102168,95713],{"href":96884},[33,102170,102171],{},[587,102172,96199,102174,10333],{"href":102173},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102175,102176],{},"intersection()",[33,102178,102179],{},[587,102180,96199,102182,10333],{"href":102181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102183,102184],{},"union()",[1500,102186,102187],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":102189},[102190,102191,102193,102194,102195,102196,102198,102203,102205,102213,102222],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":99921,"depth":98,"text":102192},"What difference() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":100540,"depth":98,"text":102197},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100705,"depth":98,"text":102199,"children":102200},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102201,102202],{"id":2402,"depth":332,"text":99799},{"id":100858,"depth":332,"text":100710},{"id":100977,"depth":98,"text":102204},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":102206},[102207,102208,102209,102210,102211,102212],{"id":101247,"depth":332,"text":101248},{"id":101435,"depth":332,"text":101436},{"id":101586,"depth":332,"text":101587},{"id":101749,"depth":332,"text":101750},{"id":101834,"depth":332,"text":101835},{"id":101959,"depth":332,"text":101960},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":102214},[102215,102217,102219,102221],{"id":102121,"depth":332,"text":102216},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102130,"depth":332,"text":102218},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102145,"depth":332,"text":102220},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102154,"depth":332,"text":102155},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99791,"description":102223},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102230,"title":102231,"body":102232,"description":103927,"extension":1552,"meta":103928,"navigation":335,"path":103929,"seo":103930,"stem":103931,"__hash__":103932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102233,"toc":103889},[102234,102240,102246,102259,102261,102362,102364,102409,102414,102419,102423,102437,102440,102448,102450,102469,102487,102491,102544,102546,102567,102574,102579,102606,102613,102712,102714,102751,102759,102763,102769,102772,102845,102847,102855,102860,102929,102931,102956,102958,102961,103064,103066,103127,103130,103134,103140,103213,103215,103248,103251,103254,103294,103300,103323,103328,103332,103343,103346,103348,103352,103358,103360,103417,103427,103429,103482,103489,103494,103562,103570,103576,103580,103582,103621,103626,103675,103679,103682,103684,103723,103726,103728,103733,103790,103792,103806,103808,103812,103818,103823,103828,103835,103846,103852,103857,103859,103886],[10,102235,95585,102237,10916],{"id":102236},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102238,102239],{},"discard()",[20,102241,102242,102245],{},[15,102243,102244],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102247,102248,102249,995,102254,13651,102256,102258],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[587,102250,102251],{"href":97594},[15,102252,102253],{},"set.remove()",[15,102255,102239],{},[55,102257,806],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[59,102260,62],{"id":61},[64,102262,102264],{"className":66,"code":102263,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102265,102266,102298,102317,102327,102331,102352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102269,12673],{"class":79},[73,102271,84],{"class":83},[73,102273,10083],{"class":105},[73,102275,384],{"class":87},[73,102277,12690],{"class":91},[73,102279,384],{"class":87},[73,102281,149],{"class":105},[73,102283,88],{"class":87},[73,102285,12707],{"class":91},[73,102287,384],{"class":87},[73,102289,149],{"class":105},[73,102291,88],{"class":87},[73,102293,17054],{"class":91},[73,102295,384],{"class":87},[73,102297,8901],{"class":105},[73,102299,102300,102302,102304,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102301,17101],{"class":79},[73,102303,817],{"class":105},[73,102305,102306],{"class":114},"discard",[73,102308,106],{"class":105},[73,102310,384],{"class":87},[73,102312,12707],{"class":91},[73,102314,384],{"class":87},[73,102316,854],{"class":105},[73,102318,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102320,102],{"class":101},[73,102322,106],{"class":105},[73,102324,17101],{"class":114},[73,102326,854],{"class":105},[73,102328,102329],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,102330,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102332,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,102334,17101],{"class":79},[73,102336,817],{"class":105},[73,102338,102306],{"class":114},[73,102340,106],{"class":105},[73,102342,384],{"class":87},[73,102344,22123],{"class":91},[73,102346,384],{"class":87},[73,102348,3246],{"class":105},[73,102350,102351],{"class":3249},"  # no error if missing\n",[73,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,102355,102],{"class":101},[73,102357,106],{"class":105},[73,102359,17101],{"class":114},[73,102361,854],{"class":105},[20,102363,29627],{},[64,102365,102367],{"className":66,"code":102366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102368,102369,102389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102370,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102372,8870],{"class":105},[73,102374,141],{"class":87},[73,102376,12690],{"class":91},[73,102378,141],{"class":87},[73,102380,149],{"class":105},[73,102382,152],{"class":87},[73,102384,17054],{"class":91},[73,102386,141],{"class":87},[73,102388,8901],{"class":105},[73,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102392,8870],{"class":105},[73,102394,141],{"class":87},[73,102396,12690],{"class":91},[73,102398,141],{"class":87},[73,102400,149],{"class":105},[73,102402,152],{"class":87},[73,102404,17054],{"class":91},[73,102406,141],{"class":87},[73,102408,8901],{"class":105},[20,102410,121,102411,102413],{},[15,102412,102239],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[59,102415,236,102417,239],{"id":102416},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102418,102244],{},[20,102420,102421,2475],{},[15,102422,102239],{},[30,102424,102425,102428,102431,102433],{},[33,102426,102427],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102429,102430],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102432,95700],{},[33,102434,11018,102435],{},[15,102436,3364],{},[20,102438,102439],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102441,95709,102442,2468,102445,817],{},[587,102443,102444],{"href":98176},"what a set is in Python",[587,102446,102447],{"href":97268},"how to create a set",[59,102449,285],{"id":284},[64,102451,102453],{"className":66,"code":102452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102454,102455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102456,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102458,15265],{"class":79},[73,102460,817],{"class":105},[73,102462,102306],{"class":114},[73,102464,106],{"class":105},[73,102466,2063],{"class":114},[73,102468,854],{"class":105},[30,102470,102471,102476,102481,102484],{},[33,102472,102473,102475],{},[15,102474,15265],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102477,102478,102480],{},[15,102479,2063],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102482,102483],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102485,102486],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[292,102488,102490],{"id":102489},"example","Example",[64,102492,102494],{"className":66,"code":102493,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102495,102496,102520,102534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102497,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102499,523],{"class":79},[73,102501,84],{"class":83},[73,102503,10083],{"class":105},[73,102505,404],{"class":315},[73,102507,149],{"class":105},[73,102509,409],{"class":315},[73,102511,149],{"class":105},[73,102513,414],{"class":315},[73,102515,149],{"class":105},[73,102517,2047],{"class":315},[73,102519,8901],{"class":105},[73,102521,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102523,553],{"class":79},[73,102525,817],{"class":105},[73,102527,102306],{"class":114},[73,102529,106],{"class":105},[73,102531,1652],{"class":315},[73,102533,854],{"class":105},[73,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102537,102],{"class":101},[73,102539,106],{"class":105},[73,102541,553],{"class":114},[73,102543,854],{"class":105},[20,102545,1660],{},[64,102547,102549],{"className":66,"code":102548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102550,102551],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102552,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102554,8870],{"class":105},[73,102556,404],{"class":315},[73,102558,149],{"class":105},[73,102560,409],{"class":315},[73,102562,149],{"class":105},[73,102564,2047],{"class":315},[73,102566,8901],{"class":105},[59,102568,102570,102571,102573],{"id":102569},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102572,102239],{}," different",[20,102575,102576,102578],{},[15,102577,102239],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102580,102581,102594,102603],{},[33,102582,102583,102584,995,102588,102590,102591,102593],{},"Unlike ",[587,102585,102586],{"href":97594},[15,102587,54908],{},[15,102589,102239],{}," does not raise ",[15,102592,19286],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102595,102583,102596,995,102600,102602],{},[587,102597,102598],{"href":97599},[15,102599,12359],{},[15,102601,102239],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102604,102605],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[292,102607,102609,1011,102611],{"id":102608},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102610,102239],{},[15,102612,54908],{},[64,102614,102616],{"className":66,"code":102615,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102617,102618,102642,102646,102667,102677,102681,102702],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102619,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102621,7369],{"class":79},[73,102623,84],{"class":83},[73,102625,10083],{"class":105},[73,102627,384],{"class":87},[73,102629,3666],{"class":91},[73,102631,384],{"class":87},[73,102633,149],{"class":105},[73,102635,88],{"class":87},[73,102637,3675],{"class":91},[73,102639,384],{"class":87},[73,102641,8901],{"class":105},[73,102643,102644],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102645,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102649,7400],{"class":79},[73,102651,817],{"class":105},[73,102653,102306],{"class":114},[73,102655,106],{"class":105},[73,102657,384],{"class":87},[73,102659,32818],{"class":91},[73,102661,384],{"class":87},[73,102663,3246],{"class":105},[73,102665,102666],{"class":3249},"   # no error\n",[73,102668,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,102670,102],{"class":101},[73,102672,106],{"class":105},[73,102674,7400],{"class":114},[73,102676,854],{"class":105},[73,102678,102679],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,102680,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102682,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,102684,7400],{"class":79},[73,102686,817],{"class":105},[73,102688,574],{"class":114},[73,102690,106],{"class":105},[73,102692,384],{"class":87},[73,102694,3675],{"class":91},[73,102696,384],{"class":87},[73,102698,3246],{"class":105},[73,102700,102701],{"class":3249},"    # removes existing item\n",[73,102703,102704,102706,102708,102710],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,102705,102],{"class":101},[73,102707,106],{"class":105},[73,102709,7400],{"class":114},[73,102711,854],{"class":105},[20,102713,1660],{},[64,102715,102717],{"className":66,"code":102716,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102718,102719,102739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102720,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102722,8870],{"class":105},[73,102724,141],{"class":87},[73,102726,3666],{"class":91},[73,102728,141],{"class":87},[73,102730,149],{"class":105},[73,102732,152],{"class":87},[73,102734,3675],{"class":91},[73,102736,141],{"class":87},[73,102738,8901],{"class":105},[73,102740,102741,102743,102745,102747,102749],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102742,8870],{"class":105},[73,102744,141],{"class":87},[73,102746,3666],{"class":91},[73,102748,141],{"class":87},[73,102750,8901],{"class":105},[20,102752,39716,102753,102755,102756,102758],{},[15,102754,54908],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[587,102757,10668],{"href":10667}," for more help with that case.",[59,102760,102762],{"id":102761},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102764,102765,1987,102767,817],{},[15,102766,102239],{},[15,102768,3364],{},[20,102770,102771],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[64,102773,102775],{"className":66,"code":102774,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102776,102777,102809,102831,102835],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102778,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102780,12673],{"class":79},[73,102782,84],{"class":83},[73,102784,10083],{"class":105},[73,102786,384],{"class":87},[73,102788,12690],{"class":91},[73,102790,384],{"class":87},[73,102792,149],{"class":105},[73,102794,88],{"class":87},[73,102796,12707],{"class":91},[73,102798,384],{"class":87},[73,102800,149],{"class":105},[73,102802,88],{"class":87},[73,102804,17054],{"class":91},[73,102806,384],{"class":87},[73,102808,8901],{"class":105},[73,102810,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102812,1819],{"class":79},[73,102814,84],{"class":83},[73,102816,12721],{"class":79},[73,102818,817],{"class":105},[73,102820,102306],{"class":114},[73,102822,106],{"class":105},[73,102824,384],{"class":87},[73,102826,12707],{"class":91},[73,102828,384],{"class":87},[73,102830,854],{"class":105},[73,102832,102833],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102834,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,102838,102],{"class":101},[73,102840,106],{"class":105},[73,102842,1854],{"class":114},[73,102844,854],{"class":105},[20,102846,1660],{},[64,102848,102849],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,102850,102851],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102852,102853],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102854,11403],{"class":3438},[20,102856,102857,102858,2475],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102859,17101],{},[64,102861,102863],{"className":66,"code":102862,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102864,102865,102897,102915,102919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102866,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102868,12673],{"class":79},[73,102870,84],{"class":83},[73,102872,10083],{"class":105},[73,102874,384],{"class":87},[73,102876,12690],{"class":91},[73,102878,384],{"class":87},[73,102880,149],{"class":105},[73,102882,88],{"class":87},[73,102884,12707],{"class":91},[73,102886,384],{"class":87},[73,102888,149],{"class":105},[73,102890,88],{"class":87},[73,102892,17054],{"class":91},[73,102894,384],{"class":87},[73,102896,8901],{"class":105},[73,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,102900,17101],{"class":79},[73,102902,817],{"class":105},[73,102904,102306],{"class":114},[73,102906,106],{"class":105},[73,102908,384],{"class":87},[73,102910,12707],{"class":91},[73,102912,384],{"class":87},[73,102914,854],{"class":105},[73,102916,102917],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,102918,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,102920,102921,102923,102925,102927],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,102922,102],{"class":101},[73,102924,106],{"class":105},[73,102926,17101],{"class":114},[73,102928,854],{"class":105},[20,102930,1660],{},[64,102932,102934],{"className":66,"code":102933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102935,102936],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102937,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102939,8870],{"class":105},[73,102941,141],{"class":87},[73,102943,12690],{"class":91},[73,102945,141],{"class":87},[73,102947,149],{"class":105},[73,102949,152],{"class":87},[73,102951,17054],{"class":91},[73,102953,141],{"class":87},[73,102955,8901],{"class":105},[59,102957,11069],{"id":11068},[20,102959,102960],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[64,102962,102964],{"className":66,"code":102963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102965,102966,102998,103002,103020,103024,103042,103046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102967,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102969,35609],{"class":79},[73,102971,84],{"class":83},[73,102973,10083],{"class":105},[73,102975,384],{"class":87},[73,102977,3666],{"class":91},[73,102979,384],{"class":87},[73,102981,149],{"class":105},[73,102983,88],{"class":87},[73,102985,3675],{"class":91},[73,102987,384],{"class":87},[73,102989,149],{"class":105},[73,102991,88],{"class":87},[73,102993,32818],{"class":91},[73,102995,384],{"class":87},[73,102997,8901],{"class":105},[73,102999,103000],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103001,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103005,102],{"class":101},[73,103007,106],{"class":105},[73,103009,384],{"class":87},[73,103011,11158],{"class":91},[73,103013,384],{"class":87},[73,103015,149],{"class":105},[73,103017,52230],{"class":114},[73,103019,854],{"class":105},[73,103021,103022],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,103023,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103025,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,103027,35661],{"class":79},[73,103029,817],{"class":105},[73,103031,102306],{"class":114},[73,103033,106],{"class":105},[73,103035,384],{"class":87},[73,103037,3675],{"class":91},[73,103039,384],{"class":87},[73,103041,854],{"class":105},[73,103043,103044],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,103045,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,103049,102],{"class":101},[73,103051,106],{"class":105},[73,103053,384],{"class":87},[73,103055,11198],{"class":91},[73,103057,384],{"class":87},[73,103059,149],{"class":105},[73,103061,52230],{"class":114},[73,103063,854],{"class":105},[20,103065,1660],{},[64,103067,103069],{"className":66,"code":103068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103070,103071,103103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103072,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103074,11218],{"class":79},[73,103076,2475],{"class":105},[73,103078,10083],{"class":105},[73,103080,141],{"class":87},[73,103082,3675],{"class":91},[73,103084,141],{"class":87},[73,103086,149],{"class":105},[73,103088,152],{"class":87},[73,103090,3666],{"class":91},[73,103092,141],{"class":87},[73,103094,149],{"class":105},[73,103096,152],{"class":87},[73,103098,32818],{"class":91},[73,103100,141],{"class":87},[73,103102,8901],{"class":105},[73,103104,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103106,11271],{"class":79},[73,103108,2475],{"class":105},[73,103110,10083],{"class":105},[73,103112,141],{"class":87},[73,103114,3666],{"class":91},[73,103116,141],{"class":87},[73,103118,149],{"class":105},[73,103120,152],{"class":87},[73,103122,32818],{"class":91},[73,103124,141],{"class":87},[73,103126,8901],{"class":105},[20,103128,103129],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[59,103131,103133],{"id":103132},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103135,103136,103137,103139],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103138,102239],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[64,103141,103143],{"className":66,"code":103142,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103144,103145,103177,103181,103199,103203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103148,35609],{"class":79},[73,103150,84],{"class":83},[73,103152,10083],{"class":105},[73,103154,384],{"class":87},[73,103156,3666],{"class":91},[73,103158,384],{"class":87},[73,103160,149],{"class":105},[73,103162,88],{"class":87},[73,103164,3675],{"class":91},[73,103166,384],{"class":87},[73,103168,149],{"class":105},[73,103170,88],{"class":87},[73,103172,32818],{"class":91},[73,103174,384],{"class":87},[73,103176,8901],{"class":105},[73,103178,103179],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103180,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103182,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103184,35661],{"class":79},[73,103186,817],{"class":105},[73,103188,102306],{"class":114},[73,103190,106],{"class":105},[73,103192,384],{"class":87},[73,103194,22132],{"class":91},[73,103196,384],{"class":87},[73,103198,854],{"class":105},[73,103200,103201],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,103202,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103204,103205,103207,103209,103211],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,103206,102],{"class":101},[73,103208,106],{"class":105},[73,103210,35661],{"class":114},[73,103212,854],{"class":105},[20,103214,1660],{},[64,103216,103218],{"className":66,"code":103217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103219,103220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103223,8870],{"class":105},[73,103225,141],{"class":87},[73,103227,3675],{"class":91},[73,103229,141],{"class":87},[73,103231,149],{"class":105},[73,103233,152],{"class":87},[73,103235,3666],{"class":91},[73,103237,141],{"class":87},[73,103239,149],{"class":105},[73,103241,152],{"class":87},[73,103243,32818],{"class":91},[73,103245,141],{"class":87},[73,103247,8901],{"class":105},[20,103249,103250],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103252,103253],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[64,103255,103257],{"className":66,"code":103256,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103258,103259,103275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103260,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103262,6588],{"class":646},[73,103264,88],{"class":87},[73,103266,22132],{"class":91},[73,103268,384],{"class":87},[73,103270,20773],{"class":83},[73,103272,52230],{"class":79},[73,103274,5982],{"class":105},[73,103276,103277,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103278,103279],{"class":79},"    fruits",[73,103281,817],{"class":105},[73,103283,574],{"class":114},[73,103285,106],{"class":105},[73,103287,384],{"class":87},[73,103289,22132],{"class":91},[73,103291,384],{"class":87},[73,103293,854],{"class":105},[20,103295,103296,103297,103299],{},"With ",[15,103298,102239],{},", you can simply write:",[64,103301,103303],{"className":66,"code":103302,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103304,103305],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103306,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103308,35661],{"class":79},[73,103310,817],{"class":105},[73,103312,102306],{"class":114},[73,103314,106],{"class":105},[73,103316,384],{"class":87},[73,103318,22132],{"class":91},[73,103320,384],{"class":87},[73,103322,854],{"class":105},[59,103324,4551,103326],{"id":103325},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103327,102239],{},[20,103329,121,103330,10193],{},[15,103331,102239],{},[30,103333,103334,103337,103340],{},[33,103335,103336],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103338,103339],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103341,103342],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103344,103345],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[59,103347,1207],{"id":1206},[20,103349,8038,103350,817],{},[15,103351,102239],{},[292,103353,8044,103355,103357],{"id":103354},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103356,102239],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103359,4114],{},[64,103361,103363],{"className":66,"code":103362,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103364,103365,103385,103403,103407],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103366,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103368,523],{"class":79},[73,103370,84],{"class":83},[73,103372,10083],{"class":105},[73,103374,404],{"class":315},[73,103376,149],{"class":105},[73,103378,409],{"class":315},[73,103380,149],{"class":105},[73,103382,414],{"class":315},[73,103384,8901],{"class":105},[73,103386,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103388,523],{"class":79},[73,103390,84],{"class":83},[73,103392,3851],{"class":79},[73,103394,817],{"class":105},[73,103396,102306],{"class":114},[73,103398,106],{"class":105},[73,103400,1646],{"class":315},[73,103402,854],{"class":105},[73,103404,103405],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103406,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103408,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,103410,102],{"class":101},[73,103412,106],{"class":105},[73,103414,553],{"class":114},[73,103416,854],{"class":105},[20,103418,103419,41529,103421,8193,103423,1987,103425,817],{},[15,103420,553],{},[15,103422,3364],{},[15,103424,102239],{},[15,103426,3364],{},[20,103428,18439],{},[64,103430,103432],{"className":66,"code":103431,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103433,103434,103454,103468,103472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103437,523],{"class":79},[73,103439,84],{"class":83},[73,103441,10083],{"class":105},[73,103443,404],{"class":315},[73,103445,149],{"class":105},[73,103447,409],{"class":315},[73,103449,149],{"class":105},[73,103451,414],{"class":315},[73,103453,8901],{"class":105},[73,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103457,553],{"class":79},[73,103459,817],{"class":105},[73,103461,102306],{"class":114},[73,103463,106],{"class":105},[73,103465,1646],{"class":315},[73,103467,854],{"class":105},[73,103469,103470],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103471,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,103473,103474,103476,103478,103480],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,103475,102],{"class":101},[73,103477,106],{"class":105},[73,103479,553],{"class":114},[73,103481,854],{"class":105},[292,103483,36575,103485,8295,103487],{"id":103484},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103486,102239],{},[15,103488,54908],{},[20,103490,103491,103492,817],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103493,102239],{},[64,103495,103497],{"className":66,"code":103496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103498,103499,103531,103552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103500,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103502,35460],{"class":79},[73,103504,84],{"class":83},[73,103506,10083],{"class":105},[73,103508,384],{"class":87},[73,103510,587],{"class":91},[73,103512,384],{"class":87},[73,103514,149],{"class":105},[73,103516,88],{"class":87},[73,103518,4350],{"class":91},[73,103520,384],{"class":87},[73,103522,149],{"class":105},[73,103524,88],{"class":87},[73,103526,9332],{"class":91},[73,103528,384],{"class":87},[73,103530,8901],{"class":105},[73,103532,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103534,35513],{"class":79},[73,103536,817],{"class":105},[73,103538,102306],{"class":114},[73,103540,106],{"class":105},[73,103542,384],{"class":87},[73,103544,21676],{"class":91},[73,103546,384],{"class":87},[73,103548,3246],{"class":105},[73,103550,103551],{"class":3249},"   # safe\n",[73,103553,103554,103556,103558,103560],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103555,102],{"class":101},[73,103557,106],{"class":105},[73,103559,35513],{"class":114},[73,103561,854],{"class":105},[20,103563,103564,103565,45284,103568,817],{},"If you use ",[15,103566,103567],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103569,19286],{},[292,103571,25214,103573,103575],{"id":103572},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103574,102239],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103577,103578,101592],{},[15,103579,102239],{},[20,103581,16242],{},[64,103583,103585],{"className":66,"code":103584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103586,103587,103607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103588,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103590,7369],{"class":79},[73,103592,84],{"class":83},[73,103594,528],{"class":105},[73,103596,404],{"class":315},[73,103598,149],{"class":105},[73,103600,409],{"class":315},[73,103602,149],{"class":105},[73,103604,414],{"class":315},[73,103606,229],{"class":105},[73,103608,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103610,7400],{"class":79},[73,103612,817],{"class":105},[73,103614,102306],{"class":114},[73,103616,106],{"class":105},[73,103618,1646],{"class":315},[73,103620,854],{"class":105},[20,103622,103623,103624,2475],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103625,102239],{},[64,103627,103629],{"className":66,"code":103628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103630,103631,103651,103665],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103632,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103634,7369],{"class":79},[73,103636,84],{"class":83},[73,103638,10083],{"class":105},[73,103640,404],{"class":315},[73,103642,149],{"class":105},[73,103644,409],{"class":315},[73,103646,149],{"class":105},[73,103648,414],{"class":315},[73,103650,8901],{"class":105},[73,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103654,7400],{"class":79},[73,103656,817],{"class":105},[73,103658,102306],{"class":114},[73,103660,106],{"class":105},[73,103662,1646],{"class":315},[73,103664,854],{"class":105},[73,103666,103667,103669,103671,103673],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103668,102],{"class":101},[73,103670,106],{"class":105},[73,103672,7400],{"class":114},[73,103674,854],{"class":105},[292,103676,103678],{"id":103677},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103680,103681],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103683,2426],{},[64,103685,103687],{"className":66,"code":103686,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103688,103689,103709],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103690,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103692,8757],{"class":79},[73,103694,84],{"class":83},[73,103696,10083],{"class":105},[73,103698,404],{"class":315},[73,103700,149],{"class":105},[73,103702,409],{"class":315},[73,103704,149],{"class":105},[73,103706,414],{"class":315},[73,103708,8901],{"class":105},[73,103710,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103712,8796],{"class":79},[73,103714,817],{"class":105},[73,103716,102306],{"class":114},[73,103718,401],{"class":105},[73,103720,1646],{"class":315},[73,103722,3475],{"class":105},[20,103724,103725],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[59,103727,8463],{"id":8462},[20,103729,8466,103730,103732],{},[15,103731,102239],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[64,103734,103736],{"className":66,"code":103735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103737,103738,103748,103762,103776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103741,102],{"class":101},[73,103743,106],{"class":105},[73,103745,15265],{"class":114},[73,103747,854],{"class":105},[73,103749,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103751,102],{"class":101},[73,103753,106],{"class":105},[73,103755,1271],{"class":1270},[73,103757,106],{"class":105},[73,103759,15265],{"class":114},[73,103761,118],{"class":105},[73,103763,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,103765,102],{"class":101},[73,103767,106],{"class":105},[73,103769,2037],{"class":114},[73,103771,3469],{"class":646},[73,103773,96309],{"class":114},[73,103775,854],{"class":105},[73,103777,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,103779,842],{"class":101},[73,103781,106],{"class":105},[73,103783,5875],{"class":1270},[73,103785,817],{"class":105},[73,103787,102306],{"class":851},[73,103789,854],{"class":105},[20,103791,10764],{},[30,103793,103794,103797,103800,103803],{},[33,103795,103796],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,103798,103799],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,103801,103802],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,103804,103805],{},"How Python documents the method",[59,103807,1405],{"id":1404},[292,103809,103811],{"id":103810},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103813,103814,103815,103817],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103816,102239],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[292,103819,1409,103821,12312],{"id":103820},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103822,102244],{},[20,103824,4737,103825,103827],{},[15,103826,3364],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[292,103829,1419,103831,355,103833,1424],{"id":103830},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103832,102239],{},[15,103834,54908],{},[20,103836,103837,103838,26134,103840,103842,103843,103845],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103839,54908],{},[15,103841,19286],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103844,102239],{}," does not.",[292,103847,27925,103849,103851],{"id":103848},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103850,102239],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103853,45741,103854,103856],{},[15,103855,102239],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[59,103858,1461],{"id":1460},[30,103860,103861,103867,103873,103878,103882],{},[33,103862,103863],{},[587,103864,96199,103865,10333],{"href":97594},[15,103866,54908],{},[33,103868,103869],{},[587,103870,96199,103871,10333],{"href":97599},[15,103872,12359],{},[33,103874,103875],{},[587,103876,103877],{"href":97268},"Python set: creating a set",[33,103879,103880],{},[587,103881,99734],{"href":98176},[33,103883,103884],{},[587,103885,10856],{"href":10667},[1500,103887,103888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":103890},[103891,103892,103894,103897,103902,103903,103904,103905,103907,103916,103917,103926],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":102416,"depth":98,"text":103893},"What set.discard() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":103895},[103896],{"id":102489,"depth":332,"text":102490},{"id":102569,"depth":98,"text":103898,"children":103899},"What makes discard() different",[103900],{"id":102608,"depth":332,"text":103901},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102761,"depth":98,"text":102762},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":103132,"depth":98,"text":103133},{"id":103325,"depth":98,"text":103906},"When to use discard()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":103908},[103909,103911,103913,103915],{"id":103354,"depth":332,"text":103910},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103484,"depth":332,"text":103912},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103572,"depth":332,"text":103914},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103677,"depth":332,"text":103678},{"id":8462,"depth":98,"text":8463},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":103918},[103919,103920,103922,103924],{"id":103810,"depth":332,"text":103811},{"id":103820,"depth":332,"text":103921},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103830,"depth":332,"text":103923},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103848,"depth":332,"text":103925},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102231,"description":103927},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103934,"title":103935,"body":103936,"description":105942,"extension":1552,"meta":105943,"navigation":335,"path":105944,"seo":105945,"stem":105946,"__hash__":105947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103937,"toc":105900},[103938,103941,103949,103954,103965,103967,104022,104026,104046,104051,104055,104060,104062,104076,104078,104153,104155,104188,104193,104198,104200,104202,104217,104220,104228,104233,104248,104250,104339,104341,104430,104436,104440,104442,104480,104482,104506,104509,104524,104526,104581,104583,104616,104618,104623,104627,104631,104636,104701,104703,104723,104729,104733,104790,104792,104813,104817,104822,104867,104869,104902,104905,104909,104942,104944,104973,104977,104981,104984,104986,105005,105007,105053,105058,105072,105074,105105,105110,105113,105157,105159,105187,105191,105195,105211,105214,105279,105281,105293,105296,105300,105303,105308,105336,105338,105356,105362,105401,105403,105421,105427,105456,105458,105476,105479,105496,105498,105503,105507,105510,105536,105543,105548,105563,105572,105576,105579,105610,105616,105619,105628,105631,105633,105635,105693,105696,105721,105723,105727,105730,105734,105742,105746,105749,105753,105756,105758,105781,105783,105824,105831,105839,105842,105873,105875,105897],[10,103939,103935],{"id":103940},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103942,8714,103943,103945,103946,817],{},[15,103944,3383],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[55,103947,103948],{},"unique values only",[20,103950,1210,103951,103953],{},[15,103952,3383],{}," to:",[30,103955,103956,103959,103962],{},[33,103957,103958],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,103960,103961],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,103963,103964],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[59,103966,62],{"id":61},[64,103968,103970],{"className":66,"code":103969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103971,103972,103996,104011],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103973,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103975,523],{"class":79},[73,103977,84],{"class":83},[73,103979,528],{"class":105},[73,103981,404],{"class":315},[73,103983,149],{"class":105},[73,103985,409],{"class":315},[73,103987,149],{"class":105},[73,103989,409],{"class":315},[73,103991,149],{"class":105},[73,103993,414],{"class":315},[73,103995,229],{"class":105},[73,103997,103998,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,103999,104000],{"class":79},"unique_numbers ",[73,104002,84],{"class":83},[73,104004,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104006,106],{"class":105},[73,104008,553],{"class":114},[73,104010,854],{"class":105},[73,104012,104013,104015,104017,104020],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104014,102],{"class":101},[73,104016,106],{"class":105},[73,104018,104019],{"class":114},"unique_numbers",[73,104021,854],{"class":105},[20,104023,104024],{},[55,104025,1660],{},[64,104027,104028],{"className":66,"code":95992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,104029,104030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104031,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104033,8870],{"class":105},[73,104035,404],{"class":315},[73,104037,149],{"class":105},[73,104039,409],{"class":315},[73,104041,149],{"class":105},[73,104043,414],{"class":315},[73,104045,8901],{"class":105},[20,104047,121,104048,104050],{},[15,104049,3383],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[59,104052,104054],{"id":104053},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104056,104057,104059],{},[15,104058,3383],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104061,30138],{},[30,104063,104064,104067,104070,104073],{},[33,104065,104066],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104068,104069],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104071,104072],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104074,104075],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104077,714],{},[64,104079,104081],{"className":66,"code":104080,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104082,104083,104123,104138,104142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104084,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104086,12673],{"class":79},[73,104088,84],{"class":83},[73,104090,528],{"class":105},[73,104092,384],{"class":87},[73,104094,12690],{"class":91},[73,104096,384],{"class":87},[73,104098,149],{"class":105},[73,104100,88],{"class":87},[73,104102,12707],{"class":91},[73,104104,384],{"class":87},[73,104106,149],{"class":105},[73,104108,88],{"class":87},[73,104110,12690],{"class":91},[73,104112,384],{"class":87},[73,104114,149],{"class":105},[73,104116,88],{"class":87},[73,104118,17054],{"class":91},[73,104120,384],{"class":87},[73,104122,229],{"class":105},[73,104124,104125,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104126,104127],{"class":79},"unique_colors ",[73,104129,84],{"class":83},[73,104131,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104133,106],{"class":105},[73,104135,17101],{"class":114},[73,104137,854],{"class":105},[73,104139,104140],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104141,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,104143,104144,104146,104148,104151],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104145,102],{"class":101},[73,104147,106],{"class":105},[73,104149,104150],{"class":114},"unique_colors",[73,104152,854],{"class":105},[20,104154,29627],{},[64,104156,104158],{"className":66,"code":104157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104159,104160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104161,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104163,8870],{"class":105},[73,104165,141],{"class":87},[73,104167,12707],{"class":91},[73,104169,141],{"class":87},[73,104171,149],{"class":105},[73,104173,152],{"class":87},[73,104175,17054],{"class":91},[73,104177,141],{"class":87},[73,104179,149],{"class":105},[73,104181,152],{"class":87},[73,104183,12690],{"class":91},[73,104185,141],{"class":87},[73,104187,8901],{"class":105},[20,104189,1876,104190,104192],{},[15,104191,64774],{}," appears only once.",[20,104194,104195,104196,817],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[587,104197,95713],{"href":95712},[59,104199,285],{"id":284},[20,104201,1750],{},[64,104203,104205],{"className":66,"code":104204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104206,104207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104208,104209,104211,104213,104215],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104210,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104212,106],{"class":105},[73,104214,3306],{"class":114},[73,104216,854],{"class":105},[20,104218,104219],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104221,104222,104225],{},[33,104223,104224],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104226,104227],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104229,104230,104231,2475],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104232,3383],{},[30,104234,104235,104237,104239,104241,104245],{},[33,104236,7684],{},[33,104238,48330],{},[33,104240,60555],{},[33,104242,104243],{},[15,104244,35568],{},[33,104246,104247],{},"another set",[20,104249,1716],{},[64,104251,104253],{"className":66,"code":104252,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104254,104255,104281,104303,104321],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104256,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104258,102],{"class":101},[73,104260,106],{"class":105},[73,104262,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104264,401],{"class":105},[73,104266,404],{"class":315},[73,104268,149],{"class":105},[73,104270,409],{"class":315},[73,104272,149],{"class":105},[73,104274,409],{"class":315},[73,104276,149],{"class":105},[73,104278,414],{"class":315},[73,104280,417],{"class":105},[73,104282,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104284,102],{"class":101},[73,104286,106],{"class":105},[73,104288,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104290,5097],{"class":105},[73,104292,1920],{"class":315},[73,104294,149],{"class":105},[73,104296,7380],{"class":315},[73,104298,149],{"class":105},[73,104300,5592],{"class":315},[73,104302,2503],{"class":105},[73,104304,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104306,102],{"class":101},[73,104308,106],{"class":105},[73,104310,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104312,106],{"class":105},[73,104314,384],{"class":87},[73,104316,92],{"class":91},[73,104318,384],{"class":87},[73,104320,118],{"class":105},[73,104322,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104324,102],{"class":101},[73,104326,106],{"class":105},[73,104328,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104330,106],{"class":105},[73,104332,59379],{"class":101},[73,104334,106],{"class":105},[73,104336,2095],{"class":315},[73,104338,2503],{"class":105},[20,104340,29627],{},[64,104342,104344],{"className":66,"code":104343,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104345,104346,104362,104374,104410],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104349,8870],{"class":105},[73,104351,404],{"class":315},[73,104353,149],{"class":105},[73,104355,409],{"class":315},[73,104357,149],{"class":105},[73,104359,414],{"class":315},[73,104361,8901],{"class":105},[73,104363,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104365,8870],{"class":105},[73,104367,1920],{"class":315},[73,104369,149],{"class":105},[73,104371,7380],{"class":315},[73,104373,8901],{"class":105},[73,104375,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104377,8870],{"class":105},[73,104379,141],{"class":87},[73,104381,59819],{"class":91},[73,104383,141],{"class":87},[73,104385,149],{"class":105},[73,104387,152],{"class":87},[73,104389,59828],{"class":91},[73,104391,141],{"class":87},[73,104393,149],{"class":105},[73,104395,152],{"class":87},[73,104397,59837],{"class":91},[73,104399,141],{"class":87},[73,104401,149],{"class":105},[73,104403,152],{"class":87},[73,104405,59854],{"class":91},[73,104407,141],{"class":87},[73,104409,8901],{"class":105},[73,104411,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104413,8870],{"class":105},[73,104415,1710],{"class":315},[73,104417,149],{"class":105},[73,104419,5084],{"class":315},[73,104421,149],{"class":105},[73,104423,409],{"class":315},[73,104425,149],{"class":105},[73,104427,414],{"class":315},[73,104429,8901],{"class":105},[20,104431,104432,104433,817],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[587,104434,104435],{"href":64229},"Python list() function explained",[59,104437,104439],{"id":104438},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104441,97665],{},[64,104443,104444],{"className":66,"code":98630,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,104445,104446,104456,104466],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104449,97675],{"class":79},[73,104451,84],{"class":83},[73,104453,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104455,8233],{"class":105},[73,104457,104458,104460,104462,104464],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104459,102],{"class":101},[73,104461,106],{"class":105},[73,104463,97694],{"class":114},[73,104465,854],{"class":105},[73,104467,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104469,102],{"class":101},[73,104471,106],{"class":105},[73,104473,1271],{"class":1270},[73,104475,106],{"class":105},[73,104477,97694],{"class":114},[73,104479,118],{"class":105},[20,104481,1660],{},[64,104483,104484],{"className":66,"code":98673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,104485,104486,104492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104487,104488,104490],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104489,5875],{"class":1270},[73,104491,8233],{"class":105},[73,104493,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104495,2879],{"class":83},[73,104497,2882],{"class":633},[73,104499,152],{"class":87},[73,104501,5875],{"class":91},[73,104503,141],{"class":87},[73,104505,2891],{"class":83},[20,104507,104508],{},"This is important because:",[30,104510,104511,104516],{},[33,104512,104513,104515],{},[15,104514,3383],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104517,104518,104520,104521,104523],{},[15,104519,3378],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[55,104522,806],{}," a set",[20,104525,714],{},[64,104527,104529],{"className":66,"code":104528,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104530,104531,104541,104549,104553,104567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104532,104533,104535,104537,104539],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104534,2145],{"class":79},[73,104536,84],{"class":83},[73,104538,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104540,8233],{"class":105},[73,104542,104543,104545,104547],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104544,2173],{"class":79},[73,104546,84],{"class":83},[73,104548,9431],{"class":105},[73,104550,104551],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104552,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,104554,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104556,102],{"class":101},[73,104558,106],{"class":105},[73,104560,1271],{"class":1270},[73,104562,106],{"class":105},[73,104564,587],{"class":114},[73,104566,118],{"class":105},[73,104568,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,104570,102],{"class":101},[73,104572,106],{"class":105},[73,104574,1271],{"class":1270},[73,104576,106],{"class":105},[73,104578,4350],{"class":114},[73,104580,118],{"class":105},[20,104582,1660],{},[64,104584,104586],{"className":66,"code":104585,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104587,104588,104602],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104589,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104591,2879],{"class":83},[73,104593,2882],{"class":633},[73,104595,152],{"class":87},[73,104597,5875],{"class":91},[73,104599,141],{"class":87},[73,104601,2891],{"class":83},[73,104603,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104605,2879],{"class":83},[73,104607,2882],{"class":633},[73,104609,152],{"class":87},[73,104611,8412],{"class":91},[73,104613,141],{"class":87},[73,104615,2891],{"class":83},[20,104617,13646],{},[20,104619,104620,104621,817],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[587,104622,103877],{"href":95716},[59,104624,104626],{"id":104625},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[292,104628,104630],{"id":104629},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104632,104633,104634,817],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104635,3383],{},[64,104637,104639],{"className":66,"code":104638,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104640,104641,104673,104687,104691],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104642,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104644,523],{"class":79},[73,104646,84],{"class":83},[73,104648,528],{"class":105},[73,104650,404],{"class":315},[73,104652,149],{"class":105},[73,104654,409],{"class":315},[73,104656,149],{"class":105},[73,104658,409],{"class":315},[73,104660,149],{"class":105},[73,104662,414],{"class":315},[73,104664,149],{"class":105},[73,104666,414],{"class":315},[73,104668,149],{"class":105},[73,104670,414],{"class":315},[73,104672,229],{"class":105},[73,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104676,1819],{"class":79},[73,104678,84],{"class":83},[73,104680,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104682,106],{"class":105},[73,104684,553],{"class":114},[73,104686,854],{"class":105},[73,104688,104689],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104690,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,104692,104693,104695,104697,104699],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104694,102],{"class":101},[73,104696,106],{"class":105},[73,104698,1854],{"class":114},[73,104700,854],{"class":105},[20,104702,1660],{},[64,104704,104705],{"className":66,"code":95992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,104706,104707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104710,8870],{"class":105},[73,104712,404],{"class":315},[73,104714,149],{"class":105},[73,104716,409],{"class":315},[73,104718,149],{"class":105},[73,104720,414],{"class":315},[73,104722,8901],{"class":105},[20,104724,104725,104726,817],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[587,104727,98463],{"href":104728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[292,104730,104732],{"id":104731},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[64,104734,104736],{"className":66,"code":104735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104737,104738,104762,104776,104780],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104739,104740,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104741,3409],{"class":79},[73,104743,84],{"class":83},[73,104745,8828],{"class":105},[73,104747,1727],{"class":315},[73,104749,149],{"class":105},[73,104751,4194],{"class":315},[73,104753,149],{"class":105},[73,104755,5592],{"class":315},[73,104757,149],{"class":105},[73,104759,37308],{"class":315},[73,104761,854],{"class":105},[73,104763,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104765,1819],{"class":79},[73,104767,84],{"class":83},[73,104769,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104771,106],{"class":105},[73,104773,4945],{"class":114},[73,104775,854],{"class":105},[73,104777,104778],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104779,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,104781,104782,104784,104786,104788],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104783,102],{"class":101},[73,104785,106],{"class":105},[73,104787,1854],{"class":114},[73,104789,854],{"class":105},[20,104791,1660],{},[64,104793,104795],{"className":66,"code":104794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104796,104797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104798,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104800,8870],{"class":105},[73,104802,1727],{"class":315},[73,104804,149],{"class":105},[73,104806,5592],{"class":315},[73,104808,149],{"class":105},[73,104810,37308],{"class":315},[73,104812,8901],{"class":105},[292,104814,104816],{"id":104815},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104818,50505,104819,104821],{},[15,104820,3383],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[64,104823,104825],{"className":66,"code":104824,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104826,104827,104839,104853,104857],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104828,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104830,461],{"class":79},[73,104832,84],{"class":83},[73,104834,88],{"class":87},[73,104836,3675],{"class":91},[73,104838,95],{"class":87},[73,104840,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104842,1819],{"class":79},[73,104844,84],{"class":83},[73,104846,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104848,106],{"class":105},[73,104850,482],{"class":114},[73,104852,854],{"class":105},[73,104854,104855],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,104856,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,104858,104859,104861,104863,104865],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,104860,102],{"class":101},[73,104862,106],{"class":105},[73,104864,1854],{"class":114},[73,104866,854],{"class":105},[20,104868,29627],{},[64,104870,104872],{"className":66,"code":104871,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104873,104874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104875,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104877,8870],{"class":105},[73,104879,141],{"class":87},[73,104881,4350],{"class":91},[73,104883,141],{"class":87},[73,104885,149],{"class":105},[73,104887,152],{"class":87},[73,104889,587],{"class":91},[73,104891,141],{"class":87},[73,104893,149],{"class":105},[73,104895,152],{"class":87},[73,104897,75412],{"class":91},[73,104899,141],{"class":87},[73,104901,8901],{"class":105},[20,104903,104904],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[292,104906,104908],{"id":104907},"from-range","From range()",[64,104910,104912],{"className":66,"code":104911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104913,104914,104932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104915,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104917,1819],{"class":79},[73,104919,84],{"class":83},[73,104921,15232],{"class":1270},[73,104923,106],{"class":105},[73,104925,59379],{"class":101},[73,104927,106],{"class":105},[73,104929,1727],{"class":315},[73,104931,118],{"class":105},[73,104933,104934,104936,104938,104940],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,104935,102],{"class":101},[73,104937,106],{"class":105},[73,104939,1854],{"class":114},[73,104941,854],{"class":105},[20,104943,1660],{},[64,104945,104947],{"className":66,"code":104946,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104948,104949],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104950,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104952,8870],{"class":105},[73,104954,1710],{"class":315},[73,104956,149],{"class":105},[73,104958,5084],{"class":315},[73,104960,149],{"class":105},[73,104962,409],{"class":315},[73,104964,149],{"class":105},[73,104966,414],{"class":315},[73,104968,149],{"class":105},[73,104970,2047],{"class":315},[73,104972,8901],{"class":105},[59,104974,104976],{"id":104975},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104978,98910,104979,817],{},[55,104980,95756],{},[20,104982,104983],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104985,98916],{},[30,104987,104988,104992,104996,105000],{},[33,104989,104990],{},[15,104991,1778],{},[33,104993,104994],{},[15,104995,3031],{},[33,104997,104998],{},[15,104999,1781],{},[33,105001,105002,105004],{},[15,105003,48330],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105006,714],{},[64,105008,105010],{"className":66,"code":105009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105011,105012,105043],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105013,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105015,7369],{"class":79},[73,105017,84],{"class":83},[73,105019,10083],{"class":105},[73,105021,404],{"class":315},[73,105023,149],{"class":105},[73,105025,88],{"class":87},[73,105027,92],{"class":91},[73,105029,384],{"class":87},[73,105031,149],{"class":105},[73,105033,8828],{"class":105},[73,105035,1920],{"class":315},[73,105037,149],{"class":105},[73,105039,7380],{"class":315},[73,105041,105042],{"class":105},")}\n",[73,105044,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105046,102],{"class":101},[73,105048,106],{"class":105},[73,105050,7400],{"class":114},[73,105052,854],{"class":105},[20,105054,98978,105055,105057],{},[55,105056,806],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105059,105060,105064,105068],{},[33,105061,105062],{},[15,105063,7684],{},[33,105065,105066],{},[15,105067,8412],{},[33,105069,105070],{},[15,105071,5875],{},[20,105073,96481],{},[64,105075,105077],{"className":66,"code":105076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105078,105079],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105082,98997],{"class":79},[73,105084,84],{"class":83},[73,105086,99002],{"class":105},[73,105088,404],{"class":315},[73,105090,149],{"class":105},[73,105092,409],{"class":315},[73,105094,17661],{"class":105},[73,105096,528],{"class":105},[73,105098,1652],{"class":315},[73,105100,149],{"class":105},[73,105102,2047],{"class":315},[73,105104,13303],{"class":105},[20,105106,76240,105107,105109],{},[15,105108,2594],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105111,105112],{},"A safer example:",[64,105114,105116],{"className":66,"code":105115,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105117,105118,105146],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105119,105120,105123,105125,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105121,105122],{"class":79},"good_set ",[73,105124,84],{"class":83},[73,105126,105127],{"class":105}," {(",[73,105129,404],{"class":315},[73,105131,149],{"class":105},[73,105133,409],{"class":315},[73,105135,8825],{"class":105},[73,105137,8828],{"class":105},[73,105139,1652],{"class":315},[73,105141,149],{"class":105},[73,105143,2047],{"class":315},[73,105145,105042],{"class":105},[73,105147,105148,105150,105152,105155],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105149,102],{"class":101},[73,105151,106],{"class":105},[73,105153,105154],{"class":114},"good_set",[73,105156,854],{"class":105},[20,105158,1660],{},[64,105160,105162],{"className":66,"code":105161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105163,105164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105165,105166,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105167,105168],{"class":105},"{(",[73,105170,404],{"class":315},[73,105172,149],{"class":105},[73,105174,409],{"class":315},[73,105176,8825],{"class":105},[73,105178,8828],{"class":105},[73,105180,1652],{"class":315},[73,105182,149],{"class":105},[73,105184,2047],{"class":315},[73,105186,105042],{"class":105},[59,105188,105190],{"id":105189},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105192,121,105193,10193],{},[15,105194,3383],{},[30,105196,105197,105200,105205,105208],{},[33,105198,105199],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105201,105202,105203],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105204,3469],{},[33,105206,105207],{},"order does not matter",[33,105209,105210],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105212,105213],{},"Example of membership checking:",[64,105215,105217],{"className":66,"code":105216,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105218,105219,105244,105248,105264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105220,105221,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105237,105239,105242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105222,105223],{"class":79},"allowed_ids ",[73,105225,84],{"class":83},[73,105227,15232],{"class":1270},[73,105229,401],{"class":105},[73,105231,45968],{"class":315},[73,105233,149],{"class":105},[73,105235,105236],{"class":315}," 102",[73,105238,149],{"class":105},[73,105240,105241],{"class":315}," 103",[73,105243,3475],{"class":105},[73,105245,105246],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105247,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,105249,105250,105252,105254,105257,105259,105262],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,105251,102],{"class":101},[73,105253,106],{"class":105},[73,105255,105256],{"class":315},"102",[73,105258,20773],{"class":646},[73,105260,105261],{"class":114}," allowed_ids",[73,105263,854],{"class":105},[73,105265,105266,105268,105270,105273,105275,105277],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,105267,102],{"class":101},[73,105269,106],{"class":105},[73,105271,105272],{"class":315},"999",[73,105274,20773],{"class":646},[73,105276,105261],{"class":114},[73,105278,854],{"class":105},[20,105280,1660],{},[64,105282,105283],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105284,105285,105289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105286,105287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105288,3566],{"class":3438},[73,105290,105291],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105292,3627],{"class":3438},[20,105294,105295],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[59,105297,105299],{"id":105298},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105301,105302],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[292,105304,121,105306,97607],{"id":105305},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105307,3383],{},[64,105309,105310],{"className":66,"code":97668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105311,105312,105322],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105313,105314,105316,105318,105320],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105315,97675],{"class":79},[73,105317,84],{"class":83},[73,105319,15232],{"class":1270},[73,105321,8233],{"class":105},[73,105323,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105325,102],{"class":101},[73,105327,106],{"class":105},[73,105329,1271],{"class":1270},[73,105331,106],{"class":105},[73,105333,97694],{"class":114},[73,105335,118],{"class":105},[20,105337,1660],{},[64,105339,105340],{"className":66,"code":8443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105341,105342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105343,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105345,2879],{"class":83},[73,105347,2882],{"class":633},[73,105349,152],{"class":87},[73,105351,5875],{"class":91},[73,105353,141],{"class":87},[73,105355,2891],{"class":83},[292,105357,121,105359,105361],{"id":105358},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105360,99667],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[64,105363,105365],{"className":66,"code":105364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105366,105367,105387],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105368,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105370,523],{"class":79},[73,105372,84],{"class":83},[73,105374,10083],{"class":105},[73,105376,404],{"class":315},[73,105378,149],{"class":105},[73,105380,409],{"class":315},[73,105382,149],{"class":105},[73,105384,414],{"class":315},[73,105386,8901],{"class":105},[73,105388,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105390,102],{"class":101},[73,105392,106],{"class":105},[73,105394,1271],{"class":1270},[73,105396,106],{"class":105},[73,105398,553],{"class":114},[73,105400,118],{"class":105},[20,105402,1660],{},[64,105404,105405],{"className":66,"code":8443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105406,105407],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105408,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105410,2879],{"class":83},[73,105412,2882],{"class":633},[73,105414,152],{"class":87},[73,105416,5875],{"class":91},[73,105418,141],{"class":87},[73,105420,2891],{"class":83},[292,105422,121,105424,105426],{"id":105423},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105425,3378],{}," for an empty dictionary",[64,105428,105430],{"className":66,"code":105429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105431,105432,105441],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105433,105434,105437,105439],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105435,105436],{"class":79},"empty_dict ",[73,105438,84],{"class":83},[73,105440,9431],{"class":105},[73,105442,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105454],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105444,102],{"class":101},[73,105446,106],{"class":105},[73,105448,1271],{"class":1270},[73,105450,106],{"class":105},[73,105452,105453],{"class":114},"empty_dict",[73,105455,118],{"class":105},[20,105457,1660],{},[64,105459,105460],{"className":66,"code":8399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105461,105462],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105463,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105465,2879],{"class":83},[73,105467,2882],{"class":633},[73,105469,152],{"class":87},[73,105471,8412],{"class":91},[73,105473,141],{"class":87},[73,105475,2891],{"class":83},[20,105477,105478],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105480,105481,105486,105491],{},[33,105482,105483,105485],{},[15,105484,3383],{}," → empty set",[33,105487,105488,105490],{},[15,105489,99667],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105492,105493,105495],{},[15,105494,3378],{}," → empty dictionary",[59,105497,1207],{"id":1206},[20,105499,105500,105501,817],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105502,3383],{},[292,105504,438,105505,99265],{"id":99262},[15,105506,3378],{},[20,105508,105509],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[64,105511,105512],{"className":66,"code":99271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105513,105514,105522],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105515,105516,105518,105520],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105517,2037],{"class":79},[73,105519,84],{"class":83},[73,105521,9431],{"class":105},[73,105523,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105525,102],{"class":101},[73,105527,106],{"class":105},[73,105529,1271],{"class":1270},[73,105531,106],{"class":105},[73,105533,2063],{"class":114},[73,105535,118],{"class":105},[292,105537,105539,105540],{"id":105538},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105541,105542],{},"set(5)",[20,105544,105545,105547],{},[15,105546,3383],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[64,105549,105551],{"className":66,"code":105550,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set(5)\n",[15,105552,105553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105554,105555,105557,105559,105561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105556,5875],{"class":1270},[73,105558,106],{"class":105},[73,105560,1727],{"class":315},[73,105562,854],{"class":105},[20,105564,2591,105565,105567,105568,817],{},[15,105566,2594],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[587,105569,105571],{"href":105570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[292,105573,105575],{"id":105574},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105577,105578],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[64,105580,105582],{"className":66,"code":105581,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105583,105584],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105585,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105587,2037],{"class":79},[73,105589,84],{"class":83},[73,105591,99002],{"class":105},[73,105593,404],{"class":315},[73,105595,149],{"class":105},[73,105597,409],{"class":315},[73,105599,17661],{"class":105},[73,105601,528],{"class":105},[73,105603,1652],{"class":315},[73,105605,149],{"class":105},[73,105607,2047],{"class":315},[73,105609,13303],{"class":105},[292,105611,8044,105613,105615],{"id":105612},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105614,3383],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105617,105618],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[292,105620,36575,105622,8295,105624,2468,105626],{"id":105621},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105623,3383],{},[15,105625,24380],{},[15,105627,8711],{},[20,105629,105630],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[59,105632,60091],{"id":60090},[20,105634,10706],{},[64,105636,105638],{"className":66,"code":105637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105639,105640,105655,105665,105679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650,105653],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105643,102],{"class":101},[73,105645,106],{"class":105},[73,105647,1271],{"class":1270},[73,105649,106],{"class":105},[73,105651,105652],{"class":114},"my_value",[73,105654,118],{"class":105},[73,105656,105657,105659,105661,105663],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105658,102],{"class":101},[73,105660,106],{"class":105},[73,105662,105652],{"class":114},[73,105664,854],{"class":105},[73,105666,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,105668,102],{"class":101},[73,105670,106],{"class":105},[73,105672,7684],{"class":1270},[73,105674,106],{"class":105},[73,105676,15265],{"class":114},[73,105678,118],{"class":105},[73,105680,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,105682,102],{"class":101},[73,105684,106],{"class":105},[73,105686,10755],{"class":101},[73,105688,106],{"class":105},[73,105690,15265],{"class":114},[73,105692,118],{"class":105},[20,105694,105695],{},"What they help you see:",[30,105697,105698,105704,105709,105715],{},[33,105699,105700,105703],{},[15,105701,105702],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,105705,105706,89931],{},[15,105707,105708],{},"print(my_value)",[33,105710,105711,105714],{},[15,105712,105713],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,105716,105717,105720],{},[15,105718,105719],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[59,105722,1405],{"id":1404},[292,105724,105726],{"id":105725},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105728,105729],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[292,105731,105733],{"id":105732},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105735,121,105736,105738,105739,105741],{},[15,105737,3383],{},". Do not use ",[15,105740,3378],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[292,105743,105745],{"id":105744},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105747,105748],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[292,105750,105752],{"id":105751},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105754,105755],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105757,714],{},[64,105759,105761],{"className":66,"code":105760,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105762,105763],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105764,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105766,102],{"class":101},[73,105768,106],{"class":105},[73,105770,5875],{"class":1270},[73,105772,106],{"class":105},[73,105774,384],{"class":87},[73,105776,3666],{"class":91},[73,105778,384],{"class":87},[73,105780,118],{"class":105},[20,105782,29627],{},[64,105784,105786],{"className":66,"code":105785,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105787,105788],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105789,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105791,8870],{"class":105},[73,105793,141],{"class":87},[73,105795,587],{"class":91},[73,105797,141],{"class":87},[73,105799,149],{"class":105},[73,105801,152],{"class":87},[73,105803,20],{"class":91},[73,105805,141],{"class":87},[73,105807,149],{"class":105},[73,105809,152],{"class":87},[73,105811,59837],{"class":91},[73,105813,141],{"class":87},[73,105815,149],{"class":105},[73,105817,152],{"class":87},[73,105819,59828],{"class":91},[73,105821,141],{"class":87},[73,105823,8901],{"class":105},[292,105825,4747,105827,105830],{"id":105826},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105828,105829],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105832,105833,28282,105835,105838],{},[15,105834,3383],{},[55,105836,105837],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105840,105841],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[64,105843,105845],{"className":66,"code":105844,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105846,105847],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105848,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105850,102],{"class":101},[73,105852,106],{"class":105},[73,105854,5875],{"class":1270},[73,105856,401],{"class":105},[73,105858,404],{"class":315},[73,105860,149],{"class":105},[73,105862,409],{"class":315},[73,105864,149],{"class":105},[73,105866,414],{"class":315},[73,105868,149],{"class":105},[73,105870,2047],{"class":315},[73,105872,417],{"class":105},[59,105874,1461],{"id":1460},[30,105876,105877,105881,105885,105889,105893],{},[33,105878,105879],{},[587,105880,95713],{"href":95712},[33,105882,105883],{},[587,105884,103877],{"href":95716},[33,105886,105887],{},[587,105888,99729],{"href":104728},[33,105890,105891],{},[587,105892,104435],{"href":64229},[33,105894,105895],{},[587,105896,105571],{"href":105570},[1500,105898,105899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":105901},[105902,105903,105904,105905,105906,105912,105913,105914,105922,105932,105933,105941],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":104053,"depth":98,"text":104054},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":104438,"depth":98,"text":104439},{"id":104625,"depth":98,"text":104626,"children":105907},[105908,105909,105910,105911],{"id":104629,"depth":332,"text":104630},{"id":104731,"depth":332,"text":104732},{"id":104815,"depth":332,"text":104816},{"id":104907,"depth":332,"text":104908},{"id":104975,"depth":98,"text":104976},{"id":105189,"depth":98,"text":105190},{"id":105298,"depth":98,"text":105299,"children":105915},[105916,105918,105920],{"id":105305,"depth":332,"text":105917},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105358,"depth":332,"text":105919},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105423,"depth":332,"text":105921},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":105923},[105924,105925,105927,105928,105930],{"id":99262,"depth":332,"text":99770},{"id":105538,"depth":332,"text":105926},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105574,"depth":332,"text":105575},{"id":105612,"depth":332,"text":105929},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105621,"depth":332,"text":105931},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60090,"depth":98,"text":60091},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":105934},[105935,105936,105937,105938,105939],{"id":105725,"depth":332,"text":105726},{"id":105732,"depth":332,"text":105733},{"id":105744,"depth":332,"text":105745},{"id":105751,"depth":332,"text":105752},{"id":105826,"depth":332,"text":105940},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103935,"description":105942},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105949,"title":105950,"body":105951,"description":107466,"extension":1552,"meta":107467,"navigation":335,"path":107468,"seo":107469,"stem":107470,"__hash__":107471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105952,"toc":107442},[105953,105959,105964,105967,106050,106055,106060,106065,106067,106080,106084,106086,106105,106108,106131,106134,106145,106147,106228,106230,106247,106249,106255,106258,106353,106355,106386,106388,106396,106398,106401,106512,106514,106539,106541,106563,106568,106573,106579,106688,106690,106706,106709,106712,106795,106797,106814,106822,106824,106828,106834,106925,106927,106960,106965,106972,107049,107051,107068,107074,107076,107080,107096,107099,107125,107127,107188,107190,107313,107315,107366,107372,107374,107379,107381,107387,107390,107394,107397,107401,107404,107414,107416,107439],[10,105954,13,105956,10916],{"id":105955},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105957,105958],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105960,1569,105961,105963],{},[15,105962,105958],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105965,105966],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[64,105968,105970],{"className":66,"code":105969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105971,105972,105992,106012,106016,106035,106045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105973,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105975,2145],{"class":79},[73,105977,84],{"class":83},[73,105979,10083],{"class":105},[73,105981,404],{"class":315},[73,105983,149],{"class":105},[73,105985,409],{"class":315},[73,105987,149],{"class":105},[73,105989,414],{"class":315},[73,105991,8901],{"class":105},[73,105993,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,105995,2173],{"class":79},[73,105997,84],{"class":83},[73,105999,10083],{"class":105},[73,106001,1646],{"class":315},[73,106003,149],{"class":105},[73,106005,414],{"class":315},[73,106007,149],{"class":105},[73,106009,2047],{"class":315},[73,106011,8901],{"class":105},[73,106013,106014],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106015,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106017,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026,106029,106031,106033],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106019,1819],{"class":79},[73,106021,84],{"class":83},[73,106023,56267],{"class":79},[73,106025,817],{"class":105},[73,106027,106028],{"class":114},"intersection",[73,106030,106],{"class":105},[73,106032,4350],{"class":114},[73,106034,854],{"class":105},[73,106036,106037,106039,106041,106043],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106038,102],{"class":101},[73,106040,106],{"class":105},[73,106042,1854],{"class":114},[73,106044,854],{"class":105},[73,106046,106047],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,106048,106049],{"class":3249},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106051,121,106052,106054],{},[15,106053,102176],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[59,106056,12593,106058,12596],{"id":106057},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106059,102176],{},[20,106061,106062,106064],{},[15,106063,102176],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106066,12649],{},[30,106068,106069,106072,106074,106077],{},[33,106070,106071],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106073,99946],{},[33,106075,106076],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106078,106079],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106081,95709,106082,817],{},[587,106083,95713],{"href":95712},[59,106085,285],{"id":284},[64,106087,106089],{"className":66,"code":106088,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106090,106091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106092,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106094,99970],{"class":79},[73,106096,817],{"class":105},[73,106098,106028],{"class":114},[73,106100,106],{"class":105},[73,106102,99979],{"class":114},[73,106104,854],{"class":105},[20,106106,106107],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[64,106109,106111],{"className":66,"code":106110,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106112,106113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106114,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106116,99970],{"class":79},[73,106118,817],{"class":105},[73,106120,106028],{"class":114},[73,106122,106],{"class":105},[73,106124,99979],{"class":114},[73,106126,149],{"class":105},[73,106128,100006],{"class":114},[73,106130,854],{"class":105},[20,106132,106133],{},"Important notes:",[30,106135,106136,106139,106142],{},[33,106137,106138],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106140,106141],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106143,106144],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106146,714],{},[64,106148,106150],{"className":66,"code":106149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106151,106152,106176,106196,106200,106218],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106153,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106155,2145],{"class":79},[73,106157,84],{"class":83},[73,106159,10083],{"class":105},[73,106161,404],{"class":315},[73,106163,149],{"class":105},[73,106165,409],{"class":315},[73,106167,149],{"class":105},[73,106169,414],{"class":315},[73,106171,149],{"class":105},[73,106173,2047],{"class":315},[73,106175,8901],{"class":105},[73,106177,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106179,2173],{"class":79},[73,106181,84],{"class":83},[73,106183,10083],{"class":105},[73,106185,1652],{"class":315},[73,106187,149],{"class":105},[73,106189,2047],{"class":315},[73,106191,149],{"class":105},[73,106193,4194],{"class":315},[73,106195,8901],{"class":105},[73,106197,106198],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106199,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106201,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214,106216],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106203,1819],{"class":79},[73,106205,84],{"class":83},[73,106207,56267],{"class":79},[73,106209,817],{"class":105},[73,106211,106028],{"class":114},[73,106213,106],{"class":105},[73,106215,4350],{"class":114},[73,106217,854],{"class":105},[73,106219,106220,106222,106224,106226],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106221,102],{"class":101},[73,106223,106],{"class":105},[73,106225,1854],{"class":114},[73,106227,854],{"class":105},[20,106229,1660],{},[64,106231,106233],{"className":66,"code":106232,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106234,106235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106236,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106238,8870],{"class":105},[73,106240,1652],{"class":315},[73,106242,149],{"class":105},[73,106244,2047],{"class":315},[73,106246,8901],{"class":105},[59,106248,17017],{"id":17016},[20,106250,106251,21574,106253,817],{},[15,106252,102176],{},[55,106254,5875],{},[20,106256,106257],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[64,106259,106261],{"className":66,"code":106260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106262,106263,106283,106303,106307,106325,106329,106339],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106264,106265,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106266,2145],{"class":79},[73,106268,84],{"class":83},[73,106270,10083],{"class":105},[73,106272,404],{"class":315},[73,106274,149],{"class":105},[73,106276,409],{"class":315},[73,106278,149],{"class":105},[73,106280,414],{"class":315},[73,106282,8901],{"class":105},[73,106284,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106286,2173],{"class":79},[73,106288,84],{"class":83},[73,106290,10083],{"class":105},[73,106292,1646],{"class":315},[73,106294,149],{"class":105},[73,106296,414],{"class":315},[73,106298,149],{"class":105},[73,106300,2047],{"class":315},[73,106302,8901],{"class":105},[73,106304,106305],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106306,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106308,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106310,1819],{"class":79},[73,106312,84],{"class":83},[73,106314,56267],{"class":79},[73,106316,817],{"class":105},[73,106318,106028],{"class":114},[73,106320,106],{"class":105},[73,106322,4350],{"class":114},[73,106324,854],{"class":105},[73,106326,106327],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106328,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106330,106331,106333,106335,106337],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,106332,102],{"class":101},[73,106334,106],{"class":105},[73,106336,1854],{"class":114},[73,106338,854],{"class":105},[73,106340,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,106342,102],{"class":101},[73,106344,106],{"class":105},[73,106346,1271],{"class":1270},[73,106348,106],{"class":105},[73,106350,1854],{"class":114},[73,106352,118],{"class":105},[20,106354,1660],{},[64,106356,106358],{"className":66,"code":106357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106359,106360,106372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106361,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106363,8870],{"class":105},[73,106365,1646],{"class":315},[73,106367,149],{"class":105},[73,106369,414],{"class":315},[73,106371,8901],{"class":105},[73,106373,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106375,2879],{"class":83},[73,106377,2882],{"class":633},[73,106379,152],{"class":87},[73,106381,5875],{"class":91},[73,106383,141],{"class":87},[73,106385,2891],{"class":83},[20,106387,85194],{},[30,106389,106390,106393],{},[33,106391,106392],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106394,106395],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[59,106397,11069],{"id":11068},[20,106399,106400],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[64,106402,106404],{"className":66,"code":106403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106405,106406,106439,106472,106476,106497,106501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106407,106408,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106409,106410],{"class":79},"colors1 ",[73,106412,84],{"class":83},[73,106414,10083],{"class":105},[73,106416,384],{"class":87},[73,106418,12690],{"class":91},[73,106420,384],{"class":87},[73,106422,149],{"class":105},[73,106424,88],{"class":87},[73,106426,12707],{"class":91},[73,106428,384],{"class":87},[73,106430,149],{"class":105},[73,106432,88],{"class":87},[73,106434,17054],{"class":91},[73,106436,384],{"class":87},[73,106438,8901],{"class":105},[73,106440,106441,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106442,106443],{"class":79},"colors2 ",[73,106445,84],{"class":83},[73,106447,10083],{"class":105},[73,106449,384],{"class":87},[73,106451,17054],{"class":91},[73,106453,384],{"class":87},[73,106455,149],{"class":105},[73,106457,88],{"class":87},[73,106459,22123],{"class":91},[73,106461,384],{"class":87},[73,106463,149],{"class":105},[73,106465,88],{"class":87},[73,106467,12707],{"class":91},[73,106469,384],{"class":87},[73,106471,8901],{"class":105},[73,106473,106474],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106475,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106477,106478,106481,106483,106486,106488,106490,106492,106495],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106479,106480],{"class":79},"common_colors ",[73,106482,84],{"class":83},[73,106484,106485],{"class":79}," colors1",[73,106487,817],{"class":105},[73,106489,106028],{"class":114},[73,106491,106],{"class":105},[73,106493,106494],{"class":114},"colors2",[73,106496,854],{"class":105},[73,106498,106499],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106500,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106502,106503,106505,106507,106510],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,106504,102],{"class":101},[73,106506,106],{"class":105},[73,106508,106509],{"class":114},"common_colors",[73,106511,854],{"class":105},[20,106513,1660],{},[64,106515,106517],{"className":66,"code":106516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106518,106519],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106522,8870],{"class":105},[73,106524,141],{"class":87},[73,106526,12707],{"class":91},[73,106528,141],{"class":87},[73,106530,149],{"class":105},[73,106532,152],{"class":87},[73,106534,17054],{"class":91},[73,106536,141],{"class":87},[73,106538,8901],{"class":105},[20,106540,11278],{},[30,106542,106543,106549,106553,106558],{},[33,106544,106545,106548],{},[15,106546,106547],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106550,106551,106548],{},[15,106552,106494],{},[33,106554,106555,106557],{},[15,106556,102176],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106559,106560,106561],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106562,106509],{},[59,106564,438,106566,100543],{"id":106565},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106567,102176],{},[20,106569,106570,106571,817],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106572,102176],{},[20,106574,106575,106576,106578],{},"Only the values found in ",[55,106577,3301],{}," inputs will be kept.",[64,106580,106582],{"className":66,"code":106581,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106583,106584,106608,106632,106652,106656,106678],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106587,2145],{"class":79},[73,106589,84],{"class":83},[73,106591,10083],{"class":105},[73,106593,404],{"class":315},[73,106595,149],{"class":105},[73,106597,409],{"class":315},[73,106599,149],{"class":105},[73,106601,414],{"class":315},[73,106603,149],{"class":105},[73,106605,2047],{"class":315},[73,106607,8901],{"class":105},[73,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106611,2173],{"class":79},[73,106613,84],{"class":83},[73,106615,10083],{"class":105},[73,106617,1646],{"class":315},[73,106619,149],{"class":105},[73,106621,414],{"class":315},[73,106623,149],{"class":105},[73,106625,2047],{"class":315},[73,106627,149],{"class":105},[73,106629,4194],{"class":315},[73,106631,8901],{"class":105},[73,106633,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106635,82568],{"class":79},[73,106637,84],{"class":83},[73,106639,10083],{"class":105},[73,106641,1652],{"class":315},[73,106643,149],{"class":105},[73,106645,2047],{"class":315},[73,106647,149],{"class":105},[73,106649,37015],{"class":315},[73,106651,8901],{"class":105},[73,106653,106654],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106655,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106657,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106659,1819],{"class":79},[73,106661,84],{"class":83},[73,106663,56267],{"class":79},[73,106665,817],{"class":105},[73,106667,106028],{"class":114},[73,106669,106],{"class":105},[73,106671,4350],{"class":114},[73,106673,149],{"class":105},[73,106675,9274],{"class":114},[73,106677,854],{"class":105},[73,106679,106680,106682,106684,106686],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,106681,102],{"class":101},[73,106683,106],{"class":105},[73,106685,1854],{"class":114},[73,106687,854],{"class":105},[20,106689,1660],{},[64,106691,106692],{"className":66,"code":106232,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106693,106694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106695,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106697,8870],{"class":105},[73,106699,1652],{"class":315},[73,106701,149],{"class":105},[73,106703,2047],{"class":315},[73,106705,8901],{"class":105},[20,106707,106708],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106710,106711],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[64,106713,106715],{"className":66,"code":106714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106716,106717,106741,106745,106785],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106720,2145],{"class":79},[73,106722,84],{"class":83},[73,106724,10083],{"class":105},[73,106726,404],{"class":315},[73,106728,149],{"class":105},[73,106730,409],{"class":315},[73,106732,149],{"class":105},[73,106734,414],{"class":315},[73,106736,149],{"class":105},[73,106738,2047],{"class":315},[73,106740,8901],{"class":105},[73,106742,106743],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106744,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106746,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106748,1819],{"class":79},[73,106750,84],{"class":83},[73,106752,56267],{"class":79},[73,106754,817],{"class":105},[73,106756,106028],{"class":114},[73,106758,401],{"class":105},[73,106760,1646],{"class":315},[73,106762,149],{"class":105},[73,106764,2047],{"class":315},[73,106766,149],{"class":105},[73,106768,37015],{"class":315},[73,106770,17661],{"class":105},[73,106772,8828],{"class":105},[73,106774,404],{"class":315},[73,106776,149],{"class":105},[73,106778,409],{"class":315},[73,106780,149],{"class":105},[73,106782,2047],{"class":315},[73,106784,118],{"class":105},[73,106786,106787,106789,106791,106793],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106788,102],{"class":101},[73,106790,106],{"class":105},[73,106792,1854],{"class":114},[73,106794,854],{"class":105},[20,106796,1660],{},[64,106798,106800],{"className":66,"code":106799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106801,106802],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106803,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106805,8870],{"class":105},[73,106807,1646],{"class":315},[73,106809,149],{"class":105},[73,106811,2047],{"class":315},[73,106813,8901],{"class":105},[59,106815,106817,1011,106819],{"id":106816},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106818,102176],{},[15,106820,106821],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106823,100713],{},[292,106825,106826],{"id":106028},[15,106827,102176],{},[30,106829,106830,106832],{},[33,106831,100722],{},[33,106833,100725],{},[64,106835,106837],{"className":66,"code":106836,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106838,106839,106859,106879,106883,106901,106905,106915],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106840,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106842,2145],{"class":79},[73,106844,84],{"class":83},[73,106846,10083],{"class":105},[73,106848,404],{"class":315},[73,106850,149],{"class":105},[73,106852,409],{"class":315},[73,106854,149],{"class":105},[73,106856,414],{"class":315},[73,106858,8901],{"class":105},[73,106860,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106862,2173],{"class":79},[73,106864,84],{"class":83},[73,106866,10083],{"class":105},[73,106868,1646],{"class":315},[73,106870,149],{"class":105},[73,106872,414],{"class":315},[73,106874,149],{"class":105},[73,106876,2047],{"class":315},[73,106878,8901],{"class":105},[73,106880,106881],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,106882,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106884,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,106886,1819],{"class":79},[73,106888,84],{"class":83},[73,106890,56267],{"class":79},[73,106892,817],{"class":105},[73,106894,106028],{"class":114},[73,106896,106],{"class":105},[73,106898,4350],{"class":114},[73,106900,854],{"class":105},[73,106902,106903],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,106904,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,106908,102],{"class":101},[73,106910,106],{"class":105},[73,106912,587],{"class":114},[73,106914,854],{"class":105},[73,106916,106917,106919,106921,106923],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,106918,102],{"class":101},[73,106920,106],{"class":105},[73,106922,1854],{"class":114},[73,106924,854],{"class":105},[20,106926,1660],{},[64,106928,106930],{"className":66,"code":106929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106931,106932,106948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106935,8870],{"class":105},[73,106937,404],{"class":315},[73,106939,149],{"class":105},[73,106941,409],{"class":315},[73,106943,149],{"class":105},[73,106945,414],{"class":315},[73,106947,8901],{"class":105},[73,106949,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,106951,8870],{"class":105},[73,106953,1646],{"class":315},[73,106955,149],{"class":105},[73,106957,414],{"class":315},[73,106959,8901],{"class":105},[292,106961,106963],{"id":106962},"intersection_update",[15,106964,106821],{},[30,106966,106967,106969],{},[33,106968,100865],{},[33,106970,106971],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[64,106973,106975],{"className":66,"code":106974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106976,106977,106997,107017,107021,107035,107039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106980,2145],{"class":79},[73,106982,84],{"class":83},[73,106984,10083],{"class":105},[73,106986,404],{"class":315},[73,106988,149],{"class":105},[73,106990,409],{"class":315},[73,106992,149],{"class":105},[73,106994,414],{"class":315},[73,106996,8901],{"class":105},[73,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107000,2173],{"class":79},[73,107002,84],{"class":83},[73,107004,10083],{"class":105},[73,107006,1646],{"class":315},[73,107008,149],{"class":105},[73,107010,414],{"class":315},[73,107012,149],{"class":105},[73,107014,2047],{"class":315},[73,107016,8901],{"class":105},[73,107018,107019],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107020,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107022,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107024,587],{"class":79},[73,107026,817],{"class":105},[73,107028,106962],{"class":114},[73,107030,106],{"class":105},[73,107032,4350],{"class":114},[73,107034,854],{"class":105},[73,107036,107037],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,107038,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,107042,102],{"class":101},[73,107044,106],{"class":105},[73,107046,587],{"class":114},[73,107048,854],{"class":105},[20,107050,1660],{},[64,107052,107054],{"className":66,"code":107053,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107055,107056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107059,8870],{"class":105},[73,107061,1646],{"class":315},[73,107063,149],{"class":105},[73,107065,414],{"class":315},[73,107067,8901],{"class":105},[20,107069,107070,107071,107073],{},"Choose ",[15,107072,102176],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[59,107075,4107],{"id":4106},[20,107077,14331,107078,2475],{},[15,107079,102176],{},[30,107081,107082,107085,107088,107091],{},[33,107083,107084],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107086,107087],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107089,107090],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107092,107093,107094],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107095,102176],{},[20,107097,107098],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107100,107101,107106,107109,107122],{},[33,107102,438,107103,107105],{},[15,107104,102176],{}," when order matters",[33,107107,107108],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107110,36575,107111,8295,107113,2468,107118],{},[15,107112,102176],{},[587,107114,107116],{"href":107115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107117,102184],{},[587,107119,107120],{"href":102225},[15,107121,99799],{},[33,107123,107124],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107126,29733],{},[64,107128,107130],{"className":66,"code":107129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107131,107132,107142,107156,107174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107133,107134,107136,107138,107140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107135,102],{"class":101},[73,107137,106],{"class":105},[73,107139,15265],{"class":114},[73,107141,854],{"class":105},[73,107143,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107145,102],{"class":101},[73,107147,106],{"class":105},[73,107149,1271],{"class":1270},[73,107151,106],{"class":105},[73,107153,1854],{"class":114},[73,107155,118],{"class":105},[73,107157,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107159,102],{"class":101},[73,107161,106],{"class":105},[73,107163,99970],{"class":114},[73,107165,817],{"class":105},[73,107167,106028],{"class":114},[73,107169,106],{"class":105},[73,107171,99979],{"class":114},[73,107173,118],{"class":105},[73,107175,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107177,102],{"class":101},[73,107179,106],{"class":105},[73,107181,10755],{"class":101},[73,107183,106],{"class":105},[73,107185,1854],{"class":114},[73,107187,118],{"class":105},[20,107189,714],{},[64,107191,107193],{"className":66,"code":107192,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107194,107195,107219,107239,107243,107261,107265,107275,107285,107299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107196,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107198,523],{"class":79},[73,107200,84],{"class":83},[73,107202,10083],{"class":105},[73,107204,404],{"class":315},[73,107206,149],{"class":105},[73,107208,409],{"class":315},[73,107210,149],{"class":105},[73,107212,409],{"class":315},[73,107214,149],{"class":105},[73,107216,414],{"class":315},[73,107218,8901],{"class":105},[73,107220,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107222,42924],{"class":79},[73,107224,84],{"class":83},[73,107226,10083],{"class":105},[73,107228,1646],{"class":315},[73,107230,149],{"class":105},[73,107232,414],{"class":315},[73,107234,149],{"class":105},[73,107236,2047],{"class":315},[73,107238,8901],{"class":105},[73,107240,107241],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107242,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107246,1819],{"class":79},[73,107248,84],{"class":83},[73,107250,3851],{"class":79},[73,107252,817],{"class":105},[73,107254,106028],{"class":114},[73,107256,106],{"class":105},[73,107258,30341],{"class":114},[73,107260,854],{"class":105},[73,107262,107263],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,107264,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107266,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,107268,102],{"class":101},[73,107270,106],{"class":105},[73,107272,553],{"class":114},[73,107274,854],{"class":105},[73,107276,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,107278,102],{"class":101},[73,107280,106],{"class":105},[73,107282,1854],{"class":114},[73,107284,854],{"class":105},[73,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,107288,102],{"class":101},[73,107290,106],{"class":105},[73,107292,1271],{"class":1270},[73,107294,106],{"class":105},[73,107296,1854],{"class":114},[73,107298,118],{"class":105},[73,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,107302,102],{"class":101},[73,107304,106],{"class":105},[73,107306,10755],{"class":101},[73,107308,106],{"class":105},[73,107310,1854],{"class":114},[73,107312,118],{"class":105},[20,107314,1660],{},[64,107316,107318],{"className":66,"code":107317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107319,107320,107336,107348,107362],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107321,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107323,8870],{"class":105},[73,107325,404],{"class":315},[73,107327,149],{"class":105},[73,107329,409],{"class":315},[73,107331,149],{"class":105},[73,107333,414],{"class":315},[73,107335,8901],{"class":105},[73,107337,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107339,8870],{"class":105},[73,107341,1646],{"class":315},[73,107343,149],{"class":105},[73,107345,414],{"class":315},[73,107347,8901],{"class":105},[73,107349,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107351,2879],{"class":83},[73,107353,2882],{"class":633},[73,107355,152],{"class":87},[73,107357,5875],{"class":91},[73,107359,141],{"class":87},[73,107361,2891],{"class":83},[73,107363,107364],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107365,16655],{"class":315},[20,107367,107368,107369,107371],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107370,1646],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[59,107373,1405],{"id":1404},[292,107375,12300,107377,102124],{"id":107376},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107378,102176],{},[20,107380,102127],{},[292,107382,1446,107384,107386],{"id":107383},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107385,102176],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107388,107389],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[292,107391,107393],{"id":107392},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107395,107396],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[292,107398,107400],{"id":107399},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107402,107403],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[64,107405,107406],{"className":66,"code":96843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,107407,107408],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107409,107410,107412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107411,5875],{"class":1270},[73,107413,8233],{"class":105},[59,107415,1461],{"id":1460},[30,107417,107418,107422,107429,107435],{},[33,107419,107420],{},[587,107421,95713],{"href":95712},[33,107423,107424],{},[587,107425,13,107426,10333],{"href":107115},[15,107427,107428],{},"set.union()",[33,107430,107431],{},[587,107432,13,107433,10333],{"href":102225},[15,107434,99804],{},[33,107436,107437],{},[587,107438,99729],{"href":104728},[1500,107440,107441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":107443},[107444,107446,107447,107448,107449,107451,107456,107457,107465],{"id":106057,"depth":98,"text":107445},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":106565,"depth":98,"text":107450},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106816,"depth":98,"text":107452,"children":107453},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107454,107455],{"id":106028,"depth":332,"text":102176},{"id":106962,"depth":332,"text":106821},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":107458},[107459,107461,107463,107464],{"id":107376,"depth":332,"text":107460},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107383,"depth":332,"text":107462},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107392,"depth":332,"text":107393},{"id":107399,"depth":332,"text":107400},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105950,"description":107466},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107473,"title":107474,"body":107475,"description":108711,"extension":1552,"meta":108712,"navigation":335,"path":108713,"seo":108714,"stem":108715,"__hash__":108716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107476,"toc":108678},[107477,107482,107488,107497,107499,107574,107579,107594,107604,107609,107613,107626,107630,107632,107647,107649,107665,107667,107742,107746,107749,107751,107768,107773,107828,107833,107845,107849,107852,107953,107955,107996,107999,108003,108010,108012,108037,108040,108058,108065,108071,108074,108156,108163,108166,108246,108255,108258,108263,108267,108281,108330,108335,108339,108350,108399,108410,108415,108419,108431,108480,108491,108493,108497,108520,108522,108579,108581,108595,108597,108603,108609,108615,108624,108628,108635,108639,108647,108649,108675],[10,107478,95585,107480,10916],{"id":107479},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107481,12359],{},[20,107483,107484,107487],{},[15,107485,107486],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107489,107490,107491,107493,107494,107496],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[55,107492,806],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107495,12359],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[59,107498,62],{"id":61},[64,107500,107502],{"className":66,"code":107501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107503,107504,107536,107550,107554,107564],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107507,7369],{"class":79},[73,107509,84],{"class":83},[73,107511,10083],{"class":105},[73,107513,384],{"class":87},[73,107515,3666],{"class":91},[73,107517,384],{"class":87},[73,107519,149],{"class":105},[73,107521,88],{"class":87},[73,107523,3675],{"class":91},[73,107525,384],{"class":87},[73,107527,149],{"class":105},[73,107529,88],{"class":87},[73,107531,3684],{"class":91},[73,107533,384],{"class":87},[73,107535,8901],{"class":105},[73,107537,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107539,69316],{"class":79},[73,107541,84],{"class":83},[73,107543,5553],{"class":79},[73,107545,817],{"class":105},[73,107547,569],{"class":114},[73,107549,8233],{"class":105},[73,107551,107552],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107553,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107557,102],{"class":101},[73,107559,106],{"class":105},[73,107561,69339],{"class":114},[73,107563,854],{"class":105},[73,107565,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,107567,102],{"class":101},[73,107569,106],{"class":105},[73,107571,7400],{"class":114},[73,107573,854],{"class":105},[20,107575,107576],{},[55,107577,107578],{},"What this does:",[30,107580,107581,107586,107591],{},[33,107582,107583,107584],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107585,7400],{},[33,107587,107588,107589],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107590,69339],{},[33,107592,107593],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107595,107596,88345,107598,107600,107601,107603],{},[55,107597,83203],{},[15,107599,107486],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[55,107602,806],{}," chosen by index.",[59,107605,236,107607,239],{"id":107606},"what-setpop-does",[15,107608,107486],{},[20,107610,107611,2475],{},[15,107612,107486],{},[30,107614,107615,107617,107620,107623],{},[33,107616,102427],{},[33,107618,107619],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107621,107622],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,107624,107625],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107627,95709,107628,817],{},[587,107629,95713],{"href":96884},[59,107631,285],{"id":284},[64,107633,107635],{"className":66,"code":107634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107636,107637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107640,15265],{"class":79},[73,107642,817],{"class":105},[73,107644,569],{"class":114},[73,107646,8233],{"class":105},[20,107648,12649],{},[30,107650,107651,107657,107662],{},[33,107652,107653,107654],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107655,107656],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,107658,107659,107660],{},"It takes ",[55,107661,28285],{},[33,107663,107664],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107666,714],{},[64,107668,107670],{"className":66,"code":107669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107671,107672,107704,107718,107722,107732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107673,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107675,12673],{"class":79},[73,107677,84],{"class":83},[73,107679,10083],{"class":105},[73,107681,384],{"class":87},[73,107683,12690],{"class":91},[73,107685,384],{"class":87},[73,107687,149],{"class":105},[73,107689,88],{"class":87},[73,107691,12707],{"class":91},[73,107693,384],{"class":87},[73,107695,149],{"class":105},[73,107697,88],{"class":87},[73,107699,17054],{"class":91},[73,107701,384],{"class":87},[73,107703,8901],{"class":105},[73,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107707,28135],{"class":79},[73,107709,84],{"class":83},[73,107711,12721],{"class":79},[73,107713,817],{"class":105},[73,107715,569],{"class":114},[73,107717,8233],{"class":105},[73,107719,107720],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107721,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107725,102],{"class":101},[73,107727,106],{"class":105},[73,107729,22910],{"class":114},[73,107731,854],{"class":105},[73,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,107735,102],{"class":101},[73,107737,106],{"class":105},[73,107739,17101],{"class":114},[73,107741,854],{"class":105},[59,107743,107745],{"id":107744},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107747,107748],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107750,1697],{},[30,107752,107753,107759,107762],{},[33,107754,107755,107756,107758],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107757,12359],{}," removes",[33,107760,107761],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,107763,107764,107765,107767],{},"You should not use ",[15,107766,12359],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107769,10053,107770,107772],{},[55,107771,806],{}," valid:",[64,107774,107776],{"className":66,"code":107775,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107777,107778,107810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107779,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107781,35609],{"class":79},[73,107783,84],{"class":83},[73,107785,10083],{"class":105},[73,107787,384],{"class":87},[73,107789,3666],{"class":91},[73,107791,384],{"class":87},[73,107793,149],{"class":105},[73,107795,88],{"class":87},[73,107797,3675],{"class":91},[73,107799,384],{"class":87},[73,107801,149],{"class":105},[73,107803,88],{"class":87},[73,107805,3684],{"class":91},[73,107807,384],{"class":87},[73,107809,8901],{"class":105},[73,107811,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107813,35661],{"class":79},[73,107815,817],{"class":105},[73,107817,569],{"class":114},[73,107819,106],{"class":105},[73,107821,384],{"class":87},[73,107823,3666],{"class":91},[73,107825,384],{"class":87},[73,107827,854],{"class":105},[20,107829,39026,107830,107832],{},[15,107831,107486],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107834,107835,107836,2468,107840,817],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[587,107837,107838],{"href":97594},[15,107839,102253],{},[587,107841,107843],{"href":107842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107844,102244],{},[59,107846,107848],{"id":107847},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107850,107851],{},"Here is a simple example:",[64,107853,107855],{"className":66,"code":107854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107856,107857,107891,107895,107911,107915,107934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107858,107859,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107887,107889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107860,107861],{"class":79},"animals ",[73,107863,84],{"class":83},[73,107865,10083],{"class":105},[73,107867,384],{"class":87},[73,107869,36418],{"class":91},[73,107871,384],{"class":87},[73,107873,149],{"class":105},[73,107875,88],{"class":87},[73,107877,57507],{"class":91},[73,107879,384],{"class":87},[73,107881,149],{"class":105},[73,107883,88],{"class":87},[73,107885,107886],{"class":91},"rabbit",[73,107888,384],{"class":87},[73,107890,8901],{"class":105},[73,107892,107893],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107894,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107896,107897,107900,107902,107905,107907,107909],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,107898,107899],{"class":79},"removed_animal ",[73,107901,84],{"class":83},[73,107903,107904],{"class":79}," animals",[73,107906,817],{"class":105},[73,107908,569],{"class":114},[73,107910,8233],{"class":105},[73,107912,107913],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,107914,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,107916,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107932],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,107918,102],{"class":101},[73,107920,106],{"class":105},[73,107922,384],{"class":87},[73,107924,28553],{"class":91},[73,107926,384],{"class":87},[73,107928,149],{"class":105},[73,107930,107931],{"class":114}," removed_animal",[73,107933,854],{"class":105},[73,107935,107936,107938,107940,107942,107945,107947,107949,107951],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,107937,102],{"class":101},[73,107939,106],{"class":105},[73,107941,384],{"class":87},[73,107943,107944],{"class":91},"Updated set:",[73,107946,384],{"class":87},[73,107948,149],{"class":105},[73,107950,107904],{"class":114},[73,107952,854],{"class":105},[20,107954,29627],{},[64,107956,107958],{"className":66,"code":107957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107959,107960,107969],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107961,107962,107964,107966],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107963,28595],{"class":79},[73,107965,2475],{"class":105},[73,107967,107968],{"class":79}," dog\n",[73,107970,107971,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,107972,107973],{"class":79},"Updated ",[73,107975,5875],{"class":1270},[73,107977,2475],{"class":105},[73,107979,10083],{"class":105},[73,107981,141],{"class":87},[73,107983,36418],{"class":91},[73,107985,141],{"class":87},[73,107987,149],{"class":105},[73,107989,152],{"class":87},[73,107991,107886],{"class":91},[73,107993,141],{"class":87},[73,107995,8901],{"class":105},[20,107997,107998],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[59,108000,108002],{"id":108001},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108004,29247,108005,108007,108008,817],{},[15,108006,12359],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108009,19286],{},[20,108011,714],{},[64,108013,108015],{"className":66,"code":108014,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108016,108017,108027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108018,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108020,7369],{"class":79},[73,108022,84],{"class":83},[73,108024,15232],{"class":1270},[73,108026,8233],{"class":105},[73,108028,108029,108031,108033,108035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108030,7400],{"class":79},[73,108032,817],{"class":105},[73,108034,569],{"class":114},[73,108036,8233],{"class":105},[20,108038,108039],{},"This raises:",[64,108041,108043],{"className":66,"code":108042,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108044,108045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108046,108047,108049,108051,108053,108056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108048,19286],{"class":1270},[73,108050,2475],{"class":105},[73,108052,152],{"class":87},[73,108054,108055],{"class":91},"pop from an empty set",[73,108057,29297],{"class":87},[20,108059,108060,108061,108064],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[587,108062,108063],{"href":10667},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[292,108066,108068,108069],{"id":108067},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108070,12359],{},[20,108072,108073],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[64,108075,108077],{"className":66,"code":108076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108078,108079,108089,108093,108101,108116,108135,108141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108080,108081,108083,108085,108087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108082,7369],{"class":79},[73,108084,84],{"class":83},[73,108086,15232],{"class":1270},[73,108088,8233],{"class":105},[73,108090,108091],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108092,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,108094,108095,108097,108099],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108096,6588],{"class":646},[73,108098,5553],{"class":79},[73,108100,5982],{"class":105},[73,108102,108103,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,108104,108105],{"class":79},"    removed ",[73,108107,84],{"class":83},[73,108109,5553],{"class":79},[73,108111,817],{"class":105},[73,108113,569],{"class":114},[73,108115,8233],{"class":105},[73,108117,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108133],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,108119,7659],{"class":101},[73,108121,106],{"class":105},[73,108123,384],{"class":87},[73,108125,28553],{"class":91},[73,108127,384],{"class":87},[73,108129,149],{"class":105},[73,108131,108132],{"class":114}," removed",[73,108134,854],{"class":105},[73,108136,108137,108139],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,108138,27030],{"class":646},[73,108140,5982],{"class":105},[73,108142,108143,108145,108147,108149,108152,108154],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,108144,7659],{"class":101},[73,108146,106],{"class":105},[73,108148,384],{"class":87},[73,108150,108151],{"class":91},"The set is empty.",[73,108153,384],{"class":87},[73,108155,854],{"class":105},[292,108157,121,108159,355,108161],{"id":108158},"use-try-and-except",[15,108160,29401],{},[15,108162,29432],{},[20,108164,108165],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[64,108167,108169],{"className":66,"code":108168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108170,108171,108181,108185,108191,108205,108223,108231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108172,108173,108175,108177,108179],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108174,7369],{"class":79},[73,108176,84],{"class":83},[73,108178,15232],{"class":1270},[73,108180,8233],{"class":105},[73,108182,108183],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108184,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,108186,108187,108189],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108188,29401],{"class":646},[73,108190,5982],{"class":105},[73,108192,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,108194,108105],{"class":79},[73,108196,84],{"class":83},[73,108198,5553],{"class":79},[73,108200,817],{"class":105},[73,108202,569],{"class":114},[73,108204,8233],{"class":105},[73,108206,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,108208,7659],{"class":101},[73,108210,106],{"class":105},[73,108212,384],{"class":87},[73,108214,28553],{"class":91},[73,108216,384],{"class":87},[73,108218,149],{"class":105},[73,108220,108132],{"class":114},[73,108222,854],{"class":105},[73,108224,108225,108227,108229],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,108226,29432],{"class":646},[73,108228,29435],{"class":1270},[73,108230,5982],{"class":105},[73,108232,108233,108235,108237,108239,108242,108244],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,108234,7659],{"class":101},[73,108236,106],{"class":105},[73,108238,384],{"class":87},[73,108240,108241],{"class":91},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[73,108243,384],{"class":87},[73,108245,854],{"class":105},[59,108247,4551,108249,1011,108251,1011,108253],{"id":108248},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108250,12359],{},[15,108252,54908],{},[15,108254,102239],{},[20,108256,108257],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[292,108259,121,108261],{"id":108260},"use-pop",[15,108262,12359],{},[20,108264,121,108265,10193],{},[15,108266,12359],{},[30,108268,108269,108275,108278],{},[33,108270,108271,108272],{},"You want to remove ",[55,108273,108274],{},"any one item",[33,108276,108277],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108279,108280],{},"You want the removed item returned",[64,108282,108284],{"className":66,"code":108283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108285,108286,108306,108320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108287,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302,108304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108289,523],{"class":79},[73,108291,84],{"class":83},[73,108293,10083],{"class":105},[73,108295,404],{"class":315},[73,108297,149],{"class":105},[73,108299,409],{"class":315},[73,108301,149],{"class":105},[73,108303,414],{"class":315},[73,108305,8901],{"class":105},[73,108307,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316,108318],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108309,2037],{"class":79},[73,108311,84],{"class":83},[73,108313,3851],{"class":79},[73,108315,817],{"class":105},[73,108317,569],{"class":114},[73,108319,8233],{"class":105},[73,108321,108322,108324,108326,108328],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108323,102],{"class":101},[73,108325,106],{"class":105},[73,108327,2063],{"class":114},[73,108329,854],{"class":105},[292,108331,121,108333],{"id":108332},"use-remove",[15,108334,54908],{},[20,108336,121,108337,10193],{},[15,108338,54908],{},[30,108340,108341,108347],{},[33,108342,108343,108344],{},"You want to delete a ",[55,108345,108346],{},"specific item",[33,108348,108349],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[64,108351,108353],{"className":66,"code":108352,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108354,108355,108375,108389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108356,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108358,523],{"class":79},[73,108360,84],{"class":83},[73,108362,10083],{"class":105},[73,108364,404],{"class":315},[73,108366,149],{"class":105},[73,108368,409],{"class":315},[73,108370,149],{"class":105},[73,108372,414],{"class":315},[73,108374,8901],{"class":105},[73,108376,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108378,553],{"class":79},[73,108380,817],{"class":105},[73,108382,574],{"class":114},[73,108384,106],{"class":105},[73,108386,1646],{"class":315},[73,108388,854],{"class":105},[73,108390,108391,108393,108395,108397],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108392,102],{"class":101},[73,108394,106],{"class":105},[73,108396,553],{"class":114},[73,108398,854],{"class":105},[20,108400,108401,108402,108404,108405,108409],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108403,54908],{}," raises an error. See the ",[587,108406,108407,10333],{"href":97594},[15,108408,102253],{}," for details.",[292,108411,121,108413],{"id":108412},"use-discard",[15,108414,102239],{},[20,108416,121,108417,10193],{},[15,108418,102239],{},[30,108420,108421,108425],{},[33,108422,108343,108423],{},[55,108424,108346],{},[33,108426,108427,108428,108430],{},"You do ",[55,108429,806],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[64,108432,108434],{"className":66,"code":108433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108435,108436,108456,108470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108437,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108439,523],{"class":79},[73,108441,84],{"class":83},[73,108443,10083],{"class":105},[73,108445,404],{"class":315},[73,108447,149],{"class":105},[73,108449,409],{"class":315},[73,108451,149],{"class":105},[73,108453,414],{"class":315},[73,108455,8901],{"class":105},[73,108457,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466,108468],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108459,553],{"class":79},[73,108461,817],{"class":105},[73,108463,102306],{"class":114},[73,108465,106],{"class":105},[73,108467,1727],{"class":315},[73,108469,854],{"class":105},[73,108471,108472,108474,108476,108478],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108473,102],{"class":101},[73,108475,106],{"class":105},[73,108477,553],{"class":114},[73,108479,854],{"class":105},[20,108481,108482,108483,108485,108486,108490],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108484,1727],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[587,108487,108488,10333],{"href":107842},[15,108489,102244],{}," for more examples.",[59,108492,1207],{"id":1206},[20,108494,70862,108495,2475],{},[15,108496,107486],{},[30,108498,108499,108505,108510,108515],{},[33,108500,108501,108502],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108503,108504],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108506,8044,108507,108509],{},[15,108508,12359],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108511,29247,108512,108514],{},[15,108513,12359],{}," on an empty set",[33,108516,438,108517,108519],{},[15,108518,12359],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108521,61676],{},[64,108523,108525],{"className":66,"code":108524,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108526,108527,108537,108551,108565],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108528,108529,108531,108533,108535],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108530,102],{"class":101},[73,108532,106],{"class":105},[73,108534,15265],{"class":114},[73,108536,854],{"class":105},[73,108538,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547,108549],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108540,102],{"class":101},[73,108542,106],{"class":105},[73,108544,10755],{"class":101},[73,108546,106],{"class":105},[73,108548,15265],{"class":114},[73,108550,118],{"class":105},[73,108552,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108554,102],{"class":101},[73,108556,106],{"class":105},[73,108558,1271],{"class":1270},[73,108560,106],{"class":105},[73,108562,15265],{"class":114},[73,108564,118],{"class":105},[73,108566,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,108568,28135],{"class":79},[73,108570,84],{"class":83},[73,108572,96309],{"class":79},[73,108574,817],{"class":105},[73,108576,569],{"class":114},[73,108578,8233],{"class":105},[20,108580,25605],{},[30,108582,108583,108586,108589,108592],{},[33,108584,108585],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108587,108588],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108590,108591],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108593,108594],{},"What value was actually removed",[59,108596,1405],{"id":1404},[292,108598,12300,108600,108602],{"id":108599},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108601,107486],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108604,108605,108606,108608],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108607,12359],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[292,108610,108612,108613,1424],{"id":108611},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108614,107486],{},[20,108616,108617,108618,108620,108621,108623],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108619,12359],{},", set ",[15,108622,12359],{}," does not accept an index.",[292,108625,108627],{"id":108626},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108629,71031,108630,44005,108632,108634],{},[15,108631,19286],{},[15,108633,12359],{}," is called on an empty set.",[292,108636,108638],{"id":108637},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108640,121,108641,2468,108643,10685,108645,817],{},[15,108642,54908],{},[15,108644,102239],{},[15,108646,12359],{},[59,108648,1461],{"id":1460},[30,108650,108651,108655,108661,108667,108671],{},[33,108652,108653],{},[587,108654,95713],{"href":96884},[33,108656,108657],{},[587,108658,96199,108659,10333],{"href":97594},[15,108660,54908],{},[33,108662,108663],{},[587,108664,96199,108665,10333],{"href":107842},[15,108666,102239],{},[33,108668,108669],{},[587,108670,10856],{"href":10667},[33,108672,108673],{},[587,108674,54894],{"href":54446},[1500,108676,108677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":108679},[108680,108681,108683,108684,108685,108686,108692,108701,108702,108710],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":107606,"depth":98,"text":108682},"What set.pop() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":107744,"depth":98,"text":107745},{"id":107847,"depth":98,"text":107848},{"id":108001,"depth":98,"text":108002,"children":108687},[108688,108690],{"id":108067,"depth":332,"text":108689},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108158,"depth":332,"text":108691},"Use try and except",{"id":108248,"depth":98,"text":108693,"children":108694},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108695,108697,108699],{"id":108260,"depth":332,"text":108696},"Use pop()",{"id":108332,"depth":332,"text":108698},"Use remove()",{"id":108412,"depth":332,"text":108700},"Use discard()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":108703},[108704,108706,108708,108709],{"id":108599,"depth":332,"text":108705},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108611,"depth":332,"text":108707},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108626,"depth":332,"text":108627},{"id":108637,"depth":332,"text":108638},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107474,"description":108711},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108718,"title":108719,"body":108720,"description":109874,"extension":1552,"meta":109875,"navigation":335,"path":109876,"seo":109877,"stem":109878,"__hash__":109879},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108721,"toc":109842},[108722,108727,108732,108741,108743,108808,108812,108836,108843,108848,108852,108867,108870,108872,108891,108905,108908,108956,108960,108976,108978,109051,109055,109080,109086,109094,109098,109105,109160,109165,109182,109188,109194,109199,109207,109214,109218,109226,109281,109283,109300,109304,109311,109376,109380,109413,109415,109427,109434,109436,109441,109448,109450,109519,109523,109531,109533,109597,109601,109606,109653,109658,109726,109734,109741,109744,109750,109755,109759,109761,109764,109766,109771,109776,109782,109787,109794,109802,109808,109811,109813,109839],[10,108723,95585,108725,10916],{"id":108724},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108726,54908],{},[20,108728,108729,108731],{},[15,108730,102253],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108733,108734,108735,108738,108739,817],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[55,108736,108737],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108740,19286],{},[59,108742,62],{"id":61},[64,108744,108746],{"className":66,"code":108745,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108747,108748,108780,108798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108749,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770,108772,108774,108776,108778],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108751,12673],{"class":79},[73,108753,84],{"class":83},[73,108755,10083],{"class":105},[73,108757,384],{"class":87},[73,108759,12690],{"class":91},[73,108761,384],{"class":87},[73,108763,149],{"class":105},[73,108765,88],{"class":87},[73,108767,12707],{"class":91},[73,108769,384],{"class":87},[73,108771,149],{"class":105},[73,108773,88],{"class":87},[73,108775,17054],{"class":91},[73,108777,384],{"class":87},[73,108779,8901],{"class":105},[73,108781,108782,108784,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794,108796],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108783,17101],{"class":79},[73,108785,817],{"class":105},[73,108787,574],{"class":114},[73,108789,106],{"class":105},[73,108791,384],{"class":87},[73,108793,12707],{"class":91},[73,108795,384],{"class":87},[73,108797,854],{"class":105},[73,108799,108800,108802,108804,108806],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108801,102],{"class":101},[73,108803,106],{"class":105},[73,108805,17101],{"class":114},[73,108807,854],{"class":105},[20,108809,108810],{},[55,108811,29627],{},[64,108813,108814],{"className":66,"code":102933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,108815,108816],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108817,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108819,8870],{"class":105},[73,108821,141],{"class":87},[73,108823,12690],{"class":91},[73,108825,141],{"class":87},[73,108827,149],{"class":105},[73,108829,152],{"class":87},[73,108831,17054],{"class":91},[73,108833,141],{"class":87},[73,108835,8901],{"class":105},[20,108837,121,108838,108840,108841,817],{},[15,108839,54908],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108842,19286],{},[59,108844,236,108846,239],{"id":108845},"what-setremove-does",[15,108847,102253],{},[20,108849,108850,2475],{},[15,108851,102253],{},[30,108853,108854,108857,108859,108861],{},[33,108855,108856],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,108858,95700],{},[33,108860,95703],{},[33,108862,108863,108864,108866],{},"Raises ",[15,108865,19286],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108868,108869],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[59,108871,285],{"id":284},[64,108873,108875],{"className":66,"code":108874,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108876,108877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108878,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108880,15265],{"class":79},[73,108882,817],{"class":105},[73,108884,574],{"class":114},[73,108886,106],{"class":105},[73,108888,2063],{"class":114},[73,108890,854],{"class":105},[30,108892,108893,108897,108902],{},[33,108894,108895,102475],{},[15,108896,15265],{},[33,108898,108899,108901],{},[15,108900,2063],{}," is the item to remove",[33,108903,108904],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108906,108907],{},"Here is a small example:",[64,108909,108910],{"className":66,"code":108352,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,108911,108912,108932,108946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108913,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108915,523],{"class":79},[73,108917,84],{"class":83},[73,108919,10083],{"class":105},[73,108921,404],{"class":315},[73,108923,149],{"class":105},[73,108925,409],{"class":315},[73,108927,149],{"class":105},[73,108929,414],{"class":315},[73,108931,8901],{"class":105},[73,108933,108934,108936,108938,108940,108942,108944],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,108935,553],{"class":79},[73,108937,817],{"class":105},[73,108939,574],{"class":114},[73,108941,106],{"class":105},[73,108943,1646],{"class":315},[73,108945,854],{"class":105},[73,108947,108948,108950,108952,108954],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,108949,102],{"class":101},[73,108951,106],{"class":105},[73,108953,553],{"class":114},[73,108955,854],{"class":105},[20,108957,108958],{},[55,108959,29627],{},[64,108961,108962],{"className":66,"code":100683,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,108963,108964],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108965,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108967,8870],{"class":105},[73,108969,404],{"class":315},[73,108971,149],{"class":105},[73,108973,414],{"class":315},[73,108975,8901],{"class":105},[59,108977,11069],{"id":11068},[64,108979,108981],{"className":66,"code":108980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108982,108983,109015,109019,109037,109041],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108984,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108986,35609],{"class":79},[73,108988,84],{"class":83},[73,108990,10083],{"class":105},[73,108992,384],{"class":87},[73,108994,3666],{"class":91},[73,108996,384],{"class":87},[73,108998,149],{"class":105},[73,109000,88],{"class":87},[73,109002,3675],{"class":91},[73,109004,384],{"class":87},[73,109006,149],{"class":105},[73,109008,88],{"class":87},[73,109010,32818],{"class":91},[73,109012,384],{"class":87},[73,109014,8901],{"class":105},[73,109016,109017],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109018,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,109020,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109022,35661],{"class":79},[73,109024,817],{"class":105},[73,109026,574],{"class":114},[73,109028,106],{"class":105},[73,109030,384],{"class":87},[73,109032,3675],{"class":91},[73,109034,384],{"class":87},[73,109036,854],{"class":105},[73,109038,109039],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,109040,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,109042,109043,109045,109047,109049],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,109044,102],{"class":101},[73,109046,106],{"class":105},[73,109048,35661],{"class":114},[73,109050,854],{"class":105},[20,109052,109053],{},[55,109054,29627],{},[64,109056,109058],{"className":66,"code":109057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109059,109060],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109061,109062,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109063,8870],{"class":105},[73,109065,141],{"class":87},[73,109067,3666],{"class":91},[73,109069,141],{"class":87},[73,109071,149],{"class":105},[73,109073,152],{"class":87},[73,109075,32818],{"class":91},[73,109077,141],{"class":87},[73,109079,8901],{"class":105},[20,109081,109082,109083,109085],{},"This removes ",[15,109084,64656],{}," from the set.",[20,109087,109088,109089,109091,109092,817],{},"A set does ",[55,109090,806],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[587,109093,95717],{"href":97268},[59,109095,109097],{"id":109096},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109099,109100,109101,51873,109103,817],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109102,54908],{},[15,109104,19286],{},[64,109106,109108],{"className":66,"code":109107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109109,109110,109142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109111,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109113,12673],{"class":79},[73,109115,84],{"class":83},[73,109117,10083],{"class":105},[73,109119,384],{"class":87},[73,109121,12690],{"class":91},[73,109123,384],{"class":87},[73,109125,149],{"class":105},[73,109127,88],{"class":87},[73,109129,12707],{"class":91},[73,109131,384],{"class":87},[73,109133,149],{"class":105},[73,109135,88],{"class":87},[73,109137,17054],{"class":91},[73,109139,384],{"class":87},[73,109141,8901],{"class":105},[73,109143,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109145,17101],{"class":79},[73,109147,817],{"class":105},[73,109149,574],{"class":114},[73,109151,106],{"class":105},[73,109153,384],{"class":87},[73,109155,22123],{"class":91},[73,109157,384],{"class":87},[73,109159,854],{"class":105},[20,109161,109162],{},[55,109163,109164],{},"Result:",[64,109166,109168],{"className":66,"code":109167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109169,109170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109171,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109173,19286],{"class":1270},[73,109175,2475],{"class":105},[73,109177,152],{"class":87},[73,109179,22123],{"class":91},[73,109181,29297],{"class":87},[20,109183,21788,109184,109187],{},[15,109185,109186],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109189,109190,109191,109193],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109192,54908],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109195,109196,109197,817],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[587,109198,10856],{"href":10667},[59,109200,3786,109202,109204,109205],{"id":109201},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109203,54908],{}," is different from ",[15,109206,102239],{},[20,109208,109209,355,109211,109213],{},[15,109210,54908],{},[15,109212,102239],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[292,109215,109216],{"id":574},[15,109217,54908],{},[30,109219,109220,109223],{},[33,109221,109222],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109224,109225],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[64,109227,109229],{"className":66,"code":109228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109230,109231,109263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109232,109233,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109234,35460],{"class":79},[73,109236,84],{"class":83},[73,109238,10083],{"class":105},[73,109240,384],{"class":87},[73,109242,587],{"class":91},[73,109244,384],{"class":87},[73,109246,149],{"class":105},[73,109248,88],{"class":87},[73,109250,4350],{"class":91},[73,109252,384],{"class":87},[73,109254,149],{"class":105},[73,109256,88],{"class":87},[73,109258,9332],{"class":91},[73,109260,384],{"class":87},[73,109262,8901],{"class":105},[73,109264,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109266,35513],{"class":79},[73,109268,817],{"class":105},[73,109270,574],{"class":114},[73,109272,106],{"class":105},[73,109274,384],{"class":87},[73,109276,18366],{"class":91},[73,109278,384],{"class":87},[73,109280,854],{"class":105},[20,109282,108039],{},[64,109284,109286],{"className":66,"code":109285,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109287,109288],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109289,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109291,19286],{"class":1270},[73,109293,2475],{"class":105},[73,109295,152],{"class":87},[73,109297,18366],{"class":91},[73,109299,29297],{"class":87},[292,109301,109302],{"id":102306},[15,109303,102239],{},[30,109305,109306,109308],{},[33,109307,109222],{},[33,109309,109310],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[64,109312,109314],{"className":66,"code":109313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109315,109316,109348,109366],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109319,35460],{"class":79},[73,109321,84],{"class":83},[73,109323,10083],{"class":105},[73,109325,384],{"class":87},[73,109327,587],{"class":91},[73,109329,384],{"class":87},[73,109331,149],{"class":105},[73,109333,88],{"class":87},[73,109335,4350],{"class":91},[73,109337,384],{"class":87},[73,109339,149],{"class":105},[73,109341,88],{"class":87},[73,109343,9332],{"class":91},[73,109345,384],{"class":87},[73,109347,8901],{"class":105},[73,109349,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109351,35513],{"class":79},[73,109353,817],{"class":105},[73,109355,102306],{"class":114},[73,109357,106],{"class":105},[73,109359,384],{"class":87},[73,109361,18366],{"class":91},[73,109363,384],{"class":87},[73,109365,854],{"class":105},[73,109367,109368,109370,109372,109374],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109369,102],{"class":101},[73,109371,106],{"class":105},[73,109373,35513],{"class":114},[73,109375,854],{"class":105},[20,109377,109378],{},[55,109379,1660],{},[64,109381,109383],{"className":66,"code":109382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109384,109385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109386,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109388,8870],{"class":105},[73,109390,141],{"class":87},[73,109392,587],{"class":91},[73,109394,141],{"class":87},[73,109396,149],{"class":105},[73,109398,152],{"class":87},[73,109400,4350],{"class":91},[73,109402,141],{"class":87},[73,109404,149],{"class":105},[73,109406,152],{"class":87},[73,109408,9332],{"class":91},[73,109410,141],{"class":87},[73,109412,8901],{"class":105},[20,109414,18293],{},[30,109416,109417,109422],{},[33,109418,109419,109421],{},[15,109420,54908],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109423,109424,109426],{},[15,109425,102239],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109428,109429,109430,817],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[587,109431,96199,109432,10333],{"href":107842},[15,109433,102239],{},[59,109435,4107],{"id":4106},[292,109437,8044,109439,96579],{"id":109438},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109440,54908],{},[20,109442,109443,109445,109446,817],{},[15,109444,54908],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109447,3364],{},[20,109449,16242],{},[64,109451,109453],{"className":66,"code":109452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109454,109455,109487,109509],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109458,12673],{"class":79},[73,109460,84],{"class":83},[73,109462,10083],{"class":105},[73,109464,384],{"class":87},[73,109466,12690],{"class":91},[73,109468,384],{"class":87},[73,109470,149],{"class":105},[73,109472,88],{"class":87},[73,109474,12707],{"class":91},[73,109476,384],{"class":87},[73,109478,149],{"class":105},[73,109480,88],{"class":87},[73,109482,17054],{"class":91},[73,109484,384],{"class":87},[73,109486,8901],{"class":105},[73,109488,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109490,12716],{"class":79},[73,109492,84],{"class":83},[73,109494,12721],{"class":79},[73,109496,817],{"class":105},[73,109498,574],{"class":114},[73,109500,106],{"class":105},[73,109502,384],{"class":87},[73,109504,12707],{"class":91},[73,109506,384],{"class":87},[73,109508,854],{"class":105},[73,109510,109511,109513,109515,109517],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109512,102],{"class":101},[73,109514,106],{"class":105},[73,109516,12740],{"class":114},[73,109518,854],{"class":105},[20,109520,109521],{},[55,109522,1660],{},[64,109524,109525],{"className":66,"code":11403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,109526,109527],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109528,109529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109530,11403],{"class":3438},[20,109532,16254],{},[64,109534,109535],{"className":66,"code":108745,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,109536,109537,109569,109587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109538,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109540,12673],{"class":79},[73,109542,84],{"class":83},[73,109544,10083],{"class":105},[73,109546,384],{"class":87},[73,109548,12690],{"class":91},[73,109550,384],{"class":87},[73,109552,149],{"class":105},[73,109554,88],{"class":87},[73,109556,12707],{"class":91},[73,109558,384],{"class":87},[73,109560,149],{"class":105},[73,109562,88],{"class":87},[73,109564,17054],{"class":91},[73,109566,384],{"class":87},[73,109568,8901],{"class":105},[73,109570,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109572,17101],{"class":79},[73,109574,817],{"class":105},[73,109576,574],{"class":114},[73,109578,106],{"class":105},[73,109580,384],{"class":87},[73,109582,12707],{"class":91},[73,109584,384],{"class":87},[73,109586,854],{"class":105},[73,109588,109589,109591,109593,109595],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109590,102],{"class":101},[73,109592,106],{"class":105},[73,109594,17101],{"class":114},[73,109596,854],{"class":105},[292,109598,109600],{"id":109599},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109602,109603,109604,817],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109605,19286],{},[64,109607,109609],{"className":66,"code":109608,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109610,109611,109635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109612,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109614,12673],{"class":79},[73,109616,84],{"class":83},[73,109618,10083],{"class":105},[73,109620,384],{"class":87},[73,109622,12690],{"class":91},[73,109624,384],{"class":87},[73,109626,149],{"class":105},[73,109628,88],{"class":87},[73,109630,12707],{"class":91},[73,109632,384],{"class":87},[73,109634,8901],{"class":105},[73,109636,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109638,17101],{"class":79},[73,109640,817],{"class":105},[73,109642,574],{"class":114},[73,109644,106],{"class":105},[73,109646,384],{"class":87},[73,109648,17054],{"class":91},[73,109650,384],{"class":87},[73,109652,854],{"class":105},[20,109654,109655,109656,2475],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109657,3469],{},[64,109659,109661],{"className":66,"code":109660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109662,109663,109687,109691,109707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109664,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109666,12673],{"class":79},[73,109668,84],{"class":83},[73,109670,10083],{"class":105},[73,109672,384],{"class":87},[73,109674,12690],{"class":91},[73,109676,384],{"class":87},[73,109678,149],{"class":105},[73,109680,88],{"class":87},[73,109682,12707],{"class":91},[73,109684,384],{"class":87},[73,109686,8901],{"class":105},[73,109688,109689],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109690,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,109692,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109694,6588],{"class":646},[73,109696,88],{"class":87},[73,109698,17054],{"class":91},[73,109700,384],{"class":87},[73,109702,20773],{"class":83},[73,109704,12721],{"class":79},[73,109706,5982],{"class":105},[73,109708,109709,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,109710,109711],{"class":79},"    colors",[73,109713,817],{"class":105},[73,109715,574],{"class":114},[73,109717,106],{"class":105},[73,109719,384],{"class":87},[73,109721,17054],{"class":91},[73,109723,384],{"class":87},[73,109725,854],{"class":105},[20,109727,109728,109729,109733],{},"Or use ",[587,109730,109731],{"href":107842},[15,109732,102239],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[292,109735,36575,109737,8295,109739],{"id":109736},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109738,102253],{},[15,109740,54454],{},[20,109742,109743],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109745,109746,109747,109749],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109748,102253],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109751,109752,109753,817],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[587,109754,98463],{"href":98462},[292,109756,109758],{"id":109757},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109760,107748],{},[20,109762,109763],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[59,109765,1405],{"id":1404},[292,109767,12300,109769,96678],{"id":109768},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109770,102253],{},[20,109772,109773,109774,817],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109775,3364],{},[292,109777,29885,109779,109781],{"id":109778},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109780,102253],{}," raise?",[20,109783,29891,109784,109786],{},[15,109785,19286],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[292,109788,21020,109790,2468,109792,1424],{"id":109789},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109791,54908],{},[15,109793,102239],{},[20,109795,121,109796,109798,109799,109801],{},[15,109797,54908],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109800,102239],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[292,109803,1446,109805,109807],{"id":109804},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109806,102253],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109809,109810],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[59,109812,1461],{"id":1460},[30,109814,109815,109821,109827,109831,109835],{},[33,109816,109817],{},[587,109818,96199,109819,10333],{"href":107842},[15,109820,102239],{},[33,109822,109823],{},[587,109824,96199,109825,10333],{"href":97599},[15,109826,12359],{},[33,109828,109829],{},[587,109830,96723],{"href":97268},[33,109832,109833],{},[587,109834,99729],{"href":98462},[33,109836,109837],{},[587,109838,10856],{"href":10667},[1500,109840,109841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":109843},[109844,109845,109847,109848,109849,109850,109855,109863,109873],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":108845,"depth":98,"text":109846},"What set.remove() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":109096,"depth":98,"text":109097},{"id":109201,"depth":98,"text":109851,"children":109852},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109853,109854],{"id":574,"depth":332,"text":54908},{"id":102306,"depth":332,"text":102239},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":109856},[109857,109859,109860,109862],{"id":109438,"depth":332,"text":109858},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109599,"depth":332,"text":109600},{"id":109736,"depth":332,"text":109861},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109757,"depth":332,"text":109758},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":109864},[109865,109867,109869,109871],{"id":109768,"depth":332,"text":109866},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109778,"depth":332,"text":109868},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109789,"depth":332,"text":109870},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109804,"depth":332,"text":109872},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108719,"description":109874},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109881,"title":109882,"body":109883,"description":111256,"extension":1552,"meta":111257,"navigation":335,"path":111258,"seo":111259,"stem":111260,"__hash__":111261},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109884,"toc":111231},[109885,109891,109897,109900,109903,109917,109919,110000,110003,110008,110012,110026,110033,110035,110054,110057,110075,110077,110157,110159,110184,110188,110191,110199,110204,110209,110211,110224,110229,110232,110256,110259,110267,110269,110272,110369,110371,110404,110406,110432,110439,110442,110446,110454,110458,110466,110468,110558,110560,110574,110581,110586,110591,110593,110684,110686,110698,110700,110714,110720,110728,110730,110812,110814,110859,110862,110870,110873,110875,110879,110922,110924,110944,110949,110951,111036,111038,111043,111045,111052,111060,111066,111069,111071,111157,111159,111183,111187,111190,111192,111219,111229],[10,109886,95585,109888,10916],{"id":109887},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109889,109890],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109892,109893,109896],{},[15,109894,109895],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109898,109899],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109901,109902],{},"Use it when:",[30,109904,109905,109908,109914],{},[33,109906,109907],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,109909,109910,109911,109913],{},"you do ",[55,109912,806],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,109915,109916],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[59,109918,3195],{"id":3194},[64,109920,109922],{"className":66,"code":109921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109923,109924,109944,109964,109968,109987],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109925,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109927,2145],{"class":79},[73,109929,84],{"class":83},[73,109931,10083],{"class":105},[73,109933,404],{"class":315},[73,109935,149],{"class":105},[73,109937,409],{"class":315},[73,109939,149],{"class":105},[73,109941,414],{"class":315},[73,109943,8901],{"class":105},[73,109945,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,109947,2173],{"class":79},[73,109949,84],{"class":83},[73,109951,10083],{"class":105},[73,109953,1652],{"class":315},[73,109955,149],{"class":105},[73,109957,2047],{"class":315},[73,109959,149],{"class":105},[73,109961,4194],{"class":315},[73,109963,8901],{"class":105},[73,109965,109966],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,109967,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,109969,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109981,109983,109985],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,109971,1819],{"class":79},[73,109973,84],{"class":83},[73,109975,56267],{"class":79},[73,109977,817],{"class":105},[73,109979,109980],{"class":114},"symmetric_difference",[73,109982,106],{"class":105},[73,109984,4350],{"class":114},[73,109986,854],{"class":105},[73,109988,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,109990,102],{"class":101},[73,109992,106],{"class":105},[73,109994,1854],{"class":114},[73,109996,3246],{"class":105},[73,109998,109999],{"class":3249},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110001,110002],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[59,110004,236,110006,239],{"id":110005},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110007,109890],{},[20,110009,110010,2475],{},[15,110011,109895],{},[30,110013,110014,110017,110020,110023],{},[33,110015,110016],{},"returns a new set",[33,110018,110019],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110021,110022],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110024,110025],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110027,95709,110028,2468,110030,817],{},[587,110029,95713],{"href":95712},[587,110031,110032],{"href":95716},"creating a set in Python",[59,110034,285],{"id":284},[64,110036,110038],{"className":66,"code":110037,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110039,110040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110041,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110043,99970],{"class":79},[73,110045,817],{"class":105},[73,110047,109980],{"class":114},[73,110049,106],{"class":105},[73,110051,99979],{"class":114},[73,110053,854],{"class":105},[20,110055,110056],{},"Notes:",[30,110058,110059,110064,110069,110072],{},[33,110060,110061,110063],{},[15,110062,99970],{}," must be a set",[33,110065,110066,110068],{},[15,110067,99979],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110070,110071],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110073,110074],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110076,714],{},[64,110078,110080],{"className":66,"code":110079,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110081,110082,110103,110124,110128,110147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110083,110084,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110085,110086],{"class":79},"set1 ",[73,110088,84],{"class":83},[73,110090,10083],{"class":105},[73,110092,404],{"class":315},[73,110094,149],{"class":105},[73,110096,409],{"class":315},[73,110098,149],{"class":105},[73,110100,414],{"class":315},[73,110102,8901],{"class":105},[73,110104,110105,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110106,110107],{"class":79},"set2 ",[73,110109,84],{"class":83},[73,110111,10083],{"class":105},[73,110113,1652],{"class":315},[73,110115,149],{"class":105},[73,110117,2047],{"class":315},[73,110119,149],{"class":105},[73,110121,4194],{"class":315},[73,110123,8901],{"class":105},[73,110125,110126],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110127,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110129,110130,110132,110134,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110131,1819],{"class":79},[73,110133,84],{"class":83},[73,110135,110136],{"class":79}," set1",[73,110138,817],{"class":105},[73,110140,109980],{"class":114},[73,110142,106],{"class":105},[73,110144,99979],{"class":114},[73,110146,854],{"class":105},[73,110148,110149,110151,110153,110155],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,110150,102],{"class":101},[73,110152,106],{"class":105},[73,110154,1854],{"class":114},[73,110156,854],{"class":105},[20,110158,1660],{},[64,110160,110162],{"className":66,"code":110161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110163,110164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110165,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110167,8870],{"class":105},[73,110169,404],{"class":315},[73,110171,149],{"class":105},[73,110173,409],{"class":315},[73,110175,149],{"class":105},[73,110177,2047],{"class":315},[73,110179,149],{"class":105},[73,110181,4194],{"class":315},[73,110183,8901],{"class":105},[59,110185,110187],{"id":110186},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110189,110190],{},"The result includes:",[30,110192,110193,110196],{},[33,110194,110195],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110197,110198],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110200,110201,110202,10676],{},"The result does ",[55,110203,806],{},[30,110205,110206],{},[33,110207,110208],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110210,820],{},[30,110212,110213,110218],{},[33,110214,110215,110216],{},"first set: ",[15,110217,99667],{},[33,110219,110220,110221],{},"second set: ",[15,110222,110223],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110225,3636,110226,110228],{},[15,110227,1652],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110230,110231],{},"The output is:",[64,110233,110234],{"className":66,"code":110161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,110235,110236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110239,8870],{"class":105},[73,110241,404],{"class":315},[73,110243,149],{"class":105},[73,110245,409],{"class":315},[73,110247,149],{"class":105},[73,110249,2047],{"class":315},[73,110251,149],{"class":105},[73,110253,4194],{"class":315},[73,110255,8901],{"class":105},[20,110257,110258],{},"Also remember:",[30,110260,110261,110264],{},[33,110262,110263],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110265,110266],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[59,110268,11069],{"id":11068},[20,110270,110271],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[64,110273,110275],{"className":66,"code":110274,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110276,110277,110309,110333,110337,110355,110359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110278,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110280,106410],{"class":79},[73,110282,84],{"class":83},[73,110284,10083],{"class":105},[73,110286,384],{"class":87},[73,110288,12690],{"class":91},[73,110290,384],{"class":87},[73,110292,149],{"class":105},[73,110294,88],{"class":87},[73,110296,12707],{"class":91},[73,110298,384],{"class":87},[73,110300,149],{"class":105},[73,110302,88],{"class":87},[73,110304,17054],{"class":91},[73,110306,384],{"class":87},[73,110308,8901],{"class":105},[73,110310,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110312,106443],{"class":79},[73,110314,84],{"class":83},[73,110316,10083],{"class":105},[73,110318,384],{"class":87},[73,110320,17054],{"class":91},[73,110322,384],{"class":87},[73,110324,149],{"class":105},[73,110326,88],{"class":87},[73,110328,22123],{"class":91},[73,110330,384],{"class":87},[73,110332,8901],{"class":105},[73,110334,110335],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110336,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110338,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110340,1819],{"class":79},[73,110342,84],{"class":83},[73,110344,106485],{"class":79},[73,110346,817],{"class":105},[73,110348,109980],{"class":114},[73,110350,106],{"class":105},[73,110352,106494],{"class":114},[73,110354,854],{"class":105},[73,110356,110357],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,110358,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110360,110361,110363,110365,110367],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,110362,102],{"class":101},[73,110364,106],{"class":105},[73,110366,1854],{"class":114},[73,110368,854],{"class":105},[20,110370,1660],{},[64,110372,110374],{"className":66,"code":110373,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110375,110376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110377,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110379,8870],{"class":105},[73,110381,141],{"class":87},[73,110383,12690],{"class":91},[73,110385,141],{"class":87},[73,110387,149],{"class":105},[73,110389,152],{"class":87},[73,110391,12707],{"class":91},[73,110393,141],{"class":87},[73,110395,149],{"class":105},[73,110397,152],{"class":87},[73,110399,22123],{"class":91},[73,110401,141],{"class":87},[73,110403,8901],{"class":105},[20,110405,13007],{},[30,110407,110408,110413,110424],{},[33,110409,110410,110412],{},[15,110411,95878],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110414,110415,355,110417,110420,110421,110423],{},[15,110416,64774],{},[15,110418,110419],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110422,106547],{},", so they stay",[33,110425,110426,110428,110429,110431],{},[15,110427,109186],{}," is only in ",[15,110430,106494],{},", so it stays",[59,110433,110435,1011,110437],{"id":110434},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110436,109890],{},[15,110438,99799],{},[20,110440,110441],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110443,110444,2475],{},[15,110445,99799],{},[30,110447,110448,110451],{},[33,110449,110450],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110452,110453],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110455,110456,2475],{},[15,110457,109890],{},[30,110459,110460,110463],{},[33,110461,110462],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110464,110465],{},"removes shared items",[20,110467,714],{},[64,110469,110471],{"className":66,"code":110470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110472,110473,110493,110513,110517,110538],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110474,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110476,2145],{"class":79},[73,110478,84],{"class":83},[73,110480,10083],{"class":105},[73,110482,404],{"class":315},[73,110484,149],{"class":105},[73,110486,409],{"class":315},[73,110488,149],{"class":105},[73,110490,414],{"class":315},[73,110492,8901],{"class":105},[73,110494,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110496,2173],{"class":79},[73,110498,84],{"class":83},[73,110500,10083],{"class":105},[73,110502,1652],{"class":315},[73,110504,149],{"class":105},[73,110506,2047],{"class":315},[73,110508,149],{"class":105},[73,110510,4194],{"class":315},[73,110512,8901],{"class":105},[73,110514,110515],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110516,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110518,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110520,102],{"class":101},[73,110522,106],{"class":105},[73,110524,587],{"class":114},[73,110526,817],{"class":105},[73,110528,2402],{"class":114},[73,110530,106],{"class":105},[73,110532,4350],{"class":114},[73,110534,4948],{"class":105},[73,110536,110537],{"class":3249},"            # {1, 2}\n",[73,110539,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,110541,102],{"class":101},[73,110543,106],{"class":105},[73,110545,587],{"class":114},[73,110547,817],{"class":105},[73,110549,109980],{"class":114},[73,110551,106],{"class":105},[73,110553,4350],{"class":114},[73,110555,4948],{"class":105},[73,110557,109999],{"class":3249},[20,110559,18293],{},[30,110561,110562,110569],{},[33,110563,110564,110568],{},[587,110565,110566],{"href":102225},[15,110567,99799],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110570,110571,110573],{},[15,110572,109890],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[59,110575,110577,1011,110579],{"id":110576},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110578,109890],{},[15,110580,102184],{},[20,110582,110583,110585],{},[15,110584,102184],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110587,110588,110590],{},[15,110589,109890],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110592,714],{},[64,110594,110596],{"className":66,"code":110595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110597,110598,110618,110638,110642,110664],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110599,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110601,2145],{"class":79},[73,110603,84],{"class":83},[73,110605,10083],{"class":105},[73,110607,404],{"class":315},[73,110609,149],{"class":105},[73,110611,409],{"class":315},[73,110613,149],{"class":105},[73,110615,414],{"class":315},[73,110617,8901],{"class":105},[73,110619,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110621,2173],{"class":79},[73,110623,84],{"class":83},[73,110625,10083],{"class":105},[73,110627,1652],{"class":315},[73,110629,149],{"class":105},[73,110631,2047],{"class":315},[73,110633,149],{"class":105},[73,110635,4194],{"class":315},[73,110637,8901],{"class":105},[73,110639,110640],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110641,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110643,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110655,110657,110659,110661],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110645,102],{"class":101},[73,110647,106],{"class":105},[73,110649,587],{"class":114},[73,110651,817],{"class":105},[73,110653,110654],{"class":114},"union",[73,110656,106],{"class":105},[73,110658,4350],{"class":114},[73,110660,4948],{"class":105},[73,110662,110663],{"class":3249},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[73,110665,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,110667,102],{"class":101},[73,110669,106],{"class":105},[73,110671,587],{"class":114},[73,110673,817],{"class":105},[73,110675,109980],{"class":114},[73,110677,106],{"class":105},[73,110679,4350],{"class":114},[73,110681,4948],{"class":105},[73,110683,109999],{"class":3249},[20,110685,26817],{},[30,110687,110688,110693],{},[33,110689,110690,110692],{},[15,110691,102184],{}," includes everything",[33,110694,110695,110697],{},[15,110696,109890],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110699,18293],{},[30,110701,110702,110709],{},[33,110703,110704,110708],{},[587,110705,110706],{"href":107115},[15,110707,102184],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,110710,110711,110713],{},[15,110712,109890],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[59,110715,35983,110717,100983],{"id":110716},"using-the-operator",[15,110718,110719],{},"^",[20,110721,110722,110723,110725,110726,817],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110724,110719],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110727,109890],{},[20,110729,714],{},[64,110731,110733],{"className":66,"code":110732,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110734,110735,110755,110775,110779,110797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110736,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110738,110086],{"class":79},[73,110740,84],{"class":83},[73,110742,10083],{"class":105},[73,110744,404],{"class":315},[73,110746,149],{"class":105},[73,110748,409],{"class":315},[73,110750,149],{"class":105},[73,110752,414],{"class":315},[73,110754,8901],{"class":105},[73,110756,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110758,110107],{"class":79},[73,110760,84],{"class":83},[73,110762,10083],{"class":105},[73,110764,1652],{"class":315},[73,110766,149],{"class":105},[73,110768,2047],{"class":315},[73,110770,149],{"class":105},[73,110772,4194],{"class":315},[73,110774,8901],{"class":105},[73,110776,110777],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110778,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,110780,110781,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110782,102],{"class":101},[73,110784,106],{"class":105},[73,110786,99970],{"class":114},[73,110788,817],{"class":105},[73,110790,109980],{"class":114},[73,110792,106],{"class":105},[73,110794,99979],{"class":114},[73,110796,118],{"class":105},[73,110798,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110810],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,110800,102],{"class":101},[73,110802,106],{"class":105},[73,110804,110086],{"class":114},[73,110806,110719],{"class":83},[73,110808,110809],{"class":114}," set2",[73,110811,854],{"class":105},[20,110813,29627],{},[64,110815,110817],{"className":66,"code":110816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110818,110819,110839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110820,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110822,8870],{"class":105},[73,110824,404],{"class":315},[73,110826,149],{"class":105},[73,110828,409],{"class":315},[73,110830,149],{"class":105},[73,110832,2047],{"class":315},[73,110834,149],{"class":105},[73,110836,4194],{"class":315},[73,110838,8901],{"class":105},[73,110840,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110842,8870],{"class":105},[73,110844,404],{"class":315},[73,110846,149],{"class":105},[73,110848,409],{"class":315},[73,110850,149],{"class":105},[73,110852,2047],{"class":315},[73,110854,149],{"class":105},[73,110856,4194],{"class":315},[73,110858,8901],{"class":105},[20,110860,110861],{},"Both forms:",[30,110863,110864,110867],{},[33,110865,110866],{},"return a new set",[33,110868,110869],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110871,110872],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[59,110874,4107],{"id":4106},[20,110876,20811,110877,2475],{},[15,110878,109890],{},[30,110880,110881,110889,110899,110914],{},[33,110882,110883,110886,110888],{},[55,110884,110885],{},"Expecting sorted output",[1103,110887],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,110890,110891,110894,110896,110898],{},[55,110892,110893],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[1103,110895],{},[15,110897,109890],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,110900,110901,110906,110908,110910,110911,110913],{},[55,110902,110903,110904],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110905,99799],{},[1103,110907],{},[15,110909,99799],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110912,109890],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,110915,110916,110919,110921],{},[55,110917,110918],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[1103,110920],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110923,58242],{},[30,110925,110926,110935,110938,110941],{},[33,110927,49869,110928,44005,110930,110934],{},[15,110929,109890],{},[587,110931,110932],{"href":107115},[15,110933,102184],{}," is actually needed",[33,110936,110937],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,110939,110940],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,110942,110943],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110945,110946,110947,817],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[587,110948,98463],{"href":104728},[20,110950,61676],{},[64,110952,110954],{"className":66,"code":110953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110955,110956,110966,110976,110994,111008,111022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110957,110958,110960,110962,110964],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110959,102],{"class":101},[73,110961,106],{"class":105},[73,110963,99970],{"class":114},[73,110965,854],{"class":105},[73,110967,110968,110970,110972,110974],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,110969,102],{"class":101},[73,110971,106],{"class":105},[73,110973,99979],{"class":114},[73,110975,854],{"class":105},[73,110977,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,110979,102],{"class":101},[73,110981,106],{"class":105},[73,110983,99970],{"class":114},[73,110985,817],{"class":105},[73,110987,109980],{"class":114},[73,110989,106],{"class":105},[73,110991,99979],{"class":114},[73,110993,118],{"class":105},[73,110995,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,110997,102],{"class":101},[73,110999,106],{"class":105},[73,111001,110086],{"class":114},[73,111003,110719],{"class":83},[73,111005,110809],{"class":114},[73,111007,854],{"class":105},[73,111009,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111011,102],{"class":101},[73,111013,106],{"class":105},[73,111015,1271],{"class":1270},[73,111017,106],{"class":105},[73,111019,99970],{"class":114},[73,111021,118],{"class":105},[73,111023,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,111025,102],{"class":101},[73,111027,106],{"class":105},[73,111029,1271],{"class":1270},[73,111031,106],{"class":105},[73,111033,99979],{"class":114},[73,111035,118],{"class":105},[59,111037,1405],{"id":1404},[292,111039,12300,111041,102124],{"id":111040},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111042,109890],{},[20,111044,102127],{},[292,111046,1419,111048,355,111050,1424],{"id":111047},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111049,109890],{},[15,111051,99799],{},[20,111053,111054,111056,111057,111059],{},[15,111055,99799],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111058,109890],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[292,111061,27925,111063,111065],{"id":111062},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111064,109890],{}," with lists?",[20,111067,111068],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111070,714],{},[64,111072,111074],{"className":66,"code":111073,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111075,111076,111096,111116,111120,111147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111077,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111079,80040],{"class":79},[73,111081,84],{"class":83},[73,111083,528],{"class":105},[73,111085,404],{"class":315},[73,111087,149],{"class":105},[73,111089,409],{"class":315},[73,111091,149],{"class":105},[73,111093,414],{"class":315},[73,111095,229],{"class":105},[73,111097,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111099,80061],{"class":79},[73,111101,84],{"class":83},[73,111103,528],{"class":105},[73,111105,1652],{"class":315},[73,111107,149],{"class":105},[73,111109,2047],{"class":315},[73,111111,149],{"class":105},[73,111113,4194],{"class":315},[73,111115,229],{"class":105},[73,111117,111118],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111119,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111121,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111123,1819],{"class":79},[73,111125,84],{"class":83},[73,111127,15232],{"class":1270},[73,111129,106],{"class":105},[73,111131,111132],{"class":114},"list1",[73,111134,8223],{"class":105},[73,111136,109980],{"class":114},[73,111138,106],{"class":105},[73,111140,5875],{"class":1270},[73,111142,106],{"class":105},[73,111144,80327],{"class":114},[73,111146,118],{"class":105},[73,111148,111149,111151,111153,111155],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111150,102],{"class":101},[73,111152,106],{"class":105},[73,111154,1854],{"class":114},[73,111156,854],{"class":105},[20,111158,1660],{},[64,111160,111161],{"className":66,"code":110161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,111162,111163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111166,8870],{"class":105},[73,111168,404],{"class":315},[73,111170,149],{"class":105},[73,111172,409],{"class":315},[73,111174,149],{"class":105},[73,111176,2047],{"class":315},[73,111178,149],{"class":105},[73,111180,4194],{"class":315},[73,111182,8901],{"class":105},[292,111184,111186],{"id":111185},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111188,111189],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[59,111191,1461],{"id":1460},[30,111193,111194,111198,111203,111209,111215],{},[33,111195,111196],{},[587,111197,95713],{"href":95712},[33,111199,111200],{},[587,111201,111202],{"href":95716},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111204,111205],{},[587,111206,96199,111207,10333],{"href":102225},[15,111208,99799],{},[33,111210,111211],{},[587,111212,96199,111213,10333],{"href":107115},[15,111214,102184],{},[33,111216,111217],{},[587,111218,99729],{"href":104728},[20,111220,111221,111222,995,111224,1002,111226,111228],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111223,99799],{},[15,111225,102184],{},[15,111227,109890],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1500,111230,56621],{},{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":111232},[111233,111234,111236,111237,111238,111239,111241,111243,111245,111246,111255],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":110005,"depth":98,"text":111235},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":110186,"depth":98,"text":110187},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":110434,"depth":98,"text":111240},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110576,"depth":98,"text":111242},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110716,"depth":98,"text":111244},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":111247},[111248,111250,111252,111254],{"id":111040,"depth":332,"text":111249},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111047,"depth":332,"text":111251},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111062,"depth":332,"text":111253},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111185,"depth":332,"text":111186},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109882,"description":111256},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111263,"title":111264,"body":111265,"description":113328,"extension":1552,"meta":113329,"navigation":335,"path":107115,"seo":113330,"stem":113331,"__hash__":113332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111266,"toc":113287},[111267,111272,111277,111280,111293,111295,111377,111382,111387,111391,111403,111406,111410,111412,111439,111441,111452,111455,111524,111526,111532,111535,111545,111547,111636,111641,111643,111650,111653,111655,111658,111778,111780,111849,111852,111869,111874,111877,111993,111995,112024,112027,112033,112038,112042,112123,112125,112153,112158,112162,112257,112259,112300,112304,112307,112374,112376,112417,112423,112438,112445,112452,112456,112462,112548,112552,112560,112631,112636,112643,112645,112651,112653,112718,112720,112736,112741,112744,112813,112817,112820,112879,112882,112886,112939,112952,112955,113008,113012,113014,113045,113048,113053,113106,113110,113113,113134,113146,113148,113201,113203,113208,113210,113216,113219,113225,113230,113234,113237,113245,113254,113256,113284],[10,111268,13,111270,10916],{"id":111269},"python-setunion-method",[15,111271,107428],{},[20,111273,111274,111276],{},[15,111275,107428],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111278,111279],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111281,111282,111285,111290],{},[33,111283,111284],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111286,2145,111287,111289],{},[55,111288,100154],{}," as the result",[33,111291,111292],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[59,111294,62],{"id":61},[64,111296,111298],{"className":66,"code":111297,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111299,111300,111320,111340,111344,111362,111372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111303,110086],{"class":79},[73,111305,84],{"class":83},[73,111307,10083],{"class":105},[73,111309,404],{"class":315},[73,111311,149],{"class":105},[73,111313,409],{"class":315},[73,111315,149],{"class":105},[73,111317,414],{"class":315},[73,111319,8901],{"class":105},[73,111321,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111323,110107],{"class":79},[73,111325,84],{"class":83},[73,111327,10083],{"class":105},[73,111329,1652],{"class":315},[73,111331,149],{"class":105},[73,111333,2047],{"class":315},[73,111335,149],{"class":105},[73,111337,4194],{"class":315},[73,111339,8901],{"class":105},[73,111341,111342],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111343,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111347,1819],{"class":79},[73,111349,84],{"class":83},[73,111351,110136],{"class":79},[73,111353,817],{"class":105},[73,111355,110654],{"class":114},[73,111357,106],{"class":105},[73,111359,99979],{"class":114},[73,111361,854],{"class":105},[73,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111365,102],{"class":101},[73,111367,106],{"class":105},[73,111369,1854],{"class":114},[73,111371,854],{"class":105},[73,111373,111374],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,111375,111376],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111378,111379,111381],{},[15,111380,102184],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[59,111383,236,111385,239],{"id":111384},"what-setunion-does",[15,111386,107428],{},[20,111388,111389,2475],{},[15,111390,107428],{},[30,111392,111393,111396,111399,111401],{},[33,111394,111395],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111397,111398],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111400,110016],{},[33,111402,110025],{},[20,111404,111405],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111407,95709,111408,817],{},[587,111409,95713],{"href":96884},[59,111411,285],{"id":284},[64,111413,111415],{"className":66,"code":111414,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111416,111417],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111418,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111420,99970],{"class":79},[73,111422,817],{"class":105},[73,111424,110654],{"class":114},[73,111426,106],{"class":105},[73,111428,99979],{"class":114},[73,111430,149],{"class":105},[73,111432,100006],{"class":114},[73,111434,149],{"class":105},[73,111436,199],{"class":101},[73,111438,854],{"class":105},[20,111440,12649],{},[30,111442,111443,111446,111449],{},[33,111444,111445],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111447,111448],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111450,111451],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111453,111454],{},"Example with two sets:",[64,111456,111458],{"className":66,"code":111457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111459,111460,111476,111492,111496,111514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111461,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111463,2145],{"class":79},[73,111465,84],{"class":83},[73,111467,10083],{"class":105},[73,111469,404],{"class":315},[73,111471,149],{"class":105},[73,111473,409],{"class":315},[73,111475,8901],{"class":105},[73,111477,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111479,2173],{"class":79},[73,111481,84],{"class":83},[73,111483,10083],{"class":105},[73,111485,1646],{"class":315},[73,111487,149],{"class":105},[73,111489,414],{"class":315},[73,111491,8901],{"class":105},[73,111493,111494],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111495,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111497,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111499,1819],{"class":79},[73,111501,84],{"class":83},[73,111503,56267],{"class":79},[73,111505,817],{"class":105},[73,111507,110654],{"class":114},[73,111509,106],{"class":105},[73,111511,4350],{"class":114},[73,111513,854],{"class":105},[73,111515,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111517,102],{"class":101},[73,111519,106],{"class":105},[73,111521,1854],{"class":114},[73,111523,854],{"class":105},[59,111525,21569],{"id":21568},[20,111527,111528,100151,111530,817],{},[15,111529,107428],{},[55,111531,100154],{},[20,111533,111534],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111536,111537,111540],{},[33,111538,111539],{},"the original set",[33,111541,111542,111543],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111544,102184],{},[20,111546,714],{},[64,111548,111550],{"className":66,"code":111549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111551,111552,111568,111584,111588,111606,111610,111623],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111553,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111555,2145],{"class":79},[73,111557,84],{"class":83},[73,111559,10083],{"class":105},[73,111561,404],{"class":315},[73,111563,149],{"class":105},[73,111565,409],{"class":315},[73,111567,8901],{"class":105},[73,111569,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111571,2173],{"class":79},[73,111573,84],{"class":83},[73,111575,10083],{"class":105},[73,111577,1646],{"class":315},[73,111579,149],{"class":105},[73,111581,414],{"class":315},[73,111583,8901],{"class":105},[73,111585,111586],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111587,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111589,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111591,1819],{"class":79},[73,111593,84],{"class":83},[73,111595,56267],{"class":79},[73,111597,817],{"class":105},[73,111599,110654],{"class":114},[73,111601,106],{"class":105},[73,111603,4350],{"class":114},[73,111605,854],{"class":105},[73,111607,111608],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111609,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111611,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,111613,102],{"class":101},[73,111615,106],{"class":105},[73,111617,1854],{"class":114},[73,111619,3246],{"class":105},[73,111621,111622],{"class":3249},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[73,111624,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,111626,102],{"class":101},[73,111628,106],{"class":105},[73,111630,587],{"class":114},[73,111632,3246],{"class":105},[73,111634,111635],{"class":3249},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111637,1876,111638,111640],{},[15,111639,587],{}," did not change.",[20,111642,110258],{},[30,111644,111645,111647],{},[33,111646,110263],{},[33,111648,111649],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111651,111652],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[59,111654,11069],{"id":11068},[20,111656,111657],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[64,111659,111661],{"className":66,"code":111660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111662,111663,111696,111729,111733,111753,111757,111767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111664,111665,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111666,111667],{"class":79},"fruits1 ",[73,111669,84],{"class":83},[73,111671,10083],{"class":105},[73,111673,384],{"class":87},[73,111675,3666],{"class":91},[73,111677,384],{"class":87},[73,111679,149],{"class":105},[73,111681,88],{"class":87},[73,111683,3675],{"class":91},[73,111685,384],{"class":87},[73,111687,149],{"class":105},[73,111689,88],{"class":87},[73,111691,32818],{"class":91},[73,111693,384],{"class":87},[73,111695,8901],{"class":105},[73,111697,111698,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111699,111700],{"class":79},"fruits2 ",[73,111702,84],{"class":83},[73,111704,10083],{"class":105},[73,111706,384],{"class":87},[73,111708,3675],{"class":91},[73,111710,384],{"class":87},[73,111712,149],{"class":105},[73,111714,88],{"class":87},[73,111716,22132],{"class":91},[73,111718,384],{"class":87},[73,111720,149],{"class":105},[73,111722,88],{"class":87},[73,111724,32818],{"class":91},[73,111726,384],{"class":87},[73,111728,8901],{"class":105},[73,111730,111731],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111732,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111734,111735,111737,111739,111742,111744,111746,111748,111751],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111736,1819],{"class":79},[73,111738,84],{"class":83},[73,111740,111741],{"class":79}," fruits1",[73,111743,817],{"class":105},[73,111745,110654],{"class":114},[73,111747,106],{"class":105},[73,111749,111750],{"class":114},"fruits2",[73,111752,854],{"class":105},[73,111754,111755],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111756,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111758,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,111760,102],{"class":101},[73,111762,106],{"class":105},[73,111764,1854],{"class":114},[73,111766,854],{"class":105},[73,111768,111769,111771,111773,111776],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,111770,102],{"class":101},[73,111772,106],{"class":105},[73,111774,111775],{"class":114},"fruits1",[73,111777,854],{"class":105},[20,111779,29627],{},[64,111781,111783],{"className":66,"code":111782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111784,111785,111821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111786,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111788,8870],{"class":105},[73,111790,141],{"class":87},[73,111792,3675],{"class":91},[73,111794,141],{"class":87},[73,111796,149],{"class":105},[73,111798,152],{"class":87},[73,111800,32818],{"class":91},[73,111802,141],{"class":87},[73,111804,149],{"class":105},[73,111806,152],{"class":87},[73,111808,3666],{"class":91},[73,111810,141],{"class":87},[73,111812,149],{"class":105},[73,111814,152],{"class":87},[73,111816,22132],{"class":91},[73,111818,141],{"class":87},[73,111820,8901],{"class":105},[73,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111824,8870],{"class":105},[73,111826,141],{"class":87},[73,111828,3675],{"class":91},[73,111830,141],{"class":87},[73,111832,149],{"class":105},[73,111834,152],{"class":87},[73,111836,32818],{"class":91},[73,111838,141],{"class":87},[73,111840,149],{"class":105},[73,111842,152],{"class":87},[73,111844,3666],{"class":91},[73,111846,141],{"class":87},[73,111848,8901],{"class":105},[20,111850,111851],{},"What this shows:",[30,111853,111854,111861,111864],{},[33,111855,111856,355,111858,111860],{},[15,111857,64656],{},[15,111859,65083],{}," appear in both sets",[33,111862,111863],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,111865,111866,111868],{},[15,111867,111775],{}," stays unchanged",[59,111870,438,111872,100543],{"id":111871},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111873,102184],{},[20,111875,111876],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[64,111878,111880],{"className":66,"code":111879,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111881,111882,111898,111914,111931,111948,111952,111979,111983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111885,110086],{"class":79},[73,111887,84],{"class":83},[73,111889,10083],{"class":105},[73,111891,404],{"class":315},[73,111893,149],{"class":105},[73,111895,409],{"class":315},[73,111897,8901],{"class":105},[73,111899,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,111901,110107],{"class":79},[73,111903,84],{"class":83},[73,111905,10083],{"class":105},[73,111907,1646],{"class":315},[73,111909,149],{"class":105},[73,111911,414],{"class":315},[73,111913,8901],{"class":105},[73,111915,111916,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,111917,111918],{"class":79},"set3 ",[73,111920,84],{"class":83},[73,111922,10083],{"class":105},[73,111924,1652],{"class":315},[73,111926,149],{"class":105},[73,111928,2047],{"class":315},[73,111930,8901],{"class":105},[73,111932,111933,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,111934,111935],{"class":79},"set4 ",[73,111937,84],{"class":83},[73,111939,10083],{"class":105},[73,111941,2095],{"class":315},[73,111943,149],{"class":105},[73,111945,4194],{"class":315},[73,111947,8901],{"class":105},[73,111949,111950],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,111951,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111977],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,111955,1819],{"class":79},[73,111957,84],{"class":83},[73,111959,110136],{"class":79},[73,111961,817],{"class":105},[73,111963,110654],{"class":114},[73,111965,106],{"class":105},[73,111967,99979],{"class":114},[73,111969,149],{"class":105},[73,111971,100006],{"class":114},[73,111973,149],{"class":105},[73,111975,111976],{"class":114}," set4",[73,111978,854],{"class":105},[73,111980,111981],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,111982,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,111984,111985,111987,111989,111991],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,111986,102],{"class":101},[73,111988,106],{"class":105},[73,111990,1854],{"class":114},[73,111992,854],{"class":105},[20,111994,29627],{},[64,111996,111998],{"className":66,"code":111997,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111999,112000],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112001,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112003,8870],{"class":105},[73,112005,404],{"class":315},[73,112007,149],{"class":105},[73,112009,409],{"class":315},[73,112011,149],{"class":105},[73,112013,414],{"class":315},[73,112015,149],{"class":105},[73,112017,2047],{"class":315},[73,112019,149],{"class":105},[73,112021,4194],{"class":315},[73,112023,8901],{"class":105},[20,112025,112026],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[59,112028,438,112030,112032],{"id":112029},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112031,102184],{}," with other iterables",[20,112034,112035,112037],{},[15,112036,102184],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[292,112039,112041],{"id":112040},"with-a-list","With a list",[64,112043,112045],{"className":66,"code":112044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112046,112047,112067,112091,112095,112113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112050,523],{"class":79},[73,112052,84],{"class":83},[73,112054,10083],{"class":105},[73,112056,404],{"class":315},[73,112058,149],{"class":105},[73,112060,409],{"class":315},[73,112062,149],{"class":105},[73,112064,414],{"class":315},[73,112066,8901],{"class":105},[73,112068,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112070,60428],{"class":79},[73,112072,84],{"class":83},[73,112074,528],{"class":105},[73,112076,1652],{"class":315},[73,112078,149],{"class":105},[73,112080,2047],{"class":315},[73,112082,149],{"class":105},[73,112084,4194],{"class":315},[73,112086,149],{"class":105},[73,112088,4194],{"class":315},[73,112090,229],{"class":105},[73,112092,112093],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112094,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112096,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112098,1819],{"class":79},[73,112100,84],{"class":83},[73,112102,3851],{"class":79},[73,112104,817],{"class":105},[73,112106,110654],{"class":114},[73,112108,106],{"class":105},[73,112110,60457],{"class":114},[73,112112,854],{"class":105},[73,112114,112115,112117,112119,112121],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112116,102],{"class":101},[73,112118,106],{"class":105},[73,112120,1854],{"class":114},[73,112122,854],{"class":105},[20,112124,29627],{},[64,112126,112127],{"className":66,"code":111997,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,112128,112129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112130,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112132,8870],{"class":105},[73,112134,404],{"class":315},[73,112136,149],{"class":105},[73,112138,409],{"class":315},[73,112140,149],{"class":105},[73,112142,414],{"class":315},[73,112144,149],{"class":105},[73,112146,2047],{"class":315},[73,112148,149],{"class":105},[73,112150,4194],{"class":315},[73,112152,8901],{"class":105},[20,112154,20577,112155,112157],{},[15,112156,1727],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[292,112159,112161],{"id":112160},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[64,112163,112165],{"className":66,"code":112164,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112166,112167,112191,112224,112228,112247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112168,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112170,35460],{"class":79},[73,112172,84],{"class":83},[73,112174,10083],{"class":105},[73,112176,384],{"class":87},[73,112178,587],{"class":91},[73,112180,384],{"class":87},[73,112182,149],{"class":105},[73,112184,88],{"class":87},[73,112186,4350],{"class":91},[73,112188,384],{"class":87},[73,112190,8901],{"class":105},[73,112192,112193,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112194,112195],{"class":79},"more_letters ",[73,112197,84],{"class":83},[73,112199,8828],{"class":105},[73,112201,384],{"class":87},[73,112203,4350],{"class":91},[73,112205,384],{"class":87},[73,112207,149],{"class":105},[73,112209,88],{"class":87},[73,112211,9332],{"class":91},[73,112213,384],{"class":87},[73,112215,149],{"class":105},[73,112217,88],{"class":87},[73,112219,18366],{"class":91},[73,112221,384],{"class":87},[73,112223,854],{"class":105},[73,112225,112226],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112227,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112229,112230,112232,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112245],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112231,1819],{"class":79},[73,112233,84],{"class":83},[73,112235,69478],{"class":79},[73,112237,817],{"class":105},[73,112239,110654],{"class":114},[73,112241,106],{"class":105},[73,112243,112244],{"class":114},"more_letters",[73,112246,854],{"class":105},[73,112248,112249,112251,112253,112255],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112250,102],{"class":101},[73,112252,106],{"class":105},[73,112254,1854],{"class":114},[73,112256,854],{"class":105},[20,112258,29627],{},[64,112260,112262],{"className":66,"code":112261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112263,112264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112265,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112267,8870],{"class":105},[73,112269,141],{"class":87},[73,112271,587],{"class":91},[73,112273,141],{"class":87},[73,112275,149],{"class":105},[73,112277,152],{"class":87},[73,112279,4350],{"class":91},[73,112281,141],{"class":87},[73,112283,149],{"class":105},[73,112285,152],{"class":87},[73,112287,9332],{"class":91},[73,112289,141],{"class":87},[73,112291,149],{"class":105},[73,112293,152],{"class":87},[73,112295,18366],{"class":91},[73,112297,141],{"class":87},[73,112299,8901],{"class":105},[292,112301,112303],{"id":112302},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112305,112306],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[64,112308,112310],{"className":66,"code":112309,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112311,112312,112337,112360,112364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112313,112314,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112315,112316],{"class":79},"chars ",[73,112318,84],{"class":83},[73,112320,10083],{"class":105},[73,112322,384],{"class":87},[73,112324,587],{"class":91},[73,112326,384],{"class":87},[73,112328,149],{"class":105},[73,112330,88],{"class":87},[73,112332,4350],{"class":91},[73,112334,384],{"class":87},[73,112336,8901],{"class":105},[73,112338,112339,112341,112343,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112340,1819],{"class":79},[73,112342,84],{"class":83},[73,112344,112345],{"class":79}," chars",[73,112347,817],{"class":105},[73,112349,110654],{"class":114},[73,112351,106],{"class":105},[73,112353,384],{"class":87},[73,112355,36418],{"class":91},[73,112357,384],{"class":87},[73,112359,854],{"class":105},[73,112361,112362],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112363,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112365,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112367,102],{"class":101},[73,112369,106],{"class":105},[73,112371,1854],{"class":114},[73,112373,854],{"class":105},[20,112375,29627],{},[64,112377,112379],{"className":66,"code":112378,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112380,112381],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112382,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112384,8870],{"class":105},[73,112386,141],{"class":87},[73,112388,587],{"class":91},[73,112390,141],{"class":87},[73,112392,149],{"class":105},[73,112394,152],{"class":87},[73,112396,4350],{"class":91},[73,112398,141],{"class":87},[73,112400,149],{"class":105},[73,112402,152],{"class":87},[73,112404,9332],{"class":91},[73,112406,141],{"class":87},[73,112408,149],{"class":105},[73,112410,152],{"class":87},[73,112412,62668],{"class":91},[73,112414,141],{"class":87},[73,112416,8901],{"class":105},[20,112418,21788,112419,112422],{},[15,112420,112421],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112424,112425,112429,112433],{},[33,112426,112427],{},[15,112428,65863],{},[33,112430,112431],{},[15,112432,17695],{},[33,112434,112435],{},[15,112436,112437],{},"\"t\"",[59,112439,112441,1011,112443],{"id":112440},"union-vs-update",[15,112442,102184],{},[15,112444,14552],{},[20,112446,112447,355,112449,112451],{},[15,112448,102184],{},[15,112450,14552],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[292,112453,112454],{"id":110654},[15,112455,102184],{},[30,112457,112458,112460],{},[33,112459,110016],{},[33,112461,110025],{},[64,112463,112464],{"className":66,"code":111549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,112465,112466,112482,112498,112502,112520,112524,112536],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112467,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112469,2145],{"class":79},[73,112471,84],{"class":83},[73,112473,10083],{"class":105},[73,112475,404],{"class":315},[73,112477,149],{"class":105},[73,112479,409],{"class":315},[73,112481,8901],{"class":105},[73,112483,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112485,2173],{"class":79},[73,112487,84],{"class":83},[73,112489,10083],{"class":105},[73,112491,1646],{"class":315},[73,112493,149],{"class":105},[73,112495,414],{"class":315},[73,112497,8901],{"class":105},[73,112499,112500],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112501,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112503,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112505,1819],{"class":79},[73,112507,84],{"class":83},[73,112509,56267],{"class":79},[73,112511,817],{"class":105},[73,112513,110654],{"class":114},[73,112515,106],{"class":105},[73,112517,4350],{"class":114},[73,112519,854],{"class":105},[73,112521,112522],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112523,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112525,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,112527,102],{"class":101},[73,112529,106],{"class":105},[73,112531,1854],{"class":114},[73,112533,3246],{"class":105},[73,112535,111622],{"class":3249},[73,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,112539,102],{"class":101},[73,112541,106],{"class":105},[73,112543,587],{"class":114},[73,112545,3246],{"class":105},[73,112547,111635],{"class":3249},[292,112549,112550],{"id":30062},[15,112551,14552],{},[30,112553,112554,112557],{},[33,112555,112556],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112558,112559],{},"does not create a separate result set",[64,112561,112563],{"className":66,"code":112562,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112564,112565,112581,112597,112601,112615,112619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112566,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112568,2145],{"class":79},[73,112570,84],{"class":83},[73,112572,10083],{"class":105},[73,112574,404],{"class":315},[73,112576,149],{"class":105},[73,112578,409],{"class":315},[73,112580,8901],{"class":105},[73,112582,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112584,2173],{"class":79},[73,112586,84],{"class":83},[73,112588,10083],{"class":105},[73,112590,1646],{"class":315},[73,112592,149],{"class":105},[73,112594,414],{"class":315},[73,112596,8901],{"class":105},[73,112598,112599],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112600,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112602,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112604,587],{"class":79},[73,112606,817],{"class":105},[73,112608,30062],{"class":114},[73,112610,106],{"class":105},[73,112612,4350],{"class":114},[73,112614,854],{"class":105},[73,112616,112617],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112618,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112620,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,112622,102],{"class":101},[73,112624,106],{"class":105},[73,112626,587],{"class":114},[73,112628,3246],{"class":105},[73,112630,111622],{"class":3249},[20,112632,121,112633,112635],{},[15,112634,102184],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112637,112638,112639,817],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[587,112640,13,112641,10333],{"href":97904},[15,112642,96699],{},[59,112644,4107],{"id":4106},[292,112646,8044,112648,112650],{"id":112647},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112649,102184],{}," to change the original set",[20,112652,81209],{},[64,112654,112656],{"className":66,"code":112655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112657,112658,112674,112690,112694,112708],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112659,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112661,2145],{"class":79},[73,112663,84],{"class":83},[73,112665,10083],{"class":105},[73,112667,404],{"class":315},[73,112669,149],{"class":105},[73,112671,409],{"class":315},[73,112673,8901],{"class":105},[73,112675,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112677,2173],{"class":79},[73,112679,84],{"class":83},[73,112681,10083],{"class":105},[73,112683,1646],{"class":315},[73,112685,149],{"class":105},[73,112687,414],{"class":315},[73,112689,8901],{"class":105},[73,112691,112692],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112693,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112697,587],{"class":79},[73,112699,817],{"class":105},[73,112701,110654],{"class":114},[73,112703,106],{"class":105},[73,112705,4350],{"class":114},[73,112707,854],{"class":105},[73,112709,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112711,102],{"class":101},[73,112713,106],{"class":105},[73,112715,587],{"class":114},[73,112717,854],{"class":105},[20,112719,1660],{},[64,112721,112722],{"className":66,"code":99892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,112723,112724],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112727,8870],{"class":105},[73,112729,404],{"class":315},[73,112731,149],{"class":105},[73,112733,409],{"class":315},[73,112735,8901],{"class":105},[20,112737,8087,112738,112740],{},[15,112739,102184],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112742,112743],{},"Fix it like this:",[64,112745,112747],{"className":66,"code":112746,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112748,112749,112765,112781,112785,112803],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112750,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112752,2145],{"class":79},[73,112754,84],{"class":83},[73,112756,10083],{"class":105},[73,112758,404],{"class":315},[73,112760,149],{"class":105},[73,112762,409],{"class":315},[73,112764,8901],{"class":105},[73,112766,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112768,2173],{"class":79},[73,112770,84],{"class":83},[73,112772,10083],{"class":105},[73,112774,1646],{"class":315},[73,112776,149],{"class":105},[73,112778,414],{"class":315},[73,112780,8901],{"class":105},[73,112782,112783],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112784,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112786,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112788,2145],{"class":79},[73,112790,84],{"class":83},[73,112792,56267],{"class":79},[73,112794,817],{"class":105},[73,112796,110654],{"class":114},[73,112798,106],{"class":105},[73,112800,4350],{"class":114},[73,112802,854],{"class":105},[73,112804,112805,112807,112809,112811],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,112806,102],{"class":101},[73,112808,106],{"class":105},[73,112810,587],{"class":114},[73,112812,854],{"class":105},[292,112814,112816],{"id":112815},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112818,112819],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[64,112821,112823],{"className":66,"code":112822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112824,112825,112841,112857,112861],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112826,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112828,2145],{"class":79},[73,112830,84],{"class":83},[73,112832,10083],{"class":105},[73,112834,1652],{"class":315},[73,112836,149],{"class":105},[73,112838,5084],{"class":315},[73,112840,8901],{"class":105},[73,112842,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112844,2173],{"class":79},[73,112846,84],{"class":83},[73,112848,10083],{"class":105},[73,112850,1646],{"class":315},[73,112852,149],{"class":105},[73,112854,2047],{"class":315},[73,112856,8901],{"class":105},[73,112858,112859],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112860,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,112862,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,112864,102],{"class":101},[73,112866,106],{"class":105},[73,112868,587],{"class":114},[73,112870,817],{"class":105},[73,112872,110654],{"class":114},[73,112874,106],{"class":105},[73,112876,4350],{"class":114},[73,112878,118],{"class":105},[20,112880,112881],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[292,112883,112885],{"id":112884},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[64,112887,112889],{"className":66,"code":112888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112890,112891,112907,112929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112892,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112894,3657],{"class":79},[73,112896,84],{"class":83},[73,112898,10083],{"class":105},[73,112900,384],{"class":87},[73,112902,57507],{"class":91},[73,112904,384],{"class":87},[73,112906,8901],{"class":105},[73,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112910,1819],{"class":79},[73,112912,84],{"class":83},[73,112914,5756],{"class":79},[73,112916,817],{"class":105},[73,112918,110654],{"class":114},[73,112920,106],{"class":105},[73,112922,384],{"class":87},[73,112924,36418],{"class":91},[73,112926,384],{"class":87},[73,112928,854],{"class":105},[73,112930,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,112932,102],{"class":101},[73,112934,106],{"class":105},[73,112936,1854],{"class":114},[73,112938,854],{"class":105},[20,112940,112941,112942,995,112944,1002,112946,112948,112949,112951],{},"This adds ",[15,112943,65863],{},[15,112945,17695],{},[15,112947,112437],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112950,112421],{}," as one item.",[20,112953,112954],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[64,112956,112958],{"className":66,"code":112957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112959,112960,112976,112998],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112961,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112963,3657],{"class":79},[73,112965,84],{"class":83},[73,112967,10083],{"class":105},[73,112969,384],{"class":87},[73,112971,57507],{"class":91},[73,112973,384],{"class":87},[73,112975,8901],{"class":105},[73,112977,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,112979,1819],{"class":79},[73,112981,84],{"class":83},[73,112983,5756],{"class":79},[73,112985,817],{"class":105},[73,112987,110654],{"class":114},[73,112989,401],{"class":105},[73,112991,384],{"class":87},[73,112993,36418],{"class":91},[73,112995,384],{"class":87},[73,112997,3475],{"class":105},[73,112999,113000,113002,113004,113006],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113001,102],{"class":101},[73,113003,106],{"class":105},[73,113005,1854],{"class":114},[73,113007,854],{"class":105},[292,113009,113011],{"id":113010},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113013,2426],{},[64,113015,113017],{"className":66,"code":113016,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113018,113019],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113020,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113022,15227],{"class":79},[73,113024,84],{"class":83},[73,113026,10083],{"class":105},[73,113028,404],{"class":315},[73,113030,149],{"class":105},[73,113032,409],{"class":315},[73,113034,149],{"class":105},[73,113036,528],{"class":105},[73,113038,1652],{"class":315},[73,113040,149],{"class":105},[73,113042,2047],{"class":315},[73,113044,13303],{"class":105},[20,113046,113047],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113049,113050,113051,2475],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113052,102184],{},[64,113054,113056],{"className":66,"code":113055,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113057,113058,113074,113096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113061,15227],{"class":79},[73,113063,84],{"class":83},[73,113065,10083],{"class":105},[73,113067,404],{"class":315},[73,113069,149],{"class":105},[73,113071,409],{"class":315},[73,113073,8901],{"class":105},[73,113075,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113077,1819],{"class":79},[73,113079,84],{"class":83},[73,113081,96309],{"class":79},[73,113083,817],{"class":105},[73,113085,110654],{"class":114},[73,113087,401],{"class":105},[73,113089,1652],{"class":315},[73,113091,149],{"class":105},[73,113093,2047],{"class":315},[73,113095,3475],{"class":105},[73,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113099,102],{"class":101},[73,113101,106],{"class":105},[73,113103,1854],{"class":114},[73,113105,854],{"class":105},[59,113107,113109],{"id":113108},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113111,113112],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113114,113115,113121,113128,113131],{},[33,113116,113117,113118,113120],{},"call ",[15,113119,102184],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113122,113123,113124,8295,113126],{},"confuse ",[15,113125,102184],{},[15,113127,14552],{},[33,113129,113130],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113132,113133],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113135,113136,113137,355,113141,817],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[587,113138,13,113139,10333],{"href":102173},[15,113140,105958],{},[587,113142,13,113144,10333],{"href":113143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113145,99804],{},[20,113147,61676],{},[64,113149,113151],{"className":66,"code":113150,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113152,113153,113163,113177,113187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113154,113155,113157,113159,113161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113156,102],{"class":101},[73,113158,106],{"class":105},[73,113160,15265],{"class":114},[73,113162,854],{"class":105},[73,113164,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113166,102],{"class":101},[73,113168,106],{"class":105},[73,113170,1271],{"class":1270},[73,113172,106],{"class":105},[73,113174,15265],{"class":114},[73,113176,118],{"class":105},[73,113178,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113180,102],{"class":101},[73,113182,106],{"class":105},[73,113184,1854],{"class":114},[73,113186,854],{"class":105},[73,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113190,842],{"class":101},[73,113192,106],{"class":105},[73,113194,5875],{"class":1270},[73,113196,817],{"class":105},[73,113198,110654],{"class":851},[73,113200,854],{"class":105},[59,113202,1405],{"id":1404},[292,113204,12300,113206,102124],{"id":113205},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113207,107428],{},[20,113209,102127],{},[292,113211,1446,113213,113215],{"id":113212},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113214,102184],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113217,113218],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[292,113220,27925,113222,113224],{"id":113221},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113223,102184],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113226,41526,113227,113229],{},[15,113228,102184],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[292,113231,113233],{"id":113232},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113235,113236],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[292,113238,1419,113240,355,113242,1424],{"id":113239},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113241,102184],{},[15,113243,113244],{},"|",[20,113246,113247,113248,113250,113251,113253],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113249,113244],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113252,102184],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[59,113255,1461],{"id":1460},[30,113257,113258,113262,113268,113274,113280],{},[33,113259,113260],{},[587,113261,95713],{"href":96884},[33,113263,113264],{},[587,113265,13,113266,10333],{"href":97904},[15,113267,96699],{},[33,113269,113270],{},[587,113271,13,113272,10333],{"href":102173},[15,113273,105958],{},[33,113275,113276],{},[587,113277,13,113278,10333],{"href":113143},[15,113279,99804],{},[33,113281,113282],{},[587,113283,99729],{"href":98462},[1500,113285,113286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":113288},[113289,113290,113292,113293,113294,113295,113297,113303,113308,113315,113316,113327],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":111384,"depth":98,"text":113291},"What set.union() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":21568,"depth":98,"text":21569},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":111871,"depth":98,"text":113296},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112029,"depth":98,"text":113298,"children":113299},"Using union() with other iterables",[113300,113301,113302],{"id":112040,"depth":332,"text":112041},{"id":112160,"depth":332,"text":112161},{"id":112302,"depth":332,"text":112303},{"id":112440,"depth":98,"text":113304,"children":113305},"union() vs update()",[113306,113307],{"id":110654,"depth":332,"text":102184},{"id":30062,"depth":332,"text":14552},{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":113309},[113310,113312,113313,113314],{"id":112647,"depth":332,"text":113311},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112815,"depth":332,"text":112816},{"id":112884,"depth":332,"text":112885},{"id":113010,"depth":332,"text":113011},{"id":113108,"depth":98,"text":113109},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":113317},[113318,113320,113322,113324,113325],{"id":113205,"depth":332,"text":113319},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113212,"depth":332,"text":113321},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113221,"depth":332,"text":113323},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113232,"depth":332,"text":113233},{"id":113239,"depth":332,"text":113326},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111264,"description":113328},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113334,"title":113335,"body":113336,"description":115225,"extension":1552,"meta":115226,"navigation":335,"path":96198,"seo":115227,"stem":115228,"__hash__":115229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113337,"toc":115191},[113338,113343,113348,113356,113358,113416,113421,113426,113430,113442,113445,113519,113524,113526,113528,113547,113549,113566,113569,113596,113598,113668,113672,113674,113680,113682,113743,113748,113750,113807,113811,113816,113881,113883,113903,113910,113914,113919,114004,114007,114014,114117,114121,114126,114184,114187,114198,114212,114219,114277,114284,114287,114297,114301,114359,114363,114429,114432,114490,114497,114504,114507,114511,114520,114589,114593,114599,114687,114697,114701,114705,114709,114712,114773,114778,114835,114839,114841,114876,114883,114885,114939,114946,114950,114953,115018,115027,115033,115090,115092,115097,115101,115105,115108,115115,115123,115127,115132,115136,115142,115144,115179,115188],[10,113339,95585,113341,10916],{"id":113340},"python-set-update-method",[15,113342,14552],{},[20,113344,113345,113347],{},[15,113346,96699],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113349,113350,113351,113355],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[587,113352,113353],{"href":97885},[15,113354,95593],{},", which adds only one item.",[59,113357,3195],{"id":3194},[64,113359,113361],{"className":66,"code":113360,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113362,113363,113379,113401,113411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113364,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113366,523],{"class":79},[73,113368,84],{"class":83},[73,113370,10083],{"class":105},[73,113372,404],{"class":315},[73,113374,149],{"class":105},[73,113376,409],{"class":315},[73,113378,8901],{"class":105},[73,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113382,553],{"class":79},[73,113384,817],{"class":105},[73,113386,30062],{"class":114},[73,113388,401],{"class":105},[73,113390,1646],{"class":315},[73,113392,149],{"class":105},[73,113394,414],{"class":315},[73,113396,149],{"class":105},[73,113398,2047],{"class":315},[73,113400,3475],{"class":105},[73,113402,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113404,102],{"class":101},[73,113406,106],{"class":105},[73,113408,553],{"class":114},[73,113410,854],{"class":105},[73,113412,113413],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113414,113415],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113417,121,113418,113420],{},[15,113419,14552],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[59,113422,236,113424,239],{"id":113423},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113425,96699],{},[20,113427,113428,2475],{},[15,113429,96699],{},[30,113431,113432,113435,113437,113440],{},[33,113433,113434],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113436,95700],{},[33,113438,113439],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113441,95703],{},[20,113443,113444],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[64,113446,113448],{"className":66,"code":113447,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113449,113450,113474,113500,113504,113514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113451,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113453,12673],{"class":79},[73,113455,84],{"class":83},[73,113457,10083],{"class":105},[73,113459,384],{"class":87},[73,113461,12690],{"class":91},[73,113463,384],{"class":87},[73,113465,149],{"class":105},[73,113467,88],{"class":87},[73,113469,12707],{"class":91},[73,113471,384],{"class":87},[73,113473,8901],{"class":105},[73,113475,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113477,17101],{"class":79},[73,113479,817],{"class":105},[73,113481,30062],{"class":114},[73,113483,401],{"class":105},[73,113485,384],{"class":87},[73,113487,12707],{"class":91},[73,113489,384],{"class":87},[73,113491,149],{"class":105},[73,113493,88],{"class":87},[73,113495,17054],{"class":91},[73,113497,384],{"class":87},[73,113499,3475],{"class":105},[73,113501,113502],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113503,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113505,113506,113508,113510,113512],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113507,102],{"class":101},[73,113509,106],{"class":105},[73,113511,17101],{"class":114},[73,113513,854],{"class":105},[73,113515,113516],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113517,113518],{"class":3249},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113520,20577,113521,113523],{},[15,113522,110419],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[59,113525,285],{"id":284},[20,113527,6808],{},[64,113529,113531],{"className":66,"code":113530,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113532,113533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113534,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113536,15265],{"class":79},[73,113538,817],{"class":105},[73,113540,30062],{"class":114},[73,113542,106],{"class":105},[73,113544,3306],{"class":114},[73,113546,854],{"class":105},[20,113548,79585],{},[30,113550,113551,113554,113557,113560,113563],{},[33,113552,113553],{},"A list",[33,113555,113556],{},"A tuple",[33,113558,113559],{},"Another set",[33,113561,113562],{},"A string",[33,113564,113565],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113567,113568],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[64,113570,113572],{"className":66,"code":113571,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113573,113574],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113575,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113577,15265],{"class":79},[73,113579,817],{"class":105},[73,113581,30062],{"class":114},[73,113583,106],{"class":105},[73,113585,587],{"class":114},[73,113587,149],{"class":105},[73,113589,2150],{"class":114},[73,113591,149],{"class":105},[73,113593,9274],{"class":114},[73,113595,854],{"class":105},[20,113597,714],{},[64,113599,113601],{"className":66,"code":113600,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113602,113603,113615,113649,113653,113663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113604,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113606,3409],{"class":79},[73,113608,84],{"class":83},[73,113610,10083],{"class":105},[73,113612,404],{"class":315},[73,113614,8901],{"class":105},[73,113616,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113618,4945],{"class":79},[73,113620,817],{"class":105},[73,113622,30062],{"class":114},[73,113624,401],{"class":105},[73,113626,1646],{"class":315},[73,113628,149],{"class":105},[73,113630,414],{"class":315},[73,113632,17661],{"class":105},[73,113634,8828],{"class":105},[73,113636,2095],{"class":315},[73,113638,149],{"class":105},[73,113640,4194],{"class":315},[73,113642,8825],{"class":105},[73,113644,10083],{"class":105},[73,113646,79976],{"class":315},[73,113648,30094],{"class":105},[73,113650,113651],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113652,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113654,113655,113657,113659,113661],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113656,102],{"class":101},[73,113658,106],{"class":105},[73,113660,4945],{"class":114},[73,113662,854],{"class":105},[73,113664,113665],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113666,113667],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113669,95709,113670,817],{},[587,113671,95717],{"href":97268},[59,113673,21569],{"id":21568},[20,113675,113676,1987,113678,817],{},[15,113677,96699],{},[15,113679,3364],{},[20,113681,11309],{},[64,113683,113685],{"className":66,"code":113684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113686,113687,113703,113725,113729,113739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113688,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113690,523],{"class":79},[73,113692,84],{"class":83},[73,113694,10083],{"class":105},[73,113696,404],{"class":315},[73,113698,149],{"class":105},[73,113700,409],{"class":315},[73,113702,8901],{"class":105},[73,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113706,1819],{"class":79},[73,113708,84],{"class":83},[73,113710,3851],{"class":79},[73,113712,817],{"class":105},[73,113714,30062],{"class":114},[73,113716,401],{"class":105},[73,113718,1652],{"class":315},[73,113720,149],{"class":105},[73,113722,2047],{"class":315},[73,113724,3475],{"class":105},[73,113726,113727],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113728,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113732,102],{"class":101},[73,113734,106],{"class":105},[73,113736,1854],{"class":114},[73,113738,854],{"class":105},[73,113740,113741],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113742,61212],{"class":3249},[20,113744,113745,113746,817],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113747,1854],{},[20,113749,18567],{},[64,113751,113753],{"className":66,"code":113752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113754,113755,113771,113789,113793,113803],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113756,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113758,523],{"class":79},[73,113760,84],{"class":83},[73,113762,10083],{"class":105},[73,113764,404],{"class":315},[73,113766,149],{"class":105},[73,113768,409],{"class":315},[73,113770,8901],{"class":105},[73,113772,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113774,553],{"class":79},[73,113776,817],{"class":105},[73,113778,30062],{"class":114},[73,113780,401],{"class":105},[73,113782,1652],{"class":315},[73,113784,149],{"class":105},[73,113786,2047],{"class":315},[73,113788,3475],{"class":105},[73,113790,113791],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113792,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113794,113795,113797,113799,113801],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113796,102],{"class":101},[73,113798,106],{"class":105},[73,113800,553],{"class":114},[73,113802,854],{"class":105},[73,113804,113805],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113806,113415],{"class":3249},[59,113808,113810],{"id":113809},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113812,113813,113814,817],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113815,14552],{},[64,113817,113819],{"className":66,"code":113818,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113820,113821,113837,113863,113867,113877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113822,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113824,523],{"class":79},[73,113826,84],{"class":83},[73,113828,10083],{"class":105},[73,113830,404],{"class":315},[73,113832,149],{"class":105},[73,113834,409],{"class":315},[73,113836,8901],{"class":105},[73,113838,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113840,553],{"class":79},[73,113842,817],{"class":105},[73,113844,30062],{"class":114},[73,113846,401],{"class":105},[73,113848,1646],{"class":315},[73,113850,149],{"class":105},[73,113852,414],{"class":315},[73,113854,149],{"class":105},[73,113856,2047],{"class":315},[73,113858,149],{"class":105},[73,113860,2047],{"class":315},[73,113862,3475],{"class":105},[73,113864,113865],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113866,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113868,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113870,102],{"class":101},[73,113872,106],{"class":105},[73,113874,553],{"class":114},[73,113876,854],{"class":105},[73,113878,113879],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113880,113415],{"class":3249},[20,113882,11278],{},[30,113884,113885,113890,113897],{},[33,113886,113887,113889],{},[15,113888,1646],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,113891,113892,355,113894,113896],{},[15,113893,1652],{},[15,113895,2095],{}," are added",[33,113898,113899,113900,113902],{},"The second ",[15,113901,2095],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113904,113905,113906,113909],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[587,113907,113908],{"href":98462},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[59,113911,113913],{"id":113912},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113915,7352,113916,113918],{},[15,113917,14552],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[64,113920,113922],{"className":66,"code":113921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113923,113924,113945,113966,113970,113986,113990,114000],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113925,113926,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939,113941,113943],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113927,113928],{"class":79},"set_a ",[73,113930,84],{"class":83},[73,113932,10083],{"class":105},[73,113934,404],{"class":315},[73,113936,149],{"class":105},[73,113938,409],{"class":315},[73,113940,149],{"class":105},[73,113942,414],{"class":315},[73,113944,8901],{"class":105},[73,113946,113947,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,113948,113949],{"class":79},"set_b ",[73,113951,84],{"class":83},[73,113953,10083],{"class":105},[73,113955,1652],{"class":315},[73,113957,149],{"class":105},[73,113959,2047],{"class":315},[73,113961,149],{"class":105},[73,113963,4194],{"class":315},[73,113965,8901],{"class":105},[73,113967,113968],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,113969,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113971,113972,113975,113977,113979,113981,113984],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,113973,113974],{"class":79},"set_a",[73,113976,817],{"class":105},[73,113978,30062],{"class":114},[73,113980,106],{"class":105},[73,113982,113983],{"class":114},"set_b",[73,113985,854],{"class":105},[73,113987,113988],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,113989,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,113991,113992,113994,113996,113998],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,113993,102],{"class":101},[73,113995,106],{"class":105},[73,113997,113974],{"class":114},[73,113999,854],{"class":105},[73,114001,114002],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,114003,111376],{"class":3249},[20,114005,114006],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114008,114009,114010,817],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[587,114011,114012],{"href":102181},[15,114013,107428],{},[64,114015,114017],{"className":66,"code":114016,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114018,114019,114039,114059,114063,114083,114087,114098,114102,114112],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114022,113928],{"class":79},[73,114024,84],{"class":83},[73,114026,10083],{"class":105},[73,114028,404],{"class":315},[73,114030,149],{"class":105},[73,114032,409],{"class":315},[73,114034,149],{"class":105},[73,114036,414],{"class":315},[73,114038,8901],{"class":105},[73,114040,114041,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114042,113949],{"class":79},[73,114044,84],{"class":83},[73,114046,10083],{"class":105},[73,114048,1652],{"class":315},[73,114050,149],{"class":105},[73,114052,2047],{"class":315},[73,114054,149],{"class":105},[73,114056,4194],{"class":315},[73,114058,8901],{"class":105},[73,114060,114061],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114062,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114064,114065,114068,114070,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114066,114067],{"class":79},"combined ",[73,114069,84],{"class":83},[73,114071,114072],{"class":79}," set_a",[73,114074,817],{"class":105},[73,114076,110654],{"class":114},[73,114078,106],{"class":105},[73,114080,113983],{"class":114},[73,114082,854],{"class":105},[73,114084,114085],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114086,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114088,114089,114091,114093,114096],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,114090,102],{"class":101},[73,114092,106],{"class":105},[73,114094,114095],{"class":114},"combined",[73,114097,854],{"class":105},[73,114099,114100],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,114101,111376],{"class":3249},[73,114103,114104,114106,114108,114110],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,114105,102],{"class":101},[73,114107,106],{"class":105},[73,114109,113974],{"class":114},[73,114111,854],{"class":105},[73,114113,114114],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,114115,114116],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[59,114118,114120],{"id":114119},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114122,64121,114123,114125],{},[15,114124,14552],{}," adds each character separately.",[64,114127,114129],{"className":66,"code":114128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114130,114131,114147,114165,114169,114179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114132,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114134,35460],{"class":79},[73,114136,84],{"class":83},[73,114138,10083],{"class":105},[73,114140,384],{"class":87},[73,114142,354],{"class":91},[73,114144,384],{"class":87},[73,114146,8901],{"class":105},[73,114148,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114150,35513],{"class":79},[73,114152,817],{"class":105},[73,114154,30062],{"class":114},[73,114156,106],{"class":105},[73,114158,384],{"class":87},[73,114160,36418],{"class":91},[73,114162,384],{"class":87},[73,114164,854],{"class":105},[73,114166,114167],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114168,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114170,114171,114173,114175,114177],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114172,102],{"class":101},[73,114174,106],{"class":105},[73,114176,35513],{"class":114},[73,114178,854],{"class":105},[73,114180,114181],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114182,114183],{"class":3249},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114185,114186],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114188,114189,13651,114192,114194,114195,114197],{},[15,114190,114191],{},"update(\"cat\")",[55,114193,806],{}," add ",[15,114196,112421],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114199,114200,114204,114208],{},[33,114201,114202],{},[15,114203,65863],{},[33,114205,114206],{},[15,114207,17695],{},[33,114209,114210],{},[15,114211,112437],{},[20,114213,114214,114215,2475],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[587,114216,114217],{"href":97885},[15,114218,95593],{},[64,114220,114222],{"className":66,"code":114221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114223,114224,114240,114258,114262,114272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114225,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114227,3657],{"class":79},[73,114229,84],{"class":83},[73,114231,10083],{"class":105},[73,114233,384],{"class":87},[73,114235,57507],{"class":91},[73,114237,384],{"class":87},[73,114239,8901],{"class":105},[73,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114243,3701],{"class":79},[73,114245,817],{"class":105},[73,114247,81488],{"class":114},[73,114249,106],{"class":105},[73,114251,384],{"class":87},[73,114253,36418],{"class":91},[73,114255,384],{"class":87},[73,114257,854],{"class":105},[73,114259,114260],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114261,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114263,114264,114266,114268,114270],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114265,102],{"class":101},[73,114267,106],{"class":105},[73,114269,3701],{"class":114},[73,114271,854],{"class":105},[73,114273,114274],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114275,114276],{"class":3249},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[59,114278,114280,1011,114282],{"id":114279},"update-vs-add",[15,114281,14552],{},[15,114283,95588],{},[20,114285,114286],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114288,114289,114293],{},[33,114290,114291,96187],{},[15,114292,95588],{},[33,114294,114295,96192],{},[15,114296,14552],{},[20,114298,45416,114299,2475],{},[15,114300,95588],{},[64,114302,114304],{"className":66,"code":114303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114305,114306,114322,114340,114344,114354],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114307,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114309,35609],{"class":79},[73,114311,84],{"class":83},[73,114313,10083],{"class":105},[73,114315,384],{"class":87},[73,114317,3666],{"class":91},[73,114319,384],{"class":87},[73,114321,8901],{"class":105},[73,114323,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114325,35661],{"class":79},[73,114327,817],{"class":105},[73,114329,81488],{"class":114},[73,114331,106],{"class":105},[73,114333,384],{"class":87},[73,114335,3675],{"class":91},[73,114337,384],{"class":87},[73,114339,854],{"class":105},[73,114341,114342],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114343,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114345,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114347,102],{"class":101},[73,114349,106],{"class":105},[73,114351,35661],{"class":114},[73,114353,854],{"class":105},[73,114355,114356],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114357,114358],{"class":3249},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114360,45416,114361,2475],{},[15,114362,14552],{},[64,114364,114366],{"className":66,"code":114365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114367,114368,114384,114410,114414,114424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114371,35609],{"class":79},[73,114373,84],{"class":83},[73,114375,10083],{"class":105},[73,114377,384],{"class":87},[73,114379,3666],{"class":91},[73,114381,384],{"class":87},[73,114383,8901],{"class":105},[73,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114387,35661],{"class":79},[73,114389,817],{"class":105},[73,114391,30062],{"class":114},[73,114393,401],{"class":105},[73,114395,384],{"class":87},[73,114397,3675],{"class":91},[73,114399,384],{"class":87},[73,114401,149],{"class":105},[73,114403,88],{"class":87},[73,114405,32818],{"class":91},[73,114407,384],{"class":87},[73,114409,3475],{"class":105},[73,114411,114412],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114413,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114415,114416,114418,114420,114422],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114417,102],{"class":101},[73,114419,106],{"class":105},[73,114421,35661],{"class":114},[73,114423,854],{"class":105},[73,114425,114426],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114427,114428],{"class":3249},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114430,114431],{},"Important warning with strings:",[64,114433,114435],{"className":66,"code":114434,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114436,114437,114453,114471,114475,114485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114438,114439,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114440,35609],{"class":79},[73,114442,84],{"class":83},[73,114444,10083],{"class":105},[73,114446,384],{"class":87},[73,114448,3666],{"class":91},[73,114450,384],{"class":87},[73,114452,8901],{"class":105},[73,114454,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114456,35661],{"class":79},[73,114458,817],{"class":105},[73,114460,30062],{"class":114},[73,114462,106],{"class":105},[73,114464,384],{"class":87},[73,114466,37713],{"class":91},[73,114468,384],{"class":87},[73,114470,854],{"class":105},[73,114472,114473],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114474,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114476,114477,114479,114481,114483],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114478,102],{"class":101},[73,114480,106],{"class":105},[73,114482,35661],{"class":114},[73,114484,854],{"class":105},[73,114486,114487],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114488,114489],{"class":3249},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114491,61487,114492,61560,114495,6221],{},[15,114493,114494],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114496,95588],{},[59,114498,114500,1011,114502],{"id":114499},"update-vs-union",[15,114501,14552],{},[15,114503,102184],{},[20,114505,114506],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[292,114508,114509],{"id":30062},[15,114510,14552],{},[30,114512,114513,114516],{},[33,114514,114515],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114517,11018,114518],{},[15,114519,3364],{},[64,114521,114523],{"className":66,"code":114522,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114524,114525,114541,114557,114561,114575,114585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114526,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114528,2145],{"class":79},[73,114530,84],{"class":83},[73,114532,10083],{"class":105},[73,114534,404],{"class":315},[73,114536,149],{"class":105},[73,114538,409],{"class":315},[73,114540,8901],{"class":105},[73,114542,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114544,2173],{"class":79},[73,114546,84],{"class":83},[73,114548,10083],{"class":105},[73,114550,1646],{"class":315},[73,114552,149],{"class":105},[73,114554,414],{"class":315},[73,114556,8901],{"class":105},[73,114558,114559],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114560,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114562,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114564,587],{"class":79},[73,114566,817],{"class":105},[73,114568,30062],{"class":114},[73,114570,106],{"class":105},[73,114572,4350],{"class":114},[73,114574,854],{"class":105},[73,114576,114577,114579,114581,114583],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114578,102],{"class":101},[73,114580,106],{"class":105},[73,114582,587],{"class":114},[73,114584,854],{"class":105},[73,114586,114587],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,114588,114116],{"class":3249},[292,114590,114591],{"id":110654},[15,114592,102184],{},[30,114594,114595,114597],{},[33,114596,100722],{},[33,114598,100725],{},[64,114600,114602],{"className":66,"code":114601,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114603,114604,114620,114636,114640,114658,114668,114672,114682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114607,2145],{"class":79},[73,114609,84],{"class":83},[73,114611,10083],{"class":105},[73,114613,404],{"class":315},[73,114615,149],{"class":105},[73,114617,409],{"class":315},[73,114619,8901],{"class":105},[73,114621,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114623,2173],{"class":79},[73,114625,84],{"class":83},[73,114627,10083],{"class":105},[73,114629,1646],{"class":315},[73,114631,149],{"class":105},[73,114633,414],{"class":315},[73,114635,8901],{"class":105},[73,114637,114638],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114639,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114641,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114643,82568],{"class":79},[73,114645,84],{"class":83},[73,114647,56267],{"class":79},[73,114649,817],{"class":105},[73,114651,110654],{"class":114},[73,114653,106],{"class":105},[73,114655,4350],{"class":114},[73,114657,854],{"class":105},[73,114659,114660,114662,114664,114666],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114661,102],{"class":101},[73,114663,106],{"class":105},[73,114665,9332],{"class":114},[73,114667,854],{"class":105},[73,114669,114670],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,114671,114116],{"class":3249},[73,114673,114674,114676,114678,114680],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,114675,102],{"class":101},[73,114677,106],{"class":105},[73,114679,587],{"class":114},[73,114681,854],{"class":105},[73,114683,114684],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,114685,114686],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114688,107070,114689,114691,114692,114696],{},[15,114690,14552],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[587,114693,114694],{"href":102181},[15,114695,102184],{}," when you want a new set.",[59,114698,114700],{"id":114699},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114702,10340,114703,817],{},[15,114704,96699],{},[292,114706,114708],{"id":114707},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114710,114711],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[64,114713,114715],{"className":66,"code":114714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114716,114717,114733,114755,114759,114769],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114718,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729,114731],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114720,15227],{"class":79},[73,114722,84],{"class":83},[73,114724,10083],{"class":105},[73,114726,404],{"class":315},[73,114728,149],{"class":105},[73,114730,409],{"class":315},[73,114732,8901],{"class":105},[73,114734,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114736,1819],{"class":79},[73,114738,84],{"class":83},[73,114740,96309],{"class":79},[73,114742,817],{"class":105},[73,114744,30062],{"class":114},[73,114746,401],{"class":105},[73,114748,1652],{"class":315},[73,114750,149],{"class":105},[73,114752,2047],{"class":315},[73,114754,3475],{"class":105},[73,114756,114757],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114758,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114762,102],{"class":101},[73,114764,106],{"class":105},[73,114766,1854],{"class":114},[73,114768,854],{"class":105},[73,114770,114771],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114772,61212],{"class":3249},[20,114774,114775,114776,2475],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114777,14552],{},[64,114779,114781],{"className":66,"code":114780,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114782,114783,114799,114817,114821,114831],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114784,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114786,15227],{"class":79},[73,114788,84],{"class":83},[73,114790,10083],{"class":105},[73,114792,404],{"class":315},[73,114794,149],{"class":105},[73,114796,409],{"class":315},[73,114798,8901],{"class":105},[73,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114802,15265],{"class":79},[73,114804,817],{"class":105},[73,114806,30062],{"class":114},[73,114808,401],{"class":105},[73,114810,1652],{"class":315},[73,114812,149],{"class":105},[73,114814,2047],{"class":315},[73,114816,3475],{"class":105},[73,114818,114819],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114820,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114824,102],{"class":101},[73,114826,106],{"class":105},[73,114828,15265],{"class":114},[73,114830,854],{"class":105},[73,114832,114833],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114834,113415],{"class":3249},[292,114836,114838],{"id":114837},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114840,2426],{},[64,114842,114844],{"className":66,"code":114843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114845,114846,114862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114847,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114849,15227],{"class":79},[73,114851,84],{"class":83},[73,114853,10083],{"class":105},[73,114855,404],{"class":315},[73,114857,149],{"class":105},[73,114859,409],{"class":315},[73,114861,8901],{"class":105},[73,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114865,15265],{"class":79},[73,114867,817],{"class":105},[73,114869,30062],{"class":114},[73,114871,106],{"class":105},[73,114873,1727],{"class":315},[73,114875,854],{"class":105},[20,114877,61666,114878,8193,114880,114882],{},[15,114879,2594],{},[15,114881,1727],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114884,6144],{},[64,114886,114888],{"className":66,"code":114887,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114889,114890,114906,114920,114924,114934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114891,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114893,15227],{"class":79},[73,114895,84],{"class":83},[73,114897,10083],{"class":105},[73,114899,404],{"class":315},[73,114901,149],{"class":105},[73,114903,409],{"class":315},[73,114905,8901],{"class":105},[73,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114909,15265],{"class":79},[73,114911,817],{"class":105},[73,114913,30062],{"class":114},[73,114915,401],{"class":105},[73,114917,1727],{"class":315},[73,114919,3475],{"class":105},[73,114921,114922],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,114923,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,114925,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,114927,102],{"class":101},[73,114929,106],{"class":105},[73,114931,15265],{"class":114},[73,114933,854],{"class":105},[73,114935,114936],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,114937,114938],{"class":3249},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114940,45289,114941,817],{},[587,114942,25276,114943],{"href":51978},[15,114944,114945],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[292,114947,114949],{"id":114948},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114951,114952],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[64,114954,114956],{"className":66,"code":114955,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114957,114958,114974,115000,115004,115014],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114959,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114961,15227],{"class":79},[73,114963,84],{"class":83},[73,114965,10083],{"class":105},[73,114967,404],{"class":315},[73,114969,149],{"class":105},[73,114971,409],{"class":315},[73,114973,8901],{"class":105},[73,114975,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,114977,15265],{"class":79},[73,114979,817],{"class":105},[73,114981,30062],{"class":114},[73,114983,401],{"class":105},[73,114985,1646],{"class":315},[73,114987,149],{"class":105},[73,114989,409],{"class":315},[73,114991,149],{"class":105},[73,114993,409],{"class":315},[73,114995,149],{"class":105},[73,114997,414],{"class":315},[73,114999,3475],{"class":105},[73,115001,115002],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115003,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115005,115006,115008,115010,115012],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115007,102],{"class":101},[73,115009,106],{"class":105},[73,115011,15265],{"class":114},[73,115013,854],{"class":105},[73,115015,115016],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115017,114116],{"class":3249},[292,115019,115021,115022,44005,115024,115026],{"id":115020},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115023,14552],{},[15,115025,95588],{}," is better",[20,115028,115029,115030,115032],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115031,95588],{}," is usually the better choice.",[64,115034,115036],{"className":66,"code":115035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115037,115038,115054,115072,115076,115086],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115039,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048,115050,115052],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115041,15227],{"class":79},[73,115043,84],{"class":83},[73,115045,10083],{"class":105},[73,115047,384],{"class":87},[73,115049,57507],{"class":91},[73,115051,384],{"class":87},[73,115053,8901],{"class":105},[73,115055,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115057,15265],{"class":79},[73,115059,817],{"class":105},[73,115061,81488],{"class":114},[73,115063,106],{"class":105},[73,115065,384],{"class":87},[73,115067,36418],{"class":91},[73,115069,384],{"class":87},[73,115071,854],{"class":105},[73,115073,115074],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115075,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115077,115078,115080,115082,115084],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115079,102],{"class":101},[73,115081,106],{"class":105},[73,115083,15265],{"class":114},[73,115085,854],{"class":105},[73,115087,115088],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115089,114276],{"class":3249},[59,115091,1405],{"id":1404},[292,115093,12300,115095,96678],{"id":115094},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115096,96699],{},[20,115098,96681,115099,817],{},[15,115100,3364],{},[292,115102,27925,115103,31824],{"id":31821},[15,115104,14552],{},[20,115106,115107],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[292,115109,1419,115111,355,115113,1424],{"id":115110},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115112,95588],{},[15,115114,14552],{},[20,115116,115117,115119,115120,115122],{},[15,115118,95588],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115121,14552],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[292,115124,115126],{"id":115125},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115128,115129,115130,114125],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115131,14552],{},[292,115133,115135],{"id":115134},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115137,121,115138,10685,115140,817],{},[15,115139,102184],{},[15,115141,14552],{},[59,115143,1461],{"id":1460},[30,115145,115146,115153,115160,115166,115172],{},[33,115147,115148],{},[587,115149,115150],{"href":97885},[15,115151,115152],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115154,115155],{},[587,115156,115157],{"href":102181},[15,115158,115159],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115161,115162],{},[587,115163,115164],{"href":97268},[15,115165,96723],{},[33,115167,115168],{},[587,115169,115170],{"href":98462},[15,115171,99729],{},[33,115173,115174],{},[587,115175,115176,115178],{"href":51978},[15,115177,114945],{}," fix",[20,115180,115181,115182,115184,115185,115187],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115183,95593],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115186,107428],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1500,115189,115190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":115192},[115193,115194,115196,115197,115198,115199,115200,115201,115203,115208,115215,115224],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":113423,"depth":98,"text":115195},"What set.update() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":21568,"depth":98,"text":21569},{"id":113809,"depth":98,"text":113810},{"id":113912,"depth":98,"text":113913},{"id":114119,"depth":98,"text":114120},{"id":114279,"depth":98,"text":115202},"update() vs add()",{"id":114499,"depth":98,"text":115204,"children":115205},"update() vs union()",[115206,115207],{"id":30062,"depth":332,"text":14552},{"id":110654,"depth":332,"text":102184},{"id":114699,"depth":98,"text":114700,"children":115209},[115210,115211,115212,115213],{"id":114707,"depth":332,"text":114708},{"id":114837,"depth":332,"text":114838},{"id":114948,"depth":332,"text":114949},{"id":115020,"depth":332,"text":115214},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":115216},[115217,115219,115220,115222,115223],{"id":115094,"depth":332,"text":115218},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31821,"depth":332,"text":31894},{"id":115110,"depth":332,"text":115221},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115125,"depth":332,"text":115126},{"id":115134,"depth":332,"text":115135},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113335,"description":115225},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115231,"title":115232,"body":115233,"description":116999,"extension":1552,"meta":117000,"navigation":335,"path":13387,"seo":117001,"stem":117002,"__hash__":117003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115234,"toc":116974},[115235,115238,115241,115244,115255,115263,115266,115268,115417,115429,115433,115450,115454,115462,115464,115475,115477,115574,115580,115583,115679,115688,115693,115697,115702,115704,115714,115716,115825,115833,115837,115840,115843,115860,115866,115946,115949,115953,115956,115960,115963,116022,116025,116029,116032,116124,116128,116131,116238,116242,116248,116276,116278,116360,116370,116374,116377,116388,116391,116476,116479,116484,116488,116491,116502,116505,116647,116650,116654,116657,116671,116674,116735,116741,116743,116746,116768,116771,116871,116874,116906,116908,116912,116915,116917,116920,116924,116927,116931,116934,116938,116941,116943,116971],[10,115236,115232],{"id":115237},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115239,115240],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115242,115243],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115245,115246,115249,115252],{},[33,115247,115248],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115250,115251],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115253,115254],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115256,99651,115257,355,115259,115262],{},[55,115258,12447],{},[55,115260,115261],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115264,115265],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[59,115267,62],{"id":61},[64,115269,115271],{"className":66,"code":115270,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115272,115273,115280,115284,115310,115330,115350,115354,115372,115376,115389,115403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115274,115275,115277],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115276,887],{"class":646},[73,115278,115279],{"class":79}," copy\n",[73,115281,115282],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115283,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115285,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115287,11681],{"class":79},[73,115289,84],{"class":83},[73,115291,55673],{"class":105},[73,115293,404],{"class":315},[73,115295,149],{"class":105},[73,115297,409],{"class":315},[73,115299,17661],{"class":105},[73,115301,528],{"class":105},[73,115303,1652],{"class":315},[73,115305,149],{"class":105},[73,115307,2047],{"class":315},[73,115309,52621],{"class":105},[73,115311,115312,115315,115317,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115313,115314],{"class":79},"shallow ",[73,115316,84],{"class":83},[73,115318,115319],{"class":79}," copy",[73,115321,817],{"class":105},[73,115323,12508],{"class":114},[73,115325,106],{"class":105},[73,115327,11728],{"class":114},[73,115329,854],{"class":105},[73,115331,115332,115335,115337,115339,115341,115344,115346,115348],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115333,115334],{"class":79},"deep ",[73,115336,84],{"class":83},[73,115338,115319],{"class":79},[73,115340,817],{"class":105},[73,115342,115343],{"class":114},"deepcopy",[73,115345,106],{"class":105},[73,115347,11728],{"class":114},[73,115349,854],{"class":105},[73,115351,115352],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,115353,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115355,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,115357,11728],{"class":79},[73,115359,138],{"class":105},[73,115361,1710],{"class":315},[73,115363,13148],{"class":105},[73,115365,564],{"class":114},[73,115367,106],{"class":105},[73,115369,55726],{"class":315},[73,115371,854],{"class":105},[73,115373,115374],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,115375,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115377,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,115379,102],{"class":101},[73,115381,106],{"class":105},[73,115383,11728],{"class":114},[73,115385,3246],{"class":105},[73,115387,115388],{"class":3249},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[73,115390,115391,115393,115395,115398,115400],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,115392,102],{"class":101},[73,115394,106],{"class":105},[73,115396,115397],{"class":114},"shallow",[73,115399,3246],{"class":105},[73,115401,115402],{"class":3249},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[73,115404,115405,115407,115409,115412,115414],{"class":75,"line":11189},[73,115406,102],{"class":101},[73,115408,106],{"class":105},[73,115410,115411],{"class":114},"deep",[73,115413,3246],{"class":105},[73,115415,115416],{"class":3249},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115418,121,115419,115422,115423,355,115425,115428],{},[15,115420,115421],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[55,115424,12447],{},[15,115426,115427],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[59,115430,115432],{"id":115431},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115434,115435,115438,115441,115444,115447],{},[33,115436,115437],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115439,115440],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115442,115443],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115445,115446],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115448,115449],{},"When to use each approach",[59,115451,115453],{"id":115452},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115455,14787,115456,115458,115459,115461],{},[55,115457,12447],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[55,115460,806],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115463,1697],{},[30,115465,115466,115469,115472],{},[33,115467,115468],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115470,115471],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115473,115474],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115476,714],{},[64,115478,115480],{"className":66,"code":115479,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115481,115482,115508,115522,115526,115544,115548,115561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115483,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115485,11681],{"class":79},[73,115487,84],{"class":83},[73,115489,55673],{"class":105},[73,115491,404],{"class":315},[73,115493,149],{"class":105},[73,115495,409],{"class":315},[73,115497,17661],{"class":105},[73,115499,528],{"class":105},[73,115501,1652],{"class":315},[73,115503,149],{"class":105},[73,115505,2047],{"class":315},[73,115507,52621],{"class":105},[73,115509,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115511,13909],{"class":79},[73,115513,84],{"class":83},[73,115515,11756],{"class":79},[73,115517,817],{"class":105},[73,115519,12508],{"class":114},[73,115521,8233],{"class":105},[73,115523,115524],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115525,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115527,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536,115538,115540,115542],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115529,13928],{"class":79},[73,115531,817],{"class":105},[73,115533,564],{"class":114},[73,115535,401],{"class":105},[73,115537,1727],{"class":315},[73,115539,149],{"class":105},[73,115541,37015],{"class":315},[73,115543,3475],{"class":105},[73,115545,115546],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115547,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115549,115550,115552,115554,115556,115558],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,115551,102],{"class":101},[73,115553,106],{"class":105},[73,115555,11728],{"class":114},[73,115557,3246],{"class":105},[73,115559,115560],{"class":3249},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[73,115562,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,115564,102],{"class":101},[73,115566,106],{"class":105},[73,115568,13928],{"class":114},[73,115570,3246],{"class":105},[73,115572,115573],{"class":3249},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115575,115576,115577,115579],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115578,13928],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115581,115582],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[64,115584,115586],{"className":66,"code":115585,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115587,115588,115614,115628,115632,115650,115654,115666],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115589,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115591,11681],{"class":79},[73,115593,84],{"class":83},[73,115595,55673],{"class":105},[73,115597,404],{"class":315},[73,115599,149],{"class":105},[73,115601,409],{"class":315},[73,115603,17661],{"class":105},[73,115605,528],{"class":105},[73,115607,1652],{"class":315},[73,115609,149],{"class":105},[73,115611,2047],{"class":315},[73,115613,52621],{"class":105},[73,115615,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115617,13909],{"class":79},[73,115619,84],{"class":83},[73,115621,11756],{"class":79},[73,115623,817],{"class":105},[73,115625,12508],{"class":114},[73,115627,8233],{"class":105},[73,115629,115630],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115631,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115633,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115635,13928],{"class":79},[73,115637,138],{"class":105},[73,115639,1710],{"class":315},[73,115641,13148],{"class":105},[73,115643,564],{"class":114},[73,115645,106],{"class":105},[73,115647,55726],{"class":315},[73,115649,854],{"class":105},[73,115651,115652],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115653,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115655,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,115657,102],{"class":101},[73,115659,106],{"class":105},[73,115661,11728],{"class":114},[73,115663,3246],{"class":105},[73,115665,115388],{"class":3249},[73,115667,115668,115670,115672,115674,115676],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,115669,102],{"class":101},[73,115671,106],{"class":105},[73,115673,13928],{"class":114},[73,115675,3246],{"class":105},[73,115677,115678],{"class":3249},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115680,115681,115682,355,115684,115687],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115683,55830],{},[15,115685,115686],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115689,115690,115691,817],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[587,115692,43311],{"href":11660},[59,115694,115696],{"id":115695},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115698,14787,115699,115701],{},[55,115700,115261],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115703,1697],{},[30,115705,115706,115708,115711],{},[33,115707,115468],{},[33,115709,115710],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,115712,115713],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115715,714],{},[64,115717,115719],{"className":66,"code":115718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115720,115721,115727,115731,115757,115775,115779,115797,115801,115813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115722,115723,115725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115724,887],{"class":646},[73,115726,115279],{"class":79},[73,115728,115729],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115730,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115732,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115734,11681],{"class":79},[73,115736,84],{"class":83},[73,115738,55673],{"class":105},[73,115740,404],{"class":315},[73,115742,149],{"class":105},[73,115744,409],{"class":315},[73,115746,17661],{"class":105},[73,115748,528],{"class":105},[73,115750,1652],{"class":315},[73,115752,149],{"class":105},[73,115754,2047],{"class":315},[73,115756,52621],{"class":105},[73,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115760,13909],{"class":79},[73,115762,84],{"class":83},[73,115764,115319],{"class":79},[73,115766,817],{"class":105},[73,115768,115343],{"class":114},[73,115770,106],{"class":105},[73,115772,11728],{"class":114},[73,115774,854],{"class":105},[73,115776,115777],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115778,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115780,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,115782,13928],{"class":79},[73,115784,138],{"class":105},[73,115786,1710],{"class":315},[73,115788,13148],{"class":105},[73,115790,564],{"class":114},[73,115792,106],{"class":105},[73,115794,55726],{"class":315},[73,115796,854],{"class":105},[73,115798,115799],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,115800,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115802,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,115804,102],{"class":101},[73,115806,106],{"class":105},[73,115808,11728],{"class":114},[73,115810,3246],{"class":105},[73,115812,115560],{"class":3249},[73,115814,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,115816,102],{"class":101},[73,115818,106],{"class":105},[73,115820,13928],{"class":114},[73,115822,3246],{"class":105},[73,115824,115678],{"class":3249},[20,115826,115827,115828,115830,115831,817],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115829,115686],{}," does not change ",[15,115832,55830],{},[59,115834,115836],{"id":115835},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115838,115839],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115841,115842],{},"Common reasons:",[30,115844,115845,115848,115851,115857],{},[33,115846,115847],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,115849,115850],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,115852,115853,115854,115856],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115855,84],{}," does not make a copy",[33,115858,115859],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115861,115862,115863,115865],{},"For example, this does ",[55,115864,806],{}," create a copy:",[64,115867,115869],{"className":66,"code":115868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115870,115871,115891,115899,115903,115917,115921,115933],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115872,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115874,11681],{"class":79},[73,115876,84],{"class":83},[73,115878,528],{"class":105},[73,115880,404],{"class":315},[73,115882,149],{"class":105},[73,115884,409],{"class":315},[73,115886,149],{"class":105},[73,115888,414],{"class":315},[73,115890,229],{"class":105},[73,115892,115893,115895,115897],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115894,13909],{"class":79},[73,115896,84],{"class":83},[73,115898,11719],{"class":79},[73,115900,115901],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,115902,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115904,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,115906,13928],{"class":79},[73,115908,817],{"class":105},[73,115910,564],{"class":114},[73,115912,106],{"class":105},[73,115914,2095],{"class":315},[73,115916,854],{"class":105},[73,115918,115919],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,115920,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,115922,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,115924,102],{"class":101},[73,115926,106],{"class":105},[73,115928,11728],{"class":114},[73,115930,3246],{"class":105},[73,115932,55080],{"class":3249},[73,115934,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,115936,102],{"class":101},[73,115938,106],{"class":105},[73,115940,13928],{"class":114},[73,115942,3246],{"class":105},[73,115944,115945],{"class":3249},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115947,115948],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[59,115950,115952],{"id":115951},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115954,115955],{},"These three ideas are different.",[292,115957,115959],{"id":115958},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115961,115962],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[64,115964,115966],{"className":66,"code":115965,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115967,115968,115994,116002,116006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115969,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115971,11681],{"class":79},[73,115973,84],{"class":83},[73,115975,55673],{"class":105},[73,115977,404],{"class":315},[73,115979,149],{"class":105},[73,115981,409],{"class":315},[73,115983,17661],{"class":105},[73,115985,528],{"class":105},[73,115987,1652],{"class":315},[73,115989,149],{"class":105},[73,115991,2047],{"class":315},[73,115993,52621],{"class":105},[73,115995,115996,115998,116000],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,115997,13700],{"class":79},[73,115999,84],{"class":83},[73,116001,11719],{"class":79},[73,116003,116004],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116005,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116007,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116009,102],{"class":101},[73,116011,106],{"class":105},[73,116013,11681],{"class":114},[73,116015,11789],{"class":646},[73,116017,13768],{"class":114},[73,116019,3246],{"class":105},[73,116021,3250],{"class":3249},[20,116023,116024],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[292,116026,116028],{"id":116027},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116030,116031],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[64,116033,116035],{"className":66,"code":116034,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116036,116037,116063,116077,116081,116098],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116038,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059,116061],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116040,11681],{"class":79},[73,116042,84],{"class":83},[73,116044,55673],{"class":105},[73,116046,404],{"class":315},[73,116048,149],{"class":105},[73,116050,409],{"class":315},[73,116052,17661],{"class":105},[73,116054,528],{"class":105},[73,116056,1652],{"class":315},[73,116058,149],{"class":105},[73,116060,2047],{"class":315},[73,116062,52621],{"class":105},[73,116064,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116066,115314],{"class":79},[73,116068,84],{"class":83},[73,116070,11756],{"class":79},[73,116072,817],{"class":105},[73,116074,12508],{"class":114},[73,116076,8233],{"class":105},[73,116078,116079],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116080,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116094,116096],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116084,102],{"class":101},[73,116086,106],{"class":105},[73,116088,11681],{"class":114},[73,116090,11789],{"class":646},[73,116092,116093],{"class":114}," shallow",[73,116095,3246],{"class":105},[73,116097,20800],{"class":3249},[73,116099,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116101,102],{"class":101},[73,116103,106],{"class":105},[73,116105,11728],{"class":114},[73,116107,138],{"class":105},[73,116109,1710],{"class":315},[73,116111,12871],{"class":105},[73,116113,7687],{"class":646},[73,116115,116093],{"class":114},[73,116117,138],{"class":105},[73,116119,1710],{"class":315},[73,116121,20045],{"class":105},[73,116123,3250],{"class":3249},[292,116125,116127],{"id":116126},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116129,116130],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[64,116132,116134],{"className":66,"code":116133,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116135,116136,116142,116146,116172,116190,116194,116212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116137,116138,116140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116139,887],{"class":646},[73,116141,115279],{"class":79},[73,116143,116144],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116145,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116149,11681],{"class":79},[73,116151,84],{"class":83},[73,116153,55673],{"class":105},[73,116155,404],{"class":315},[73,116157,149],{"class":105},[73,116159,409],{"class":315},[73,116161,17661],{"class":105},[73,116163,528],{"class":105},[73,116165,1652],{"class":315},[73,116167,149],{"class":105},[73,116169,2047],{"class":315},[73,116171,52621],{"class":105},[73,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116175,115334],{"class":79},[73,116177,84],{"class":83},[73,116179,115319],{"class":79},[73,116181,817],{"class":105},[73,116183,115343],{"class":114},[73,116185,106],{"class":105},[73,116187,11728],{"class":114},[73,116189,854],{"class":105},[73,116191,116192],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116193,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116195,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116207,116209],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,116197,102],{"class":101},[73,116199,106],{"class":105},[73,116201,11681],{"class":114},[73,116203,11789],{"class":646},[73,116205,116206],{"class":114}," deep",[73,116208,3246],{"class":105},[73,116210,116211],{"class":3249},"         # False\n",[73,116213,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,116215,102],{"class":101},[73,116217,106],{"class":105},[73,116219,11728],{"class":114},[73,116221,138],{"class":105},[73,116223,1710],{"class":315},[73,116225,12871],{"class":105},[73,116227,7687],{"class":646},[73,116229,116206],{"class":114},[73,116231,138],{"class":105},[73,116233,1710],{"class":315},[73,116235,20045],{"class":105},[73,116237,43247],{"class":3249},[59,116239,116241],{"id":116240},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116243,116244,116245,2475],{},"These all make ",[55,116246,116247],{},"shallow copies",[30,116249,116250,116254,116258,116263,116269],{},[33,116251,116252],{},[15,116253,54980],{},[33,116255,116256],{},[15,116257,12030],{},[33,116259,116260],{},[15,116261,116262],{},"set.copy()",[33,116264,116265,116266],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116267,116268],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116270,116271,116273,116274,877],{},[15,116272,115421],{}," from the ",[15,116275,12508],{},[20,116277,1716],{},[64,116279,116281],{"className":66,"code":116280,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116282,116283,116303,116307,116321,116332,116336,116348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116284,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116286,523],{"class":79},[73,116288,84],{"class":83},[73,116290,528],{"class":105},[73,116292,404],{"class":315},[73,116294,149],{"class":105},[73,116296,409],{"class":315},[73,116298,149],{"class":105},[73,116300,414],{"class":315},[73,116302,229],{"class":105},[73,116304,116305],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116306,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116310,2145],{"class":79},[73,116312,84],{"class":83},[73,116314,3851],{"class":79},[73,116316,817],{"class":105},[73,116318,12508],{"class":114},[73,116320,8233],{"class":105},[73,116322,116323,116325,116327,116329],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116324,2173],{"class":79},[73,116326,84],{"class":83},[73,116328,3851],{"class":79},[73,116330,116331],{"class":105},"[:]\n",[73,116333,116334],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116335,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116337,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,116339,102],{"class":101},[73,116341,106],{"class":105},[73,116343,587],{"class":114},[73,116345,3246],{"class":105},[73,116347,54311],{"class":3249},[73,116349,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,116351,102],{"class":101},[73,116353,106],{"class":105},[73,116355,4350],{"class":114},[73,116357,3246],{"class":105},[73,116359,54311],{"class":3249},[20,116361,72522,116362,46910,116366,817],{},[587,116363,116364,10333],{"href":54339},[15,116365,54980],{},[587,116367,116368,10333],{"href":12027},[15,116369,12030],{},[59,116371,116373],{"id":116372},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116375,116376],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116378,116379,116382,116385],{},[33,116380,116381],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116383,116384],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116386,116387],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116389,116390],{},"Example with a flat list:",[64,116392,116394],{"className":66,"code":116393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116395,116396,116416,116430,116434,116448,116452,116464],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116399,11681],{"class":79},[73,116401,84],{"class":83},[73,116403,528],{"class":105},[73,116405,404],{"class":315},[73,116407,149],{"class":105},[73,116409,409],{"class":315},[73,116411,149],{"class":105},[73,116413,414],{"class":315},[73,116415,229],{"class":105},[73,116417,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116419,13909],{"class":79},[73,116421,84],{"class":83},[73,116423,11756],{"class":79},[73,116425,817],{"class":105},[73,116427,12508],{"class":114},[73,116429,8233],{"class":105},[73,116431,116432],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116433,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116435,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116437,13928],{"class":79},[73,116439,817],{"class":105},[73,116441,564],{"class":114},[73,116443,106],{"class":105},[73,116445,2095],{"class":315},[73,116447,854],{"class":105},[73,116449,116450],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116451,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116453,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,116455,102],{"class":101},[73,116457,106],{"class":105},[73,116459,11728],{"class":114},[73,116461,3246],{"class":105},[73,116463,54311],{"class":3249},[73,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,116467,102],{"class":101},[73,116469,106],{"class":105},[73,116471,13928],{"class":114},[73,116473,3246],{"class":105},[73,116475,115945],{"class":3249},[20,116477,116478],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116480,116481,116482,817],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[587,116483,14486],{"href":56599},[59,116485,116487],{"id":116486},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116489,116490],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116492,116493,116496,116499],{},[33,116494,116495],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116497,116498],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116500,116501],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116503,116504],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[64,116506,116508],{"className":66,"code":116507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116509,116510,116516,116520,116546,116560,116578,116582,116604,116608,116621,116634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116511,116512,116514],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116513,887],{"class":646},[73,116515,115279],{"class":79},[73,116517,116518],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116519,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116521,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116523,11681],{"class":79},[73,116525,84],{"class":83},[73,116527,10083],{"class":105},[73,116529,384],{"class":87},[73,116531,15987],{"class":91},[73,116533,384],{"class":87},[73,116535,2475],{"class":105},[73,116537,528],{"class":105},[73,116539,1920],{"class":315},[73,116541,149],{"class":105},[73,116543,7380],{"class":315},[73,116545,13303],{"class":105},[73,116547,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116549,115314],{"class":79},[73,116551,84],{"class":83},[73,116553,11756],{"class":79},[73,116555,817],{"class":105},[73,116557,12508],{"class":114},[73,116559,8233],{"class":105},[73,116561,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116563,115334],{"class":79},[73,116565,84],{"class":83},[73,116567,115319],{"class":79},[73,116569,817],{"class":105},[73,116571,115343],{"class":114},[73,116573,106],{"class":105},[73,116575,11728],{"class":114},[73,116577,854],{"class":105},[73,116579,116580],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,116581,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,116585,11728],{"class":79},[73,116587,138],{"class":105},[73,116589,384],{"class":87},[73,116591,15987],{"class":91},[73,116593,384],{"class":87},[73,116595,13148],{"class":105},[73,116597,564],{"class":114},[73,116599,106],{"class":105},[73,116601,36212],{"class":315},[73,116603,854],{"class":105},[73,116605,116606],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,116607,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116609,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,116611,102],{"class":101},[73,116613,106],{"class":105},[73,116615,11728],{"class":114},[73,116617,3246],{"class":105},[73,116619,116620],{"class":3249},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[73,116622,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631],{"class":75,"line":6026},[73,116624,102],{"class":101},[73,116626,106],{"class":105},[73,116628,115397],{"class":114},[73,116630,3246],{"class":105},[73,116632,116633],{"class":3249},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[73,116635,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":75,"line":11189},[73,116637,102],{"class":101},[73,116639,106],{"class":105},[73,116641,115411],{"class":114},[73,116643,3246],{"class":105},[73,116645,116646],{"class":3249},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116648,116649],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[59,116651,116653],{"id":116652},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116655,116656],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,116658,116659,116662,116665,116668],{},[33,116660,116661],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,116663,116664],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,116666,116667],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,116669,116670],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116672,116673],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[64,116675,116677],{"className":66,"code":116676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116678,116679,116687,116695,116699,116707,116711,116723],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116680,116681,116683,116685],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116682,2145],{"class":79},[73,116684,84],{"class":83},[73,116686,316],{"class":315},[73,116688,116689,116691,116693],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116690,2173],{"class":79},[73,116692,84],{"class":83},[73,116694,35545],{"class":79},[73,116696,116697],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116698,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116700,116701,116703,116705],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116702,2173],{"class":79},[73,116704,84],{"class":83},[73,116706,14212],{"class":315},[73,116708,116709],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116710,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,116714,102],{"class":101},[73,116716,106],{"class":105},[73,116718,587],{"class":114},[73,116720,3246],{"class":105},[73,116722,26391],{"class":3249},[73,116724,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,116726,102],{"class":101},[73,116728,106],{"class":105},[73,116730,4350],{"class":114},[73,116732,3246],{"class":105},[73,116734,27212],{"class":3249},[20,116736,92893,116737,116740],{},[587,116738,116739],{"href":11660},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[59,116742,1207],{"id":1206},[20,116744,116745],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,116747,116748,116752,116757,116762,116765],{},[33,116749,438,116750,56163],{},[15,116751,84],{},[33,116753,438,116754,116756],{},[15,116755,54980],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,116758,438,116759,116761],{},[15,116760,12030],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,116763,116764],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,116766,116767],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116769,116770],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[64,116772,116774],{"className":66,"code":116773,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116775,116776,116790,116804,116826,116857],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116777,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116779,102],{"class":101},[73,116781,106],{"class":105},[73,116783,11681],{"class":114},[73,116785,11789],{"class":646},[73,116787,13982],{"class":114},[73,116789,854],{"class":105},[73,116791,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,116793,102],{"class":101},[73,116795,106],{"class":105},[73,116797,11681],{"class":114},[73,116799,4277],{"class":83},[73,116801,13982],{"class":114},[73,116803,854],{"class":105},[73,116805,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,116807,102],{"class":101},[73,116809,106],{"class":105},[73,116811,12245],{"class":101},[73,116813,106],{"class":105},[73,116815,11728],{"class":114},[73,116817,8825],{"class":105},[73,116819,14414],{"class":101},[73,116821,106],{"class":105},[73,116823,13928],{"class":114},[73,116825,118],{"class":105},[73,116827,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,116829,102],{"class":101},[73,116831,106],{"class":105},[73,116833,12245],{"class":101},[73,116835,106],{"class":105},[73,116837,11728],{"class":114},[73,116839,138],{"class":105},[73,116841,1710],{"class":315},[73,116843,116844],{"class":105},"]),",[73,116846,14414],{"class":101},[73,116848,106],{"class":105},[73,116850,13928],{"class":114},[73,116852,138],{"class":105},[73,116854,1710],{"class":315},[73,116856,417],{"class":105},[73,116858,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,116860,102],{"class":101},[73,116862,106],{"class":105},[73,116864,1271],{"class":1270},[73,116866,106],{"class":105},[73,116868,11728],{"class":114},[73,116870,118],{"class":105},[20,116872,116873],{},"What they tell you:",[30,116875,116876,116881,116886,116891,116901],{},[33,116877,116878,116880],{},[15,116879,11789],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,116882,116883,116885],{},[15,116884,4277],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,116887,116888,116890],{},[15,116889,42863],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,116892,116893,116894,355,116897,116900],{},"comparing ",[15,116895,116896],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116898,116899],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,116902,116903,116905],{},[15,116904,592],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[59,116907,1405],{"id":1404},[292,116909,116911],{"id":116910},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116913,116914],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[292,116916,56649],{"id":56564},[20,116918,116919],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[292,116921,116923],{"id":116922},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116925,116926],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[292,116928,116930],{"id":116929},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116932,116933],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[292,116935,116937],{"id":116936},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116939,116940],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[59,116942,1461],{"id":1460},[30,116944,116945,116950,116956,116962,116966],{},[33,116946,116947],{},[587,116948,116949],{"href":11660},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,116951,116952],{},[587,116953,13,116954,10333],{"href":54339},[15,116955,54980],{},[33,116957,116958],{},[587,116959,13,116960,10333],{"href":12027},[15,116961,12030],{},[33,116963,116964],{},[587,116965,14563],{"href":56599},[33,116967,116968],{},[587,116969,116970],{"href":57874},"What is a list in Python?",[1500,116972,116973],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":116975},[116976,116977,116978,116979,116980,116981,116986,116987,116988,116989,116990,116991,116998],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":115431,"depth":98,"text":115432},{"id":115452,"depth":98,"text":115453},{"id":115695,"depth":98,"text":115696},{"id":115835,"depth":98,"text":115836},{"id":115951,"depth":98,"text":115952,"children":116982},[116983,116984,116985],{"id":115958,"depth":332,"text":115959},{"id":116027,"depth":332,"text":116028},{"id":116126,"depth":332,"text":116127},{"id":116240,"depth":98,"text":116241},{"id":116372,"depth":98,"text":116373},{"id":116486,"depth":98,"text":116487},{"id":116652,"depth":98,"text":116653},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":116992},[116993,116994,116995,116996,116997],{"id":116910,"depth":332,"text":116911},{"id":56564,"depth":332,"text":56649},{"id":116922,"depth":332,"text":116923},{"id":116929,"depth":332,"text":116930},{"id":116936,"depth":332,"text":116937},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115232,"description":116999},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117005,"title":117006,"body":117007,"description":118864,"extension":1552,"meta":118865,"navigation":335,"path":118866,"seo":118867,"stem":118868,"__hash__":118869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117008,"toc":118822},[117009,117014,117019,117027,117029,117097,117102,117107,117122,117125,117127,117158,117160,117180,117183,117198,117200,117203,117276,117278,117323,117325,117336,117341,117345,117350,117353,117392,117394,117414,117417,117474,117476,117511,117514,117553,117555,117575,117578,117609,117611,117667,117669,117674,117745,117747,117780,117785,117790,117855,117857,117894,117897,117974,117976,118036,118043,118048,118051,118054,118135,118137,118178,118183,118186,118264,118266,118299,118308,118315,118318,118329,118332,118343,118347,118355,118364,118368,118373,118377,118382,118425,118428,118434,118437,118439,118486,118491,118495,118498,118547,118549,118570,118573,118575,118600,118603,118724,118729,118731,118736,118739,118744,118747,118755,118760,118767,118770,118778,118781,118783,118819],[10,117010,13,117012,18],{"id":117011},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117013,73806],{},[20,117015,117016,117018],{},[15,117017,73806],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117020,117021,117022,995,117024,117026],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117023,77249],{},[15,117025,73806],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[59,117028,3195],{"id":3194},[64,117030,117032],{"className":66,"code":117031,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117033,117034,117054,117068,117072,117084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117037,523],{"class":79},[73,117039,84],{"class":83},[73,117041,528],{"class":105},[73,117043,1652],{"class":315},[73,117045,149],{"class":105},[73,117047,5084],{"class":315},[73,117049,149],{"class":105},[73,117051,409],{"class":315},[73,117053,229],{"class":105},[73,117055,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117057,1819],{"class":79},[73,117059,84],{"class":83},[73,117061,73940],{"class":101},[73,117063,106],{"class":105},[73,117065,553],{"class":114},[73,117067,854],{"class":105},[73,117069,117070],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,117071,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,117075,102],{"class":101},[73,117077,106],{"class":105},[73,117079,1854],{"class":114},[73,117081,3246],{"class":105},[73,117083,55067],{"class":3249},[73,117085,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,117087,102],{"class":101},[73,117089,106],{"class":105},[73,117091,553],{"class":114},[73,117093,3246],{"class":105},[73,117095,117096],{"class":3249},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117098,117099,117101],{},[15,117100,73806],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[59,117103,236,117105,239],{"id":117104},"what-sorted-does",[15,117106,73806],{},[30,117108,117109,117113,117116,117119],{},[33,117110,117111,62307],{},[15,117112,73806],{},[33,117114,117115],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117117,117118],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117120,117121],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117123,117124],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[59,117126,285],{"id":284},[64,117128,117130],{"className":66,"code":117129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117131,117132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117133,117134,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117135,73896],{"class":101},[73,117137,106],{"class":105},[73,117139,3306],{"class":114},[73,117141,149],{"class":105},[73,117143,21179],{"class":8767},[73,117145,84],{"class":83},[73,117147,3364],{"class":3438},[73,117149,149],{"class":105},[73,117151,77452],{"class":8767},[73,117153,84],{"class":83},[73,117155,3260],{"class":3438},[73,117157,854],{"class":105},[292,117159,16993],{"id":16992},[30,117161,117162,117167,117172],{},[33,117163,117164,117166],{},[15,117165,3306],{},": the values to sort",[33,117168,117169,117171],{},[15,117170,14439],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117173,117174,117176,117177,117179],{},[15,117175,72959],{},": set to ",[15,117178,3190],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117181,117182],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[64,117184,117186],{"className":66,"code":117185,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117187,117188],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117189,117190,117192,117194,117196],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117191,73896],{"class":101},[73,117193,106],{"class":105},[73,117195,59688],{"class":114},[73,117197,854],{"class":105},[59,117199,11069],{"id":11068},[20,117201,117202],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[64,117204,117206],{"className":66,"code":117205,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117207,117208,117232,117236,117251,117255,117266],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117209,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117211,523],{"class":79},[73,117213,84],{"class":83},[73,117215,528],{"class":105},[73,117217,1727],{"class":315},[73,117219,149],{"class":105},[73,117221,409],{"class":315},[73,117223,149],{"class":105},[73,117225,5948],{"class":315},[73,117227,149],{"class":105},[73,117229,5084],{"class":315},[73,117231,229],{"class":105},[73,117233,117234],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117235,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,117237,117238,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,117239,117240],{"class":79},"sorted_numbers ",[73,117242,84],{"class":83},[73,117244,73940],{"class":101},[73,117246,106],{"class":105},[73,117248,553],{"class":114},[73,117250,854],{"class":105},[73,117252,117253],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,117254,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,117256,117257,117259,117261,117264],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,117258,102],{"class":101},[73,117260,106],{"class":105},[73,117262,117263],{"class":114},"sorted_numbers",[73,117265,854],{"class":105},[73,117267,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,117269,102],{"class":101},[73,117271,106],{"class":105},[73,117273,553],{"class":114},[73,117275,854],{"class":105},[20,117277,1660],{},[64,117279,117281],{"className":66,"code":117280,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117282,117283,117303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117284,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117286,138],{"class":105},[73,117288,404],{"class":315},[73,117290,149],{"class":105},[73,117292,409],{"class":315},[73,117294,149],{"class":105},[73,117296,4194],{"class":315},[73,117298,149],{"class":105},[73,117300,5948],{"class":315},[73,117302,229],{"class":105},[73,117304,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117306,138],{"class":105},[73,117308,1727],{"class":315},[73,117310,149],{"class":105},[73,117312,409],{"class":315},[73,117314,149],{"class":105},[73,117316,5948],{"class":315},[73,117318,149],{"class":105},[73,117320,5084],{"class":315},[73,117322,229],{"class":105},[20,117324,13360],{},[30,117326,117327,117332],{},[33,117328,117329,117331],{},[15,117330,117263],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117333,117334,111868],{},[15,117335,553],{},[20,117337,117338,117339,817],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[587,117340,77759],{"href":77758},[59,117342,117344],{"id":117343},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117346,117347,117349],{},[15,117348,73806],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[292,117351,117352],{"id":7684},"List",[64,117354,117356],{"className":66,"code":117355,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117357,117358,117378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117359,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117361,523],{"class":79},[73,117363,84],{"class":83},[73,117365,528],{"class":105},[73,117367,1652],{"class":315},[73,117369,149],{"class":105},[73,117371,5084],{"class":315},[73,117373,149],{"class":105},[73,117375,409],{"class":315},[73,117377,229],{"class":105},[73,117379,117380,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117381,102],{"class":101},[73,117383,106],{"class":105},[73,117385,73896],{"class":101},[73,117387,106],{"class":105},[73,117389,553],{"class":114},[73,117391,118],{"class":105},[20,117393,1660],{},[64,117395,117396],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,117397,117398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117399,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117401,138],{"class":105},[73,117403,404],{"class":315},[73,117405,149],{"class":105},[73,117407,409],{"class":315},[73,117409,149],{"class":105},[73,117411,414],{"class":315},[73,117413,229],{"class":105},[292,117415,117416],{"id":48330},"Tuple",[64,117418,117420],{"className":66,"code":117419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117421,117422,117442,117456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117425,3409],{"class":79},[73,117427,84],{"class":83},[73,117429,8828],{"class":105},[73,117431,1652],{"class":315},[73,117433,149],{"class":105},[73,117435,5084],{"class":315},[73,117437,149],{"class":105},[73,117439,409],{"class":315},[73,117441,854],{"class":105},[73,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117445,102],{"class":101},[73,117447,106],{"class":105},[73,117449,73896],{"class":101},[73,117451,106],{"class":105},[73,117453,4945],{"class":114},[73,117455,118],{"class":105},[73,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,117459,102],{"class":101},[73,117461,106],{"class":105},[73,117463,1271],{"class":1270},[73,117465,106],{"class":105},[73,117467,73896],{"class":101},[73,117469,106],{"class":105},[73,117471,4945],{"class":114},[73,117473,2503],{"class":105},[20,117475,1660],{},[64,117477,117479],{"className":66,"code":117478,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117480,117481,117497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117484,138],{"class":105},[73,117486,404],{"class":315},[73,117488,149],{"class":105},[73,117490,409],{"class":315},[73,117492,149],{"class":105},[73,117494,414],{"class":315},[73,117496,229],{"class":105},[73,117498,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117500,2879],{"class":83},[73,117502,2882],{"class":633},[73,117504,152],{"class":87},[73,117506,7684],{"class":91},[73,117508,141],{"class":87},[73,117510,2891],{"class":83},[292,117512,117513],{"id":5875},"Set",[64,117515,117517],{"className":66,"code":117516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117518,117519,117539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117520,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117522,3409],{"class":79},[73,117524,84],{"class":83},[73,117526,10083],{"class":105},[73,117528,1652],{"class":315},[73,117530,149],{"class":105},[73,117532,5084],{"class":315},[73,117534,149],{"class":105},[73,117536,409],{"class":315},[73,117538,8901],{"class":105},[73,117540,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117542,102],{"class":101},[73,117544,106],{"class":105},[73,117546,73896],{"class":101},[73,117548,106],{"class":105},[73,117550,4945],{"class":114},[73,117552,118],{"class":105},[20,117554,1660],{},[64,117556,117557],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,117558,117559],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117560,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117562,138],{"class":105},[73,117564,404],{"class":315},[73,117566,149],{"class":105},[73,117568,409],{"class":315},[73,117570,149],{"class":105},[73,117572,414],{"class":315},[73,117574,229],{"class":105},[292,117576,117577],{"id":60555},"String",[64,117579,117581],{"className":66,"code":117580,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117582,117583,117595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117584,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117586,461],{"class":79},[73,117588,84],{"class":83},[73,117590,88],{"class":87},[73,117592,68],{"class":91},[73,117594,95],{"class":87},[73,117596,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117598,102],{"class":101},[73,117600,106],{"class":105},[73,117602,73896],{"class":101},[73,117604,106],{"class":105},[73,117606,482],{"class":114},[73,117608,118],{"class":105},[20,117610,1660],{},[64,117612,117613],{"className":66,"code":78776,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,117614,117615],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117616,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117618,138],{"class":105},[73,117620,141],{"class":87},[73,117622,59819],{"class":91},[73,117624,141],{"class":87},[73,117626,149],{"class":105},[73,117628,152],{"class":87},[73,117630,75412],{"class":91},[73,117632,141],{"class":87},[73,117634,149],{"class":105},[73,117636,152],{"class":87},[73,117638,59854],{"class":91},[73,117640,141],{"class":87},[73,117642,149],{"class":105},[73,117644,152],{"class":87},[73,117646,20],{"class":91},[73,117648,141],{"class":87},[73,117650,149],{"class":105},[73,117652,152],{"class":87},[73,117654,62668],{"class":91},[73,117656,141],{"class":87},[73,117658,149],{"class":105},[73,117660,152],{"class":87},[73,117662,11340],{"class":91},[73,117664,141],{"class":87},[73,117666,229],{"class":105},[292,117668,28820],{"id":15203},[20,117670,62921,117671,117673],{},[15,117672,73806],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[64,117675,117677],{"className":66,"code":117676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117678,117679,117731],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117680,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117682,12802],{"class":79},[73,117684,84],{"class":83},[73,117686,10083],{"class":105},[73,117688,384],{"class":87},[73,117690,115],{"class":91},[73,117692,384],{"class":87},[73,117694,2475],{"class":105},[73,117696,88],{"class":87},[73,117698,12477],{"class":91},[73,117700,384],{"class":87},[73,117702,149],{"class":105},[73,117704,88],{"class":87},[73,117706,8891],{"class":91},[73,117708,384],{"class":87},[73,117710,2475],{"class":105},[73,117712,7380],{"class":315},[73,117714,149],{"class":105},[73,117716,88],{"class":87},[73,117718,10001],{"class":91},[73,117720,384],{"class":87},[73,117722,2475],{"class":105},[73,117724,88],{"class":87},[73,117726,15629],{"class":91},[73,117728,384],{"class":87},[73,117730,8901],{"class":105},[73,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117734,102],{"class":101},[73,117736,106],{"class":105},[73,117738,73896],{"class":101},[73,117740,106],{"class":105},[73,117742,16905],{"class":114},[73,117744,118],{"class":105},[20,117746,1660],{},[64,117748,117750],{"className":66,"code":117749,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117751,117752],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117753,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117755,138],{"class":105},[73,117757,141],{"class":87},[73,117759,8891],{"class":91},[73,117761,141],{"class":87},[73,117763,149],{"class":105},[73,117765,152],{"class":87},[73,117767,10001],{"class":91},[73,117769,141],{"class":87},[73,117771,149],{"class":105},[73,117773,152],{"class":87},[73,117775,115],{"class":91},[73,117777,141],{"class":87},[73,117779,229],{"class":105},[59,117781,438,117783],{"id":117782},"using-reversetrue",[15,117784,77473],{},[20,117786,121,117787,117789],{},[15,117788,77473],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[64,117791,117793],{"className":66,"code":117792,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117794,117795,117815,117819,117833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117796,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117798,523],{"class":79},[73,117800,84],{"class":83},[73,117802,528],{"class":105},[73,117804,1652],{"class":315},[73,117806,149],{"class":105},[73,117808,5084],{"class":315},[73,117810,149],{"class":105},[73,117812,409],{"class":315},[73,117814,229],{"class":105},[73,117816,117817],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117818,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,117822,102],{"class":101},[73,117824,106],{"class":105},[73,117826,73896],{"class":101},[73,117828,106],{"class":105},[73,117830,553],{"class":114},[73,117832,118],{"class":105},[73,117834,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,117836,102],{"class":101},[73,117838,106],{"class":105},[73,117840,73896],{"class":101},[73,117842,106],{"class":105},[73,117844,553],{"class":114},[73,117846,149],{"class":105},[73,117848,77452],{"class":8767},[73,117850,84],{"class":83},[73,117852,3190],{"class":3438},[73,117854,118],{"class":105},[20,117856,1660],{},[64,117858,117860],{"className":66,"code":117859,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117861,117862,117878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117863,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117865,138],{"class":105},[73,117867,404],{"class":315},[73,117869,149],{"class":105},[73,117871,409],{"class":315},[73,117873,149],{"class":105},[73,117875,414],{"class":315},[73,117877,229],{"class":105},[73,117879,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117881,138],{"class":105},[73,117883,1652],{"class":315},[73,117885,149],{"class":105},[73,117887,409],{"class":315},[73,117889,149],{"class":105},[73,117891,5084],{"class":315},[73,117893,229],{"class":105},[20,117895,117896],{},"This also works with strings:",[64,117898,117900],{"className":66,"code":117899,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117901,117902,117934,117938,117952],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117903,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117905,3657],{"class":79},[73,117907,84],{"class":83},[73,117909,528],{"class":105},[73,117911,384],{"class":87},[73,117913,3666],{"class":91},[73,117915,384],{"class":87},[73,117917,149],{"class":105},[73,117919,88],{"class":87},[73,117921,3675],{"class":91},[73,117923,384],{"class":87},[73,117925,149],{"class":105},[73,117927,88],{"class":87},[73,117929,3684],{"class":91},[73,117931,384],{"class":87},[73,117933,229],{"class":105},[73,117935,117936],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,117937,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,117939,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,117941,102],{"class":101},[73,117943,106],{"class":105},[73,117945,73896],{"class":101},[73,117947,106],{"class":105},[73,117949,3701],{"class":114},[73,117951,118],{"class":105},[73,117953,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,117955,102],{"class":101},[73,117957,106],{"class":105},[73,117959,73896],{"class":101},[73,117961,106],{"class":105},[73,117963,3701],{"class":114},[73,117965,149],{"class":105},[73,117967,77452],{"class":8767},[73,117969,84],{"class":83},[73,117971,3190],{"class":3438},[73,117973,118],{"class":105},[20,117975,1660],{},[64,117977,117978],{"className":66,"code":73540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,117979,117980,118008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117981,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117983,138],{"class":105},[73,117985,141],{"class":87},[73,117987,3666],{"class":91},[73,117989,141],{"class":87},[73,117991,149],{"class":105},[73,117993,152],{"class":87},[73,117995,3675],{"class":91},[73,117997,141],{"class":87},[73,117999,149],{"class":105},[73,118001,152],{"class":87},[73,118003,3684],{"class":91},[73,118005,141],{"class":87},[73,118007,229],{"class":105},[73,118009,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118011,138],{"class":105},[73,118013,141],{"class":87},[73,118015,3684],{"class":91},[73,118017,141],{"class":87},[73,118019,149],{"class":105},[73,118021,152],{"class":87},[73,118023,3675],{"class":91},[73,118025,141],{"class":87},[73,118027,149],{"class":105},[73,118029,152],{"class":87},[73,118031,3666],{"class":91},[73,118033,141],{"class":87},[73,118035,229],{"class":105},[59,118037,438,118039,118042],{"id":118038},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118040,118041],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118044,1569,118045,118047],{},[15,118046,118041],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118049,118050],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118052,118053],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[64,118055,118057],{"className":66,"code":118056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118058,118059,118099,118103,118125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118062,3657],{"class":79},[73,118064,84],{"class":83},[73,118066,528],{"class":105},[73,118068,384],{"class":87},[73,118070,78126],{"class":91},[73,118072,384],{"class":87},[73,118074,149],{"class":105},[73,118076,88],{"class":87},[73,118078,37730],{"class":91},[73,118080,384],{"class":87},[73,118082,149],{"class":105},[73,118084,88],{"class":87},[73,118086,3675],{"class":91},[73,118088,384],{"class":87},[73,118090,149],{"class":105},[73,118092,88],{"class":87},[73,118094,37713],{"class":91},[73,118096,384],{"class":87},[73,118098,229],{"class":105},[73,118100,118101],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118102,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,118104,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,118106,1819],{"class":79},[73,118108,84],{"class":83},[73,118110,73940],{"class":101},[73,118112,106],{"class":105},[73,118114,3701],{"class":114},[73,118116,149],{"class":105},[73,118118,21179],{"class":8767},[73,118120,84],{"class":83},[73,118122,10755],{"class":101},[73,118124,854],{"class":105},[73,118126,118127,118129,118131,118133],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,118128,102],{"class":101},[73,118130,106],{"class":105},[73,118132,1854],{"class":114},[73,118134,854],{"class":105},[20,118136,1660],{},[64,118138,118140],{"className":66,"code":118139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118141,118142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118143,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118145,138],{"class":105},[73,118147,141],{"class":87},[73,118149,37730],{"class":91},[73,118151,141],{"class":87},[73,118153,149],{"class":105},[73,118155,152],{"class":87},[73,118157,78126],{"class":91},[73,118159,141],{"class":87},[73,118161,149],{"class":105},[73,118163,152],{"class":87},[73,118165,37713],{"class":91},[73,118167,141],{"class":87},[73,118169,149],{"class":105},[73,118171,152],{"class":87},[73,118173,3675],{"class":91},[73,118175,141],{"class":87},[73,118177,229],{"class":105},[20,118179,20370,118180,118182],{},[15,118181,10755],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118184,118185],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[64,118187,118189],{"className":66,"code":118188,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118190,118191,118224,118228,118254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118192,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118220,118222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118194,3657],{"class":79},[73,118196,84],{"class":83},[73,118198,528],{"class":105},[73,118200,384],{"class":87},[73,118202,82745],{"class":91},[73,118204,384],{"class":87},[73,118206,149],{"class":105},[73,118208,88],{"class":87},[73,118210,3666],{"class":91},[73,118212,384],{"class":87},[73,118214,149],{"class":105},[73,118216,88],{"class":87},[73,118218,118219],{"class":91},"Cherry",[73,118221,384],{"class":87},[73,118223,229],{"class":105},[73,118225,118226],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118227,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,118231,1819],{"class":79},[73,118233,84],{"class":83},[73,118235,73940],{"class":101},[73,118237,106],{"class":105},[73,118239,3701],{"class":114},[73,118241,149],{"class":105},[73,118243,21179],{"class":8767},[73,118245,84],{"class":83},[73,118247,3031],{"class":1270},[73,118249,817],{"class":105},[73,118251,206],{"class":851},[73,118253,854],{"class":105},[73,118255,118256,118258,118260,118262],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,118257,102],{"class":101},[73,118259,106],{"class":105},[73,118261,1854],{"class":114},[73,118263,854],{"class":105},[20,118265,1660],{},[64,118267,118269],{"className":66,"code":118268,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118270,118271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118272,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118274,138],{"class":105},[73,118276,141],{"class":87},[73,118278,3666],{"class":91},[73,118280,141],{"class":87},[73,118282,149],{"class":105},[73,118284,152],{"class":87},[73,118286,82745],{"class":91},[73,118288,141],{"class":87},[73,118290,149],{"class":105},[73,118292,152],{"class":87},[73,118294,118219],{"class":91},[73,118296,141],{"class":87},[73,118298,229],{"class":105},[20,118300,118301,118302,1132,118304,817],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118303,41735],{},[587,118305,13,118306,1470],{"href":41732},[15,118307,41735],{},[59,118309,118311,1011,118313],{"id":118310},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118312,73806],{},[15,118314,77249],{},[20,118316,118317],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118319,118320,118325],{},[33,118321,118322,118324],{},[15,118323,73806],{}," returns a new list",[33,118326,118327,73344],{},[15,118328,77249],{},[20,118330,118331],{},"Also:",[30,118333,118334,118339],{},[33,118335,118336,118338],{},[15,118337,73806],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118340,118341,78682],{},[15,118342,77249],{},[20,118344,121,118345,10193],{},[15,118346,73806],{},[30,118348,118349,118352],{},[33,118350,118351],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118353,118354],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118356,118357,118358,817],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[587,118359,13,118360,1011,118362,5370],{"href":78507},[15,118361,73806],{},[15,118363,77249],{},[59,118365,118367],{"id":118366},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118369,118370,118371,817],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118372,73806],{},[292,118374,118376],{"id":118375},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118378,118379,118380,2475],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118381,2594],{},[64,118383,118385],{"className":66,"code":118384,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118386,118387,118411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118388,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118390,3409],{"class":79},[73,118392,84],{"class":83},[73,118394,528],{"class":105},[73,118396,404],{"class":315},[73,118398,149],{"class":105},[73,118400,88],{"class":87},[73,118402,1646],{"class":91},[73,118404,384],{"class":87},[73,118406,149],{"class":105},[73,118408,414],{"class":315},[73,118410,229],{"class":105},[73,118412,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118414,102],{"class":101},[73,118416,106],{"class":105},[73,118418,73896],{"class":101},[73,118420,106],{"class":105},[73,118422,4945],{"class":114},[73,118424,118],{"class":105},[20,118426,118427],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[292,118429,118431,118432,1892],{"id":118430},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118433,14439],{},[20,118435,118436],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118438,714],{},[64,118440,118442],{"className":66,"code":118441,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118443,118444,118464],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118445,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118447,523],{"class":79},[73,118449,84],{"class":83},[73,118451,528],{"class":105},[73,118453,1920],{"class":315},[73,118455,149],{"class":105},[73,118457,409],{"class":315},[73,118459,149],{"class":105},[73,118461,7385],{"class":315},[73,118463,229],{"class":105},[73,118465,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118467,102],{"class":101},[73,118469,106],{"class":105},[73,118471,73896],{"class":101},[73,118473,106],{"class":105},[73,118475,553],{"class":114},[73,118477,149],{"class":105},[73,118479,21179],{"class":8767},[73,118481,84],{"class":83},[73,118483,10755],{"class":101},[73,118485,118],{"class":105},[20,118487,47887,118488,118490],{},[15,118489,41735],{}," does not work on integers.",[292,118492,118494],{"id":118493},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118496,118497],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[64,118499,118501],{"className":66,"code":118500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118502,118503,118523,118533,118537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118506,523],{"class":79},[73,118508,84],{"class":83},[73,118510,528],{"class":105},[73,118512,1652],{"class":315},[73,118514,149],{"class":105},[73,118516,5084],{"class":315},[73,118518,149],{"class":105},[73,118520,409],{"class":315},[73,118522,229],{"class":105},[73,118524,118525,118527,118529,118531],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118526,73896],{"class":101},[73,118528,106],{"class":105},[73,118530,553],{"class":114},[73,118532,854],{"class":105},[73,118534,118535],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,118536,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,118538,118539,118541,118543,118545],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,118540,102],{"class":101},[73,118542,106],{"class":105},[73,118544,553],{"class":114},[73,118546,854],{"class":105},[20,118548,1660],{},[64,118550,118552],{"className":66,"code":118551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118553,118554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118555,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118557,138],{"class":105},[73,118559,1652],{"class":315},[73,118561,149],{"class":105},[73,118563,5084],{"class":315},[73,118565,149],{"class":105},[73,118567,409],{"class":315},[73,118569,229],{"class":105},[20,118571,118572],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[59,118574,1207],{"id":1206},[30,118576,118577,118581,118584,118589,118593],{},[33,118578,4168,118579,73344],{},[15,118580,73806],{},[33,118582,118583],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118585,4293,118586,118588],{},[15,118587,73806],{}," always returns a list",[33,118590,438,118591,22703],{},[15,118592,118041],{},[33,118594,29247,118595,118597,118598],{},[15,118596,63693],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118599,73806],{},[20,118601,118602],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[64,118604,118606],{"className":66,"code":118605,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118607,118608,118630,118656,118694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118609,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118611,102],{"class":101},[73,118613,106],{"class":105},[73,118615,73896],{"class":101},[73,118617,401],{"class":105},[73,118619,1652],{"class":315},[73,118621,149],{"class":105},[73,118623,5084],{"class":315},[73,118625,149],{"class":105},[73,118627,409],{"class":315},[73,118629,417],{"class":105},[73,118631,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118633,102],{"class":101},[73,118635,106],{"class":105},[73,118637,1271],{"class":1270},[73,118639,106],{"class":105},[73,118641,73896],{"class":101},[73,118643,5097],{"class":105},[73,118645,1652],{"class":315},[73,118647,149],{"class":105},[73,118649,5084],{"class":315},[73,118651,149],{"class":105},[73,118653,409],{"class":315},[73,118655,92749],{"class":105},[73,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,118659,102],{"class":101},[73,118661,106],{"class":105},[73,118663,73896],{"class":101},[73,118665,401],{"class":105},[73,118667,141],{"class":87},[73,118669,82745],{"class":91},[73,118671,141],{"class":87},[73,118673,149],{"class":105},[73,118675,152],{"class":87},[73,118677,3666],{"class":91},[73,118679,141],{"class":87},[73,118681,17661],{"class":105},[73,118683,21179],{"class":8767},[73,118685,84],{"class":83},[73,118687,3031],{"class":1270},[73,118689,817],{"class":105},[73,118691,206],{"class":851},[73,118693,118],{"class":105},[73,118695,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,118697,102],{"class":101},[73,118699,106],{"class":105},[73,118701,73896],{"class":101},[73,118703,401],{"class":105},[73,118705,1652],{"class":315},[73,118707,149],{"class":105},[73,118709,5084],{"class":315},[73,118711,149],{"class":105},[73,118713,409],{"class":315},[73,118715,17661],{"class":105},[73,118717,77452],{"class":8767},[73,118719,84],{"class":83},[73,118721,3190],{"class":3438},[73,118723,118],{"class":105},[20,118725,118726,118727,817],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[587,118728,52150],{"href":50357},[59,118730,1405],{"id":1404},[292,118732,12300,118734,56543],{"id":118733},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118735,73806],{},[20,118737,118738],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[292,118740,1409,118742,12312],{"id":118741},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118743,73806],{},[20,118745,118746],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[292,118748,118750,118751,10685,118753,1424],{"id":118749},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118752,73806],{},[15,118754,77249],{},[20,118756,121,118757,118759],{},[15,118758,73806],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[292,118761,1409,118763,85833,118765,1424],{"id":118762},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118764,118041],{},[15,118766,73806],{},[20,118768,118769],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[292,118771,4747,118773,118775,118776,1424],{"id":118772},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118774,73806],{}," give a ",[15,118777,2594],{},[20,118779,118780],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[59,118782,1461],{"id":1460},[30,118784,118785,118789,118797,118801,118807,118813],{},[33,118786,118787],{},[587,118788,79255],{"href":77758},[33,118790,118791],{},[587,118792,13,118793,1011,118795,5370],{"href":78507},[15,118794,73806],{},[15,118796,77249],{},[33,118798,118799],{},[587,118800,52150],{"href":50357},[33,118802,118803],{},[587,118804,13,118805,1470],{"href":41732},[15,118806,41735],{},[33,118808,118809],{},[587,118810,13,118811,1470],{"href":91405},[15,118812,35118],{},[33,118814,118815],{},[587,118816,13,118817,1470],{"href":35565},[15,118818,35568],{},[1500,118820,118821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":118823},[118824,118825,118827,118830,118831,118838,118840,118842,118844,118850,118851,118863],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":117104,"depth":98,"text":118826},"What sorted() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":118828},[118829],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":117343,"depth":98,"text":117344,"children":118832},[118833,118834,118835,118836,118837],{"id":7684,"depth":332,"text":117352},{"id":48330,"depth":332,"text":117416},{"id":5875,"depth":332,"text":117513},{"id":60555,"depth":332,"text":117577},{"id":15203,"depth":332,"text":28820},{"id":117782,"depth":98,"text":118839},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118038,"depth":98,"text":118841},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118310,"depth":98,"text":118843},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118366,"depth":98,"text":118367,"children":118845},[118846,118847,118849],{"id":118375,"depth":332,"text":118376},{"id":118430,"depth":332,"text":118848},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118493,"depth":332,"text":118494},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":118852},[118853,118855,118857,118859,118861],{"id":118733,"depth":332,"text":118854},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118741,"depth":332,"text":118856},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118749,"depth":332,"text":118858},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118762,"depth":332,"text":118860},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118772,"depth":332,"text":118862},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117006,"description":118864},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118871,"title":118872,"body":118873,"description":120984,"extension":1552,"meta":120985,"navigation":335,"path":78507,"seo":120986,"stem":120987,"__hash__":120988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118874,"toc":120931},[118875,118882,118885,118895,118901,118904,118922,118930,118932,118991,118999,119003,119025,119029,119033,119035,119052,119054,119066,119072,119156,119160,119207,119213,119220,119224,119229,119231,119243,119248,119301,119305,119325,119332,119339,119343,119346,119365,119369,119483,119487,119557,119559,119571,119576,119580,119593,119597,119672,119676,119715,119722,119728,119733,119737,119751,119755,119820,119824,119857,119860,119865,119873,119880,119893,119896,119900,119983,119987,120024,120028,120131,120135,120196,120201,120208,120212,120215,120221,120224,120291,120295,120319,120321,120339,120346,120399,120403,120423,120429,120431,120488,120495,120521,120526,120531,120539,120545,120605,120609,120656,120659,120661,120664,120690,120693,120786,120788,120808,120812,120815,120833,120839,120841,120849,120854,120861,120864,120870,120873,120879,120887,120895,120900,120902,120928],[10,118876,13,118878,1011,118880,92463],{"id":118877},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118879,73806],{},[15,118881,77249],{},[20,118883,118884],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,118886,118887,118891],{},[33,118888,118889],{},[15,118890,73806],{},[33,118892,118893],{},[15,118894,77249],{},[20,118896,118897,118898,118900],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[55,118899,806],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118902,118903],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,118905,118906,118914],{},[33,118907,121,118908,118910,118911],{},[15,118909,73806],{}," when you want a ",[55,118912,118913],{},"new sorted result",[33,118915,121,118916,118918,118919],{},[15,118917,77249],{}," when you want to ",[55,118920,118921],{},"change the original list",[20,118923,118924,118925,1987,118927,118929],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118926,77249],{},[15,118928,3364],{}," and causes confusion.",[59,118931,3195],{"id":3194},[64,118933,118935],{"className":66,"code":118934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118936,118937,118957,118961,118978],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118938,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118940,523],{"class":79},[73,118942,84],{"class":83},[73,118944,528],{"class":105},[73,118946,1652],{"class":315},[73,118948,149],{"class":105},[73,118950,5084],{"class":315},[73,118952,149],{"class":105},[73,118954,409],{"class":315},[73,118956,229],{"class":105},[73,118958,118959],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,118960,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,118962,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,118964,55269],{"class":79},[73,118966,84],{"class":83},[73,118968,73940],{"class":101},[73,118970,106],{"class":105},[73,118972,553],{"class":114},[73,118974,3246],{"class":105},[73,118976,118977],{"class":3249},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[73,118979,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,118981,553],{"class":79},[73,118983,817],{"class":105},[73,118985,579],{"class":114},[73,118987,6956],{"class":105},[73,118989,118990],{"class":3249},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118992,121,118993,118995,118996,118998],{},[15,118994,73806],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118997,77249],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[59,119000,119002],{"id":119001},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119004,119005,119010,119015,119022],{},[33,119006,121,119007,119009],{},[15,119008,73806],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119011,121,119012,119014],{},[15,119013,77249],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119016,119017,119018,1987,119020],{},"Understand why ",[15,119019,77249],{},[15,119021,3364],{},[33,119023,119024],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[59,119026,236,119027,239],{"id":117104},[15,119028,73806],{},[20,119030,119031,62307],{},[15,119032,73806],{},[20,119034,48304],{},[30,119036,119037,119043,119049],{},[33,119038,119039,119040],{},"returns a ",[55,119041,119042],{},"new list",[33,119044,119045,119046,119048],{},"does ",[55,119047,806],{}," change the original data",[33,119050,119051],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119053,50511],{},[30,119055,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064],{},[33,119057,428],{},[33,119059,4890],{},[33,119061,425],{},[33,119063,4893],{},[33,119065,35279],{},[292,119067,873,119069,119071],{"id":119068},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119070,73806],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[64,119073,119075],{"className":66,"code":119074,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119076,119077,119097,119101,119115,119119,119137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119078,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119080,523],{"class":79},[73,119082,84],{"class":83},[73,119084,528],{"class":105},[73,119086,1652],{"class":315},[73,119088,149],{"class":105},[73,119090,5084],{"class":315},[73,119092,149],{"class":105},[73,119094,409],{"class":315},[73,119096,229],{"class":105},[73,119098,119099],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119100,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119102,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119104,1819],{"class":79},[73,119106,84],{"class":83},[73,119108,73940],{"class":101},[73,119110,106],{"class":105},[73,119112,553],{"class":114},[73,119114,854],{"class":105},[73,119116,119117],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119118,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119120,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119122,102],{"class":101},[73,119124,106],{"class":105},[73,119126,384],{"class":87},[73,119128,11749],{"class":91},[73,119130,384],{"class":87},[73,119132,149],{"class":105},[73,119134,3851],{"class":114},[73,119136,854],{"class":105},[73,119138,119139,119141,119143,119145,119148,119150,119152,119154],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,119140,102],{"class":101},[73,119142,106],{"class":105},[73,119144,384],{"class":87},[73,119146,119147],{"class":91},"sorted result:",[73,119149,384],{"class":87},[73,119151,149],{"class":105},[73,119153,80599],{"class":114},[73,119155,854],{"class":105},[20,119157,119158],{},[55,119159,1660],{},[64,119161,119163],{"className":66,"code":119162,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119164,119165,119185],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119166,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119168,11728],{"class":79},[73,119170,2475],{"class":105},[73,119172,528],{"class":105},[73,119174,1652],{"class":315},[73,119176,149],{"class":105},[73,119178,5084],{"class":315},[73,119180,149],{"class":105},[73,119182,409],{"class":315},[73,119184,229],{"class":105},[73,119186,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119188,73896],{"class":101},[73,119190,80599],{"class":79},[73,119192,2475],{"class":105},[73,119194,528],{"class":105},[73,119196,404],{"class":315},[73,119198,149],{"class":105},[73,119200,409],{"class":315},[73,119202,149],{"class":105},[73,119204,414],{"class":315},[73,119206,229],{"class":105},[20,119208,119209,119210,119212],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119211,553],{}," stays the same.",[20,119214,119215,119216,817],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[587,119217,13,119218,1470],{"href":73903},[15,119219,73806],{},[59,119221,236,119222,239],{"id":77315},[15,119223,77249],{},[20,119225,119226,119228],{},[15,119227,63693],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119230,48304],{},[30,119232,119233,119236,119239],{},[33,119234,119235],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119237,119238],{},"only works on lists",[33,119240,3277,119241],{},[15,119242,3364],{},[292,119244,873,119246,73344],{"id":119245},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119247,77249],{},[64,119249,119251],{"className":66,"code":119250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119252,119253,119273,119277,119287,119291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119254,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119256,523],{"class":79},[73,119258,84],{"class":83},[73,119260,528],{"class":105},[73,119262,1652],{"class":315},[73,119264,149],{"class":105},[73,119266,5084],{"class":315},[73,119268,149],{"class":105},[73,119270,409],{"class":315},[73,119272,229],{"class":105},[73,119274,119275],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119276,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119278,119279,119281,119283,119285],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119280,553],{"class":79},[73,119282,817],{"class":105},[73,119284,579],{"class":114},[73,119286,8233],{"class":105},[73,119288,119289],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119290,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119292,119293,119295,119297,119299],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119294,102],{"class":101},[73,119296,106],{"class":105},[73,119298,553],{"class":114},[73,119300,854],{"class":105},[20,119302,119303],{},[55,119304,1660],{},[64,119306,119307],{"className":66,"code":54529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,119308,119309],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119310,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119312,138],{"class":105},[73,119314,404],{"class":315},[73,119316,149],{"class":105},[73,119318,409],{"class":315},[73,119320,149],{"class":105},[73,119322,414],{"class":315},[73,119324,229],{"class":105},[20,119326,119327,119328,119331],{},"After calling ",[15,119329,119330],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119333,119334,119335,817],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[587,119336,13,119337,10333],{"href":74157},[15,119338,77249],{},[59,119340,119342],{"id":119341},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119344,119345],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119347,119348,119357],{},[33,119349,119350,119353,119354],{},[15,119351,119352],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[55,119355,119356],{},"new sorted list",[33,119358,119359,119362,119363,73714],{},[15,119360,119361],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119364,7930],{},[292,119366,119368],{"id":119367},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[64,119370,119372],{"className":66,"code":119371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119373,119374,119394,119398,119412,119431,119450,119454,119464],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119375,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119377,523],{"class":79},[73,119379,84],{"class":83},[73,119381,528],{"class":105},[73,119383,1727],{"class":315},[73,119385,149],{"class":105},[73,119387,409],{"class":315},[73,119389,149],{"class":105},[73,119391,2047],{"class":315},[73,119393,229],{"class":105},[73,119395,119396],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119397,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119399,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119401,2145],{"class":79},[73,119403,84],{"class":83},[73,119405,73940],{"class":101},[73,119407,106],{"class":105},[73,119409,553],{"class":114},[73,119411,854],{"class":105},[73,119413,119414,119416,119418,119420,119423,119425,119427,119429],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119415,102],{"class":101},[73,119417,106],{"class":105},[73,119419,384],{"class":87},[73,119421,119422],{"class":91},"numbers after sorted():",[73,119424,384],{"class":87},[73,119426,149],{"class":105},[73,119428,3851],{"class":114},[73,119430,854],{"class":105},[73,119432,119433,119435,119437,119439,119442,119444,119446,119448],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119434,102],{"class":101},[73,119436,106],{"class":105},[73,119438,384],{"class":87},[73,119440,119441],{"class":91},"a:",[73,119443,384],{"class":87},[73,119445,149],{"class":105},[73,119447,56267],{"class":114},[73,119449,854],{"class":105},[73,119451,119452],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,119453,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119455,119456,119458,119460,119462],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,119457,553],{"class":79},[73,119459,817],{"class":105},[73,119461,579],{"class":114},[73,119463,8233],{"class":105},[73,119465,119466,119468,119470,119472,119475,119477,119479,119481],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,119467,102],{"class":101},[73,119469,106],{"class":105},[73,119471,384],{"class":87},[73,119473,119474],{"class":91},"numbers after sort():",[73,119476,384],{"class":87},[73,119478,149],{"class":105},[73,119480,3851],{"class":114},[73,119482,854],{"class":105},[20,119484,119485],{},[55,119486,1660],{},[64,119488,119490],{"className":66,"code":119489,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119491,119492,119515,119535],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119493,119494,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119495,119496],{"class":79},"numbers after ",[73,119498,73896],{"class":101},[73,119500,29181],{"class":105},[73,119502,528],{"class":105},[73,119504,1727],{"class":315},[73,119506,149],{"class":105},[73,119508,409],{"class":315},[73,119510,149],{"class":105},[73,119512,2047],{"class":315},[73,119514,229],{"class":105},[73,119516,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119518,587],{"class":79},[73,119520,2475],{"class":105},[73,119522,528],{"class":105},[73,119524,1646],{"class":315},[73,119526,149],{"class":105},[73,119528,2047],{"class":315},[73,119530,149],{"class":105},[73,119532,4194],{"class":315},[73,119534,229],{"class":105},[73,119536,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119538,119496],{"class":79},[73,119540,579],{"class":114},[73,119542,29181],{"class":105},[73,119544,528],{"class":105},[73,119546,1646],{"class":315},[73,119548,149],{"class":105},[73,119550,2047],{"class":315},[73,119552,149],{"class":105},[73,119554,4194],{"class":315},[73,119556,229],{"class":105},[20,119558,10305],{},[30,119560,119561,119566],{},[33,119562,119563,119565],{},[15,119564,73806],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119567,119568,119570],{},[15,119569,63693],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[59,119572,4551,119574],{"id":119573},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119575,73806],{},[20,119577,121,119578,10193],{},[15,119579,73806],{},[30,119581,119582,119585,119587,119590],{},[33,119583,119584],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119586,118354],{},[33,119588,119589],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119591,119592],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[292,119594,119596],{"id":119595},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[64,119598,119600],{"className":66,"code":119599,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119601,119602,119626,119630,119644,119648,119658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119603,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119605,523],{"class":79},[73,119607,84],{"class":83},[73,119609,8828],{"class":105},[73,119611,2095],{"class":315},[73,119613,149],{"class":105},[73,119615,5084],{"class":315},[73,119617,149],{"class":105},[73,119619,414],{"class":315},[73,119621,149],{"class":105},[73,119623,409],{"class":315},[73,119625,854],{"class":105},[73,119627,119628],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119629,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119631,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119633,1819],{"class":79},[73,119635,84],{"class":83},[73,119637,73940],{"class":101},[73,119639,106],{"class":105},[73,119641,553],{"class":114},[73,119643,854],{"class":105},[73,119645,119646],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119647,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119649,119650,119652,119654,119656],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119651,102],{"class":101},[73,119653,106],{"class":105},[73,119655,1854],{"class":114},[73,119657,854],{"class":105},[73,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,119661,102],{"class":101},[73,119663,106],{"class":105},[73,119665,1271],{"class":1270},[73,119667,106],{"class":105},[73,119669,1854],{"class":114},[73,119671,118],{"class":105},[20,119673,119674],{},[55,119675,1660],{},[64,119677,119679],{"className":66,"code":119678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119680,119681,119701],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119682,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695,119697,119699],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119684,138],{"class":105},[73,119686,404],{"class":315},[73,119688,149],{"class":105},[73,119690,409],{"class":315},[73,119692,149],{"class":105},[73,119694,414],{"class":315},[73,119696,149],{"class":105},[73,119698,2047],{"class":315},[73,119700,229],{"class":105},[73,119702,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119704,2879],{"class":83},[73,119706,2882],{"class":633},[73,119708,152],{"class":87},[73,119710,7684],{"class":91},[73,119712,141],{"class":87},[73,119714,2891],{"class":83},[20,119716,1876,119717,119719,119720,817],{},[15,119718,73806],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[55,119721,7684],{},[20,119723,119724,119725,119727],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[587,119726,52150],{"href":50357}," is a helpful next step.",[59,119729,4551,119731],{"id":119730},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119732,77249],{},[20,119734,121,119735,10193],{},[15,119736,77249],{},[30,119738,119739,119742,119745,119748],{},[33,119740,119741],{},"you already have a list",[33,119743,119744],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,119746,119747],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,119749,119750],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[292,119752,119754],{"id":119753},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[64,119756,119758],{"className":66,"code":119757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119759,119760,119792,119796,119806,119810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119761,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119763,4585],{"class":79},[73,119765,84],{"class":83},[73,119767,528],{"class":105},[73,119769,384],{"class":87},[73,119771,4612],{"class":91},[73,119773,384],{"class":87},[73,119775,149],{"class":105},[73,119777,88],{"class":87},[73,119779,4594],{"class":91},[73,119781,384],{"class":87},[73,119783,149],{"class":105},[73,119785,88],{"class":87},[73,119787,4603],{"class":91},[73,119789,384],{"class":87},[73,119791,229],{"class":105},[73,119793,119794],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119795,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119797,119798,119800,119802,119804],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119799,4629],{"class":79},[73,119801,817],{"class":105},[73,119803,579],{"class":114},[73,119805,8233],{"class":105},[73,119807,119808],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119809,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119811,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119813,102],{"class":101},[73,119815,106],{"class":105},[73,119817,4629],{"class":114},[73,119819,854],{"class":105},[20,119821,119822],{},[55,119823,1660],{},[64,119825,119827],{"className":66,"code":119826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119828,119829],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119830,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119832,138],{"class":105},[73,119834,141],{"class":87},[73,119836,4594],{"class":91},[73,119838,141],{"class":87},[73,119840,149],{"class":105},[73,119842,152],{"class":87},[73,119844,4603],{"class":91},[73,119846,141],{"class":87},[73,119848,149],{"class":105},[73,119850,152],{"class":87},[73,119852,4612],{"class":91},[73,119854,141],{"class":87},[73,119856,229],{"class":105},[20,119858,119859],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119861,119862,119863,817],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[587,119864,79255],{"href":77758},[59,119866,119868,355,119870,119872],{"id":119867},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119869,72959],{},[15,119871,14439],{}," work with both",[20,119874,10182,119875,355,119877,119879],{},[15,119876,73806],{},[15,119878,77249],{}," support:",[30,119881,119882,119887],{},[33,119883,119884,119886],{},[15,119885,77473],{}," for descending order",[33,119888,119889,119892],{},[15,119890,119891],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119894,119895],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[292,119897,119899],{"id":119898},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[64,119901,119903],{"className":66,"code":119902,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119904,119905,119925,119929,119951,119955,119973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119906,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119908,523],{"class":79},[73,119910,84],{"class":83},[73,119912,528],{"class":105},[73,119914,1652],{"class":315},[73,119916,149],{"class":105},[73,119918,5084],{"class":315},[73,119920,149],{"class":105},[73,119922,409],{"class":315},[73,119924,229],{"class":105},[73,119926,119927],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,119928,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119930,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,119932,102],{"class":101},[73,119934,106],{"class":105},[73,119936,73896],{"class":101},[73,119938,106],{"class":105},[73,119940,553],{"class":114},[73,119942,149],{"class":105},[73,119944,77452],{"class":8767},[73,119946,84],{"class":83},[73,119948,3190],{"class":3438},[73,119950,118],{"class":105},[73,119952,119953],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,119954,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,119956,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,119958,553],{"class":79},[73,119960,817],{"class":105},[73,119962,579],{"class":114},[73,119964,106],{"class":105},[73,119966,72959],{"class":8767},[73,119968,84],{"class":83},[73,119970,3190],{"class":3438},[73,119972,854],{"class":105},[73,119974,119975,119977,119979,119981],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,119976,102],{"class":101},[73,119978,106],{"class":105},[73,119980,553],{"class":114},[73,119982,854],{"class":105},[20,119984,119985],{},[55,119986,1660],{},[64,119988,119990],{"className":66,"code":119989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119991,119992,120008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119995,138],{"class":105},[73,119997,1652],{"class":315},[73,119999,149],{"class":105},[73,120001,409],{"class":315},[73,120003,149],{"class":105},[73,120005,5084],{"class":315},[73,120007,229],{"class":105},[73,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120011,138],{"class":105},[73,120013,1652],{"class":315},[73,120015,149],{"class":105},[73,120017,409],{"class":315},[73,120019,149],{"class":105},[73,120021,5084],{"class":315},[73,120023,229],{"class":105},[292,120025,120027],{"id":120026},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[64,120029,120031],{"className":66,"code":120030,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120032,120033,120065,120069,120095,120099,120121],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120034,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120036,3657],{"class":79},[73,120038,84],{"class":83},[73,120040,528],{"class":105},[73,120042,384],{"class":87},[73,120044,82745],{"class":91},[73,120046,384],{"class":87},[73,120048,149],{"class":105},[73,120050,88],{"class":87},[73,120052,3666],{"class":91},[73,120054,384],{"class":87},[73,120056,149],{"class":105},[73,120058,88],{"class":87},[73,120060,118219],{"class":91},[73,120062,384],{"class":87},[73,120064,229],{"class":105},[73,120066,120067],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120068,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120070,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120072,102],{"class":101},[73,120074,106],{"class":105},[73,120076,73896],{"class":101},[73,120078,106],{"class":105},[73,120080,3701],{"class":114},[73,120082,149],{"class":105},[73,120084,21179],{"class":8767},[73,120086,84],{"class":83},[73,120088,3031],{"class":1270},[73,120090,817],{"class":105},[73,120092,206],{"class":851},[73,120094,118],{"class":105},[73,120096,120097],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120098,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120100,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120102,3701],{"class":79},[73,120104,817],{"class":105},[73,120106,579],{"class":114},[73,120108,106],{"class":105},[73,120110,14439],{"class":8767},[73,120112,84],{"class":83},[73,120114,3031],{"class":1270},[73,120116,817],{"class":105},[73,120118,206],{"class":851},[73,120120,854],{"class":105},[73,120122,120123,120125,120127,120129],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,120124,102],{"class":101},[73,120126,106],{"class":105},[73,120128,3701],{"class":114},[73,120130,854],{"class":105},[20,120132,120133],{},[55,120134,1660],{},[64,120136,120138],{"className":66,"code":120137,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120139,120140,120168],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120141,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120143,138],{"class":105},[73,120145,141],{"class":87},[73,120147,3666],{"class":91},[73,120149,141],{"class":87},[73,120151,149],{"class":105},[73,120153,152],{"class":87},[73,120155,82745],{"class":91},[73,120157,141],{"class":87},[73,120159,149],{"class":105},[73,120161,152],{"class":87},[73,120163,118219],{"class":91},[73,120165,141],{"class":87},[73,120167,229],{"class":105},[73,120169,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120171,138],{"class":105},[73,120173,141],{"class":87},[73,120175,3666],{"class":91},[73,120177,141],{"class":87},[73,120179,149],{"class":105},[73,120181,152],{"class":87},[73,120183,82745],{"class":91},[73,120185,141],{"class":87},[73,120187,149],{"class":105},[73,120189,152],{"class":87},[73,120191,118219],{"class":91},[73,120193,141],{"class":87},[73,120195,229],{"class":105},[20,120197,438,120198,120200],{},[15,120199,77967],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120202,120203,120204,817],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[587,120205,120207],{"href":120206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[59,120209,120211],{"id":120210},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120213,120214],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[292,120216,120218,120219,12193],{"id":120217},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120220,77249],{},[20,120222,120223],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[64,120225,120227],{"className":66,"code":120226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120228,120229,120249,120253,120267,120271,120281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120230,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120232,523],{"class":79},[73,120234,84],{"class":83},[73,120236,528],{"class":105},[73,120238,1652],{"class":315},[73,120240,149],{"class":105},[73,120242,5084],{"class":315},[73,120244,149],{"class":105},[73,120246,409],{"class":315},[73,120248,229],{"class":105},[73,120250,120251],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120252,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120256,1819],{"class":79},[73,120258,84],{"class":83},[73,120260,3851],{"class":79},[73,120262,817],{"class":105},[73,120264,579],{"class":114},[73,120266,8233],{"class":105},[73,120268,120269],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120270,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120272,120273,120275,120277,120279],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120274,102],{"class":101},[73,120276,106],{"class":105},[73,120278,1854],{"class":114},[73,120280,854],{"class":105},[73,120282,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,120284,102],{"class":101},[73,120286,106],{"class":105},[73,120288,553],{"class":114},[73,120290,854],{"class":105},[20,120292,120293],{},[55,120294,1660],{},[64,120296,120297],{"className":66,"code":78590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,120298,120299,120303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120300,120301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120302,11403],{"class":3438},[73,120304,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120306,138],{"class":105},[73,120308,404],{"class":315},[73,120310,149],{"class":105},[73,120312,409],{"class":315},[73,120314,149],{"class":105},[73,120316,414],{"class":315},[73,120318,229],{"class":105},[20,120320,11495],{},[30,120322,120323,120328,120333],{},[33,120324,120325,120327],{},[15,120326,119330],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120329,803,120330,120332],{},[55,120331,806],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120334,89369,120335,41529,120337],{},[15,120336,1854],{},[15,120338,3364],{},[292,120340,120342,120343,120345],{"id":120341},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120344,73806],{}," to change the original list",[64,120347,120349],{"className":66,"code":120348,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120350,120351,120371,120375,120385,120389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120352,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120354,523],{"class":79},[73,120356,84],{"class":83},[73,120358,528],{"class":105},[73,120360,1652],{"class":315},[73,120362,149],{"class":105},[73,120364,5084],{"class":315},[73,120366,149],{"class":105},[73,120368,409],{"class":315},[73,120370,229],{"class":105},[73,120372,120373],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120374,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120378,73896],{"class":101},[73,120380,106],{"class":105},[73,120382,553],{"class":114},[73,120384,854],{"class":105},[73,120386,120387],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120388,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120390,120391,120393,120395,120397],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120392,102],{"class":101},[73,120394,106],{"class":105},[73,120396,553],{"class":114},[73,120398,854],{"class":105},[20,120400,120401],{},[55,120402,1660],{},[64,120404,120405],{"className":66,"code":118551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,120406,120407],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120408,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120410,138],{"class":105},[73,120412,1652],{"class":315},[73,120414,149],{"class":105},[73,120416,5084],{"class":315},[73,120418,149],{"class":105},[73,120420,409],{"class":315},[73,120422,229],{"class":105},[20,120424,120425,120428],{},[15,120426,120427],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120430,10400],{},[64,120432,120434],{"className":66,"code":120433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120435,120436,120456,120460,120474,120478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120439,523],{"class":79},[73,120441,84],{"class":83},[73,120443,528],{"class":105},[73,120445,1652],{"class":315},[73,120447,149],{"class":105},[73,120449,5084],{"class":315},[73,120451,149],{"class":105},[73,120453,409],{"class":315},[73,120455,229],{"class":105},[73,120457,120458],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120459,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120461,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120463,55021],{"class":79},[73,120465,84],{"class":83},[73,120467,73940],{"class":101},[73,120469,106],{"class":105},[73,120471,553],{"class":114},[73,120473,854],{"class":105},[73,120475,120476],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120477,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120479,120480,120482,120484,120486],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120481,102],{"class":101},[73,120483,106],{"class":105},[73,120485,55040],{"class":114},[73,120487,854],{"class":105},[292,120489,120491,120492,120494],{"id":120490},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120493,63693],{}," on a tuple or string",[64,120496,120497],{"className":66,"code":78692,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,120498,120499,120511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120502,461],{"class":79},[73,120504,84],{"class":83},[73,120506,88],{"class":87},[73,120508,68],{"class":91},[73,120510,95],{"class":87},[73,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120514,482],{"class":79},[73,120516,817],{"class":105},[73,120518,579],{"class":114},[73,120520,8233],{"class":105},[20,120522,120523,120524,33198],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120525,63693],{},[20,120527,120528,120530],{},[15,120529,63693],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120532,120533,120534,120536,120537,817],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120535,73806],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[587,120538,4727],{"href":5173},[292,120540,120542,120543,118588],{"id":120541},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120544,73806],{},[64,120546,120548],{"className":66,"code":120547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120549,120550,120563,120577,120581,120591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120551,120552,120554,120556,120558,120561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120553,461],{"class":79},[73,120555,84],{"class":83},[73,120557,88],{"class":87},[73,120559,120560],{"class":91},"cab",[73,120562,95],{"class":87},[73,120564,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120566,1819],{"class":79},[73,120568,84],{"class":83},[73,120570,73940],{"class":101},[73,120572,106],{"class":105},[73,120574,482],{"class":114},[73,120576,854],{"class":105},[73,120578,120579],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120580,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,120582,120583,120585,120587,120589],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120584,102],{"class":101},[73,120586,106],{"class":105},[73,120588,1854],{"class":114},[73,120590,854],{"class":105},[73,120592,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120594,102],{"class":101},[73,120596,106],{"class":105},[73,120598,1271],{"class":1270},[73,120600,106],{"class":105},[73,120602,1854],{"class":114},[73,120604,118],{"class":105},[20,120606,120607],{},[55,120608,1660],{},[64,120610,120612],{"className":66,"code":120611,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120613,120614,120642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120617,138],{"class":105},[73,120619,141],{"class":87},[73,120621,587],{"class":91},[73,120623,141],{"class":87},[73,120625,149],{"class":105},[73,120627,152],{"class":87},[73,120629,4350],{"class":91},[73,120631,141],{"class":87},[73,120633,149],{"class":105},[73,120635,152],{"class":87},[73,120637,9332],{"class":91},[73,120639,141],{"class":87},[73,120641,229],{"class":105},[73,120643,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120645,2879],{"class":83},[73,120647,2882],{"class":633},[73,120649,152],{"class":87},[73,120651,7684],{"class":91},[73,120653,141],{"class":87},[73,120655,2891],{"class":83},[20,120657,120658],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[59,120660,113109],{"id":113108},[20,120662,120663],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,120665,120666,120669,120674,120679,120685],{},[33,120667,120668],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,120670,120671,120672,53023],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120673,63693],{},[33,120675,120676,120677,12193],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120678,77249],{},[33,120680,120681,120682,120684],{},"trying to use ",[15,120683,63693],{}," on non-list data types",[33,120686,49883,120687,120689],{},[15,120688,73806],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120691,120692],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,120694,120696],{"className":66,"code":120695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120697,120698,120708,120722,120747,120762,120772],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120699,120700,120702,120704,120706],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120701,102],{"class":101},[73,120703,106],{"class":105},[73,120705,7930],{"class":114},[73,120707,854],{"class":105},[73,120709,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,120711,102],{"class":101},[73,120713,106],{"class":105},[73,120715,73896],{"class":101},[73,120717,106],{"class":105},[73,120719,7930],{"class":114},[73,120721,118],{"class":105},[73,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120739,120741,120743,120745],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,120725,1819],{"class":79},[73,120727,84],{"class":83},[73,120729,7987],{"class":79},[73,120731,817],{"class":105},[73,120733,579],{"class":114},[73,120735,6956],{"class":105},[73,120737,120738],{"class":79},"; ",[73,120740,102],{"class":101},[73,120742,106],{"class":105},[73,120744,1854],{"class":114},[73,120746,854],{"class":105},[73,120748,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120760],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,120750,102],{"class":101},[73,120752,106],{"class":105},[73,120754,1271],{"class":1270},[73,120756,106],{"class":105},[73,120758,120759],{"class":114},"my_data",[73,120761,118],{"class":105},[73,120763,120764,120766,120768,120770],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,120765,842],{"class":101},[73,120767,106],{"class":105},[73,120769,73896],{"class":101},[73,120771,854],{"class":105},[73,120773,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,120775,842],{"class":101},[73,120777,106],{"class":105},[73,120779,7684],{"class":1270},[73,120781,817],{"class":105},[73,120783,579],{"class":851},[73,120785,854],{"class":105},[20,120787,83755],{},[30,120789,120790,120793,120797,120805],{},[33,120791,120792],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,120794,25616,120795,11300],{},[15,120796,73806],{},[33,120798,120799,120800,120802,120803],{},"whether ",[15,120801,63693],{}," returned ",[15,120804,3364],{},[33,120806,120807],{},"what type of object you are working with",[59,120809,120811],{"id":120810},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120813,120814],{},"Use this rule:",[30,120816,120817,120825],{},[33,120818,120819,120820,120822,120823],{},"Need a ",[55,120821,118913],{},": use ",[15,120824,73806],{},[33,120826,120827,120828,120822,120831],{},"Need to ",[55,120829,120830],{},"change one list directly",[15,120832,77249],{},[20,120834,120835,120836,120838],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120837,73806],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[59,120840,1405],{"id":1404},[292,120842,120844,120845,2468,120847,1424],{"id":120843},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120846,73806],{},[15,120848,77249],{},[20,120850,120851,120853],{},[15,120852,73806],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[292,120855,4747,120857,4750,120859,1424],{"id":120856},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120858,77249],{},[15,120860,3364],{},[20,120862,120863],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[292,120865,1446,120867,120869],{"id":120866},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120868,73806],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120871,120872],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[292,120874,27925,120876,120878],{"id":120875},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120877,63693],{}," on a string?",[20,120880,45741,120881,120883,120884,39302],{},[15,120882,63693],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120885,120886],{},"sorted(string)",[292,120888,11414,120890,355,120892,120894],{"id":120889},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120891,73806],{},[15,120893,63693],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120896,120897,120898,817],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120899,77473],{},[59,120901,1461],{"id":1460},[30,120903,120904,120910,120916,120920,120924],{},[33,120905,120906],{},[587,120907,13,120908,1470],{"href":73903},[15,120909,73806],{},[33,120911,120912],{},[587,120913,13,120914,10333],{"href":74157},[15,120915,77249],{},[33,120917,120918],{},[587,120919,79255],{"href":77758},[33,120921,120922],{},[587,120923,120207],{"href":120206},[33,120925,120926],{},[587,120927,52150],{"href":50357},[1500,120929,120930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":120932},[120933,120934,120935,120939,120943,120946,120950,120954,120959,120969,120970,120971,120983],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":119001,"depth":98,"text":119002},{"id":117104,"depth":98,"text":118826,"children":120936},[120937],{"id":119068,"depth":332,"text":120938},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77315,"depth":98,"text":79277,"children":120940},[120941],{"id":119245,"depth":332,"text":120942},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119341,"depth":98,"text":119342,"children":120944},[120945],{"id":119367,"depth":332,"text":119368},{"id":119573,"depth":98,"text":120947,"children":120948},"When to use sorted()",[120949],{"id":119595,"depth":332,"text":119596},{"id":119730,"depth":98,"text":120951,"children":120952},"When to use list.sort()",[120953],{"id":119753,"depth":332,"text":119754},{"id":119867,"depth":98,"text":120955,"children":120956},"reverse and key work with both",[120957,120958],{"id":119898,"depth":332,"text":119899},{"id":120026,"depth":332,"text":120027},{"id":120210,"depth":98,"text":120211,"children":120960},[120961,120963,120965,120967],{"id":120217,"depth":332,"text":120962},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120341,"depth":332,"text":120964},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120490,"depth":332,"text":120966},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120541,"depth":332,"text":120968},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113108,"depth":98,"text":113109},{"id":120810,"depth":98,"text":120811},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":120972},[120973,120975,120977,120979,120981],{"id":120843,"depth":332,"text":120974},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120856,"depth":332,"text":120976},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120866,"depth":332,"text":120978},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120875,"depth":332,"text":120980},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120889,"depth":332,"text":120982},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118872,"description":120984},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120990,"title":41550,"body":120991,"description":122723,"extension":1552,"meta":122724,"navigation":335,"path":122725,"seo":122726,"stem":122727,"__hash__":122728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120992,"toc":122680},[120993,120998,121003,121009,121011,121066,121070,121093,121098,121103,121108,121110,121141,121144,121158,121160,121162,121177,121182,121186,121189,121240,121244,121258,121265,121269,121273,121328,121332,121355,121359,121415,121419,121442,121446,121501,121505,121528,121532,121599,121603,121638,121644,121649,121654,121656,121670,121672,121746,121750,121770,121775,121782,121785,121797,121799,121868,121872,121909,121912,121937,121944,121953,121956,121968,121974,121980,121982,121988,121993,122072,122076,122117,122121,122123,122150,122153,122176,122179,122185,122188,122225,122237,122244,122246,122297,122300,122332,122335,122337,122344,122346,122361,122363,122420,122424,122448,122450,122455,122471,122478,122482,122485,122568,122578,122580,122585,122588,122594,122597,122603,122606,122612,122615,122622,122630,122632,122677],[10,120994,13,120996,18],{"id":120995},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120997,47060],{},[20,120999,22,121000,121002],{},[15,121001,47060],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121004,121005,121006,121008],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121007,47060],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[59,121010,62],{"id":61},[64,121012,121014],{"className":66,"code":121013,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121015,121016,121024,121038,121042,121052],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121017,121018,121020,121022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121019,21227],{"class":79},[73,121021,84],{"class":83},[73,121023,44601],{"class":315},[73,121025,121026,121028,121030,121032,121034,121036],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121027,461],{"class":79},[73,121029,84],{"class":83},[73,121031,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121033,106],{"class":105},[73,121035,8891],{"class":114},[73,121037,854],{"class":105},[73,121039,121040],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121041,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121043,121044,121046,121048,121050],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121045,102],{"class":101},[73,121047,106],{"class":105},[73,121049,482],{"class":114},[73,121051,854],{"class":105},[73,121053,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121055,102],{"class":101},[73,121057,106],{"class":105},[73,121059,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121061,106],{"class":105},[73,121063,482],{"class":114},[73,121065,118],{"class":105},[20,121067,121068],{},[55,121069,1660],{},[64,121071,121073],{"className":66,"code":121072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121074,121075,121079],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121076,121077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121078,2299],{"class":315},[73,121080,121081,121083,121085,121087,121089,121091],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121082,2879],{"class":83},[73,121084,2882],{"class":633},[73,121086,152],{"class":87},[73,121088,3031],{"class":91},[73,121090,141],{"class":87},[73,121092,2891],{"class":83},[20,121094,121,121095,121097],{},[15,121096,47060],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[59,121099,236,121101,239],{"id":121100},"what-str-does",[15,121102,47060],{},[20,121104,121105,121107],{},[15,121106,47060],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121109,1697],{},[30,121111,121112,121119,121126,121133],{},[33,121113,121114,121115,41529,121117],{},"An integer like ",[15,121116,1920],{},[15,121118,41500],{},[33,121120,121121,121122,41529,121124],{},"A float like ",[15,121123,39516],{},[15,121125,47471],{},[33,121127,121128,121129,41529,121131],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121130,3190],{},[15,121132,6231],{},[33,121134,121135,121136,41529,121138],{},"A list like ",[15,121137,74628],{},[15,121139,121140],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121142,121143],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121145,121146,121149,121152,121155],{},[33,121147,121148],{},"print it",[33,121150,121151],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121153,121154],{},"save it to a file",[33,121156,121157],{},"use it in messages",[59,121159,285],{"id":284},[20,121161,6808],{},[64,121163,121165],{"className":66,"code":121164,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"str(object)\n",[15,121166,121167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121170,3031],{"class":1270},[73,121172,106],{"class":105},[73,121174,41773],{"class":1270},[73,121176,854],{"class":105},[20,121178,20370,121179,121181],{},[15,121180,41773],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121183,121184,7816],{},[15,121185,47060],{},[20,121187,121188],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[64,121190,121192],{"className":66,"code":121191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121193,121194,121203,121226,121230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121195,121196,121198,121200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121197,4686],{"class":79},[73,121199,84],{"class":83},[73,121201,121202],{"class":315}," 100\n",[73,121204,121205,121207,121209,121211,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121206,89389],{"class":79},[73,121208,84],{"class":83},[73,121210,88],{"class":87},[73,121212,121213],{"class":91},"Your score is ",[73,121215,384],{"class":87},[73,121217,2044],{"class":83},[73,121219,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121221,106],{"class":105},[73,121223,84902],{"class":114},[73,121225,854],{"class":105},[73,121227,121228],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121229,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121231,121232,121234,121236,121238],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121233,102],{"class":101},[73,121235,106],{"class":105},[73,121237,89406],{"class":114},[73,121239,854],{"class":105},[20,121241,121242],{},[55,121243,1660],{},[64,121245,121247],{"className":66,"code":121246,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121248,121249],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121250,121251,121254,121256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121252,121253],{"class":79},"Your score ",[73,121255,11789],{"class":83},[73,121257,121202],{"class":315},[20,121259,1886,121260,121264],{},[587,121261,121262,1892],{"href":1889},[15,121263,592],{}," can help you check.",[59,121266,121268],{"id":121267},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[292,121270,121272],{"id":121271},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[64,121274,121276],{"className":66,"code":121275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121277,121278,121286,121300,121304,121314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121279,121280,121282,121284],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121281,1806],{"class":79},[73,121283,84],{"class":83},[73,121285,316],{"class":315},[73,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121289,461],{"class":79},[73,121291,84],{"class":83},[73,121293,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121295,106],{"class":105},[73,121297,1829],{"class":114},[73,121299,854],{"class":105},[73,121301,121302],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121303,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121305,121306,121308,121310,121312],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121307,102],{"class":101},[73,121309,106],{"class":105},[73,121311,482],{"class":114},[73,121313,854],{"class":105},[73,121315,121316,121318,121320,121322,121324,121326],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121317,102],{"class":101},[73,121319,106],{"class":105},[73,121321,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121323,106],{"class":105},[73,121325,482],{"class":114},[73,121327,118],{"class":105},[20,121329,121330],{},[55,121331,1660],{},[64,121333,121335],{"className":66,"code":121334,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121336,121337,121341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121338,121339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121340,1966],{"class":315},[73,121342,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121344,2879],{"class":83},[73,121346,2882],{"class":633},[73,121348,152],{"class":87},[73,121350,3031],{"class":91},[73,121352,141],{"class":87},[73,121354,2891],{"class":83},[292,121356,121358],{"id":121357},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[64,121360,121362],{"className":66,"code":121361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121363,121364,121373,121387,121391,121401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121365,121366,121368,121370],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121367,39760],{"class":79},[73,121369,84],{"class":83},[73,121371,121372],{"class":315}," 3.14\n",[73,121374,121375,121377,121379,121381,121383,121385],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121376,461],{"class":79},[73,121378,84],{"class":83},[73,121380,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121382,106],{"class":105},[73,121384,24749],{"class":114},[73,121386,854],{"class":105},[73,121388,121389],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121390,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121392,121393,121395,121397,121399],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121394,102],{"class":101},[73,121396,106],{"class":105},[73,121398,482],{"class":114},[73,121400,854],{"class":105},[73,121402,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121404,102],{"class":101},[73,121406,106],{"class":105},[73,121408,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121410,106],{"class":105},[73,121412,482],{"class":114},[73,121414,118],{"class":105},[20,121416,121417],{},[55,121418,1660],{},[64,121420,121422],{"className":66,"code":121421,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121423,121424,121428],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121425,121426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121427,39550],{"class":315},[73,121429,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121431,2879],{"class":83},[73,121433,2882],{"class":633},[73,121435,152],{"class":87},[73,121437,3031],{"class":91},[73,121439,141],{"class":87},[73,121441,2891],{"class":83},[292,121443,121445],{"id":121444},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[64,121447,121449],{"className":66,"code":121448,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121450,121451,121459,121473,121477,121487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121452,121453,121455,121457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121454,2037],{"class":79},[73,121456,84],{"class":83},[73,121458,6012],{"class":3438},[73,121460,121461,121463,121465,121467,121469,121471],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121462,461],{"class":79},[73,121464,84],{"class":83},[73,121466,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121468,106],{"class":105},[73,121470,2063],{"class":114},[73,121472,854],{"class":105},[73,121474,121475],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121476,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121480,102],{"class":101},[73,121482,106],{"class":105},[73,121484,482],{"class":114},[73,121486,854],{"class":105},[73,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121490,102],{"class":101},[73,121492,106],{"class":105},[73,121494,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121496,106],{"class":105},[73,121498,482],{"class":114},[73,121500,118],{"class":105},[20,121502,121503],{},[55,121504,1660],{},[64,121506,121508],{"className":66,"code":121507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121509,121510,121514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121511,121512],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121513,3566],{"class":3438},[73,121515,121516,121518,121520,121522,121524,121526],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121517,2879],{"class":83},[73,121519,2882],{"class":633},[73,121521,152],{"class":87},[73,121523,3031],{"class":91},[73,121525,141],{"class":87},[73,121527,2891],{"class":83},[292,121529,121531],{"id":121530},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[64,121533,121535],{"className":66,"code":121534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121536,121537,121557,121571,121575,121585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121538,121539,121541,121543,121545,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121540,7369],{"class":79},[73,121542,84],{"class":83},[73,121544,528],{"class":105},[73,121546,404],{"class":315},[73,121548,149],{"class":105},[73,121550,409],{"class":315},[73,121552,149],{"class":105},[73,121554,414],{"class":315},[73,121556,229],{"class":105},[73,121558,121559,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121560,461],{"class":79},[73,121562,84],{"class":83},[73,121564,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121566,106],{"class":105},[73,121568,7400],{"class":114},[73,121570,854],{"class":105},[73,121572,121573],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121574,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121576,121577,121579,121581,121583],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121578,102],{"class":101},[73,121580,106],{"class":105},[73,121582,482],{"class":114},[73,121584,854],{"class":105},[73,121586,121587,121589,121591,121593,121595,121597],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121588,102],{"class":101},[73,121590,106],{"class":105},[73,121592,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121594,106],{"class":105},[73,121596,482],{"class":114},[73,121598,118],{"class":105},[20,121600,121601],{},[55,121602,1660],{},[64,121604,121606],{"className":66,"code":121605,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121607,121608,121624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121609,121610,121612,121614,121616,121618,121620,121622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121611,138],{"class":105},[73,121613,404],{"class":315},[73,121615,149],{"class":105},[73,121617,409],{"class":315},[73,121619,149],{"class":105},[73,121621,414],{"class":315},[73,121623,229],{"class":105},[73,121625,121626,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121627,2879],{"class":83},[73,121629,2882],{"class":633},[73,121631,152],{"class":87},[73,121633,3031],{"class":91},[73,121635,141],{"class":87},[73,121637,2891],{"class":83},[20,121639,121640,121641,121643],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[55,121642,806],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[59,121645,4551,121647],{"id":121646},"when-to-use-str",[15,121648,47060],{},[20,121650,121,121651,121653],{},[15,121652,47060],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121655,35796],{},[30,121657,121658,121661,121664,121667],{},[33,121659,121660],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,121662,121663],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,121665,121666],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,121668,121669],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121671,714],{},[64,121673,121675],{"className":66,"code":121674,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121676,121677,121689,121697,121701,121736],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121678,121679,121681,121683,121685,121687],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121680,80],{"class":79},[73,121682,84],{"class":83},[73,121684,88],{"class":87},[73,121686,11103],{"class":91},[73,121688,95],{"class":87},[73,121690,121691,121693,121695],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121692,21227],{"class":79},[73,121694,84],{"class":83},[73,121696,44601],{"class":315},[73,121698,121699],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121700,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121702,121703,121705,121707,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719,121721,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731,121734],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121704,89389],{"class":79},[73,121706,84],{"class":83},[73,121708,35338],{"class":79},[73,121710,1649],{"class":83},[73,121712,88],{"class":87},[73,121714,4373],{"class":91},[73,121716,384],{"class":87},[73,121718,2044],{"class":83},[73,121720,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121722,106],{"class":105},[73,121724,8891],{"class":114},[73,121726,3246],{"class":105},[73,121728,2044],{"class":83},[73,121730,88],{"class":87},[73,121732,121733],{"class":91}," years old.",[73,121735,95],{"class":87},[73,121737,121738,121740,121742,121744],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121739,102],{"class":101},[73,121741,106],{"class":105},[73,121743,89406],{"class":114},[73,121745,854],{"class":105},[20,121747,121748],{},[55,121749,1660],{},[64,121751,121753],{"className":66,"code":121752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121754,121755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121756,121757,121760,121762,121764,121767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121758,121759],{"class":79},"Maya ",[73,121761,11789],{"class":83},[73,121763,8898],{"class":315},[73,121765,121766],{"class":79}," years old",[73,121768,121769],{"class":105},".\n",[20,121771,121772,121773,817],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[587,121774,89075],{"href":89074},[59,121776,121778,1011,121780],{"id":121777},"str-vs-print",[15,121779,47060],{},[15,121781,45828],{},[20,121783,121784],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,121786,121787,121792],{},[33,121788,121789,121791],{},[15,121790,47060],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,121793,121794,121796],{},[15,121795,45828],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121798,714],{},[64,121800,121802],{"className":66,"code":121801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121803,121804,121812,121816,121830,121840,121854],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121805,121806,121808,121810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121807,2037],{"class":79},[73,121809,84],{"class":83},[73,121811,2359],{"class":315},[73,121813,121814],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121815,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,121817,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121819,461],{"class":79},[73,121821,84],{"class":83},[73,121823,48281],{"class":1270},[73,121825,106],{"class":105},[73,121827,2063],{"class":114},[73,121829,854],{"class":105},[73,121831,121832,121834,121836,121838],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,121833,102],{"class":101},[73,121835,106],{"class":105},[73,121837,482],{"class":114},[73,121839,854],{"class":105},[73,121841,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,121843,102],{"class":101},[73,121845,106],{"class":105},[73,121847,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121849,106],{"class":105},[73,121851,482],{"class":114},[73,121853,118],{"class":105},[73,121855,121856,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,121857,102],{"class":101},[73,121859,106],{"class":105},[73,121861,1271],{"class":1270},[73,121863,106],{"class":105},[73,121865,2063],{"class":114},[73,121867,118],{"class":105},[20,121869,121870],{},[55,121871,1660],{},[64,121873,121875],{"className":66,"code":121874,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121876,121877,121881,121895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121878,121879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121880,45988],{"class":315},[73,121882,121883,121885,121887,121889,121891,121893],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,121884,2879],{"class":83},[73,121886,2882],{"class":633},[73,121888,152],{"class":87},[73,121890,3031],{"class":91},[73,121892,141],{"class":87},[73,121894,2891],{"class":83},[73,121896,121897,121899,121901,121903,121905,121907],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,121898,2879],{"class":83},[73,121900,2882],{"class":633},[73,121902,152],{"class":87},[73,121904,1778],{"class":91},[73,121906,141],{"class":87},[73,121908,2891],{"class":83},[20,121910,121911],{},"Notice:",[30,121913,121914,121920,121925],{},[33,121915,121916,121919],{},[15,121917,121918],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,121921,121922,121924],{},[15,121923,45828],{}," only displayed values",[33,121926,121927,121929,121930,121932,121933,60682,121935],{},[15,121928,45828],{}," did not change ",[15,121931,2063],{}," from ",[15,121934,1778],{},[15,121936,3031],{},[20,121938,121939,121940,817],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[587,121941,121942,1892],{"href":45825},[15,121943,45828],{},[59,121945,121947,1011,121949,121952],{"id":121946},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121948,47060],{},[15,121950,121951],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121954,121955],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,121957,121958,121963],{},[33,121959,121960,121962],{},[15,121961,47060],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,121964,121965,121967],{},[15,121966,121951],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121969,121970,121971,121973],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121972,47060],{}," much more often.",[20,121975,121976,121977,121979],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121978,47060],{}," is usually the right choice.",[59,121981,4107],{"id":4106},[292,121983,25371,121985,121987],{"id":121984},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121986,47060],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121989,121990,121992],{},[15,121991,47060],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[64,121994,121996],{"className":66,"code":121995,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121997,121998,122006,122020,122024,122034,122048,122058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121999,122000,122002,122004],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122001,21227],{"class":79},[73,122003,84],{"class":83},[73,122005,44601],{"class":315},[73,122007,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016,122018],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122009,461],{"class":79},[73,122011,84],{"class":83},[73,122013,48281],{"class":1270},[73,122015,106],{"class":105},[73,122017,8891],{"class":114},[73,122019,854],{"class":105},[73,122021,122022],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122023,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,122025,122026,122028,122030,122032],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,122027,102],{"class":101},[73,122029,106],{"class":105},[73,122031,8891],{"class":114},[73,122033,854],{"class":105},[73,122035,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,122037,102],{"class":101},[73,122039,106],{"class":105},[73,122041,1271],{"class":1270},[73,122043,106],{"class":105},[73,122045,8891],{"class":114},[73,122047,118],{"class":105},[73,122049,122050,122052,122054,122056],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,122051,102],{"class":101},[73,122053,106],{"class":105},[73,122055,482],{"class":114},[73,122057,854],{"class":105},[73,122059,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,122061,102],{"class":101},[73,122063,106],{"class":105},[73,122065,1271],{"class":1270},[73,122067,106],{"class":105},[73,122069,482],{"class":114},[73,122071,118],{"class":105},[20,122073,122074],{},[55,122075,1660],{},[64,122077,122079],{"className":66,"code":122078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122080,122081,122085,122099,122103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122082,122083],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122084,2299],{"class":315},[73,122086,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122088,2879],{"class":83},[73,122090,2882],{"class":633},[73,122092,152],{"class":87},[73,122094,1778],{"class":91},[73,122096,141],{"class":87},[73,122098,2891],{"class":83},[73,122100,122101],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122102,2299],{"class":315},[73,122104,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,122106,2879],{"class":83},[73,122108,2882],{"class":633},[73,122110,152],{"class":87},[73,122112,3031],{"class":91},[73,122114,141],{"class":87},[73,122116,2891],{"class":83},[292,122118,122120],{"id":122119},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122122,6278],{},[64,122124,122126],{"className":66,"code":122125,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122127,122128,122136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122129,122130,122132,122134],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122131,21227],{"class":79},[73,122133,84],{"class":83},[73,122135,44601],{"class":315},[73,122137,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122139,461],{"class":79},[73,122141,84],{"class":83},[73,122143,48281],{"class":1270},[73,122145,106],{"class":105},[73,122147,8891],{"class":114},[73,122149,854],{"class":105},[20,122151,122152],{},"But if you only do this:",[64,122154,122156],{"className":66,"code":122155,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122157,122158,122166],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122159,122160,122162,122164],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122161,21227],{"class":79},[73,122163,84],{"class":83},[73,122165,44601],{"class":315},[73,122167,122168,122170,122172,122174],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122169,3031],{"class":1270},[73,122171,106],{"class":105},[73,122173,8891],{"class":114},[73,122175,854],{"class":105},[20,122177,122178],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[292,122180,438,122182,122184],{"id":122181},"using-str-too-early",[15,122183,47060],{}," too early",[20,122186,122187],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[64,122189,122191],{"className":66,"code":122190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122192,122193,122201,122216,122220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122194,122195,122197,122199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122196,39760],{"class":79},[73,122198,84],{"class":83},[73,122200,316],{"class":315},[73,122202,122203,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122204,122205],{"class":79},"text_price ",[73,122207,84],{"class":83},[73,122209,48281],{"class":1270},[73,122211,106],{"class":105},[73,122213,24749],{"class":114},[73,122215,854],{"class":105},[73,122217,122218],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122219,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,122221,122222],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,122223,122224],{"class":3249},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122226,122227,122228,2468,122232,122236],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[587,122229,122230],{"href":2464},[15,122231,2467],{},[587,122233,122234],{"href":2471},[15,122235,2474],{},", depending on the situation.",[292,122238,8044,122240,122243],{"id":122239},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122241,122242],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122245,64025],{},[64,122247,122249],{"className":66,"code":122248,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122250,122251,122283],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122252,122253,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122254,7369],{"class":79},[73,122256,84],{"class":83},[73,122258,528],{"class":105},[73,122260,384],{"class":87},[73,122262,3666],{"class":91},[73,122264,384],{"class":87},[73,122266,149],{"class":105},[73,122268,88],{"class":87},[73,122270,3675],{"class":91},[73,122272,384],{"class":87},[73,122274,149],{"class":105},[73,122276,88],{"class":87},[73,122278,32818],{"class":91},[73,122280,384],{"class":87},[73,122282,229],{"class":105},[73,122284,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122286,102],{"class":101},[73,122288,106],{"class":105},[73,122290,3031],{"class":1270},[73,122292,106],{"class":105},[73,122294,7400],{"class":114},[73,122296,118],{"class":105},[20,122298,122299],{},"prints:",[64,122301,122302],{"className":66,"code":72218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,122303,122304],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122305,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122307,138],{"class":105},[73,122309,141],{"class":87},[73,122311,3666],{"class":91},[73,122313,141],{"class":87},[73,122315,149],{"class":105},[73,122317,152],{"class":87},[73,122319,3675],{"class":91},[73,122321,141],{"class":87},[73,122323,149],{"class":105},[73,122325,152],{"class":87},[73,122327,32818],{"class":91},[73,122329,141],{"class":87},[73,122331,229],{"class":105},[20,122333,122334],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[59,122336,17017],{"id":17016},[20,122338,122339,21574,122341,817],{},[15,122340,47060],{},[55,122342,122343],{},"new string",[20,122345,261],{},[30,122347,122348,122351,122354],{},[33,122349,122350],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122352,122353],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122355,7352,122356,122360],{},[587,122357,122358],{"href":1889},[15,122359,592],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122362,714],{},[64,122364,122366],{"className":66,"code":122365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122367,122368,122376,122391,122395,122406],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122369,122370,122372,122374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122371,2037],{"class":79},[73,122373,84],{"class":83},[73,122375,13728],{"class":315},[73,122377,122378,122381,122383,122385,122387,122389],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122379,122380],{"class":79},"converted ",[73,122382,84],{"class":83},[73,122384,48281],{"class":1270},[73,122386,106],{"class":105},[73,122388,2063],{"class":114},[73,122390,854],{"class":105},[73,122392,122393],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122394,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,122396,122397,122399,122401,122404],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,122398,102],{"class":101},[73,122400,106],{"class":105},[73,122402,122403],{"class":114},"converted",[73,122405,854],{"class":105},[73,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,122409,102],{"class":101},[73,122411,106],{"class":105},[73,122413,1271],{"class":1270},[73,122415,106],{"class":105},[73,122417,122403],{"class":114},[73,122419,118],{"class":105},[20,122421,122422],{},[55,122423,1660],{},[64,122425,122427],{"className":66,"code":122426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122428,122429,122434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122430,122431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122432,122433],{"class":315},"99\n",[73,122435,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122437,2879],{"class":83},[73,122439,2882],{"class":633},[73,122441,152],{"class":87},[73,122443,3031],{"class":91},[73,122445,141],{"class":87},[73,122447,2891],{"class":83},[59,122449,113109],{"id":113108},[20,122451,122452,122453,74197],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122454,47060],{},[30,122456,122457,122460,122463,122468],{},[33,122458,122459],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122461,122462],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122464,438,122465,122467],{},[15,122466,47060],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122469,122470],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122472,122473,122474,817],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[587,122475,25276,122476],{"href":89787},[15,122477,89788],{},[59,122479,122481],{"id":122480},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122483,122484],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[64,122486,122488],{"className":66,"code":122487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122489,122490,122498,122502,122512,122526,122530,122544,122554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122491,122492,122494,122496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122493,2037],{"class":79},[73,122495,84],{"class":83},[73,122497,44601],{"class":315},[73,122499,122500],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122501,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,122503,122504,122506,122508,122510],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122505,102],{"class":101},[73,122507,106],{"class":105},[73,122509,2063],{"class":114},[73,122511,854],{"class":105},[73,122513,122514,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,122515,102],{"class":101},[73,122517,106],{"class":105},[73,122519,1271],{"class":1270},[73,122521,106],{"class":105},[73,122523,2063],{"class":114},[73,122525,118],{"class":105},[73,122527,122528],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,122529,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,122531,122532,122534,122536,122538,122540,122542],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,122533,122380],{"class":79},[73,122535,84],{"class":83},[73,122537,48281],{"class":1270},[73,122539,106],{"class":105},[73,122541,2063],{"class":114},[73,122543,854],{"class":105},[73,122545,122546,122548,122550,122552],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,122547,102],{"class":101},[73,122549,106],{"class":105},[73,122551,122403],{"class":114},[73,122553,854],{"class":105},[73,122555,122556,122558,122560,122562,122564,122566],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,122557,102],{"class":101},[73,122559,106],{"class":105},[73,122561,1271],{"class":1270},[73,122563,106],{"class":105},[73,122565,122403],{"class":114},[73,122567,118],{"class":105},[20,122569,122570,122571,995,122573,122575,122576,817],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122572,1778],{},[15,122574,1781],{},", or another type into ",[15,122577,3031],{},[59,122579,1405],{"id":1404},[292,122581,1409,122583,1412],{"id":122582},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122584,47060],{},[20,122586,122587],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[292,122589,12300,122591,122593],{"id":122590},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122592,47060],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122595,122596],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[292,122598,1446,122600,122602],{"id":122599},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122601,47060],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122604,122605],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[292,122607,93973,122609,122611],{"id":122608},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122610,47060],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122613,122614],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[292,122616,14501,122618,56585,122620,1424],{"id":122617},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122619,47060],{},[15,122621,45828],{},[20,122623,45741,122624,122626,122627,122629],{},[15,122625,47060],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122628,45828],{}," shows output.",[59,122631,1461],{"id":1460},[30,122633,122634,122640,122646,122652,122658,122667,122671],{},[33,122635,122636],{},[587,122637,122638,1470],{"href":45825},[15,122639,45828],{},[33,122641,122642],{},[587,122643,122644,1470],{"href":1889},[15,122645,592],{},[33,122647,122648],{},[587,122649,122650,1470],{"href":2464},[15,122651,2467],{},[33,122653,122654],{},[587,122655,122656,1470],{"href":2471},[15,122657,2474],{},[33,122659,122660],{},[587,122661,122663,122664,122666],{"href":122662},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122665,1778],{}," to string in Python",[33,122668,122669],{},[587,122670,90065],{"href":89074},[33,122672,122673],{},[587,122674,29945,122675],{"href":89787},[15,122676,89788],{},[1500,122678,122679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":121267,"depth":98,"text":121268,"children":122687},[122688,122689,122690,122691],{"id":121271,"depth":332,"text":121272},{"id":121357,"depth":332,"text":121358},{"id":121444,"depth":332,"text":121445},{"id":121530,"depth":332,"text":121531},{"id":121646,"depth":98,"text":122693},"When to use str()",{"id":121777,"depth":98,"text":122695},"str() vs print()",{"id":121946,"depth":98,"text":122697},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":122699},[122700,122702,122703,122705],{"id":121984,"depth":332,"text":122701},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122119,"depth":332,"text":122120},{"id":122181,"depth":332,"text":122704},"Using str() too early",{"id":122239,"depth":332,"text":122706},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":113108,"depth":98,"text":113109},{"id":122480,"depth":98,"text":122481},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":122711},[122712,122714,122716,122718,122720],{"id":122582,"depth":332,"text":122713},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122590,"depth":332,"text":122715},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122599,"depth":332,"text":122717},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122608,"depth":332,"text":122719},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122617,"depth":332,"text":122721},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41550,"description":122723},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122730,"title":122731,"body":122732,"description":124185,"extension":1552,"meta":124186,"navigation":335,"path":124187,"seo":124188,"stem":124189,"__hash__":124190},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122733,"toc":124147},[122734,122740,122746,122749,122771,122773,122835,122837,122850,122856,122861,122866,122868,122881,122892,122894,122921,122923,122940,122947,122958,122960,122965,122967,122979,122987,122996,122998,123001,123054,123056,123064,123072,123076,123081,123121,123123,123131,123134,123136,123176,123178,123186,123196,123202,123205,123278,123280,123293,123297,123302,123330,123333,123368,123370,123378,123381,123385,123389,123391,123407,123409,123449,123451,123459,123468,123511,123513,123521,123523,123527,123533,123536,123576,123578,123586,123591,123594,123637,123641,123644,123679,123684,123686,123725,123735,123743,123753,123761,123765,123770,123772,123813,123815,123823,123828,123831,123834,123852,123858,123862,123867,123870,123910,123912,123917,124016,124019,124035,124037,124056,124058,124065,124068,124074,124077,124083,124087,124093,124096,124102,124105,124107,124144],[10,122735,122737,122738,10916],{"id":122736},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122739,56670],{},[20,122741,122742,122743,122745],{},"The Python string ",[15,122744,56670],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122747,122748],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,122750,122751,122755,122758,122760,122768],{},[33,122752,25616,122753,239],{},[15,122754,56670],{},[33,122756,122757],{},"its syntax",[33,122759,1197],{},[33,122761,122762,122763,355,122765,122767],{},"how ",[15,122764,35442],{},[15,122766,52039],{}," work",[33,122769,122770],{},"common beginner mistakes",[59,122772,62],{"id":61},[64,122774,122776],{"className":66,"code":122775,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122777,122778,122790,122812],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122779,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122781,461],{"class":79},[73,122783,84],{"class":83},[73,122785,88],{"class":87},[73,122787,3675],{"class":91},[73,122789,95],{"class":87},[73,122791,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122793,102],{"class":101},[73,122795,106],{"class":105},[73,122797,482],{"class":114},[73,122799,817],{"class":105},[73,122801,40633],{"class":114},[73,122803,106],{"class":105},[73,122805,384],{"class":87},[73,122807,587],{"class":91},[73,122809,384],{"class":87},[73,122811,118],{"class":105},[73,122813,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122831,122833],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,122815,102],{"class":101},[73,122817,106],{"class":105},[73,122819,482],{"class":114},[73,122821,817],{"class":105},[73,122823,40633],{"class":114},[73,122825,106],{"class":105},[73,122827,384],{"class":87},[73,122829,122830],{"class":91},"na",[73,122832,384],{"class":87},[73,122834,118],{"class":105},[20,122836,1660],{},[64,122838,122840],{"className":66,"code":122839,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n2\n",[15,122841,122842,122846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122843,122844],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122845,45993],{"class":315},[73,122847,122848],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,122849,16655],{"class":315},[20,122851,121,122852,122855],{},[15,122853,122854],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[59,122857,12593,122859,12596],{"id":122858},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122860,56670],{},[20,122862,122863,122865],{},[15,122864,56670],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122867,12649],{},[30,122869,122870,122873,122876,122878],{},[33,122871,122872],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,122874,122875],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,122877,43033],{},[33,122879,122880],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122882,122883,122884,122886,122887,995,122889,122891],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122885,17695],{}," characters are in ",[15,122888,64656],{},[15,122890,56670],{}," is a simple choice.",[59,122893,285],{"id":284},[64,122895,122897],{"className":66,"code":122896,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122898,122899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122900,122901,122903,122905,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122902,60555],{"class":79},[73,122904,817],{"class":105},[73,122906,40633],{"class":114},[73,122908,106],{"class":105},[73,122910,2063],{"class":114},[73,122912,149],{"class":105},[73,122914,35421],{"class":114},[73,122916,149],{"class":105},[73,122918,64422],{"class":114},[73,122920,854],{"class":105},[292,122922,16993],{"id":16992},[30,122924,122925,122930,122935],{},[33,122926,122927,122929],{},[15,122928,2063],{},": the text to search for",[33,122931,122932,122934],{},[15,122933,35442],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,122936,122937,122939],{},[15,122938,52039],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122941,122942,355,122944,122946],{},[15,122943,35442],{},[15,122945,52039],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,122948,122949,122954],{},[33,122950,122951,122953],{},[15,122952,35442],{}," is included",[33,122955,122956,75123],{},[15,122957,52039],{},[59,122959,17017],{"id":17016},[20,122961,122962,122964],{},[15,122963,56670],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122966,1716],{},[30,122968,122969,122974],{},[33,122970,122971,122972],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122973,1652],{},[33,122975,122976,122977],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122978,1710],{},[20,122980,40279,122981,4750,122983,2468,122985,817],{},[55,122982,806],{},[15,122984,3190],{},[15,122986,3260],{},[20,122988,122989,122990,122995],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[587,122991,122993,100983],{"href":122992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122994,3469],{}," is often a better fit.",[59,122997,11069],{"id":11068},[20,122999,123000],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[64,123002,123004],{"className":66,"code":123003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123005,123006,123018,123040,123044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123007,123008,123010,123012,123014,123016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123009,461],{"class":79},[73,123011,84],{"class":83},[73,123013,88],{"class":87},[73,123015,3666],{"class":91},[73,123017,95],{"class":87},[73,123019,123020,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123021,1819],{"class":79},[73,123023,84],{"class":83},[73,123025,42216],{"class":79},[73,123027,817],{"class":105},[73,123029,40633],{"class":114},[73,123031,106],{"class":105},[73,123033,384],{"class":87},[73,123035,20],{"class":91},[73,123037,384],{"class":87},[73,123039,854],{"class":105},[73,123041,123042],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,123043,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,123045,123046,123048,123050,123052],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,123047,102],{"class":101},[73,123049,106],{"class":105},[73,123051,1854],{"class":114},[73,123053,854],{"class":105},[20,123055,1660],{},[64,123057,123058],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123059,123060],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123061,123062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123063,16655],{"class":315},[20,123065,63201,123066,123069,123070,817],{},[15,123067,123068],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123071,57213],{},[59,123073,123075],{"id":123074},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123077,123078,123080],{},[15,123079,56670],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[64,123082,123084],{"className":66,"code":123083,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123085,123086,123099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123087,123088,123090,123092,123094,123097],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123089,461],{"class":79},[73,123091,84],{"class":83},[73,123093,88],{"class":87},[73,123095,123096],{"class":91},"cat dog cat bird cat",[73,123098,95],{"class":87},[73,123100,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109,123111,123113,123115,123117,123119],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123102,102],{"class":101},[73,123104,106],{"class":105},[73,123106,482],{"class":114},[73,123108,817],{"class":105},[73,123110,40633],{"class":114},[73,123112,106],{"class":105},[73,123114,384],{"class":87},[73,123116,36418],{"class":91},[73,123118,384],{"class":87},[73,123120,118],{"class":105},[20,123122,1660],{},[64,123124,123125],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123126,123127],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123128,123129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123130,45993],{"class":315},[20,123132,123133],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123135,714],{},[64,123137,123139],{"className":66,"code":123138,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123140,123141,123154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123142,123143,123145,123147,123149,123152],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123144,461],{"class":79},[73,123146,84],{"class":83},[73,123148,88],{"class":87},[73,123150,123151],{"class":91},"one One one",[73,123153,95],{"class":87},[73,123155,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123157,102],{"class":101},[73,123159,106],{"class":105},[73,123161,482],{"class":114},[73,123163,817],{"class":105},[73,123165,40633],{"class":114},[73,123167,106],{"class":105},[73,123169,384],{"class":87},[73,123171,6175],{"class":91},[73,123173,384],{"class":87},[73,123175,118],{"class":105},[20,123177,1660],{},[64,123179,123180],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123181,123182],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123183,123184],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123185,16655],{"class":315},[20,123187,123188,123189,123192,123193,123195],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123190,123191],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123194,56670],{}," is case-sensitive.",[59,123197,438,123198,355,123200],{"id":64788},[15,123199,35442],{},[15,123201,52039],{},[20,123203,123204],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[64,123206,123208],{"className":66,"code":123207,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123209,123210,123222,123248],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123211,123212,123214,123216,123218,123220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123213,461],{"class":79},[73,123215,84],{"class":83},[73,123217,88],{"class":87},[73,123219,3675],{"class":91},[73,123221,95],{"class":87},[73,123223,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244,123246],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123225,102],{"class":101},[73,123227,106],{"class":105},[73,123229,482],{"class":114},[73,123231,817],{"class":105},[73,123233,40633],{"class":114},[73,123235,106],{"class":105},[73,123237,384],{"class":87},[73,123239,587],{"class":91},[73,123241,384],{"class":87},[73,123243,149],{"class":105},[73,123245,409],{"class":315},[73,123247,118],{"class":105},[73,123249,123250,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,123251,102],{"class":101},[73,123253,106],{"class":105},[73,123255,482],{"class":114},[73,123257,817],{"class":105},[73,123259,40633],{"class":114},[73,123261,106],{"class":105},[73,123263,384],{"class":87},[73,123265,587],{"class":91},[73,123267,384],{"class":87},[73,123269,149],{"class":105},[73,123271,409],{"class":315},[73,123273,149],{"class":105},[73,123275,4194],{"class":315},[73,123277,118],{"class":105},[20,123279,1660],{},[64,123281,123283],{"className":66,"code":123282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n1\n",[15,123284,123285,123289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123286,123287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123288,16655],{"class":315},[73,123290,123291],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123292,46293],{"class":315},[292,123294,123296],{"id":123295},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123298,123299,123300,2475],{},"In ",[15,123301,64656],{},[30,123303,123304,123312,123320],{},[33,123305,70347,123306,123308,123309],{},[15,123307,1646],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123310,123311],{},"\"n\"",[33,123313,123314,123317,123318,75421],{},[15,123315,123316],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123319,1646],{},[33,123321,123322,123317,123325,123327,123328],{},[15,123323,123324],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123326,1646],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123329,1727],{},[20,123331,123332],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[64,123334,123336],{"className":66,"code":123335,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123337,123338,123350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123339,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123341,461],{"class":79},[73,123343,84],{"class":83},[73,123345,88],{"class":87},[73,123347,3675],{"class":91},[73,123349,95],{"class":87},[73,123351,123352,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364,123366],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123353,102],{"class":101},[73,123355,106],{"class":105},[73,123357,482],{"class":114},[73,123359,138],{"class":105},[73,123361,1646],{"class":315},[73,123363,2475],{"class":105},[73,123365,1727],{"class":315},[73,123367,3475],{"class":105},[20,123369,1660],{},[64,123371,123372],{"className":66,"code":40842,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123373,123374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123375,123376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123377,40842],{"class":79},[20,123379,123380],{},"Only that section is searched.",[59,123382,123384],{"id":123383},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123386,123387,123195],{},[15,123388,56670],{},[20,123390,1697],{},[30,123392,123393,123401],{},[33,123394,123395,355,123397,123400],{},[15,123396,17695],{},[15,123398,123399],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123402,123403,355,123405,123400],{},[15,123404,63916],{},[15,123406,89800],{},[20,123408,714],{},[64,123410,123412],{"className":66,"code":123411,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123413,123414,123427],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123417,461],{"class":79},[73,123419,84],{"class":83},[73,123421,88],{"class":87},[73,123423,123424],{"class":91},"Apple apple APPLE",[73,123426,95],{"class":87},[73,123428,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123430,102],{"class":101},[73,123432,106],{"class":105},[73,123434,482],{"class":114},[73,123436,817],{"class":105},[73,123438,40633],{"class":114},[73,123440,106],{"class":105},[73,123442,384],{"class":87},[73,123444,3666],{"class":91},[73,123446,384],{"class":87},[73,123448,118],{"class":105},[20,123450,1660],{},[64,123452,123453],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123454,123455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123456,123457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123458,46293],{"class":315},[20,123460,123461,123462,2475],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[587,123463,123465],{"href":123464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123466,123467],{},"lower()",[64,123469,123471],{"className":66,"code":123470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123472,123473,123485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123474,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123476,461],{"class":79},[73,123478,84],{"class":83},[73,123480,88],{"class":87},[73,123482,123424],{"class":91},[73,123484,95],{"class":87},[73,123486,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123488,102],{"class":101},[73,123490,106],{"class":105},[73,123492,482],{"class":114},[73,123494,817],{"class":105},[73,123496,206],{"class":114},[73,123498,8228],{"class":105},[73,123500,40633],{"class":114},[73,123502,106],{"class":105},[73,123504,384],{"class":87},[73,123506,3666],{"class":91},[73,123508,384],{"class":87},[73,123510,118],{"class":105},[20,123512,1660],{},[64,123514,123515],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123516,123517],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123518,123519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123520,45993],{"class":315},[59,123522,1207],{"id":1206},[20,123524,22694,123525,817],{},[15,123526,56670],{},[292,123528,8044,123530,123532],{"id":123529},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123531,56670],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123534,123535],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[64,123537,123539],{"className":66,"code":123538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123540,123541,123554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123542,123543,123545,123547,123549,123552],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123544,461],{"class":79},[73,123546,84],{"class":83},[73,123548,88],{"class":87},[73,123550,123551],{"class":91},"Aardvark",[73,123553,95],{"class":87},[73,123555,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568,123570,123572,123574],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123557,102],{"class":101},[73,123559,106],{"class":105},[73,123561,482],{"class":114},[73,123563,817],{"class":105},[73,123565,40633],{"class":114},[73,123567,106],{"class":105},[73,123569,384],{"class":87},[73,123571,587],{"class":91},[73,123573,384],{"class":87},[73,123575,118],{"class":105},[20,123577,1660],{},[64,123579,123580],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123581,123582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123583,123584],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123585,16655],{"class":315},[20,123587,123188,123588,123590],{},[15,123589,123399],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123592,123593],{},"If needed, convert first:",[64,123595,123597],{"className":66,"code":123596,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123598,123599,123611],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123600,123601,123603,123605,123607,123609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123602,461],{"class":79},[73,123604,84],{"class":83},[73,123606,88],{"class":87},[73,123608,123551],{"class":91},[73,123610,95],{"class":87},[73,123612,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123614,102],{"class":101},[73,123616,106],{"class":105},[73,123618,482],{"class":114},[73,123620,817],{"class":105},[73,123622,206],{"class":114},[73,123624,8228],{"class":105},[73,123626,40633],{"class":114},[73,123628,106],{"class":105},[73,123630,384],{"class":87},[73,123632,587],{"class":91},[73,123634,384],{"class":87},[73,123636,118],{"class":105},[292,123638,123640],{"id":123639},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123642,123643],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[64,123645,123647],{"className":66,"code":123646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123648,123649,123661],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123650,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123652,461],{"class":79},[73,123654,84],{"class":83},[73,123656,88],{"class":87},[73,123658,3675],{"class":91},[73,123660,95],{"class":87},[73,123662,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675,123677],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123664,102],{"class":101},[73,123666,106],{"class":105},[73,123668,482],{"class":114},[73,123670,817],{"class":105},[73,123672,40633],{"class":114},[73,123674,106],{"class":105},[73,123676,587],{"class":114},[73,123678,118],{"class":105},[20,123680,123681,123682,817],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123683,587],{},[20,123685,10400],{},[64,123687,123689],{"className":66,"code":123688,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123690,123691,123703],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123692,123693,123695,123697,123699,123701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123694,461],{"class":79},[73,123696,84],{"class":83},[73,123698,88],{"class":87},[73,123700,3675],{"class":91},[73,123702,95],{"class":87},[73,123704,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721,123723],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123706,102],{"class":101},[73,123708,106],{"class":105},[73,123710,482],{"class":114},[73,123712,817],{"class":105},[73,123714,40633],{"class":114},[73,123716,106],{"class":105},[73,123718,384],{"class":87},[73,123720,587],{"class":91},[73,123722,384],{"class":87},[73,123724,118],{"class":105},[292,123726,36575,123728,8295,123730,2468,123733],{"id":123727},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123729,56670],{},[15,123731,123732],{},"find()",[15,123734,58348],{},[20,123736,121,123737,123739,123740,817],{},[15,123738,56670],{}," when you need the ",[55,123741,123742],{},"number of matches",[20,123744,121,123745,123739,123750,123752],{},[587,123746,123748],{"href":123747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123749,123732],{},[55,123751,64328],{}," of the first match.",[20,123754,121,123755,123760],{},[587,123756,123758],{"href":123757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123759,58348],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[292,123762,123764],{"id":123763},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123766,123767,123769],{},[15,123768,56670],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123771,714],{},[64,123773,123775],{"className":66,"code":123774,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123776,123777,123790],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123778,123779,123781,123783,123785,123788],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123780,461],{"class":79},[73,123782,84],{"class":83},[73,123784,88],{"class":87},[73,123786,123787],{"class":91},"aaaa",[73,123789,95],{"class":87},[73,123791,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123809,123811],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123793,102],{"class":101},[73,123795,106],{"class":105},[73,123797,482],{"class":114},[73,123799,817],{"class":105},[73,123801,40633],{"class":114},[73,123803,106],{"class":105},[73,123805,384],{"class":87},[73,123807,123808],{"class":91},"aa",[73,123810,384],{"class":87},[73,123812,118],{"class":105},[20,123814,1660],{},[64,123816,123817],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123818,123819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123820,123821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123822,16655],{"class":315},[20,123824,123825,123826,817],{},"It does not return ",[15,123827,1652],{},[20,123829,123830],{},"Why not?",[20,123832,123833],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,123835,123836,123845],{},[33,123837,123838,123841,123842],{},[15,123839,123840],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123843,123844],{},"0-1",[33,123846,123847,123841,123849],{},[15,123848,123840],{},[15,123850,123851],{},"2-3",[20,123853,123854,123855,817],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123856,123857],{},"1-2",[59,123859,4551,123860],{"id":57753},[15,123861,56670],{},[20,123863,121,123864,123866],{},[15,123865,56670],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123868,123869],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,123871,123872,123881,123891,123901],{},[33,123873,121,123874,123876,123877,123880],{},[15,123875,56670],{}," when you need ",[55,123878,123879],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,123882,121,123883,123876,123887,123890],{},[587,123884,123885],{"href":123747},[15,123886,123732],{},[55,123888,123889],{},"where"," it appears",[33,123892,47187,123893,123897,123898],{},[587,123894,123895,100983],{"href":122992},[15,123896,3469],{}," when you only need to know ",[55,123899,123900],{},"if it exists",[33,123902,121,123903,123909],{},[587,123904,123906],{"href":123905},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123907,123908],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[59,123911,25539],{"id":25538},[20,123913,8466,123914,123916],{},[15,123915,56670],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[64,123918,123920],{"className":66,"code":123919,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123921,123922,123932,123946,123968,123994],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123923,123924,123926,123928,123930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123925,102],{"class":101},[73,123927,106],{"class":105},[73,123929,482],{"class":114},[73,123931,854],{"class":105},[73,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,123935,102],{"class":101},[73,123937,106],{"class":105},[73,123939,1271],{"class":1270},[73,123941,106],{"class":105},[73,123943,482],{"class":114},[73,123945,118],{"class":105},[73,123947,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,123949,102],{"class":101},[73,123951,106],{"class":105},[73,123953,482],{"class":114},[73,123955,817],{"class":105},[73,123957,40633],{"class":114},[73,123959,106],{"class":105},[73,123961,384],{"class":87},[73,123963,587],{"class":91},[73,123965,384],{"class":87},[73,123967,118],{"class":105},[73,123969,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,123971,102],{"class":101},[73,123973,106],{"class":105},[73,123975,482],{"class":114},[73,123977,817],{"class":105},[73,123979,206],{"class":114},[73,123981,8228],{"class":105},[73,123983,40633],{"class":114},[73,123985,106],{"class":105},[73,123987,384],{"class":87},[73,123989,587],{"class":91},[73,123991,384],{"class":87},[73,123993,118],{"class":105},[73,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,123997,102],{"class":101},[73,123999,106],{"class":105},[73,124001,482],{"class":114},[73,124003,817],{"class":105},[73,124005,40633],{"class":114},[73,124007,106],{"class":105},[73,124009,384],{"class":87},[73,124011,122830],{"class":91},[73,124013,384],{"class":87},[73,124015,118],{"class":105},[20,124017,124018],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124020,124021,124024,124029,124032],{},[33,124022,124023],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124025,124026,124028],{},[15,124027,482],{}," not being a string",[33,124030,124031],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124033,124034],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124036,58242],{},[30,124038,124039,124042,124045,124048],{},[33,124040,124041],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124043,124044],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124046,124047],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124049,49869,124050,44005,124052,2468,124054,72693],{},[15,124051,56670],{},[15,124053,123732],{},[15,124055,3469],{},[59,124057,1405],{"id":1404},[292,124059,124061,124062,124064],{"id":124060},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124063,56670],{}," change the original string?",[20,124066,124067],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[292,124069,14501,124071,124073],{"id":124070},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124072,56670],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124075,124076],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[292,124078,1409,124080,124082],{"id":124079},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124081,56670],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124084,4737,124085,817],{},[15,124086,1710],{},[292,124088,1446,124090,124092],{"id":124089},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124091,56670],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124094,124095],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[292,124097,12300,124099,124101],{"id":124098},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124100,56670],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124103,124104],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[59,124106,1461],{"id":1460},[30,124108,124109,124116,124123,124130,124137],{},[33,124110,124111],{},[587,124112,124113],{"href":123747},[15,124114,124115],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124117,124118],{},[587,124119,124120],{"href":123757},[15,124121,124122],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124124,124125],{},[587,124126,124127],{"href":123464},[15,124128,124129],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124131,124132],{},[587,124133,124134],{"href":122992},[15,124135,124136],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124138,124139],{},[587,124140,124141],{"href":123905},[15,124142,124143],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1500,124145,124146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":124148},[124149,124150,124152,124155,124156,124157,124158,124161,124162,124170,124171,124172,124184],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":122858,"depth":98,"text":124151},"What the count() method does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":124153},[124154],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":123074,"depth":98,"text":123075},{"id":64788,"depth":98,"text":65571,"children":124159},[124160],{"id":123295,"depth":332,"text":123296},{"id":123383,"depth":98,"text":123384},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":124163},[124164,124166,124167,124169],{"id":123529,"depth":332,"text":124165},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123639,"depth":332,"text":123640},{"id":123727,"depth":332,"text":124168},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123763,"depth":332,"text":123764},{"id":57753,"depth":98,"text":58384},{"id":25538,"depth":98,"text":25539},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":124173},[124174,124176,124178,124180,124182],{"id":124060,"depth":332,"text":124175},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124070,"depth":332,"text":124177},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124079,"depth":332,"text":124179},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124089,"depth":332,"text":124181},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124098,"depth":332,"text":124183},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122731,"description":124185},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124192,"title":124193,"body":124194,"description":125779,"extension":1552,"meta":125780,"navigation":335,"path":125781,"seo":125782,"stem":125783,"__hash__":125784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124195,"toc":125752},[124196,124199,124202,124299,124308,124310,124329,124333,124336,124339,124352,124355,124384,124389,124394,124452,124454,124487,124493,124497,124500,124503,124532,124535,124562,124565,124568,124572,124575,124582,124645,124647,124665,124668,124672,124675,124678,124720,124723,124767,124770,124773,124777,124782,124785,124828,124830,124853,124856,124889,124892,124941,124951,124955,124958,124961,124990,124993,125004,125006,125065,125068,125072,125075,125078,125093,125102,125105,125139,125142,125169,125172,125179,125181,125184,125186,125189,125203,125212,125214,125241,125245,125248,125262,125265,125324,125328,125331,125358,125361,125388,125396,125399,125459,125461,125494,125498,125501,125520,125525,125574,125579,125581,125584,125643,125661,125663,125667,125675,125679,125682,125686,125692,125696,125706,125710,125713,125715,125749],[10,124197,124193],{"id":124198},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124200,124201],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[64,124203,124205],{"className":66,"code":124204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124206,124207,124219,124231,124240,124254,124258,124268,124278,124289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124208,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124210,80],{"class":79},[73,124212,84],{"class":83},[73,124214,88],{"class":87},[73,124216,4594],{"class":91},[73,124218,95],{"class":87},[73,124220,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124222,89389],{"class":79},[73,124224,84],{"class":83},[73,124226,152],{"class":87},[73,124228,652],{"class":91},[73,124230,29297],{"class":87},[73,124232,124233,124236,124238],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124234,124235],{"class":79},"empty ",[73,124237,84],{"class":83},[73,124239,7471],{"class":87},[73,124241,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124243,461],{"class":79},[73,124245,84],{"class":83},[73,124247,48281],{"class":1270},[73,124249,106],{"class":105},[73,124251,49623],{"class":315},[73,124253,854],{"class":105},[73,124255,124256],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,124257,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124259,124260,124262,124264,124266],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,124261,102],{"class":101},[73,124263,106],{"class":105},[73,124265,115],{"class":114},[73,124267,854],{"class":105},[73,124269,124270,124272,124274,124276],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,124271,102],{"class":101},[73,124273,106],{"class":105},[73,124275,89406],{"class":114},[73,124277,854],{"class":105},[73,124279,124280,124282,124284,124287],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,124281,102],{"class":101},[73,124283,106],{"class":105},[73,124285,124286],{"class":114},"empty",[73,124288,854],{"class":105},[73,124290,124291,124293,124295,124297],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,124292,102],{"class":101},[73,124294,106],{"class":105},[73,124296,482],{"class":114},[73,124298,854],{"class":105},[20,124300,124301,124304,124305,124307],{},[55,124302,124303],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124306,47060],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[59,124309,14761],{"id":14760},[30,124311,124312,124315,124318,124321,124326],{},[33,124313,124314],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124316,124317],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124319,124320],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124322,124323,124324],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124325,47060],{},[33,124327,124328],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[59,124330,124332],{"id":124331},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124334,124335],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124337,124338],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124340,124341,124344,124346,124349],{},[33,124342,124343],{},"Letters",[33,124345,55841],{},[33,124347,124348],{},"Spaces",[33,124350,124351],{},"Symbols",[20,124353,124354],{},"Examples of strings:",[64,124356,124358],{"className":66,"code":124357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124359,124360,124368,124376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124361,124362,124364,124366],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124363,384],{"class":42703},[73,124365,92],{"class":42707},[73,124367,95],{"class":42703},[73,124369,124370,124372,124374],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124371,384],{"class":42703},[73,124373,49623],{"class":42707},[73,124375,95],{"class":42703},[73,124377,124378,124380,124382],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124379,384],{"class":42703},[73,124381,88531],{"class":42707},[73,124383,95],{"class":42703},[20,124385,20577,124386,124388],{},[15,124387,49673],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124390,124391,124392,2475],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124393,592],{},[64,124395,124397],{"className":66,"code":124396,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124398,124399,124411,124420,124424,124438],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124400,124401,124403,124405,124407,124409],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124402,461],{"class":79},[73,124404,84],{"class":83},[73,124406,88],{"class":87},[73,124408,49623],{"class":91},[73,124410,95],{"class":87},[73,124412,124413,124415,124417],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124414,1806],{"class":79},[73,124416,84],{"class":83},[73,124418,124419],{"class":315}," 123\n",[73,124421,124422],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124423,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124425,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124427,102],{"class":101},[73,124429,106],{"class":105},[73,124431,1271],{"class":1270},[73,124433,106],{"class":105},[73,124435,482],{"class":114},[73,124437,118],{"class":105},[73,124439,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,124441,102],{"class":101},[73,124443,106],{"class":105},[73,124445,1271],{"class":1270},[73,124447,106],{"class":105},[73,124449,1829],{"class":114},[73,124451,118],{"class":105},[20,124453,1660],{},[64,124455,124457],{"className":66,"code":124456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124458,124459,124473],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469,124471],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124462,2879],{"class":83},[73,124464,2882],{"class":633},[73,124466,152],{"class":87},[73,124468,3031],{"class":91},[73,124470,141],{"class":87},[73,124472,2891],{"class":83},[73,124474,124475,124477,124479,124481,124483,124485],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124476,2879],{"class":83},[73,124478,2882],{"class":633},[73,124480,152],{"class":87},[73,124482,1778],{"class":91},[73,124484,141],{"class":87},[73,124486,2891],{"class":83},[20,124488,124489,124490,817],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[587,124491,124492],{"href":50353},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[59,124494,124496],{"id":124495},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124498,124499],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124501,124502],{},"You can use single quotes:",[64,124504,124506],{"className":66,"code":124505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124507,124508,124521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124509,124510,124513,124515,124517,124519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124511,124512],{"class":79},"greeting ",[73,124514,84],{"class":83},[73,124516,152],{"class":87},[73,124518,92],{"class":91},[73,124520,29297],{"class":87},[73,124522,124523,124525,124527,124530],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124524,102],{"class":101},[73,124526,106],{"class":105},[73,124528,124529],{"class":114},"greeting",[73,124531,854],{"class":105},[20,124533,124534],{},"Or double quotes:",[64,124536,124538],{"className":66,"code":124537,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124539,124540,124552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124541,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124543,124512],{"class":79},[73,124545,84],{"class":83},[73,124547,88],{"class":87},[73,124549,92],{"class":91},[73,124551,95],{"class":87},[73,124553,124554,124556,124558,124560],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124555,102],{"class":101},[73,124557,106],{"class":105},[73,124559,124529],{"class":114},[73,124561,854],{"class":105},[20,124563,124564],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124566,124567],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[59,124569,124571],{"id":124570},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124573,124574],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124576,124577,124578,2468,124580,2475],{},"Use either ",[15,124579,5860],{},[15,124581,3359],{},[64,124583,124585],{"className":66,"code":124584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124586,124587,124596,124605,124609,124620,124631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124588,124589,124592,124594],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124590,124591],{"class":79},"empty1 ",[73,124593,84],{"class":83},[73,124595,7471],{"class":87},[73,124597,124598,124601,124603],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124599,124600],{"class":79},"empty2 ",[73,124602,84],{"class":83},[73,124604,46872],{"class":87},[73,124606,124607],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124608,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124610,124611,124613,124615,124618],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124612,102],{"class":101},[73,124614,106],{"class":105},[73,124616,124617],{"class":114},"empty1",[73,124619,854],{"class":105},[73,124621,124622,124624,124626,124629],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,124623,102],{"class":101},[73,124625,106],{"class":105},[73,124627,124628],{"class":114},"empty2",[73,124630,854],{"class":105},[73,124632,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,124634,102],{"class":101},[73,124636,106],{"class":105},[73,124638,1271],{"class":1270},[73,124640,106],{"class":105},[73,124642,124617],{"class":114},[73,124644,118],{"class":105},[20,124646,1660],{},[64,124648,124649],{"className":66,"code":45146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124650,124651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124654,2879],{"class":83},[73,124656,2882],{"class":633},[73,124658,152],{"class":87},[73,124660,3031],{"class":91},[73,124662,141],{"class":87},[73,124664,2891],{"class":83},[20,124666,124667],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[59,124669,124671],{"id":124670},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124673,124674],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124676,124677],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[64,124679,124681],{"className":66,"code":124680,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124682,124683,124694,124699,124706,124710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124684,124685,124687,124689,124692],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124686,89389],{"class":79},[73,124688,84],{"class":83},[73,124690,124691],{"class":87}," \"\"\"",[73,124693,88331],{"class":91},[73,124695,124696],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124697,124698],{"class":91},"Welcome to Python\n",[73,124700,124701,124704],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124702,124703],{"class":91},"Have a nice day",[73,124705,42711],{"class":87},[73,124707,124708],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124709,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124711,124712,124714,124716,124718],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,124713,102],{"class":101},[73,124715,106],{"class":105},[73,124717,89406],{"class":114},[73,124719,854],{"class":105},[20,124721,124722],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[64,124724,124726],{"className":66,"code":124725,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124727,124728,124740,124745,124753,124757],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124729,124730,124732,124734,124737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124731,89389],{"class":79},[73,124733,84],{"class":83},[73,124735,124736],{"class":87}," '''",[73,124738,124739],{"class":91},"Line 1\n",[73,124741,124742],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124743,124744],{"class":91},"Line 2\n",[73,124746,124747,124750],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124748,124749],{"class":91},"Line 3",[73,124751,124752],{"class":87},"'''\n",[73,124754,124755],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124756,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,124760,102],{"class":101},[73,124762,106],{"class":105},[73,124764,89406],{"class":114},[73,124766,854],{"class":105},[20,124768,124769],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124771,124772],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[59,124774,124776],{"id":124775},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124778,1569,124779,124781],{},[15,124780,47060],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124783,124784],{},"Example with a number:",[64,124786,124788],{"className":66,"code":124787,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124789,124790,124804,124814],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124791,124792,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124793,461],{"class":79},[73,124795,84],{"class":83},[73,124797,48281],{"class":1270},[73,124799,106],{"class":105},[73,124801,45902],{"class":315},[73,124803,854],{"class":105},[73,124805,124806,124808,124810,124812],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124807,102],{"class":101},[73,124809,106],{"class":105},[73,124811,482],{"class":114},[73,124813,854],{"class":105},[73,124815,124816,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124817,102],{"class":101},[73,124819,106],{"class":105},[73,124821,1271],{"class":1270},[73,124823,106],{"class":105},[73,124825,482],{"class":114},[73,124827,118],{"class":105},[20,124829,1660],{},[64,124831,124833],{"className":66,"code":124832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124834,124835,124839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124836,124837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124838,45988],{"class":315},[73,124840,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124842,2879],{"class":83},[73,124844,2882],{"class":633},[73,124846,152],{"class":87},[73,124848,3031],{"class":91},[73,124850,141],{"class":87},[73,124852,2891],{"class":83},[20,124854,124855],{},"You can also convert other values:",[64,124857,124859],{"className":66,"code":124858,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124860,124861,124875],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124862,124863,124865,124867,124869,124871,124873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124864,102],{"class":101},[73,124866,106],{"class":105},[73,124868,3031],{"class":1270},[73,124870,106],{"class":105},[73,124872,3190],{"class":3438},[73,124874,118],{"class":105},[73,124876,124877,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124878,102],{"class":101},[73,124880,106],{"class":105},[73,124882,3031],{"class":1270},[73,124884,106],{"class":105},[73,124886,39516],{"class":315},[73,124888,118],{"class":105},[20,124890,124891],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[64,124893,124895],{"className":66,"code":124894,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124896,124897,124905,124927,124931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124898,124899,124901,124903],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124900,21227],{"class":79},[73,124902,84],{"class":83},[73,124904,44601],{"class":315},[73,124906,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917,124919,124921,124923,124925],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124908,89389],{"class":79},[73,124910,84],{"class":83},[73,124912,88],{"class":87},[73,124914,88807],{"class":91},[73,124916,384],{"class":87},[73,124918,2044],{"class":83},[73,124920,48281],{"class":1270},[73,124922,106],{"class":105},[73,124924,8891],{"class":114},[73,124926,854],{"class":105},[73,124928,124929],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,124930,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,124932,124933,124935,124937,124939],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,124934,102],{"class":101},[73,124936,106],{"class":105},[73,124938,89406],{"class":114},[73,124940,854],{"class":105},[20,124942,124943,124944,2468,124948,817],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[587,124945,13,124946,1470],{"href":41549},[15,124947,47060],{},[587,124949,124950],{"href":122662},"how to convert int to string in Python",[59,124952,124954],{"id":124953},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124956,124957],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124959,124960],{},"Both of these are valid:",[64,124962,124964],{"className":66,"code":124963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124965,124966,124978],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124967,124968,124970,124972,124974,124976],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124969,2145],{"class":79},[73,124971,84],{"class":83},[73,124973,152],{"class":87},[73,124975,6887],{"class":91},[73,124977,29297],{"class":87},[73,124979,124980,124982,124984,124986,124988],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,124981,2173],{"class":79},[73,124983,84],{"class":83},[73,124985,88],{"class":87},[73,124987,6887],{"class":91},[73,124989,95],{"class":87},[20,124991,124992],{},"A common rule is:",[30,124994,124995,124998,125001],{},[33,124996,124997],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,124999,125000],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125002,125003],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125005,714],{},[64,125007,125009],{"className":66,"code":125008,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125010,125011,125025,125039,125043,125054],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125012,125013,125016,125018,125020,125023],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125014,125015],{"class":79},"text1 ",[73,125017,84],{"class":83},[73,125019,88],{"class":87},[73,125021,125022],{"class":91},"It's working",[73,125024,95],{"class":87},[73,125026,125027,125030,125032,125034,125037],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125028,125029],{"class":79},"text2 ",[73,125031,84],{"class":83},[73,125033,152],{"class":87},[73,125035,125036],{"class":91},"She said \"hello\"",[73,125038,29297],{"class":87},[73,125040,125041],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125042,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125044,125045,125047,125049,125052],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125046,102],{"class":101},[73,125048,106],{"class":105},[73,125050,125051],{"class":114},"text1",[73,125053,854],{"class":105},[73,125055,125056,125058,125060,125063],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,125057,102],{"class":101},[73,125059,106],{"class":105},[73,125061,125062],{"class":114},"text2",[73,125064,854],{"class":105},[20,125066,125067],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[59,125069,125071],{"id":125070},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125073,125074],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125076,125077],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[64,125079,125081],{"className":66,"code":125080,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125082,125083,125088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125084,125085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125086,125087],{"class":3249},"# This will cause an error\n",[73,125089,125090],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125091,125092],{"class":3249},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125094,125095,125096,1132,125098,125101],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125097,141],{},[15,125099,125100],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125103,125104],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[64,125106,125108],{"className":66,"code":125107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125109,125110,125129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125111,125112,125114,125116,125118,125121,125124,125127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125113,461],{"class":79},[73,125115,84],{"class":83},[73,125117,152],{"class":87},[73,125119,125120],{"class":91},"It",[73,125122,125123],{"class":198},"\\'",[73,125125,125126],{"class":91},"s working",[73,125128,29297],{"class":87},[73,125130,125131,125133,125135,125137],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125132,102],{"class":101},[73,125134,106],{"class":105},[73,125136,482],{"class":114},[73,125138,854],{"class":105},[20,125140,125141],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[64,125143,125145],{"className":66,"code":125144,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125146,125147,125159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125148,125149,125151,125153,125155,125157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125150,461],{"class":79},[73,125152,84],{"class":83},[73,125154,88],{"class":87},[73,125156,125022],{"class":91},[73,125158,95],{"class":87},[73,125160,125161,125163,125165,125167],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125162,102],{"class":101},[73,125164,106],{"class":105},[73,125166,482],{"class":114},[73,125168,854],{"class":105},[20,125170,125171],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125173,125174,125175,817],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[587,125176,125178],{"href":125177},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[59,125180,1207],{"id":1206},[20,125182,125183],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[292,125185,89596],{"id":89595},[20,125187,125188],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[64,125190,125192],{"className":66,"code":125191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125193,125194,125198],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125195,125196],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125197,125087],{"class":3249},[73,125199,125200],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125201,125202],{"class":3249},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125204,125205,125206,8193,125209,125211],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125207,125208],{},"NameError",[15,125210,4594],{}," is not defined.",[20,125213,10400],{},[64,125215,125217],{"className":66,"code":125216,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125218,125219,125231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125220,125221,125223,125225,125227,125229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125222,80],{"class":79},[73,125224,84],{"class":83},[73,125226,88],{"class":87},[73,125228,4594],{"class":91},[73,125230,95],{"class":87},[73,125232,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125234,102],{"class":101},[73,125236,106],{"class":105},[73,125238,115],{"class":114},[73,125240,854],{"class":105},[292,125242,125244],{"id":125243},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125246,125247],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[64,125249,125251],{"className":66,"code":125250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125252,125253,125257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125254,125255],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125256,125087],{"class":3249},[73,125258,125259],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125260,125261],{"class":3249},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125263,125264],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[64,125266,125268],{"className":66,"code":125267,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125269,125270,125287,125300,125304,125314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282,125285],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125273,125015],{"class":79},[73,125275,84],{"class":83},[73,125277,152],{"class":87},[73,125279,125120],{"class":91},[73,125281,125123],{"class":198},[73,125283,125284],{"class":91},"s good",[73,125286,29297],{"class":87},[73,125288,125289,125291,125293,125295,125298],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125290,125029],{"class":79},[73,125292,84],{"class":83},[73,125294,88],{"class":87},[73,125296,125297],{"class":91},"It's good",[73,125299,95],{"class":87},[73,125301,125302],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125303,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125305,125306,125308,125310,125312],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125307,102],{"class":101},[73,125309,106],{"class":105},[73,125311,125051],{"class":114},[73,125313,854],{"class":105},[73,125315,125316,125318,125320,125322],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,125317,102],{"class":101},[73,125319,106],{"class":105},[73,125321,125062],{"class":114},[73,125323,854],{"class":105},[292,125325,125327],{"id":125326},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125329,125330],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[64,125332,125334],{"className":66,"code":125333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125335,125336,125348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125337,125338,125340,125342,125344,125346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125339,461],{"class":79},[73,125341,84],{"class":83},[73,125343,124691],{"class":87},[73,125345,92],{"class":91},[73,125347,42711],{"class":87},[73,125349,125350,125352,125354,125356],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125351,102],{"class":101},[73,125353,106],{"class":105},[73,125355,482],{"class":114},[73,125357,854],{"class":105},[20,125359,125360],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[64,125362,125364],{"className":66,"code":125363,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125365,125366,125378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125369,461],{"class":79},[73,125371,84],{"class":83},[73,125373,88],{"class":87},[73,125375,92],{"class":91},[73,125377,95],{"class":87},[73,125379,125380,125382,125384,125386],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125381,102],{"class":101},[73,125383,106],{"class":105},[73,125385,482],{"class":114},[73,125387,854],{"class":105},[292,125389,4168,125391,355,125393,125395],{"id":125390},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125392,49623],{},[15,125394,49673],{}," are the same type",[20,125397,125398],{},"They are different:",[64,125400,125402],{"className":66,"code":125401,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125403,125404,125413,125426,125430,125444],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125405,125406,125409,125411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125407,125408],{"class":79},"value1 ",[73,125410,84],{"class":83},[73,125412,124419],{"class":315},[73,125414,125415,125418,125420,125422,125424],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125416,125417],{"class":79},"value2 ",[73,125419,84],{"class":83},[73,125421,88],{"class":87},[73,125423,49623],{"class":91},[73,125425,95],{"class":87},[73,125427,125428],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125429,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125431,125432,125434,125436,125438,125440,125442],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125433,102],{"class":101},[73,125435,106],{"class":105},[73,125437,1271],{"class":1270},[73,125439,106],{"class":105},[73,125441,84152],{"class":114},[73,125443,118],{"class":105},[73,125445,125446,125448,125450,125452,125454,125457],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,125447,102],{"class":101},[73,125449,106],{"class":105},[73,125451,1271],{"class":1270},[73,125453,106],{"class":105},[73,125455,125456],{"class":114},"value2",[73,125458,118],{"class":105},[20,125460,1660],{},[64,125462,125464],{"className":66,"code":125463,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125465,125466,125480],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125467,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476,125478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125469,2879],{"class":83},[73,125471,2882],{"class":633},[73,125473,152],{"class":87},[73,125475,1778],{"class":91},[73,125477,141],{"class":87},[73,125479,2891],{"class":83},[73,125481,125482,125484,125486,125488,125490,125492],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125483,2879],{"class":83},[73,125485,2882],{"class":633},[73,125487,152],{"class":87},[73,125489,3031],{"class":91},[73,125491,141],{"class":87},[73,125493,2891],{"class":83},[292,125495,125497],{"id":125496},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125499,125500],{},"This causes a type error:",[64,125502,125504],{"className":66,"code":125503,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125505,125506,125510,125515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125507,125508],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125509,125087],{"class":3249},[73,125511,125512],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125513,125514],{"class":3249},"# age = 10\n",[73,125516,125517],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125518,125519],{"class":3249},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125521,125522,125523,2475],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125524,47060],{},[64,125526,125528],{"className":66,"code":125527,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125529,125530,125538,125560,125564],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125531,125532,125534,125536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125533,21227],{"class":79},[73,125535,84],{"class":83},[73,125537,316],{"class":315},[73,125539,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550,125552,125554,125556,125558],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125541,89389],{"class":79},[73,125543,84],{"class":83},[73,125545,88],{"class":87},[73,125547,88807],{"class":91},[73,125549,384],{"class":87},[73,125551,2044],{"class":83},[73,125553,48281],{"class":1270},[73,125555,106],{"class":105},[73,125557,8891],{"class":114},[73,125559,854],{"class":105},[73,125561,125562],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125563,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125565,125566,125568,125570,125572],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125567,102],{"class":101},[73,125569,106],{"class":105},[73,125571,89406],{"class":114},[73,125573,854],{"class":105},[20,125575,125576,125577,817],{},"For this specific error, see ",[587,125578,89788],{"href":89787},[292,125580,60091],{"id":60090},[20,125582,125583],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[64,125585,125587],{"className":66,"code":125586,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125588,125589,125601,125605,125615,125629],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125590,125591,125593,125595,125597,125599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125592,461],{"class":79},[73,125594,84],{"class":83},[73,125596,88],{"class":87},[73,125598,92],{"class":91},[73,125600,95],{"class":87},[73,125602,125603],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125604,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125606,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125608,102],{"class":101},[73,125610,106],{"class":105},[73,125612,482],{"class":114},[73,125614,854],{"class":105},[73,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623,125625,125627],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125618,102],{"class":101},[73,125620,106],{"class":105},[73,125622,1271],{"class":1270},[73,125624,106],{"class":105},[73,125626,482],{"class":114},[73,125628,118],{"class":105},[73,125630,125631,125633,125635,125637,125639,125641],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,125632,102],{"class":101},[73,125634,106],{"class":105},[73,125636,41153],{"class":101},[73,125638,106],{"class":105},[73,125640,482],{"class":114},[73,125642,118],{"class":105},[30,125644,125645,125650,125655],{},[33,125646,125647,45654],{},[15,125648,125649],{},"print(text)",[33,125651,125652,45659],{},[15,125653,125654],{},"print(type(text))",[33,125656,125657,125660],{},[15,125658,125659],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[59,125662,1405],{"id":1404},[292,125664,125666],{"id":125665},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125668,125669,125670,2468,125673,817],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125671,125672],{},"'hello'",[15,125674,63916],{},[292,125676,125678],{"id":125677},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125680,125681],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[292,125683,125685],{"id":125684},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125687,121,125688,2468,125690,817],{},[15,125689,5860],{},[15,125691,3359],{},[292,125693,125695],{"id":125694},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125697,121,125698,125700,125701,125703,125704,817],{},[15,125699,47060],{},", like ",[15,125702,79762],{},", which returns ",[15,125705,41500],{},[292,125707,125709],{"id":125708},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125711,125712],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[59,125714,1461],{"id":1460},[30,125716,125717,125721,125727,125732,125741,125745],{},[33,125718,125719],{},[587,125720,124492],{"href":50353},[33,125722,125723],{},[587,125724,13,125725,1470],{"href":41549},[15,125726,47060],{},[33,125728,125729],{},[587,125730,125731],{"href":122662},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,125733,125734],{},[587,125735,125737,125738,10333],{"href":125736},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125739,125740],{},"format()",[33,125742,125743],{},[587,125744,125178],{"href":125177},[33,125746,125747],{},[587,125748,89788],{"href":89787},[1500,125750,125751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":125753},[125754,125755,125756,125757,125758,125759,125760,125761,125762,125771,125778],{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":124331,"depth":98,"text":124332},{"id":124495,"depth":98,"text":124496},{"id":124570,"depth":98,"text":124571},{"id":124670,"depth":98,"text":124671},{"id":124775,"depth":98,"text":124776},{"id":124953,"depth":98,"text":124954},{"id":125070,"depth":98,"text":125071},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":125763},[125764,125765,125766,125767,125769,125770],{"id":89595,"depth":332,"text":89596},{"id":125243,"depth":332,"text":125244},{"id":125326,"depth":332,"text":125327},{"id":125390,"depth":332,"text":125768},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125496,"depth":332,"text":125497},{"id":60090,"depth":332,"text":60091},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":125772},[125773,125774,125775,125776,125777],{"id":125665,"depth":332,"text":125666},{"id":125677,"depth":332,"text":125678},{"id":125684,"depth":332,"text":125685},{"id":125694,"depth":332,"text":125695},{"id":125708,"depth":332,"text":125709},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124193,"description":125779},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125786,"title":125787,"body":125788,"description":127702,"extension":1552,"meta":127703,"navigation":335,"path":127704,"seo":127705,"stem":127706,"__hash__":127707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125789,"toc":127663},[125790,125796,125801,125809,125811,125878,125880,125892,125901,125906,125910,125927,125929,125994,125996,126008,126013,126015,126043,126064,126067,126106,126108,126116,126120,126124,126128,126136,126139,126180,126182,126190,126193,126250,126252,126260,126264,126269,126313,126315,126323,126332,126336,126341,126389,126391,126399,126405,126407,126411,126423,126428,126507,126509,126529,126533,126537,126577,126579,126587,126591,126634,126636,126644,126648,126688,126690,126698,126702,126758,126760,126768,126774,126776,126780,126790,126857,126859,126872,126879,126922,126924,126932,126936,126939,126995,126997,127005,127008,127010,127087,127089,127097,127106,127108,127112,127116,127118,127140,127143,127190,127194,127233,127235,127243,127245,127287,127294,127299,127361,127363,127375,127381,127386,127435,127437,127456,127462,127464,127483,127485,127576,127578,127584,127591,127597,127603,127608,127617,127624,127632,127634,127660],[10,125791,122737,125793,10916],{"id":125792},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125794,125795],{},"endswith()",[20,125797,122742,125798,125800],{},[15,125799,125795],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125802,125803,125804,2468,125806,125808],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125805,3190],{},[15,125807,3260],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[59,125810,62],{"id":61},[64,125812,125814],{"className":66,"code":125813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125815,125816,125830,125855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125817,125818,125821,125823,125825,125828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125819,125820],{"class":79},"filename ",[73,125822,84],{"class":83},[73,125824,88],{"class":87},[73,125826,125827],{"class":91},"report.csv",[73,125829,95],{"class":87},[73,125831,125832,125834,125836,125839,125841,125844,125846,125848,125851,125853],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125833,102],{"class":101},[73,125835,106],{"class":105},[73,125837,125838],{"class":114},"filename",[73,125840,817],{"class":105},[73,125842,125843],{"class":114},"endswith",[73,125845,106],{"class":105},[73,125847,384],{"class":87},[73,125849,125850],{"class":91},".csv",[73,125852,384],{"class":87},[73,125854,118],{"class":105},[73,125856,125857,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867,125869,125871,125874,125876],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125858,102],{"class":101},[73,125860,106],{"class":105},[73,125862,125838],{"class":114},[73,125864,817],{"class":105},[73,125866,125843],{"class":114},[73,125868,106],{"class":105},[73,125870,384],{"class":87},[73,125872,125873],{"class":91},".txt",[73,125875,384],{"class":87},[73,125877,118],{"class":105},[20,125879,1660],{},[64,125881,125882],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,125883,125884,125888],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125885,125886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125887,3566],{"class":3438},[73,125889,125890],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125891,3627],{"class":3438},[20,125893,121,125894,4956,125896,2468,125898,125900],{},[15,125895,125795],{},[15,125897,3190],{},[15,125899,3260],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[59,125902,236,125904,239],{"id":125903},"what-endswith-does",[15,125905,125795],{},[20,125907,125908,2475],{},[15,125909,125795],{},[30,125911,125912,125915,125921,125924],{},[33,125913,125914],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,125916,11018,125917,2468,125919],{},[15,125918,3190],{},[15,125920,3260],{},[33,125922,125923],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,125925,125926],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125928,714],{},[64,125930,125932],{"className":66,"code":125931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125933,125934,125946,125950,125972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125937,461],{"class":79},[73,125939,84],{"class":83},[73,125941,88],{"class":87},[73,125943,59787],{"class":91},[73,125945,95],{"class":87},[73,125947,125948],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,125949,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,125951,125952,125954,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966,125968,125970],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,125953,102],{"class":101},[73,125955,106],{"class":105},[73,125957,482],{"class":114},[73,125959,817],{"class":105},[73,125961,125843],{"class":114},[73,125963,106],{"class":105},[73,125965,384],{"class":87},[73,125967,59972],{"class":91},[73,125969,384],{"class":87},[73,125971,118],{"class":105},[73,125973,125974,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,125975,102],{"class":101},[73,125977,106],{"class":105},[73,125979,482],{"class":114},[73,125981,817],{"class":105},[73,125983,125843],{"class":114},[73,125985,106],{"class":105},[73,125987,384],{"class":87},[73,125989,92],{"class":91},[73,125991,384],{"class":87},[73,125993,118],{"class":105},[20,125995,1660],{},[64,125997,125998],{"className":66,"code":43549,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,125999,126000,126004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126001,126002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126003,3566],{"class":3438},[73,126005,126006],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126007,3627],{"class":3438},[20,126009,126010,126011,817],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[587,126012,124492],{"href":50353},[59,126014,285],{"id":284},[64,126016,126018],{"className":66,"code":126017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126019,126020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030,126033,126035,126037,126039,126041],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126023,60555],{"class":79},[73,126025,817],{"class":105},[73,126027,125843],{"class":114},[73,126029,106],{"class":105},[73,126031,126032],{"class":114},"suffix",[73,126034,149],{"class":105},[73,126036,35421],{"class":114},[73,126038,149],{"class":105},[73,126040,64422],{"class":114},[73,126042,854],{"class":105},[30,126044,126045,126050,126057],{},[33,126046,126047,126049],{},[15,126048,126032],{}," is required",[33,126051,126052,355,126054,126056],{},[15,126053,35442],{},[15,126055,52039],{}," are optional",[33,126058,126059,355,126061,126063],{},[15,126060,35442],{},[15,126062,52039],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126065,126066],{},"Basic example:",[64,126068,126070],{"className":66,"code":126069,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126071,126072,126084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126073,126074,126076,126078,126080,126082],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126075,125820],{"class":79},[73,126077,84],{"class":83},[73,126079,88],{"class":87},[73,126081,86277],{"class":91},[73,126083,95],{"class":87},[73,126085,126086,126088,126090,126092,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102,126104],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126087,102],{"class":101},[73,126089,106],{"class":105},[73,126091,125838],{"class":114},[73,126093,817],{"class":105},[73,126095,125843],{"class":114},[73,126097,106],{"class":105},[73,126099,384],{"class":87},[73,126101,125873],{"class":91},[73,126103,384],{"class":87},[73,126105,118],{"class":105},[20,126107,1660],{},[64,126109,126110],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126111,126112],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126113,126114],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126115,3566],{"class":3438},[59,126117,126119],{"id":126118},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[292,126121,126122],{"id":126032},[15,126123,126032],{},[20,126125,126126,30348],{},[15,126127,126032],{},[30,126129,126130,126133],{},[33,126131,126132],{},"A single string",[33,126134,126135],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126137,126138],{},"Single suffix:",[64,126140,126142],{"className":66,"code":126141,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126143,126144,126157],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126145,126146,126148,126150,126152,126155],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126147,80],{"class":79},[73,126149,84],{"class":83},[73,126151,88],{"class":87},[73,126153,126154],{"class":91},"image.png",[73,126156,95],{"class":87},[73,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126176,126178],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126160,102],{"class":101},[73,126162,106],{"class":105},[73,126164,115],{"class":114},[73,126166,817],{"class":105},[73,126168,125843],{"class":114},[73,126170,106],{"class":105},[73,126172,384],{"class":87},[73,126174,126175],{"class":91},".png",[73,126177,384],{"class":87},[73,126179,118],{"class":105},[20,126181,1660],{},[64,126183,126184],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126185,126186],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126187,126188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126189,3566],{"class":3438},[20,126191,126192],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[64,126194,126196],{"className":66,"code":126195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126197,126198,126210],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126199,126200,126202,126204,126206,126208],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126201,80],{"class":79},[73,126203,84],{"class":83},[73,126205,88],{"class":87},[73,126207,126154],{"class":91},[73,126209,95],{"class":87},[73,126211,126212,126214,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126226,126229,126231,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126246,126248],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126213,102],{"class":101},[73,126215,106],{"class":105},[73,126217,115],{"class":114},[73,126219,817],{"class":105},[73,126221,125843],{"class":114},[73,126223,5097],{"class":105},[73,126225,384],{"class":87},[73,126227,126228],{"class":91},".jpg",[73,126230,384],{"class":87},[73,126232,149],{"class":105},[73,126234,88],{"class":87},[73,126236,126175],{"class":91},[73,126238,384],{"class":87},[73,126240,149],{"class":105},[73,126242,88],{"class":87},[73,126244,126245],{"class":91},".gif",[73,126247,384],{"class":87},[73,126249,2503],{"class":105},[20,126251,1660],{},[64,126253,126254],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126255,126256],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126257,126258],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126259,3566],{"class":3438},[292,126261,126262],{"id":35442},[15,126263,35442],{},[20,126265,126266,126268],{},[15,126267,35442],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[64,126270,126272],{"className":66,"code":126271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126273,126274,126287],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126275,126276,126278,126280,126282,126285],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126277,461],{"class":79},[73,126279,84],{"class":83},[73,126281,88],{"class":87},[73,126283,126284],{"class":91},"my_report.csv",[73,126286,95],{"class":87},[73,126288,126289,126291,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126290,102],{"class":101},[73,126292,106],{"class":105},[73,126294,482],{"class":114},[73,126296,817],{"class":105},[73,126298,125843],{"class":114},[73,126300,106],{"class":105},[73,126302,384],{"class":87},[73,126304,125850],{"class":91},[73,126306,384],{"class":87},[73,126308,149],{"class":105},[73,126310,414],{"class":315},[73,126312,118],{"class":105},[20,126314,1660],{},[64,126316,126317],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126318,126319],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126320,126321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126322,3566],{"class":3438},[20,126324,126325,126326,126328,126329,817],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126327,1652],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126330,126331],{},"\"report.csv\"",[292,126333,126334],{"id":52039},[15,126335,52039],{},[20,126337,126338,126340],{},[15,126339,52039],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[64,126342,126344],{"className":66,"code":126343,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126345,126346,126359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126347,126348,126350,126352,126354,126357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126349,461],{"class":79},[73,126351,84],{"class":83},[73,126353,88],{"class":87},[73,126355,126356],{"class":91},"report.csv backup",[73,126358,95],{"class":87},[73,126360,126361,126363,126365,126367,126369,126371,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126362,102],{"class":101},[73,126364,106],{"class":105},[73,126366,482],{"class":114},[73,126368,817],{"class":105},[73,126370,125843],{"class":114},[73,126372,106],{"class":105},[73,126374,384],{"class":87},[73,126376,125850],{"class":91},[73,126378,384],{"class":87},[73,126380,149],{"class":105},[73,126382,3420],{"class":315},[73,126384,149],{"class":105},[73,126386,5592],{"class":315},[73,126388,118],{"class":105},[20,126390,1660],{},[64,126392,126393],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126394,126395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126396,126397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126398,3566],{"class":3438},[20,126400,126401,126402,126404],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126403,126331],{}," and ignores the rest.",[59,126406,17017],{"id":17016},[20,126408,126409,25106],{},[15,126410,125795],{},[30,126412,126413,126418],{},[33,126414,126415,126417],{},[15,126416,3190],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126419,126420,126422],{},[15,126421,3260],{}," if it does not",[20,126424,126425,126426,6763],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126427,6588],{},[64,126429,126431],{"className":66,"code":126430,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126432,126433,126446,126450,126471,126486,126492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126434,126435,126437,126439,126441,126444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126436,125820],{"class":79},[73,126438,84],{"class":83},[73,126440,88],{"class":87},[73,126442,126443],{"class":91},"data.csv",[73,126445,95],{"class":87},[73,126447,126448],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126449,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,126451,126452,126454,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,126453,6588],{"class":646},[73,126455,126456],{"class":79}," filename",[73,126458,817],{"class":105},[73,126460,125843],{"class":114},[73,126462,106],{"class":105},[73,126464,384],{"class":87},[73,126466,125850],{"class":91},[73,126468,384],{"class":87},[73,126470,7933],{"class":105},[73,126472,126473,126475,126477,126479,126482,126484],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,126474,7659],{"class":101},[73,126476,106],{"class":105},[73,126478,384],{"class":87},[73,126480,126481],{"class":91},"This is a CSV file.",[73,126483,384],{"class":87},[73,126485,854],{"class":105},[73,126487,126488,126490],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,126489,27030],{"class":646},[73,126491,5982],{"class":105},[73,126493,126494,126496,126498,126500,126503,126505],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,126495,7659],{"class":101},[73,126497,106],{"class":105},[73,126499,384],{"class":87},[73,126501,126502],{"class":91},"This is not a CSV file.",[73,126504,384],{"class":87},[73,126506,854],{"class":105},[20,126508,1660],{},[64,126510,126512],{"className":66,"code":126511,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126513,126514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126515,126516,126518,126520,126522,126525,126527],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126517,49256],{"class":79},[73,126519,11789],{"class":83},[73,126521,43920],{"class":79},[73,126523,126524],{"class":198},"CSV",[73,126526,86018],{"class":86017},[73,126528,121769],{"class":105},[59,126530,126532],{"id":126531},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[292,126534,126536],{"id":126535},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[64,126538,126540],{"className":66,"code":126539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126541,126542,126555],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126543,126544,126546,126548,126550,126553],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126545,125820],{"class":79},[73,126547,84],{"class":83},[73,126549,88],{"class":87},[73,126551,126552],{"class":91},"sales.csv",[73,126554,95],{"class":87},[73,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126558,102],{"class":101},[73,126560,106],{"class":105},[73,126562,125838],{"class":114},[73,126564,817],{"class":105},[73,126566,125843],{"class":114},[73,126568,106],{"class":105},[73,126570,384],{"class":87},[73,126572,125850],{"class":91},[73,126574,384],{"class":87},[73,126576,118],{"class":105},[20,126578,1660],{},[64,126580,126581],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126582,126583],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126584,126585],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126586,3566],{"class":3438},[292,126588,126590],{"id":126589},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[64,126592,126594],{"className":66,"code":126593,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126595,126596,126610],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126597,126598,126601,126603,126605,126608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126599,126600],{"class":79},"url ",[73,126602,84],{"class":83},[73,126604,88],{"class":87},[73,126606,126607],{"class":91},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[73,126609,95],{"class":87},[73,126611,126612,126614,126616,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126630,126632],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126613,102],{"class":101},[73,126615,106],{"class":105},[73,126617,126618],{"class":114},"url",[73,126620,817],{"class":105},[73,126622,125843],{"class":114},[73,126624,106],{"class":105},[73,126626,384],{"class":87},[73,126628,126629],{"class":91},"\u002F",[73,126631,384],{"class":87},[73,126633,118],{"class":105},[20,126635,1660],{},[64,126637,126638],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126639,126640],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126641,126642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126643,3566],{"class":3438},[292,126645,126647],{"id":126646},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[64,126649,126651],{"className":66,"code":126650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126652,126653,126666],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126654,126655,126657,126659,126661,126664],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126656,89389],{"class":79},[73,126658,84],{"class":83},[73,126660,88],{"class":87},[73,126662,126663],{"class":91},"Hello!",[73,126665,95],{"class":87},[73,126667,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126669,102],{"class":101},[73,126671,106],{"class":105},[73,126673,89406],{"class":114},[73,126675,817],{"class":105},[73,126677,125843],{"class":114},[73,126679,106],{"class":105},[73,126681,384],{"class":87},[73,126683,89230],{"class":91},[73,126685,384],{"class":87},[73,126687,118],{"class":105},[20,126689,1660],{},[64,126691,126692],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126693,126694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126695,126696],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126697,3566],{"class":3438},[292,126699,126701],{"id":126700},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[64,126703,126705],{"className":66,"code":126704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126706,126707,126720],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126708,126709,126711,126713,126715,126718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126710,125820],{"class":79},[73,126712,84],{"class":83},[73,126714,88],{"class":87},[73,126716,126717],{"class":91},"photo.jpg",[73,126719,95],{"class":87},[73,126721,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126723,102],{"class":101},[73,126725,106],{"class":105},[73,126727,125838],{"class":114},[73,126729,817],{"class":105},[73,126731,125843],{"class":114},[73,126733,5097],{"class":105},[73,126735,384],{"class":87},[73,126737,126228],{"class":91},[73,126739,384],{"class":87},[73,126741,149],{"class":105},[73,126743,88],{"class":87},[73,126745,126175],{"class":91},[73,126747,384],{"class":87},[73,126749,149],{"class":105},[73,126751,88],{"class":87},[73,126753,126245],{"class":91},[73,126755,384],{"class":87},[73,126757,2503],{"class":105},[20,126759,1660],{},[64,126761,126762],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126763,126764],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126765,126766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126767,3566],{"class":3438},[20,126769,126770,126771,817],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[587,126772,126773],{"href":122992},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[59,126775,123384],{"id":123383},[20,126777,126778,123195],{},[15,126779,125795],{},[20,126781,126782,126783,355,126786,126789],{},"That means ",[15,126784,126785],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126787,126788],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[64,126791,126793],{"className":66,"code":126792,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126794,126795,126808,126812,126834],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126796,126797,126799,126801,126803,126806],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126798,125820],{"class":79},[73,126800,84],{"class":83},[73,126802,88],{"class":87},[73,126804,126805],{"class":91},"REPORT.CSV",[73,126807,95],{"class":87},[73,126809,126810],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126811,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,126813,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,126815,102],{"class":101},[73,126817,106],{"class":105},[73,126819,125838],{"class":114},[73,126821,817],{"class":105},[73,126823,125843],{"class":114},[73,126825,106],{"class":105},[73,126827,384],{"class":87},[73,126829,125850],{"class":91},[73,126831,384],{"class":87},[73,126833,118],{"class":105},[73,126835,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126853,126855],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,126837,102],{"class":101},[73,126839,106],{"class":105},[73,126841,125838],{"class":114},[73,126843,817],{"class":105},[73,126845,125843],{"class":114},[73,126847,106],{"class":105},[73,126849,384],{"class":87},[73,126851,126852],{"class":91},".CSV",[73,126854,384],{"class":87},[73,126856,118],{"class":105},[20,126858,1660],{},[64,126860,126862],{"className":66,"code":126861,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126863,126864,126868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126865,126866],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126867,3627],{"class":3438},[73,126869,126870],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126871,3566],{"class":3438},[20,126873,126874,126875,817],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[587,126876,126877],{"href":123464},[15,126878,123467],{},[64,126880,126882],{"className":66,"code":126881,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126883,126884,126896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126885,126886,126888,126890,126892,126894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126887,125820],{"class":79},[73,126889,84],{"class":83},[73,126891,88],{"class":87},[73,126893,126805],{"class":91},[73,126895,95],{"class":87},[73,126897,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126899,102],{"class":101},[73,126901,106],{"class":105},[73,126903,125838],{"class":114},[73,126905,817],{"class":105},[73,126907,206],{"class":114},[73,126909,8228],{"class":105},[73,126911,125843],{"class":114},[73,126913,106],{"class":105},[73,126915,384],{"class":87},[73,126917,125850],{"class":91},[73,126919,384],{"class":87},[73,126921,118],{"class":105},[20,126923,1660],{},[64,126925,126926],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126927,126928],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126929,126930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126931,3566],{"class":3438},[59,126933,126935],{"id":126934},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126937,126938],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[64,126940,126942],{"className":66,"code":126941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126943,126944,126957],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126945,126946,126948,126950,126952,126955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126947,125820],{"class":79},[73,126949,84],{"class":83},[73,126951,88],{"class":87},[73,126953,126954],{"class":91},"picture.gif",[73,126956,95],{"class":87},[73,126958,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,126960,102],{"class":101},[73,126962,106],{"class":105},[73,126964,125838],{"class":114},[73,126966,817],{"class":105},[73,126968,125843],{"class":114},[73,126970,5097],{"class":105},[73,126972,384],{"class":87},[73,126974,126228],{"class":91},[73,126976,384],{"class":87},[73,126978,149],{"class":105},[73,126980,88],{"class":87},[73,126982,126175],{"class":91},[73,126984,384],{"class":87},[73,126986,149],{"class":105},[73,126988,88],{"class":87},[73,126990,126245],{"class":91},[73,126992,384],{"class":87},[73,126994,2503],{"class":105},[20,126996,1660],{},[64,126998,126999],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127000,127001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127002,127003],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127004,3566],{"class":3438},[20,127006,127007],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127009,51458],{},[64,127011,127013],{"className":66,"code":127012,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127014,127015,127028,127063,127067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127016,127017,127020,127022,127024,127026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127018,127019],{"class":79},"document ",[73,127021,84],{"class":83},[73,127023,88],{"class":87},[73,127025,86277],{"class":91},[73,127027,95],{"class":87},[73,127029,127030,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127050,127052,127054,127056,127059,127061],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127031,127032],{"class":79},"allowed ",[73,127034,84],{"class":83},[73,127036,8828],{"class":105},[73,127038,384],{"class":87},[73,127040,125873],{"class":91},[73,127042,384],{"class":87},[73,127044,149],{"class":105},[73,127046,88],{"class":87},[73,127048,127049],{"class":91},".md",[73,127051,384],{"class":87},[73,127053,149],{"class":105},[73,127055,88],{"class":87},[73,127057,127058],{"class":91},".docx",[73,127060,384],{"class":87},[73,127062,854],{"class":105},[73,127064,127065],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127066,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,127068,127069,127071,127073,127076,127078,127080,127082,127085],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,127070,102],{"class":101},[73,127072,106],{"class":105},[73,127074,127075],{"class":114},"document",[73,127077,817],{"class":105},[73,127079,125843],{"class":114},[73,127081,106],{"class":105},[73,127083,127084],{"class":114},"allowed",[73,127086,118],{"class":105},[20,127088,1660],{},[64,127090,127091],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127092,127093],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127094,127095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127096,3566],{"class":3438},[20,127098,127099,127100,817],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[587,127101,125737,127103,10333],{"href":127102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127104,127105],{},"startswith()",[59,127107,1207],{"id":1206},[20,127109,8038,127110,817],{},[15,127111,125795],{},[292,127113,127115],{"id":127114},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127117,4114],{},[64,127119,127121],{"className":66,"code":127120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127122,127123,127135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127124,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127126,125820],{"class":79},[73,127128,84],{"class":83},[73,127130,88],{"class":87},[73,127132,126717],{"class":91},[73,127134,95],{"class":87},[73,127136,127137],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127138,127139],{"class":3249},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127141,127142],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[64,127144,127146],{"className":66,"code":127145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127147,127148,127160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127149,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127151,125820],{"class":79},[73,127153,84],{"class":83},[73,127155,88],{"class":87},[73,127157,126717],{"class":91},[73,127159,95],{"class":87},[73,127161,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127163,102],{"class":101},[73,127165,106],{"class":105},[73,127167,125838],{"class":114},[73,127169,817],{"class":105},[73,127171,125843],{"class":114},[73,127173,5097],{"class":105},[73,127175,384],{"class":87},[73,127177,126228],{"class":91},[73,127179,384],{"class":87},[73,127181,149],{"class":105},[73,127183,88],{"class":87},[73,127185,126175],{"class":91},[73,127187,384],{"class":87},[73,127189,2503],{"class":105},[292,127191,127193],{"id":127192},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[64,127195,127197],{"className":66,"code":127196,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127198,127199,127211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127200,127201,127203,127205,127207,127209],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127202,125820],{"class":79},[73,127204,84],{"class":83},[73,127206,88],{"class":87},[73,127208,126805],{"class":91},[73,127210,95],{"class":87},[73,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127214,102],{"class":101},[73,127216,106],{"class":105},[73,127218,125838],{"class":114},[73,127220,817],{"class":105},[73,127222,125843],{"class":114},[73,127224,106],{"class":105},[73,127226,384],{"class":87},[73,127228,125850],{"class":91},[73,127230,384],{"class":87},[73,127232,118],{"class":105},[20,127234,1660],{},[64,127236,127237],{"className":66,"code":3627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127238,127239],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127240,127241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127242,3627],{"class":3438},[20,127244,38634],{},[64,127246,127247],{"className":66,"code":126881,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127248,127249,127261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127250,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127252,125820],{"class":79},[73,127254,84],{"class":83},[73,127256,88],{"class":87},[73,127258,126805],{"class":91},[73,127260,95],{"class":87},[73,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127264,102],{"class":101},[73,127266,106],{"class":105},[73,127268,125838],{"class":114},[73,127270,817],{"class":105},[73,127272,206],{"class":114},[73,127274,8228],{"class":105},[73,127276,125843],{"class":114},[73,127278,106],{"class":105},[73,127280,384],{"class":87},[73,127282,125850],{"class":91},[73,127284,384],{"class":87},[73,127286,118],{"class":105},[292,127288,36575,127290,8295,127292],{"id":127289},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127291,125795],{},[15,127293,3469],{},[20,127295,127296,127298],{},[15,127297,125795],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[64,127300,127302],{"className":66,"code":127301,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127303,127304,127317,127321,127343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127305,127306,127308,127310,127312,127315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127307,461],{"class":79},[73,127309,84],{"class":83},[73,127311,88],{"class":87},[73,127313,127314],{"class":91},"my_report.csv.backup",[73,127316,95],{"class":87},[73,127318,127319],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127320,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,127322,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127324,102],{"class":101},[73,127326,106],{"class":105},[73,127328,482],{"class":114},[73,127330,817],{"class":105},[73,127332,125843],{"class":114},[73,127334,106],{"class":105},[73,127336,384],{"class":87},[73,127338,125850],{"class":91},[73,127340,384],{"class":87},[73,127342,118],{"class":105},[73,127344,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,127346,102],{"class":101},[73,127348,106],{"class":105},[73,127350,384],{"class":87},[73,127352,125850],{"class":91},[73,127354,384],{"class":87},[73,127356,20773],{"class":646},[73,127358,42216],{"class":114},[73,127360,854],{"class":105},[20,127362,1660],{},[64,127364,127365],{"className":66,"code":126861,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127366,127367,127371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127368,127369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127370,3627],{"class":3438},[73,127372,127373],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127374,3566],{"class":3438},[292,127376,8044,127378,127380],{"id":127377},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127379,125795],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127382,127383,127385],{},[15,127384,125795],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[64,127387,127389],{"className":66,"code":127388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127390,127391,127403,127425],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127392,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127394,125820],{"class":79},[73,127396,84],{"class":83},[73,127398,88],{"class":87},[73,127400,125827],{"class":91},[73,127402,95],{"class":87},[73,127404,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127406,102],{"class":101},[73,127408,106],{"class":105},[73,127410,125838],{"class":114},[73,127412,817],{"class":105},[73,127414,125843],{"class":114},[73,127416,106],{"class":105},[73,127418,384],{"class":87},[73,127420,125850],{"class":91},[73,127422,384],{"class":87},[73,127424,118],{"class":105},[73,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127428,102],{"class":101},[73,127430,106],{"class":105},[73,127432,125838],{"class":114},[73,127434,854],{"class":105},[20,127436,1660],{},[64,127438,127440],{"className":66,"code":127439,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127441,127442,127446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127443,127444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127445,3566],{"class":3438},[73,127447,127448,127451,127453],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127449,127450],{"class":79},"report",[73,127452,817],{"class":105},[73,127454,127455],{"class":851},"csv\n",[20,127457,127458,127459,817],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[587,127460,127461],{"href":123905},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127463,65445],{},[30,127465,127466,127469,127472,127475],{},[33,127467,127468],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127470,127471],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127473,127474],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127476,438,127477,44005,127479,2468,127481,110934],{},[15,127478,125795],{},[15,127480,123908],{},[15,127482,41027],{},[20,127484,29733],{},[64,127486,127488],{"className":66,"code":127487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127489,127490,127500,127514,127536,127562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127491,127492,127494,127496,127498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127493,102],{"class":101},[73,127495,106],{"class":105},[73,127497,482],{"class":114},[73,127499,854],{"class":105},[73,127501,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127503,102],{"class":101},[73,127505,106],{"class":105},[73,127507,41153],{"class":101},[73,127509,106],{"class":105},[73,127511,482],{"class":114},[73,127513,118],{"class":105},[73,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127517,102],{"class":101},[73,127519,106],{"class":105},[73,127521,482],{"class":114},[73,127523,817],{"class":105},[73,127525,125843],{"class":114},[73,127527,106],{"class":105},[73,127529,141],{"class":87},[73,127531,125850],{"class":91},[73,127533,141],{"class":87},[73,127535,118],{"class":105},[73,127537,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,127539,102],{"class":101},[73,127541,106],{"class":105},[73,127543,482],{"class":114},[73,127545,817],{"class":105},[73,127547,206],{"class":114},[73,127549,8228],{"class":105},[73,127551,125843],{"class":114},[73,127553,106],{"class":105},[73,127555,141],{"class":87},[73,127557,125850],{"class":91},[73,127559,141],{"class":87},[73,127561,118],{"class":105},[73,127563,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,127565,102],{"class":101},[73,127567,106],{"class":105},[73,127569,1271],{"class":1270},[73,127571,106],{"class":105},[73,127573,482],{"class":114},[73,127575,118],{"class":105},[59,127577,1405],{"id":1404},[292,127579,12300,127581,127583],{"id":127580},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127582,125795],{}," change the string?",[20,127585,127586,127587,2468,127589,817],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127588,3190],{},[15,127590,3260],{},[292,127592,1446,127594,127596],{"id":127593},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127595,125795],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127598,127599,127600,817],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127601,127602],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[292,127604,14501,127606,124073],{"id":127605},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127607,125795],{},[20,127609,127610,127611,2468,127613,127616],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127612,123467],{},[15,127614,127615],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[292,127618,1419,127620,355,127622,1424],{"id":127619},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127621,125795],{},[15,127623,123732],{},[20,127625,127626,127628,127629,127631],{},[15,127627,125795],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127630,123732],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[59,127633,1461],{"id":1460},[30,127635,127636,127642,127648,127652,127656],{},[33,127637,127638],{},[587,127639,125737,127640,10333],{"href":127102},[15,127641,127105],{},[33,127643,127644],{},[587,127645,125737,127646,10333],{"href":123464},[15,127647,123467],{},[33,127649,127650],{},[587,127651,124136],{"href":122992},[33,127653,127654],{},[587,127655,124143],{"href":123905},[33,127657,127658],{},[587,127659,124492],{"href":50353},[1500,127661,127662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":127664},[127665,127666,127668,127669,127674,127675,127681,127682,127683,127691,127701],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":125903,"depth":98,"text":127667},"What endswith() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":126118,"depth":98,"text":126119,"children":127670},[127671,127672,127673],{"id":126032,"depth":332,"text":126032},{"id":35442,"depth":332,"text":35442},{"id":52039,"depth":332,"text":52039},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":126531,"depth":98,"text":126532,"children":127676},[127677,127678,127679,127680],{"id":126535,"depth":332,"text":126536},{"id":126589,"depth":332,"text":126590},{"id":126646,"depth":332,"text":126647},{"id":126700,"depth":332,"text":126701},{"id":123383,"depth":98,"text":123384},{"id":126934,"depth":98,"text":126935},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":127684},[127685,127686,127687,127689],{"id":127114,"depth":332,"text":127115},{"id":127192,"depth":332,"text":127193},{"id":127289,"depth":332,"text":127688},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127377,"depth":332,"text":127690},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":127692},[127693,127695,127697,127699],{"id":127580,"depth":332,"text":127694},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127593,"depth":332,"text":127696},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127605,"depth":332,"text":127698},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127619,"depth":332,"text":127700},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125787,"description":127702},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127709,"title":127710,"body":127711,"description":129379,"extension":1552,"meta":129380,"navigation":335,"path":129381,"seo":129382,"stem":129383,"__hash__":129384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127712,"toc":129352},[127713,127718,127723,127728,127733,127826,127836,127841,127846,127861,127863,127945,127953,127955,127957,127984,127986,128002,128009,128011,128119,128121,128126,128142,128144,128239,128247,128250,128256,128261,128266,128273,128412,128415,128428,128430,128434,128441,128511,128514,128563,128570,128577,128591,128596,128601,128647,128693,128709,128711,128716,128730,128733,128855,128860,128862,128867,128900,128903,128979,128981,128990,129004,129007,129091,129094,129205,129208,129236,129238,129245,129249,129255,129258,129264,129267,129274,129285,129291,129298,129300,129349],[10,127714,122737,127716,10916],{"id":127715},"python-string-find-method",[15,127717,123732],{},[20,127719,122742,127720,127722],{},[15,127721,123732],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127724,127725,127726,817],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127727,65236],{},[20,127729,121,127730,127732],{},[15,127731,123732],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[64,127734,127736],{"className":66,"code":127735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127737,127738,127750,127773,127786,127790,127813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127739,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127741,461],{"class":79},[73,127743,84],{"class":83},[73,127745,88],{"class":87},[73,127747,59787],{"class":91},[73,127749,95],{"class":87},[73,127751,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127753,64301],{"class":79},[73,127755,84],{"class":83},[73,127757,42216],{"class":79},[73,127759,817],{"class":105},[73,127761,127762],{"class":114},"find",[73,127764,106],{"class":105},[73,127766,384],{"class":87},[73,127768,59972],{"class":91},[73,127770,384],{"class":87},[73,127772,854],{"class":105},[73,127774,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127776,102],{"class":101},[73,127778,106],{"class":105},[73,127780,64328],{"class":114},[73,127782,3246],{"class":105},[73,127784,127785],{"class":3249},"   # 6\n",[73,127787,127788],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,127789,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,127791,127792,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,127793,127794],{"class":79},"missing ",[73,127796,84],{"class":83},[73,127798,42216],{"class":79},[73,127800,817],{"class":105},[73,127802,127762],{"class":114},[73,127804,106],{"class":105},[73,127806,384],{"class":87},[73,127808,68],{"class":91},[73,127810,384],{"class":87},[73,127812,854],{"class":105},[73,127814,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,127816,102],{"class":101},[73,127818,106],{"class":105},[73,127820,26369],{"class":114},[73,127822,3246],{"class":105},[73,127824,127825],{"class":3249},"    # -1\n",[42955,127827,127828],{},[20,127829,121,127830,127832,127833,127835],{},[15,127831,123732],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127834,65236],{}," if the substring is not found.",[59,127837,236,127839,239],{"id":127838},"what-find-does",[15,127840,123732],{},[20,127842,127843,127845],{},[15,127844,123732],{}," is a string method that:",[30,127847,127848,127851,127854,127859],{},[33,127849,127850],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,127852,127853],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,127855,11018,127856,127858],{},[15,127857,65236],{}," if no match is found",[33,127860,125923],{},[20,127862,714],{},[64,127864,127866],{"className":66,"code":127865,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127867,127868,127880,127884,127908,127932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127869,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127871,461],{"class":79},[73,127873,84],{"class":83},[73,127875,88],{"class":87},[73,127877,3675],{"class":91},[73,127879,95],{"class":87},[73,127881,127882],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,127883,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,127885,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,127887,102],{"class":101},[73,127889,106],{"class":105},[73,127891,482],{"class":114},[73,127893,817],{"class":105},[73,127895,127762],{"class":114},[73,127897,106],{"class":105},[73,127899,384],{"class":87},[73,127901,122830],{"class":91},[73,127903,384],{"class":87},[73,127905,4948],{"class":105},[73,127907,57025],{"class":3249},[73,127909,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,127911,102],{"class":101},[73,127913,106],{"class":105},[73,127915,482],{"class":114},[73,127917,817],{"class":105},[73,127919,127762],{"class":114},[73,127921,106],{"class":105},[73,127923,384],{"class":87},[73,127925,354],{"class":91},[73,127927,384],{"class":87},[73,127929,4948],{"class":105},[73,127931,127825],{"class":3249},[73,127933,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,127935,102],{"class":101},[73,127937,106],{"class":105},[73,127939,482],{"class":114},[73,127941,3246],{"class":105},[73,127943,127944],{"class":3249},"              # banana\n",[20,127946,20370,127947,127950,127951,817],{},[15,127948,127949],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127952,1646],{},[59,127954,285],{"id":284},[20,127956,1750],{},[64,127958,127960],{"className":66,"code":127959,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127961,127962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127963,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127965,60555],{"class":79},[73,127967,817],{"class":105},[73,127969,127762],{"class":114},[73,127971,106],{"class":105},[73,127973,2063],{"class":114},[73,127975,149],{"class":105},[73,127977,35421],{"class":114},[73,127979,149],{"class":105},[73,127981,64422],{"class":114},[73,127983,854],{"class":105},[292,127985,16993],{"id":16992},[30,127987,127988,127992,127997],{},[33,127989,127990,122929],{},[15,127991,2063],{},[33,127993,127994,127996],{},[15,127995,35442],{},": optional starting position",[33,127998,127999,128001],{},[15,128000,52039],{},": optional ending position",[20,128003,128004,355,128006,128008],{},[15,128005,35442],{},[15,128007,52039],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128010,126066],{},[64,128012,128014],{"className":66,"code":128013,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128015,128016,128028,128032,128057,128086],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128019,461],{"class":79},[73,128021,84],{"class":83},[73,128023,88],{"class":87},[73,128025,59787],{"class":91},[73,128027,95],{"class":87},[73,128029,128030],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128031,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128033,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128035,102],{"class":101},[73,128037,106],{"class":105},[73,128039,482],{"class":114},[73,128041,817],{"class":105},[73,128043,127762],{"class":114},[73,128045,106],{"class":105},[73,128047,384],{"class":87},[73,128049,59854],{"class":91},[73,128051,384],{"class":87},[73,128053,4948],{"class":105},[73,128055,128056],{"class":3249},"        # 4\n",[73,128058,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128060,102],{"class":101},[73,128062,106],{"class":105},[73,128064,482],{"class":114},[73,128066,817],{"class":105},[73,128068,127762],{"class":114},[73,128070,106],{"class":105},[73,128072,384],{"class":87},[73,128074,59854],{"class":91},[73,128076,384],{"class":87},[73,128078,149],{"class":105},[73,128080,4194],{"class":315},[73,128082,4948],{"class":105},[73,128084,128085],{"class":3249},"     # 7\n",[73,128087,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,128089,102],{"class":101},[73,128091,106],{"class":105},[73,128093,482],{"class":114},[73,128095,817],{"class":105},[73,128097,127762],{"class":114},[73,128099,106],{"class":105},[73,128101,384],{"class":87},[73,128103,59854],{"class":91},[73,128105,384],{"class":87},[73,128107,149],{"class":105},[73,128109,4194],{"class":315},[73,128111,149],{"class":105},[73,128113,5581],{"class":315},[73,128115,4948],{"class":105},[73,128117,128118],{"class":3249},"  # -1\n",[59,128120,37392],{"id":37391},[20,128122,56924,128123,128125],{},[15,128124,123732],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128127,128128,128134,128137],{},[33,128129,128130,128131,128133],{},"A number ",[15,128132,1710],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128135,128136],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128138,128139,128141],{},[15,128140,65236],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128143,714],{},[64,128145,128147],{"className":66,"code":128146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128148,128149,128161,128165,128190,128215],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128150,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128152,461],{"class":79},[73,128154,84],{"class":83},[73,128156,88],{"class":87},[73,128158,68],{"class":91},[73,128160,95],{"class":87},[73,128162,128163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128164,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128166,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128184,128186,128188],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128168,102],{"class":101},[73,128170,106],{"class":105},[73,128172,482],{"class":114},[73,128174,817],{"class":105},[73,128176,127762],{"class":114},[73,128178,106],{"class":105},[73,128180,384],{"class":87},[73,128182,128183],{"class":91},"py",[73,128185,384],{"class":87},[73,128187,4948],{"class":105},[73,128189,20367],{"class":3249},[73,128191,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204,128206,128209,128211,128213],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128193,102],{"class":101},[73,128195,106],{"class":105},[73,128197,482],{"class":114},[73,128199,817],{"class":105},[73,128201,127762],{"class":114},[73,128203,106],{"class":105},[73,128205,384],{"class":87},[73,128207,128208],{"class":91},"th",[73,128210,384],{"class":87},[73,128212,4948],{"class":105},[73,128214,57025],{"class":3249},[73,128216,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,128218,102],{"class":101},[73,128220,106],{"class":105},[73,128222,482],{"class":114},[73,128224,817],{"class":105},[73,128226,127762],{"class":114},[73,128228,106],{"class":105},[73,128230,384],{"class":87},[73,128232,21676],{"class":91},[73,128234,384],{"class":87},[73,128236,4948],{"class":105},[73,128238,127825],{"class":3249},[20,128240,89292,128241,8047,128243,2468,128245,817],{},[15,128242,123732],{},[15,128244,3190],{},[15,128246,3260],{},[20,128248,128249],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[59,128251,438,128252,355,128254],{"id":64788},[15,128253,35442],{},[15,128255,52039],{},[20,128257,121,128258,128260],{},[15,128259,35442],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128262,121,128263,128265],{},[15,128264,52039],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128267,1569,128268,74844,128270,128272],{},[15,128269,52039],{},[55,128271,64451],{}," in the search.",[64,128274,128276],{"className":66,"code":128275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128277,128278,128291,128295,128319,128348,128380],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128279,128280,128282,128284,128286,128289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128281,461],{"class":79},[73,128283,84],{"class":83},[73,128285,88],{"class":87},[73,128287,128288],{"class":91},"one two three two",[73,128290,95],{"class":87},[73,128292,128293],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128294,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128296,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128298,102],{"class":101},[73,128300,106],{"class":105},[73,128302,482],{"class":114},[73,128304,817],{"class":105},[73,128306,127762],{"class":114},[73,128308,106],{"class":105},[73,128310,384],{"class":87},[73,128312,78653],{"class":91},[73,128314,384],{"class":87},[73,128316,4948],{"class":105},[73,128318,128056],{"class":3249},[73,128320,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128322,102],{"class":101},[73,128324,106],{"class":105},[73,128326,482],{"class":114},[73,128328,817],{"class":105},[73,128330,127762],{"class":114},[73,128332,106],{"class":105},[73,128334,384],{"class":87},[73,128336,78653],{"class":91},[73,128338,384],{"class":87},[73,128340,149],{"class":105},[73,128342,4194],{"class":315},[73,128344,4948],{"class":105},[73,128346,128347],{"class":3249},"     # 14\n",[73,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,128351,102],{"class":101},[73,128353,106],{"class":105},[73,128355,482],{"class":114},[73,128357,817],{"class":105},[73,128359,127762],{"class":114},[73,128361,106],{"class":105},[73,128363,384],{"class":87},[73,128365,78653],{"class":91},[73,128367,384],{"class":87},[73,128369,149],{"class":105},[73,128371,3420],{"class":315},[73,128373,149],{"class":105},[73,128375,5581],{"class":315},[73,128377,4948],{"class":105},[73,128379,50313],{"class":3249},[73,128381,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,128383,102],{"class":101},[73,128385,106],{"class":105},[73,128387,482],{"class":114},[73,128389,817],{"class":105},[73,128391,127762],{"class":114},[73,128393,106],{"class":105},[73,128395,384],{"class":87},[73,128397,78653],{"class":91},[73,128399,384],{"class":87},[73,128401,149],{"class":105},[73,128403,3420],{"class":315},[73,128405,149],{"class":105},[73,128407,2047],{"class":315},[73,128409,4948],{"class":105},[73,128411,128118],{"class":3249},[20,128413,128414],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128416,128417,128418,54448,128422,817],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[587,128419,128421],{"href":128420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[587,128423,128425,128427],{"href":128424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128426,59912],{}," string method",[59,128429,123384],{"id":123383},[20,128431,128432,123195],{},[15,128433,123732],{},[20,128435,126782,128436,355,128438,128440],{},[15,128437,89800],{},[15,128439,63916],{}," are treated as different text.",[64,128442,128444],{"className":66,"code":128443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128445,128446,128459,128463,128487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128447,128448,128450,128452,128454,128457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128449,461],{"class":79},[73,128451,84],{"class":83},[73,128453,88],{"class":87},[73,128455,128456],{"class":91},"Hello World",[73,128458,95],{"class":87},[73,128460,128461],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128462,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128464,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128466,102],{"class":101},[73,128468,106],{"class":105},[73,128470,482],{"class":114},[73,128472,817],{"class":105},[73,128474,127762],{"class":114},[73,128476,106],{"class":105},[73,128478,384],{"class":87},[73,128480,652],{"class":91},[73,128482,384],{"class":87},[73,128484,4948],{"class":105},[73,128486,50625],{"class":3249},[73,128488,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128490,102],{"class":101},[73,128492,106],{"class":105},[73,128494,482],{"class":114},[73,128496,817],{"class":105},[73,128498,127762],{"class":114},[73,128500,106],{"class":105},[73,128502,384],{"class":87},[73,128504,92],{"class":91},[73,128506,384],{"class":87},[73,128508,4948],{"class":105},[73,128510,128118],{"class":3249},[20,128512,128513],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[64,128515,128517],{"className":66,"code":128516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128518,128519,128531,128535],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128520,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128522,461],{"class":79},[73,128524,84],{"class":83},[73,128526,88],{"class":87},[73,128528,128456],{"class":91},[73,128530,95],{"class":87},[73,128532,128533],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128534,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128536,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128538,102],{"class":101},[73,128540,106],{"class":105},[73,128542,482],{"class":114},[73,128544,817],{"class":105},[73,128546,206],{"class":114},[73,128548,8228],{"class":105},[73,128550,127762],{"class":114},[73,128552,106],{"class":105},[73,128554,384],{"class":87},[73,128556,92],{"class":91},[73,128558,384],{"class":87},[73,128560,4948],{"class":105},[73,128562,50625],{"class":3249},[59,128564,128566,1011,128568],{"id":128565},"find-vs-index",[15,128567,123732],{},[15,128569,58348],{},[20,128571,128572,355,128574,128576],{},[15,128573,123732],{},[15,128575,58348],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128578,128579,128585],{},[33,128580,128581,1987,128583],{},[15,128582,123732],{},[15,128584,65236],{},[33,128586,128587,51873,128589],{},[15,128588,58348],{},[15,128590,40077],{},[20,128592,121,128593,128595],{},[15,128594,123732],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128597,121,128598,128600],{},[15,128599,58348],{}," when the value must exist.",[64,128602,128604],{"className":66,"code":128603,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128605,128606,128618,128622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128607,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128609,461],{"class":79},[73,128611,84],{"class":83},[73,128613,88],{"class":87},[73,128615,92],{"class":91},[73,128617,95],{"class":87},[73,128619,128620],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128621,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128623,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128625,102],{"class":101},[73,128627,106],{"class":105},[73,128629,482],{"class":114},[73,128631,817],{"class":105},[73,128633,127762],{"class":114},[73,128635,106],{"class":105},[73,128637,384],{"class":87},[73,128639,354],{"class":91},[73,128641,384],{"class":87},[73,128643,4948],{"class":105},[73,128645,128646],{"class":3249},"   # -1\n",[64,128648,128650],{"className":66,"code":128649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128651,128652,128664,128668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128653,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128655,461],{"class":79},[73,128657,84],{"class":83},[73,128659,88],{"class":87},[73,128661,92],{"class":91},[73,128663,95],{"class":87},[73,128665,128666],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128667,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128669,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128671,102],{"class":101},[73,128673,106],{"class":105},[73,128675,482],{"class":114},[73,128677,817],{"class":105},[73,128679,35215],{"class":114},[73,128681,106],{"class":105},[73,128683,384],{"class":87},[73,128685,354],{"class":91},[73,128687,384],{"class":87},[73,128689,4948],{"class":105},[73,128691,128692],{"class":3249},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128694,128695,128696,128700,128701,128703,128704,817],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[587,128697,128698,128427],{"href":123757},[15,128699,58348],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128702,58348],{},", read ",[587,128705,25276,128706],{"href":72864},[15,128707,128708],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[59,128710,40419],{"id":40418},[20,128712,1210,128713,128715],{},[15,128714,123732],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,128717,128718,128721,128724,128727],{},[33,128719,128720],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,128722,128723],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,128725,128726],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,128728,128729],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128731,128732],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[64,128734,128736],{"className":66,"code":128735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128737,128738,128751,128774,128778,128793,128809,128828,128842],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128739,128740,128742,128744,128746,128749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128741,461],{"class":79},[73,128743,84],{"class":83},[73,128745,88],{"class":87},[73,128747,128748],{"class":91},"name:Alice",[73,128750,95],{"class":87},[73,128752,128753,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128754,128755],{"class":79},"colon_pos ",[73,128757,84],{"class":83},[73,128759,42216],{"class":79},[73,128761,817],{"class":105},[73,128763,127762],{"class":114},[73,128765,106],{"class":105},[73,128767,384],{"class":87},[73,128769,2475],{"class":91},[73,128771,384],{"class":87},[73,128773,854],{"class":105},[73,128775,128776],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128777,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128779,128780,128782,128785,128787,128789,128791],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128781,6588],{"class":646},[73,128783,128784],{"class":79}," colon_pos ",[73,128786,71974],{"class":83},[73,128788,1811],{"class":83},[73,128790,404],{"class":315},[73,128792,5982],{"class":105},[73,128794,128795,128798,128800,128802,128804,128807],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,128796,128797],{"class":79},"    label ",[73,128799,84],{"class":83},[73,128801,42216],{"class":79},[73,128803,74917],{"class":105},[73,128805,128806],{"class":79},"colon_pos",[73,128808,229],{"class":105},[73,128810,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,128812,26997],{"class":79},[73,128814,84],{"class":83},[73,128816,42216],{"class":79},[73,128818,138],{"class":105},[73,128820,128755],{"class":79},[73,128822,1649],{"class":83},[73,128824,5084],{"class":315},[73,128826,128827],{"class":105},":]\n",[73,128829,128830,128832,128834,128837,128839],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,128831,7659],{"class":101},[73,128833,106],{"class":105},[73,128835,128836],{"class":114},"label",[73,128838,3246],{"class":105},[73,128840,128841],{"class":3249},"  # name\n",[73,128843,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,128845,7659],{"class":101},[73,128847,106],{"class":105},[73,128849,2063],{"class":114},[73,128851,3246],{"class":105},[73,128853,128854],{"class":3249},"  # Alice\n",[20,128856,128857,128858,817],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[587,128859,126773],{"href":122992},[59,128861,1207],{"id":1206},[20,128863,128864,128865,2475],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128866,123732],{},[30,128868,128869,128878,128884,128889,128895],{},[33,128870,8044,128871,8047,128873,2468,128875,128877],{},[15,128872,123732],{},[15,128874,3190],{},[15,128876,3260],{}," instead of an index",[33,128879,128880,128881,128883],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128882,65236],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,128885,438,128886,128888],{},[15,128887,123732],{}," without handling case differences",[33,128890,36575,128891,8295,128893],{},[15,128892,123732],{},[15,128894,58348],{},[33,128896,4168,128897,128899],{},[15,128898,123732],{}," changes the string",[20,128901,128902],{},"Example of a mistake:",[64,128904,128906],{"className":66,"code":128905,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128907,128908,128920,128924,128944,128959,128965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128909,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128911,461],{"class":79},[73,128913,84],{"class":83},[73,128915,88],{"class":87},[73,128917,92],{"class":91},[73,128919,95],{"class":87},[73,128921,128922],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,128923,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,128925,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,128927,6588],{"class":646},[73,128929,42216],{"class":79},[73,128931,817],{"class":105},[73,128933,127762],{"class":114},[73,128935,106],{"class":105},[73,128937,384],{"class":87},[73,128939,59819],{"class":91},[73,128941,384],{"class":87},[73,128943,7933],{"class":105},[73,128945,128946,128948,128950,128952,128955,128957],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,128947,7659],{"class":101},[73,128949,106],{"class":105},[73,128951,384],{"class":87},[73,128953,128954],{"class":91},"Found",[73,128956,384],{"class":87},[73,128958,854],{"class":105},[73,128960,128961,128963],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,128962,27030],{"class":646},[73,128964,5982],{"class":105},[73,128966,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,128968,7659],{"class":101},[73,128970,106],{"class":105},[73,128972,384],{"class":87},[73,128974,25911],{"class":91},[73,128976,384],{"class":87},[73,128978,854],{"class":105},[20,128980,99298],{},[64,128982,128984],{"className":66,"code":128983,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Not found\n",[15,128985,128986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128987,128988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128989,128983],{"class":79},[20,128991,45079,128992,128995,128996,1002,128998,129000,129001,129003],{},[15,128993,128994],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128997,1710],{},[15,128999,1710],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129002,6588],{}," statement.",[20,129005,129006],{},"A safer version is:",[64,129008,129010],{"className":66,"code":129009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129011,129012,129024,129028,129057,129071,129077],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129013,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129015,461],{"class":79},[73,129017,84],{"class":83},[73,129019,88],{"class":87},[73,129021,92],{"class":91},[73,129023,95],{"class":87},[73,129025,129026],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129027,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129051,129053,129055],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,129031,6588],{"class":646},[73,129033,42216],{"class":79},[73,129035,817],{"class":105},[73,129037,127762],{"class":114},[73,129039,106],{"class":105},[73,129041,384],{"class":87},[73,129043,59819],{"class":91},[73,129045,384],{"class":87},[73,129047,3246],{"class":105},[73,129049,129050],{"class":83}," !=",[73,129052,1811],{"class":83},[73,129054,404],{"class":315},[73,129056,5982],{"class":105},[73,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,129060,7659],{"class":101},[73,129062,106],{"class":105},[73,129064,384],{"class":87},[73,129066,128954],{"class":91},[73,129068,384],{"class":87},[73,129070,854],{"class":105},[73,129072,129073,129075],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,129074,27030],{"class":646},[73,129076,5982],{"class":105},[73,129078,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,129080,7659],{"class":101},[73,129082,106],{"class":105},[73,129084,384],{"class":87},[73,129086,25911],{"class":91},[73,129088,384],{"class":87},[73,129090,854],{"class":105},[20,129092,129093],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[64,129095,129097],{"className":66,"code":129096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129098,129099,129121,129135,129161,129175],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129100,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129102,102],{"class":101},[73,129104,106],{"class":105},[73,129106,482],{"class":114},[73,129108,817],{"class":105},[73,129110,127762],{"class":114},[73,129112,106],{"class":105},[73,129114,141],{"class":87},[73,129116,37763],{"class":91},[73,129118,141],{"class":87},[73,129120,118],{"class":105},[73,129122,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129124,102],{"class":101},[73,129126,106],{"class":105},[73,129128,41153],{"class":101},[73,129130,106],{"class":105},[73,129132,482],{"class":114},[73,129134,118],{"class":105},[73,129136,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,129138,102],{"class":101},[73,129140,106],{"class":105},[73,129142,482],{"class":114},[73,129144,817],{"class":105},[73,129146,206],{"class":114},[73,129148,8228],{"class":105},[73,129150,127762],{"class":114},[73,129152,106],{"class":105},[73,129154,141],{"class":87},[73,129156,37763],{"class":91},[73,129158,141],{"class":87},[73,129160,118],{"class":105},[73,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,129164,102],{"class":101},[73,129166,106],{"class":105},[73,129168,10755],{"class":101},[73,129170,106],{"class":105},[73,129172,482],{"class":114},[73,129174,118],{"class":105},[73,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,129178,102],{"class":101},[73,129180,106],{"class":105},[73,129182,482],{"class":114},[73,129184,817],{"class":105},[73,129186,127762],{"class":114},[73,129188,106],{"class":105},[73,129190,141],{"class":87},[73,129192,37763],{"class":91},[73,129194,141],{"class":87},[73,129196,149],{"class":105},[73,129198,35421],{"class":114},[73,129200,149],{"class":105},[73,129202,64422],{"class":114},[73,129204,118],{"class":105},[20,129206,129207],{},"These help you check:",[30,129209,129210,129215,129220,129225,129228],{},[33,129211,129212,129213],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129214,123732],{},[33,129216,129217,129218],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129219,121951],{},[33,129221,129222,129223],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129224,123467],{},[33,129226,129227],{},"The string length",[33,129229,129230,129231,355,129233,129235],{},"Whether your ",[15,129232,35442],{},[15,129234,52039],{}," values are correct",[59,129237,1405],{"id":1404},[292,129239,129241,129242,129244],{"id":129240},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129243,123732],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129246,4737,129247,817],{},[15,129248,65236],{},[292,129250,12300,129252,129254],{"id":129251},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129253,123732],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129256,129257],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[292,129259,129261,129262,124073],{"id":129260},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129263,123732],{},[20,129265,129266],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[292,129268,1419,129270,355,129272,69037],{"id":129269},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129271,123732],{},[15,129273,58348],{},[20,129275,129276,1987,129278,129280,129281,51873,129283,817],{},[15,129277,123732],{},[15,129279,65236],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129282,58348],{},[15,129284,40077],{},[292,129286,27925,129288,129290],{"id":129287},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129289,123732],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129292,129293,129294,355,129296,65535],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129295,35442],{},[15,129297,52039],{},[59,129299,1461],{"id":1460},[30,129301,129302,129308,129314,129321,129327,129334,129338,129343],{},[33,129303,129304],{},[587,129305,125737,129306,10333],{"href":123757},[15,129307,58348],{},[33,129309,129310],{},[587,129311,125737,129312,10333],{"href":128424},[15,129313,59912],{},[33,129315,129316],{},[587,129317,125737,129319,10333],{"href":129318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129320,123908],{},[33,129322,129323],{},[587,129324,125737,129325,10333],{"href":127102},[15,129326,127105],{},[33,129328,129329],{},[587,129330,125737,129332,10333],{"href":129331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129333,125795],{},[33,129335,129336],{},[587,129337,124136],{"href":122992},[33,129339,129340],{},[587,129341,129342],{"href":128420},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129344,129345],{},[587,129346,25719,129347],{"href":72864},[15,129348,128708],{},[1500,129350,129351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":129353},[129354,129356,129359,129360,129361,129362,129364,129365,129366,129378],{"id":127838,"depth":98,"text":129355},"What find() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":129357},[129358],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":37391,"depth":98,"text":37392},{"id":64788,"depth":98,"text":65571},{"id":123383,"depth":98,"text":123384},{"id":128565,"depth":98,"text":129363},"find() vs index()",{"id":40418,"depth":98,"text":40419},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":129367},[129368,129370,129372,129374,129376],{"id":129240,"depth":332,"text":129369},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129251,"depth":332,"text":129371},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129260,"depth":332,"text":129373},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129269,"depth":332,"text":129375},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129287,"depth":332,"text":129377},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127710,"description":129379},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129386,"title":129387,"body":129388,"description":131314,"extension":1552,"meta":131315,"navigation":335,"path":131316,"seo":131317,"stem":131318,"__hash__":131319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129389,"toc":131282},[129390,129395,129400,129403,129405,129481,129485,129513,129521,129525,129530,129534,129551,129553,129620,129624,129646,129654,129656,129659,129683,129686,129700,129702,129787,129791,129803,129806,129810,129816,129866,129870,129887,129896,129899,129907,129910,129959,129963,129988,129991,130046,130050,130062,130068,130072,130078,130083,130150,130154,130180,130183,130194,130196,130263,130267,130292,130299,130303,130308,130315,130323,130325,130377,130381,130399,130401,130446,130450,130465,130468,130478,130485,130487,130491,130494,130505,130507,130567,130571,130599,130602,130608,130613,130616,130620,130664,130667,130705,130708,130716,130718,130723,130727,130730,130778,130781,130784,130840,130844,130849,130852,130901,130903,130952,130958,130963,130965,131012,131016,131029,131031,131082,131088,131091,131095,131098,131104,131109,131111,131114,131186,131189,131206,131208,131213,131216,131220,131226,131232,131239,131245,131251,131253,131279],[10,129391,122737,129393,10916],{"id":129392},"python-string-format-method",[15,129394,125740],{},[20,129396,122742,129397,129399],{},[15,129398,125740],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129401,129402],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[59,129404,62],{"id":61},[64,129406,129408],{"className":66,"code":129407,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129409,129410,129422,129430,129434,129471],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129411,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129413,80],{"class":79},[73,129415,84],{"class":83},[73,129417,88],{"class":87},[73,129419,11103],{"class":91},[73,129421,95],{"class":87},[73,129423,129424,129426,129428],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129425,21227],{"class":79},[73,129427,84],{"class":83},[73,129429,88181],{"class":315},[73,129431,129432],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,129433,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,129435,129436,129438,129440,129442,129445,129447,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129461,129463,129465,129467,129469],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,129437,89389],{"class":79},[73,129439,84],{"class":83},[73,129441,88],{"class":87},[73,129443,129444],{"class":91},"My name is ",[73,129446,3378],{"class":315},[73,129448,129449],{"class":91}," and I am ",[73,129451,3378],{"class":315},[73,129453,121733],{"class":91},[73,129455,384],{"class":87},[73,129457,817],{"class":105},[73,129459,129460],{"class":114},"format",[73,129462,106],{"class":105},[73,129464,115],{"class":114},[73,129466,149],{"class":105},[73,129468,8780],{"class":114},[73,129470,854],{"class":105},[73,129472,129473,129475,129477,129479],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,129474,102],{"class":101},[73,129476,106],{"class":105},[73,129478,89406],{"class":114},[73,129480,854],{"class":105},[20,129482,129483],{},[55,129484,1660],{},[64,129486,129488],{"className":66,"code":129487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129489,129490],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129491,129492,129495,129497,129500,129503,129506,129509,129511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129493,129494],{"class":79},"My name ",[73,129496,11789],{"class":83},[73,129498,129499],{"class":79}," Maya ",[73,129501,129502],{"class":83},"and",[73,129504,129505],{"class":79}," I am ",[73,129507,129508],{"class":315},"12",[73,129510,121766],{"class":79},[73,129512,121769],{"class":105},[20,129514,121,129515,129517,129518,129520],{},[15,129516,3378],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129519,125740],{}," in the same order.",[20,129522,124489,129523,817],{},[587,129524,124492],{"href":50353},[59,129526,12593,129528,12596],{"id":129527},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129529,125740],{},[20,129531,1569,129532,11007],{},[15,129533,125740],{},[30,129535,129536,129539,129545,129548],{},[33,129537,129538],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129540,129541,129542,129544],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129543,3378],{}," with given values",[33,129546,129547],{},"returns a new string",[33,129549,129550],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129552,714],{},[64,129554,129556],{"className":66,"code":129555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129557,129558,129572,129595,129599,129610],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129559,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129561,461],{"class":79},[73,129563,84],{"class":83},[73,129565,88],{"class":87},[73,129567,44277],{"class":91},[73,129569,3378],{"class":315},[73,129571,95],{"class":87},[73,129573,129574,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129575,129576],{"class":79},"new_text ",[73,129578,84],{"class":83},[73,129580,42216],{"class":79},[73,129582,817],{"class":105},[73,129584,129460],{"class":114},[73,129586,106],{"class":105},[73,129588,384],{"class":87},[73,129590,327],{"class":91},[73,129592,384],{"class":87},[73,129594,854],{"class":105},[73,129596,129597],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,129598,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,129600,129601,129603,129605,129608],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,129602,102],{"class":101},[73,129604,106],{"class":105},[73,129606,129607],{"class":114},"new_text",[73,129609,854],{"class":105},[73,129611,129612,129614,129616,129618],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,129613,102],{"class":101},[73,129615,106],{"class":105},[73,129617,482],{"class":114},[73,129619,854],{"class":105},[20,129621,129622],{},[55,129623,1660],{},[64,129625,129627],{"className":66,"code":129626,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129628,129629,129638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129630,129631,129633,129635],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129632,652],{"class":79},[73,129634,149],{"class":105},[73,129636,129637],{"class":79}," Sam\n",[73,129639,129640,129642,129644],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129641,652],{"class":79},[73,129643,149],{"class":105},[73,129645,9431],{"class":105},[20,129647,1876,129648,129650,129651,129653],{},[15,129649,482],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129652,125740],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[59,129655,285],{"id":284},[20,129657,129658],{},"The general form is:",[64,129660,129662],{"className":66,"code":129661,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129663,129664],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129665,129666,129668,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129667,384],{"class":42703},[73,129669,129670],{"class":42707},"text {}",[73,129672,384],{"class":42703},[73,129674,817],{"class":105},[73,129676,129460],{"class":114},[73,129678,106],{"class":105},[73,129680,2063],{"class":114},[73,129682,854],{"class":105},[20,129684,129685],{},"Key idea:",[30,129687,129688,129694,129697],{},[33,129689,129690,129691,129693],{},"each ",[15,129692,3378],{}," is a placeholder",[33,129695,129696],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,129698,129699],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129701,714],{},[64,129703,129705],{"className":66,"code":129704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129706,129707,129720,129734,129738,129776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129708,129709,129712,129714,129716,129718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129710,129711],{"class":79},"animal ",[73,129713,84],{"class":83},[73,129715,88],{"class":87},[73,129717,36418],{"class":91},[73,129719,95],{"class":87},[73,129721,129722,129725,129727,129729,129732],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129723,129724],{"class":79},"sound ",[73,129726,84],{"class":83},[73,129728,88],{"class":87},[73,129730,129731],{"class":91},"meow",[73,129733,95],{"class":87},[73,129735,129736],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,129737,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,129739,129740,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766,129769,129771,129774],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,129741,129742],{"class":79},"sentence ",[73,129744,84],{"class":83},[73,129746,88],{"class":87},[73,129748,1569],{"class":91},[73,129750,3378],{"class":315},[73,129752,129753],{"class":91}," says ",[73,129755,3378],{"class":315},[73,129757,817],{"class":91},[73,129759,384],{"class":87},[73,129761,817],{"class":105},[73,129763,129460],{"class":114},[73,129765,106],{"class":105},[73,129767,129768],{"class":114},"animal",[73,129770,149],{"class":105},[73,129772,129773],{"class":114}," sound",[73,129775,854],{"class":105},[73,129777,129778,129780,129782,129785],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,129779,102],{"class":101},[73,129781,106],{"class":105},[73,129783,129784],{"class":114},"sentence",[73,129786,854],{"class":105},[20,129788,129789],{},[55,129790,1660],{},[64,129792,129794],{"className":66,"code":129793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129795,129796],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129797,129798,129801],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129799,129800],{"class":79},"The cat says meow",[73,129802,121769],{"class":105},[20,129804,129805],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[59,129807,129809],{"id":129808},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129811,129812,129813,129815],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129814,3378],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[64,129817,129819],{"className":66,"code":129818,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129820,129821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129822,129823,129825,129827,129829,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129853,129855,129857,129859,129862,129864],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129824,102],{"class":101},[73,129826,106],{"class":105},[73,129828,384],{"class":87},[73,129830,129831],{"class":91},"I like ",[73,129833,3378],{"class":315},[73,129835,355],{"class":91},[73,129837,3378],{"class":315},[73,129839,817],{"class":91},[73,129841,384],{"class":87},[73,129843,817],{"class":105},[73,129845,129460],{"class":114},[73,129847,106],{"class":105},[73,129849,384],{"class":87},[73,129851,129852],{"class":91},"pizza",[73,129854,384],{"class":87},[73,129856,149],{"class":105},[73,129858,88],{"class":87},[73,129860,129861],{"class":91},"pasta",[73,129863,384],{"class":87},[73,129865,118],{"class":105},[20,129867,129868],{},[55,129869,1660],{},[64,129871,129873],{"className":66,"code":129872,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129874,129875],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129876,129877,129880,129882,129885],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129878,129879],{"class":79},"I like pizza ",[73,129881,129502],{"class":83},[73,129883,129884],{"class":79}," pasta",[73,129886,121769],{"class":105},[20,129888,129889,129890,355,129893,817],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129891,129892],{},"{0}",[15,129894,129895],{},"{1}",[20,129897,129898],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,129900,129901,129904],{},[33,129902,129903],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,129905,129906],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129908,129909],{},"Example with reused values:",[64,129911,129913],{"className":66,"code":129912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129914,129915,129949],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129916,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925,129928,129930,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129918,461],{"class":79},[73,129920,84],{"class":83},[73,129922,88],{"class":87},[73,129924,129892],{"class":315},[73,129926,129927],{"class":91}," is learning Python. ",[73,129929,129892],{"class":315},[73,129931,129932],{"class":91}," likes coding.",[73,129934,384],{"class":87},[73,129936,817],{"class":105},[73,129938,129460],{"class":114},[73,129940,106],{"class":105},[73,129942,384],{"class":87},[73,129944,19481],{"class":91},[73,129946,384],{"class":87},[73,129948,854],{"class":105},[73,129950,129951,129953,129955,129957],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,129952,102],{"class":101},[73,129954,106],{"class":105},[73,129956,482],{"class":114},[73,129958,854],{"class":105},[20,129960,129961],{},[55,129962,1660],{},[64,129964,129966],{"className":66,"code":129965,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129967,129968],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129969,129970,129973,129975,129978,129980,129983,129986],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129971,129972],{"class":79},"Lina ",[73,129974,11789],{"class":83},[73,129976,129977],{"class":79}," learning Python",[73,129979,817],{"class":105},[73,129981,129982],{"class":851}," Lina",[73,129984,129985],{"class":79}," likes coding",[73,129987,121769],{"class":105},[20,129989,129990],{},"Example with changed order:",[64,129992,129994],{"className":66,"code":129993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129995,129996,130036],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129997,129998,130000,130002,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129999,461],{"class":79},[73,130001,84],{"class":83},[73,130003,88],{"class":87},[73,130005,129895],{"class":315},[73,130007,82708],{"class":91},[73,130009,129892],{"class":315},[73,130011,817],{"class":91},[73,130013,384],{"class":87},[73,130015,817],{"class":105},[73,130017,129460],{"class":114},[73,130019,106],{"class":105},[73,130021,384],{"class":87},[73,130023,6175],{"class":91},[73,130025,384],{"class":87},[73,130027,149],{"class":105},[73,130029,88],{"class":87},[73,130031,78653],{"class":91},[73,130033,384],{"class":87},[73,130035,854],{"class":105},[73,130037,130038,130040,130042,130044],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130039,102],{"class":101},[73,130041,106],{"class":105},[73,130043,482],{"class":114},[73,130045,854],{"class":105},[20,130047,130048],{},[55,130049,1660],{},[64,130051,130053],{"className":66,"code":130052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130054,130055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130056,130057,130060],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130058,130059],{"class":79},"two comes after one",[73,130061,121769],{"class":105},[20,130063,130064,130065,130067],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130066,3378],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[59,130069,130071],{"id":130070},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130073,130074,130075,817],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130076,130077],{},"{name}",[20,130079,130080,130081,2475],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130082,125740],{},[64,130084,130086],{"className":66,"code":130085,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130087,130088,130140],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130089,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130103,130106,130108,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130091,461],{"class":79},[73,130093,84],{"class":83},[73,130095,88],{"class":87},[73,130097,129444],{"class":91},[73,130099,130077],{"class":315},[73,130101,130102],{"class":91}," and I live in ",[73,130104,130105],{"class":315},"{city}",[73,130107,817],{"class":91},[73,130109,384],{"class":87},[73,130111,817],{"class":105},[73,130113,129460],{"class":114},[73,130115,106],{"class":105},[73,130117,115],{"class":8767},[73,130119,84],{"class":83},[73,130121,384],{"class":87},[73,130123,12477],{"class":91},[73,130125,384],{"class":87},[73,130127,149],{"class":105},[73,130129,30983],{"class":8767},[73,130131,84],{"class":83},[73,130133,384],{"class":87},[73,130135,15629],{"class":91},[73,130137,384],{"class":87},[73,130139,854],{"class":105},[73,130141,130142,130144,130146,130148],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130143,102],{"class":101},[73,130145,106],{"class":105},[73,130147,482],{"class":114},[73,130149,854],{"class":105},[20,130151,130152],{},[55,130153,1660],{},[64,130155,130157],{"className":66,"code":130156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130158,130159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130160,130161,130163,130165,130168,130170,130173,130175,130178],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130162,129494],{"class":79},[73,130164,11789],{"class":83},[73,130166,130167],{"class":79}," Ana ",[73,130169,129502],{"class":83},[73,130171,130172],{"class":79}," I live ",[73,130174,3469],{"class":83},[73,130176,130177],{"class":79}," Lima",[73,130179,121769],{"class":105},[20,130181,130182],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130184,130185,130188,130191],{},[33,130186,130187],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130189,130190],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130192,130193],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130195,714],{},[64,130197,130199],{"className":66,"code":130198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130200,130201,130253],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130202,130203,130206,130208,130210,130213,130216,130219,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234,130236,130239,130241,130243,130246,130248,130251],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130204,130205],{"class":79},"report ",[73,130207,84],{"class":83},[73,130209,88],{"class":87},[73,130211,130212],{"class":91},"Student: ",[73,130214,130215],{"class":315},"{student}",[73,130217,130218],{"class":91},", Score: ",[73,130220,130221],{"class":315},"{score}",[73,130223,384],{"class":87},[73,130225,817],{"class":105},[73,130227,129460],{"class":114},[73,130229,106],{"class":105},[73,130231,13223],{"class":8767},[73,130233,84],{"class":83},[73,130235,384],{"class":87},[73,130237,130238],{"class":91},"Noah",[73,130240,384],{"class":87},[73,130242,149],{"class":105},[73,130244,130245],{"class":8767}," score",[73,130247,84],{"class":83},[73,130249,130250],{"class":315},"95",[73,130252,854],{"class":105},[73,130254,130255,130257,130259,130261],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130256,102],{"class":101},[73,130258,106],{"class":105},[73,130260,127450],{"class":114},[73,130262,854],{"class":105},[20,130264,130265],{},[55,130266,1660],{},[64,130268,130270],{"className":66,"code":130269,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130271,130272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130273,130274,130277,130279,130282,130284,130287,130289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130275,130276],{"class":79},"Student",[73,130278,2475],{"class":105},[73,130280,130281],{"class":79}," Noah",[73,130283,149],{"class":105},[73,130285,130286],{"class":79}," Score",[73,130288,2475],{"class":105},[73,130290,130291],{"class":315}," 95\n",[20,130293,130294,130295,817],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[587,130296,13,130297,1470],{"href":41549},[15,130298,47060],{},[59,130300,130302],{"id":130301},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130304,130305,130307],{},[15,130306,125740],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130309,130310,130311,130314],{},"A common example is ",[15,130312,130313],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130316,130317,130320],{},[33,130318,130319],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130321,130322],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130324,714],{},[64,130326,130328],{"className":66,"code":130327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130329,130330,130338,130367],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130331,130332,130334,130336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130333,39760],{"class":79},[73,130335,84],{"class":83},[73,130337,48653],{"class":315},[73,130339,130340,130342,130344,130346,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130341,461],{"class":79},[73,130343,84],{"class":83},[73,130345,88],{"class":87},[73,130347,130348],{"class":91},"Price: $",[73,130350,8870],{"class":315},[73,130352,130313],{"class":633},[73,130354,21902],{"class":315},[73,130356,384],{"class":87},[73,130358,817],{"class":105},[73,130360,129460],{"class":114},[73,130362,106],{"class":105},[73,130364,24749],{"class":114},[73,130366,854],{"class":105},[73,130368,130369,130371,130373,130375],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,130370,102],{"class":101},[73,130372,106],{"class":105},[73,130374,482],{"class":114},[73,130376,854],{"class":105},[20,130378,130379],{},[55,130380,1660],{},[64,130382,130384],{"className":66,"code":130383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130385,130386],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130387,130388,130391,130393,130396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130389,130390],{"class":79},"Price",[73,130392,2475],{"class":105},[73,130394,130395],{"class":36738}," $",[73,130397,130398],{"class":315},"3.50\n",[20,130400,51458],{},[64,130402,130404],{"className":66,"code":130403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130405,130406,130416],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130407,130408,130411,130413],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130409,130410],{"class":79},"average ",[73,130412,84],{"class":83},[73,130414,130415],{"class":315}," 91.236\n",[73,130417,130418,130420,130422,130424,130427,130429,130431,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130444],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130419,102],{"class":101},[73,130421,106],{"class":105},[73,130423,384],{"class":87},[73,130425,130426],{"class":91},"Average: ",[73,130428,8870],{"class":315},[73,130430,130313],{"class":633},[73,130432,21902],{"class":315},[73,130434,384],{"class":87},[73,130436,817],{"class":105},[73,130438,129460],{"class":114},[73,130440,106],{"class":105},[73,130442,130443],{"class":114},"average",[73,130445,118],{"class":105},[20,130447,130448],{},[55,130449,1660],{},[64,130451,130453],{"className":66,"code":130452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130454,130455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130456,130457,130460,130462],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130458,130459],{"class":79},"Average",[73,130461,2475],{"class":105},[73,130463,130464],{"class":315}," 91.24\n",[20,130466,130467],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130469,130470,130472,130475],{},[33,130471,82466],{},[33,130473,130474],{},"averages",[33,130476,130477],{},"percentages",[20,130479,130480,130481,817],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[587,130482,13,130483,1892],{"href":45825},[15,130484,45828],{},[59,130486,17017],{"id":17016},[20,130488,130489,91903],{},[15,130490,125740],{},[20,130492,130493],{},"That means you can:",[30,130495,130496,130499,130502],{},[33,130497,130498],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130500,130501],{},"print it directly",[33,130503,130504],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130506,714],{},[64,130508,130510],{"className":66,"code":130509,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130511,130512,130543,130553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130513,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130526,130528,130530,130532,130534,130536,130539,130541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130515,89389],{"class":79},[73,130517,84],{"class":83},[73,130519,88],{"class":87},[73,130521,44277],{"class":91},[73,130523,3378],{"class":315},[73,130525,89230],{"class":91},[73,130527,384],{"class":87},[73,130529,817],{"class":105},[73,130531,129460],{"class":114},[73,130533,106],{"class":105},[73,130535,384],{"class":87},[73,130537,130538],{"class":91},"Chris",[73,130540,384],{"class":87},[73,130542,854],{"class":105},[73,130544,130545,130547,130549,130551],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130546,102],{"class":101},[73,130548,106],{"class":105},[73,130550,89406],{"class":114},[73,130552,854],{"class":105},[73,130554,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,130556,102],{"class":101},[73,130558,106],{"class":105},[73,130560,1271],{"class":1270},[73,130562,106],{"class":105},[73,130564,89406],{"class":114},[73,130566,118],{"class":105},[20,130568,130569],{},[55,130570,1660],{},[64,130572,130574],{"className":66,"code":130573,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130575,130576,130585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130577,130578,130580,130582],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130579,652],{"class":79},[73,130581,149],{"class":105},[73,130583,130584],{"class":79}," Chris!\n",[73,130586,130587,130589,130591,130593,130595,130597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130588,2879],{"class":83},[73,130590,2882],{"class":633},[73,130592,152],{"class":87},[73,130594,3031],{"class":91},[73,130596,141],{"class":87},[73,130598,2891],{"class":83},[20,130600,130601],{},"The original string is not changed.",[59,130603,130605,130607],{"id":130604},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130606,125740],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130609,130610,130612],{},[15,130611,125740],{}," is a string method.",[20,130614,130615],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130617,45416,130618,2475],{},[15,130619,125740],{},[64,130621,130623],{"className":66,"code":130622,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130624,130625,130638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130626,130627,130629,130631,130633,130636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130628,80],{"class":79},[73,130630,84],{"class":83},[73,130632,88],{"class":87},[73,130634,130635],{"class":91},"Rita",[73,130637,95],{"class":87},[73,130639,130640,130642,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130641,102],{"class":101},[73,130643,106],{"class":105},[73,130645,384],{"class":87},[73,130647,44277],{"class":91},[73,130649,3378],{"class":315},[73,130651,89230],{"class":91},[73,130653,384],{"class":87},[73,130655,817],{"class":105},[73,130657,129460],{"class":114},[73,130659,106],{"class":105},[73,130661,115],{"class":114},[73,130663,118],{"class":105},[20,130665,130666],{},"Example with an f-string:",[64,130668,130670],{"className":66,"code":130669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130671,130672,130684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130673,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130675,80],{"class":79},[73,130677,84],{"class":83},[73,130679,88],{"class":87},[73,130681,130635],{"class":91},[73,130683,95],{"class":87},[73,130685,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130703],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130687,102],{"class":101},[73,130689,106],{"class":105},[73,130691,21893],{"class":633},[73,130693,42721],{"class":91},[73,130695,8870],{"class":315},[73,130697,115],{"class":114},[73,130699,21902],{"class":315},[73,130701,130702],{"class":91},"!\"",[73,130704,854],{"class":105},[20,130706,130707],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130709,130710,130711,130713,130714,817],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130712,125740],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[587,130715,89075],{"href":89074},[59,130717,1207],{"id":1206},[20,130719,130720,130721,817],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130722,125740],{},[292,130724,130726],{"id":130725},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130728,130729],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[64,130731,130733],{"className":66,"code":130732,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130734,130735,130768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130736,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130738,461],{"class":79},[73,130740,84],{"class":83},[73,130742,88],{"class":87},[73,130744,44277],{"class":91},[73,130746,3378],{"class":315},[73,130748,130749],{"class":315}," {}",[73,130751,89230],{"class":91},[73,130753,384],{"class":87},[73,130755,817],{"class":105},[73,130757,129460],{"class":114},[73,130759,106],{"class":105},[73,130761,384],{"class":87},[73,130763,327],{"class":91},[73,130765,384],{"class":87},[73,130767,854],{"class":105},[73,130769,130770,130772,130774,130776],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130771,102],{"class":101},[73,130773,106],{"class":105},[73,130775,482],{"class":114},[73,130777,854],{"class":105},[20,130779,130780],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130782,130783],{},"Fixed version:",[64,130785,130787],{"className":66,"code":130786,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130788,130789,130830],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130790,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130826,130828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130792,461],{"class":79},[73,130794,84],{"class":83},[73,130796,88],{"class":87},[73,130798,44277],{"class":91},[73,130800,3378],{"class":315},[73,130802,130749],{"class":315},[73,130804,89230],{"class":91},[73,130806,384],{"class":87},[73,130808,817],{"class":105},[73,130810,129460],{"class":114},[73,130812,106],{"class":105},[73,130814,384],{"class":87},[73,130816,327],{"class":91},[73,130818,384],{"class":87},[73,130820,149],{"class":105},[73,130822,88],{"class":87},[73,130824,130825],{"class":91},"Lee",[73,130827,384],{"class":87},[73,130829,854],{"class":105},[73,130831,130832,130834,130836,130838],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130833,102],{"class":101},[73,130835,106],{"class":105},[73,130837,482],{"class":114},[73,130839,854],{"class":105},[292,130841,130843],{"id":130842},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130845,130846,130847,817],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130848,125740],{},[20,130850,130851],{},"Problem:",[64,130853,130855],{"className":66,"code":130854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130856,130857,130891],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130858,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130860,461],{"class":79},[73,130862,84],{"class":83},[73,130864,88],{"class":87},[73,130866,44277],{"class":91},[73,130868,130077],{"class":315},[73,130870,89230],{"class":91},[73,130872,384],{"class":87},[73,130874,817],{"class":105},[73,130876,129460],{"class":114},[73,130878,106],{"class":105},[73,130880,7575],{"class":8767},[73,130882,84],{"class":83},[73,130884,384],{"class":87},[73,130886,327],{"class":91},[73,130888,384],{"class":87},[73,130890,854],{"class":105},[73,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130894,102],{"class":101},[73,130896,106],{"class":105},[73,130898,482],{"class":114},[73,130900,854],{"class":105},[20,130902,130783],{},[64,130904,130906],{"className":66,"code":130905,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130907,130908,130942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130909,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130911,461],{"class":79},[73,130913,84],{"class":83},[73,130915,88],{"class":87},[73,130917,44277],{"class":91},[73,130919,130077],{"class":315},[73,130921,89230],{"class":91},[73,130923,384],{"class":87},[73,130925,817],{"class":105},[73,130927,129460],{"class":114},[73,130929,106],{"class":105},[73,130931,115],{"class":8767},[73,130933,84],{"class":83},[73,130935,384],{"class":87},[73,130937,327],{"class":91},[73,130939,384],{"class":87},[73,130941,854],{"class":105},[73,130943,130944,130946,130948,130950],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130945,102],{"class":101},[73,130947,106],{"class":105},[73,130949,482],{"class":114},[73,130951,854],{"class":105},[292,130953,8044,130955,130957],{"id":130954},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130956,125740],{}," to change the original string",[20,130959,130960,130962],{},[15,130961,125740],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130964,130851],{},[64,130966,130968],{"className":66,"code":130967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130969,130970,130984,131002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130971,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130973,461],{"class":79},[73,130975,84],{"class":83},[73,130977,88],{"class":87},[73,130979,44277],{"class":91},[73,130981,3378],{"class":315},[73,130983,95],{"class":87},[73,130985,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,130987,482],{"class":79},[73,130989,817],{"class":105},[73,130991,129460],{"class":114},[73,130993,106],{"class":105},[73,130995,384],{"class":87},[73,130997,327],{"class":91},[73,130999,384],{"class":87},[73,131001,854],{"class":105},[73,131003,131004,131006,131008,131010],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131005,102],{"class":101},[73,131007,106],{"class":105},[73,131009,482],{"class":114},[73,131011,854],{"class":105},[20,131013,131014],{},[55,131015,1660],{},[64,131017,131019],{"className":66,"code":131018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131020,131021],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131022,131023,131025,131027],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131024,652],{"class":79},[73,131026,149],{"class":105},[73,131028,9431],{"class":105},[20,131030,130783],{},[64,131032,131034],{"className":66,"code":131033,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131035,131036,131050,131072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131037,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131039,461],{"class":79},[73,131041,84],{"class":83},[73,131043,88],{"class":87},[73,131045,44277],{"class":91},[73,131047,3378],{"class":315},[73,131049,95],{"class":87},[73,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131053,461],{"class":79},[73,131055,84],{"class":83},[73,131057,42216],{"class":79},[73,131059,817],{"class":105},[73,131061,129460],{"class":114},[73,131063,106],{"class":105},[73,131065,384],{"class":87},[73,131067,327],{"class":91},[73,131069,384],{"class":87},[73,131071,854],{"class":105},[73,131073,131074,131076,131078,131080],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131075,102],{"class":101},[73,131077,106],{"class":105},[73,131079,482],{"class":114},[73,131081,854],{"class":105},[292,131083,4293,131085,131087],{"id":131084},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131086,125740],{}," returns a new string",[20,131089,131090],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[292,131092,131094],{"id":131093},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131096,131097],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131099,131100,131101,131103],{},"Use simple ",[15,131102,3378],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131105,131106,131107,817],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[587,131108,89788],{"href":89787},[59,131110,67277],{"id":67276},[20,131112,131113],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[64,131115,131117],{"className":66,"code":131116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131118,131119,131129,131143,131172],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131120,131121,131123,131125,131127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131122,102],{"class":101},[73,131124,106],{"class":105},[73,131126,482],{"class":114},[73,131128,854],{"class":105},[73,131130,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131132,102],{"class":101},[73,131134,106],{"class":105},[73,131136,1271],{"class":1270},[73,131138,106],{"class":105},[73,131140,2063],{"class":114},[73,131142,118],{"class":105},[73,131144,131145,131147,131149,131151,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131146,102],{"class":101},[73,131148,106],{"class":105},[73,131150,384],{"class":87},[73,131152,131153],{"class":91},"Hello ",[73,131155,3378],{"class":315},[73,131157,384],{"class":87},[73,131159,817],{"class":105},[73,131161,129460],{"class":114},[73,131163,106],{"class":105},[73,131165,384],{"class":87},[73,131167,327],{"class":91},[73,131169,384],{"class":87},[73,131171,118],{"class":105},[73,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,131175,842],{"class":101},[73,131177,106],{"class":105},[73,131179,3031],{"class":1270},[73,131181,817],{"class":105},[73,131183,129460],{"class":851},[73,131185,854],{"class":105},[20,131187,131188],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131190,131191,131194,131197,131200],{},[33,131192,131193],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131195,131196],{},"what type your value has",[33,131198,131199],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131201,131202,131203],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131204,131205],{},"str.format",[59,131207,1405],{"id":1404},[292,131209,129241,131211,12312],{"id":131210},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131212,125740],{},[20,131214,131215],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[292,131217,131219],{"id":131218},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131221,131222,131223,131225],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131224,3378],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[292,131227,131229,131230,1424],{"id":131228},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131231,125740],{},[20,131233,131234,131235,131238],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131236,131237],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[292,131240,14501,131242,131244],{"id":131241},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131243,125740],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131246,131247,131248,131250],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131249,125740],{}," is still useful and common.",[59,131252,1461],{"id":1460},[30,131254,131255,131259,131263,131269,131275],{},[33,131256,131257],{},[587,131258,124492],{"href":50353},[33,131260,131261],{},[587,131262,90065],{"href":89074},[33,131264,131265],{},[587,131266,13,131267,1470],{"href":45825},[15,131268,45828],{},[33,131270,131271],{},[587,131272,13,131273,1470],{"href":41549},[15,131274,47060],{},[33,131276,131277],{},[587,131278,89788],{"href":89787},[1500,131280,131281],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":131283},[131284,131285,131287,131288,131289,131290,131291,131292,131294,131303,131304,131313],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":129527,"depth":98,"text":131286},"What the format() method does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":129808,"depth":98,"text":129809},{"id":130070,"depth":98,"text":130071},{"id":130301,"depth":98,"text":130302},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":130604,"depth":98,"text":131293},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":131295},[131296,131297,131298,131300,131302],{"id":130725,"depth":332,"text":130726},{"id":130842,"depth":332,"text":130843},{"id":130954,"depth":332,"text":131299},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131084,"depth":332,"text":131301},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131093,"depth":332,"text":131094},{"id":67276,"depth":98,"text":67277},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":131305},[131306,131308,131309,131311],{"id":131210,"depth":332,"text":131307},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131218,"depth":332,"text":131219},{"id":131228,"depth":332,"text":131310},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131241,"depth":332,"text":131312},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129387,"description":131314},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131321,"title":131322,"body":131323,"description":132803,"extension":1552,"meta":132804,"navigation":335,"path":132805,"seo":132806,"stem":132807,"__hash__":132808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131324,"toc":132775},[131325,131330,131335,131340,131342,131404,131411,131417,131422,131424,131440,131442,131513,131515,131529,131532,131582,131584,131586,131613,131616,131631,131634,131675,131678,131723,131730,131779,131781,131789,131791,131809,131811,131904,131912,131953,131958,131965,131971,131978,131981,131985,132086,132088,132110,132114,132167,132170,132173,132179,132186,132188,132227,132229,132247,132257,132264,132347,132350,132357,132364,132371,132375,132383,132429,132433,132442,132507,132512,132517,132528,132530,132535,132562,132564,132667,132670,132690,132692,132697,132700,132704,132708,132715,132724,132730,132733,132739,132741,132743,132772],[10,131326,122737,131328,10916],{"id":131327},"python-string-index-method",[15,131329,58348],{},[20,131331,122742,131332,131334],{},[15,131333,58348],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131336,131337,131338,817],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131339,40077],{},[59,131341,62],{"id":61},[64,131343,131345],{"className":66,"code":131344,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131346,131347,131359,131381,131391,131395,131399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131348,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131350,461],{"class":79},[73,131352,84],{"class":83},[73,131354,88],{"class":87},[73,131356,59787],{"class":91},[73,131358,95],{"class":87},[73,131360,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131362,64301],{"class":79},[73,131364,84],{"class":83},[73,131366,42216],{"class":79},[73,131368,817],{"class":105},[73,131370,35215],{"class":114},[73,131372,106],{"class":105},[73,131374,384],{"class":87},[73,131376,59972],{"class":91},[73,131378,384],{"class":87},[73,131380,854],{"class":105},[73,131382,131383,131385,131387,131389],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131384,102],{"class":101},[73,131386,106],{"class":105},[73,131388,64328],{"class":114},[73,131390,854],{"class":105},[73,131392,131393],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,131394,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,131396,131397],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,131398,90206],{"class":3249},[73,131400,131401],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,131402,131403],{"class":3249},"# 6\n",[20,131405,121,131406,131408,131409,817],{},[15,131407,58348],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131410,40077],{},[59,131412,236,131414,239],{"id":131413},"what-strindex-does",[15,131415,131416],{},"str.index()",[20,131418,131419,131421],{},[15,131420,131416],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131423,12649],{},[30,131425,131426,131429,131432,131435],{},[33,131427,131428],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131430,131431],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131433,131434],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131436,29891,131437,131439],{},[15,131438,40077],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131441,714],{},[64,131443,131445],{"className":66,"code":131444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131446,131447,131459,131463,131488],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131448,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131450,461],{"class":79},[73,131452,84],{"class":83},[73,131454,88],{"class":87},[73,131456,3675],{"class":91},[73,131458,95],{"class":87},[73,131460,131461],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131462,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,131464,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131466,102],{"class":101},[73,131468,106],{"class":105},[73,131470,482],{"class":114},[73,131472,817],{"class":105},[73,131474,35215],{"class":114},[73,131476,106],{"class":105},[73,131478,384],{"class":87},[73,131480,587],{"class":91},[73,131482,384],{"class":87},[73,131484,4948],{"class":105},[73,131486,131487],{"class":3249},"     # 1\n",[73,131489,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,131491,102],{"class":101},[73,131493,106],{"class":105},[73,131495,482],{"class":114},[73,131497,817],{"class":105},[73,131499,35215],{"class":114},[73,131501,106],{"class":105},[73,131503,384],{"class":87},[73,131505,122830],{"class":91},[73,131507,384],{"class":87},[73,131509,4948],{"class":105},[73,131511,131512],{"class":3249},"    # 2\n",[20,131514,1768],{},[30,131516,131517,131523],{},[33,131518,131519,127950,131521],{},[15,131520,17695],{},[15,131522,404],{},[33,131524,131525,127950,131527],{},[15,131526,127949],{},[15,131528,1646],{},[20,131530,131531],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[64,131533,131535],{"className":66,"code":131534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131536,131537,131549,131553,131577],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131540,461],{"class":79},[73,131542,84],{"class":83},[73,131544,88],{"class":87},[73,131546,652],{"class":91},[73,131548,95],{"class":87},[73,131550,131551],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131552,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,131554,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131556,102],{"class":101},[73,131558,106],{"class":105},[73,131560,482],{"class":114},[73,131562,817],{"class":105},[73,131564,35215],{"class":114},[73,131566,106],{"class":105},[73,131568,384],{"class":87},[73,131570,50569],{"class":91},[73,131572,384],{"class":87},[73,131574,4948],{"class":105},[73,131576,20367],{"class":3249},[73,131578,131579],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,131580,131581],{"class":3249},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[59,131583,285],{"id":284},[20,131585,1750],{},[64,131587,131589],{"className":66,"code":131588,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131590,131591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131592,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131594,60555],{"class":79},[73,131596,817],{"class":105},[73,131598,35215],{"class":114},[73,131600,106],{"class":105},[73,131602,2063],{"class":114},[73,131604,149],{"class":105},[73,131606,35421],{"class":114},[73,131608,149],{"class":105},[73,131610,64422],{"class":114},[73,131612,854],{"class":105},[20,131614,131615],{},"Parameters:",[30,131617,131618,131622,131626],{},[33,131619,131620,122929],{},[15,131621,2063],{},[33,131623,131624,127996],{},[15,131625,35442],{},[33,131627,131628,131630],{},[15,131629,52039],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131632,131633],{},"You can use just the value:",[64,131635,131637],{"className":66,"code":131636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131638,131639,131651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131640,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131642,461],{"class":79},[73,131644,84],{"class":83},[73,131646,88],{"class":87},[73,131648,68],{"class":91},[73,131650,95],{"class":87},[73,131652,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131654,102],{"class":101},[73,131656,106],{"class":105},[73,131658,482],{"class":114},[73,131660,817],{"class":105},[73,131662,35215],{"class":114},[73,131664,106],{"class":105},[73,131666,384],{"class":87},[73,131668,62668],{"class":91},[73,131670,384],{"class":87},[73,131672,4948],{"class":105},[73,131674,50793],{"class":3249},[20,131676,131677],{},"Or include a start position:",[64,131679,131681],{"className":66,"code":131680,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131682,131683,131695],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131684,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131686,461],{"class":79},[73,131688,84],{"class":83},[73,131690,88],{"class":87},[73,131692,3675],{"class":91},[73,131694,95],{"class":87},[73,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131698,102],{"class":101},[73,131700,106],{"class":105},[73,131702,482],{"class":114},[73,131704,817],{"class":105},[73,131706,35215],{"class":114},[73,131708,106],{"class":105},[73,131710,384],{"class":87},[73,131712,587],{"class":91},[73,131714,384],{"class":87},[73,131716,149],{"class":105},[73,131718,409],{"class":315},[73,131720,4948],{"class":105},[73,131722,50148],{"class":3249},[20,131724,131725,131726,355,131728,2475],{},"Or include both ",[15,131727,35442],{},[15,131729,52039],{},[64,131731,131733],{"className":66,"code":131732,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131734,131735,131747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131736,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131738,461],{"class":79},[73,131740,84],{"class":83},[73,131742,88],{"class":87},[73,131744,3675],{"class":91},[73,131746,95],{"class":87},[73,131748,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131750,102],{"class":101},[73,131752,106],{"class":105},[73,131754,482],{"class":114},[73,131756,817],{"class":105},[73,131758,35215],{"class":114},[73,131760,106],{"class":105},[73,131762,384],{"class":87},[73,131764,587],{"class":91},[73,131766,384],{"class":87},[73,131768,149],{"class":105},[73,131770,409],{"class":315},[73,131772,149],{"class":105},[73,131774,4194],{"class":315},[73,131776,4948],{"class":105},[73,131778,50148],{"class":3249},[59,131780,37392],{"id":37391},[20,131782,28305,131783,131785,131786,817],{},[15,131784,58348],{}," is a ",[55,131787,131788],{},"zero-based index",[20,131790,1697],{},[30,131792,131793,131799,131804],{},[33,131794,131795,131796,131798],{},"Index ",[15,131797,1710],{}," is the first character",[33,131800,131795,131801,131803],{},[15,131802,404],{}," is the second character",[33,131805,131795,131806,131808],{},[15,131807,1646],{}," is the third character",[20,131810,714],{},[64,131812,131814],{"className":66,"code":131813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131815,131816,131828,131832,131856,131880],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131817,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131819,461],{"class":79},[73,131821,84],{"class":83},[73,131823,88],{"class":87},[73,131825,36418],{"class":91},[73,131827,95],{"class":87},[73,131829,131830],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131831,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,131833,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,131835,102],{"class":101},[73,131837,106],{"class":105},[73,131839,482],{"class":114},[73,131841,817],{"class":105},[73,131843,35215],{"class":114},[73,131845,106],{"class":105},[73,131847,384],{"class":87},[73,131849,9332],{"class":91},[73,131851,384],{"class":87},[73,131853,4948],{"class":105},[73,131855,50625],{"class":3249},[73,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,131859,102],{"class":101},[73,131861,106],{"class":105},[73,131863,482],{"class":114},[73,131865,817],{"class":105},[73,131867,35215],{"class":114},[73,131869,106],{"class":105},[73,131871,384],{"class":87},[73,131873,587],{"class":91},[73,131875,384],{"class":87},[73,131877,4948],{"class":105},[73,131879,27376],{"class":3249},[73,131881,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,131883,102],{"class":101},[73,131885,106],{"class":105},[73,131887,482],{"class":114},[73,131889,817],{"class":105},[73,131891,35215],{"class":114},[73,131893,106],{"class":105},[73,131895,384],{"class":87},[73,131897,62668],{"class":91},[73,131899,384],{"class":87},[73,131901,4948],{"class":105},[73,131903,50793],{"class":3249},[20,131905,131906,131908,131909,131911],{},[15,131907,58348],{}," returns only the ",[55,131910,29506],{}," matching position.",[64,131913,131915],{"className":66,"code":131914,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131916,131917,131929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131918,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131920,461],{"class":79},[73,131922,84],{"class":83},[73,131924,88],{"class":87},[73,131926,3675],{"class":91},[73,131928,95],{"class":87},[73,131930,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,131932,102],{"class":101},[73,131934,106],{"class":105},[73,131936,482],{"class":114},[73,131938,817],{"class":105},[73,131940,35215],{"class":114},[73,131942,106],{"class":105},[73,131944,384],{"class":87},[73,131946,587],{"class":91},[73,131948,384],{"class":87},[73,131950,4948],{"class":105},[73,131952,27376],{"class":3249},[20,131954,20577,131955,131957],{},[15,131956,17695],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131959,131960,131961,817],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[587,131962,131963,10333],{"href":124187},[15,131964,57970],{},[59,131966,438,131967,355,131969],{"id":64788},[15,131968,35442],{},[15,131970,52039],{},[20,131972,1569,131973,355,131975,131977],{},[15,131974,35442],{},[15,131976,52039],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131979,131980],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131982,45416,131983,2475],{},[15,131984,35442],{},[64,131986,131988],{"className":66,"code":131987,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131989,131990,132002,132006,132030,132058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131991,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131993,461],{"class":79},[73,131995,84],{"class":83},[73,131997,88],{"class":87},[73,131999,3675],{"class":91},[73,132001,95],{"class":87},[73,132003,132004],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132005,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,132007,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132009,102],{"class":101},[73,132011,106],{"class":105},[73,132013,482],{"class":114},[73,132015,817],{"class":105},[73,132017,35215],{"class":114},[73,132019,106],{"class":105},[73,132021,384],{"class":87},[73,132023,587],{"class":91},[73,132025,384],{"class":87},[73,132027,4948],{"class":105},[73,132029,50498],{"class":3249},[73,132031,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,132033,102],{"class":101},[73,132035,106],{"class":105},[73,132037,482],{"class":114},[73,132039,817],{"class":105},[73,132041,35215],{"class":114},[73,132043,106],{"class":105},[73,132045,384],{"class":87},[73,132047,587],{"class":91},[73,132049,384],{"class":87},[73,132051,149],{"class":105},[73,132053,409],{"class":315},[73,132055,4948],{"class":105},[73,132057,50347],{"class":3249},[73,132059,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,132061,102],{"class":101},[73,132063,106],{"class":105},[73,132065,482],{"class":114},[73,132067,817],{"class":105},[73,132069,35215],{"class":114},[73,132071,106],{"class":105},[73,132073,384],{"class":87},[73,132075,587],{"class":91},[73,132077,384],{"class":87},[73,132079,149],{"class":105},[73,132081,2047],{"class":315},[73,132083,4948],{"class":105},[73,132085,50131],{"class":3249},[20,132087,19556],{},[30,132089,132090,132097,132103],{},[33,132091,132092,132093,64978,132095],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132094,17695],{},[15,132096,404],{},[33,132098,132099,132100,132102],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132101,1646],{}," skips that first match",[33,132104,132099,132105,132107,132108],{},[15,132106,2095],{}," finds the last ",[15,132109,17695],{},[20,132111,45416,132112,2475],{},[15,132113,52039],{},[64,132115,132117],{"className":66,"code":132116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132118,132119,132131,132135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132120,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132122,461],{"class":79},[73,132124,84],{"class":83},[73,132126,88],{"class":87},[73,132128,3675],{"class":91},[73,132130,95],{"class":87},[73,132132,132133],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132134,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,132136,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132138,102],{"class":101},[73,132140,106],{"class":105},[73,132142,482],{"class":114},[73,132144,817],{"class":105},[73,132146,35215],{"class":114},[73,132148,106],{"class":105},[73,132150,384],{"class":87},[73,132152,75412],{"class":91},[73,132154,384],{"class":87},[73,132156,149],{"class":105},[73,132158,3420],{"class":315},[73,132160,149],{"class":105},[73,132162,2047],{"class":315},[73,132164,4948],{"class":105},[73,132166,50793],{"class":3249},[20,132168,132169],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132171,132172],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[59,132174,43588,132176,132178],{"id":132175},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132177,58348],{}," causes an error",[20,132180,132181,132182,51873,132184,817],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132183,58348],{},[15,132185,40077],{},[20,132187,714],{},[64,132189,132191],{"className":66,"code":132190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132192,132193,132205],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132194,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132196,461],{"class":79},[73,132198,84],{"class":83},[73,132200,88],{"class":87},[73,132202,92],{"class":91},[73,132204,95],{"class":87},[73,132206,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132208,102],{"class":101},[73,132210,106],{"class":105},[73,132212,482],{"class":114},[73,132214,817],{"class":105},[73,132216,35215],{"class":114},[73,132218,106],{"class":105},[73,132220,384],{"class":87},[73,132222,21676],{"class":91},[73,132224,384],{"class":87},[73,132226,118],{"class":105},[20,132228,1660],{},[64,132230,132232],{"className":66,"code":132231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132233,132234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132235,132236,132238,132240,132243,132245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132237,40077],{"class":1270},[73,132239,2475],{"class":105},[73,132241,132242],{"class":79}," substring ",[73,132244,806],{"class":83},[73,132246,65211],{"class":79},[20,132248,52720,132249,125703,132254,132256],{},[587,132250,132251],{"href":129381},[15,132252,132253],{},"str.find()",[15,132255,65236],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132258,132259,132260,355,132262,2475],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132261,29401],{},[15,132263,29432],{},[64,132265,132267],{"className":66,"code":132266,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132268,132269,132281,132285,132291,132314,132324,132332],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132270,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132272,461],{"class":79},[73,132274,84],{"class":83},[73,132276,88],{"class":87},[73,132278,92],{"class":91},[73,132280,95],{"class":87},[73,132282,132283],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132284,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,132286,132287,132289],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132288,29401],{"class":646},[73,132290,5982],{"class":105},[73,132292,132293,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,132294,132295],{"class":79},"    position ",[73,132297,84],{"class":83},[73,132299,42216],{"class":79},[73,132301,817],{"class":105},[73,132303,35215],{"class":114},[73,132305,106],{"class":105},[73,132307,384],{"class":87},[73,132309,21676],{"class":91},[73,132311,384],{"class":87},[73,132313,854],{"class":105},[73,132315,132316,132318,132320,132322],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,132317,7659],{"class":101},[73,132319,106],{"class":105},[73,132321,64328],{"class":114},[73,132323,854],{"class":105},[73,132325,132326,132328,132330],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,132327,29432],{"class":646},[73,132329,41300],{"class":1270},[73,132331,5982],{"class":105},[73,132333,132334,132336,132338,132340,132343,132345],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,132335,7659],{"class":101},[73,132337,106],{"class":105},[73,132339,384],{"class":87},[73,132341,132342],{"class":91},"Substring not found",[73,132344,384],{"class":87},[73,132346,854],{"class":105},[20,132348,132349],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132351,41320,132352,817],{},[587,132353,25276,132355],{"href":132354},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132356,128708],{},[59,132358,132360,1011,132362],{"id":132359},"index-vs-find",[15,132361,58348],{},[15,132363,123732],{},[20,132365,132366,355,132368,132370],{},[15,132367,58348],{},[15,132369,123732],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[292,132372,132373],{"id":35215},[15,132374,58348],{},[30,132376,132377,132380],{},[33,132378,132379],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132381,132382],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[64,132384,132386],{"className":66,"code":132385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132387,132388,132400,132424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132389,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132391,461],{"class":79},[73,132393,84],{"class":83},[73,132395,88],{"class":87},[73,132397,92],{"class":91},[73,132399,95],{"class":87},[73,132401,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132403,102],{"class":101},[73,132405,106],{"class":105},[73,132407,482],{"class":114},[73,132409,817],{"class":105},[73,132411,35215],{"class":114},[73,132413,106],{"class":105},[73,132415,384],{"class":87},[73,132417,59828],{"class":91},[73,132419,384],{"class":87},[73,132421,4948],{"class":105},[73,132423,27376],{"class":3249},[73,132425,132426],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132427,132428],{"class":3249},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[292,132430,132431],{"id":127762},[15,132432,123732],{},[30,132434,132435,132437],{},[33,132436,132379],{},[33,132438,11018,132439,132441],{},[15,132440,65236],{}," if nothing is found",[64,132443,132445],{"className":66,"code":132444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132446,132447,132459,132483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132448,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132450,461],{"class":79},[73,132452,84],{"class":83},[73,132454,88],{"class":87},[73,132456,92],{"class":91},[73,132458,95],{"class":87},[73,132460,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132462,102],{"class":101},[73,132464,106],{"class":105},[73,132466,482],{"class":114},[73,132468,817],{"class":105},[73,132470,127762],{"class":114},[73,132472,106],{"class":105},[73,132474,384],{"class":87},[73,132476,59828],{"class":91},[73,132478,384],{"class":87},[73,132480,4948],{"class":105},[73,132482,27376],{"class":3249},[73,132484,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132486,102],{"class":101},[73,132488,106],{"class":105},[73,132490,482],{"class":114},[73,132492,817],{"class":105},[73,132494,127762],{"class":114},[73,132496,106],{"class":105},[73,132498,384],{"class":87},[73,132500,21676],{"class":91},[73,132502,384],{"class":87},[73,132504,4948],{"class":105},[73,132506,128118],{"class":3249},[20,132508,121,132509,132511],{},[15,132510,58348],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132513,121,132514,132516],{},[15,132515,123732],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132518,132519,132520,2468,132525,817],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[587,132521,132522,132524],{"href":129381},[15,132523,132253],{}," method reference",[587,132526,126773],{"href":132527},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[59,132529,1207],{"id":1206},[20,132531,132532,132533,2475],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132534,58348],{},[30,132536,132537,132540,132547,132552,132557],{},[33,132538,132539],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132541,8044,132542,8047,132544,132546],{},[15,132543,58348],{},[15,132545,65236],{}," when no match exists",[33,132548,438,132549,132551],{},[15,132550,58348],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132553,132554,132555],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132556,404],{},[33,132558,4168,132559,132561],{},[15,132560,58348],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132563,61676],{},[64,132565,132567],{"className":66,"code":132566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132568,132569,132579,132593,132615,132637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132570,132571,132573,132575,132577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132572,102],{"class":101},[73,132574,106],{"class":105},[73,132576,482],{"class":114},[73,132578,854],{"class":105},[73,132580,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132582,102],{"class":101},[73,132584,106],{"class":105},[73,132586,41153],{"class":101},[73,132588,106],{"class":105},[73,132590,482],{"class":114},[73,132592,118],{"class":105},[73,132594,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132596,102],{"class":101},[73,132598,106],{"class":105},[73,132600,482],{"class":114},[73,132602,817],{"class":105},[73,132604,35215],{"class":114},[73,132606,106],{"class":105},[73,132608,384],{"class":87},[73,132610,2063],{"class":91},[73,132612,384],{"class":87},[73,132614,118],{"class":105},[73,132616,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,132618,102],{"class":101},[73,132620,106],{"class":105},[73,132622,482],{"class":114},[73,132624,817],{"class":105},[73,132626,127762],{"class":114},[73,132628,106],{"class":105},[73,132630,384],{"class":87},[73,132632,2063],{"class":91},[73,132634,384],{"class":87},[73,132636,118],{"class":105},[73,132638,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,132640,102],{"class":101},[73,132642,106],{"class":105},[73,132644,482],{"class":114},[73,132646,817],{"class":105},[73,132648,35215],{"class":114},[73,132650,106],{"class":105},[73,132652,384],{"class":87},[73,132654,2063],{"class":91},[73,132656,384],{"class":87},[73,132658,149],{"class":105},[73,132660,35421],{"class":114},[73,132662,149],{"class":105},[73,132664,64422],{"class":114},[73,132666,118],{"class":105},[20,132668,132669],{},"Tips:",[30,132671,132672,132677,132682,132685],{},[33,132673,121,132674,132676],{},[15,132675,125659],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,132678,121,132679,132681],{},[15,132680,123732],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,132683,132684],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,132686,132687,132688],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132689,1710],{},[59,132691,1405],{"id":1404},[292,132693,129241,132695,12312],{"id":132694},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132696,58348],{},[20,132698,132699],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[292,132701,132703],{"id":132702},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132705,76240,132706,817],{},[15,132707,40077],{},[292,132709,1419,132711,355,132713,1424],{"id":132710},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132712,58348],{},[15,132714,123732],{},[20,132716,132717,132719,132720,1987,132722,6221],{},[15,132718,58348],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132721,123732],{},[15,132723,65236],{},[292,132725,1446,132727,132729],{"id":132726},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132728,58348],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132731,132732],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[292,132734,132736,132737,124073],{"id":132735},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132738,58348],{},[20,132740,129266],{},[59,132742,1461],{"id":1460},[30,132744,132745,132751,132755,132760,132766],{},[33,132746,132747],{},[587,132748,132749,10333],{"href":129381},[15,132750,132253],{},[33,132752,132753],{},[587,132754,124136],{"href":132527},[33,132756,132757],{},[587,132758,129342],{"href":132759},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,132761,132762],{},[587,132763,132764,10333],{"href":124187},[15,132765,57970],{},[33,132767,132768],{},[587,132769,29945,132770],{"href":132354},[15,132771,128708],{},[1500,132773,132774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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an error",{"id":132359,"depth":98,"text":132786,"children":132787},"index() vs find()",[132788,132789],{"id":35215,"depth":332,"text":58348},{"id":127762,"depth":332,"text":123732},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":132792},[132793,132795,132796,132798,132800],{"id":132694,"depth":332,"text":132794},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132702,"depth":332,"text":132703},{"id":132710,"depth":332,"text":132797},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132726,"depth":332,"text":132799},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132735,"depth":332,"text":132801},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131322,"description":132803},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132810,"title":132811,"body":132812,"description":135587,"extension":1552,"meta":135588,"navigation":335,"path":135589,"seo":135590,"stem":135591,"__hash__":135592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132813,"toc":135523},[132814,132820,132825,132828,132831,132842,132844,132913,132915,132929,132934,132939,132944,132946,132989,132991,133074,133076,133122,133128,133130,133132,133152,133154,133177,133179,133253,133255,133274,133279,133281,133285,133357,133359,133373,133377,133453,133455,133474,133478,133572,133574,133583,133590,133666,133668,133686,133690,133693,133700,133749,133751,133760,133767,133826,133828,133846,133849,133856,133915,133917,133935,133942,133999,134001,134010,134014,134019,134023,134082,134084,134102,134106,134153,134158,134161,134230,134232,134249,134256,134262,134317,134322,134325,134402,134404,134422,134428,134434,134494,134496,134515,134521,134524,134531,134584,134589,134591,134652,134661,134668,134670,134727,134732,134734,134805,134809,134864,134866,134875,134880,134886,134955,134957,134989,134995,135003,135010,135016,135081,135083,135092,135098,135179,135181,135190,135195,135209,135216,135220,135225,135253,135255,135388,135391,135428,135430,135436,135445,135450,135453,135458,135463,135469,135472,135481,135484,135486,135515,135520],[10,132815,122737,132817,10916],{"id":132816},"python-string-join-method",[15,132818,132819],{},"join()",[20,132821,122742,132822,132824],{},[15,132823,132819],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132826,132827],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132829,132830],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,132832,132833,132839],{},[33,132834,132835,132836,132838],{},"You call ",[15,132837,132819],{}," on the separator string",[33,132840,132841],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[59,132843,3195],{"id":3194},[64,132845,132847],{"className":66,"code":132846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132848,132849,132882,132903],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132850,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132878,132880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132852,3657],{"class":79},[73,132854,84],{"class":83},[73,132856,528],{"class":105},[73,132858,384],{"class":87},[73,132860,6887],{"class":91},[73,132862,384],{"class":87},[73,132864,149],{"class":105},[73,132866,88],{"class":87},[73,132868,11789],{"class":91},[73,132870,384],{"class":87},[73,132872,149],{"class":105},[73,132874,88],{"class":87},[73,132876,132877],{"class":91},"fun",[73,132879,384],{"class":87},[73,132881,229],{"class":105},[73,132883,132884,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894,132897,132899,132901],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,132885,1819],{"class":79},[73,132887,84],{"class":83},[73,132889,88],{"class":87},[73,132891,88],{"class":87},[73,132893,817],{"class":105},[73,132895,132896],{"class":114},"join",[73,132898,106],{"class":105},[73,132900,3701],{"class":114},[73,132902,854],{"class":105},[73,132904,132905,132907,132909,132911],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,132906,102],{"class":101},[73,132908,106],{"class":105},[73,132910,1854],{"class":114},[73,132912,854],{"class":105},[20,132914,1660],{},[64,132916,132918],{"className":66,"code":132917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python is fun\n",[15,132919,132920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132921,132922,132924,132926],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132923,13],{"class":79},[73,132925,11789],{"class":83},[73,132927,132928],{"class":79}," fun\n",[20,132930,121,132931,132933],{},[15,132932,132819],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[59,132935,236,132937,239],{"id":132936},"what-join-does",[15,132938,132819],{},[20,132940,132941,132943],{},[15,132942,132819],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132945,261],{},[30,132947,132948,132955,132983,132986],{},[33,132949,132950,132951,132954],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132952,132953],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,132956,132957,132958],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,132959,132960,132966,132972,132978],{},[33,132961,132962,132965],{},[15,132963,132964],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,132967,132968,132971],{},[15,132969,132970],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,132973,132974,132977],{},[15,132975,132976],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,132979,132980,132982],{},[15,132981,5860],{}," for no separator",[33,132984,132985],{},"It returns a new string",[33,132987,132988],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132990,714],{},[64,132992,132994],{"className":66,"code":132993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132995,132996,133028,133050,133054,133064],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132997,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132999,3657],{"class":79},[73,133001,84],{"class":83},[73,133003,528],{"class":105},[73,133005,384],{"class":87},[73,133007,12690],{"class":91},[73,133009,384],{"class":87},[73,133011,149],{"class":105},[73,133013,88],{"class":87},[73,133015,17054],{"class":91},[73,133017,384],{"class":87},[73,133019,149],{"class":105},[73,133021,88],{"class":87},[73,133023,12707],{"class":91},[73,133025,384],{"class":87},[73,133027,229],{"class":105},[73,133029,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133031,1819],{"class":79},[73,133033,84],{"class":83},[73,133035,88],{"class":87},[73,133037,995],{"class":91},[73,133039,384],{"class":87},[73,133041,817],{"class":105},[73,133043,132896],{"class":114},[73,133045,106],{"class":105},[73,133047,3701],{"class":114},[73,133049,854],{"class":105},[73,133051,133052],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133053,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133055,133056,133058,133060,133062],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133057,102],{"class":101},[73,133059,106],{"class":105},[73,133061,1854],{"class":114},[73,133063,854],{"class":105},[73,133065,133066,133068,133070,133072],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,133067,102],{"class":101},[73,133069,106],{"class":105},[73,133071,3701],{"class":114},[73,133073,854],{"class":105},[20,133075,1660],{},[64,133077,133079],{"className":66,"code":133078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133080,133081,133094],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133082,133083,133085,133087,133090,133092],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133084,12690],{"class":79},[73,133086,149],{"class":105},[73,133088,133089],{"class":79}," green",[73,133091,149],{"class":105},[73,133093,35250],{"class":79},[73,133095,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133097,138],{"class":105},[73,133099,141],{"class":87},[73,133101,12690],{"class":91},[73,133103,141],{"class":87},[73,133105,149],{"class":105},[73,133107,152],{"class":87},[73,133109,17054],{"class":91},[73,133111,141],{"class":87},[73,133113,149],{"class":105},[73,133115,152],{"class":87},[73,133117,12707],{"class":91},[73,133119,141],{"class":87},[73,133121,229],{"class":105},[20,133123,133124,133125,133127],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133126,132819],{}," creates a new string.",[59,133129,285],{"id":284},[20,133131,6808],{},[64,133133,133135],{"className":66,"code":133134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133136,133137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133138,133139,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133140,133141],{"class":79},"separator",[73,133143,817],{"class":105},[73,133145,132896],{"class":114},[73,133147,106],{"class":105},[73,133149,3306],{"class":114},[73,133151,854],{"class":105},[292,133153,48387],{"id":48386},[30,133155,133156,133169,133174],{},[33,133157,133158,133160,133161,995,133163,995,133165,1782,133167],{},[15,133159,133141],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133162,132964],{},[15,133164,132970],{},[15,133166,132976],{},[15,133168,5860],{},[33,133170,133171,133173],{},[15,133172,3306],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133175,133176],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133178,714],{},[64,133180,133182],{"className":66,"code":133181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133183,133184,133216,133239,133243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133185,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133187,4585],{"class":79},[73,133189,84],{"class":83},[73,133191,528],{"class":105},[73,133193,384],{"class":87},[73,133195,12477],{"class":91},[73,133197,384],{"class":87},[73,133199,149],{"class":105},[73,133201,88],{"class":87},[73,133203,35310],{"class":91},[73,133205,384],{"class":87},[73,133207,149],{"class":105},[73,133209,88],{"class":87},[73,133211,35319],{"class":91},[73,133213,384],{"class":87},[73,133215,229],{"class":105},[73,133217,133218,133220,133222,133224,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133219,1819],{"class":79},[73,133221,84],{"class":83},[73,133223,88],{"class":87},[73,133225,133226],{"class":91}," | ",[73,133228,384],{"class":87},[73,133230,817],{"class":105},[73,133232,132896],{"class":114},[73,133234,106],{"class":105},[73,133236,4629],{"class":114},[73,133238,854],{"class":105},[73,133240,133241],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133242,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133244,133245,133247,133249,133251],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133246,102],{"class":101},[73,133248,106],{"class":105},[73,133250,1854],{"class":114},[73,133252,854],{"class":105},[20,133254,1660],{},[64,133256,133258],{"className":66,"code":133257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133259,133260],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133261,133262,133265,133267,133270,133272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133263,133264],{"class":79},"Ana ",[73,133266,113244],{"class":83},[73,133268,133269],{"class":79}," Ben ",[73,133271,113244],{"class":83},[73,133273,35391],{"class":79},[20,133275,133276,133277,817],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[587,133278,124492],{"href":50353},[59,133280,121268],{"id":121267},[292,133282,133284],{"id":133283},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[64,133286,133288],{"className":66,"code":133287,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133289,133290,133323,133343,133347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133291,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316,133319,133321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133293,3657],{"class":79},[73,133295,84],{"class":83},[73,133297,528],{"class":105},[73,133299,384],{"class":87},[73,133301,6887],{"class":91},[73,133303,384],{"class":87},[73,133305,149],{"class":105},[73,133307,88],{"class":87},[73,133309,11789],{"class":91},[73,133311,384],{"class":87},[73,133313,149],{"class":105},[73,133315,88],{"class":87},[73,133317,133318],{"class":91},"easy",[73,133320,384],{"class":87},[73,133322,229],{"class":105},[73,133324,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133326,1819],{"class":79},[73,133328,84],{"class":83},[73,133330,88],{"class":87},[73,133332,88],{"class":87},[73,133334,817],{"class":105},[73,133336,132896],{"class":114},[73,133338,106],{"class":105},[73,133340,3701],{"class":114},[73,133342,854],{"class":105},[73,133344,133345],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133346,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133348,133349,133351,133353,133355],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133350,102],{"class":101},[73,133352,106],{"class":105},[73,133354,1854],{"class":114},[73,133356,854],{"class":105},[20,133358,1660],{},[64,133360,133362],{"className":66,"code":133361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python is easy\n",[15,133363,133364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133365,133366,133368,133370],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133367,13],{"class":79},[73,133369,11789],{"class":83},[73,133371,133372],{"class":79}," easy\n",[292,133374,133376],{"id":133375},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[64,133378,133380],{"className":66,"code":133379,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133381,133382,133417,133439,133443],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133383,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133395,133397,133399,133401,133404,133406,133408,133410,133413,133415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133385,7369],{"class":79},[73,133387,84],{"class":83},[73,133389,528],{"class":105},[73,133391,384],{"class":87},[73,133393,133394],{"class":91},"apples",[73,133396,384],{"class":87},[73,133398,149],{"class":105},[73,133400,88],{"class":87},[73,133402,133403],{"class":91},"bananas",[73,133405,384],{"class":87},[73,133407,149],{"class":105},[73,133409,88],{"class":87},[73,133411,133412],{"class":91},"oranges",[73,133414,384],{"class":87},[73,133416,229],{"class":105},[73,133418,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133420,1819],{"class":79},[73,133422,84],{"class":83},[73,133424,88],{"class":87},[73,133426,995],{"class":91},[73,133428,384],{"class":87},[73,133430,817],{"class":105},[73,133432,132896],{"class":114},[73,133434,106],{"class":105},[73,133436,7400],{"class":114},[73,133438,854],{"class":105},[73,133440,133441],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133442,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133444,133445,133447,133449,133451],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133446,102],{"class":101},[73,133448,106],{"class":105},[73,133450,1854],{"class":114},[73,133452,854],{"class":105},[20,133454,1660],{},[64,133456,133458],{"className":66,"code":133457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133459,133460],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133461,133462,133464,133466,133469,133471],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133463,133394],{"class":79},[73,133465,149],{"class":105},[73,133467,133468],{"class":79}," bananas",[73,133470,149],{"class":105},[73,133472,133473],{"class":79}," oranges\n",[292,133475,133477],{"id":133476},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[64,133479,133481],{"className":66,"code":133480,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133482,133483,133540,133558,133562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133484,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133486,35460],{"class":79},[73,133488,84],{"class":83},[73,133490,528],{"class":105},[73,133492,384],{"class":87},[73,133494,133495],{"class":91},"P",[73,133497,384],{"class":87},[73,133499,149],{"class":105},[73,133501,88],{"class":87},[73,133503,11340],{"class":91},[73,133505,384],{"class":87},[73,133507,149],{"class":105},[73,133509,88],{"class":87},[73,133511,62668],{"class":91},[73,133513,384],{"class":87},[73,133515,149],{"class":105},[73,133517,88],{"class":87},[73,133519,59819],{"class":91},[73,133521,384],{"class":87},[73,133523,149],{"class":105},[73,133525,88],{"class":87},[73,133527,59854],{"class":91},[73,133529,384],{"class":87},[73,133531,149],{"class":105},[73,133533,88],{"class":87},[73,133535,75412],{"class":91},[73,133537,384],{"class":87},[73,133539,229],{"class":105},[73,133541,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133543,1819],{"class":79},[73,133545,84],{"class":83},[73,133547,5714],{"class":87},[73,133549,817],{"class":105},[73,133551,132896],{"class":114},[73,133553,106],{"class":105},[73,133555,35513],{"class":114},[73,133557,854],{"class":105},[73,133559,133560],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133561,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133563,133564,133566,133568,133570],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133565,102],{"class":101},[73,133567,106],{"class":105},[73,133569,1854],{"class":114},[73,133571,854],{"class":105},[20,133573,1660],{},[64,133575,133577],{"className":66,"code":133576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python\n",[15,133578,133579],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133580,133581],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133582,133576],{"class":79},[292,133584,133586,133587,133589],{"id":133585},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133588,132819],{}," returns the result",[64,133591,133593],{"className":66,"code":133592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133594,133595,133628,133651,133655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133596,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133624,133626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133598,3657],{"class":79},[73,133600,84],{"class":83},[73,133602,528],{"class":105},[73,133604,384],{"class":87},[73,133606,6175],{"class":91},[73,133608,384],{"class":87},[73,133610,149],{"class":105},[73,133612,88],{"class":87},[73,133614,78653],{"class":91},[73,133616,384],{"class":87},[73,133618,149],{"class":105},[73,133620,88],{"class":87},[73,133622,133623],{"class":91},"three",[73,133625,384],{"class":87},[73,133627,229],{"class":105},[73,133629,133630,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133631,133632],{"class":79},"joined_text ",[73,133634,84],{"class":83},[73,133636,88],{"class":87},[73,133638,1611],{"class":91},[73,133640,384],{"class":87},[73,133642,817],{"class":105},[73,133644,132896],{"class":114},[73,133646,106],{"class":105},[73,133648,3701],{"class":114},[73,133650,854],{"class":105},[73,133652,133653],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,133654,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,133656,133657,133659,133661,133664],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,133658,102],{"class":101},[73,133660,106],{"class":105},[73,133662,133663],{"class":114},"joined_text",[73,133665,854],{"class":105},[20,133667,1660],{},[64,133669,133671],{"className":66,"code":133670,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"one-two-three\n",[15,133672,133673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133674,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133676,6175],{"class":79},[73,133678,1611],{"class":83},[73,133680,78653],{"class":79},[73,133682,1611],{"class":83},[73,133684,133685],{"class":79},"three\n",[59,133687,133689],{"id":133688},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133691,133692],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[292,133694,133696,133699],{"id":133695},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133697,133698],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[64,133701,133703],{"className":66,"code":133702,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133704,133705,133729],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133706,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133708,3657],{"class":79},[73,133710,84],{"class":83},[73,133712,528],{"class":105},[73,133714,384],{"class":87},[73,133716,92],{"class":91},[73,133718,384],{"class":87},[73,133720,149],{"class":105},[73,133722,88],{"class":87},[73,133724,59972],{"class":91},[73,133726,384],{"class":87},[73,133728,229],{"class":105},[73,133730,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133732,102],{"class":101},[73,133734,106],{"class":105},[73,133736,384],{"class":87},[73,133738,88],{"class":87},[73,133740,817],{"class":105},[73,133742,132896],{"class":114},[73,133744,106],{"class":105},[73,133746,3701],{"class":114},[73,133748,118],{"class":105},[20,133750,1660],{},[64,133752,133754],{"className":66,"code":133753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\n",[15,133755,133756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133757,133758],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133759,133753],{"class":79},[292,133761,133763,133766],{"id":133762},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133764,133765],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[64,133768,133770],{"className":66,"code":133769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133771,133772,133804],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133773,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133775,12673],{"class":79},[73,133777,84],{"class":83},[73,133779,528],{"class":105},[73,133781,384],{"class":87},[73,133783,12690],{"class":91},[73,133785,384],{"class":87},[73,133787,149],{"class":105},[73,133789,88],{"class":87},[73,133791,12707],{"class":91},[73,133793,384],{"class":87},[73,133795,149],{"class":105},[73,133797,88],{"class":87},[73,133799,17054],{"class":91},[73,133801,384],{"class":87},[73,133803,229],{"class":105},[73,133805,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133807,102],{"class":101},[73,133809,106],{"class":105},[73,133811,384],{"class":87},[73,133813,995],{"class":91},[73,133815,384],{"class":87},[73,133817,817],{"class":105},[73,133819,132896],{"class":114},[73,133821,106],{"class":105},[73,133823,17101],{"class":114},[73,133825,118],{"class":105},[20,133827,1660],{},[64,133829,133831],{"className":66,"code":133830,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133832,133833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133834,133835,133837,133839,133842,133844],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133836,12690],{"class":79},[73,133838,149],{"class":105},[73,133840,133841],{"class":79}," blue",[73,133843,149],{"class":105},[73,133845,35243],{"class":79},[20,133847,133848],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[292,133850,133852,133855],{"id":133851},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133853,133854],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[64,133857,133859],{"className":66,"code":133858,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133860,133861,133893],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133862,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133864,42211],{"class":79},[73,133866,84],{"class":83},[73,133868,528],{"class":105},[73,133870,384],{"class":87},[73,133872,68],{"class":91},[73,133874,384],{"class":87},[73,133876,149],{"class":105},[73,133878,88],{"class":87},[73,133880,60555],{"class":91},[73,133882,384],{"class":87},[73,133884,149],{"class":105},[73,133886,88],{"class":87},[73,133888,132896],{"class":91},[73,133890,384],{"class":87},[73,133892,229],{"class":105},[73,133894,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133896,102],{"class":101},[73,133898,106],{"class":105},[73,133900,384],{"class":87},[73,133902,1611],{"class":91},[73,133904,384],{"class":87},[73,133906,817],{"class":105},[73,133908,132896],{"class":114},[73,133910,106],{"class":105},[73,133912,42243],{"class":114},[73,133914,118],{"class":105},[20,133916,1660],{},[64,133918,133920],{"className":66,"code":133919,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"python-string-join\n",[15,133921,133922],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133923,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133925,68],{"class":79},[73,133927,1611],{"class":83},[73,133929,60555],{"class":79},[73,133931,1611],{"class":83},[73,133933,133934],{"class":79},"join\n",[292,133936,133938,133941],{"id":133937},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133939,133940],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[64,133943,133945],{"className":66,"code":133944,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133946,133947,133980],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133948,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133976,133978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133950,112316],{"class":79},[73,133952,84],{"class":83},[73,133954,528],{"class":105},[73,133956,384],{"class":87},[73,133958,21844],{"class":91},[73,133960,384],{"class":87},[73,133962,149],{"class":105},[73,133964,88],{"class":87},[73,133966,30198],{"class":91},[73,133968,384],{"class":87},[73,133970,149],{"class":105},[73,133972,88],{"class":87},[73,133974,133975],{"class":91},"C",[73,133977,384],{"class":87},[73,133979,229],{"class":105},[73,133981,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133997],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,133983,102],{"class":101},[73,133985,106],{"class":105},[73,133987,5860],{"class":87},[73,133989,817],{"class":105},[73,133991,132896],{"class":114},[73,133993,106],{"class":105},[73,133995,133996],{"class":114},"chars",[73,133998,118],{"class":105},[20,134000,1660],{},[64,134002,134004],{"className":66,"code":134003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ABC\n",[15,134005,134006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134007,134008],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134009,134003],{"class":198},[59,134011,134013],{"id":134012},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134015,134016,134018],{},[15,134017,132819],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[292,134020,134022],{"id":134021},"this-works","This works",[64,134024,134026],{"className":66,"code":134025,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134027,134028,134060],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134029,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134031,3409],{"class":79},[73,134033,84],{"class":83},[73,134035,528],{"class":105},[73,134037,384],{"class":87},[73,134039,1920],{"class":91},[73,134041,384],{"class":87},[73,134043,149],{"class":105},[73,134045,88],{"class":87},[73,134047,15352],{"class":91},[73,134049,384],{"class":87},[73,134051,149],{"class":105},[73,134053,88],{"class":87},[73,134055,36212],{"class":91},[73,134057,384],{"class":87},[73,134059,229],{"class":105},[73,134061,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134063,102],{"class":101},[73,134065,106],{"class":105},[73,134067,384],{"class":87},[73,134069,995],{"class":91},[73,134071,384],{"class":87},[73,134073,817],{"class":105},[73,134075,132896],{"class":114},[73,134077,106],{"class":105},[73,134079,4945],{"class":114},[73,134081,118],{"class":105},[20,134083,1660],{},[64,134085,134087],{"className":66,"code":134086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134088,134089],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134090,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134092,1920],{"class":315},[73,134094,149],{"class":105},[73,134096,7380],{"class":315},[73,134098,149],{"class":105},[73,134100,134101],{"class":315}," 30\n",[292,134103,134105],{"id":134104},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[64,134107,134109],{"className":66,"code":134108,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134110,134111,134131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134112,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134114,3409],{"class":79},[73,134116,84],{"class":83},[73,134118,528],{"class":105},[73,134120,404],{"class":315},[73,134122,149],{"class":105},[73,134124,409],{"class":315},[73,134126,149],{"class":105},[73,134128,414],{"class":315},[73,134130,229],{"class":105},[73,134132,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134134,102],{"class":101},[73,134136,106],{"class":105},[73,134138,384],{"class":87},[73,134140,995],{"class":91},[73,134142,384],{"class":87},[73,134144,817],{"class":105},[73,134146,132896],{"class":114},[73,134148,106],{"class":105},[73,134150,4945],{"class":114},[73,134152,118],{"class":105},[20,134154,89693,134155,134157],{},[15,134156,2594],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134159,134160],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[64,134162,134164],{"className":66,"code":134163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134165,134166,134186,134216,134220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134167,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134169,3409],{"class":79},[73,134171,84],{"class":83},[73,134173,528],{"class":105},[73,134175,404],{"class":315},[73,134177,149],{"class":105},[73,134179,409],{"class":315},[73,134181,149],{"class":105},[73,134183,414],{"class":315},[73,134185,229],{"class":105},[73,134187,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134189,1819],{"class":79},[73,134191,84],{"class":83},[73,134193,88],{"class":87},[73,134195,995],{"class":91},[73,134197,384],{"class":87},[73,134199,817],{"class":105},[73,134201,132896],{"class":114},[73,134203,106],{"class":105},[73,134205,39232],{"class":101},[73,134207,106],{"class":105},[73,134209,3031],{"class":1270},[73,134211,149],{"class":105},[73,134213,3472],{"class":114},[73,134215,118],{"class":105},[73,134217,134218],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,134219,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,134223,102],{"class":101},[73,134225,106],{"class":105},[73,134227,1854],{"class":114},[73,134229,854],{"class":105},[20,134231,1660],{},[64,134233,134235],{"className":66,"code":134234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134236,134237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134238,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134240,404],{"class":315},[73,134242,149],{"class":105},[73,134244,409],{"class":315},[73,134246,149],{"class":105},[73,134248,2168],{"class":315},[20,134250,134251,134252,817],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[587,134253,13,134254,1470],{"href":41549},[15,134255,47060],{},[292,134257,134259,134261],{"id":134258},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134260,3364],{}," values do not work directly",[64,134263,134265],{"className":66,"code":134264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134266,134267,134295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134268,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134270,3409],{"class":79},[73,134272,84],{"class":83},[73,134274,528],{"class":105},[73,134276,384],{"class":87},[73,134278,3666],{"class":91},[73,134280,384],{"class":87},[73,134282,149],{"class":105},[73,134284,3439],{"class":3438},[73,134286,149],{"class":105},[73,134288,88],{"class":87},[73,134290,3675],{"class":91},[73,134292,384],{"class":87},[73,134294,229],{"class":105},[73,134296,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134298,102],{"class":101},[73,134300,106],{"class":105},[73,134302,384],{"class":87},[73,134304,995],{"class":91},[73,134306,384],{"class":87},[73,134308,817],{"class":105},[73,134310,132896],{"class":114},[73,134312,106],{"class":105},[73,134314,4945],{"class":114},[73,134316,118],{"class":105},[20,134318,134319,134320,817],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134321,2594],{},[20,134323,134324],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[64,134326,134328],{"className":66,"code":134327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134329,134330,134358,134388,134392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134331,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134333,3409],{"class":79},[73,134335,84],{"class":83},[73,134337,528],{"class":105},[73,134339,384],{"class":87},[73,134341,3666],{"class":91},[73,134343,384],{"class":87},[73,134345,149],{"class":105},[73,134347,3439],{"class":3438},[73,134349,149],{"class":105},[73,134351,88],{"class":87},[73,134353,3675],{"class":91},[73,134355,384],{"class":87},[73,134357,229],{"class":105},[73,134359,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134361,1819],{"class":79},[73,134363,84],{"class":83},[73,134365,88],{"class":87},[73,134367,995],{"class":91},[73,134369,384],{"class":87},[73,134371,817],{"class":105},[73,134373,132896],{"class":114},[73,134375,106],{"class":105},[73,134377,39232],{"class":101},[73,134379,106],{"class":105},[73,134381,3031],{"class":1270},[73,134383,149],{"class":105},[73,134385,3472],{"class":114},[73,134387,118],{"class":105},[73,134389,134390],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,134391,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,134393,134394,134396,134398,134400],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,134395,102],{"class":101},[73,134397,106],{"class":105},[73,134399,1854],{"class":114},[73,134401,854],{"class":105},[20,134403,1660],{},[64,134405,134407],{"className":66,"code":134406,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134408,134409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134410,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134412,3666],{"class":79},[73,134414,149],{"class":105},[73,134416,3439],{"class":3438},[73,134418,149],{"class":105},[73,134420,134421],{"class":79}," banana\n",[20,134423,134424,134425,134427],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134426,3364],{}," values instead of converting them.",[292,134429,134431,134433],{"id":134430},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134432,132819],{}," also works with tuples",[64,134435,134437],{"className":66,"code":134436,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134438,134439,134471],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134440,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134442,4585],{"class":79},[73,134444,84],{"class":83},[73,134446,8828],{"class":105},[73,134448,384],{"class":87},[73,134450,327],{"class":91},[73,134452,384],{"class":87},[73,134454,149],{"class":105},[73,134456,88],{"class":87},[73,134458,130825],{"class":91},[73,134460,384],{"class":87},[73,134462,149],{"class":105},[73,134464,88],{"class":87},[73,134466,7511],{"class":91},[73,134468,384],{"class":87},[73,134470,854],{"class":105},[73,134472,134473,134475,134477,134479,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134474,102],{"class":101},[73,134476,106],{"class":105},[73,134478,384],{"class":87},[73,134480,134481],{"class":91}," \u002F ",[73,134483,384],{"class":87},[73,134485,817],{"class":105},[73,134487,132896],{"class":114},[73,134489,106],{"class":105},[73,134491,4629],{"class":114},[73,134493,118],{"class":105},[20,134495,1660],{},[64,134497,134499],{"className":66,"code":134498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134500,134501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134502,134503,134506,134508,134511,134513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134504,134505],{"class":79},"Sam ",[73,134507,126629],{"class":83},[73,134509,134510],{"class":79}," Lee ",[73,134512,126629],{"class":83},[73,134514,21933],{"class":79},[59,134516,134518,134519],{"id":134517},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134520,132819],{},[20,134522,134523],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[292,134525,134527,134528,134530],{"id":134526},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134529,2594],{}," because not all items are strings",[64,134532,134534],{"className":66,"code":134533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134535,134536,134564],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134537,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134539,7369],{"class":79},[73,134541,84],{"class":83},[73,134543,528],{"class":105},[73,134545,384],{"class":87},[73,134547,587],{"class":91},[73,134549,384],{"class":87},[73,134551,149],{"class":105},[73,134553,409],{"class":315},[73,134555,149],{"class":105},[73,134557,88],{"class":87},[73,134559,9332],{"class":91},[73,134561,384],{"class":87},[73,134563,229],{"class":105},[73,134565,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134567,102],{"class":101},[73,134569,106],{"class":105},[73,134571,384],{"class":87},[73,134573,88],{"class":87},[73,134575,817],{"class":105},[73,134577,132896],{"class":114},[73,134579,106],{"class":105},[73,134581,7400],{"class":114},[73,134583,118],{"class":105},[20,134585,47887,134586,134588],{},[15,134587,1646],{}," is an integer.",[20,134590,38634],{},[64,134592,134594],{"className":66,"code":134593,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134595,134596,134624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134597,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134599,7369],{"class":79},[73,134601,84],{"class":83},[73,134603,528],{"class":105},[73,134605,384],{"class":87},[73,134607,587],{"class":91},[73,134609,384],{"class":87},[73,134611,149],{"class":105},[73,134613,409],{"class":315},[73,134615,149],{"class":105},[73,134617,88],{"class":87},[73,134619,9332],{"class":91},[73,134621,384],{"class":87},[73,134623,229],{"class":105},[73,134625,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134627,102],{"class":101},[73,134629,106],{"class":105},[73,134631,384],{"class":87},[73,134633,88],{"class":87},[73,134635,817],{"class":105},[73,134637,132896],{"class":114},[73,134639,106],{"class":105},[73,134641,39232],{"class":101},[73,134643,106],{"class":105},[73,134645,3031],{"class":1270},[73,134647,149],{"class":105},[73,134649,5553],{"class":114},[73,134651,2503],{"class":105},[20,134653,134654,134655,817],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[587,134656,25276,134658],{"href":134657},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134659,134660],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[292,134662,134664,134665,134667],{"id":134663},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134666,132819],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134669,4114],{},[64,134671,134673],{"className":66,"code":134672,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134674,134675,134707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134676,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134678,3657],{"class":79},[73,134680,84],{"class":83},[73,134682,528],{"class":105},[73,134684,384],{"class":87},[73,134686,6887],{"class":91},[73,134688,384],{"class":87},[73,134690,149],{"class":105},[73,134692,88],{"class":87},[73,134694,11789],{"class":91},[73,134696,384],{"class":87},[73,134698,149],{"class":105},[73,134700,88],{"class":87},[73,134702,132877],{"class":91},[73,134704,384],{"class":87},[73,134706,229],{"class":105},[73,134708,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134710,1819],{"class":79},[73,134712,84],{"class":83},[73,134714,5756],{"class":79},[73,134716,817],{"class":105},[73,134718,132896],{"class":114},[73,134720,106],{"class":105},[73,134722,384],{"class":87},[73,134724,88],{"class":87},[73,134726,854],{"class":105},[20,134728,134729,134731],{},[15,134730,132819],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134733,10400],{},[64,134735,134737],{"className":66,"code":134736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134738,134739,134771,134791,134795],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134740,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134742,3657],{"class":79},[73,134744,84],{"class":83},[73,134746,528],{"class":105},[73,134748,384],{"class":87},[73,134750,6887],{"class":91},[73,134752,384],{"class":87},[73,134754,149],{"class":105},[73,134756,88],{"class":87},[73,134758,11789],{"class":91},[73,134760,384],{"class":87},[73,134762,149],{"class":105},[73,134764,88],{"class":87},[73,134766,132877],{"class":91},[73,134768,384],{"class":87},[73,134770,229],{"class":105},[73,134772,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134774,1819],{"class":79},[73,134776,84],{"class":83},[73,134778,88],{"class":87},[73,134780,88],{"class":87},[73,134782,817],{"class":105},[73,134784,132896],{"class":114},[73,134786,106],{"class":105},[73,134788,3701],{"class":114},[73,134790,854],{"class":105},[73,134792,134793],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,134794,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,134796,134797,134799,134801,134803],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,134798,102],{"class":101},[73,134800,106],{"class":105},[73,134802,1854],{"class":114},[73,134804,854],{"class":105},[292,134806,134808],{"id":134807},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[64,134810,134812],{"className":66,"code":134811,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134813,134814,134846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134815,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134817,3657],{"class":79},[73,134819,84],{"class":83},[73,134821,528],{"class":105},[73,134823,384],{"class":87},[73,134825,6175],{"class":91},[73,134827,384],{"class":87},[73,134829,149],{"class":105},[73,134831,88],{"class":87},[73,134833,78653],{"class":91},[73,134835,384],{"class":87},[73,134837,149],{"class":105},[73,134839,88],{"class":87},[73,134841,133623],{"class":91},[73,134843,384],{"class":87},[73,134845,229],{"class":105},[73,134847,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134849,102],{"class":101},[73,134851,106],{"class":105},[73,134853,5860],{"class":87},[73,134855,817],{"class":105},[73,134857,132896],{"class":114},[73,134859,106],{"class":105},[73,134861,3701],{"class":114},[73,134863,118],{"class":105},[20,134865,1660],{},[64,134867,134869],{"className":66,"code":134868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"onetwothree\n",[15,134870,134871],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134872,134873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134874,134868],{"class":79},[20,134876,134877,134878,6221],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134879,132964],{},[292,134881,134883,134884,131087],{"id":134882},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134885,132819],{},[64,134887,134889],{"className":66,"code":134888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134890,134891,134923,134941,134945],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134892,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134894,3657],{"class":79},[73,134896,84],{"class":83},[73,134898,528],{"class":105},[73,134900,384],{"class":87},[73,134902,587],{"class":91},[73,134904,384],{"class":87},[73,134906,149],{"class":105},[73,134908,88],{"class":87},[73,134910,4350],{"class":91},[73,134912,384],{"class":87},[73,134914,149],{"class":105},[73,134916,88],{"class":87},[73,134918,9332],{"class":91},[73,134920,384],{"class":87},[73,134922,229],{"class":105},[73,134924,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,134926,384],{"class":42703},[73,134928,1611],{"class":42707},[73,134930,384],{"class":42703},[73,134932,817],{"class":105},[73,134934,132896],{"class":114},[73,134936,106],{"class":105},[73,134938,3701],{"class":114},[73,134940,854],{"class":105},[73,134942,134943],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,134944,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,134946,134947,134949,134951,134953],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,134948,102],{"class":101},[73,134950,106],{"class":105},[73,134952,3701],{"class":114},[73,134954,854],{"class":105},[20,134956,1660],{},[64,134958,134959],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,134960,134961],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134962,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134964,138],{"class":105},[73,134966,141],{"class":87},[73,134968,587],{"class":91},[73,134970,141],{"class":87},[73,134972,149],{"class":105},[73,134974,152],{"class":87},[73,134976,4350],{"class":91},[73,134978,141],{"class":87},[73,134980,149],{"class":105},[73,134982,152],{"class":87},[73,134984,9332],{"class":91},[73,134986,141],{"class":87},[73,134988,229],{"class":105},[20,134990,134991,134992,134994],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134993,132819],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[59,134996,134998,135000,135001],{"id":134997},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134999,132819],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135002,1649],{},[20,135004,10182,135005,355,135007,135009],{},[15,135006,132819],{},[15,135008,1649],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[292,135011,121,135013,135015],{"id":135012},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135014,1649],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[64,135017,135019],{"className":66,"code":135018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135020,135021,135034,135047,135067,135071],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135022,135023,135026,135028,135030,135032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135024,135025],{"class":79},"first ",[73,135027,84],{"class":83},[73,135029,88],{"class":87},[73,135031,652],{"class":91},[73,135033,95],{"class":87},[73,135035,135036,135039,135041,135043,135045],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135037,135038],{"class":79},"second ",[73,135040,84],{"class":83},[73,135042,88],{"class":87},[73,135044,89122],{"class":91},[73,135046,95],{"class":87},[73,135048,135049,135051,135053,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135050,1819],{"class":79},[73,135052,84],{"class":83},[73,135054,135055],{"class":79}," first ",[73,135057,1649],{"class":83},[73,135059,88],{"class":87},[73,135061,88],{"class":87},[73,135063,2044],{"class":83},[73,135065,135066],{"class":79}," second\n",[73,135068,135069],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135070,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135072,135073,135075,135077,135079],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,135074,102],{"class":101},[73,135076,106],{"class":105},[73,135078,1854],{"class":114},[73,135080,854],{"class":105},[20,135082,1660],{},[64,135084,135086],{"className":66,"code":135085,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello World\n",[15,135087,135088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135089,135090],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135091,135085],{"class":79},[292,135093,121,135095,135097],{"id":135094},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135096,132819],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[64,135099,135101],{"className":66,"code":135100,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135102,135103,135145,135165,135169],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135104,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135124,135126,135128,135130,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135106,3657],{"class":79},[73,135108,84],{"class":83},[73,135110,528],{"class":105},[73,135112,384],{"class":87},[73,135114,6887],{"class":91},[73,135116,384],{"class":87},[73,135118,149],{"class":105},[73,135120,88],{"class":87},[73,135122,135123],{"class":91},"makes",[73,135125,384],{"class":87},[73,135127,149],{"class":105},[73,135129,88],{"class":87},[73,135131,135132],{"class":91},"this",[73,135134,384],{"class":87},[73,135136,149],{"class":105},[73,135138,88],{"class":87},[73,135140,133318],{"class":91},[73,135142,384],{"class":87},[73,135144,229],{"class":105},[73,135146,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135148,1819],{"class":79},[73,135150,84],{"class":83},[73,135152,88],{"class":87},[73,135154,88],{"class":87},[73,135156,817],{"class":105},[73,135158,132896],{"class":114},[73,135160,106],{"class":105},[73,135162,3701],{"class":114},[73,135164,854],{"class":105},[73,135166,135167],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135168,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135170,135171,135173,135175,135177],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135172,102],{"class":101},[73,135174,106],{"class":105},[73,135176,1854],{"class":114},[73,135178,854],{"class":105},[20,135180,1660],{},[64,135182,135184],{"className":66,"code":135183,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135185,135186],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135187,135188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135189,135183],{"class":79},[20,135191,135192,135194],{},[15,135193,132819],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135196,135197,135200,135203],{},[33,135198,135199],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135201,135202],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135204,135205,135206,135208],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135207,1649],{}," operators",[20,135210,135211,135212,817],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[587,135213,135215],{"href":135214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[59,135217,135219],{"id":135218},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135221,8466,135222,135224],{},[15,135223,132819],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135226,135227,135230,135235,135244,135250],{},[33,135228,135229],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135231,135232,135233],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135234,3364],{},[33,135236,135237,135238,10685,135241],{},"You may have written ",[15,135239,135240],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135242,135243],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135245,135246,135247,135249],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135248,132819],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135251,135252],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135254,93762],{},[64,135256,135258],{"className":66,"code":135257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135259,135260,135274,135284,135308,135348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135261,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135263,102],{"class":101},[73,135265,106],{"class":105},[73,135267,1271],{"class":1270},[73,135269,106],{"class":105},[73,135271,7400],{"class":114},[73,135273,118],{"class":105},[73,135275,135276,135278,135280,135282],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135277,102],{"class":101},[73,135279,106],{"class":105},[73,135281,7400],{"class":114},[73,135283,854],{"class":105},[73,135285,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135287,102],{"class":101},[73,135289,401],{"class":105},[73,135291,1271],{"class":1270},[73,135293,106],{"class":105},[73,135295,22910],{"class":114},[73,135297,3246],{"class":105},[73,135299,3463],{"class":646},[73,135301,5548],{"class":114},[73,135303,3469],{"class":646},[73,135305,5553],{"class":114},[73,135307,3475],{"class":105},[73,135309,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135311,102],{"class":101},[73,135313,106],{"class":105},[73,135315,141],{"class":87},[73,135317,152],{"class":87},[73,135319,817],{"class":105},[73,135321,132896],{"class":114},[73,135323,401],{"class":105},[73,135325,141],{"class":87},[73,135327,587],{"class":91},[73,135329,141],{"class":87},[73,135331,149],{"class":105},[73,135333,152],{"class":87},[73,135335,4350],{"class":91},[73,135337,141],{"class":87},[73,135339,149],{"class":105},[73,135341,152],{"class":87},[73,135343,9332],{"class":91},[73,135345,141],{"class":87},[73,135347,417],{"class":105},[73,135349,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,135351,102],{"class":101},[73,135353,106],{"class":105},[73,135355,141],{"class":87},[73,135357,995],{"class":91},[73,135359,141],{"class":87},[73,135361,817],{"class":105},[73,135363,132896],{"class":114},[73,135365,106],{"class":105},[73,135367,39232],{"class":101},[73,135369,106],{"class":105},[73,135371,3031],{"class":1270},[73,135373,149],{"class":105},[73,135375,528],{"class":105},[73,135377,404],{"class":315},[73,135379,149],{"class":105},[73,135381,409],{"class":315},[73,135383,149],{"class":105},[73,135385,414],{"class":315},[73,135387,36636],{"class":105},[20,135389,135390],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135392,135393,135401,135407,135413,135422],{},[33,135394,135395,135398,135399,7687],{},[15,135396,135397],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135400,7400],{},[33,135402,135403,135406],{},[15,135404,135405],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135408,135409,135412],{},[15,135410,135411],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135414,135415,135418,135419,135421],{},[15,135416,135417],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135420,132819],{}," behavior",[33,135423,135424,135427],{},[15,135425,135426],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[59,135429,1405],{"id":1404},[292,135431,12300,135433,135435],{"id":135432},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135434,132819],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135437,135438,135439,135441,135442,817],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135440,132819],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135443,135444],{},"map(str, values)",[292,135446,12300,135448,56543],{"id":135447},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135449,132819],{},[20,135451,135452],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[292,135454,27925,135456,62016],{"id":135455},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135457,132819],{},[20,135459,41526,135460,135462],{},[15,135461,132819],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[292,135464,1409,135466,39333],{"id":135465},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135467,135468],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135470,135471],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[292,135473,135475,135476,135478,135479,1424],{"id":135474},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135477,2594],{}," when using ",[15,135480,132819],{},[20,135482,135483],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[59,135485,1461],{"id":1460},[30,135487,135488,135493,135499,135505,135511],{},[33,135489,135490],{},[587,135491,135492],{"href":135214},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135494,135495],{},[587,135496,125737,135497,10333],{"href":128424},[15,135498,59912],{},[33,135500,135501],{},[587,135502,13,135503,1470],{"href":41549},[15,135504,47060],{},[33,135506,135507],{},[587,135508,29945,135509],{"href":134657},[15,135510,134660],{},[33,135512,135513],{},[587,135514,124492],{"href":50353},[20,135516,96732,135517,135519],{},[15,135518,132819],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1500,135521,135522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":135524},[135525,135526,135528,135531,135538,135548,135556,135566,135573,135574,135586],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":132936,"depth":98,"text":135527},"What join() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":135529},[135530],{"id":48386,"depth":332,"text":48387},{"id":121267,"depth":98,"text":121268,"children":135532},[135533,135534,135535,135536],{"id":133283,"depth":332,"text":133284},{"id":133375,"depth":332,"text":133376},{"id":133476,"depth":332,"text":133477},{"id":133585,"depth":332,"text":135537},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133688,"depth":98,"text":133689,"children":135539},[135540,135542,135544,135546],{"id":133695,"depth":332,"text":135541},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133762,"depth":332,"text":135543},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133851,"depth":332,"text":135545},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133937,"depth":332,"text":135547},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134012,"depth":98,"text":134013,"children":135549},[135550,135551,135552,135554],{"id":134021,"depth":332,"text":134022},{"id":134104,"depth":332,"text":134105},{"id":134258,"depth":332,"text":135553},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134430,"depth":332,"text":135555},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134517,"depth":98,"text":135557,"children":135558},"Common errors with join()",[135559,135561,135563,135564],{"id":134526,"depth":332,"text":135560},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134663,"depth":332,"text":135562},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134807,"depth":332,"text":134808},{"id":134882,"depth":332,"text":135565},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134997,"depth":98,"text":135567,"children":135568},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135569,135571],{"id":135012,"depth":332,"text":135570},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135094,"depth":332,"text":135572},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135218,"depth":98,"text":135219},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":135575},[135576,135578,135580,135582,135584],{"id":135432,"depth":332,"text":135577},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135447,"depth":332,"text":135579},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135455,"depth":332,"text":135581},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135465,"depth":332,"text":135583},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135474,"depth":332,"text":135585},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132811,"description":135587},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135594,"title":135595,"body":135596,"description":137164,"extension":1552,"meta":137165,"navigation":335,"path":137166,"seo":137167,"stem":137168,"__hash__":137169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135597,"toc":137131},[135598,135603,135608,135610,135624,135669,135676,135681,135686,135688,135704,135713,135715,135717,135732,135734,135744,135746,135808,135810,135813,135874,135876,135892,135894,135907,135910,135957,135959,135965,135968,135971,136031,136039,136125,136129,136134,136136,136150,136153,136238,136241,136299,136310,136365,136367,136374,136380,136386,136430,136433,136480,136482,136484,136491,136493,136524,136527,136529,136560,136564,136567,136569,136609,136611,136654,136660,136665,136667,136694,136699,136702,136751,136755,136758,136833,136844,136847,136904,136911,136917,136925,136930,136937,136944,136962,136964,137018,137026,137028,137033,137036,137042,137048,137053,137056,137062,137068,137075,137083,137085,137128],[10,135599,122737,135601,10916],{"id":135600},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135602,123467],{},[20,135604,122742,135605,135607],{},[15,135606,123467],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135609,23687],{},[30,135611,135612,135615,135618,135621],{},[33,135613,135614],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135616,135617],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135619,135620],{},"clean up user input",[33,135622,135623],{},"make simple text matching easier",[64,135625,135627],{"className":66,"code":135626,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135628,135629,135642,135656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135630,135631,135633,135635,135637,135640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135632,461],{"class":79},[73,135634,84],{"class":83},[73,135636,88],{"class":87},[73,135638,135639],{"class":91},"Hello WORLD",[73,135641,95],{"class":87},[73,135643,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135645,1819],{"class":79},[73,135647,84],{"class":83},[73,135649,42216],{"class":79},[73,135651,817],{"class":105},[73,135653,206],{"class":114},[73,135655,8233],{"class":105},[73,135657,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135659,102],{"class":101},[73,135661,106],{"class":105},[73,135663,1854],{"class":114},[73,135665,3246],{"class":105},[73,135667,135668],{"class":3249},"  # hello world\n",[20,135670,135671,88345,135673,135675],{},[55,135672,83203],{},[15,135674,123467],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[59,135677,236,135679,239],{"id":135678},"what-lower-does",[15,135680,123467],{},[20,135682,135683,135685],{},[15,135684,123467],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135687,12649],{},[30,135689,135690,135695,135698,135701],{},[33,135691,135692,135694],{},[15,135693,123467],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,135696,135697],{},"It works on string objects",[33,135699,135700],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,135702,135703],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135705,124489,135706,135710,135711,817],{},[587,135707,135709],{"href":135708},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[587,135712,50354],{"href":50353},[59,135714,285],{"id":284},[20,135716,1750],{},[64,135718,135720],{"className":66,"code":135719,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.lower()\n",[15,135721,135722],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135723,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135725,60555],{"class":79},[73,135727,817],{"class":105},[73,135729,206],{"class":114},[73,135731,8233],{"class":105},[20,135733,43025],{},[30,135735,135736,135738,135741],{},[33,135737,96910],{},[33,135739,135740],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,135742,135743],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135745,714],{},[64,135747,135749],{"className":66,"code":135748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135750,135751,135774,135778,135791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135752,135753,135755,135757,135759,135762,135764,135766,135768,135771],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135754,102],{"class":101},[73,135756,106],{"class":105},[73,135758,384],{"class":87},[73,135760,135761],{"class":91},"HELLO",[73,135763,384],{"class":87},[73,135765,817],{"class":105},[73,135767,206],{"class":114},[73,135769,135770],{"class":105},"())",[73,135772,135773],{"class":3249},"  # hello\n",[73,135775,135776],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135777,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135779,135780,135782,135784,135786,135789],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135781,80],{"class":79},[73,135783,84],{"class":83},[73,135785,88],{"class":87},[73,135787,135788],{"class":91},"PyThOn",[73,135790,95],{"class":87},[73,135792,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135794,102],{"class":101},[73,135796,106],{"class":105},[73,135798,115],{"class":114},[73,135800,817],{"class":105},[73,135802,206],{"class":114},[73,135804,135770],{"class":105},[73,135806,135807],{"class":3249},"  # python\n",[59,135809,11069],{"id":11068},[20,135811,135812],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[64,135814,135816],{"className":66,"code":135815,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135817,135818,135830,135834,135849,135853,135864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135819,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135821,461],{"class":79},[73,135823,84],{"class":83},[73,135825,88],{"class":87},[73,135827,135639],{"class":91},[73,135829,95],{"class":87},[73,135831,135832],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135833,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135835,135836,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135837,135838],{"class":79},"lower_text ",[73,135840,84],{"class":83},[73,135842,42216],{"class":79},[73,135844,817],{"class":105},[73,135846,206],{"class":114},[73,135848,8233],{"class":105},[73,135850,135851],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135852,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135854,135855,135857,135859,135862],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,135856,102],{"class":101},[73,135858,106],{"class":105},[73,135860,135861],{"class":114},"lower_text",[73,135863,854],{"class":105},[73,135865,135866,135868,135870,135872],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,135867,102],{"class":101},[73,135869,106],{"class":105},[73,135871,482],{"class":114},[73,135873,854],{"class":105},[20,135875,1660],{},[64,135877,135879],{"className":66,"code":135878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135880,135881,135885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135882,135883],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135884,133753],{"class":79},[73,135886,135887,135889],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135888,131153],{"class":79},[73,135890,135891],{"class":198},"WORLD\n",[20,135893,24207],{},[30,135895,135896,135901],{},[33,135897,135898,135900],{},[15,135899,123467],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,135902,135903,135904,135906],{},"the original ",[15,135905,482],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135908,135909],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[64,135911,135913],{"className":66,"code":135912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135914,135915,135927,135941,135945],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135916,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135918,461],{"class":79},[73,135920,84],{"class":83},[73,135922,88],{"class":87},[73,135924,135639],{"class":91},[73,135926,95],{"class":87},[73,135928,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135930,461],{"class":79},[73,135932,84],{"class":83},[73,135934,42216],{"class":79},[73,135936,817],{"class":105},[73,135938,206],{"class":114},[73,135940,8233],{"class":105},[73,135942,135943],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135944,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135946,135947,135949,135951,135953,135955],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,135948,102],{"class":101},[73,135950,106],{"class":105},[73,135952,482],{"class":114},[73,135954,3246],{"class":105},[73,135956,135668],{"class":3249},[59,135958,17017],{"id":17016},[20,135960,135961,21574,135963,817],{},[15,135962,123467],{},[55,135964,60555],{},[20,135966,135967],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135969,135970],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[64,135972,135974],{"className":66,"code":135973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135975,135976,135990,135994,136017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135977,135978,135981,135983,135985,135988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135979,135980],{"class":79},"answer ",[73,135982,84],{"class":83},[73,135984,88],{"class":87},[73,135986,135987],{"class":91},"YES",[73,135989,95],{"class":87},[73,135991,135992],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,135993,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,135995,135996,135998,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,135997,6588],{"class":646},[73,135999,136000],{"class":79}," answer",[73,136002,817],{"class":105},[73,136004,206],{"class":114},[73,136006,6956],{"class":105},[73,136008,5997],{"class":83},[73,136010,88],{"class":87},[73,136012,8248],{"class":91},[73,136014,384],{"class":87},[73,136016,5982],{"class":105},[73,136018,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136020,7659],{"class":101},[73,136022,106],{"class":105},[73,136024,384],{"class":87},[73,136026,96219],{"class":91},[73,136028,384],{"class":87},[73,136030,854],{"class":105},[20,136032,136033,136034,2475],{},"This is especially useful with ",[587,136035,136036,136037,1892],{"href":7810},"the ",[15,136038,2549],{},[64,136040,136042],{"className":66,"code":136041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136043,136044,136063,136067,136089,136104,136110],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136045,136046,136048,136050,136052,136054,136056,136059,136061],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136047,135980],{"class":79},[73,136049,84],{"class":83},[73,136051,7833],{"class":101},[73,136053,106],{"class":105},[73,136055,384],{"class":87},[73,136057,136058],{"class":91},"Type yes or no: ",[73,136060,384],{"class":87},[73,136062,854],{"class":105},[73,136064,136065],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136066,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136068,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136070,6588],{"class":646},[73,136072,136000],{"class":79},[73,136074,817],{"class":105},[73,136076,206],{"class":114},[73,136078,6956],{"class":105},[73,136080,5997],{"class":83},[73,136082,88],{"class":87},[73,136084,8248],{"class":91},[73,136086,384],{"class":87},[73,136088,5982],{"class":105},[73,136090,136091,136093,136095,136097,136100,136102],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136092,7659],{"class":101},[73,136094,106],{"class":105},[73,136096,384],{"class":87},[73,136098,136099],{"class":91},"You typed yes",[73,136101,384],{"class":87},[73,136103,854],{"class":105},[73,136105,136106,136108],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,136107,27030],{"class":646},[73,136109,5982],{"class":105},[73,136111,136112,136114,136116,136118,136121,136123],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,136113,7659],{"class":101},[73,136115,106],{"class":105},[73,136117,384],{"class":87},[73,136119,136120],{"class":91},"You typed something else",[73,136122,384],{"class":87},[73,136124,854],{"class":105},[59,136126,136128],{"id":136127},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136130,136131,136133],{},[15,136132,123467],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136135,6933],{},[30,136137,136138,136141,136144,136147],{},[33,136139,136140],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136142,136143],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136145,136146],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136148,136149],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136151,136152],{},"Example: checking user input",[64,136154,136156],{"className":66,"code":136155,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136157,136158,136176,136180,136202,136217,136223],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136159,136160,136162,136164,136166,136168,136170,136172,136174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136161,44334],{"class":79},[73,136163,84],{"class":83},[73,136165,7833],{"class":101},[73,136167,106],{"class":105},[73,136169,384],{"class":87},[73,136171,44345],{"class":91},[73,136173,384],{"class":87},[73,136175,854],{"class":105},[73,136177,136178],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136179,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136181,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136183,6588],{"class":646},[73,136185,35220],{"class":79},[73,136187,817],{"class":105},[73,136189,206],{"class":114},[73,136191,6956],{"class":105},[73,136193,5997],{"class":83},[73,136195,88],{"class":87},[73,136197,12707],{"class":91},[73,136199,384],{"class":87},[73,136201,5982],{"class":105},[73,136203,136204,136206,136208,136210,136213,136215],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136205,7659],{"class":101},[73,136207,106],{"class":105},[73,136209,384],{"class":87},[73,136211,136212],{"class":91},"Nice choice!",[73,136214,384],{"class":87},[73,136216,854],{"class":105},[73,136218,136219,136221],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,136220,27030],{"class":646},[73,136222,5982],{"class":105},[73,136224,136225,136227,136229,136231,136234,136236],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,136226,7659],{"class":101},[73,136228,106],{"class":105},[73,136230,384],{"class":87},[73,136232,136233],{"class":91},"Got it.",[73,136235,384],{"class":87},[73,136237,854],{"class":105},[20,136239,136240],{},"Example: simple search",[64,136242,136244],{"className":66,"code":136243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136245,136246,136259,136263,136284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136247,136248,136250,136252,136254,136257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136249,89389],{"class":79},[73,136251,84],{"class":83},[73,136253,88],{"class":87},[73,136255,136256],{"class":91},"Python Is Fun",[73,136258,95],{"class":87},[73,136260,136261],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136262,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136264,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136278,136280,136282],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136266,6588],{"class":646},[73,136268,88],{"class":87},[73,136270,68],{"class":91},[73,136272,384],{"class":87},[73,136274,20773],{"class":83},[73,136276,136277],{"class":79}," message",[73,136279,817],{"class":105},[73,136281,206],{"class":114},[73,136283,641],{"class":105},[73,136285,136286,136288,136290,136292,136295,136297],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136287,7659],{"class":101},[73,136289,106],{"class":105},[73,136291,384],{"class":87},[73,136293,136294],{"class":91},"Found it",[73,136296,384],{"class":87},[73,136298,854],{"class":105},[20,136300,136301,136302,136304,136305,2475],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136303,123467],{}," is often used with ",[587,136306,136308],{"href":136307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136309,41027],{},[64,136311,136313],{"className":66,"code":136312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136314,136315,136328,136347,136351],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323,136326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136318,80],{"class":79},[73,136320,84],{"class":83},[73,136322,88],{"class":87},[73,136324,136325],{"class":91},"  ALICE  ",[73,136327,95],{"class":87},[73,136329,136330,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136331,136332],{"class":79},"clean_name ",[73,136334,84],{"class":83},[73,136336,35361],{"class":79},[73,136338,817],{"class":105},[73,136340,506],{"class":114},[73,136342,8228],{"class":105},[73,136344,206],{"class":114},[73,136346,8233],{"class":105},[73,136348,136349],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136350,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136352,136353,136355,136357,136360,136362],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136354,102],{"class":101},[73,136356,106],{"class":105},[73,136358,136359],{"class":114},"clean_name",[73,136361,3246],{"class":105},[73,136363,136364],{"class":3249},"  # alice\n",[59,136366,15195],{"id":15194},[20,136368,136369,136370,136373],{},"Strings are ",[55,136371,136372],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136375,136376,136377,136379],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136378,123467],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136381,136382,136383,136385],{},"So this does ",[55,136384,806],{}," update the original variable:",[64,136387,136389],{"className":66,"code":136388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136390,136391,136403,136413,136417],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136392,136393,136395,136397,136399,136401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136394,461],{"class":79},[73,136396,84],{"class":83},[73,136398,88],{"class":87},[73,136400,135761],{"class":91},[73,136402,95],{"class":87},[73,136404,136405,136407,136409,136411],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136406,482],{"class":79},[73,136408,817],{"class":105},[73,136410,206],{"class":114},[73,136412,8233],{"class":105},[73,136414,136415],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136416,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136418,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136420,102],{"class":101},[73,136422,106],{"class":105},[73,136424,482],{"class":114},[73,136426,3246],{"class":105},[73,136428,136429],{"class":3249},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136431,136432],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[64,136434,136436],{"className":66,"code":136435,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136437,136438,136450,136464,136468],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136439,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136441,461],{"class":79},[73,136443,84],{"class":83},[73,136445,88],{"class":87},[73,136447,135761],{"class":91},[73,136449,95],{"class":87},[73,136451,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460,136462],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136453,461],{"class":79},[73,136455,84],{"class":83},[73,136457,42216],{"class":79},[73,136459,817],{"class":105},[73,136461,206],{"class":114},[73,136463,8233],{"class":105},[73,136465,136466],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136467,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136471,102],{"class":101},[73,136473,106],{"class":105},[73,136475,482],{"class":114},[73,136477,3246],{"class":105},[73,136479,135773],{"class":3249},[59,136481,1207],{"id":1206},[292,136483,25284],{"id":25283},[20,136485,136486,136487,10685,136489,817],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136488,206],{},[15,136490,123467],{},[20,136492,16242],{},[64,136494,136496],{"className":66,"code":136495,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136497,136498,136510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136499,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136501,461],{"class":79},[73,136503,84],{"class":83},[73,136505,88],{"class":87},[73,136507,135761],{"class":91},[73,136509,95],{"class":87},[73,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136513,102],{"class":101},[73,136515,106],{"class":105},[73,136517,482],{"class":114},[73,136519,817],{"class":105},[73,136521,206],{"class":851},[73,136523,854],{"class":105},[20,136525,136526],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136528,16254],{},[64,136530,136532],{"className":66,"code":136531,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136533,136534,136546],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136535,136536,136538,136540,136542,136544],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136537,461],{"class":79},[73,136539,84],{"class":83},[73,136541,88],{"class":87},[73,136543,135761],{"class":91},[73,136545,95],{"class":87},[73,136547,136548,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136549,102],{"class":101},[73,136551,106],{"class":105},[73,136553,482],{"class":114},[73,136555,817],{"class":105},[73,136557,206],{"class":114},[73,136559,348],{"class":105},[292,136561,136563],{"id":136562},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136565,136566],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136568,16242],{},[64,136570,136572],{"className":66,"code":136571,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136573,136574,136586,136596],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136577,461],{"class":79},[73,136579,84],{"class":83},[73,136581,88],{"class":87},[73,136583,135761],{"class":91},[73,136585,95],{"class":87},[73,136587,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136589,482],{"class":79},[73,136591,817],{"class":105},[73,136593,206],{"class":114},[73,136595,8233],{"class":105},[73,136597,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136599,102],{"class":101},[73,136601,106],{"class":105},[73,136603,482],{"class":114},[73,136605,3246],{"class":105},[73,136607,136608],{"class":3249},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136610,16254],{},[64,136612,136614],{"className":66,"code":136613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136615,136616,136628,136642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136617,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136619,461],{"class":79},[73,136621,84],{"class":83},[73,136623,88],{"class":87},[73,136625,135761],{"class":91},[73,136627,95],{"class":87},[73,136629,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136631,461],{"class":79},[73,136633,84],{"class":83},[73,136635,42216],{"class":79},[73,136637,817],{"class":105},[73,136639,206],{"class":114},[73,136641,8233],{"class":105},[73,136643,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136645,102],{"class":101},[73,136647,106],{"class":105},[73,136649,482],{"class":114},[73,136651,3246],{"class":105},[73,136653,135773],{"class":3249},[292,136655,438,136657,136659],{"id":136656},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136658,123467],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136661,136662,136664],{},[15,136663,123467],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136666,16242],{},[64,136668,136670],{"className":66,"code":136669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136671,136672,136680],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136673,136674,136676,136678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136675,1806],{"class":79},[73,136677,84],{"class":83},[73,136679,124419],{"class":315},[73,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136683,102],{"class":101},[73,136685,106],{"class":105},[73,136687,1829],{"class":114},[73,136689,817],{"class":105},[73,136691,206],{"class":114},[73,136693,348],{"class":105},[20,136695,136696,136697,33198],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136698,123467],{},[20,136700,136701],{},"You can check the type first:",[64,136703,136705],{"className":66,"code":136704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136706,136707,136719,136723,136737],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136708,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136710,461],{"class":79},[73,136712,84],{"class":83},[73,136714,88],{"class":87},[73,136716,135761],{"class":91},[73,136718,95],{"class":87},[73,136720,136721],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136722,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136724,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733,136735],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136726,102],{"class":101},[73,136728,106],{"class":105},[73,136730,1271],{"class":1270},[73,136732,106],{"class":105},[73,136734,482],{"class":114},[73,136736,118],{"class":105},[73,136738,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136740,102],{"class":101},[73,136742,106],{"class":105},[73,136744,482],{"class":114},[73,136746,817],{"class":105},[73,136748,206],{"class":114},[73,136750,348],{"class":105},[292,136752,136754],{"id":136753},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136756,136757],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[64,136759,136761],{"className":66,"code":136760,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136762,136763,136776,136780,136797,136812,136818],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771,136774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136766,135980],{"class":79},[73,136768,84],{"class":83},[73,136770,88],{"class":87},[73,136772,136773],{"class":91},"Yes",[73,136775,95],{"class":87},[73,136777,136778],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136779,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136781,136782,136784,136787,136789,136791,136793,136795],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136783,6588],{"class":646},[73,136785,136786],{"class":79}," answer ",[73,136788,4277],{"class":83},[73,136790,88],{"class":87},[73,136792,8248],{"class":91},[73,136794,384],{"class":87},[73,136796,5982],{"class":105},[73,136798,136799,136801,136803,136805,136808,136810],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136800,7659],{"class":101},[73,136802,106],{"class":105},[73,136804,384],{"class":87},[73,136806,136807],{"class":91},"Match",[73,136809,384],{"class":87},[73,136811,854],{"class":105},[73,136813,136814,136816],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,136815,27030],{"class":646},[73,136817,5982],{"class":105},[73,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826,136829,136831],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,136821,7659],{"class":101},[73,136823,106],{"class":105},[73,136825,384],{"class":87},[73,136827,136828],{"class":91},"No match",[73,136830,384],{"class":87},[73,136832,854],{"class":105},[20,136834,28658,136835,355,136838,136841,136842,817],{},[15,136836,136837],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136839,136840],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136843,136828],{},[20,136845,136846],{},"Better:",[64,136848,136850],{"className":66,"code":136849,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136851,136852,136864,136868,136890],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136853,136854,136856,136858,136860,136862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136855,135980],{"class":79},[73,136857,84],{"class":83},[73,136859,88],{"class":87},[73,136861,136773],{"class":91},[73,136863,95],{"class":87},[73,136865,136866],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136867,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136869,136870,136872,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136871,6588],{"class":646},[73,136873,136000],{"class":79},[73,136875,817],{"class":105},[73,136877,206],{"class":114},[73,136879,6956],{"class":105},[73,136881,5997],{"class":83},[73,136883,88],{"class":87},[73,136885,8248],{"class":91},[73,136887,384],{"class":87},[73,136889,5982],{"class":105},[73,136891,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900,136902],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,136893,7659],{"class":101},[73,136895,106],{"class":105},[73,136897,384],{"class":87},[73,136899,136807],{"class":91},[73,136901,384],{"class":87},[73,136903,854],{"class":105},[292,136905,43588,136907,136910],{"id":136906},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136908,136909],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136912,136913,136914,136916],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136915,123467],{}," is enough.",[20,136918,136919,136920,136922,136923,817],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136921,136909],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136924,123467],{},[20,136926,136927,136928,121979],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136929,123467],{},[59,136931,136933,1011,136935],{"id":136932},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136934,123467],{},[15,136936,127615],{},[20,136938,136939,355,136941,136943],{},[15,136940,123467],{},[15,136942,127615],{}," are very similar.",[30,136945,136946,136951,136956,136959],{},[33,136947,136948,136950],{},[15,136949,123467],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,136952,136953,136955],{},[15,136954,127615],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,136957,136958],{},"Both return new strings",[33,136960,136961],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136963,714],{},[64,136965,136967],{"className":66,"code":136966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136968,136969,136981,136985,137001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136970,136971,136973,136975,136977,136979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136972,461],{"class":79},[73,136974,84],{"class":83},[73,136976,88],{"class":87},[73,136978,128456],{"class":91},[73,136980,95],{"class":87},[73,136982,136983],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,136984,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,136986,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997,136999],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,136988,102],{"class":101},[73,136990,106],{"class":105},[73,136992,482],{"class":114},[73,136994,817],{"class":105},[73,136996,206],{"class":114},[73,136998,135770],{"class":105},[73,137000,135668],{"class":3249},[73,137002,137003,137005,137007,137009,137011,137013,137015],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137004,102],{"class":101},[73,137006,106],{"class":105},[73,137008,482],{"class":114},[73,137010,817],{"class":105},[73,137012,224],{"class":114},[73,137014,135770],{"class":105},[73,137016,137017],{"class":3249},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137019,137020,137021,817],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[587,137022,125737,137024,10333],{"href":137023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137025,127615],{},[59,137027,1405],{"id":1404},[292,137029,12300,137031,124064],{"id":137030},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137032,123467],{},[20,137034,137035],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[292,137037,12300,137039,137041],{"id":137038},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137040,123467],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137043,137044,137045,817],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137046,137047],{},"string.lower()",[292,137049,1409,137051,12312],{"id":137050},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137052,123467],{},[20,137054,137055],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[292,137057,27925,137059,137061],{"id":137058},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137060,123467],{}," on user input?",[20,137063,137064,137065,137067],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137066,2549],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[292,137069,1419,137071,355,137073,1424],{"id":137070},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137072,123467],{},[15,137074,136909],{},[20,137076,137077,137079,137080,137082],{},[15,137078,123467],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137081,136909],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[59,137084,1461],{"id":1460},[30,137086,137087,137091,137097,137103,137109,137113,137117,137123],{},[33,137088,137089],{},[587,137090,50354],{"href":50353},[33,137092,137093],{},[587,137094,125737,137095,10333],{"href":137023},[15,137096,127615],{},[33,137098,137099],{},[587,137100,125737,137101,10333],{"href":136307},[15,137102,41027],{},[33,137104,137105],{},[587,137106,125737,137107,10333],{"href":129318},[15,137108,123908],{},[33,137110,137111],{},[587,137112,124136],{"href":122992},[33,137114,137115],{},[587,137116,90065],{"href":89074},[33,137118,137119],{},[587,137120,13,137121,1470],{"href":7810},[15,137122,2549],{},[33,137124,137125],{},[587,137126,137127],{"href":135708},"What is a string in Python?",[1500,137129,137130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":137132},[137133,137135,137136,137137,137138,137139,137140,137149,137151,137163],{"id":135678,"depth":98,"text":137134},"What lower() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":136127,"depth":98,"text":136128},{"id":15194,"depth":98,"text":15195},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":137141},[137142,137143,137144,137146,137147],{"id":25283,"depth":332,"text":25284},{"id":136562,"depth":332,"text":136563},{"id":136656,"depth":332,"text":137145},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136753,"depth":332,"text":136754},{"id":136906,"depth":332,"text":137148},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136932,"depth":98,"text":137150},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":137152},[137153,137155,137157,137159,137161],{"id":137030,"depth":332,"text":137154},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137038,"depth":332,"text":137156},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137050,"depth":332,"text":137158},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137058,"depth":332,"text":137160},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137070,"depth":332,"text":137162},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135595,"description":137164},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137171,"title":137172,"body":137173,"description":138723,"extension":1552,"meta":138724,"navigation":335,"path":138725,"seo":138726,"stem":138727,"__hash__":138728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137174,"toc":138684},[137175,137180,137185,137191,137206,137208,137268,137270,137279,137285,137290,137295,137297,137311,137315,137317,137364,137366,137384,137386,137389,137460,137462,137476,137479,137491,137500,137504,137509,137514,137518,137584,137586,137595,137599,137664,137666,137675,137678,137683,137687,137692,137696,137757,137759,137768,137772,137775,137831,137833,137842,137845,137858,137860,137864,137871,137933,137935,137948,137954,137957,137964,137969,137974,137977,137985,137987,138048,138050,138059,138062,138109,138112,138159,138161,138166,138183,138190,138195,138248,138250,138258,138260,138317,138319,138327,138331,138378,138380,138388,138396,138400,138448,138450,138459,138464,138515,138517,138526,138533,138536,138557,138559,138564,138567,138571,138574,138578,138581,138608,138614,138617,138644,138649,138651,138653,138681],[10,137176,122737,137178,10916],{"id":137177},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137179,123908],{},[20,137181,122742,137182,137184],{},[15,137183,123908],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137186,137187,137188,137190],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137189,123908],{},". You will learn:",[30,137192,137193,137197,137200,137203],{},[33,137194,25616,137195,239],{},[15,137196,123908],{},[33,137198,137199],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137201,137202],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137204,137205],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[59,137207,62],{"id":61},[64,137209,137211],{"className":66,"code":137210,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137212,137213,137226,137258],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137214,137215,137217,137219,137221,137224],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137216,461],{"class":79},[73,137218,84],{"class":83},[73,137220,88],{"class":87},[73,137222,137223],{"class":91},"I like cats",[73,137225,95],{"class":87},[73,137227,137228,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238,137240,137242,137245,137247,137249,137251,137254,137256],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137229,129576],{"class":79},[73,137231,84],{"class":83},[73,137233,42216],{"class":79},[73,137235,817],{"class":105},[73,137237,787],{"class":114},[73,137239,106],{"class":105},[73,137241,384],{"class":87},[73,137243,137244],{"class":91},"cats",[73,137246,384],{"class":87},[73,137248,149],{"class":105},[73,137250,88],{"class":87},[73,137252,137253],{"class":91},"dogs",[73,137255,384],{"class":87},[73,137257,854],{"class":105},[73,137259,137260,137262,137264,137266],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137261,102],{"class":101},[73,137263,106],{"class":105},[73,137265,129607],{"class":114},[73,137267,854],{"class":105},[20,137269,1660],{},[64,137271,137273],{"className":66,"code":137272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like dogs\n",[15,137274,137275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137276,137277],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137278,137272],{"class":79},[20,137280,121,137281,137284],{},[15,137282,137283],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[59,137286,236,137288,239],{"id":137287},"what-replace-does",[15,137289,123908],{},[20,137291,137292,137294],{},[15,137293,123908],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137296,12649],{},[30,137298,137299,137301,137303,137306],{},[33,137300,132985],{},[33,137302,135703],{},[33,137304,137305],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137307,137308,137309],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137310,40633],{},[20,137312,124489,137313,817],{},[587,137314,124492],{"href":50353},[59,137316,5018],{"id":5017},[64,137318,137320],{"className":66,"code":137319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137321,137322,137342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137323,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332,137335,137337,137340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137325,60555],{"class":79},[73,137327,817],{"class":105},[73,137329,787],{"class":114},[73,137331,106],{"class":105},[73,137333,137334],{"class":114},"old",[73,137336,149],{"class":105},[73,137338,137339],{"class":114}," new",[73,137341,854],{"class":105},[73,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137345,60555],{"class":79},[73,137347,817],{"class":105},[73,137349,787],{"class":114},[73,137351,106],{"class":105},[73,137353,137334],{"class":114},[73,137355,149],{"class":105},[73,137357,137339],{"class":114},[73,137359,149],{"class":105},[73,137361,48979],{"class":114},[73,137363,854],{"class":105},[292,137365,16993],{"id":16992},[30,137367,137368,137373,137379],{},[33,137369,137370,137372],{},[15,137371,137334],{}," = the text to find",[33,137374,137375,137378],{},[15,137376,137377],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137380,137381,137383],{},[15,137382,40633],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[59,137385,5374],{"id":5373},[20,137387,137388],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[64,137390,137392],{"className":66,"code":137391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137393,137394,137406,137436,137440,137450],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137397,461],{"class":79},[73,137399,84],{"class":83},[73,137401,88],{"class":87},[73,137403,137223],{"class":91},[73,137405,95],{"class":87},[73,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137409,129576],{"class":79},[73,137411,84],{"class":83},[73,137413,42216],{"class":79},[73,137415,817],{"class":105},[73,137417,787],{"class":114},[73,137419,106],{"class":105},[73,137421,384],{"class":87},[73,137423,137244],{"class":91},[73,137425,384],{"class":87},[73,137427,149],{"class":105},[73,137429,88],{"class":87},[73,137431,137253],{"class":91},[73,137433,384],{"class":87},[73,137435,854],{"class":105},[73,137437,137438],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137439,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137441,137442,137444,137446,137448],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137443,102],{"class":101},[73,137445,106],{"class":105},[73,137447,482],{"class":114},[73,137449,854],{"class":105},[73,137451,137452,137454,137456,137458],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,137453,102],{"class":101},[73,137455,106],{"class":105},[73,137457,129607],{"class":114},[73,137459,854],{"class":105},[20,137461,1660],{},[64,137463,137465],{"className":66,"code":137464,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137466,137467,137472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137468,137469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137470,137471],{"class":79},"I like cats\n",[73,137473,137474],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137475,137272],{"class":79},[20,137477,137478],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137480,137481,137486],{},[33,137482,137483,137485],{},[15,137484,482],{}," did not change",[33,137487,137488,137490],{},[15,137489,129607],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137492,137493,137494,137496,137497,137499],{},"This happens because strings are ",[55,137495,136372],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137498,123908],{}," return a new string instead.",[59,137501,137503],{"id":137502},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137505,89083,137506,137508],{},[15,137507,123908],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137510,137511,137512,35992],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137513,40633],{},[292,137515,137517],{"id":137516},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[64,137519,137521],{"className":66,"code":137520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137522,137523,137536,137570,137574],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137524,137525,137527,137529,137531,137534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137526,461],{"class":79},[73,137528,84],{"class":83},[73,137530,88],{"class":87},[73,137532,137533],{"class":91},"cat cat cat",[73,137535,95],{"class":87},[73,137537,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566,137568],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137539,1819],{"class":79},[73,137541,84],{"class":83},[73,137543,42216],{"class":79},[73,137545,817],{"class":105},[73,137547,787],{"class":114},[73,137549,106],{"class":105},[73,137551,384],{"class":87},[73,137553,36418],{"class":91},[73,137555,384],{"class":87},[73,137557,149],{"class":105},[73,137559,88],{"class":87},[73,137561,57507],{"class":91},[73,137563,384],{"class":87},[73,137565,149],{"class":105},[73,137567,5084],{"class":315},[73,137569,854],{"class":105},[73,137571,137572],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137573,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137575,137576,137578,137580,137582],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137577,102],{"class":101},[73,137579,106],{"class":105},[73,137581,1854],{"class":114},[73,137583,854],{"class":105},[20,137585,1660],{},[64,137587,137589],{"className":66,"code":137588,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137590,137591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137592,137593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137594,137588],{"class":79},[292,137596,137598],{"id":137597},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[64,137600,137602],{"className":66,"code":137601,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137603,137604,137616,137650,137654],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137605,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137607,461],{"class":79},[73,137609,84],{"class":83},[73,137611,88],{"class":87},[73,137613,137533],{"class":91},[73,137615,95],{"class":87},[73,137617,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644,137646,137648],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137619,1819],{"class":79},[73,137621,84],{"class":83},[73,137623,42216],{"class":79},[73,137625,817],{"class":105},[73,137627,787],{"class":114},[73,137629,106],{"class":105},[73,137631,384],{"class":87},[73,137633,36418],{"class":91},[73,137635,384],{"class":87},[73,137637,149],{"class":105},[73,137639,88],{"class":87},[73,137641,57507],{"class":91},[73,137643,384],{"class":87},[73,137645,149],{"class":105},[73,137647,409],{"class":315},[73,137649,854],{"class":105},[73,137651,137652],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137653,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137655,137656,137658,137660,137662],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137657,102],{"class":101},[73,137659,106],{"class":105},[73,137661,1854],{"class":114},[73,137663,854],{"class":105},[20,137665,1660],{},[64,137667,137669],{"className":66,"code":137668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137670,137671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137672,137673],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137674,137668],{"class":79},[20,137676,137677],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137679,137680,137681,817],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[587,137682,127461],{"href":123905},[59,137684,137686],{"id":137685},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137688,137689,137691],{},[15,137690,123908],{}," can also change single characters.",[292,137693,137695],{"id":137694},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[64,137697,137699],{"className":66,"code":137698,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137700,137701,137713,137743,137747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137702,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137704,461],{"class":79},[73,137706,84],{"class":83},[73,137708,88],{"class":87},[73,137710,3675],{"class":91},[73,137712,95],{"class":87},[73,137714,137715,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737,137739,137741],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137716,1819],{"class":79},[73,137718,84],{"class":83},[73,137720,42216],{"class":79},[73,137722,817],{"class":105},[73,137724,787],{"class":114},[73,137726,106],{"class":105},[73,137728,384],{"class":87},[73,137730,587],{"class":91},[73,137732,384],{"class":87},[73,137734,149],{"class":105},[73,137736,88],{"class":87},[73,137738,59854],{"class":91},[73,137740,384],{"class":87},[73,137742,854],{"class":105},[73,137744,137745],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137746,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137748,137749,137751,137753,137755],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137750,102],{"class":101},[73,137752,106],{"class":105},[73,137754,1854],{"class":114},[73,137756,854],{"class":105},[20,137758,1660],{},[64,137760,137762],{"className":66,"code":137761,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bonono\n",[15,137763,137764],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137765,137766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137767,137761],{"class":79},[292,137769,137771],{"id":137770},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137773,137774],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[64,137776,137778],{"className":66,"code":137777,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137779,137780,137793,137817,137821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137781,137782,137784,137786,137788,137791],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137783,461],{"class":79},[73,137785,84],{"class":83},[73,137787,88],{"class":87},[73,137789,137790],{"class":91},"a b c",[73,137792,95],{"class":87},[73,137794,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137796,1819],{"class":79},[73,137798,84],{"class":83},[73,137800,42216],{"class":79},[73,137802,817],{"class":105},[73,137804,787],{"class":114},[73,137806,106],{"class":105},[73,137808,384],{"class":87},[73,137810,88],{"class":87},[73,137812,149],{"class":105},[73,137814,5714],{"class":87},[73,137816,854],{"class":105},[73,137818,137819],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137820,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137822,137823,137825,137827,137829],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137824,102],{"class":101},[73,137826,106],{"class":105},[73,137828,1854],{"class":114},[73,137830,854],{"class":105},[20,137832,1660],{},[64,137834,137836],{"className":66,"code":137835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abc\n",[15,137837,137838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137839,137840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137841,137835],{"class":79},[20,137843,137844],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137846,137847,137848,137852,137853,137857],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[587,137849,125737,137850,10333],{"href":128424},[15,137851,59912],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[587,137854,125737,137855,10333],{"href":136307},[15,137856,41027],{}," is often a better choice.",[59,137859,123384],{"id":123383},[20,137861,137862,123195],{},[15,137863,123908],{},[20,137865,126782,137866,355,137868,126789],{},[15,137867,112421],{},[15,137869,137870],{},"\"Cat\"",[64,137872,137874],{"className":66,"code":137873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137875,137876,137889,137919,137923],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137877,137878,137880,137882,137884,137887],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137879,461],{"class":79},[73,137881,84],{"class":83},[73,137883,88],{"class":87},[73,137885,137886],{"class":91},"Cat cat CAT",[73,137888,95],{"class":87},[73,137890,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,137892,1819],{"class":79},[73,137894,84],{"class":83},[73,137896,42216],{"class":79},[73,137898,817],{"class":105},[73,137900,787],{"class":114},[73,137902,106],{"class":105},[73,137904,384],{"class":87},[73,137906,36418],{"class":91},[73,137908,384],{"class":87},[73,137910,149],{"class":105},[73,137912,88],{"class":87},[73,137914,57507],{"class":91},[73,137916,384],{"class":87},[73,137918,854],{"class":105},[73,137920,137921],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,137922,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,137924,137925,137927,137929,137931],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,137926,102],{"class":101},[73,137928,106],{"class":105},[73,137930,1854],{"class":114},[73,137932,854],{"class":105},[20,137934,1660],{},[64,137936,137938],{"className":66,"code":137937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137939,137940],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137941,137942,137945],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137943,137944],{"class":79},"Cat dog ",[73,137946,137947],{"class":198},"CAT\n",[20,137949,137950,137951,137953],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137952,112421],{}," was replaced.",[20,137955,137956],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137958,137959,137960,817],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[587,137961,125737,137962,10333],{"href":123464},[15,137963,123467],{},[59,137965,236,137967,11300],{"id":137966},"what-replace-returns",[15,137968,123908],{},[20,137970,137971,137973],{},[15,137972,123908],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137975,137976],{},"If no match is found:",[30,137978,137979,137982],{},[33,137980,137981],{},"no error happens",[33,137983,137984],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137986,714],{},[64,137988,137990],{"className":66,"code":137989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137991,137992,138004,138034,138038],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137993,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137995,461],{"class":79},[73,137997,84],{"class":83},[73,137999,88],{"class":87},[73,138001,92],{"class":91},[73,138003,95],{"class":87},[73,138005,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138007,1819],{"class":79},[73,138009,84],{"class":83},[73,138011,42216],{"class":79},[73,138013,817],{"class":105},[73,138015,787],{"class":114},[73,138017,106],{"class":105},[73,138019,384],{"class":87},[73,138021,354],{"class":91},[73,138023,384],{"class":87},[73,138025,149],{"class":105},[73,138027,88],{"class":87},[73,138029,11340],{"class":91},[73,138031,384],{"class":87},[73,138033,854],{"class":105},[73,138035,138036],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,138037,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,138039,138040,138042,138044,138046],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,138041,102],{"class":101},[73,138043,106],{"class":105},[73,138045,1854],{"class":114},[73,138047,854],{"class":105},[20,138049,1660],{},[64,138051,138053],{"className":66,"code":138052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello\n",[15,138054,138055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138056,138057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138058,138052],{"class":79},[20,138060,138061],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[64,138063,138065],{"className":66,"code":138064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138066,138067,138079],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138068,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138070,461],{"class":79},[73,138072,84],{"class":83},[73,138074,88],{"class":87},[73,138076,59787],{"class":91},[73,138078,95],{"class":87},[73,138080,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138082,129576],{"class":79},[73,138084,84],{"class":83},[73,138086,42216],{"class":79},[73,138088,817],{"class":105},[73,138090,787],{"class":114},[73,138092,106],{"class":105},[73,138094,384],{"class":87},[73,138096,59972],{"class":91},[73,138098,384],{"class":87},[73,138100,149],{"class":105},[73,138102,88],{"class":87},[73,138104,6887],{"class":91},[73,138106,384],{"class":87},[73,138108,854],{"class":105},[20,138110,138111],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[64,138113,138115],{"className":66,"code":138114,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138116,138117,138129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138118,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138120,461],{"class":79},[73,138122,84],{"class":83},[73,138124,88],{"class":87},[73,138126,59787],{"class":91},[73,138128,95],{"class":87},[73,138130,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138132,461],{"class":79},[73,138134,84],{"class":83},[73,138136,42216],{"class":79},[73,138138,817],{"class":105},[73,138140,787],{"class":114},[73,138142,106],{"class":105},[73,138144,384],{"class":87},[73,138146,59972],{"class":91},[73,138148,384],{"class":87},[73,138150,149],{"class":105},[73,138152,88],{"class":87},[73,138154,6887],{"class":91},[73,138156,384],{"class":87},[73,138158,854],{"class":105},[59,138160,4107],{"id":4106},[20,138162,138163,138164,2475],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138165,123908],{},[30,138167,138168,138171,138175,138178],{},[33,138169,138170],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138172,8044,138173,130957],{},[15,138174,123908],{},[33,138176,138177],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138179,36575,138180,138182],{},[15,138181,123908],{}," with regex-based replacements",[292,138184,138186,138187,138189],{"id":138185},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138188,123908],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138191,138192,138193,2475],{},"This does not update ",[15,138194,482],{},[64,138196,138198],{"className":66,"code":138197,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138199,138200,138212,138238],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138203,461],{"class":79},[73,138205,84],{"class":83},[73,138207,88],{"class":87},[73,138209,137223],{"class":91},[73,138211,95],{"class":87},[73,138213,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138215,482],{"class":79},[73,138217,817],{"class":105},[73,138219,787],{"class":114},[73,138221,106],{"class":105},[73,138223,384],{"class":87},[73,138225,137244],{"class":91},[73,138227,384],{"class":87},[73,138229,149],{"class":105},[73,138231,88],{"class":87},[73,138233,137253],{"class":91},[73,138235,384],{"class":87},[73,138237,854],{"class":105},[73,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,138241,102],{"class":101},[73,138243,106],{"class":105},[73,138245,482],{"class":114},[73,138247,854],{"class":105},[20,138249,1660],{},[64,138251,138252],{"className":66,"code":137471,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,138253,138254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138255,138256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138257,137471],{"class":79},[20,138259,10400],{},[64,138261,138263],{"className":66,"code":138262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138264,138265,138277,138307],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138266,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138268,461],{"class":79},[73,138270,84],{"class":83},[73,138272,88],{"class":87},[73,138274,137223],{"class":91},[73,138276,95],{"class":87},[73,138278,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138280,461],{"class":79},[73,138282,84],{"class":83},[73,138284,42216],{"class":79},[73,138286,817],{"class":105},[73,138288,787],{"class":114},[73,138290,106],{"class":105},[73,138292,384],{"class":87},[73,138294,137244],{"class":91},[73,138296,384],{"class":87},[73,138298,149],{"class":105},[73,138300,88],{"class":87},[73,138302,137253],{"class":91},[73,138304,384],{"class":87},[73,138306,854],{"class":105},[73,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,138310,102],{"class":101},[73,138312,106],{"class":105},[73,138314,482],{"class":114},[73,138316,854],{"class":105},[20,138318,1660],{},[64,138320,138321],{"className":66,"code":137272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,138322,138323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138324,138325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138326,137272],{"class":79},[292,138328,138330],{"id":138329},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[64,138332,138334],{"className":66,"code":138333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138335,138336,138348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138337,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138339,461],{"class":79},[73,138341,84],{"class":83},[73,138343,88],{"class":87},[73,138345,652],{"class":91},[73,138347,95],{"class":87},[73,138349,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138351,102],{"class":101},[73,138353,106],{"class":105},[73,138355,482],{"class":114},[73,138357,817],{"class":105},[73,138359,787],{"class":114},[73,138361,106],{"class":105},[73,138363,384],{"class":87},[73,138365,92],{"class":91},[73,138367,384],{"class":87},[73,138369,149],{"class":105},[73,138371,88],{"class":87},[73,138373,89318],{"class":91},[73,138375,384],{"class":87},[73,138377,118],{"class":105},[20,138379,1660],{},[64,138381,138382],{"className":66,"code":88331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,138383,138384],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138385,138386],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138387,88331],{"class":79},[20,138389,138390,138391,355,138393,138395],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138392,63916],{},[15,138394,89800],{}," are not the same.",[292,138397,138399],{"id":138398},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[64,138401,138403],{"className":66,"code":138402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138404,138405,138418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138406,138407,138409,138411,138413,138416],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138408,461],{"class":79},[73,138410,84],{"class":83},[73,138412,88],{"class":87},[73,138414,138415],{"class":91},"red red red",[73,138417,95],{"class":87},[73,138419,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138421,102],{"class":101},[73,138423,106],{"class":105},[73,138425,482],{"class":114},[73,138427,817],{"class":105},[73,138429,787],{"class":114},[73,138431,106],{"class":105},[73,138433,384],{"class":87},[73,138435,12690],{"class":91},[73,138437,384],{"class":87},[73,138439,149],{"class":105},[73,138441,88],{"class":87},[73,138443,12707],{"class":91},[73,138445,384],{"class":87},[73,138447,118],{"class":105},[20,138449,1660],{},[64,138451,138453],{"className":66,"code":138452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138454,138455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138456,138457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138458,138452],{"class":79},[20,138460,138461,138462,2475],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138463,40633],{},[64,138465,138467],{"className":66,"code":138466,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138468,138469,138481],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138470,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138472,461],{"class":79},[73,138474,84],{"class":83},[73,138476,88],{"class":87},[73,138478,138415],{"class":91},[73,138480,95],{"class":87},[73,138482,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138484,102],{"class":101},[73,138486,106],{"class":105},[73,138488,482],{"class":114},[73,138490,817],{"class":105},[73,138492,787],{"class":114},[73,138494,106],{"class":105},[73,138496,384],{"class":87},[73,138498,12690],{"class":91},[73,138500,384],{"class":87},[73,138502,149],{"class":105},[73,138504,88],{"class":87},[73,138506,12707],{"class":91},[73,138508,384],{"class":87},[73,138510,149],{"class":105},[73,138512,5084],{"class":315},[73,138514,118],{"class":105},[20,138516,1660],{},[64,138518,138520],{"className":66,"code":138519,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue red red\n",[15,138521,138522],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138523,138524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138525,138519],{"class":79},[292,138527,138529,138530,138532],{"id":138528},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138531,123908],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138534,138535],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138537,138538,138545,138552],{},[33,138539,121,138540,138544],{},[587,138541,138542],{"href":128424},[15,138543,59912],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138546,121,138547,138551],{},[587,138548,138549],{"href":136307},[15,138550,41027],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138553,121,138554,138556],{},[15,138555,123908],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[59,138558,1405],{"id":1404},[292,138560,12300,138562,124064],{"id":138561},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138563,123908],{},[20,138565,138566],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[292,138568,138570],{"id":138569},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138572,138573],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[292,138575,138577],{"id":138576},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138579,138580],{},"Use the third argument:",[64,138582,138584],{"className":66,"code":138583,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138585,138586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138587,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138589,482],{"class":79},[73,138591,817],{"class":105},[73,138593,787],{"class":114},[73,138595,106],{"class":105},[73,138597,137334],{"class":114},[73,138599,149],{"class":105},[73,138601,137339],{"class":114},[73,138603,149],{"class":105},[73,138605,5084],{"class":315},[73,138607,854],{"class":105},[292,138609,1446,138611,138613],{"id":138610},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138612,123908],{}," remove text?",[20,138615,138616],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[64,138618,138620],{"className":66,"code":138619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138621,138622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138625,482],{"class":79},[73,138627,817],{"class":105},[73,138629,787],{"class":114},[73,138631,106],{"class":105},[73,138633,384],{"class":87},[73,138635,354],{"class":91},[73,138637,384],{"class":87},[73,138639,149],{"class":105},[73,138641,5714],{"class":87},[73,138643,854],{"class":105},[292,138645,14501,138647,124073],{"id":138646},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138648,123908],{},[20,138650,129266],{},[59,138652,1461],{"id":1460},[30,138654,138655,138659,138665,138671,138677],{},[33,138656,138657],{},[587,138658,124143],{"href":123905},[33,138660,138661],{},[587,138662,125737,138663,10333],{"href":128424},[15,138664,59912],{},[33,138666,138667],{},[587,138668,125737,138669,10333],{"href":136307},[15,138670,41027],{},[33,138672,138673],{},[587,138674,125737,138675,10333],{"href":123464},[15,138676,123467],{},[33,138678,138679],{},[587,138680,124492],{"href":50353},[1500,138682,138683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":138685},[138686,138687,138689,138692,138693,138697,138701,138702,138704,138712,138722],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":137287,"depth":98,"text":138688},"What replace() does",{"id":5017,"depth":98,"text":5018,"children":138690},[138691],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":5373,"depth":98,"text":5374},{"id":137502,"depth":98,"text":137503,"children":138694},[138695,138696],{"id":137516,"depth":332,"text":137517},{"id":137597,"depth":332,"text":137598},{"id":137685,"depth":98,"text":137686,"children":138698},[138699,138700],{"id":137694,"depth":332,"text":137695},{"id":137770,"depth":332,"text":137771},{"id":123383,"depth":98,"text":123384},{"id":137966,"depth":98,"text":138703},"What replace() returns",{"id":4106,"depth":98,"text":4107,"children":138705},[138706,138708,138709,138710],{"id":138185,"depth":332,"text":138707},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138329,"depth":332,"text":138330},{"id":138398,"depth":332,"text":138399},{"id":138528,"depth":332,"text":138711},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":138713},[138714,138716,138717,138718,138720],{"id":138561,"depth":332,"text":138715},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138569,"depth":332,"text":138570},{"id":138576,"depth":332,"text":138577},{"id":138610,"depth":332,"text":138719},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138646,"depth":332,"text":138721},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137172,"description":138723},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138730,"title":138731,"body":138732,"description":140751,"extension":1552,"meta":140752,"navigation":335,"path":140753,"seo":140754,"stem":140755,"__hash__":140756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138733,"toc":140715},[138734,138739,138744,138747,138758,138760,138815,138820,138825,138832,138834,138849,138851,138907,138909,138947,138952,138954,138978,138981,138994,138999,139001,139033,139035,139068,139074,139079,139082,139092,139095,139097,139153,139155,139205,139208,139216,139219,139275,139277,139350,139363,139371,139375,139386,139389,139392,139445,139447,139479,139482,139536,139538,139573,139576,139581,139586,139591,139594,139596,139654,139656,139690,139692,139707,139710,139712,139754,139756,139782,139787,139795,139798,139800,139882,139884,139935,139938,139949,139957,139959,140032,140034,140052,140056,140059,140063,140090,140092,140100,140104,140139,140141,140154,140158,140161,140200,140202,140219,140224,140229,140240,140243,140254,140256,140258,140284,140287,140336,140338,140355,140358,140360,140412,140414,140446,140449,140507,140512,140514,140519,140622,140624,140638,140640,140647,140652,140657,140662,140667,140672,140675,140679,140684,140686,140712],[10,138735,122737,138737,10916],{"id":138736},"python-string-split-method",[15,138738,59912],{},[20,138740,122742,138741,138743],{},[15,138742,59912],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138745,138746],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,138748,138749,138752,138755],{},[33,138750,138751],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,138753,138754],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,138756,138757],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[59,138759,62],{"id":61},[64,138761,138763],{"className":66,"code":138762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138764,138765,138778,138800,138810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138766,138767,138769,138771,138773,138776],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138768,461],{"class":79},[73,138770,84],{"class":83},[73,138772,88],{"class":87},[73,138774,138775],{"class":91},"apple,banana,cherry",[73,138777,95],{"class":87},[73,138779,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138781,42211],{"class":79},[73,138783,84],{"class":83},[73,138785,42216],{"class":79},[73,138787,817],{"class":105},[73,138789,215],{"class":114},[73,138791,106],{"class":105},[73,138793,384],{"class":87},[73,138795,149],{"class":91},[73,138797,384],{"class":87},[73,138799,854],{"class":105},[73,138801,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,138803,102],{"class":101},[73,138805,106],{"class":105},[73,138807,42243],{"class":114},[73,138809,854],{"class":105},[73,138811,138812],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,138813,138814],{"class":3249},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138816,121,138817,138819],{},[15,138818,59912],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[59,138821,236,138823,239],{"id":138822},"what-split-does",[15,138824,59912],{},[20,138826,138827,131785,138829,817],{},[15,138828,59912],{},[55,138830,138831],{},"string method",[20,138833,48304],{},[30,138835,138836,138839,138844],{},[33,138837,138838],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,138840,119039,138841],{},[55,138842,138843],{},"new list of strings",[33,138845,119045,138846,138848],{},[55,138847,806],{}," change the original string",[20,138850,714],{},[64,138852,138854],{"className":66,"code":138853,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138855,138856,138869,138883,138887,138897],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138857,138858,138860,138862,138864,138867],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138859,461],{"class":79},[73,138861,84],{"class":83},[73,138863,88],{"class":87},[73,138865,138866],{"class":91},"red blue green",[73,138868,95],{"class":87},[73,138870,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138872,42211],{"class":79},[73,138874,84],{"class":83},[73,138876,42216],{"class":79},[73,138878,817],{"class":105},[73,138880,215],{"class":114},[73,138882,8233],{"class":105},[73,138884,138885],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,138886,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,138888,138889,138891,138893,138895],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,138890,102],{"class":101},[73,138892,106],{"class":105},[73,138894,482],{"class":114},[73,138896,854],{"class":105},[73,138898,138899,138901,138903,138905],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,138900,102],{"class":101},[73,138902,106],{"class":105},[73,138904,42243],{"class":114},[73,138906,854],{"class":105},[20,138908,1660],{},[64,138910,138912],{"className":66,"code":138911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138913,138914,138919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138915,138916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138917,138918],{"class":79},"red blue green\n",[73,138920,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,138922,138],{"class":105},[73,138924,141],{"class":87},[73,138926,12690],{"class":91},[73,138928,141],{"class":87},[73,138930,149],{"class":105},[73,138932,152],{"class":87},[73,138934,12707],{"class":91},[73,138936,141],{"class":87},[73,138938,149],{"class":105},[73,138940,152],{"class":87},[73,138942,17054],{"class":91},[73,138944,141],{"class":87},[73,138946,229],{"class":105},[20,138948,138949,138950,817],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[587,138951,124492],{"href":50353},[59,138953,285],{"id":284},[64,138955,138957],{"className":66,"code":138956,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138958,138959],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138960,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138976],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138962,60555],{"class":79},[73,138964,817],{"class":105},[73,138966,215],{"class":114},[73,138968,106],{"class":105},[73,138970,133141],{"class":114},[73,138972,149],{"class":105},[73,138974,138975],{"class":114}," maxsplit",[73,138977,854],{"class":105},[20,138979,138980],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,138982,138983,138988],{},[33,138984,138985,138987],{},[15,138986,133141],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,138989,138990,138993],{},[15,138991,138992],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138995,8466,138996,138998],{},[15,138997,133141],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139000,714],{},[64,139002,139004],{"className":66,"code":139003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139005,139006,139019],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139007,139008,139010,139012,139014,139017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139009,461],{"class":79},[73,139011,84],{"class":83},[73,139013,88],{"class":87},[73,139015,139016],{"class":91},"one two three",[73,139018,95],{"class":87},[73,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139022,102],{"class":101},[73,139024,106],{"class":105},[73,139026,482],{"class":114},[73,139028,817],{"class":105},[73,139030,215],{"class":114},[73,139032,348],{"class":105},[20,139034,1660],{},[64,139036,139038],{"className":66,"code":139037,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139039,139040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139041,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139043,138],{"class":105},[73,139045,141],{"class":87},[73,139047,6175],{"class":91},[73,139049,141],{"class":87},[73,139051,149],{"class":105},[73,139053,152],{"class":87},[73,139055,78653],{"class":91},[73,139057,141],{"class":87},[73,139059,149],{"class":105},[73,139061,152],{"class":87},[73,139063,133623],{"class":91},[73,139065,141],{"class":87},[73,139067,229],{"class":105},[59,139069,438,139071,139073],{"id":139070},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139072,59912],{}," with no separator",[20,139075,69556,139076,139078],{},[15,139077,59912],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139080,139081],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139083,139084,139086,139089],{},[33,139085,10044],{},[33,139087,139088],{},"tabs",[33,139090,139091],{},"new lines",[20,139093,139094],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139096,714],{},[64,139098,139100],{"className":66,"code":139099,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139101,139102,139125,139139,139143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139103,139104,139106,139108,139110,139113,139116,139118,139120,139123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139105,461],{"class":79},[73,139107,84],{"class":83},[73,139109,88],{"class":87},[73,139111,139112],{"class":91},"Python   is",[73,139114,139115],{"class":198},"\\t",[73,139117,132877],{"class":91},[73,139119,86535],{"class":198},[73,139121,139122],{"class":91},"and useful",[73,139124,95],{"class":87},[73,139126,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139128,42211],{"class":79},[73,139130,84],{"class":83},[73,139132,42216],{"class":79},[73,139134,817],{"class":105},[73,139136,215],{"class":114},[73,139138,8233],{"class":105},[73,139140,139141],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139142,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139146,102],{"class":101},[73,139148,106],{"class":105},[73,139150,42243],{"class":114},[73,139152,854],{"class":105},[20,139154,1660],{},[64,139156,139158],{"className":66,"code":139157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139159,139160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139161,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139201,139203],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139163,138],{"class":105},[73,139165,141],{"class":87},[73,139167,6887],{"class":91},[73,139169,141],{"class":87},[73,139171,149],{"class":105},[73,139173,152],{"class":87},[73,139175,11789],{"class":91},[73,139177,141],{"class":87},[73,139179,149],{"class":105},[73,139181,152],{"class":87},[73,139183,132877],{"class":91},[73,139185,141],{"class":87},[73,139187,149],{"class":105},[73,139189,152],{"class":87},[73,139191,129502],{"class":91},[73,139193,141],{"class":87},[73,139195,149],{"class":105},[73,139197,152],{"class":87},[73,139199,139200],{"class":91},"useful",[73,139202,141],{"class":87},[73,139204,229],{"class":105},[20,139206,139207],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[292,139209,139211,1011,139213],{"id":139210},"split-vs-split",[15,139212,59912],{},[15,139214,139215],{},"split(' ')",[20,139217,139218],{},"These are not the same.",[64,139220,139222],{"className":66,"code":139221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139223,139224,139237,139241,139255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139225,139226,139228,139230,139232,139235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139227,461],{"class":79},[73,139229,84],{"class":83},[73,139231,88],{"class":87},[73,139233,139234],{"class":91},"a  b   c",[73,139236,95],{"class":87},[73,139238,139239],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139240,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139242,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139244,102],{"class":101},[73,139246,106],{"class":105},[73,139248,482],{"class":114},[73,139250,817],{"class":105},[73,139252,215],{"class":114},[73,139254,348],{"class":105},[73,139256,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139258,102],{"class":101},[73,139260,106],{"class":105},[73,139262,482],{"class":114},[73,139264,817],{"class":105},[73,139266,215],{"class":114},[73,139268,106],{"class":105},[73,139270,384],{"class":87},[73,139272,88],{"class":87},[73,139274,118],{"class":105},[20,139276,1660],{},[64,139278,139280],{"className":66,"code":139279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139281,139282,139310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139283,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139285,138],{"class":105},[73,139287,141],{"class":87},[73,139289,587],{"class":91},[73,139291,141],{"class":87},[73,139293,149],{"class":105},[73,139295,152],{"class":87},[73,139297,4350],{"class":91},[73,139299,141],{"class":87},[73,139301,149],{"class":105},[73,139303,152],{"class":87},[73,139305,9332],{"class":91},[73,139307,141],{"class":87},[73,139309,229],{"class":105},[73,139311,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139313,138],{"class":105},[73,139315,141],{"class":87},[73,139317,587],{"class":91},[73,139319,141],{"class":87},[73,139321,149],{"class":105},[73,139323,3425],{"class":87},[73,139325,149],{"class":105},[73,139327,152],{"class":87},[73,139329,4350],{"class":91},[73,139331,141],{"class":87},[73,139333,149],{"class":105},[73,139335,3425],{"class":87},[73,139337,149],{"class":105},[73,139339,3425],{"class":87},[73,139341,149],{"class":105},[73,139343,152],{"class":87},[73,139345,9332],{"class":91},[73,139347,141],{"class":87},[73,139349,229],{"class":105},[30,139351,139352,139357],{},[33,139353,139354,139356],{},[15,139355,59912],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139358,139359,139362],{},[15,139360,139361],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139364,139365,139366,139370],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[587,139367,125737,139368,10333],{"href":136307},[15,139369,41027],{}," is often useful.",[59,139372,139374],{"id":139373},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139376,139377,139378,995,139381,1782,139383,817],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139379,139380],{},"\",\"",[15,139382,132976],{},[15,139384,139385],{},"\"::\"",[20,139387,139388],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139390,139391],{},"Example with commas:",[64,139393,139395],{"className":66,"code":139394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139396,139397,139409,139431,139435],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139400,461],{"class":79},[73,139402,84],{"class":83},[73,139404,88],{"class":87},[73,139406,138775],{"class":91},[73,139408,95],{"class":87},[73,139410,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139412,42211],{"class":79},[73,139414,84],{"class":83},[73,139416,42216],{"class":79},[73,139418,817],{"class":105},[73,139420,215],{"class":114},[73,139422,106],{"class":105},[73,139424,384],{"class":87},[73,139426,149],{"class":91},[73,139428,384],{"class":87},[73,139430,854],{"class":105},[73,139432,139433],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139434,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139436,139437,139439,139441,139443],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139438,102],{"class":101},[73,139440,106],{"class":105},[73,139442,42243],{"class":114},[73,139444,854],{"class":105},[20,139446,1660],{},[64,139448,139449],{"className":66,"code":77832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,139450,139451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139452,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139454,138],{"class":105},[73,139456,141],{"class":87},[73,139458,3666],{"class":91},[73,139460,141],{"class":87},[73,139462,149],{"class":105},[73,139464,152],{"class":87},[73,139466,3675],{"class":91},[73,139468,141],{"class":87},[73,139470,149],{"class":105},[73,139472,152],{"class":87},[73,139474,3684],{"class":91},[73,139476,141],{"class":87},[73,139478,229],{"class":105},[20,139480,139481],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[64,139483,139485],{"className":66,"code":139484,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139486,139487,139500,139522,139526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139488,139489,139491,139493,139495,139498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139490,461],{"class":79},[73,139492,84],{"class":83},[73,139494,88],{"class":87},[73,139496,139497],{"class":91},"2024::10::31",[73,139499,95],{"class":87},[73,139501,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139503,42211],{"class":79},[73,139505,84],{"class":83},[73,139507,42216],{"class":79},[73,139509,817],{"class":105},[73,139511,215],{"class":114},[73,139513,106],{"class":105},[73,139515,384],{"class":87},[73,139517,76049],{"class":91},[73,139519,384],{"class":87},[73,139521,854],{"class":105},[73,139523,139524],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139525,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139527,139528,139530,139532,139534],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139529,102],{"class":101},[73,139531,106],{"class":105},[73,139533,42243],{"class":114},[73,139535,854],{"class":105},[20,139537,1660],{},[64,139539,139541],{"className":66,"code":139540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139542,139543],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139544,139545,139547,139549,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139569,139571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139546,138],{"class":105},[73,139548,141],{"class":87},[73,139550,139551],{"class":91},"2024",[73,139553,141],{"class":87},[73,139555,149],{"class":105},[73,139557,152],{"class":87},[73,139559,1920],{"class":91},[73,139561,141],{"class":87},[73,139563,149],{"class":105},[73,139565,152],{"class":87},[73,139567,139568],{"class":91},"31",[73,139570,141],{"class":87},[73,139572,229],{"class":105},[20,139574,139575],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139577,139578,139579,817],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[587,139580,128421],{"href":128420},[59,139582,438,139584],{"id":139583},"using-maxsplit",[15,139585,138992],{},[20,139587,139588,139590],{},[15,139589,138992],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139592,139593],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139595,714],{},[64,139597,139599],{"className":66,"code":139598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139600,139601,139614,139640,139644],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139602,139603,139605,139607,139609,139612],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139604,461],{"class":79},[73,139606,84],{"class":83},[73,139608,88],{"class":87},[73,139610,139611],{"class":91},"name:age:city:country",[73,139613,95],{"class":87},[73,139615,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139617,42211],{"class":79},[73,139619,84],{"class":83},[73,139621,42216],{"class":79},[73,139623,817],{"class":105},[73,139625,215],{"class":114},[73,139627,106],{"class":105},[73,139629,384],{"class":87},[73,139631,2475],{"class":91},[73,139633,384],{"class":87},[73,139635,149],{"class":105},[73,139637,409],{"class":315},[73,139639,854],{"class":105},[73,139641,139642],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139643,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139645,139646,139648,139650,139652],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139647,102],{"class":101},[73,139649,106],{"class":105},[73,139651,42243],{"class":114},[73,139653,854],{"class":105},[20,139655,1660],{},[64,139657,139659],{"className":66,"code":139658,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139660,139661],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139662,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139686,139688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139664,138],{"class":105},[73,139666,141],{"class":87},[73,139668,115],{"class":91},[73,139670,141],{"class":87},[73,139672,149],{"class":105},[73,139674,152],{"class":87},[73,139676,8891],{"class":91},[73,139678,141],{"class":87},[73,139680,149],{"class":105},[73,139682,152],{"class":87},[73,139684,139685],{"class":91},"city:country",[73,139687,141],{"class":87},[73,139689,229],{"class":105},[20,139691,1768],{},[30,139693,139694,139699,139704],{},[33,139695,139696,139697],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139698,2475],{},[33,139700,139701,139702],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139703,2475],{},[33,139705,139706],{},"then stops",[20,139708,139709],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139711,51458],{},[64,139713,139715],{"className":66,"code":139714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139716,139717,139730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139718,139719,139721,139723,139725,139728],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139720,461],{"class":79},[73,139722,84],{"class":83},[73,139724,88],{"class":87},[73,139726,139727],{"class":91},"apple banana cherry grape",[73,139729,95],{"class":87},[73,139731,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139733,102],{"class":101},[73,139735,106],{"class":105},[73,139737,482],{"class":114},[73,139739,817],{"class":105},[73,139741,215],{"class":114},[73,139743,106],{"class":105},[73,139745,384],{"class":87},[73,139747,88],{"class":87},[73,139749,149],{"class":105},[73,139751,5084],{"class":315},[73,139753,118],{"class":105},[20,139755,1660],{},[64,139757,139759],{"className":66,"code":139758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139760,139761],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139762,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139778,139780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139764,138],{"class":105},[73,139766,141],{"class":87},[73,139768,3666],{"class":91},[73,139770,141],{"class":87},[73,139772,149],{"class":105},[73,139774,152],{"class":87},[73,139776,139777],{"class":91},"banana cherry grape",[73,139779,141],{"class":87},[73,139781,229],{"class":105},[59,139783,236,139785,11300],{"id":139784},"what-split-returns",[15,139786,59912],{},[20,139788,139789,139790,139792,139793,817],{},"The result of ",[15,139791,59912],{}," is always a ",[55,139794,7684],{},[20,139796,139797],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139799,714],{},[64,139801,139803],{"className":66,"code":139802,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139804,139805,139818,139840,139844,139854,139868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139806,139807,139809,139811,139813,139816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139808,461],{"class":79},[73,139810,84],{"class":83},[73,139812,88],{"class":87},[73,139814,139815],{"class":91},"cat,dog,bird",[73,139817,95],{"class":87},[73,139819,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139821,42211],{"class":79},[73,139823,84],{"class":83},[73,139825,42216],{"class":79},[73,139827,817],{"class":105},[73,139829,215],{"class":114},[73,139831,106],{"class":105},[73,139833,384],{"class":87},[73,139835,149],{"class":91},[73,139837,384],{"class":87},[73,139839,854],{"class":105},[73,139841,139842],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139843,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,139847,102],{"class":101},[73,139849,106],{"class":105},[73,139851,42243],{"class":114},[73,139853,854],{"class":105},[73,139855,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,139857,102],{"class":101},[73,139859,106],{"class":105},[73,139861,1271],{"class":1270},[73,139863,106],{"class":105},[73,139865,42243],{"class":114},[73,139867,118],{"class":105},[73,139869,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,139871,102],{"class":101},[73,139873,106],{"class":105},[73,139875,42243],{"class":114},[73,139877,138],{"class":105},[73,139879,1710],{"class":315},[73,139881,3475],{"class":105},[20,139883,1660],{},[64,139885,139887],{"className":66,"code":139886,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139888,139889,139917,139931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139890,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139892,138],{"class":105},[73,139894,141],{"class":87},[73,139896,36418],{"class":91},[73,139898,141],{"class":87},[73,139900,149],{"class":105},[73,139902,152],{"class":87},[73,139904,57507],{"class":91},[73,139906,141],{"class":87},[73,139908,149],{"class":105},[73,139910,152],{"class":87},[73,139912,57524],{"class":91},[73,139914,141],{"class":87},[73,139916,229],{"class":105},[73,139918,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139920,2879],{"class":83},[73,139922,2882],{"class":633},[73,139924,152],{"class":87},[73,139926,7684],{"class":91},[73,139928,141],{"class":87},[73,139930,2891],{"class":83},[73,139932,139933],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,139934,84851],{"class":79},[20,139936,139937],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,139939,139940,139943,139946],{},[33,139941,139942],{},"loop over it",[33,139944,139945],{},"access items by index",[33,139947,139948],{},"combine items again later",[20,139950,139951,139952,817],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[587,139953,125737,139955,10333],{"href":139954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139956,132819],{},[20,139958,714],{},[64,139960,139962],{"className":66,"code":139961,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139963,139964,139996,140018,140022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139965,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139967,42211],{"class":79},[73,139969,84],{"class":83},[73,139971,528],{"class":105},[73,139973,141],{"class":87},[73,139975,36418],{"class":91},[73,139977,141],{"class":87},[73,139979,149],{"class":105},[73,139981,152],{"class":87},[73,139983,57507],{"class":91},[73,139985,141],{"class":87},[73,139987,149],{"class":105},[73,139989,152],{"class":87},[73,139991,57524],{"class":91},[73,139993,141],{"class":87},[73,139995,229],{"class":105},[73,139997,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,139999,461],{"class":79},[73,140001,84],{"class":83},[73,140003,88],{"class":87},[73,140005,1611],{"class":91},[73,140007,384],{"class":87},[73,140009,817],{"class":105},[73,140011,132896],{"class":114},[73,140013,106],{"class":105},[73,140015,42243],{"class":114},[73,140017,854],{"class":105},[73,140019,140020],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140021,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140025,102],{"class":101},[73,140027,106],{"class":105},[73,140029,482],{"class":114},[73,140031,854],{"class":105},[20,140033,1660],{},[64,140035,140037],{"className":66,"code":140036,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140038,140039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140040,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140042,36418],{"class":79},[73,140044,1611],{"class":83},[73,140046,57507],{"class":79},[73,140048,1611],{"class":83},[73,140050,140051],{"class":79},"bird\n",[59,140053,140055],{"id":140054},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140057,140058],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[292,140060,140062],{"id":140061},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[64,140064,140066],{"className":66,"code":140065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140067,140068,140076],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140069,140070,140072,140074],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140071,461],{"class":79},[73,140073,84],{"class":83},[73,140075,7471],{"class":87},[73,140077,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140079,102],{"class":101},[73,140081,106],{"class":105},[73,140083,482],{"class":114},[73,140085,817],{"class":105},[73,140087,215],{"class":114},[73,140089,348],{"class":105},[20,140091,1660],{},[64,140093,140094],{"className":66,"code":37669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,140095,140096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140097,140098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140099,37669],{"class":105},[292,140101,140103],{"id":140102},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[64,140105,140107],{"className":66,"code":140106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140108,140109,140117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140110,140111,140113,140115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140112,461],{"class":79},[73,140114,84],{"class":83},[73,140116,7471],{"class":87},[73,140118,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140120,102],{"class":101},[73,140122,106],{"class":105},[73,140124,482],{"class":114},[73,140126,817],{"class":105},[73,140128,215],{"class":114},[73,140130,106],{"class":105},[73,140132,384],{"class":87},[73,140134,149],{"class":91},[73,140136,384],{"class":87},[73,140138,118],{"class":105},[20,140140,1660],{},[64,140142,140144],{"className":66,"code":140143,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['']\n",[15,140145,140146],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140147,140148,140150,140152],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140149,138],{"class":105},[73,140151,3359],{"class":87},[73,140153,229],{"class":105},[292,140155,140157],{"id":140156},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140159,140160],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[64,140162,140164],{"className":66,"code":140163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140165,140166,140178],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140169,461],{"class":79},[73,140171,84],{"class":83},[73,140173,88],{"class":87},[73,140175,92],{"class":91},[73,140177,95],{"class":87},[73,140179,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140181,102],{"class":101},[73,140183,106],{"class":105},[73,140185,482],{"class":114},[73,140187,817],{"class":105},[73,140189,215],{"class":114},[73,140191,106],{"class":105},[73,140193,384],{"class":87},[73,140195,149],{"class":91},[73,140197,384],{"class":87},[73,140199,118],{"class":105},[20,140201,1660],{},[64,140203,140205],{"className":66,"code":140204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['hello']\n",[15,140206,140207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140208,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140210,138],{"class":105},[73,140212,141],{"class":87},[73,140214,92],{"class":91},[73,140216,141],{"class":87},[73,140218,229],{"class":105},[59,140220,4551,140222],{"id":140221},"when-to-use-split",[15,140223,59912],{},[20,140225,121,140226,140228],{},[15,140227,59912],{}," when you need to:",[30,140230,140231,140234,140237],{},[33,140232,140233],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140235,140236],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140238,140239],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140241,140242],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140244,140245,140248,140251],{},[33,140246,140247],{},"cleaning text",[33,140249,140250],{},"parsing user input",[33,140252,140253],{},"processing simple file content",[59,140255,1207],{"id":1206},[20,140257,83622],{},[30,140259,140260,140264,140270,140273,140281],{},[33,140261,49883,140262,130957],{},[15,140263,59912],{},[33,140265,140266,140267,140269],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140268,59912],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140271,140272],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140274,140275,140276,140278,140279],{},"assuming ",[15,140277,139215],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140280,59912],{},[33,140282,140283],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140285,140286],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[64,140288,140290],{"className":66,"code":140289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140291,140292,140304,140322,140326],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140293,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140295,461],{"class":79},[73,140297,84],{"class":83},[73,140299,88],{"class":87},[73,140301,42204],{"class":91},[73,140303,95],{"class":87},[73,140305,140306,140308,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140307,482],{"class":79},[73,140309,817],{"class":105},[73,140311,215],{"class":114},[73,140313,106],{"class":105},[73,140315,384],{"class":87},[73,140317,149],{"class":91},[73,140319,384],{"class":87},[73,140321,854],{"class":105},[73,140323,140324],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140325,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140329,102],{"class":101},[73,140331,106],{"class":105},[73,140333,482],{"class":114},[73,140335,854],{"class":105},[20,140337,1660],{},[64,140339,140341],{"className":66,"code":140340,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a,b,c\n",[15,140342,140343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140346,587],{"class":79},[73,140348,149],{"class":105},[73,140350,4350],{"class":79},[73,140352,149],{"class":105},[73,140354,68628],{"class":79},[20,140356,140357],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140359,10400],{},[64,140361,140362],{"className":66,"code":42191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,140363,140364,140376,140398,140402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140365,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140367,461],{"class":79},[73,140369,84],{"class":83},[73,140371,88],{"class":87},[73,140373,42204],{"class":91},[73,140375,95],{"class":87},[73,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140379,42211],{"class":79},[73,140381,84],{"class":83},[73,140383,42216],{"class":79},[73,140385,817],{"class":105},[73,140387,215],{"class":114},[73,140389,106],{"class":105},[73,140391,384],{"class":87},[73,140393,149],{"class":91},[73,140395,384],{"class":87},[73,140397,854],{"class":105},[73,140399,140400],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140401,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140403,140404,140406,140408,140410],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140405,102],{"class":101},[73,140407,106],{"class":105},[73,140409,42243],{"class":114},[73,140411,854],{"class":105},[20,140413,1660],{},[64,140415,140416],{"className":66,"code":42250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,140417,140418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140419,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140421,138],{"class":105},[73,140423,141],{"class":87},[73,140425,587],{"class":91},[73,140427,141],{"class":87},[73,140429,149],{"class":105},[73,140431,152],{"class":87},[73,140433,4350],{"class":91},[73,140435,141],{"class":87},[73,140437,149],{"class":105},[73,140439,152],{"class":87},[73,140441,9332],{"class":91},[73,140443,141],{"class":87},[73,140445,229],{"class":105},[20,140447,140448],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[64,140450,140452],{"className":66,"code":140451,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140453,140454,140467,140489,140493],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140457,461],{"class":79},[73,140459,84],{"class":83},[73,140461,88],{"class":87},[73,140463,140464],{"class":91},"apple,banana",[73,140466,95],{"class":87},[73,140468,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140470,42211],{"class":79},[73,140472,84],{"class":83},[73,140474,42216],{"class":79},[73,140476,817],{"class":105},[73,140478,215],{"class":114},[73,140480,106],{"class":105},[73,140482,384],{"class":87},[73,140484,149],{"class":91},[73,140486,384],{"class":87},[73,140488,854],{"class":105},[73,140490,140491],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140492,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140494,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140496,102],{"class":101},[73,140498,106],{"class":105},[73,140500,42243],{"class":114},[73,140502,138],{"class":105},[73,140504,1646],{"class":315},[73,140506,3475],{"class":105},[20,140508,140509,140510,817],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[587,140511,68641],{"href":68640},[292,140513,60091],{"id":60090},[20,140515,8466,140516,140518],{},[15,140517,59912],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[64,140520,140522],{"className":66,"code":140521,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140523,140524,140534,140548,140570,140596],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140525,140526,140528,140530,140532],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140527,102],{"class":101},[73,140529,106],{"class":105},[73,140531,482],{"class":114},[73,140533,854],{"class":105},[73,140535,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140537,102],{"class":101},[73,140539,106],{"class":105},[73,140541,482],{"class":114},[73,140543,817],{"class":105},[73,140545,215],{"class":114},[73,140547,348],{"class":105},[73,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140551,102],{"class":101},[73,140553,106],{"class":105},[73,140555,482],{"class":114},[73,140557,817],{"class":105},[73,140559,215],{"class":114},[73,140561,106],{"class":105},[73,140563,141],{"class":87},[73,140565,149],{"class":91},[73,140567,141],{"class":87},[73,140569,118],{"class":105},[73,140571,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140573,102],{"class":101},[73,140575,106],{"class":105},[73,140577,10755],{"class":101},[73,140579,106],{"class":105},[73,140581,482],{"class":114},[73,140583,817],{"class":105},[73,140585,215],{"class":114},[73,140587,106],{"class":105},[73,140589,141],{"class":87},[73,140591,149],{"class":91},[73,140593,141],{"class":87},[73,140595,2503],{"class":105},[73,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,140599,102],{"class":101},[73,140601,106],{"class":105},[73,140603,1271],{"class":1270},[73,140605,106],{"class":105},[73,140607,482],{"class":114},[73,140609,817],{"class":105},[73,140611,215],{"class":114},[73,140613,106],{"class":105},[73,140615,141],{"class":87},[73,140617,149],{"class":91},[73,140619,141],{"class":87},[73,140621,2503],{"class":105},[20,140623,10764],{},[30,140625,140626,140629,140632,140635],{},[33,140627,140628],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140630,140631],{},"which separator works",[33,140633,140634],{},"how many items were created",[33,140636,140637],{},"that the result is a list",[59,140639,1405],{"id":1404},[292,140641,1419,140643,355,140645,1424],{"id":140642},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140644,59912],{},[15,140646,139215],{},[20,140648,140649,140651],{},[15,140650,59912],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140653,140654,140656],{},[15,140655,139215],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[292,140658,12300,140660,124064],{"id":140659},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140661,59912],{},[20,140663,140664,140665,55858],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140666,59912],{},[292,140668,1409,140670,39333],{"id":140669},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140671,138992],{},[20,140673,140674],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[292,140676,140678],{"id":140677},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140680,28658,140681,140683],{},[15,140682,59912],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[59,140685,1461],{"id":1460},[30,140687,140688,140692,140698,140704,140708],{},[33,140689,140690],{},[587,140691,129342],{"href":128420},[33,140693,140694],{},[587,140695,125737,140696,10333],{"href":139954},[15,140697,132819],{},[33,140699,140700],{},[587,140701,125737,140702,10333],{"href":136307},[15,140703,41027],{},[33,140705,140706],{},[587,140707,124492],{"href":50353},[33,140709,140710],{},[587,140711,68641],{"href":68640},[1500,140713,140714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":140716},[140717,140718,140720,140721,140726,140727,140729,140731,140736,140738,140741,140750],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":138822,"depth":98,"text":140719},"What split() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":139070,"depth":98,"text":140722,"children":140723},"Using split() with no separator",[140724],{"id":139210,"depth":332,"text":140725},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139373,"depth":98,"text":139374},{"id":139583,"depth":98,"text":140728},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139784,"depth":98,"text":140730},"What split() returns",{"id":140054,"depth":98,"text":140055,"children":140732},[140733,140734,140735],{"id":140061,"depth":332,"text":140062},{"id":140102,"depth":332,"text":140103},{"id":140156,"depth":332,"text":140157},{"id":140221,"depth":98,"text":140737},"When to use split()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":140739},[140740],{"id":60090,"depth":332,"text":60091},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":140742},[140743,140745,140747,140749],{"id":140642,"depth":332,"text":140744},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140659,"depth":332,"text":140746},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140669,"depth":332,"text":140748},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140677,"depth":332,"text":140678},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138731,"description":140751},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140758,"title":140759,"body":140760,"description":142703,"extension":1552,"meta":142704,"navigation":335,"path":142705,"seo":142706,"stem":142707,"__hash__":142708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140761,"toc":142662},[140762,140767,140772,140779,140852,140857,140862,140867,140883,140885,140955,140957,140959,140979,140981,141026,141031,141033,141131,141136,141140,141145,141149,141152,141194,141198,141201,141246,141250,141253,141303,141307,141312,141364,141366,141371,141382,141387,141467,141469,141481,141490,141497,141512,141514,141629,141635,141639,141642,141647,141789,141792,141799,141801,141805,141813,141882,141888,141937,141942,141947,141949,141969,141971,142037,142039,142043,142046,142050,142091,142093,142126,142131,142134,142161,142163,142206,142213,142218,142228,142294,142298,142306,142311,142362,142366,142369,142371,142380,142382,142432,142434,142541,142543,142548,142555,142561,142564,142595,142600,142602,142609,142617,142626,142629,142631,142659],[10,140763,122737,140765,10916],{"id":140764},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140766,127105],{},[20,140768,122742,140769,140771],{},[15,140770,127105],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140773,125803,140774,2468,140776,140778],{},[15,140775,3190],{},[15,140777,3260],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[64,140780,140782],{"className":66,"code":140781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140783,140784,140797,140801,140826],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140785,140786,140788,140790,140792,140795],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140787,461],{"class":79},[73,140789,84],{"class":83},[73,140791,88],{"class":87},[73,140793,140794],{"class":91},"Python Beginner Help",[73,140796,95],{"class":87},[73,140798,140799],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140800,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140802,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140804,102],{"class":101},[73,140806,106],{"class":105},[73,140808,482],{"class":114},[73,140810,817],{"class":105},[73,140812,140813],{"class":114},"startswith",[73,140815,106],{"class":105},[73,140817,384],{"class":87},[73,140819,6887],{"class":91},[73,140821,384],{"class":87},[73,140823,4948],{"class":105},[73,140825,43230],{"class":3249},[73,140827,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140845,140847,140849],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140829,102],{"class":101},[73,140831,106],{"class":105},[73,140833,482],{"class":114},[73,140835,817],{"class":105},[73,140837,140813],{"class":114},[73,140839,106],{"class":105},[73,140841,384],{"class":87},[73,140843,140844],{"class":91},"Beginner",[73,140846,384],{"class":87},[73,140848,4948],{"class":105},[73,140850,140851],{"class":3249}," # False\n",[20,140853,121,140854,140856],{},[15,140855,127105],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[59,140858,236,140860,239],{"id":140859},"what-startswith-does",[15,140861,127105],{},[20,140863,140864,140866],{},[15,140865,127105],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,140868,140869,140872,140878,140880],{},[33,140870,140871],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,140873,4737,140874,2468,140876],{},[15,140875,3190],{},[15,140877,3260],{},[33,140879,122880],{},[33,140881,140882],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140884,714],{},[64,140886,140888],{"className":66,"code":140887,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140889,140890,140902,140906,140931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140891,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140893,80],{"class":79},[73,140895,84],{"class":83},[73,140897,88],{"class":87},[73,140899,6887],{"class":91},[73,140901,95],{"class":87},[73,140903,140904],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,140905,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,140907,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140925,140927,140929],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,140909,102],{"class":101},[73,140911,106],{"class":105},[73,140913,115],{"class":114},[73,140915,817],{"class":105},[73,140917,140813],{"class":114},[73,140919,106],{"class":105},[73,140921,384],{"class":87},[73,140923,140924],{"class":91},"Py",[73,140926,384],{"class":87},[73,140928,4948],{"class":105},[73,140930,43230],{"class":3249},[73,140932,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,140934,102],{"class":101},[73,140936,106],{"class":105},[73,140938,115],{"class":114},[73,140940,817],{"class":105},[73,140942,140813],{"class":114},[73,140944,106],{"class":105},[73,140946,384],{"class":87},[73,140948,128183],{"class":91},[73,140950,384],{"class":87},[73,140952,4948],{"class":105},[73,140954,43247],{"class":3249},[59,140956,285],{"id":284},[20,140958,41759],{},[64,140960,140962],{"className":66,"code":140961,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140963,140964],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140965,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140977],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140967,60555],{"class":79},[73,140969,817],{"class":105},[73,140971,140813],{"class":114},[73,140973,106],{"class":105},[73,140975,140976],{"class":114},"prefix",[73,140978,854],{"class":105},[20,140980,30362],{},[64,140982,140984],{"className":66,"code":140983,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140985,140986,141004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140987,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140989,60555],{"class":79},[73,140991,817],{"class":105},[73,140993,140813],{"class":114},[73,140995,106],{"class":105},[73,140997,140976],{"class":114},[73,140999,149],{"class":105},[73,141001,35421],{"class":114},[73,141003,854],{"class":105},[73,141005,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141007,60555],{"class":79},[73,141009,817],{"class":105},[73,141011,140813],{"class":114},[73,141013,106],{"class":105},[73,141015,140976],{"class":114},[73,141017,149],{"class":105},[73,141019,35421],{"class":114},[73,141021,149],{"class":105},[73,141023,64422],{"class":114},[73,141025,854],{"class":105},[20,141027,20370,141028,141030],{},[15,141029,140976],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141032,714],{},[64,141034,141036],{"className":66,"code":141035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141037,141038,141050,141054,141079,141103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141041,461],{"class":79},[73,141043,84],{"class":83},[73,141045,88],{"class":87},[73,141047,59787],{"class":91},[73,141049,95],{"class":87},[73,141051,141052],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141053,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141055,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141057,102],{"class":101},[73,141059,106],{"class":105},[73,141061,482],{"class":114},[73,141063,817],{"class":105},[73,141065,140813],{"class":114},[73,141067,106],{"class":105},[73,141069,384],{"class":87},[73,141071,92],{"class":91},[73,141073,384],{"class":87},[73,141075,4948],{"class":105},[73,141077,141078],{"class":3249},"      # True\n",[73,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,141082,102],{"class":101},[73,141084,106],{"class":105},[73,141086,482],{"class":114},[73,141088,817],{"class":105},[73,141090,140813],{"class":114},[73,141092,106],{"class":105},[73,141094,384],{"class":87},[73,141096,59972],{"class":91},[73,141098,384],{"class":87},[73,141100,4948],{"class":105},[73,141102,20800],{"class":3249},[73,141104,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,141106,102],{"class":101},[73,141108,106],{"class":105},[73,141110,482],{"class":114},[73,141112,817],{"class":105},[73,141114,140813],{"class":114},[73,141116,106],{"class":105},[73,141118,384],{"class":87},[73,141120,59972],{"class":91},[73,141122,384],{"class":87},[73,141124,149],{"class":105},[73,141126,37015],{"class":315},[73,141128,4948],{"class":105},[73,141130,43230],{"class":3249},[20,141132,141133,141134,817],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[587,141135,124492],{"href":50353},[59,141137,141139],{"id":141138},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141141,141142,141144],{},[15,141143,127105],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[292,141146,141147],{"id":140976},[15,141148,140976],{},[20,141150,141151],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[64,141153,141155],{"className":66,"code":141154,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141156,141157,141169],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141158,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141160,461],{"class":79},[73,141162,84],{"class":83},[73,141164,88],{"class":87},[73,141166,3675],{"class":91},[73,141168,95],{"class":87},[73,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141188,141190,141192],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141172,102],{"class":101},[73,141174,106],{"class":105},[73,141176,482],{"class":114},[73,141178,817],{"class":105},[73,141180,140813],{"class":114},[73,141182,106],{"class":105},[73,141184,384],{"class":87},[73,141186,141187],{"class":91},"ban",[73,141189,384],{"class":87},[73,141191,4948],{"class":105},[73,141193,3250],{"class":3249},[292,141195,141196],{"id":35442},[15,141197,35442],{},[20,141199,141200],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[64,141202,141204],{"className":66,"code":141203,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141205,141206,141218],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141207,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141209,461],{"class":79},[73,141211,84],{"class":83},[73,141213,88],{"class":87},[73,141215,59787],{"class":91},[73,141217,95],{"class":87},[73,141219,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228,141230,141232,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141221,102],{"class":101},[73,141223,106],{"class":105},[73,141225,482],{"class":114},[73,141227,817],{"class":105},[73,141229,140813],{"class":114},[73,141231,106],{"class":105},[73,141233,384],{"class":87},[73,141235,59972],{"class":91},[73,141237,384],{"class":87},[73,141239,149],{"class":105},[73,141241,37015],{"class":315},[73,141243,4948],{"class":105},[73,141245,3250],{"class":3249},[292,141247,141248],{"id":52039},[15,141249,52039],{},[20,141251,141252],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[64,141254,141256],{"className":66,"code":141255,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141257,141258,141270],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141259,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141261,461],{"class":79},[73,141263,84],{"class":83},[73,141265,88],{"class":87},[73,141267,59787],{"class":91},[73,141269,95],{"class":87},[73,141271,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141273,102],{"class":101},[73,141275,106],{"class":105},[73,141277,482],{"class":114},[73,141279,817],{"class":105},[73,141281,140813],{"class":114},[73,141283,106],{"class":105},[73,141285,384],{"class":87},[73,141287,141288],{"class":91},"wor",[73,141290,384],{"class":87},[73,141292,149],{"class":105},[73,141294,37015],{"class":315},[73,141296,149],{"class":105},[73,141298,53515],{"class":315},[73,141300,4948],{"class":105},[73,141302,3250],{"class":3249},[292,141304,141306],{"id":141305},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141308,141309,141311],{},[15,141310,140976],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[64,141313,141315],{"className":66,"code":141314,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141316,141317,141330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141318,141319,141321,141323,141325,141328],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141320,125820],{"class":79},[73,141322,84],{"class":83},[73,141324,88],{"class":87},[73,141326,141327],{"class":91},"img_001.png",[73,141329,95],{"class":87},[73,141331,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141349,141351,141353,141355,141358,141360,141362],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141333,102],{"class":101},[73,141335,106],{"class":105},[73,141337,125838],{"class":114},[73,141339,817],{"class":105},[73,141341,140813],{"class":114},[73,141343,5097],{"class":105},[73,141345,384],{"class":87},[73,141347,141348],{"class":91},"img_",[73,141350,384],{"class":87},[73,141352,149],{"class":105},[73,141354,88],{"class":87},[73,141356,141357],{"class":91},"photo_",[73,141359,384],{"class":87},[73,141361,50469],{"class":105},[73,141363,3250],{"class":3249},[59,141365,17017],{"id":17016},[20,141367,141368,141370],{},[15,141369,127105],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141372,141373,141378],{},[33,141374,141375,141377],{},[15,141376,3190],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141379,141380,126422],{},[15,141381,3260],{},[20,141383,141384,141385,6763],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141386,6588],{},[64,141388,141390],{"className":66,"code":141389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141391,141392,141406,141410,141431,141446,141452],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141393,141394,141397,141399,141401,141404],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141395,141396],{"class":79},"command ",[73,141398,84],{"class":83},[73,141400,88],{"class":87},[73,141402,141403],{"class":91},"\u002Fhelp",[73,141405,95],{"class":87},[73,141407,141408],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141409,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141411,141412,141414,141417,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141413,6588],{"class":646},[73,141415,141416],{"class":79}," command",[73,141418,817],{"class":105},[73,141420,140813],{"class":114},[73,141422,106],{"class":105},[73,141424,384],{"class":87},[73,141426,126629],{"class":91},[73,141428,384],{"class":87},[73,141430,7933],{"class":105},[73,141432,141433,141435,141437,141439,141442,141444],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,141434,7659],{"class":101},[73,141436,106],{"class":105},[73,141438,384],{"class":87},[73,141440,141441],{"class":91},"This looks like a command.",[73,141443,384],{"class":87},[73,141445,854],{"class":105},[73,141447,141448,141450],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,141449,27030],{"class":646},[73,141451,5982],{"class":105},[73,141453,141454,141456,141458,141460,141463,141465],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,141455,7659],{"class":101},[73,141457,106],{"class":105},[73,141459,384],{"class":87},[73,141461,141462],{"class":91},"This is normal text.",[73,141464,384],{"class":87},[73,141466,854],{"class":105},[20,141468,1660],{},[64,141470,141472],{"className":66,"code":141471,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141473,141474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141475,141476,141479],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141477,141478],{"class":79},"This looks like a command",[73,141480,121769],{"class":105},[59,141482,438,141484,8295,141486,355,141488],{"id":141483},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141485,127105],{},[15,141487,35442],{},[15,141489,52039],{},[20,141491,1569,141492,355,141494,141496],{},[15,141493,35442],{},[15,141495,52039],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141498,141499,141504,141509],{},[33,141500,141501,141503],{},[15,141502,35442],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141505,141506,141508],{},[15,141507,52039],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141510,141511],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141513,714],{},[64,141515,141517],{"className":66,"code":141516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141518,141519,141531,141535,141564,141597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141522,461],{"class":79},[73,141524,84],{"class":83},[73,141526,88],{"class":87},[73,141528,139016],{"class":91},[73,141530,95],{"class":87},[73,141532,141533],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141534,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141538,102],{"class":101},[73,141540,106],{"class":105},[73,141542,482],{"class":114},[73,141544,817],{"class":105},[73,141546,140813],{"class":114},[73,141548,106],{"class":105},[73,141550,384],{"class":87},[73,141552,78653],{"class":91},[73,141554,384],{"class":87},[73,141556,149],{"class":105},[73,141558,2047],{"class":315},[73,141560,4948],{"class":105},[73,141562,141563],{"class":3249},"        # True\n",[73,141565,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141593,141595],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,141567,102],{"class":101},[73,141569,106],{"class":105},[73,141571,482],{"class":114},[73,141573,817],{"class":105},[73,141575,140813],{"class":114},[73,141577,106],{"class":105},[73,141579,384],{"class":87},[73,141581,133623],{"class":91},[73,141583,384],{"class":87},[73,141585,149],{"class":105},[73,141587,5948],{"class":315},[73,141589,149],{"class":105},[73,141591,141592],{"class":315}," 13",[73,141594,4948],{"class":105},[73,141596,3250],{"class":3249},[73,141598,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,141600,102],{"class":101},[73,141602,106],{"class":105},[73,141604,482],{"class":114},[73,141606,817],{"class":105},[73,141608,140813],{"class":114},[73,141610,106],{"class":105},[73,141612,384],{"class":87},[73,141614,133623],{"class":91},[73,141616,384],{"class":87},[73,141618,149],{"class":105},[73,141620,5948],{"class":315},[73,141622,149],{"class":105},[73,141624,30541],{"class":315},[73,141626,4948],{"class":105},[73,141628,4361],{"class":3249},[20,141630,141631,141632,141634],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141633,52039],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[59,141636,141638],{"id":141637},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141640,141641],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141643,141644,141645,48725],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141646,40210],{},[64,141648,141650],{"className":66,"code":141649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141651,141652,141666,141680,141694,141698,141722,141726,141747,141768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141653,141654,141657,141659,141661,141664],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141655,141656],{"class":79},"filename1 ",[73,141658,84],{"class":83},[73,141660,88],{"class":87},[73,141662,141663],{"class":91},"img_101.jpg",[73,141665,95],{"class":87},[73,141667,141668,141671,141673,141675,141678],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141669,141670],{"class":79},"filename2 ",[73,141672,84],{"class":83},[73,141674,88],{"class":87},[73,141676,141677],{"class":91},"photo_202.jpg",[73,141679,95],{"class":87},[73,141681,141682,141685,141687,141689,141692],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141683,141684],{"class":79},"filename3 ",[73,141686,84],{"class":83},[73,141688,88],{"class":87},[73,141690,141691],{"class":91},"doc_303.jpg",[73,141693,95],{"class":87},[73,141695,141696],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,141697,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141699,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,141701,127032],{"class":79},[73,141703,84],{"class":83},[73,141705,8828],{"class":105},[73,141707,384],{"class":87},[73,141709,141348],{"class":91},[73,141711,384],{"class":87},[73,141713,149],{"class":105},[73,141715,88],{"class":87},[73,141717,141357],{"class":91},[73,141719,384],{"class":87},[73,141721,854],{"class":105},[73,141723,141724],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,141725,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141727,141728,141730,141732,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,141729,102],{"class":101},[73,141731,106],{"class":105},[73,141733,141734],{"class":114},"filename1",[73,141736,817],{"class":105},[73,141738,140813],{"class":114},[73,141740,106],{"class":105},[73,141742,127084],{"class":114},[73,141744,4948],{"class":105},[73,141746,3250],{"class":3249},[73,141748,141749,141751,141753,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,141750,102],{"class":101},[73,141752,106],{"class":105},[73,141754,141755],{"class":114},"filename2",[73,141757,817],{"class":105},[73,141759,140813],{"class":114},[73,141761,106],{"class":105},[73,141763,127084],{"class":114},[73,141765,4948],{"class":105},[73,141767,3250],{"class":3249},[73,141769,141770,141772,141774,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,141771,102],{"class":101},[73,141773,106],{"class":105},[73,141775,141776],{"class":114},"filename3",[73,141778,817],{"class":105},[73,141780,140813],{"class":114},[73,141782,106],{"class":105},[73,141784,127084],{"class":114},[73,141786,4948],{"class":105},[73,141788,4361],{"class":3249},[20,141790,141791],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141793,74154,141794,141798],{},[587,141795,125737,141796,10333],{"href":129331},[15,141797,125795],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[59,141800,123384],{"id":123383},[20,141802,141803,123195],{},[15,141804,127105],{},[20,141806,126782,141807,355,141810,126789],{},[15,141808,141809],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141811,141812],{},"\"python\"",[64,141814,141816],{"className":66,"code":141815,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141817,141818,141830,141834,141858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141821,461],{"class":79},[73,141823,84],{"class":83},[73,141825,88],{"class":87},[73,141827,6887],{"class":91},[73,141829,95],{"class":87},[73,141831,141832],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141833,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141837,102],{"class":101},[73,141839,106],{"class":105},[73,141841,482],{"class":114},[73,141843,817],{"class":105},[73,141845,140813],{"class":114},[73,141847,106],{"class":105},[73,141849,384],{"class":87},[73,141851,140924],{"class":91},[73,141853,384],{"class":87},[73,141855,4948],{"class":105},[73,141857,3250],{"class":3249},[73,141859,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,141861,102],{"class":101},[73,141863,106],{"class":105},[73,141865,482],{"class":114},[73,141867,817],{"class":105},[73,141869,140813],{"class":114},[73,141871,106],{"class":105},[73,141873,384],{"class":87},[73,141875,128183],{"class":91},[73,141877,384],{"class":87},[73,141879,4948],{"class":105},[73,141881,4361],{"class":3249},[20,141883,126874,141884,817],{},[587,141885,141886],{"href":123464},[15,141887,123467],{},[64,141889,141891],{"className":66,"code":141890,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141892,141893,141905,141909],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141894,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141896,461],{"class":79},[73,141898,84],{"class":83},[73,141900,88],{"class":87},[73,141902,6887],{"class":91},[73,141904,95],{"class":87},[73,141906,141907],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141908,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141910,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141912,102],{"class":101},[73,141914,106],{"class":105},[73,141916,482],{"class":114},[73,141918,817],{"class":105},[73,141920,206],{"class":114},[73,141922,8228],{"class":105},[73,141924,140813],{"class":114},[73,141926,106],{"class":105},[73,141928,384],{"class":87},[73,141930,128183],{"class":91},[73,141932,384],{"class":87},[73,141934,4948],{"class":105},[73,141936,3250],{"class":3249},[59,141938,4551,141940],{"id":141939},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141941,127105],{},[20,141943,141944,141946],{},[15,141945,127105],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141948,8966],{},[30,141950,141951,141954,141957,141966],{},[33,141952,141953],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,141955,141956],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,141958,141959,141960,2468,141963],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141961,141962],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141964,141965],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,141967,141968],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141970,714],{},[64,141972,141974],{"className":66,"code":141973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141975,141976,141989,141993,142022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141977,141978,141980,141982,141984,141987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141979,126600],{"class":79},[73,141981,84],{"class":83},[73,141983,88],{"class":87},[73,141985,141986],{"class":91},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[73,141988,95],{"class":87},[73,141990,141991],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,141992,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,141994,141995,141997,142000,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,141996,6588],{"class":646},[73,141998,141999],{"class":79}," url",[73,142001,817],{"class":105},[73,142003,140813],{"class":114},[73,142005,5097],{"class":105},[73,142007,384],{"class":87},[73,142009,141962],{"class":91},[73,142011,384],{"class":87},[73,142013,149],{"class":105},[73,142015,88],{"class":87},[73,142017,141965],{"class":91},[73,142019,384],{"class":87},[73,142021,68945],{"class":105},[73,142023,142024,142026,142028,142030,142033,142035],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,142025,7659],{"class":101},[73,142027,106],{"class":105},[73,142029,384],{"class":87},[73,142031,142032],{"class":91},"This looks like a web URL.",[73,142034,384],{"class":87},[73,142036,854],{"class":105},[59,142038,1207],{"id":1206},[20,142040,22694,142041,817],{},[15,142042,127105],{},[292,142044,138177],{"id":142045},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142047,142048,123195],{},[15,142049,127105],{},[64,142051,142053],{"className":66,"code":142052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142054,142055,142067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142056,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142058,461],{"class":79},[73,142060,84],{"class":83},[73,142062,88],{"class":87},[73,142064,6887],{"class":91},[73,142066,95],{"class":87},[73,142068,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142070,102],{"class":101},[73,142072,106],{"class":105},[73,142074,482],{"class":114},[73,142076,817],{"class":105},[73,142078,140813],{"class":114},[73,142080,106],{"class":105},[73,142082,384],{"class":87},[73,142084,68],{"class":91},[73,142086,384],{"class":87},[73,142088,4948],{"class":105},[73,142090,4361],{"class":3249},[20,142092,38634],{},[64,142094,142096],{"className":66,"code":142095,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142097,142098],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142099,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142101,102],{"class":101},[73,142103,106],{"class":105},[73,142105,482],{"class":114},[73,142107,817],{"class":105},[73,142109,206],{"class":114},[73,142111,8228],{"class":105},[73,142113,140813],{"class":114},[73,142115,106],{"class":105},[73,142117,384],{"class":87},[73,142119,68],{"class":91},[73,142121,384],{"class":87},[73,142123,4948],{"class":105},[73,142125,3250],{"class":3249},[292,142127,29247,142129,136659],{"id":142128},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142130,127105],{},[20,142132,142133],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[64,142135,142137],{"className":66,"code":142136,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142138,142139,142147,142151,142156],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142140,142141,142143,142145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142142,2037],{"class":79},[73,142144,84],{"class":83},[73,142146,124419],{"class":315},[73,142148,142149],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142150,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,142152,142153],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142154,142155],{"class":3249},"# This will cause an error:\n",[73,142157,142158],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,142159,142160],{"class":3249},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142162,38634],{},[64,142164,142166],{"className":66,"code":142165,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142167,142168,142182],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142169,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142171,2037],{"class":79},[73,142173,84],{"class":83},[73,142175,48281],{"class":1270},[73,142177,106],{"class":105},[73,142179,49623],{"class":315},[73,142181,854],{"class":105},[73,142183,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142185,102],{"class":101},[73,142187,106],{"class":105},[73,142189,2063],{"class":114},[73,142191,817],{"class":105},[73,142193,140813],{"class":114},[73,142195,106],{"class":105},[73,142197,384],{"class":87},[73,142199,404],{"class":91},[73,142201,384],{"class":87},[73,142203,4948],{"class":105},[73,142205,3250],{"class":3249},[292,142207,36575,142209,8295,142211],{"id":142208},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142210,127105],{},[15,142212,3469],{},[20,142214,142215,142217],{},[15,142216,127105],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142219,142220,142221,142223,142224,817],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142222,3469],{}," or methods like ",[587,142225,142226],{"href":123747},[15,142227,123732],{},[64,142229,142231],{"className":66,"code":142230,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142232,142233,142245,142249,142273],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142234,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142236,461],{"class":79},[73,142238,84],{"class":83},[73,142240,88],{"class":87},[73,142242,59787],{"class":91},[73,142244,95],{"class":87},[73,142246,142247],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142248,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,142250,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142252,102],{"class":101},[73,142254,106],{"class":105},[73,142256,482],{"class":114},[73,142258,817],{"class":105},[73,142260,140813],{"class":114},[73,142262,106],{"class":105},[73,142264,384],{"class":87},[73,142266,59972],{"class":91},[73,142268,384],{"class":87},[73,142270,4948],{"class":105},[73,142272,4361],{"class":3249},[73,142274,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,142276,102],{"class":101},[73,142278,106],{"class":105},[73,142280,384],{"class":87},[73,142282,59972],{"class":91},[73,142284,384],{"class":87},[73,142286,20773],{"class":646},[73,142288,42216],{"class":114},[73,142290,3246],{"class":105},[73,142292,142293],{"class":3249},"           # True\n",[20,142295,135211,142296,817],{},[587,142297,126773],{"href":122992},[292,142299,4293,142301,355,142303,142305],{"id":142300},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142302,35442],{},[15,142304,52039],{}," use index positions",[20,142307,142308,142309,817],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142310,1710],{},[64,142312,142314],{"className":66,"code":142313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142315,142316,142329,142333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142317,142318,142320,142322,142324,142327],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142319,461],{"class":79},[73,142321,84],{"class":83},[73,142323,88],{"class":87},[73,142325,142326],{"class":91},"abcdef",[73,142328,95],{"class":87},[73,142330,142331],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142332,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142352,142354,142356,142358,142360],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142336,102],{"class":101},[73,142338,106],{"class":105},[73,142340,482],{"class":114},[73,142342,817],{"class":105},[73,142344,140813],{"class":114},[73,142346,106],{"class":105},[73,142348,384],{"class":87},[73,142350,142351],{"class":91},"cd",[73,142353,384],{"class":87},[73,142355,149],{"class":105},[73,142357,409],{"class":315},[73,142359,4948],{"class":105},[73,142361,3250],{"class":3249},[292,142363,142365],{"id":142364},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142367,142368],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142370,16242],{},[64,142372,142374],{"className":66,"code":142373,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142375,142376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142377,142378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142379,142373],{"class":3249},[20,142381,16254],{},[64,142383,142385],{"className":66,"code":142384,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142386,142387,142399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142390,461],{"class":79},[73,142392,84],{"class":83},[73,142394,88],{"class":87},[73,142396,6887],{"class":91},[73,142398,95],{"class":87},[73,142400,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142426,142428,142430],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142402,102],{"class":101},[73,142404,106],{"class":105},[73,142406,482],{"class":114},[73,142408,817],{"class":105},[73,142410,140813],{"class":114},[73,142412,5097],{"class":105},[73,142414,384],{"class":87},[73,142416,140924],{"class":91},[73,142418,384],{"class":87},[73,142420,149],{"class":105},[73,142422,88],{"class":87},[73,142424,142425],{"class":91},"Ja",[73,142427,384],{"class":87},[73,142429,50469],{"class":105},[73,142431,3250],{"class":3249},[20,142433,31681],{},[64,142435,142437],{"className":66,"code":142436,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142438,142439,142449,142463,142485,142511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142440,142441,142443,142445,142447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142442,102],{"class":101},[73,142444,106],{"class":105},[73,142446,482],{"class":114},[73,142448,854],{"class":105},[73,142450,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142452,102],{"class":101},[73,142454,106],{"class":105},[73,142456,1271],{"class":1270},[73,142458,106],{"class":105},[73,142460,482],{"class":114},[73,142462,118],{"class":105},[73,142464,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142466,102],{"class":101},[73,142468,106],{"class":105},[73,142470,482],{"class":114},[73,142472,817],{"class":105},[73,142474,140813],{"class":114},[73,142476,106],{"class":105},[73,142478,384],{"class":87},[73,142480,140924],{"class":91},[73,142482,384],{"class":87},[73,142484,118],{"class":105},[73,142486,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,142488,102],{"class":101},[73,142490,106],{"class":105},[73,142492,482],{"class":114},[73,142494,817],{"class":105},[73,142496,206],{"class":114},[73,142498,8228],{"class":105},[73,142500,140813],{"class":114},[73,142502,106],{"class":105},[73,142504,384],{"class":87},[73,142506,128183],{"class":91},[73,142508,384],{"class":87},[73,142510,118],{"class":105},[73,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,142514,102],{"class":101},[73,142516,106],{"class":105},[73,142518,482],{"class":114},[73,142520,817],{"class":105},[73,142522,140813],{"class":114},[73,142524,5097],{"class":105},[73,142526,384],{"class":87},[73,142528,140924],{"class":91},[73,142530,384],{"class":87},[73,142532,149],{"class":105},[73,142534,88],{"class":87},[73,142536,142425],{"class":91},[73,142538,384],{"class":87},[73,142540,2503],{"class":105},[59,142542,1405],{"id":1404},[292,142544,12300,142546,127583],{"id":142545},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142547,127105],{},[20,142549,142550,142551,2468,142553,817],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142552,3190],{},[15,142554,3260],{},[292,142556,1446,142558,142560],{"id":142557},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142559,127105],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142562,142563],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[64,142565,142567],{"className":66,"code":142566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142568,142569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142570,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142572,482],{"class":79},[73,142574,817],{"class":105},[73,142576,140813],{"class":114},[73,142578,5097],{"class":105},[73,142580,384],{"class":87},[73,142582,587],{"class":91},[73,142584,384],{"class":87},[73,142586,149],{"class":105},[73,142588,88],{"class":87},[73,142590,4350],{"class":91},[73,142592,384],{"class":87},[73,142594,118],{"class":105},[292,142596,14501,142598,124073],{"id":142597},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142599,127105],{},[20,142601,129266],{},[292,142603,1419,142605,355,142607,1424],{"id":142604},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142606,127105],{},[15,142608,3469],{},[20,142610,142611,142613,142614,142616],{},[15,142612,127105],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142615,3469],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[292,142618,27925,142620,355,142622,8295,142624,1424],{"id":142619},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142621,35442],{},[15,142623,52039],{},[15,142625,127105],{},[20,142627,142628],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[59,142630,1461],{"id":1460},[30,142632,142633,142639,142645,142651,142655],{},[33,142634,142635],{},[587,142636,125737,142637,10333],{"href":129331},[15,142638,125795],{},[33,142640,142641],{},[587,142642,125737,142643,10333],{"href":123747},[15,142644,123732],{},[33,142646,142647],{},[587,142648,125737,142649,10333],{"href":123464},[15,142650,123467],{},[33,142652,142653],{},[587,142654,124136],{"href":122992},[33,142656,142657],{},[587,142658,124492],{"href":50353},[1500,142660,142661],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":142663},[142664,142666,142667,142673,142674,142676,142677,142678,142680,142690,142702],{"id":140859,"depth":98,"text":142665},"What startswith() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":141138,"depth":98,"text":141139,"children":142668},[142669,142670,142671,142672],{"id":140976,"depth":332,"text":140976},{"id":35442,"depth":332,"text":35442},{"id":52039,"depth":332,"text":52039},{"id":141305,"depth":332,"text":141306},{"id":17016,"depth":98,"text":17017},{"id":141483,"depth":98,"text":142675},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141637,"depth":98,"text":141638},{"id":123383,"depth":98,"text":123384},{"id":141939,"depth":98,"text":142679},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":142681},[142682,142683,142685,142687,142689],{"id":142045,"depth":332,"text":138177},{"id":142128,"depth":332,"text":142684},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142208,"depth":332,"text":142686},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142300,"depth":332,"text":142688},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142364,"depth":332,"text":142365},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":142691},[142692,142694,142696,142698,142700],{"id":142545,"depth":332,"text":142693},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142557,"depth":332,"text":142695},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142597,"depth":332,"text":142697},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142604,"depth":332,"text":142699},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142619,"depth":332,"text":142701},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140759,"description":142703},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142710,"title":142711,"body":142712,"description":144166,"extension":1552,"meta":144167,"navigation":335,"path":144168,"seo":144169,"stem":144170,"__hash__":144171},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142713,"toc":144136},[142714,142719,142724,142727,142729,142773,142775,142783,142788,142793,142798,142800,142818,142820,142866,142868,142882,142891,142895,142897,142899,142911,142916,142919,142951,142953,142962,142967,142970,143011,143013,143021,143023,143036,143042,143046,143049,143065,143067,143116,143118,143127,143130,143189,143191,143200,143207,143210,143263,143265,143289,143296,143302,143306,143312,143315,143326,143328,143368,143370,143378,143380,143420,143422,143431,143433,143451,143454,143461,143472,143475,143492,143494,143571,143573,143604,143607,143609,143612,143638,143640,143680,143682,143691,143701,143709,143717,143722,143727,143729,143743,143745,143796,143798,143807,143817,143819,143821,143843,143846,143925,143927,143963,143966,144041,144046,144048,144054,144059,144064,144067,144073,144076,144083,144091,144095,144103,144105,144133],[10,142715,122737,142717,10916],{"id":142716},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142718,41027],{},[20,142720,22,142721,142723],{},[15,142722,41027],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142725,142726],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[59,142728,3195],{"id":3194},[64,142730,142732],{"className":66,"code":142731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142733,142734,142747,142762],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142735,142736,142738,142740,142742,142745],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142737,461],{"class":79},[73,142739,84],{"class":83},[73,142741,88],{"class":87},[73,142743,142744],{"class":91},"  hello  ",[73,142746,95],{"class":87},[73,142748,142749,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142750,142751],{"class":79},"clean_text ",[73,142753,84],{"class":83},[73,142755,42216],{"class":79},[73,142757,817],{"class":105},[73,142759,506],{"class":114},[73,142761,8233],{"class":105},[73,142763,142764,142766,142768,142771],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142765,102],{"class":101},[73,142767,106],{"class":105},[73,142769,142770],{"class":114},"clean_text",[73,142772,854],{"class":105},[20,142774,1660],{},[64,142776,142777],{"className":66,"code":138052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,142778,142779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142780,142781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142782,138052],{"class":79},[20,142784,121,142785,142787],{},[15,142786,41027],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[59,142789,236,142791,239],{"id":142790},"what-strip-does",[15,142792,41027],{},[20,142794,142795,142797],{},[15,142796,41027],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142799,12649],{},[30,142801,142802,142806,142809,142812,142815],{},[33,142803,142804,131087],{},[15,142805,41027],{},[33,142807,142808],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,142810,142811],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,142813,142814],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,142816,142817],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142819,714],{},[64,142821,142823],{"className":66,"code":142822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142824,142825,142838,142842,142856],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142828,461],{"class":79},[73,142830,84],{"class":83},[73,142832,88],{"class":87},[73,142834,142835],{"class":91},"  hello world  ",[73,142837,95],{"class":87},[73,142839,142840],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142841,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,142843,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,142845,102],{"class":101},[73,142847,106],{"class":105},[73,142849,482],{"class":114},[73,142851,817],{"class":105},[73,142853,506],{"class":114},[73,142855,348],{"class":105},[73,142857,142858,142860,142862,142864],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,142859,102],{"class":101},[73,142861,106],{"class":105},[73,142863,482],{"class":114},[73,142865,854],{"class":105},[20,142867,1660],{},[64,142869,142871],{"className":66,"code":142870,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142872,142873,142877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142874,142875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142876,133753],{"class":79},[73,142878,142879],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142880,142881],{"class":79},"  hello world\n",[20,142883,142884,142885,142887,142888,142890],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142886,41027],{},", but the original ",[15,142889,482],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142892,124489,142893,817],{},[587,142894,124492],{"href":50353},[59,142896,285],{"id":284},[20,142898,26083],{},[30,142900,142901,142906],{},[33,142902,142903],{},[15,142904,142905],{},"string.strip()",[33,142907,142908],{},[15,142909,142910],{},"string.strip(chars)",[292,142912,142914],{"id":142913},"stringstrip",[15,142915,142905],{},[20,142917,142918],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[64,142920,142922],{"className":66,"code":142921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142923,142924,142937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142925,142926,142928,142930,142932,142935],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142927,80],{"class":79},[73,142929,84],{"class":83},[73,142931,88],{"class":87},[73,142933,142934],{"class":91},"  Alice  ",[73,142936,95],{"class":87},[73,142938,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142940,102],{"class":101},[73,142942,106],{"class":105},[73,142944,115],{"class":114},[73,142946,817],{"class":105},[73,142948,506],{"class":114},[73,142950,348],{"class":105},[20,142952,1660],{},[64,142954,142956],{"className":66,"code":142955,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Alice\n",[15,142957,142958],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142959,142960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142961,142955],{"class":79},[292,142963,142965],{"id":142964},"stringstripchars",[15,142966,142910],{},[20,142968,142969],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[64,142971,142973],{"className":66,"code":142972,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142974,142975,142988],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142976,142977,142979,142981,142983,142986],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142978,461],{"class":79},[73,142980,84],{"class":83},[73,142982,88],{"class":87},[73,142984,142985],{"class":91},"!!hello??",[73,142987,95],{"class":87},[73,142989,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143007,143009],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,142991,102],{"class":101},[73,142993,106],{"class":105},[73,142995,482],{"class":114},[73,142997,817],{"class":105},[73,142999,506],{"class":114},[73,143001,106],{"class":105},[73,143003,384],{"class":87},[73,143005,143006],{"class":91},"!?",[73,143008,384],{"class":87},[73,143010,118],{"class":105},[20,143012,1660],{},[64,143014,143015],{"className":66,"code":138052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,143016,143017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143018,143019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143020,138052],{"class":79},[20,143022,83203],{},[30,143024,143025,143030],{},[33,143026,143027,143029],{},[15,143028,133996],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143031,143032,143033,143035],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143034,133996],{}," does not matter",[59,143037,143039,143040],{"id":143038},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143041,41027],{},[20,143043,30483,143044,817],{},[15,143045,41027],{},[20,143047,143048],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143050,143051,143056,143059,143062],{},[33,143052,143053,143054,3472],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143055,2549],{},[33,143057,143058],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143060,143061],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143063,143064],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143066,47738],{},[64,143068,143070],{"className":66,"code":143069,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143071,143072,143085,143101,143105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143073,143074,143076,143078,143080,143083],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143075,7551],{"class":79},[73,143077,84],{"class":83},[73,143079,88],{"class":87},[73,143081,143082],{"class":91},"  sam  ",[73,143084,95],{"class":87},[73,143086,143087,143090,143092,143095,143097,143099],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143088,143089],{"class":79},"clean_username ",[73,143091,84],{"class":83},[73,143093,143094],{"class":79}," username",[73,143096,817],{"class":105},[73,143098,506],{"class":114},[73,143100,8233],{"class":105},[73,143102,143103],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143104,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143106,143107,143109,143111,143114],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143108,102],{"class":101},[73,143110,106],{"class":105},[73,143112,143113],{"class":114},"clean_username",[73,143115,854],{"class":105},[20,143117,1660],{},[64,143119,143121],{"className":66,"code":143120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sam\n",[15,143122,143123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143124,143125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143126,143120],{"class":79},[20,143128,143129],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[64,143131,143133],{"className":66,"code":143132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143134,143135,143148,143152,143174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143136,143137,143139,143141,143143,143146],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143138,135980],{"class":79},[73,143140,84],{"class":83},[73,143142,88],{"class":87},[73,143144,143145],{"class":91}," yes  ",[73,143147,95],{"class":87},[73,143149,143150],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143151,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143153,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143155,6588],{"class":646},[73,143157,136000],{"class":79},[73,143159,817],{"class":105},[73,143161,506],{"class":114},[73,143163,6956],{"class":105},[73,143165,5997],{"class":83},[73,143167,88],{"class":87},[73,143169,8248],{"class":91},[73,143171,384],{"class":87},[73,143173,5982],{"class":105},[73,143175,143176,143178,143180,143182,143185,143187],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143177,7659],{"class":101},[73,143179,106],{"class":105},[73,143181,384],{"class":87},[73,143183,143184],{"class":91},"Matched",[73,143186,384],{"class":87},[73,143188,854],{"class":105},[20,143190,1660],{},[64,143192,143194],{"className":66,"code":143193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Matched\n",[15,143195,143196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143197,143198],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143199,143193],{"class":79},[20,143201,143202,143203,817],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[587,143204,143206],{"href":143205},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143208,143209],{},"Example with file-style text:",[64,143211,143213],{"className":66,"code":143212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143214,143215,143231,143245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143216,143217,143220,143222,143224,143227,143229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143218,143219],{"class":79},"line ",[73,143221,84],{"class":83},[73,143223,88],{"class":87},[73,143225,143226],{"class":91},"Python basics",[73,143228,86535],{"class":198},[73,143230,95],{"class":87},[73,143232,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241,143243],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143234,102],{"class":101},[73,143236,106],{"class":105},[73,143238,41153],{"class":101},[73,143240,106],{"class":105},[73,143242,75],{"class":114},[73,143244,118],{"class":105},[73,143246,143247,143249,143251,143253,143255,143257,143259,143261],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143248,102],{"class":101},[73,143250,106],{"class":105},[73,143252,41153],{"class":101},[73,143254,106],{"class":105},[73,143256,75],{"class":114},[73,143258,817],{"class":105},[73,143260,506],{"class":114},[73,143262,5878],{"class":105},[20,143264,1660],{},[64,143266,143268],{"className":66,"code":143267,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143269,143270,143281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143271,143272,143274,143276,143279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143273,141],{"class":42703},[73,143275,143226],{"class":42707},[73,143277,86535],{"class":143278},"sfi6f",[73,143280,29297],{"class":42703},[73,143282,143283,143285,143287],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143284,141],{"class":42703},[73,143286,143226],{"class":42707},[73,143288,29297],{"class":42703},[20,143290,438,143291,143293,143294,817],{},[15,143292,121951],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143295,86535],{},[20,143297,143298,143299,817],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[587,143300,143301],{"href":87188},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[59,143303,143305],{"id":143304},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143307,143308,143309,817],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143310,143311],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143313,143314],{},"Python will:",[30,143316,143317,143320,143323],{},[33,143318,143319],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143321,143322],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143324,143325],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143327,714],{},[64,143329,143331],{"className":66,"code":143330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143332,143333,143346],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143334,143335,143337,143339,143341,143344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143336,461],{"class":79},[73,143338,84],{"class":83},[73,143340,88],{"class":87},[73,143342,143343],{"class":91},"??hello!!",[73,143345,95],{"class":87},[73,143347,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143349,102],{"class":101},[73,143351,106],{"class":105},[73,143353,482],{"class":114},[73,143355,817],{"class":105},[73,143357,506],{"class":114},[73,143359,106],{"class":105},[73,143361,384],{"class":87},[73,143363,143006],{"class":91},[73,143365,384],{"class":87},[73,143367,118],{"class":105},[20,143369,1660],{},[64,143371,143372],{"className":66,"code":138052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,143373,143374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143375,143376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143377,138052],{"class":79},[20,143379,51458],{},[64,143381,143383],{"className":66,"code":143382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143384,143385,143398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143386,143387,143389,143391,143393,143396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143388,461],{"class":79},[73,143390,84],{"class":83},[73,143392,88],{"class":87},[73,143394,143395],{"class":91},"abcHelloCba",[73,143397,95],{"class":87},[73,143399,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412,143414,143416,143418],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143401,102],{"class":101},[73,143403,106],{"class":105},[73,143405,482],{"class":114},[73,143407,817],{"class":105},[73,143409,506],{"class":114},[73,143411,106],{"class":105},[73,143413,384],{"class":87},[73,143415,40934],{"class":91},[73,143417,384],{"class":87},[73,143419,118],{"class":105},[20,143421,1660],{},[64,143423,143425],{"className":66,"code":143424,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HelloC\n",[15,143426,143427],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143428,143429],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143430,143424],{"class":79},[20,143432,5823],{},[20,143434,143435,13651,143438,143440,143441,143443,143444,995,143446,1782,143448,143450],{},[15,143436,143437],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[55,143439,806],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143442,40934],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143445,587],{},[15,143447,4350],{},[15,143449,9332],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143452,143453],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143455,143456,143457,6221],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[587,143458,143459],{"href":129318},[15,143460,123908],{},[59,143462,143464,1011,143466,1011,143469],{"id":143463},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143465,41027],{},[15,143467,143468],{},"lstrip()",[15,143470,143471],{},"rstrip()",[20,143473,143474],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143476,143477,143482,143487],{},[33,143478,143479,143481],{},[15,143480,41027],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143483,143484,143486],{},[15,143485,143468],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143488,143489,143491],{},[15,143490,143471],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143493,714],{},[64,143495,143497],{"className":66,"code":143496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143498,143499,143511,143515,143533,143552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143500,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143502,461],{"class":79},[73,143504,84],{"class":83},[73,143506,88],{"class":87},[73,143508,142744],{"class":91},[73,143510,95],{"class":87},[73,143512,143513],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143514,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143516,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143518,102],{"class":101},[73,143520,106],{"class":105},[73,143522,41153],{"class":101},[73,143524,106],{"class":105},[73,143526,482],{"class":114},[73,143528,817],{"class":105},[73,143530,506],{"class":114},[73,143532,5878],{"class":105},[73,143534,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143550],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143536,102],{"class":101},[73,143538,106],{"class":105},[73,143540,41153],{"class":101},[73,143542,106],{"class":105},[73,143544,482],{"class":114},[73,143546,817],{"class":105},[73,143548,143549],{"class":114},"lstrip",[73,143551,5878],{"class":105},[73,143553,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143569],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,143555,102],{"class":101},[73,143557,106],{"class":105},[73,143559,41153],{"class":101},[73,143561,106],{"class":105},[73,143563,482],{"class":114},[73,143565,817],{"class":105},[73,143567,143568],{"class":114},"rstrip",[73,143570,5878],{"class":105},[20,143572,1660],{},[64,143574,143576],{"className":66,"code":143575,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143577,143578,143586,143595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143579,143580,143582,143584],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143581,141],{"class":42703},[73,143583,92],{"class":42707},[73,143585,29297],{"class":42703},[73,143587,143588,143590,143593],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143589,141],{"class":42703},[73,143591,143592],{"class":42707},"hello  ",[73,143594,29297],{"class":42703},[73,143596,143597,143599,143602],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143598,141],{"class":42703},[73,143600,143601],{"class":42707},"  hello",[73,143603,29297],{"class":42703},[20,143605,143606],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[59,143608,107745],{"id":107744},[20,143610,143611],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143613,143614,143622,143632,143635],{},[33,143615,143616,143618,143619,143621],{},[15,143617,143437],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143620,40903],{}," once",[33,143623,143624,143625,995,143627,1782,143629,143631],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143626,587],{},[15,143628,4350],{},[15,143630,9332],{}," from both ends",[33,143633,143634],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143636,143637],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143639,714],{},[64,143641,143643],{"className":66,"code":143642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143644,143645,143658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143646,143647,143649,143651,143653,143656],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143648,125820],{"class":79},[73,143650,84],{"class":83},[73,143652,88],{"class":87},[73,143654,143655],{"class":91},"txt_report.txt",[73,143657,95],{"class":87},[73,143659,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143661,102],{"class":101},[73,143663,106],{"class":105},[73,143665,125838],{"class":114},[73,143667,817],{"class":105},[73,143669,506],{"class":114},[73,143671,106],{"class":105},[73,143673,384],{"class":87},[73,143675,125873],{"class":91},[73,143677,384],{"class":87},[73,143679,118],{"class":105},[20,143681,1660],{},[64,143683,143685],{"className":66,"code":143684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"_report\n",[15,143686,143687],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143688,143689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143690,143684],{"class":79},[20,143692,143693,143694,995,143696,1782,143698,143700],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143695,817],{},[15,143697,62668],{},[15,143699,354],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143702,53032,143703,4373,143706,143708],{},[15,143704,143705],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[55,143707,806],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143710,143711,143712,143716],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[587,143713,143714],{"href":129318},[15,143715,123908],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[59,143718,4551,143720],{"id":143719},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143721,41027],{},[20,143723,121,143724,143726],{},[15,143725,41027],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143728,35796],{},[30,143730,143731,143735,143737,143740],{},[33,143732,143053,143733,3472],{},[15,143734,2549],{},[33,143736,143058],{},[33,143738,143739],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,143741,143742],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143744,714],{},[64,143746,143748],{"className":66,"code":143747,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143749,143750,143764,143768,143781],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143751,143752,143755,143757,143759,143762],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143753,143754],{"class":79},"email ",[73,143756,84],{"class":83},[73,143758,88],{"class":87},[73,143760,143761],{"class":91},"  user@example.com  ",[73,143763,95],{"class":87},[73,143765,143766],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143767,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143769,143770,143772,143775,143777,143779],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143771,6588],{"class":646},[73,143773,143774],{"class":79}," email",[73,143776,817],{"class":105},[73,143778,506],{"class":114},[73,143780,641],{"class":105},[73,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143792,143794],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143784,7659],{"class":101},[73,143786,106],{"class":105},[73,143788,384],{"class":87},[73,143790,143791],{"class":91},"Email was entered",[73,143793,384],{"class":87},[73,143795,854],{"class":105},[20,143797,1660],{},[64,143799,143801],{"className":66,"code":143800,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Email was entered\n",[15,143802,143803],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143804,143805],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143806,143800],{"class":79},[20,143808,143809,143810,143812,143813,817],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143811,41027],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[587,143814,143815],{"href":123464},[15,143816,123467],{},[59,143818,1207],{"id":1206},[20,143820,83622],{},[30,143822,143823,143827,143832,143837],{},[33,143824,8044,143825,130957],{},[15,143826,41027],{},[33,143828,8044,143829,143831],{},[15,143830,41027],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,143833,438,143834,143836],{},[15,143835,143705],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,143838,4293,143839,143842],{},[15,143840,143841],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143844,143845],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[64,143847,143849],{"className":66,"code":143848,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143850,143851,143865,143869,143879,143893,143907],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143852,143853,143855,143857,143859,143861,143863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143854,461],{"class":79},[73,143856,84],{"class":83},[73,143858,88],{"class":87},[73,143860,143601],{"class":91},[73,143862,86535],{"class":198},[73,143864,95],{"class":87},[73,143866,143867],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143868,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143870,143871,143873,143875,143877],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143872,102],{"class":101},[73,143874,106],{"class":105},[73,143876,482],{"class":114},[73,143878,854],{"class":105},[73,143880,143881,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143882,102],{"class":101},[73,143884,106],{"class":105},[73,143886,41153],{"class":101},[73,143888,106],{"class":105},[73,143890,482],{"class":114},[73,143892,118],{"class":105},[73,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,143896,102],{"class":101},[73,143898,106],{"class":105},[73,143900,482],{"class":114},[73,143902,817],{"class":105},[73,143904,506],{"class":114},[73,143906,348],{"class":105},[73,143908,143909,143911,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,143910,102],{"class":101},[73,143912,106],{"class":105},[73,143914,41153],{"class":101},[73,143916,106],{"class":105},[73,143918,482],{"class":114},[73,143920,817],{"class":105},[73,143922,506],{"class":114},[73,143924,5878],{"class":105},[20,143926,1660],{},[64,143928,143930],{"className":66,"code":143929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143931,143932,143937,143941,143951,143955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143933,143934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143935,143936],{"class":79},"  hello\n",[73,143938,143939],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143940,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,143942,143943,143945,143947,143949],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143944,141],{"class":42703},[73,143946,143601],{"class":42707},[73,143948,86535],{"class":143278},[73,143950,29297],{"class":42703},[73,143952,143953],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,143954,138052],{"class":79},[73,143956,143957,143959,143961],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,143958,141],{"class":42703},[73,143960,92],{"class":42707},[73,143962,29297],{"class":42703},[20,143964,143965],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[64,143967,143969],{"className":66,"code":143968,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143970,143971,143981,143995,144009,144027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143972,143973,143975,143977,143979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143974,102],{"class":101},[73,143976,106],{"class":105},[73,143978,482],{"class":114},[73,143980,854],{"class":105},[73,143982,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143993],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,143984,102],{"class":101},[73,143986,106],{"class":105},[73,143988,41153],{"class":101},[73,143990,106],{"class":105},[73,143992,482],{"class":114},[73,143994,118],{"class":105},[73,143996,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,143998,102],{"class":101},[73,144000,106],{"class":105},[73,144002,482],{"class":114},[73,144004,817],{"class":105},[73,144006,506],{"class":114},[73,144008,348],{"class":105},[73,144010,144011,144013,144015,144017,144019,144021,144023,144025],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144012,102],{"class":101},[73,144014,106],{"class":105},[73,144016,41153],{"class":101},[73,144018,106],{"class":105},[73,144020,482],{"class":114},[73,144022,817],{"class":105},[73,144024,506],{"class":114},[73,144026,5878],{"class":105},[73,144028,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,144030,842],{"class":101},[73,144032,106],{"class":105},[73,144034,3031],{"class":1270},[73,144036,817],{"class":105},[73,144038,506],{"class":851},[73,144040,854],{"class":105},[20,144042,144043,144045],{},[15,144044,121951],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[59,144047,1405],{"id":1404},[292,144049,12300,144051,144053],{"id":144050},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144052,41027],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144055,45741,144056,144058],{},[15,144057,41027],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[292,144060,12300,144062,124064],{"id":144061},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144063,41027],{},[20,144065,144066],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[292,144068,1409,144070,144072],{"id":144069},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144071,41027],{}," remove by default?",[20,144074,144075],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[292,144077,33803,144079,33806,144081,1424],{"id":144078},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144080,41027],{},[15,144082,123908],{},[20,144084,144085,144087,144088,144090],{},[15,144086,41027],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144089,123908],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[292,144092,144094],{"id":144093},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144096,127610,144097,144099,144100,144102],{},[15,144098,143468],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144101,143471],{}," for the right side.",[59,144104,1461],{"id":1460},[30,144106,144107,144113,144119,144124,144129],{},[33,144108,144109],{},[587,144110,125737,144111,10333],{"href":123464},[15,144112,123467],{},[33,144114,144115],{},[587,144116,125737,144117,10333],{"href":129318},[15,144118,123908],{},[33,144120,144121],{},[587,144122,144123],{"href":143205},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144125,144126],{},[587,144127,144128],{"href":87188},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144130,144131],{},[587,144132,124492],{"href":50353},[1500,144134,144135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":144137},[144138,144139,144141,144145,144147,144148,144150,144151,144153,144154,144165],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":142790,"depth":98,"text":144140},"What strip() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":144142},[144143,144144],{"id":142913,"depth":332,"text":142905},{"id":142964,"depth":332,"text":142910},{"id":143038,"depth":98,"text":144146},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143304,"depth":98,"text":143305},{"id":143463,"depth":98,"text":144149},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107744,"depth":98,"text":107745},{"id":143719,"depth":98,"text":144152},"When to use strip()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":144155},[144156,144158,144160,144162,144164],{"id":144050,"depth":332,"text":144157},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144061,"depth":332,"text":144159},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144069,"depth":332,"text":144161},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144078,"depth":332,"text":144163},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144093,"depth":332,"text":144094},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142711,"description":144166},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144173,"title":144174,"body":144175,"description":145355,"extension":1552,"meta":145356,"navigation":335,"path":145357,"seo":145358,"stem":145359,"__hash__":145360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144176,"toc":145325},[144177,144182,144187,144192,144194,144240,144248,144253,144267,144273,144275,144277,144292,144294,144304,144307,144338,144341,144364,144366,144369,144426,144428,144442,144444,144458,144464,144469,144472,144513,144515,144524,144532,144535,144580,144582,144591,144594,144598,144603,144617,144619,144651,144653,144673,144676,144681,144686,144688,144699,144702,144759,144761,144769,144778,144780,144782,144788,144790,144827,144829,144837,144839,144880,144882,144891,144896,144901,144903,144930,144937,144940,144971,144973,144982,144988,144997,145028,145030,145042,145055,145059,145064,145094,145096,145163,145165,145175,145177,145182,145185,145190,145195,145199,145205,145211,145214,145216,145274,145276,145284,145286,145322],[10,144178,122737,144180,10916],{"id":144179},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144181,127615],{},[20,144183,122742,144184,144186],{},[15,144185,127615],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144188,83999,144189,144191],{},[15,144190,127615],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[59,144193,62],{"id":61},[64,144195,144197],{"className":66,"code":144196,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144198,144199,144211,144225,144235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144200,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144202,461],{"class":79},[73,144204,84],{"class":83},[73,144206,88],{"class":87},[73,144208,128456],{"class":91},[73,144210,95],{"class":87},[73,144212,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144214,1819],{"class":79},[73,144216,84],{"class":83},[73,144218,42216],{"class":79},[73,144220,817],{"class":105},[73,144222,224],{"class":114},[73,144224,8233],{"class":105},[73,144226,144227,144229,144231,144233],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144228,102],{"class":101},[73,144230,106],{"class":105},[73,144232,1854],{"class":114},[73,144234,854],{"class":105},[73,144236,144237],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144238,144239],{"class":3249},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144241,144242,144244,144245,144247],{},[15,144243,127615],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[55,144246,806],{}," change the original string in place.",[59,144249,236,144251,239],{"id":144250},"what-upper-does",[15,144252,127615],{},[30,144254,144255,144260,144263,144265],{},[33,144256,144257,144259],{},[15,144258,127615],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144261,144262],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144264,132985],{},[33,144266,135703],{},[20,144268,124489,144269,2468,144271,817],{},[587,144270,135709],{"href":135708},[587,144272,124492],{"href":50353},[59,144274,285],{"id":284},[20,144276,1750],{},[64,144278,144280],{"className":66,"code":144279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.upper()\n",[15,144281,144282],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144283,144284,144286,144288,144290],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144285,60555],{"class":79},[73,144287,817],{"class":105},[73,144289,224],{"class":114},[73,144291,8233],{"class":105},[20,144293,261],{},[30,144295,144296,144298,144301],{},[33,144297,96910],{},[33,144299,144300],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144302,144303],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144305,144306],{},"Example with a variable:",[64,144308,144310],{"className":66,"code":144309,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144311,144312,144324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144313,144314,144316,144318,144320,144322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144315,80],{"class":79},[73,144317,84],{"class":83},[73,144319,88],{"class":87},[73,144321,68],{"class":91},[73,144323,95],{"class":87},[73,144325,144326,144328,144330,144332,144334,144336],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144327,102],{"class":101},[73,144329,106],{"class":105},[73,144331,115],{"class":114},[73,144333,817],{"class":105},[73,144335,224],{"class":114},[73,144337,348],{"class":105},[20,144339,144340],{},"Example with a string literal:",[64,144342,144344],{"className":66,"code":144343,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144345,144346],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144347,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356,144358,144360,144362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144349,102],{"class":101},[73,144351,106],{"class":105},[73,144353,384],{"class":87},[73,144355,92],{"class":91},[73,144357,384],{"class":87},[73,144359,817],{"class":105},[73,144361,224],{"class":114},[73,144363,348],{"class":105},[59,144365,11069],{"id":11068},[20,144367,144368],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[64,144370,144372],{"className":66,"code":144371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144373,144374,144386,144401,144405,144415],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144375,144376,144378,144380,144382,144384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144377,5742],{"class":79},[73,144379,84],{"class":83},[73,144381,88],{"class":87},[73,144383,3675],{"class":91},[73,144385,95],{"class":87},[73,144387,144388,144391,144393,144395,144397,144399],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144389,144390],{"class":79},"uppercase_word ",[73,144392,84],{"class":83},[73,144394,37753],{"class":79},[73,144396,817],{"class":105},[73,144398,224],{"class":114},[73,144400,8233],{"class":105},[73,144402,144403],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144404,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144408,102],{"class":101},[73,144410,106],{"class":105},[73,144412,37763],{"class":114},[73,144414,854],{"class":105},[73,144416,144417,144419,144421,144424],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,144418,102],{"class":101},[73,144420,106],{"class":105},[73,144422,144423],{"class":114},"uppercase_word",[73,144425,854],{"class":105},[20,144427,1660],{},[64,144429,144431],{"className":66,"code":144430,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144432,144433,144437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144434,144435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144436,69788],{"class":79},[73,144438,144439],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144440,144441],{"class":198},"BANANA\n",[20,144443,111851],{},[30,144445,144446,144451],{},[33,144447,144448,144450],{},[15,144449,37763],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144452,144453,144455,144456],{},[15,144454,144423],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144457,127615],{},[59,144459,144461,144463],{"id":144460},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144462,127615],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144465,136369,144466,144468],{},[55,144467,136372],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144470,144471],{},"So this method:",[64,144473,144475],{"className":66,"code":144474,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144476,144477,144489,144499,144503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144478,144479,144481,144483,144485,144487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144480,80],{"class":79},[73,144482,84],{"class":83},[73,144484,88],{"class":87},[73,144486,17402],{"class":91},[73,144488,95],{"class":87},[73,144490,144491,144493,144495,144497],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144492,115],{"class":79},[73,144494,817],{"class":105},[73,144496,224],{"class":114},[73,144498,8233],{"class":105},[73,144500,144501],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144502,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,144504,144505,144507,144509,144511],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144506,102],{"class":101},[73,144508,106],{"class":105},[73,144510,115],{"class":114},[73,144512,854],{"class":105},[20,144514,1660],{},[64,144516,144518],{"className":66,"code":144517,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"alice\n",[15,144519,144520],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144521,144522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144523,144517],{"class":79},[20,144525,20577,144526,144528,144529,144531],{},[15,144527,127615],{}," was called, ",[15,144530,115],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144533,144534],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[64,144536,144538],{"className":66,"code":144537,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144539,144540,144552,144566,144570],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144543,80],{"class":79},[73,144545,84],{"class":83},[73,144547,88],{"class":87},[73,144549,17402],{"class":91},[73,144551,95],{"class":87},[73,144553,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144555,80],{"class":79},[73,144557,84],{"class":83},[73,144559,35361],{"class":79},[73,144561,817],{"class":105},[73,144563,224],{"class":114},[73,144565,8233],{"class":105},[73,144567,144568],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144569,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144573,102],{"class":101},[73,144575,106],{"class":105},[73,144577,115],{"class":114},[73,144579,854],{"class":105},[20,144581,1660],{},[64,144583,144585],{"className":66,"code":144584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ALICE\n",[15,144586,144587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144588,144589],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144590,144584],{"class":198},[20,144592,144593],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[59,144595,144597],{"id":144596},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144599,144600,144602],{},[15,144601,127615],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144604,144605,144608,144611,144614],{},[33,144606,144607],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144609,144610],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144612,144613],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144615,144616],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144618,714],{},[64,144620,144622],{"className":66,"code":144621,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144623,144624,144637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632,144635],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144627,461],{"class":79},[73,144629,84],{"class":83},[73,144631,88],{"class":87},[73,144633,144634],{"class":91},"Room 7, table #3!",[73,144636,95],{"class":87},[73,144638,144639,144641,144643,144645,144647,144649],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144640,102],{"class":101},[73,144642,106],{"class":105},[73,144644,482],{"class":114},[73,144646,817],{"class":105},[73,144648,224],{"class":114},[73,144650,348],{"class":105},[20,144652,1660],{},[64,144654,144656],{"className":66,"code":144655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144657,144658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144659,144660,144663,144665,144667,144670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144661,144662],{"class":198},"ROOM",[73,144664,5581],{"class":315},[73,144666,149],{"class":105},[73,144668,144669],{"class":198}," TABLE",[73,144671,144672],{"class":3249}," #3!\n",[20,144674,144675],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[59,144677,4551,144679],{"id":144678},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144680,127615],{},[20,144682,144683,144685],{},[15,144684,127615],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144687,47716],{},[30,144689,144690,144693,144696],{},[33,144691,144692],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144694,144695],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144697,144698],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144700,144701],{},"Example: simple comparison",[64,144703,144705],{"className":66,"code":144704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144706,144707,144719,144723,144745],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144708,144709,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144710,135980],{"class":79},[73,144712,84],{"class":83},[73,144714,88],{"class":87},[73,144716,8248],{"class":91},[73,144718,95],{"class":87},[73,144720,144721],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144722,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,144724,144725,144727,144729,144731,144733,144735,144737,144739,144741,144743],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144726,6588],{"class":646},[73,144728,136000],{"class":79},[73,144730,817],{"class":105},[73,144732,224],{"class":114},[73,144734,6956],{"class":105},[73,144736,5997],{"class":83},[73,144738,88],{"class":87},[73,144740,135987],{"class":91},[73,144742,384],{"class":87},[73,144744,5982],{"class":105},[73,144746,144747,144749,144751,144753,144755,144757],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,144748,7659],{"class":101},[73,144750,106],{"class":105},[73,144752,384],{"class":87},[73,144754,143184],{"class":91},[73,144756,384],{"class":87},[73,144758,854],{"class":105},[20,144760,1660],{},[64,144762,144763],{"className":66,"code":143193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,144764,144765],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144766,144767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144768,143193],{"class":79},[20,144770,144771,144772,995,144774,1782,144776,817],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144773,8248],{},[15,144775,136773],{},[15,144777,135987],{},[59,144779,1207],{"id":1206},[292,144781,95271],{"id":95270},[20,144783,7707,144784,144787],{},[15,144785,144786],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144789,16242],{},[64,144791,144793],{"className":66,"code":144792,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144794,144795,144807,144817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144796,144797,144799,144801,144803,144805],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144798,461],{"class":79},[73,144800,84],{"class":83},[73,144802,88],{"class":87},[73,144804,92],{"class":91},[73,144806,95],{"class":87},[73,144808,144809,144811,144813,144815],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144810,482],{"class":79},[73,144812,817],{"class":105},[73,144814,224],{"class":114},[73,144816,8233],{"class":105},[73,144818,144819,144821,144823,144825],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144820,102],{"class":101},[73,144822,106],{"class":105},[73,144824,482],{"class":114},[73,144826,854],{"class":105},[20,144828,1660],{},[64,144830,144831],{"className":66,"code":138052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,144832,144833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144834,144835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144836,138052],{"class":79},[20,144838,16254],{},[64,144840,144842],{"className":66,"code":144841,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144843,144844,144856,144870],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144845,144846,144848,144850,144852,144854],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144847,461],{"class":79},[73,144849,84],{"class":83},[73,144851,88],{"class":87},[73,144853,92],{"class":91},[73,144855,95],{"class":87},[73,144857,144858,144860,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144859,461],{"class":79},[73,144861,84],{"class":83},[73,144863,42216],{"class":79},[73,144865,817],{"class":105},[73,144867,224],{"class":114},[73,144869,8233],{"class":105},[73,144871,144872,144874,144876,144878],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,144873,102],{"class":101},[73,144875,106],{"class":105},[73,144877,482],{"class":114},[73,144879,854],{"class":105},[20,144881,1660],{},[64,144883,144885],{"className":66,"code":144884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HELLO\n",[15,144886,144887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144888,144889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144890,144884],{"class":198},[292,144892,18506,144894,136659],{"id":144893},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144895,127615],{},[20,144897,144898,144900],{},[15,144899,127615],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144902,714],{},[64,144904,144906],{"className":66,"code":144905,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144907,144908,144916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144909,144910,144912,144914],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144911,1806],{"class":79},[73,144913,84],{"class":83},[73,144915,124419],{"class":315},[73,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144919,102],{"class":101},[73,144921,106],{"class":105},[73,144923,1829],{"class":114},[73,144925,817],{"class":105},[73,144927,224],{"class":114},[73,144929,348],{"class":105},[20,144931,39026,144932,144934,144935,33198],{},[15,144933,1778],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144936,127615],{},[20,144938,144939],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[64,144941,144943],{"className":66,"code":144942,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144944,144945,144953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144946,144947,144949,144951],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144948,1806],{"class":79},[73,144950,84],{"class":83},[73,144952,124419],{"class":315},[73,144954,144955,144957,144959,144961,144963,144965,144967,144969],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,144956,102],{"class":101},[73,144958,106],{"class":105},[73,144960,3031],{"class":1270},[73,144962,106],{"class":105},[73,144964,1829],{"class":114},[73,144966,8223],{"class":105},[73,144968,224],{"class":114},[73,144970,348],{"class":105},[20,144972,1660],{},[64,144974,144976],{"className":66,"code":144975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"123\n",[15,144977,144978],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144979,144980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144981,144975],{"class":315},[292,144983,36575,144985,144987],{"id":144984},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144986,127615],{}," with title case",[20,144989,144990,144992,144993,144996],{},[15,144991,127615],{}," makes ",[55,144994,144995],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[64,144998,145000],{"className":66,"code":144999,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145001,145002,145014],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145003,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145005,461],{"class":79},[73,145007,84],{"class":83},[73,145009,88],{"class":87},[73,145011,59787],{"class":91},[73,145013,95],{"class":87},[73,145015,145016,145018,145020,145022,145024,145026],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145017,102],{"class":101},[73,145019,106],{"class":105},[73,145021,482],{"class":114},[73,145023,817],{"class":105},[73,145025,224],{"class":114},[73,145027,348],{"class":105},[20,145029,1660],{},[64,145031,145033],{"className":66,"code":145032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145034,145035],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145036,145037,145039],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145038,135761],{"class":198},[73,145040,145041],{"class":198}," WORLD\n",[20,145043,145044,145045,145049,145050,145054],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[587,145046,145047],{"href":123464},[15,145048,123467],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[587,145051,145052],{"href":129318},[15,145053,123908],{}," changes parts of a string.",[59,145056,145058],{"id":145057},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145060,145061,145062,2475],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145063,127615],{},[30,145065,145066,145073,145080,145087],{},[33,145067,145068,145072],{},[587,145069,145070],{"href":123464},[15,145071,123467],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145074,145075,145079],{},[587,145076,145077],{"href":136307},[15,145078,41027],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145081,145082,145086],{},[587,145083,145084],{"href":129318},[15,145085,123908],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145088,145089,355,145091,145093],{},[15,145090,127105],{},[15,145092,125795],{}," for checks",[20,145095,714],{},[64,145097,145099],{"className":66,"code":145098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145100,145101,145113,145117,145132,145148,145152],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145102,145103,145105,145107,145109,145111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145104,461],{"class":79},[73,145106,84],{"class":83},[73,145108,88],{"class":87},[73,145110,142835],{"class":91},[73,145112,95],{"class":87},[73,145114,145115],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145116,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,145118,145119,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,145120,145121],{"class":79},"cleaned ",[73,145123,84],{"class":83},[73,145125,42216],{"class":79},[73,145127,817],{"class":105},[73,145129,506],{"class":114},[73,145131,8233],{"class":105},[73,145133,145134,145137,145139,145142,145144,145146],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,145135,145136],{"class":79},"loud ",[73,145138,84],{"class":83},[73,145140,145141],{"class":79}," cleaned",[73,145143,817],{"class":105},[73,145145,224],{"class":114},[73,145147,8233],{"class":105},[73,145149,145150],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,145151,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,145153,145154,145156,145158,145161],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,145155,102],{"class":101},[73,145157,106],{"class":105},[73,145159,145160],{"class":114},"loud",[73,145162,854],{"class":105},[20,145164,1660],{},[64,145166,145167],{"className":66,"code":145032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145168,145169],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145170,145171,145173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145172,135761],{"class":198},[73,145174,145041],{"class":198},[59,145176,1405],{"id":1404},[292,145178,12300,145180,124064],{"id":145179},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145181,127615],{},[20,145183,145184],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[292,145186,12300,145188,137041],{"id":145187},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145189,127615],{},[20,145191,145192,145193,817],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145194,144786],{},[292,145196,145198],{"id":145197},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145200,145201,145202,145204],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145203,127615],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[292,145206,27925,145208,145210],{"id":145207},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145209,127615],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145212,145213],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145215,714],{},[64,145217,145219],{"className":66,"code":145218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145220,145221,145233,145246,145250],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145222,145223,145225,145227,145229,145231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145224,2145],{"class":79},[73,145226,84],{"class":83},[73,145228,88],{"class":87},[73,145230,68],{"class":91},[73,145232,95],{"class":87},[73,145234,145235,145237,145239,145241,145244],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145236,2173],{"class":79},[73,145238,84],{"class":83},[73,145240,88],{"class":87},[73,145242,145243],{"class":91},"PYTHON",[73,145245,95],{"class":87},[73,145247,145248],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,145249,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,145253,102],{"class":101},[73,145255,106],{"class":105},[73,145257,587],{"class":114},[73,145259,817],{"class":105},[73,145261,224],{"class":114},[73,145263,6956],{"class":105},[73,145265,5997],{"class":83},[73,145267,2150],{"class":114},[73,145269,817],{"class":105},[73,145271,224],{"class":114},[73,145273,348],{"class":105},[20,145275,1660],{},[64,145277,145278],{"className":66,"code":3566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145279,145280],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145281,145282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145283,3566],{"class":3438},[59,145285,1461],{"id":1460},[30,145287,145288,145292,145298,145304,145310,145314,145318],{},[33,145289,145290],{},[587,145291,124492],{"href":50353},[33,145293,145294],{},[587,145295,125737,145296,10333],{"href":123464},[15,145297,123467],{},[33,145299,145300],{},[587,145301,125737,145302,10333],{"href":136307},[15,145303,41027],{},[33,145305,145306],{},[587,145307,125737,145308,10333],{"href":129318},[15,145309,123908],{},[33,145311,145312],{},[587,145313,90065],{"href":89074},[33,145315,145316],{},[587,145317,124136],{"href":122992},[33,145319,145320],{},[587,145321,137127],{"href":135708},[1500,145323,145324],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":145326},[145327,145328,145330,145331,145332,145334,145335,145337,145344,145345,145354],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":144250,"depth":98,"text":145329},"What upper() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":144460,"depth":98,"text":145333},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144596,"depth":98,"text":144597},{"id":144678,"depth":98,"text":145336},"When to use upper()",{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":145338},[145339,145340,145342],{"id":95270,"depth":332,"text":95271},{"id":144893,"depth":332,"text":145341},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144984,"depth":332,"text":145343},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145057,"depth":98,"text":145058},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":145346},[145347,145349,145351,145352],{"id":145179,"depth":332,"text":145348},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145187,"depth":332,"text":145350},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145197,"depth":332,"text":145198},{"id":145207,"depth":332,"text":145353},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144174,"description":145355},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145362,"title":145363,"body":145364,"description":147241,"extension":1552,"meta":147242,"navigation":335,"path":147243,"seo":147244,"stem":147245,"__hash__":147246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145365,"toc":147191},[145366,145372,145379,145385,145387,145443,145448,145453,145458,145461,145480,145483,145485,145509,145527,145538,145540,145543,145596,145598,145606,145608,145626,145631,145634,145691,145693,145702,145705,145725,145728,145734,145739,145741,145784,145786,145794,145797,145838,145840,145849,145855,145861,145888,145890,145898,145903,145907,145919,145962,145964,145972,145977,145983,145988,145992,145994,146037,146040,146087,146089,146098,146105,146109,146112,146158,146163,146167,146169,146212,146215,146223,146225,146230,146232,146234,146253,146256,146268,146270,146289,146291,146299,146303,146305,146356,146359,146434,146436,146444,146447,146451,146453,146500,146503,146574,146576,146584,146590,146592,146667,146671,146750,146752,146760,146766,146772,146777,146782,146831,146835,146906,146909,146914,146925,146928,146939,146949,146951,146956,146981,146986,147067,147069,147094,147096,147101,147104,147110,147119,147125,147128,147134,147140,147147,147150,147152,147188],[10,145367,13,145369,18],{"id":145368},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145370,145371],{},"sum()",[20,145373,8714,145374,145376,145377,24363],{},[15,145375,145371],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145378,59379],{},[20,145380,145381,145382,145384],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145383,35442],{}," value and a few important limits.",[59,145386,62],{"id":61},[64,145388,145390],{"className":66,"code":145389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145391,145392,145416,145431],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145393,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410,145412,145414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145395,523],{"class":79},[73,145397,84],{"class":83},[73,145399,528],{"class":105},[73,145401,404],{"class":315},[73,145403,149],{"class":105},[73,145405,409],{"class":315},[73,145407,149],{"class":105},[73,145409,414],{"class":315},[73,145411,149],{"class":105},[73,145413,2047],{"class":315},[73,145415,229],{"class":105},[73,145417,145418,145420,145422,145425,145427,145429],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145419,40556],{"class":79},[73,145421,84],{"class":83},[73,145423,145424],{"class":101}," sum",[73,145426,106],{"class":105},[73,145428,553],{"class":114},[73,145430,854],{"class":105},[73,145432,145433,145435,145437,145439,145441],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,145434,102],{"class":101},[73,145436,106],{"class":105},[73,145438,40585],{"class":114},[73,145440,3246],{"class":105},[73,145442,26391],{"class":3249},[20,145444,121,145445,145447],{},[15,145446,145371],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[59,145449,236,145451,239],{"id":145450},"what-sum-does",[15,145452,145371],{},[20,145454,145455,145457],{},[15,145456,145371],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145459,145460],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145462,145463,145466,145469,145474],{},[33,145464,145465],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145467,145468],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145470,145471,145472],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145473,35568],{},[33,145475,145476,145477,145479],{},"Counting ",[15,145478,3190],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145481,145482],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[59,145484,285],{"id":284},[64,145486,145488],{"className":66,"code":145487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145489,145490],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145491,145492,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145493,145494],{"class":101},"sum",[73,145496,106],{"class":105},[73,145498,3306],{"class":114},[73,145500,149],{"class":105},[73,145502,35421],{"class":8767},[73,145504,84],{"class":83},[73,145506,1710],{"class":315},[73,145508,854],{"class":105},[30,145510,145511,145516,145521],{},[33,145512,145513,145515],{},[15,145514,3306],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145517,145518,145520],{},[15,145519,35442],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145522,145523,145524],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145525,145526],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145528,145529,145530,145533,145534,817],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145531,145532,3306],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[587,145535,145536,24217],{"href":35565},[15,145537,35568],{},[59,145539,11069],{"id":11068},[20,145541,145542],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[64,145544,145546],{"className":66,"code":145545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145547,145548,145568,145582,145586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145549,145550,145552,145554,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564,145566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145551,523],{"class":79},[73,145553,84],{"class":83},[73,145555,528],{"class":105},[73,145557,1727],{"class":315},[73,145559,149],{"class":105},[73,145561,5592],{"class":315},[73,145563,149],{"class":105},[73,145565,37308],{"class":315},[73,145567,229],{"class":105},[73,145569,145570,145572,145574,145576,145578,145580],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145571,40556],{"class":79},[73,145573,84],{"class":83},[73,145575,145424],{"class":101},[73,145577,106],{"class":105},[73,145579,553],{"class":114},[73,145581,854],{"class":105},[73,145583,145584],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,145585,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,145587,145588,145590,145592,145594],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,145589,102],{"class":101},[73,145591,106],{"class":105},[73,145593,40585],{"class":114},[73,145595,854],{"class":105},[20,145597,1660],{},[64,145599,145600],{"className":66,"code":69222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145601,145602],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145603,145604],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145605,69222],{"class":315},[20,145607,11278],{},[30,145609,145610,145615,145621],{},[33,145611,145612,145614],{},[15,145613,553],{}," contains three integers",[33,145616,145617,145620],{},[15,145618,145619],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145622,145623,145624],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145625,40585],{},[59,145627,35983,145629,8024],{"id":145628},"using-the-start-value",[15,145630,35442],{},[20,145632,145633],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[64,145635,145637],{"className":66,"code":145636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145638,145639,145659,145677,145681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145640,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649,145651,145653,145655,145657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145642,523],{"class":79},[73,145644,84],{"class":83},[73,145646,528],{"class":105},[73,145648,404],{"class":315},[73,145650,149],{"class":105},[73,145652,409],{"class":315},[73,145654,149],{"class":105},[73,145656,414],{"class":315},[73,145658,229],{"class":105},[73,145660,145661,145663,145665,145667,145669,145671,145673,145675],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145662,40556],{"class":79},[73,145664,84],{"class":83},[73,145666,145424],{"class":101},[73,145668,106],{"class":105},[73,145670,553],{"class":114},[73,145672,149],{"class":105},[73,145674,5592],{"class":315},[73,145676,854],{"class":105},[73,145678,145679],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,145680,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,145682,145683,145685,145687,145689],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,145684,102],{"class":101},[73,145686,106],{"class":105},[73,145688,40585],{"class":114},[73,145690,854],{"class":105},[20,145692,1660],{},[64,145694,145696],{"className":66,"code":145695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"16\n",[15,145697,145698],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145699,145700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145701,145695],{"class":315},[20,145703,145704],{},"This works like:",[30,145706,145707,145712,145717,145721],{},[33,145708,145709,145710],{},"Start at ",[15,145711,1920],{},[33,145713,145714,145715],{},"Add ",[15,145716,404],{},[33,145718,145714,145719],{},[15,145720,1646],{},[33,145722,145714,145723],{},[15,145724,1652],{},[20,145726,145727],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[59,145729,236,145731,145733],{"id":145730},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145732,145371],{}," can work with",[20,145735,145736,145738],{},[15,145737,145371],{}," works with numeric values.",[292,145740,39798],{"id":39797},[64,145742,145744],{"className":66,"code":145743,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145745,145746,145770],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145747,145748,145750,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145749,3409],{"class":79},[73,145751,84],{"class":83},[73,145753,528],{"class":105},[73,145755,404],{"class":315},[73,145757,149],{"class":105},[73,145759,409],{"class":315},[73,145761,149],{"class":105},[73,145763,414],{"class":315},[73,145765,149],{"class":105},[73,145767,2047],{"class":315},[73,145769,229],{"class":105},[73,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145773,102],{"class":101},[73,145775,106],{"class":105},[73,145777,145494],{"class":101},[73,145779,106],{"class":105},[73,145781,4945],{"class":114},[73,145783,118],{"class":105},[20,145785,1660],{},[64,145787,145788],{"className":66,"code":1966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145789,145790],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145791,145792],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145793,1966],{"class":315},[292,145795,145796],{"id":51424},"Floats",[64,145798,145800],{"className":66,"code":145799,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145801,145802,145824],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145803,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812,145814,145817,145819,145822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145805,82430],{"class":79},[73,145807,84],{"class":83},[73,145809,528],{"class":105},[73,145811,40532],{"class":315},[73,145813,149],{"class":105},[73,145815,145816],{"class":315}," 3.75",[73,145818,149],{"class":105},[73,145820,145821],{"class":315}," 1.25",[73,145823,229],{"class":105},[73,145825,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145827,102],{"class":101},[73,145829,106],{"class":105},[73,145831,145494],{"class":101},[73,145833,106],{"class":105},[73,145835,82466],{"class":114},[73,145837,118],{"class":105},[20,145839,1660],{},[64,145841,145843],{"className":66,"code":145842,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.5\n",[15,145844,145845],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145846,145847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145848,145842],{"class":315},[20,145850,145851,145852,817],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[587,145853,145854],{"href":2009},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[292,145856,145858,145859],{"id":145857},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145860,35568],{},[64,145862,145864],{"className":66,"code":145863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145865,145866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145867,145868,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145869,102],{"class":101},[73,145871,106],{"class":105},[73,145873,145494],{"class":101},[73,145875,106],{"class":105},[73,145877,59379],{"class":101},[73,145879,106],{"class":105},[73,145881,404],{"class":315},[73,145883,149],{"class":105},[73,145885,37015],{"class":315},[73,145887,2503],{"class":105},[20,145889,1660],{},[64,145891,145892],{"className":66,"code":46417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145893,145894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145895,145896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145897,46417],{"class":315},[20,145899,112941,145900,817],{},[15,145901,145902],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[292,145904,145906],{"id":145905},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145908,145909,145910,145912,145913,355,145915,145912,145917,817],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145911,3190],{}," acts like ",[15,145914,404],{},[15,145916,3260],{},[15,145918,1710],{},[64,145920,145922],{"className":66,"code":145921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145923,145924,145948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145925,145926,145928,145930,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145927,51344],{"class":79},[73,145929,84],{"class":83},[73,145931,528],{"class":105},[73,145933,3190],{"class":3438},[73,145935,149],{"class":105},[73,145937,3493],{"class":3438},[73,145939,149],{"class":105},[73,145941,3502],{"class":3438},[73,145943,149],{"class":105},[73,145945,3502],{"class":3438},[73,145947,229],{"class":105},[73,145949,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,145951,102],{"class":101},[73,145953,106],{"class":105},[73,145955,145494],{"class":101},[73,145957,106],{"class":105},[73,145959,51397],{"class":114},[73,145961,118],{"class":105},[20,145963,1660],{},[64,145965,145966],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145967,145968],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145969,145970],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145971,45993],{"class":315},[20,145973,145974,145975,817],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145976,3190],{},[59,145978,236,145980,145982],{"id":145979},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145981,145371],{}," does not work with",[20,145984,145985,145987],{},[15,145986,145371],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[292,145989,145991],{"id":145990},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145993,2426],{},[64,145995,145997],{"className":66,"code":145996,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145998,145999,146023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146000,146001,146003,146005,146007,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017,146019,146021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146002,3657],{"class":79},[73,146004,84],{"class":83},[73,146006,528],{"class":105},[73,146008,384],{"class":87},[73,146010,92],{"class":91},[73,146012,384],{"class":87},[73,146014,149],{"class":105},[73,146016,88],{"class":87},[73,146018,59972],{"class":91},[73,146020,384],{"class":87},[73,146022,229],{"class":105},[73,146024,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146026,102],{"class":101},[73,146028,106],{"class":105},[73,146030,145494],{"class":101},[73,146032,106],{"class":105},[73,146034,3701],{"class":114},[73,146036,118],{"class":105},[20,146038,146039],{},"Use string joining instead:",[64,146041,146043],{"className":66,"code":146042,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146044,146045,146069],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146046,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065,146067],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146048,3657],{"class":79},[73,146050,84],{"class":83},[73,146052,528],{"class":105},[73,146054,384],{"class":87},[73,146056,92],{"class":91},[73,146058,384],{"class":87},[73,146060,149],{"class":105},[73,146062,88],{"class":87},[73,146064,59972],{"class":91},[73,146066,384],{"class":87},[73,146068,229],{"class":105},[73,146070,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083,146085],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146072,102],{"class":101},[73,146074,106],{"class":105},[73,146076,5860],{"class":87},[73,146078,817],{"class":105},[73,146080,132896],{"class":114},[73,146082,106],{"class":105},[73,146084,3701],{"class":114},[73,146086,118],{"class":105},[20,146088,1660],{},[64,146090,146092],{"className":66,"code":146091,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"helloworld\n",[15,146093,146094],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146095,146096],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146097,146091],{"class":79},[20,146099,146100,146101,817],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[587,146102,146103,5370],{"href":41549},[15,146104,47060],{},[292,146106,146108],{"id":146107},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146110,146111],{},"This also causes an error:",[64,146113,146115],{"className":66,"code":146114,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146116,146117,146144],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146118,146119,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146120,146121],{"class":79},"lists ",[73,146123,84],{"class":83},[73,146125,55673],{"class":105},[73,146127,404],{"class":315},[73,146129,149],{"class":105},[73,146131,409],{"class":315},[73,146133,17661],{"class":105},[73,146135,528],{"class":105},[73,146137,1652],{"class":315},[73,146139,149],{"class":105},[73,146141,2047],{"class":315},[73,146143,52621],{"class":105},[73,146145,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146147,102],{"class":101},[73,146149,106],{"class":105},[73,146151,145494],{"class":101},[73,146153,106],{"class":105},[73,146155,428],{"class":114},[73,146157,118],{"class":105},[20,146159,146160,146162],{},[15,146161,145371],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[292,146164,146166],{"id":146165},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146168,820],{},[64,146170,146172],{"className":66,"code":146171,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146173,146174,146198],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146175,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146177,3409],{"class":79},[73,146179,84],{"class":83},[73,146181,528],{"class":105},[73,146183,404],{"class":315},[73,146185,149],{"class":105},[73,146187,409],{"class":315},[73,146189,149],{"class":105},[73,146191,88],{"class":87},[73,146193,1652],{"class":91},[73,146195,384],{"class":87},[73,146197,229],{"class":105},[73,146199,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146201,102],{"class":101},[73,146203,106],{"class":105},[73,146205,145494],{"class":101},[73,146207,106],{"class":105},[73,146209,4945],{"class":114},[73,146211,118],{"class":105},[20,146213,146214],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146216,146217,146218,146220,146221,817],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146219,65327],{},", convert them first. See ",[587,146222,2554],{"href":2553},[59,146224,40878],{"id":40877},[20,146226,146227,146228,817],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146229,145371],{},[292,146231,6114],{"id":6113},[20,146233,4114],{},[64,146235,146237],{"className":66,"code":146236,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146238,146239],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146242,102],{"class":101},[73,146244,106],{"class":105},[73,146246,145494],{"class":101},[73,146248,106],{"class":105},[73,146250,1727],{"class":315},[73,146252,118],{"class":105},[20,146254,146255],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146257,146258,146263],{},[33,146259,146260,146262],{},[15,146261,1727],{}," is a single integer",[33,146264,146265,146267],{},[15,146266,145371],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146269,6144],{},[64,146271,146273],{"className":66,"code":146272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146274,146275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146276,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146278,102],{"class":101},[73,146280,106],{"class":105},[73,146282,145494],{"class":101},[73,146284,401],{"class":105},[73,146286,1727],{"class":315},[73,146288,417],{"class":105},[20,146290,1660],{},[64,146292,146293],{"className":66,"code":2538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146294,146295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146296,146297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146298,2538],{"class":315},[292,146300,146302],{"id":146301},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146304,4114],{},[64,146306,146308],{"className":66,"code":146307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146309,146310,146342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146311,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146313,3409],{"class":79},[73,146315,84],{"class":83},[73,146317,528],{"class":105},[73,146319,384],{"class":87},[73,146321,404],{"class":91},[73,146323,384],{"class":87},[73,146325,149],{"class":105},[73,146327,88],{"class":87},[73,146329,1646],{"class":91},[73,146331,384],{"class":87},[73,146333,149],{"class":105},[73,146335,88],{"class":87},[73,146337,1652],{"class":91},[73,146339,384],{"class":87},[73,146341,229],{"class":105},[73,146343,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146345,102],{"class":101},[73,146347,106],{"class":105},[73,146349,145494],{"class":101},[73,146351,106],{"class":105},[73,146353,4945],{"class":114},[73,146355,118],{"class":105},[20,146357,146358],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[64,146360,146362],{"className":66,"code":146361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146363,146364,146396,146424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146365,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146367,3409],{"class":79},[73,146369,84],{"class":83},[73,146371,528],{"class":105},[73,146373,384],{"class":87},[73,146375,404],{"class":91},[73,146377,384],{"class":87},[73,146379,149],{"class":105},[73,146381,88],{"class":87},[73,146383,1646],{"class":91},[73,146385,384],{"class":87},[73,146387,149],{"class":105},[73,146389,88],{"class":87},[73,146391,1652],{"class":91},[73,146393,384],{"class":87},[73,146395,229],{"class":105},[73,146397,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146399,40556],{"class":79},[73,146401,84],{"class":83},[73,146403,145424],{"class":101},[73,146405,106],{"class":105},[73,146407,1778],{"class":1270},[73,146409,106],{"class":105},[73,146411,354],{"class":114},[73,146413,3246],{"class":105},[73,146415,3463],{"class":646},[73,146417,3466],{"class":114},[73,146419,3469],{"class":646},[73,146421,3472],{"class":114},[73,146423,854],{"class":105},[73,146425,146426,146428,146430,146432],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,146427,102],{"class":101},[73,146429,106],{"class":105},[73,146431,40585],{"class":114},[73,146433,854],{"class":105},[20,146435,1660],{},[64,146437,146438],{"className":66,"code":2245,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146439,146440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146441,146442],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146443,2245],{"class":315},[20,146445,146446],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[292,146448,146450],{"id":146449},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146452,4114],{},[64,146454,146456],{"className":66,"code":146455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146457,146458,146486],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146461,3409],{"class":79},[73,146463,84],{"class":83},[73,146465,528],{"class":105},[73,146467,404],{"class":315},[73,146469,149],{"class":105},[73,146471,409],{"class":315},[73,146473,149],{"class":105},[73,146475,88],{"class":87},[73,146477,1652],{"class":91},[73,146479,384],{"class":87},[73,146481,149],{"class":105},[73,146483,2047],{"class":315},[73,146485,229],{"class":105},[73,146487,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146489,102],{"class":101},[73,146491,106],{"class":105},[73,146493,145494],{"class":101},[73,146495,106],{"class":105},[73,146497,4945],{"class":114},[73,146499,118],{"class":105},[20,146501,146502],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[64,146504,146506],{"className":66,"code":146505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146507,146508,146536,146564],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146509,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146511,3409],{"class":79},[73,146513,84],{"class":83},[73,146515,528],{"class":105},[73,146517,404],{"class":315},[73,146519,149],{"class":105},[73,146521,409],{"class":315},[73,146523,149],{"class":105},[73,146525,88],{"class":87},[73,146527,1652],{"class":91},[73,146529,384],{"class":87},[73,146531,149],{"class":105},[73,146533,2047],{"class":315},[73,146535,229],{"class":105},[73,146537,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146539,40556],{"class":79},[73,146541,84],{"class":83},[73,146543,145424],{"class":101},[73,146545,106],{"class":105},[73,146547,1778],{"class":1270},[73,146549,106],{"class":105},[73,146551,354],{"class":114},[73,146553,3246],{"class":105},[73,146555,3463],{"class":646},[73,146557,3466],{"class":114},[73,146559,3469],{"class":646},[73,146561,3472],{"class":114},[73,146563,854],{"class":105},[73,146565,146566,146568,146570,146572],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,146567,102],{"class":101},[73,146569,106],{"class":105},[73,146571,40585],{"class":114},[73,146573,854],{"class":105},[20,146575,1660],{},[64,146577,146578],{"className":66,"code":1966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146579,146580],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146581,146582],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146583,1966],{"class":315},[292,146585,438,146587,146589],{"id":146586},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146588,145371],{}," to join text",[20,146591,4114],{},[64,146593,146595],{"className":66,"code":146594,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146596,146597,146653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146598,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146600,35460],{"class":79},[73,146602,84],{"class":83},[73,146604,528],{"class":105},[73,146606,384],{"class":87},[73,146608,133495],{"class":91},[73,146610,384],{"class":87},[73,146612,149],{"class":105},[73,146614,88],{"class":87},[73,146616,11340],{"class":91},[73,146618,384],{"class":87},[73,146620,149],{"class":105},[73,146622,88],{"class":87},[73,146624,62668],{"class":91},[73,146626,384],{"class":87},[73,146628,149],{"class":105},[73,146630,88],{"class":87},[73,146632,59819],{"class":91},[73,146634,384],{"class":87},[73,146636,149],{"class":105},[73,146638,88],{"class":87},[73,146640,59854],{"class":91},[73,146642,384],{"class":87},[73,146644,149],{"class":105},[73,146646,88],{"class":87},[73,146648,75412],{"class":91},[73,146650,384],{"class":87},[73,146652,229],{"class":105},[73,146654,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146656,102],{"class":101},[73,146658,106],{"class":105},[73,146660,145494],{"class":101},[73,146662,106],{"class":105},[73,146664,35513],{"class":114},[73,146666,118],{"class":105},[20,146668,121,146669,59913],{},[15,146670,132819],{},[64,146672,146674],{"className":66,"code":146673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146675,146676,146732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146677,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146679,35460],{"class":79},[73,146681,84],{"class":83},[73,146683,528],{"class":105},[73,146685,384],{"class":87},[73,146687,133495],{"class":91},[73,146689,384],{"class":87},[73,146691,149],{"class":105},[73,146693,88],{"class":87},[73,146695,11340],{"class":91},[73,146697,384],{"class":87},[73,146699,149],{"class":105},[73,146701,88],{"class":87},[73,146703,62668],{"class":91},[73,146705,384],{"class":87},[73,146707,149],{"class":105},[73,146709,88],{"class":87},[73,146711,59819],{"class":91},[73,146713,384],{"class":87},[73,146715,149],{"class":105},[73,146717,88],{"class":87},[73,146719,59854],{"class":91},[73,146721,384],{"class":87},[73,146723,149],{"class":105},[73,146725,88],{"class":87},[73,146727,75412],{"class":91},[73,146729,384],{"class":87},[73,146731,229],{"class":105},[73,146733,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146735,102],{"class":101},[73,146737,106],{"class":105},[73,146739,5860],{"class":87},[73,146741,817],{"class":105},[73,146743,132896],{"class":114},[73,146745,106],{"class":105},[73,146747,35513],{"class":114},[73,146749,118],{"class":105},[20,146751,1660],{},[64,146753,146754],{"className":66,"code":133576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146755,146756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146757,146758],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146759,133576],{"class":79},[20,146761,146762,146763,817],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[587,146764,146765],{"href":134657},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[59,146767,146769,146771],{"id":146768},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146770,145371],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146773,146774,146776],{},[15,146775,145371],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[292,146778,438,146780],{"id":146779},"using-sum",[15,146781,145371],{},[64,146783,146785],{"className":66,"code":146784,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146786,146787,146807,146821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146788,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146790,523],{"class":79},[73,146792,84],{"class":83},[73,146794,528],{"class":105},[73,146796,2095],{"class":315},[73,146798,149],{"class":105},[73,146800,5581],{"class":315},[73,146802,149],{"class":105},[73,146804,53515],{"class":315},[73,146806,229],{"class":105},[73,146808,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146810,40556],{"class":79},[73,146812,84],{"class":83},[73,146814,145424],{"class":101},[73,146816,106],{"class":105},[73,146818,553],{"class":114},[73,146820,854],{"class":105},[73,146822,146823,146825,146827,146829],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,146824,102],{"class":101},[73,146826,106],{"class":105},[73,146828,40585],{"class":114},[73,146830,854],{"class":105},[292,146832,146834],{"id":146833},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[64,146836,146838],{"className":66,"code":146837,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146839,146840,146860,146868,146872,146884,146892,146896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146841,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146843,523],{"class":79},[73,146845,84],{"class":83},[73,146847,528],{"class":105},[73,146849,2095],{"class":315},[73,146851,149],{"class":105},[73,146853,5581],{"class":315},[73,146855,149],{"class":105},[73,146857,53515],{"class":315},[73,146859,229],{"class":105},[73,146861,146862,146864,146866],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,146863,40556],{"class":79},[73,146865,84],{"class":83},[73,146867,37885],{"class":315},[73,146869,146870],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,146871,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,146873,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,146875,5545],{"class":646},[73,146877,5975],{"class":79},[73,146879,3469],{"class":646},[73,146881,3851],{"class":79},[73,146883,5982],{"class":105},[73,146885,146886,146888,146890],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,146887,89489],{"class":79},[73,146889,89492],{"class":83},[73,146891,89495],{"class":79},[73,146893,146894],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,146895,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,146897,146898,146900,146902,146904],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,146899,102],{"class":101},[73,146901,106],{"class":105},[73,146903,40585],{"class":114},[73,146905,854],{"class":105},[20,146907,146908],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146910,2079,146911,146913],{},[15,146912,145371],{}," is often better:",[30,146915,146916,146919,146922],{},[33,146917,146918],{},"Shorter code",[33,146920,146921],{},"Easier to read",[33,146923,146924],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146926,146927],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,146929,146930,146933,146936],{},[33,146931,146932],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,146934,146935],{},"You need extra checks",[33,146937,146938],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146940,146941,146942,146945,146946,146948],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[587,146943,146944],{"href":39381},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146947,145371],{}," on the filtered result.",[59,146950,1207],{"id":1206},[20,146952,146953,146954,2475],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146955,145371],{},[30,146957,146958,146964,146971,146978],{},[33,146959,146960,146961],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146962,146963],{},"sum(5)",[33,146965,146966,146967,146970],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146968,146969],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,146972,438,146973,146975,146976],{},[15,146974,145371],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146977,132819],{},[33,146979,146980],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146982,8466,146983,146985],{},[15,146984,145371],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[64,146987,146989],{"className":66,"code":146988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146990,146991,147001,147015,147039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146992,146993,146995,146997,146999],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146994,102],{"class":101},[73,146996,106],{"class":105},[73,146998,4945],{"class":114},[73,147000,854],{"class":105},[73,147002,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147004,102],{"class":101},[73,147006,106],{"class":105},[73,147008,1271],{"class":1270},[73,147010,106],{"class":105},[73,147012,4945],{"class":114},[73,147014,118],{"class":105},[73,147016,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147018,102],{"class":101},[73,147020,401],{"class":105},[73,147022,1271],{"class":1270},[73,147024,106],{"class":105},[73,147026,354],{"class":114},[73,147028,3246],{"class":105},[73,147030,3463],{"class":646},[73,147032,3466],{"class":114},[73,147034,3469],{"class":646},[73,147036,3472],{"class":114},[73,147038,3475],{"class":105},[73,147040,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,147042,102],{"class":101},[73,147044,106],{"class":105},[73,147046,145494],{"class":101},[73,147048,401],{"class":105},[73,147050,1778],{"class":1270},[73,147052,106],{"class":105},[73,147054,354],{"class":114},[73,147056,3246],{"class":105},[73,147058,3463],{"class":646},[73,147060,3466],{"class":114},[73,147062,3469],{"class":646},[73,147064,3472],{"class":114},[73,147066,417],{"class":105},[20,147068,135390],{},[30,147070,147071,147077,147083,147088],{},[33,147072,147073,147076],{},[15,147074,147075],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147078,147079,147082],{},[15,147080,147081],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147084,147085,135412],{},[15,147086,147087],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147089,147090,147093],{},[15,147091,147092],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[59,147095,1405],{"id":1404},[292,147097,1409,147099,1412],{"id":147098},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147100,145371],{},[20,147102,147103],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[292,147105,1446,147107,147109],{"id":147106},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147108,145371],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147111,29868,147112,2468,147115,147118],{},[15,147113,147114],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147116,147117],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[292,147120,1446,147122,147124],{"id":147121},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147123,145371],{}," work with floats?",[20,147126,147127],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[292,147129,147131,147132,1424],{"id":147130},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147133,145371],{},[20,147135,147136,147137,147139],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147138,35442],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[292,147141,4747,147143,118775,147145,1424],{"id":147142},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147144,145371],{},[15,147146,2594],{},[20,147148,147149],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[59,147151,1461],{"id":1460},[30,147153,147154,147158,147164,147170,147176,147180,147184],{},[33,147155,147156],{},[587,147157,145854],{"href":2009},[33,147159,147160],{},[587,147161,13,147162,1470],{"href":35565},[15,147163,35568],{},[33,147165,147166],{},[587,147167,13,147168,1470],{"href":41732},[15,147169,41735],{},[33,147171,147172],{},[587,147173,13,147174,1470],{"href":41549},[15,147175,47060],{},[33,147177,147178],{},[587,147179,4809],{"href":39381},[33,147181,147182],{},[587,147183,3113],{"href":2553},[33,147185,147186],{},[587,147187,146765],{"href":134657},[1500,147189,147190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":147192},[147193,147194,147196,147197,147198,147200,147208,147214,147221,147227,147228,147240],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":145450,"depth":98,"text":147195},"What sum() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":145628,"depth":98,"text":147199},"Using the start value",{"id":145730,"depth":98,"text":147201,"children":147202},"What sum() can work with",[147203,147204,147205,147207],{"id":39797,"depth":332,"text":39798},{"id":51424,"depth":332,"text":145796},{"id":145857,"depth":332,"text":147206},"Values from range()",{"id":145905,"depth":332,"text":145906},{"id":145979,"depth":98,"text":147209,"children":147210},"What sum() does not work with",[147211,147212,147213],{"id":145990,"depth":332,"text":145991},{"id":146107,"depth":332,"text":146108},{"id":146165,"depth":332,"text":146166},{"id":40877,"depth":98,"text":40878,"children":147215},[147216,147217,147218,147219],{"id":6113,"depth":332,"text":6114},{"id":146301,"depth":332,"text":146302},{"id":146449,"depth":332,"text":146450},{"id":146586,"depth":332,"text":147220},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146768,"depth":98,"text":147222,"children":147223},"sum() vs manual loop",[147224,147226],{"id":146779,"depth":332,"text":147225},"Using sum()",{"id":146833,"depth":332,"text":146834},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":147229},[147230,147232,147234,147236,147238],{"id":147098,"depth":332,"text":147231},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147106,"depth":332,"text":147233},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147121,"depth":332,"text":147235},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147130,"depth":332,"text":147237},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147142,"depth":332,"text":147239},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145363,"description":147241},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147248,"title":147249,"body":147250,"description":148652,"extension":1552,"meta":148653,"navigation":335,"path":148654,"seo":148655,"stem":148656,"__hash__":148657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147251,"toc":148620},[147252,147258,147264,147267,147330,147336,147341,147345,147362,147376,147380,147400,147414,147416,147509,147511,147525,147527,147530,147619,147621,147629,147638,147640,147644,147665,147667,147759,147761,147782,147784,147788,147802,147804,147878,147880,147899,147903,147906,147929,147931,148042,148049,148057,148059,148065,148068,148111,148114,148137,148145,148149,148224,148230,148255,148262,148265,148268,148272,148277,148365,148373,148377,148380,148405,148409,148470,148474,148523,148533,148535,148540,148543,148549,148552,148556,148560,148566,148569,148577,148585,148587,148617],[10,147253,147255,147256,10916],{"id":147254},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147257,56670],{},[20,147259,147260,147263],{},[15,147261,147262],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147265,147266],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[64,147268,147270],{"className":66,"code":147269,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147271,147272,147300,147318],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147273,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147275,523],{"class":79},[73,147277,84],{"class":83},[73,147279,8828],{"class":105},[73,147281,404],{"class":315},[73,147283,149],{"class":105},[73,147285,409],{"class":315},[73,147287,149],{"class":105},[73,147289,409],{"class":315},[73,147291,149],{"class":105},[73,147293,414],{"class":315},[73,147295,149],{"class":105},[73,147297,409],{"class":315},[73,147299,854],{"class":105},[73,147301,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147303,1819],{"class":79},[73,147305,84],{"class":83},[73,147307,3851],{"class":79},[73,147309,817],{"class":105},[73,147311,40633],{"class":114},[73,147313,106],{"class":105},[73,147315,1646],{"class":315},[73,147317,854],{"class":105},[73,147319,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147321,102],{"class":101},[73,147323,106],{"class":105},[73,147325,1854],{"class":114},[73,147327,3246],{"class":105},[73,147329,50148],{"class":3249},[20,147331,121,147332,147335],{},[15,147333,147334],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[59,147337,236,147339,239],{"id":147338},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147340,147262],{},[20,147342,147343,2475],{},[15,147344,147334],{},[30,147346,147347,147353,147356,147359],{},[33,147348,147349,147350,147352],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147351,2063],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147354,147355],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147357,147358],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147360,147361],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147363,147364,147365,147367,147368,2468,147372,817],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147366,56670],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[587,147369,147371],{"href":147370},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[587,147373,147375],{"href":147374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[59,147377,147379],{"id":147378},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[64,147381,147383],{"className":66,"code":147382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147384,147385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147386,147387,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147388,147389],{"class":79},"my_tuple",[73,147391,817],{"class":105},[73,147393,40633],{"class":114},[73,147395,106],{"class":105},[73,147397,2063],{"class":114},[73,147399,854],{"class":105},[30,147401,147402,147406,147409],{},[33,147403,147404,56835],{},[15,147405,2063],{},[33,147407,147408],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147410,147411,147412],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147413,1710],{},[292,147415,102490],{"id":102489},[64,147417,147419],{"className":66,"code":147418,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147420,147421,147461,147485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147422,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147424,12673],{"class":79},[73,147426,84],{"class":83},[73,147428,8828],{"class":105},[73,147430,384],{"class":87},[73,147432,12690],{"class":91},[73,147434,384],{"class":87},[73,147436,149],{"class":105},[73,147438,88],{"class":87},[73,147440,12707],{"class":91},[73,147442,384],{"class":87},[73,147444,149],{"class":105},[73,147446,88],{"class":87},[73,147448,12690],{"class":91},[73,147450,384],{"class":87},[73,147452,149],{"class":105},[73,147454,88],{"class":87},[73,147456,17054],{"class":91},[73,147458,384],{"class":87},[73,147460,854],{"class":105},[73,147462,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147464,102],{"class":101},[73,147466,106],{"class":105},[73,147468,17101],{"class":114},[73,147470,817],{"class":105},[73,147472,40633],{"class":114},[73,147474,106],{"class":105},[73,147476,384],{"class":87},[73,147478,12690],{"class":91},[73,147480,384],{"class":87},[73,147482,4948],{"class":105},[73,147484,57025],{"class":3249},[73,147486,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147488,102],{"class":101},[73,147490,106],{"class":105},[73,147492,17101],{"class":114},[73,147494,817],{"class":105},[73,147496,40633],{"class":114},[73,147498,106],{"class":105},[73,147500,384],{"class":87},[73,147502,22123],{"class":91},[73,147504,384],{"class":87},[73,147506,4948],{"class":105},[73,147508,50625],{"class":3249},[20,147510,19556],{},[30,147512,147513,147518],{},[33,147514,147515,147517],{},[15,147516,64774],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147519,147520,147522,147523],{},[15,147521,109186],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147524,1710],{},[59,147526,11069],{"id":11068},[20,147528,147529],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[64,147531,147533],{"className":66,"code":147532,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147534,147535,147583,147587,147609],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147536,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147538,35609],{"class":79},[73,147540,84],{"class":83},[73,147542,8828],{"class":105},[73,147544,384],{"class":87},[73,147546,3666],{"class":91},[73,147548,384],{"class":87},[73,147550,149],{"class":105},[73,147552,88],{"class":87},[73,147554,3675],{"class":91},[73,147556,384],{"class":87},[73,147558,149],{"class":105},[73,147560,88],{"class":87},[73,147562,3666],{"class":91},[73,147564,384],{"class":87},[73,147566,149],{"class":105},[73,147568,88],{"class":87},[73,147570,32818],{"class":91},[73,147572,384],{"class":87},[73,147574,149],{"class":105},[73,147576,88],{"class":87},[73,147578,3666],{"class":91},[73,147580,384],{"class":87},[73,147582,854],{"class":105},[73,147584,147585],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147586,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147590,1819],{"class":79},[73,147592,84],{"class":83},[73,147594,52230],{"class":79},[73,147596,817],{"class":105},[73,147598,40633],{"class":114},[73,147600,106],{"class":105},[73,147602,384],{"class":87},[73,147604,3666],{"class":91},[73,147606,384],{"class":87},[73,147608,854],{"class":105},[73,147610,147611,147613,147615,147617],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,147612,102],{"class":101},[73,147614,106],{"class":105},[73,147616,1854],{"class":114},[73,147618,854],{"class":105},[20,147620,1660],{},[64,147622,147623],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,147624,147625],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147626,147627],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147628,45993],{"class":315},[20,147630,147631,147633,147634,1987,147636,817],{},[15,147632,57213],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147635,56670],{},[15,147637,1652],{},[59,147639,37392],{"id":37391},[20,147641,56924,147642,128125],{},[15,147643,56670],{},[30,147645,147646,147651,147656,147659],{},[33,147647,11018,147648,147650],{},[15,147649,1710],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147652,11018,147653,147655],{},[15,147654,404],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147657,147658],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147660,147661,147662,147664],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147663,6588],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147666,714],{},[64,147668,147670],{"className":66,"code":147669,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147671,147672,147713,147717,147744],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147673,147674,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147675,147676],{"class":79},"answers ",[73,147678,84],{"class":83},[73,147680,8828],{"class":105},[73,147682,384],{"class":87},[73,147684,8248],{"class":91},[73,147686,384],{"class":87},[73,147688,149],{"class":105},[73,147690,88],{"class":87},[73,147692,8189],{"class":91},[73,147694,384],{"class":87},[73,147696,149],{"class":105},[73,147698,88],{"class":87},[73,147700,8248],{"class":91},[73,147702,384],{"class":87},[73,147704,149],{"class":105},[73,147706,88],{"class":87},[73,147708,8248],{"class":91},[73,147710,384],{"class":87},[73,147712,854],{"class":105},[73,147714,147715],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147716,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,147718,147719,147721,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147720,6588],{"class":646},[73,147722,147723],{"class":79}," answers",[73,147725,817],{"class":105},[73,147727,40633],{"class":114},[73,147729,106],{"class":105},[73,147731,384],{"class":87},[73,147733,8248],{"class":91},[73,147735,384],{"class":87},[73,147737,3246],{"class":105},[73,147739,37768],{"class":83},[73,147741,5084],{"class":315},[73,147743,5982],{"class":105},[73,147745,147746,147748,147750,147752,147755,147757],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,147747,7659],{"class":101},[73,147749,106],{"class":105},[73,147751,384],{"class":87},[73,147753,147754],{"class":91},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[73,147756,384],{"class":87},[73,147758,854],{"class":105},[20,147760,1660],{},[64,147762,147764],{"className":66,"code":147763,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147765,147766],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147767,147768,147771,147773,147775,147777,147780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147769,147770],{"class":79},"The answer ",[73,147772,141],{"class":87},[73,147774,8248],{"class":91},[73,147776,141],{"class":87},[73,147778,147779],{"class":79}," appears more than once",[73,147781,121769],{"class":105},[59,147783,40419],{"id":40418},[20,147785,1210,147786,103953],{},[15,147787,147262],{},[30,147789,147790,147793,147796,147799],{},[33,147791,147792],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,147794,147795],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,147797,147798],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,147800,147801],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147803,714],{},[64,147805,147807],{"className":66,"code":147806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147808,147809,147837,147841,147863],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147810,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147812,4654],{"class":79},[73,147814,84],{"class":83},[73,147816,8828],{"class":105},[73,147818,1920],{"class":315},[73,147820,149],{"class":105},[73,147822,7380],{"class":315},[73,147824,149],{"class":105},[73,147826,5592],{"class":315},[73,147828,149],{"class":105},[73,147830,7385],{"class":315},[73,147832,149],{"class":105},[73,147834,5592],{"class":315},[73,147836,854],{"class":105},[73,147838,147839],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147840,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,147842,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147844,6588],{"class":646},[73,147846,4701],{"class":79},[73,147848,817],{"class":105},[73,147850,40633],{"class":114},[73,147852,106],{"class":105},[73,147854,1920],{"class":315},[73,147856,3246],{"class":105},[73,147858,50666],{"class":83},[73,147860,409],{"class":315},[73,147862,5982],{"class":105},[73,147864,147865,147867,147869,147871,147874,147876],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,147866,7659],{"class":101},[73,147868,106],{"class":105},[73,147870,384],{"class":87},[73,147872,147873],{"class":91},"The score 10 is repeated.",[73,147875,384],{"class":87},[73,147877,854],{"class":105},[20,147879,1660],{},[64,147881,147883],{"className":66,"code":147882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147884,147885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147886,147887,147890,147892,147894,147897],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147888,147889],{"class":79},"The score ",[73,147891,1920],{"class":315},[73,147893,7687],{"class":83},[73,147895,147896],{"class":79}," repeated",[73,147898,121769],{"class":105},[59,147900,147902],{"id":147901},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147904,147905],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,147907,147908,147914,147919,147922],{},[33,147909,147910,147911,147913],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147912,56670],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,147915,147916,147918],{},[15,147917,56670],{}," counts exact matches",[33,147920,147921],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,147923,147924,355,147926,147928],{},[15,147925,404],{},[15,147927,41532],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147930,714],{},[64,147932,147934],{"className":66,"code":147933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147935,147936,147970,147974,147994,148018],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147937,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147951,147953,147955,147958,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147939,3409],{"class":79},[73,147941,84],{"class":83},[73,147943,8828],{"class":105},[73,147945,404],{"class":315},[73,147947,149],{"class":105},[73,147949,147950],{"class":315}," 1.0",[73,147952,149],{"class":105},[73,147954,88],{"class":87},[73,147956,147957],{"class":91},"Cat",[73,147959,384],{"class":87},[73,147961,149],{"class":105},[73,147963,88],{"class":87},[73,147965,36418],{"class":91},[73,147967,384],{"class":87},[73,147969,854],{"class":105},[73,147971,147972],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,147973,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,147975,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,147977,102],{"class":101},[73,147979,106],{"class":105},[73,147981,4945],{"class":114},[73,147983,817],{"class":105},[73,147985,40633],{"class":114},[73,147987,106],{"class":105},[73,147989,404],{"class":315},[73,147991,4948],{"class":105},[73,147993,50472],{"class":3249},[73,147995,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,147997,102],{"class":101},[73,147999,106],{"class":105},[73,148001,4945],{"class":114},[73,148003,817],{"class":105},[73,148005,40633],{"class":114},[73,148007,106],{"class":105},[73,148009,384],{"class":87},[73,148011,147957],{"class":91},[73,148013,384],{"class":87},[73,148015,4948],{"class":105},[73,148017,27376],{"class":3249},[73,148019,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,148021,102],{"class":101},[73,148023,106],{"class":105},[73,148025,4945],{"class":114},[73,148027,817],{"class":105},[73,148029,40633],{"class":114},[73,148031,106],{"class":105},[73,148033,384],{"class":87},[73,148035,36418],{"class":91},[73,148037,384],{"class":87},[73,148039,4948],{"class":105},[73,148041,27376],{"class":3249},[20,148043,4747,148044,4750,148047,1424],{},[15,148045,148046],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148048,1646],{},[20,148050,8376,148051,4373,148054,148056],{},[15,148052,148053],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148055,3190],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[59,148058,1207],{"id":1206},[292,148060,438,148062,148064],{"id":148061},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148063,40633],{}," without parentheses",[20,148066,148067],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[64,148069,148071],{"className":66,"code":148070,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148072,148073,148097],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148074,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148076,523],{"class":79},[73,148078,84],{"class":83},[73,148080,8828],{"class":105},[73,148082,404],{"class":315},[73,148084,149],{"class":105},[73,148086,409],{"class":315},[73,148088,149],{"class":105},[73,148090,409],{"class":315},[73,148092,149],{"class":105},[73,148094,414],{"class":315},[73,148096,854],{"class":105},[73,148098,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148100,102],{"class":101},[73,148102,106],{"class":105},[73,148104,553],{"class":114},[73,148106,817],{"class":105},[73,148108,40633],{"class":851},[73,148110,854],{"class":105},[20,148112,148113],{},"To call the method correctly:",[64,148115,148117],{"className":66,"code":148116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148118,148119],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148120,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148122,102],{"class":101},[73,148124,106],{"class":105},[73,148126,553],{"class":114},[73,148128,817],{"class":105},[73,148130,40633],{"class":114},[73,148132,106],{"class":105},[73,148134,1646],{"class":315},[73,148136,118],{"class":105},[292,148138,8044,148139,8047,148141,2468,148143],{"id":57973},[15,148140,56670],{},[15,148142,3190],{},[15,148144,3260],{},[20,148146,148147,57984],{},[15,148148,56670],{},[64,148150,148152],{"className":66,"code":148151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148153,148154,148186,148208,148212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148155,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148157,35460],{"class":79},[73,148159,84],{"class":83},[73,148161,8828],{"class":105},[73,148163,384],{"class":87},[73,148165,587],{"class":91},[73,148167,384],{"class":87},[73,148169,149],{"class":105},[73,148171,88],{"class":87},[73,148173,4350],{"class":91},[73,148175,384],{"class":87},[73,148177,149],{"class":105},[73,148179,88],{"class":87},[73,148181,587],{"class":91},[73,148183,384],{"class":87},[73,148185,854],{"class":105},[73,148187,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148189,1819],{"class":79},[73,148191,84],{"class":83},[73,148193,69478],{"class":79},[73,148195,817],{"class":105},[73,148197,40633],{"class":114},[73,148199,106],{"class":105},[73,148201,384],{"class":87},[73,148203,587],{"class":91},[73,148205,384],{"class":87},[73,148207,854],{"class":105},[73,148209,148210],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,148211,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,148213,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,148215,102],{"class":101},[73,148217,106],{"class":105},[73,148219,1854],{"class":114},[73,148221,3246],{"class":105},[73,148223,50793],{"class":3249},[20,148225,148226,148227,148229],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148228,3469],{}," is often simpler:",[64,148231,148233],{"className":66,"code":148232,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148234,148235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148236,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148238,102],{"class":101},[73,148240,106],{"class":105},[73,148242,384],{"class":87},[73,148244,587],{"class":91},[73,148246,384],{"class":87},[73,148248,20773],{"class":646},[73,148250,69478],{"class":114},[73,148252,3246],{"class":105},[73,148254,3250],{"class":3249},[292,148256,36575,148258,8295,148260],{"id":148257},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148259,147262],{},[15,148261,56675],{},[20,148263,148264],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148266,148267],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[292,148269,148271],{"id":148270},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148273,148274,148276],{},[15,148275,56670],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[64,148278,148280],{"className":66,"code":148279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148281,148282,148315,148341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148283,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148285,3657],{"class":79},[73,148287,84],{"class":83},[73,148289,8828],{"class":105},[73,148291,384],{"class":87},[73,148293,3666],{"class":91},[73,148295,384],{"class":87},[73,148297,149],{"class":105},[73,148299,88],{"class":87},[73,148301,148302],{"class":91},"pineapple",[73,148304,384],{"class":87},[73,148306,149],{"class":105},[73,148308,88],{"class":87},[73,148310,3666],{"class":91},[73,148312,384],{"class":87},[73,148314,854],{"class":105},[73,148316,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148334,148336,148338],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148318,102],{"class":101},[73,148320,106],{"class":105},[73,148322,3701],{"class":114},[73,148324,817],{"class":105},[73,148326,40633],{"class":114},[73,148328,106],{"class":105},[73,148330,384],{"class":87},[73,148332,148333],{"class":91},"app",[73,148335,384],{"class":87},[73,148337,4948],{"class":105},[73,148339,148340],{"class":3249},"    # 0\n",[73,148342,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,148344,102],{"class":101},[73,148346,106],{"class":105},[73,148348,3701],{"class":114},[73,148350,817],{"class":105},[73,148352,40633],{"class":114},[73,148354,106],{"class":105},[73,148356,384],{"class":87},[73,148358,3666],{"class":91},[73,148360,384],{"class":87},[73,148362,4948],{"class":105},[73,148364,50793],{"class":3249},[20,148366,148367,148370,148371,817],{},[15,148368,148369],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148372,1710],{},[59,148374,148376],{"id":148375},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148378,148379],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148381,148382,148387,148396,148402],{},[33,148383,121,148384,148386],{},[15,148385,3469],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148388,121,148389,148395],{},[587,148390,148392,148393],{"href":148391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148394,58348],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148397,121,148398,148401],{},[15,148399,148400],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148403,148404],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148406,45416,148407,2475],{},[15,148408,3469],{},[64,148410,148412],{"className":66,"code":148411,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148413,148414,148434,148438,148454],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148415,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148417,523],{"class":79},[73,148419,84],{"class":83},[73,148421,8828],{"class":105},[73,148423,2095],{"class":315},[73,148425,149],{"class":105},[73,148427,5581],{"class":315},[73,148429,149],{"class":105},[73,148431,53515],{"class":315},[73,148433,854],{"class":105},[73,148435,148436],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148437,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,148441,102],{"class":101},[73,148443,106],{"class":105},[73,148445,1614],{"class":315},[73,148447,20773],{"class":646},[73,148449,3851],{"class":114},[73,148451,3246],{"class":105},[73,148453,43230],{"class":3249},[73,148455,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,148457,102],{"class":101},[73,148459,106],{"class":105},[73,148461,1727],{"class":315},[73,148463,20773],{"class":646},[73,148465,3851],{"class":114},[73,148467,3246],{"class":105},[73,148469,43247],{"class":3249},[20,148471,45416,148472,2475],{},[15,148473,58348],{},[64,148475,148477],{"className":66,"code":148476,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148478,148479,148503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148480,148481,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148482,523],{"class":79},[73,148484,84],{"class":83},[73,148486,8828],{"class":105},[73,148488,2095],{"class":315},[73,148490,149],{"class":105},[73,148492,5581],{"class":315},[73,148494,149],{"class":105},[73,148496,53515],{"class":315},[73,148498,149],{"class":105},[73,148500,5581],{"class":315},[73,148502,854],{"class":105},[73,148504,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148506,102],{"class":101},[73,148508,106],{"class":105},[73,148510,553],{"class":114},[73,148512,817],{"class":105},[73,148514,35215],{"class":114},[73,148516,106],{"class":105},[73,148518,1614],{"class":315},[73,148520,4948],{"class":105},[73,148522,27376],{"class":3249},[20,148524,148525,148527,148528,148530,148532],{},[15,148526,56670],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[1103,148529],{},[15,148531,58348],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[59,148534,1405],{"id":1404},[292,148536,1409,148538,1412],{"id":148537},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148539,147262],{},[20,148541,148542],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[292,148544,12300,148546,148548],{"id":148545},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148547,147262],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148550,148551],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[292,148553,148555],{"id":148554},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148557,11506,148558,817],{},[15,148559,1710],{},[292,148561,1446,148563,148565],{"id":148562},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148564,147262],{}," count strings?",[20,148567,148568],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[292,148570,1419,148572,355,148574,1424],{"id":148571},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148573,147262],{},[15,148575,148576],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148578,148579,148581,148582,148584],{},[15,148580,56670],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148583,58348],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[59,148586,1461],{"id":1460},[30,148588,148589,148593,148598,148605,148613],{},[33,148590,148591],{},[587,148592,147371],{"href":147370},[33,148594,148595],{},[587,148596,148597],{"href":147374},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148599,148600],{},[587,148601,148602,148603,10333],{"href":148391},"Python tuple ",[15,148604,58348],{},[33,148606,148607],{},[587,148608,148610,148611],{"href":148609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148612,41735],{},[33,148614,148615],{},[587,148616,58336],{"href":58335},[1500,148618,148619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":148621},[148622,148624,148627,148628,148629,148630,148631,148639,148640,148651],{"id":147338,"depth":98,"text":148623},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147378,"depth":98,"text":147379,"children":148625},[148626],{"id":102489,"depth":332,"text":102490},{"id":11068,"depth":98,"text":11069},{"id":37391,"depth":98,"text":37392},{"id":40418,"depth":98,"text":40419},{"id":147901,"depth":98,"text":147902},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":148632},[148633,148635,148636,148638],{"id":148061,"depth":332,"text":148634},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57973,"depth":332,"text":58389},{"id":148257,"depth":332,"text":148637},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148270,"depth":332,"text":148271},{"id":148375,"depth":98,"text":148376},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":148641},[148642,148644,148646,148647,148649],{"id":148537,"depth":332,"text":148643},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148545,"depth":332,"text":148645},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148554,"depth":332,"text":148555},{"id":148562,"depth":332,"text":148648},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148571,"depth":332,"text":148650},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147249,"description":148652},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148659,"title":148660,"body":148661,"description":150348,"extension":1552,"meta":150349,"navigation":335,"path":150350,"seo":150351,"stem":150352,"__hash__":150353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148662,"toc":150311},[148663,148666,148669,148678,148680,148810,148812,148873,148879,148881,148901,148905,148908,148911,148946,148948,148969,148972,149011,149013,149038,149045,149049,149052,149089,149091,149114,149117,149120,149132,149138,149142,149145,149151,149192,149194,149217,149220,149261,149263,149290,149292,149309,149311,149328,149331,149335,149338,149340,149374,149376,149423,149427,149466,149470,149473,149530,149532,149573,149579,149585,149590,149592,149629,149631,149651,149653,149686,149688,149721,149724,149728,149761,149763,149788,149791,149793,149807,149814,149816,149819,149823,149826,149861,149864,149899,149903,149906,149945,149948,149987,149991,149993,150023,150026,150033,150035,150067,150070,150102,150105,150136,150138,150155,150159,150162,150226,150228,150232,150239,150243,150246,150250,150253,150257,150260,150265,150271,150273,150308],[10,148664,148660],{"id":148665},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148667,148668],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148670,148671,148672,2468,148676,817],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[587,148673,148675],{"href":148674},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[587,148677,147371],{"href":147370},[59,148679,62],{"id":61},[64,148681,148683],{"className":66,"code":148682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148684,148685,148705,148714,148728,148764,148768,148778,148788,148799],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148686,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148688,523],{"class":79},[73,148690,84],{"class":83},[73,148692,8828],{"class":105},[73,148694,404],{"class":315},[73,148696,149],{"class":105},[73,148698,409],{"class":315},[73,148700,149],{"class":105},[73,148702,414],{"class":315},[73,148704,854],{"class":105},[73,148706,148707,148709,148711],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148708,124235],{"class":79},[73,148710,84],{"class":83},[73,148712,148713],{"class":105}," ()\n",[73,148715,148716,148719,148721,148723,148725],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,148717,148718],{"class":79},"one_item ",[73,148720,84],{"class":83},[73,148722,8828],{"class":105},[73,148724,1727],{"class":315},[73,148726,148727],{"class":105},",)\n",[73,148729,148730,148733,148735,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,148731,148732],{"class":79},"from_list ",[73,148734,84],{"class":83},[73,148736,148737],{"class":1270}," tuple",[73,148739,401],{"class":105},[73,148741,384],{"class":87},[73,148743,587],{"class":91},[73,148745,384],{"class":87},[73,148747,149],{"class":105},[73,148749,88],{"class":87},[73,148751,4350],{"class":91},[73,148753,384],{"class":87},[73,148755,149],{"class":105},[73,148757,88],{"class":87},[73,148759,9332],{"class":91},[73,148761,384],{"class":87},[73,148763,3475],{"class":105},[73,148765,148766],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,148767,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,148769,148770,148772,148774,148776],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,148771,102],{"class":101},[73,148773,106],{"class":105},[73,148775,553],{"class":114},[73,148777,854],{"class":105},[73,148779,148780,148782,148784,148786],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,148781,102],{"class":101},[73,148783,106],{"class":105},[73,148785,124286],{"class":114},[73,148787,854],{"class":105},[73,148789,148790,148792,148794,148797],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,148791,102],{"class":101},[73,148793,106],{"class":105},[73,148795,148796],{"class":114},"one_item",[73,148798,854],{"class":105},[73,148800,148801,148803,148805,148808],{"class":75,"line":6021},[73,148802,102],{"class":101},[73,148804,106],{"class":105},[73,148806,148807],{"class":114},"from_list",[73,148809,854],{"class":105},[20,148811,1660],{},[64,148813,148815],{"className":66,"code":148814,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148816,148817,148833,148837,148845],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148818,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148820,106],{"class":105},[73,148822,404],{"class":315},[73,148824,149],{"class":105},[73,148826,409],{"class":315},[73,148828,149],{"class":105},[73,148830,414],{"class":315},[73,148832,854],{"class":105},[73,148834,148835],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148836,8233],{"class":105},[73,148838,148839,148841,148843],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,148840,106],{"class":105},[73,148842,1727],{"class":315},[73,148844,148727],{"class":105},[73,148846,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,148848,106],{"class":105},[73,148850,141],{"class":87},[73,148852,587],{"class":91},[73,148854,141],{"class":87},[73,148856,149],{"class":105},[73,148858,152],{"class":87},[73,148860,4350],{"class":91},[73,148862,141],{"class":87},[73,148864,149],{"class":105},[73,148866,152],{"class":87},[73,148868,9332],{"class":91},[73,148870,141],{"class":87},[73,148872,854],{"class":105},[20,148874,148875,148876,817],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148877,148878],{},"(5,)",[59,148880,14761],{"id":14760},[30,148882,148883,148886,148889,148892,148895,148898],{},[33,148884,148885],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,148887,148888],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,148890,148891],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,148893,148894],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,148896,148897],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,148899,148900],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[59,148902,148904],{"id":148903},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148906,148907],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148909,148910],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[64,148912,148914],{"className":66,"code":148913,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148915,148916,148936],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148917,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148919,523],{"class":79},[73,148921,84],{"class":83},[73,148923,8828],{"class":105},[73,148925,404],{"class":315},[73,148927,149],{"class":105},[73,148929,409],{"class":315},[73,148931,149],{"class":105},[73,148933,414],{"class":315},[73,148935,854],{"class":105},[73,148937,148938,148940,148942,148944],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,148939,102],{"class":101},[73,148941,106],{"class":105},[73,148943,553],{"class":114},[73,148945,854],{"class":105},[20,148947,1660],{},[64,148949,148951],{"className":66,"code":148950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148952,148953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148954,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148956,106],{"class":105},[73,148958,404],{"class":315},[73,148960,149],{"class":105},[73,148962,409],{"class":315},[73,148964,149],{"class":105},[73,148966,414],{"class":315},[73,148968,854],{"class":105},[20,148970,148971],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[64,148973,148975],{"className":66,"code":148974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148976,148977,149001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148978,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148980,8757],{"class":79},[73,148982,84],{"class":83},[73,148984,8828],{"class":105},[73,148986,404],{"class":315},[73,148988,149],{"class":105},[73,148990,88],{"class":87},[73,148992,3666],{"class":91},[73,148994,384],{"class":87},[73,148996,149],{"class":105},[73,148998,3502],{"class":3438},[73,149000,854],{"class":105},[73,149002,149003,149005,149007,149009],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149004,102],{"class":101},[73,149006,106],{"class":105},[73,149008,8796],{"class":114},[73,149010,854],{"class":105},[20,149012,1660],{},[64,149014,149016],{"className":66,"code":149015,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149017,149018],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149019,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149021,106],{"class":105},[73,149023,404],{"class":315},[73,149025,149],{"class":105},[73,149027,152],{"class":87},[73,149029,3666],{"class":91},[73,149031,141],{"class":87},[73,149033,149],{"class":105},[73,149035,3502],{"class":3438},[73,149037,854],{"class":105},[20,149039,149040,149041,817],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[587,149042,149044],{"href":149043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[59,149046,149048],{"id":149047},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149050,149051],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[64,149053,149055],{"className":66,"code":149054,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149056,149057,149065,149075],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149058,149059,149061,149063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149060,124235],{"class":79},[73,149062,84],{"class":83},[73,149064,148713],{"class":105},[73,149066,149067,149069,149071,149073],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149068,102],{"class":101},[73,149070,106],{"class":105},[73,149072,124286],{"class":114},[73,149074,854],{"class":105},[73,149076,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,149078,102],{"class":101},[73,149080,106],{"class":105},[73,149082,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149084,106],{"class":105},[73,149086,124286],{"class":114},[73,149088,118],{"class":105},[20,149090,1660],{},[64,149092,149094],{"className":66,"code":149093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149095,149096,149100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149097,149098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149099,8233],{"class":105},[73,149101,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149103,2879],{"class":83},[73,149105,2882],{"class":633},[73,149107,152],{"class":87},[73,149109,48330],{"class":91},[73,149111,141],{"class":87},[73,149113,2891],{"class":83},[20,149115,149116],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149118,149119],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149121,149122,149127],{},[33,149123,149124,149125],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149126,6956],{},[33,149128,149129,149130],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149131,3373],{},[20,149133,149134,149135,817],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[587,149136,149137],{"href":56533},"Python list: creating a list",[59,149139,149141],{"id":149140},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149143,149144],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149146,149147,149148,149150],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[55,149149,806],{}," automatically a tuple:",[64,149152,149154],{"className":66,"code":149153,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149155,149156,149168,149178],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149157,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149159,2037],{"class":79},[73,149161,84],{"class":83},[73,149163,8828],{"class":105},[73,149165,1727],{"class":315},[73,149167,854],{"class":105},[73,149169,149170,149172,149174,149176],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149171,102],{"class":101},[73,149173,106],{"class":105},[73,149175,2063],{"class":114},[73,149177,854],{"class":105},[73,149179,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,149181,102],{"class":101},[73,149183,106],{"class":105},[73,149185,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149187,106],{"class":105},[73,149189,2063],{"class":114},[73,149191,118],{"class":105},[20,149193,1660],{},[64,149195,149197],{"className":66,"code":149196,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149198,149199,149203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149200,149201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149202,2538],{"class":315},[73,149204,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149206,2879],{"class":83},[73,149208,2882],{"class":633},[73,149210,152],{"class":87},[73,149212,1778],{"class":91},[73,149214,141],{"class":87},[73,149216,2891],{"class":83},[20,149218,149219],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[64,149221,149223],{"className":66,"code":149222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149224,149225,149237,149247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149226,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149228,148718],{"class":79},[73,149230,84],{"class":83},[73,149232,8828],{"class":105},[73,149234,1727],{"class":315},[73,149236,148727],{"class":105},[73,149238,149239,149241,149243,149245],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149240,102],{"class":101},[73,149242,106],{"class":105},[73,149244,148796],{"class":114},[73,149246,854],{"class":105},[73,149248,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,149250,102],{"class":101},[73,149252,106],{"class":105},[73,149254,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149256,106],{"class":105},[73,149258,148796],{"class":114},[73,149260,118],{"class":105},[20,149262,1660],{},[64,149264,149266],{"className":66,"code":149265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149267,149268,149276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149269,149270,149272,149274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149271,106],{"class":105},[73,149273,1727],{"class":315},[73,149275,148727],{"class":105},[73,149277,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149279,2879],{"class":83},[73,149281,2882],{"class":633},[73,149283,152],{"class":87},[73,149285,48330],{"class":91},[73,149287,141],{"class":87},[73,149289,2891],{"class":83},[20,149291,16254],{},[64,149293,149295],{"className":66,"code":149294,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149296,149297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149298,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149300,106],{"class":105},[73,149302,384],{"class":87},[73,149304,3666],{"class":91},[73,149306,384],{"class":87},[73,149308,148727],{"class":105},[20,149310,16242],{},[64,149312,149314],{"className":66,"code":149313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149315,149316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149319,106],{"class":105},[73,149321,384],{"class":87},[73,149323,3666],{"class":91},[73,149325,384],{"class":87},[73,149327,854],{"class":105},[20,149329,149330],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[59,149332,149334],{"id":149333},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149336,149337],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[292,149339,55841],{"id":553},[64,149341,149342],{"className":66,"code":148913,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,149343,149344,149364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149345,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149347,523],{"class":79},[73,149349,84],{"class":83},[73,149351,8828],{"class":105},[73,149353,404],{"class":315},[73,149355,149],{"class":105},[73,149357,409],{"class":315},[73,149359,149],{"class":105},[73,149361,414],{"class":315},[73,149363,854],{"class":105},[73,149365,149366,149368,149370,149372],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149367,102],{"class":101},[73,149369,106],{"class":105},[73,149371,553],{"class":114},[73,149373,854],{"class":105},[292,149375,55844],{"id":425},[64,149377,149379],{"className":66,"code":149378,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149380,149381,149413],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149384,12673],{"class":79},[73,149386,84],{"class":83},[73,149388,8828],{"class":105},[73,149390,384],{"class":87},[73,149392,12690],{"class":91},[73,149394,384],{"class":87},[73,149396,149],{"class":105},[73,149398,88],{"class":87},[73,149400,17054],{"class":91},[73,149402,384],{"class":87},[73,149404,149],{"class":105},[73,149406,88],{"class":87},[73,149408,12707],{"class":91},[73,149410,384],{"class":87},[73,149412,854],{"class":105},[73,149414,149415,149417,149419,149421],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149416,102],{"class":101},[73,149418,106],{"class":105},[73,149420,17101],{"class":114},[73,149422,854],{"class":105},[292,149424,149426],{"id":149425},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[64,149428,149430],{"className":66,"code":149429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149431,149432,149456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149433,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442,149444,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149435,58853],{"class":79},[73,149437,84],{"class":83},[73,149439,8828],{"class":105},[73,149441,404],{"class":315},[73,149443,149],{"class":105},[73,149445,88],{"class":87},[73,149447,3666],{"class":91},[73,149449,384],{"class":87},[73,149451,149],{"class":105},[73,149453,3502],{"class":3438},[73,149455,854],{"class":105},[73,149457,149458,149460,149462,149464],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149459,102],{"class":101},[73,149461,106],{"class":105},[73,149463,58906],{"class":114},[73,149465,854],{"class":105},[292,149467,149469],{"id":149468},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149471,149472],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[64,149474,149476],{"className":66,"code":149475,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149477,149478,149519],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149479,149480,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149481,149482],{"class":79},"nested ",[73,149484,84],{"class":83},[73,149486,8828],{"class":105},[73,149488,404],{"class":315},[73,149490,149],{"class":105},[73,149492,8828],{"class":105},[73,149494,384],{"class":87},[73,149496,587],{"class":91},[73,149498,384],{"class":87},[73,149500,149],{"class":105},[73,149502,88],{"class":87},[73,149504,4350],{"class":91},[73,149506,384],{"class":87},[73,149508,8825],{"class":105},[73,149510,528],{"class":105},[73,149512,1920],{"class":315},[73,149514,149],{"class":105},[73,149516,7380],{"class":315},[73,149518,3475],{"class":105},[73,149520,149521,149523,149525,149528],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149522,102],{"class":101},[73,149524,106],{"class":105},[73,149526,149527],{"class":114},"nested",[73,149529,854],{"class":105},[20,149531,1660],{},[64,149533,149535],{"className":66,"code":149534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149536,149537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149540,106],{"class":105},[73,149542,404],{"class":315},[73,149544,149],{"class":105},[73,149546,8828],{"class":105},[73,149548,141],{"class":87},[73,149550,587],{"class":91},[73,149552,141],{"class":87},[73,149554,149],{"class":105},[73,149556,152],{"class":87},[73,149558,4350],{"class":91},[73,149560,141],{"class":87},[73,149562,8825],{"class":105},[73,149564,528],{"class":105},[73,149566,1920],{"class":315},[73,149568,149],{"class":105},[73,149570,7380],{"class":315},[73,149572,3475],{"class":105},[59,149574,149576,149577],{"id":149575},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149578,37418],{},[20,149580,149581,149582,149584],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149583,37418],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149586,149587,149588,817],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[587,149589,62599],{"href":62598},[292,149591,104630],{"id":104629},[64,149593,149595],{"className":66,"code":149594,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149596,149597,149619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149598,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149600,523],{"class":79},[73,149602,84],{"class":83},[73,149604,148737],{"class":1270},[73,149606,401],{"class":105},[73,149608,404],{"class":315},[73,149610,149],{"class":105},[73,149612,409],{"class":315},[73,149614,149],{"class":105},[73,149616,414],{"class":315},[73,149618,3475],{"class":105},[73,149620,149621,149623,149625,149627],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149622,102],{"class":101},[73,149624,106],{"class":105},[73,149626,553],{"class":114},[73,149628,854],{"class":105},[20,149630,1660],{},[64,149632,149633],{"className":66,"code":148950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,149634,149635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149638,106],{"class":105},[73,149640,404],{"class":315},[73,149642,149],{"class":105},[73,149644,409],{"class":315},[73,149646,149],{"class":105},[73,149648,414],{"class":315},[73,149650,854],{"class":105},[292,149652,104816],{"id":104815},[64,149654,149656],{"className":66,"code":149655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149657,149658,149676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149659,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672,149674],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149661,35460],{"class":79},[73,149663,84],{"class":83},[73,149665,148737],{"class":1270},[73,149667,106],{"class":105},[73,149669,384],{"class":87},[73,149671,40934],{"class":91},[73,149673,384],{"class":87},[73,149675,854],{"class":105},[73,149677,149678,149680,149682,149684],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149679,102],{"class":101},[73,149681,106],{"class":105},[73,149683,35513],{"class":114},[73,149685,854],{"class":105},[20,149687,1660],{},[64,149689,149691],{"className":66,"code":149690,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149692,149693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149696,106],{"class":105},[73,149698,141],{"class":87},[73,149700,587],{"class":91},[73,149702,141],{"class":87},[73,149704,149],{"class":105},[73,149706,152],{"class":87},[73,149708,4350],{"class":91},[73,149710,141],{"class":87},[73,149712,149],{"class":105},[73,149714,152],{"class":87},[73,149716,9332],{"class":91},[73,149718,141],{"class":87},[73,149720,854],{"class":105},[20,149722,149723],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[292,149725,149727],{"id":149726},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[64,149729,149731],{"className":66,"code":149730,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149732,149733,149751],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149736,3409],{"class":79},[73,149738,84],{"class":83},[73,149740,148737],{"class":1270},[73,149742,106],{"class":105},[73,149744,59379],{"class":101},[73,149746,106],{"class":105},[73,149748,2095],{"class":315},[73,149750,118],{"class":105},[73,149752,149753,149755,149757,149759],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149754,102],{"class":101},[73,149756,106],{"class":105},[73,149758,4945],{"class":114},[73,149760,854],{"class":105},[20,149762,1660],{},[64,149764,149766],{"className":66,"code":149765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149767,149768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149769,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149771,106],{"class":105},[73,149773,1710],{"class":315},[73,149775,149],{"class":105},[73,149777,5084],{"class":315},[73,149779,149],{"class":105},[73,149781,409],{"class":315},[73,149783,149],{"class":105},[73,149785,414],{"class":315},[73,149787,854],{"class":105},[20,149789,149790],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[59,149792,20400],{"id":20399},[30,149794,149795,149798,149801,149804],{},[33,149796,149797],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,149799,149800],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,149802,149803],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,149805,149806],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149808,149809,149810,817],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[587,149811,149813],{"href":149812},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[59,149815,1207],{"id":1206},[20,149817,149818],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[292,149820,149822],{"id":149821},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149824,149825],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[64,149827,149829],{"className":66,"code":149828,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149830,149831,149847],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149832,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149834,28135],{"class":79},[73,149836,84],{"class":83},[73,149838,8828],{"class":105},[73,149840,384],{"class":87},[73,149842,3666],{"class":91},[73,149844,384],{"class":87},[73,149846,854],{"class":105},[73,149848,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149850,102],{"class":101},[73,149852,106],{"class":105},[73,149854,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149856,106],{"class":105},[73,149858,22910],{"class":114},[73,149860,118],{"class":105},[20,149862,149863],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[64,149865,149867],{"className":66,"code":149866,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149868,149869,149885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149872,28135],{"class":79},[73,149874,84],{"class":83},[73,149876,8828],{"class":105},[73,149878,384],{"class":87},[73,149880,3666],{"class":91},[73,149882,384],{"class":87},[73,149884,148727],{"class":105},[73,149886,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149888,102],{"class":101},[73,149890,106],{"class":105},[73,149892,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149894,106],{"class":105},[73,149896,22910],{"class":114},[73,149898,118],{"class":105},[292,149900,149902],{"id":149901},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149904,149905],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[64,149907,149909],{"className":66,"code":149908,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149910,149911,149931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149912,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149914,3409],{"class":79},[73,149916,84],{"class":83},[73,149918,528],{"class":105},[73,149920,404],{"class":315},[73,149922,149],{"class":105},[73,149924,409],{"class":315},[73,149926,149],{"class":105},[73,149928,414],{"class":315},[73,149930,229],{"class":105},[73,149932,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149934,102],{"class":101},[73,149936,106],{"class":105},[73,149938,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149940,106],{"class":105},[73,149942,4945],{"class":114},[73,149944,118],{"class":105},[20,149946,149947],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[64,149949,149951],{"className":66,"code":149950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149952,149953,149973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149956,3409],{"class":79},[73,149958,84],{"class":83},[73,149960,8828],{"class":105},[73,149962,404],{"class":315},[73,149964,149],{"class":105},[73,149966,409],{"class":315},[73,149968,149],{"class":105},[73,149970,414],{"class":315},[73,149972,854],{"class":105},[73,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,149976,102],{"class":101},[73,149978,106],{"class":105},[73,149980,1271],{"class":1270},[73,149982,106],{"class":105},[73,149984,4945],{"class":114},[73,149986,118],{"class":105},[292,149988,149990],{"id":149989},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149992,149803],{},[64,149994,149996],{"className":66,"code":149995,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149997,149998,150018],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149999,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150001,523],{"class":79},[73,150003,84],{"class":83},[73,150005,8828],{"class":105},[73,150007,404],{"class":315},[73,150009,149],{"class":105},[73,150011,409],{"class":315},[73,150013,149],{"class":105},[73,150015,414],{"class":315},[73,150017,854],{"class":105},[73,150019,150020],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150021,150022],{"class":3249},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150024,150025],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[292,150027,36575,150029,150032],{"id":150028},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150030,150031],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150034,64025],{},[64,150036,150037],{"className":66,"code":149655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150038,150039,150057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150040,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150042,35460],{"class":79},[73,150044,84],{"class":83},[73,150046,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150048,106],{"class":105},[73,150050,384],{"class":87},[73,150052,40934],{"class":91},[73,150054,384],{"class":87},[73,150056,854],{"class":105},[73,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150060,102],{"class":101},[73,150062,106],{"class":105},[73,150064,35513],{"class":114},[73,150066,854],{"class":105},[20,150068,150069],{},"gives:",[64,150071,150072],{"className":66,"code":149690,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150073,150074],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150075,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150077,106],{"class":105},[73,150079,141],{"class":87},[73,150081,587],{"class":91},[73,150083,141],{"class":87},[73,150085,149],{"class":105},[73,150087,152],{"class":87},[73,150089,4350],{"class":91},[73,150091,141],{"class":87},[73,150093,149],{"class":105},[73,150095,152],{"class":87},[73,150097,9332],{"class":91},[73,150099,141],{"class":87},[73,150101,854],{"class":105},[20,150103,150104],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[64,150106,150108],{"className":66,"code":150107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150109,150110,150126],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150111,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150113,5742],{"class":79},[73,150115,84],{"class":83},[73,150117,8828],{"class":105},[73,150119,384],{"class":87},[73,150121,40934],{"class":91},[73,150123,384],{"class":87},[73,150125,148727],{"class":105},[73,150127,150128,150130,150132,150134],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150129,102],{"class":101},[73,150131,106],{"class":105},[73,150133,37763],{"class":114},[73,150135,854],{"class":105},[20,150137,1660],{},[64,150139,150141],{"className":66,"code":150140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('abc',)\n",[15,150142,150143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150144,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150146,106],{"class":105},[73,150148,141],{"class":87},[73,150150,40934],{"class":91},[73,150152,141],{"class":87},[73,150154,148727],{"class":105},[292,150156,150158],{"id":150157},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150160,150161],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[64,150163,150165],{"className":66,"code":150164,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150166,150167,150184,150188,150198,150212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150168,150169,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150170,150171],{"class":79},"my_tuple ",[73,150173,84],{"class":83},[73,150175,8828],{"class":105},[73,150177,384],{"class":87},[73,150179,3666],{"class":91},[73,150181,384],{"class":87},[73,150183,148727],{"class":105},[73,150185,150186],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150187,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150189,150190,150192,150194,150196],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150191,102],{"class":101},[73,150193,106],{"class":105},[73,150195,147389],{"class":114},[73,150197,854],{"class":105},[73,150199,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150201,102],{"class":101},[73,150203,106],{"class":105},[73,150205,1271],{"class":1270},[73,150207,106],{"class":105},[73,150209,147389],{"class":114},[73,150211,118],{"class":105},[73,150213,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,150215,102],{"class":101},[73,150217,106],{"class":105},[73,150219,10755],{"class":101},[73,150221,106],{"class":105},[73,150223,147389],{"class":114},[73,150225,118],{"class":105},[59,150227,1405],{"id":1404},[292,150229,150231],{"id":150230},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150233,150234,150235,150238],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150236,150237],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[292,150240,150242],{"id":150241},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150244,150245],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[292,150247,150249],{"id":150248},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150251,150252],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[292,150254,150256],{"id":150255},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150258,150259],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[292,150261,1409,150263,12312],{"id":150262},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150264,150031],{},[20,150266,4737,150267,150270],{},[15,150268,150269],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[59,150272,1461],{"id":1460},[30,150274,150275,150279,150283,150289,150294,150299,150303],{},[33,150276,150277],{},[587,150278,147371],{"href":147370},[33,150280,150281],{},[587,150282,149044],{"href":149043},[33,150284,150285],{},[587,150286,150288],{"href":150287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150290,150291],{},[587,150292,150293],{"href":148609},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150295,150296],{},[587,150297,150298],{"href":148674},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150300,150301],{},[587,150302,62599],{"href":62598},[33,150304,150305],{},[587,150306,150307],{"href":149812},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1500,150309,150310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":150312},[150313,150314,150315,150316,150317,150318,150324,150330,150331,150339,150347],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":148903,"depth":98,"text":148904},{"id":149047,"depth":98,"text":149048},{"id":149140,"depth":98,"text":149141},{"id":149333,"depth":98,"text":149334,"children":150319},[150320,150321,150322,150323],{"id":553,"depth":332,"text":55841},{"id":425,"depth":332,"text":55844},{"id":149425,"depth":332,"text":149426},{"id":149468,"depth":332,"text":149469},{"id":149575,"depth":98,"text":150325,"children":150326},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150327,150328,150329],{"id":104629,"depth":332,"text":104630},{"id":104815,"depth":332,"text":104816},{"id":149726,"depth":332,"text":149727},{"id":20399,"depth":98,"text":20400},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":150332},[150333,150334,150335,150336,150338],{"id":149821,"depth":332,"text":149822},{"id":149901,"depth":332,"text":149902},{"id":149989,"depth":332,"text":149990},{"id":150028,"depth":332,"text":150337},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150157,"depth":332,"text":150158},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":150340},[150341,150342,150343,150344,150345],{"id":150230,"depth":332,"text":150231},{"id":150241,"depth":332,"text":150242},{"id":150248,"depth":332,"text":150249},{"id":150255,"depth":332,"text":150256},{"id":150262,"depth":332,"text":150346},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148660,"description":150348},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150355,"title":150356,"body":150357,"description":151902,"extension":1552,"meta":151903,"navigation":335,"path":151904,"seo":151905,"stem":151906,"__hash__":151907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150358,"toc":151872},[150359,150362,150367,150369,150382,150388,150390,150457,150459,150494,150499,150503,150507,150509,150520,150528,150530,150532,150553,150555,150575,150578,150580,150585,150628,150630,150652,150655,150668,150672,150676,150679,150732,150734,150755,150760,150764,150767,150812,150814,150847,150859,150863,150871,150908,150910,150939,150943,150946,150999,151001,151021,151028,151032,151037,151106,151108,151133,151137,151140,151146,151223,151225,151284,151286,151298,151303,151307,151311,151325,151327,151362,151364,151381,151384,151397,151401,151405,151416,151421,151436,151439,151442,151444,151447,151451,151453,151467,151469,151493,151498,151502,151505,151524,151527,151576,151581,151598,151601,151634,151638,151640,151691,151694,151719,151722,151745,151749,151755,151757,151792,151795,151800,151802,151806,151809,151813,151818,151822,151825,151829,151832,151836,151841,151843,151869],[10,150360,150356],{"id":150361},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150363,8714,150364,150366],{},[15,150365,37418],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150368,81971],{},[30,150370,150371,150376],{},[33,150372,150373,150375],{},[15,150374,37418],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150377,150378,150381],{},[15,150379,150380],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150383,150384,150385,150387],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150386,37418],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[59,150389,62],{"id":61},[64,150391,150393],{"className":66,"code":150392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150394,150395,150415,150429,150433,150443],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150396,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150398,523],{"class":79},[73,150400,84],{"class":83},[73,150402,528],{"class":105},[73,150404,404],{"class":315},[73,150406,149],{"class":105},[73,150408,409],{"class":315},[73,150410,149],{"class":105},[73,150412,414],{"class":315},[73,150414,229],{"class":105},[73,150416,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150418,1819],{"class":79},[73,150420,84],{"class":83},[73,150422,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150424,106],{"class":105},[73,150426,553],{"class":114},[73,150428,854],{"class":105},[73,150430,150431],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150432,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150434,150435,150437,150439,150441],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150436,102],{"class":101},[73,150438,106],{"class":105},[73,150440,1854],{"class":114},[73,150442,854],{"class":105},[73,150444,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,150446,102],{"class":101},[73,150448,106],{"class":105},[73,150450,1271],{"class":1270},[73,150452,106],{"class":105},[73,150454,1854],{"class":114},[73,150456,118],{"class":105},[20,150458,1660],{},[64,150460,150462],{"className":66,"code":150461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150463,150464,150480],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150465,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150467,106],{"class":105},[73,150469,404],{"class":315},[73,150471,149],{"class":105},[73,150473,409],{"class":315},[73,150475,149],{"class":105},[73,150477,414],{"class":315},[73,150479,854],{"class":105},[73,150481,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150483,2879],{"class":83},[73,150485,2882],{"class":633},[73,150487,152],{"class":87},[73,150489,48330],{"class":91},[73,150491,141],{"class":87},[73,150493,2891],{"class":83},[20,150495,121,150496,150498],{},[15,150497,150380],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[59,150500,150502],{"id":150501},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150504,150505,62307],{},[15,150506,37418],{},[20,150508,48304],{},[30,150510,150511,150514,150517],{},[33,150512,150513],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150515,150516],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150518,150519],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150521,150522,150523,150525,150526,817],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[587,150524,148675],{"href":148674}," or the full guide to ",[587,150527,147371],{"href":147370},[59,150529,285],{"id":284},[20,150531,26083],{},[64,150533,150535],{"className":66,"code":150534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150536,150537,150543],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150538,150539,150541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150540,48330],{"class":1270},[73,150542,8233],{"class":105},[73,150544,150545,150547,150549,150551],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150546,48330],{"class":1270},[73,150548,106],{"class":105},[73,150550,3306],{"class":114},[73,150552,854],{"class":105},[20,150554,261],{},[30,150556,150557,150560],{},[33,150558,150559],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150561,150562,150563],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150564,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573],{},[33,150566,428],{},[33,150568,425],{},[33,150570,62378],{},[33,150572,4893],{},[33,150574,6841],{},[20,150576,150577],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[59,150579,149048],{"id":149047},[20,150581,29247,150582,150584],{},[15,150583,37418],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[64,150586,150588],{"className":66,"code":150587,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150589,150590,150600,150604,150614],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150591,150592,150594,150596,150598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150593,124235],{"class":79},[73,150595,84],{"class":83},[73,150597,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150599,8233],{"class":105},[73,150601,150602],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150603,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150605,150606,150608,150610,150612],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150607,102],{"class":101},[73,150609,106],{"class":105},[73,150611,124286],{"class":114},[73,150613,854],{"class":105},[73,150615,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150617,102],{"class":101},[73,150619,106],{"class":105},[73,150621,1271],{"class":1270},[73,150623,106],{"class":105},[73,150625,124286],{"class":114},[73,150627,118],{"class":105},[20,150629,1660],{},[64,150631,150632],{"className":66,"code":149093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150633,150634,150638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150635,150636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150637,8233],{"class":105},[73,150639,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150641,2879],{"class":83},[73,150643,2882],{"class":633},[73,150645,152],{"class":87},[73,150647,48330],{"class":91},[73,150649,141],{"class":87},[73,150651,2891],{"class":83},[20,150653,150654],{},"This is equivalent to:",[64,150656,150658],{"className":66,"code":150657,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = ()\n",[15,150659,150660],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150661,150662,150664,150666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150663,124235],{"class":79},[73,150665,84],{"class":83},[73,150667,148713],{"class":105},[59,150669,150671],{"id":150670},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[292,150673,150675],{"id":150674},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150677,150678],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[64,150680,150682],{"className":66,"code":150681,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150683,150684,150704,150718,150722],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150685,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150687,523],{"class":79},[73,150689,84],{"class":83},[73,150691,528],{"class":105},[73,150693,1920],{"class":315},[73,150695,149],{"class":105},[73,150697,7380],{"class":315},[73,150699,149],{"class":105},[73,150701,7385],{"class":315},[73,150703,229],{"class":105},[73,150705,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150707,1819],{"class":79},[73,150709,84],{"class":83},[73,150711,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150713,106],{"class":105},[73,150715,553],{"class":114},[73,150717,854],{"class":105},[73,150719,150720],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150721,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150725,102],{"class":101},[73,150727,106],{"class":105},[73,150729,1854],{"class":114},[73,150731,854],{"class":105},[20,150733,1660],{},[64,150735,150737],{"className":66,"code":150736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150738,150739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150740,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150742,106],{"class":105},[73,150744,1920],{"class":315},[73,150746,149],{"class":105},[73,150748,7380],{"class":315},[73,150750,149],{"class":105},[73,150752,7385],{"class":315},[73,150754,854],{"class":105},[20,150756,150757,150758,817],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[587,150759,104435],{"href":59436},[292,150761,150763],{"id":150762},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150765,150766],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[64,150768,150770],{"className":66,"code":150769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150771,150772,150784,150798,150802],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150775,461],{"class":79},[73,150777,84],{"class":83},[73,150779,88],{"class":87},[73,150781,36418],{"class":91},[73,150783,95],{"class":87},[73,150785,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794,150796],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150787,1819],{"class":79},[73,150789,84],{"class":83},[73,150791,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150793,106],{"class":105},[73,150795,482],{"class":114},[73,150797,854],{"class":105},[73,150799,150800],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150801,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150803,150804,150806,150808,150810],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150805,102],{"class":101},[73,150807,106],{"class":105},[73,150809,1854],{"class":114},[73,150811,854],{"class":105},[20,150813,1660],{},[64,150815,150817],{"className":66,"code":150816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150818,150819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150820,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150822,106],{"class":105},[73,150824,141],{"class":87},[73,150826,9332],{"class":91},[73,150828,141],{"class":87},[73,150830,149],{"class":105},[73,150832,152],{"class":87},[73,150834,587],{"class":91},[73,150836,141],{"class":87},[73,150838,149],{"class":105},[73,150840,152],{"class":87},[73,150842,62668],{"class":91},[73,150844,141],{"class":87},[73,150846,854],{"class":105},[20,150848,150849,150850,13651,150853,150855,150856,817],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150851,150852],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[55,150854,806],{}," create ",[15,150857,150858],{},"('cat',)",[292,150860,150862],{"id":150861},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150864,150865,150867,150868,150870],{},[15,150866,35568],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150869,37418],{}," collects them all.",[64,150872,150874],{"className":66,"code":150873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150875,150876,150894,150898],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150877,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150879,1819],{"class":79},[73,150881,84],{"class":83},[73,150883,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150885,106],{"class":105},[73,150887,59379],{"class":101},[73,150889,106],{"class":105},[73,150891,1727],{"class":315},[73,150893,118],{"class":105},[73,150895,150896],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150897,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150899,150900,150902,150904,150906],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150901,102],{"class":101},[73,150903,106],{"class":105},[73,150905,1854],{"class":114},[73,150907,854],{"class":105},[20,150909,1660],{},[64,150911,150913],{"className":66,"code":150912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150914,150915],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150916,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150918,106],{"class":105},[73,150920,1710],{"class":315},[73,150922,149],{"class":105},[73,150924,5084],{"class":315},[73,150926,149],{"class":105},[73,150928,409],{"class":315},[73,150930,149],{"class":105},[73,150932,414],{"class":315},[73,150934,149],{"class":105},[73,150936,2047],{"class":315},[73,150938,854],{"class":105},[292,150940,150942],{"id":150941},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150944,150945],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[64,150947,150949],{"className":66,"code":150948,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150950,150951,150971,150985,150989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150952,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965,150967,150969],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150954,3409],{"class":79},[73,150956,84],{"class":83},[73,150958,10083],{"class":105},[73,150960,404],{"class":315},[73,150962,149],{"class":105},[73,150964,409],{"class":315},[73,150966,149],{"class":105},[73,150968,414],{"class":315},[73,150970,8901],{"class":105},[73,150972,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981,150983],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,150974,1819],{"class":79},[73,150976,84],{"class":83},[73,150978,148737],{"class":1270},[73,150980,106],{"class":105},[73,150982,4945],{"class":114},[73,150984,854],{"class":105},[73,150986,150987],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,150988,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,150990,150991,150993,150995,150997],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,150992,102],{"class":101},[73,150994,106],{"class":105},[73,150996,1854],{"class":114},[73,150998,854],{"class":105},[20,151000,1660],{},[64,151002,151003],{"className":66,"code":148950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,151004,151005],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151006,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151008,106],{"class":105},[73,151010,404],{"class":315},[73,151012,149],{"class":105},[73,151014,409],{"class":315},[73,151016,149],{"class":105},[73,151018,414],{"class":315},[73,151020,854],{"class":105},[20,151022,151023,151024,817],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[587,151025,151027],{"href":151026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[292,151029,151031],{"id":151030},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151033,62921,151034,151036],{},[15,151035,37418],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[64,151038,151040],{"className":66,"code":151039,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151041,151042,151078,151092,151096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151043,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151045,12802],{"class":79},[73,151047,84],{"class":83},[73,151049,10083],{"class":105},[73,151051,384],{"class":87},[73,151053,115],{"class":91},[73,151055,384],{"class":87},[73,151057,2475],{"class":105},[73,151059,88],{"class":87},[73,151061,12477],{"class":91},[73,151063,384],{"class":87},[73,151065,149],{"class":105},[73,151067,88],{"class":87},[73,151069,8891],{"class":91},[73,151071,384],{"class":87},[73,151073,2475],{"class":105},[73,151075,8898],{"class":315},[73,151077,8901],{"class":105},[73,151079,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151081,1819],{"class":79},[73,151083,84],{"class":83},[73,151085,148737],{"class":1270},[73,151087,106],{"class":105},[73,151089,16905],{"class":114},[73,151091,854],{"class":105},[73,151093,151094],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,151095,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,151097,151098,151100,151102,151104],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,151099,102],{"class":101},[73,151101,106],{"class":105},[73,151103,1854],{"class":114},[73,151105,854],{"class":105},[20,151107,29627],{},[64,151109,151111],{"className":66,"code":151110,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151112,151113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151114,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151116,106],{"class":105},[73,151118,141],{"class":87},[73,151120,115],{"class":91},[73,151122,141],{"class":87},[73,151124,149],{"class":105},[73,151126,152],{"class":87},[73,151128,8891],{"class":91},[73,151130,141],{"class":87},[73,151132,854],{"class":105},[59,151134,151136],{"id":151135},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151138,151139],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151141,151142,151145],{},[15,151143,151144],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[64,151147,151149],{"className":66,"code":151148,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151150,151151,151187,151191,151205],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151154,12802],{"class":79},[73,151156,84],{"class":83},[73,151158,10083],{"class":105},[73,151160,384],{"class":87},[73,151162,115],{"class":91},[73,151164,384],{"class":87},[73,151166,2475],{"class":105},[73,151168,88],{"class":87},[73,151170,12477],{"class":91},[73,151172,384],{"class":87},[73,151174,149],{"class":105},[73,151176,88],{"class":87},[73,151178,8891],{"class":91},[73,151180,384],{"class":87},[73,151182,2475],{"class":105},[73,151184,8898],{"class":315},[73,151186,8901],{"class":105},[73,151188,151189],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151190,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,151192,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,151194,102],{"class":101},[73,151196,106],{"class":105},[73,151198,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151200,106],{"class":105},[73,151202,16905],{"class":114},[73,151204,118],{"class":105},[73,151206,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,151208,102],{"class":101},[73,151210,106],{"class":105},[73,151212,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151214,106],{"class":105},[73,151216,16905],{"class":114},[73,151218,817],{"class":105},[73,151220,7400],{"class":114},[73,151222,5878],{"class":105},[20,151224,1660],{},[64,151226,151228],{"className":66,"code":151227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151229,151230,151250],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151231,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151233,106],{"class":105},[73,151235,141],{"class":87},[73,151237,115],{"class":91},[73,151239,141],{"class":87},[73,151241,149],{"class":105},[73,151243,152],{"class":87},[73,151245,8891],{"class":91},[73,151247,141],{"class":87},[73,151249,854],{"class":105},[73,151251,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151253,5097],{"class":105},[73,151255,141],{"class":87},[73,151257,115],{"class":91},[73,151259,141],{"class":87},[73,151261,149],{"class":105},[73,151263,152],{"class":87},[73,151265,12477],{"class":91},[73,151267,141],{"class":87},[73,151269,8825],{"class":105},[73,151271,8828],{"class":105},[73,151273,141],{"class":87},[73,151275,8891],{"class":91},[73,151277,141],{"class":87},[73,151279,149],{"class":105},[73,151281,8898],{"class":315},[73,151283,118],{"class":105},[20,151285,18293],{},[30,151287,151288,151293],{},[33,151289,151290,151292],{},[15,151291,151144],{}," for keys",[33,151294,151295,32154],{},[15,151296,151297],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151299,151300,151301,817],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[587,151302,62931],{"href":62930},[59,151304,151306],{"id":151305},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151308,151309,17918],{},[15,151310,37418],{},[30,151312,151313,151316,151319,151322],{},[33,151314,151315],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151317,151318],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151320,151321],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151323,151324],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151326,714],{},[64,151328,151330],{"className":66,"code":151329,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151331,151332,151351],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151333,151334,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151335,151336],{"class":79},"coordinates ",[73,151338,84],{"class":83},[73,151340,148737],{"class":1270},[73,151342,401],{"class":105},[73,151344,2095],{"class":315},[73,151346,149],{"class":105},[73,151348,5581],{"class":315},[73,151350,3475],{"class":105},[73,151352,151353,151355,151357,151360],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151354,102],{"class":101},[73,151356,106],{"class":105},[73,151358,151359],{"class":114},"coordinates",[73,151361,854],{"class":105},[20,151363,1660],{},[64,151365,151367],{"className":66,"code":151366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151368,151369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151370,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151372,106],{"class":105},[73,151374,2095],{"class":315},[73,151376,149],{"class":105},[73,151378,5581],{"class":315},[73,151380,854],{"class":105},[20,151382,151383],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151385,151386,151388,151391,151394],{},[33,151387,151359],{},[33,151389,151390],{},"RGB colors",[33,151392,151393],{},"dates",[33,151395,151396],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[59,151398,151400],{"id":151399},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151402,43804,151403,10193],{},[15,151404,37418],{},[30,151406,151407,151410,151413],{},[33,151408,151409],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151411,151412],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151414,151415],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151417,115862,151418,151420],{},[55,151419,806],{}," work:",[64,151422,151424],{"className":66,"code":151423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151425,151426],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151427,151428,151430,151432,151434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151429,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151431,106],{"class":105},[73,151433,1727],{"class":315},[73,151435,854],{"class":105},[20,151437,151438],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151440,151441],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[59,151443,114700],{"id":114699},[20,151445,151446],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[292,151448,151450],{"id":151449},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151452,2426],{},[64,151454,151455],{"className":66,"code":151423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,151456,151457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151458,151459,151461,151463,151465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151460,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151462,106],{"class":105},[73,151464,1727],{"class":315},[73,151466,854],{"class":105},[20,151468,29278],{},[64,151470,151471],{"className":66,"code":63035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,151472,151473],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151474,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151476,2594],{"class":1270},[73,151478,2475],{"class":105},[73,151480,152],{"class":87},[73,151482,1778],{"class":91},[73,151484,141],{"class":87},[73,151486,24217],{"class":1270},[73,151488,7687],{"class":83},[73,151490,7690],{"class":83},[73,151492,63058],{"class":79},[20,151494,151495,151496,817],{},"If you see this, read ",[587,151497,61672],{"href":51978},[292,151499,151501],{"id":151500},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151503,151504],{},"This code:",[64,151506,151508],{"className":66,"code":151507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151509,151510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151511,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151513,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151515,106],{"class":105},[73,151517,384],{"class":87},[73,151519,92],{"class":91},[73,151521,384],{"class":87},[73,151523,854],{"class":105},[20,151525,151526],{},"returns:",[64,151528,151530],{"className":66,"code":151529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151531,151532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151533,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151535,106],{"class":105},[73,151537,141],{"class":87},[73,151539,59819],{"class":91},[73,151541,141],{"class":87},[73,151543,149],{"class":105},[73,151545,152],{"class":87},[73,151547,59828],{"class":91},[73,151549,141],{"class":87},[73,151551,149],{"class":105},[73,151553,152],{"class":87},[73,151555,59837],{"class":91},[73,151557,141],{"class":87},[73,151559,149],{"class":105},[73,151561,152],{"class":87},[73,151563,59837],{"class":91},[73,151565,141],{"class":87},[73,151567,149],{"class":105},[73,151569,152],{"class":87},[73,151571,59854],{"class":91},[73,151573,141],{"class":87},[73,151575,854],{"class":105},[20,151577,40279,151578,151580],{},[55,151579,806],{}," return:",[64,151582,151584],{"className":66,"code":151583,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('hello',)\n",[15,151585,151586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151587,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151589,106],{"class":105},[73,151591,141],{"class":87},[73,151593,92],{"class":91},[73,151595,141],{"class":87},[73,151597,148727],{"class":105},[20,151599,151600],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[64,151602,151604],{"className":66,"code":151603,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151605,151606,151623],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151607,151608,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151609,151610],{"class":79},"single ",[73,151612,84],{"class":83},[73,151614,8828],{"class":105},[73,151616,384],{"class":87},[73,151618,92],{"class":91},[73,151620,384],{"class":87},[73,151622,148727],{"class":105},[73,151624,151625,151627,151629,151632],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151626,102],{"class":101},[73,151628,106],{"class":105},[73,151630,151631],{"class":114},"single",[73,151633,854],{"class":105},[292,151635,151637],{"id":151636},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151639,151504],{},[64,151641,151643],{"className":66,"code":151642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151644,151645,151677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151646,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151648,8757],{"class":79},[73,151650,84],{"class":83},[73,151652,10083],{"class":105},[73,151654,384],{"class":87},[73,151656,587],{"class":91},[73,151658,384],{"class":87},[73,151660,2475],{"class":105},[73,151662,5084],{"class":315},[73,151664,149],{"class":105},[73,151666,88],{"class":87},[73,151668,4350],{"class":91},[73,151670,384],{"class":87},[73,151672,2475],{"class":105},[73,151674,409],{"class":315},[73,151676,8901],{"class":105},[73,151678,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151680,102],{"class":101},[73,151682,106],{"class":105},[73,151684,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151686,106],{"class":105},[73,151688,8796],{"class":114},[73,151690,118],{"class":105},[20,151692,151693],{},"returns only the keys:",[64,151695,151697],{"className":66,"code":151696,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151698,151699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151700,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151702,106],{"class":105},[73,151704,141],{"class":87},[73,151706,587],{"class":91},[73,151708,141],{"class":87},[73,151710,149],{"class":105},[73,151712,152],{"class":87},[73,151714,4350],{"class":91},[73,151716,141],{"class":87},[73,151718,854],{"class":105},[20,151720,151721],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[64,151723,151725],{"className":66,"code":151724,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151726,151727],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151730,102],{"class":101},[73,151732,106],{"class":105},[73,151734,48330],{"class":1270},[73,151736,106],{"class":105},[73,151738,8796],{"class":114},[73,151740,817],{"class":105},[73,151742,7400],{"class":114},[73,151744,5878],{"class":105},[292,151746,151748],{"id":151747},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151750,151751,151752,151754],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151753,37418],{}," conversion.",[20,151756,820],{},[64,151758,151760],{"className":66,"code":151759,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151761,151762,151782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151763,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151765,2037],{"class":79},[73,151767,84],{"class":83},[73,151769,8828],{"class":105},[73,151771,404],{"class":315},[73,151773,149],{"class":105},[73,151775,409],{"class":315},[73,151777,149],{"class":105},[73,151779,414],{"class":315},[73,151781,854],{"class":105},[73,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151785,102],{"class":101},[73,151787,106],{"class":105},[73,151789,2063],{"class":114},[73,151791,854],{"class":105},[20,151793,151794],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151796,25103,151797,151799],{},[15,151798,37418],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[59,151801,1405],{"id":1404},[292,151803,151805],{"id":151804},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151807,151808],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[292,151810,151812],{"id":151811},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151814,151815,151816,817],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151817,6956],{},[292,151819,151821],{"id":151820},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151823,151824],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[292,151826,151828],{"id":151827},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151830,151831],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[292,151833,151835],{"id":151834},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151837,151838,151839,817],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151840,2594],{},[59,151842,1461],{"id":1460},[30,151844,151845,151849,151853,151857,151861,151865],{},[33,151846,151847],{},[587,151848,147371],{"href":147370},[33,151850,151851],{},[587,151852,150298],{"href":148674},[33,151854,151855],{},[587,151856,104435],{"href":59436},[33,151858,151859],{},[587,151860,151027],{"href":151026},[33,151862,151863],{},[587,151864,62931],{"href":62930},[33,151866,151867],{},[587,151868,61672],{"href":51978},[1500,151870,151871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":151873},[151874,151875,151876,151877,151878,151885,151886,151887,151888,151894,151901],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":150501,"depth":98,"text":150502},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":149047,"depth":98,"text":149048},{"id":150670,"depth":98,"text":150671,"children":151879},[151880,151881,151882,151883,151884],{"id":150674,"depth":332,"text":150675},{"id":150762,"depth":332,"text":150763},{"id":150861,"depth":332,"text":150862},{"id":150941,"depth":332,"text":150942},{"id":151030,"depth":332,"text":151031},{"id":151135,"depth":98,"text":151136},{"id":151305,"depth":98,"text":151306},{"id":151399,"depth":98,"text":151400},{"id":114699,"depth":98,"text":114700,"children":151889},[151890,151891,151892,151893],{"id":151449,"depth":332,"text":151450},{"id":151500,"depth":332,"text":151501},{"id":151636,"depth":332,"text":151637},{"id":151747,"depth":332,"text":151748},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":151895},[151896,151897,151898,151899,151900],{"id":151804,"depth":332,"text":151805},{"id":151811,"depth":332,"text":151812},{"id":151820,"depth":332,"text":151821},{"id":151827,"depth":332,"text":151828},{"id":151834,"depth":332,"text":151835},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150356,"description":151902},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151909,"title":151910,"body":151911,"description":153324,"extension":1552,"meta":153325,"navigation":335,"path":153326,"seo":153327,"stem":153328,"__hash__":153329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151912,"toc":153296},[151913,151918,151923,151926,151928,152007,152013,152018,152022,152037,152039,152086,152088,152096,152104,152110,152112,152117,152137,152140,152167,152169,152193,152195,152337,152339,152343,152351,152354,152356,152433,152435,152443,152447,152451,152461,152471,152473,152478,152480,152539,152544,152546,152646,152648,152662,152667,152673,152680,152683,152685,152795,152799,152816,152818,152881,152883,152891,152903,152907,152912,152940,152943,153025,153027,153038,153040,153044,153071,153073,153075,153155,153163,153165,153220,153222,153227,153230,153234,153238,153240,153244,153248,153256,153263,153266,153268,153293],[10,151914,147255,151916,10916],{"id":151915},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151917,58348],{},[20,151919,151920,151922],{},[15,151921,148576],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151924,151925],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[59,151927,62],{"id":61},[64,151929,151931],{"className":66,"code":151930,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151932,151933,151973,151995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151934,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151936,12673],{"class":79},[73,151938,84],{"class":83},[73,151940,8828],{"class":105},[73,151942,384],{"class":87},[73,151944,12690],{"class":91},[73,151946,384],{"class":87},[73,151948,149],{"class":105},[73,151950,88],{"class":87},[73,151952,12707],{"class":91},[73,151954,384],{"class":87},[73,151956,149],{"class":105},[73,151958,88],{"class":87},[73,151960,17054],{"class":91},[73,151962,384],{"class":87},[73,151964,149],{"class":105},[73,151966,88],{"class":87},[73,151968,12707],{"class":91},[73,151970,384],{"class":87},[73,151972,854],{"class":105},[73,151974,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,151976,64301],{"class":79},[73,151978,84],{"class":83},[73,151980,12721],{"class":79},[73,151982,817],{"class":105},[73,151984,35215],{"class":114},[73,151986,106],{"class":105},[73,151988,384],{"class":87},[73,151990,12707],{"class":91},[73,151992,384],{"class":87},[73,151994,854],{"class":105},[73,151996,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,151998,102],{"class":101},[73,152000,106],{"class":105},[73,152002,64328],{"class":114},[73,152004,3246],{"class":105},[73,152006,27376],{"class":3249},[20,152008,152009,152012],{},[15,152010,152011],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[59,152014,236,152016,239],{"id":152015},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152017,148576],{},[20,152019,1569,152020,11007],{},[15,152021,58348],{},[30,152023,152024,152027,152029,152032],{},[33,152025,152026],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152028,127853],{},[33,152030,152031],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152033,152034,152035],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152036,1710],{},[20,152038,714],{},[64,152040,152042],{"className":66,"code":152041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152043,152044,152068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152045,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152047,523],{"class":79},[73,152049,84],{"class":83},[73,152051,8828],{"class":105},[73,152053,1920],{"class":315},[73,152055,149],{"class":105},[73,152057,7380],{"class":315},[73,152059,149],{"class":105},[73,152061,7385],{"class":315},[73,152063,149],{"class":105},[73,152065,7380],{"class":315},[73,152067,854],{"class":105},[73,152069,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152071,102],{"class":101},[73,152073,106],{"class":105},[73,152075,553],{"class":114},[73,152077,817],{"class":105},[73,152079,35215],{"class":114},[73,152081,106],{"class":105},[73,152083,15352],{"class":315},[73,152085,118],{"class":105},[20,152087,1660],{},[64,152089,152090],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152091,152092],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152093,152094],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152095,46293],{"class":315},[20,152097,20577,152098,152100,152101,152103],{},[15,152099,15352],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152102,58348],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152105,150522,152106,817],{},[587,152107,152109],{"href":152108},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[59,152111,285],{"id":284},[20,152113,7352,152114,152116],{},[15,152115,58348],{}," in two ways:",[64,152118,152120],{"className":66,"code":152119,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152121,152122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152123,152124,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152125,152126],{"class":79},"tuple_name",[73,152128,817],{"class":105},[73,152130,35215],{"class":114},[73,152132,106],{"class":105},[73,152134,2063],{"class":114},[73,152136,854],{"class":105},[20,152138,152139],{},"or:",[64,152141,152143],{"className":66,"code":152142,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152144,152145],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152146,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152148,152126],{"class":79},[73,152150,817],{"class":105},[73,152152,35215],{"class":114},[73,152154,106],{"class":105},[73,152156,2063],{"class":114},[73,152158,149],{"class":105},[73,152160,35421],{"class":114},[73,152162,149],{"class":105},[73,152164,64422],{"class":114},[73,152166,854],{"class":105},[292,152168,16993],{"id":16992},[30,152170,152171,152176,152181,152186],{},[33,152172,152173,152175],{},[15,152174,2063],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152177,152178,152180],{},[15,152179,35442],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152182,152183,152185],{},[15,152184,52039],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152187,152188,4373,152190,152192],{},[15,152189,52039],{},[55,152191,64451],{}," in the search",[20,152194,714],{},[64,152196,152198],{"className":66,"code":152197,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152199,152200,152248,152252,152277,152305],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152201,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152203,35460],{"class":79},[73,152205,84],{"class":83},[73,152207,8828],{"class":105},[73,152209,384],{"class":87},[73,152211,587],{"class":91},[73,152213,384],{"class":87},[73,152215,149],{"class":105},[73,152217,88],{"class":87},[73,152219,4350],{"class":91},[73,152221,384],{"class":87},[73,152223,149],{"class":105},[73,152225,88],{"class":87},[73,152227,9332],{"class":91},[73,152229,384],{"class":87},[73,152231,149],{"class":105},[73,152233,88],{"class":87},[73,152235,4350],{"class":91},[73,152237,384],{"class":87},[73,152239,149],{"class":105},[73,152241,88],{"class":87},[73,152243,18366],{"class":91},[73,152245,384],{"class":87},[73,152247,854],{"class":105},[73,152249,152250],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152251,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,152253,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152255,102],{"class":101},[73,152257,106],{"class":105},[73,152259,35513],{"class":114},[73,152261,817],{"class":105},[73,152263,35215],{"class":114},[73,152265,106],{"class":105},[73,152267,384],{"class":87},[73,152269,4350],{"class":91},[73,152271,384],{"class":87},[73,152273,4948],{"class":105},[73,152275,152276],{"class":3249},"        # 1\n",[73,152278,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,152280,102],{"class":101},[73,152282,106],{"class":105},[73,152284,35513],{"class":114},[73,152286,817],{"class":105},[73,152288,35215],{"class":114},[73,152290,106],{"class":105},[73,152292,384],{"class":87},[73,152294,4350],{"class":91},[73,152296,384],{"class":87},[73,152298,149],{"class":105},[73,152300,409],{"class":315},[73,152302,4948],{"class":105},[73,152304,50296],{"class":3249},[73,152306,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,152308,102],{"class":101},[73,152310,106],{"class":105},[73,152312,35513],{"class":114},[73,152314,817],{"class":105},[73,152316,35215],{"class":114},[73,152318,106],{"class":105},[73,152320,384],{"class":87},[73,152322,4350],{"class":91},[73,152324,384],{"class":87},[73,152326,149],{"class":105},[73,152328,5084],{"class":315},[73,152330,149],{"class":105},[73,152332,414],{"class":315},[73,152334,4948],{"class":105},[73,152336,27376],{"class":3249},[59,152338,102762],{"id":102761},[20,152340,152341,25106],{},[15,152342,148576],{},[30,152344,152345,152348],{},[33,152346,152347],{},"An integer",[33,152349,152350],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152352,152353],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152355,714],{},[64,152357,152359],{"className":66,"code":152358,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152360,152361,152401,152423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152362,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152364,107861],{"class":79},[73,152366,84],{"class":83},[73,152368,8828],{"class":105},[73,152370,384],{"class":87},[73,152372,36418],{"class":91},[73,152374,384],{"class":87},[73,152376,149],{"class":105},[73,152378,88],{"class":87},[73,152380,57507],{"class":91},[73,152382,384],{"class":87},[73,152384,149],{"class":105},[73,152386,88],{"class":87},[73,152388,57524],{"class":91},[73,152390,384],{"class":87},[73,152392,149],{"class":105},[73,152394,88],{"class":87},[73,152396,57507],{"class":91},[73,152398,384],{"class":87},[73,152400,854],{"class":105},[73,152402,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152404,1819],{"class":79},[73,152406,84],{"class":83},[73,152408,107904],{"class":79},[73,152410,817],{"class":105},[73,152412,35215],{"class":114},[73,152414,106],{"class":105},[73,152416,384],{"class":87},[73,152418,57507],{"class":91},[73,152420,384],{"class":87},[73,152422,854],{"class":105},[73,152424,152425,152427,152429,152431],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152426,102],{"class":101},[73,152428,106],{"class":105},[73,152430,1854],{"class":114},[73,152432,854],{"class":105},[20,152434,1660],{},[64,152436,152437],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152438,152439],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152440,152441],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152442,46293],{"class":315},[59,152444,152446],{"id":152445},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152448,121,152449,10193],{},[15,152450,148576],{},[30,152452,152453,152455,152458],{},[33,152454,65480],{},[33,152456,152457],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152459,152460],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152462,152463,152464,152467,152468,817],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152465,152466],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[587,152469,149044],{"href":152470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[59,152472,65012],{"id":65011},[20,152474,152475,152476,817],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152477,40077],{},[20,152479,714],{},[64,152481,152483],{"className":66,"code":152482,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152484,152485,152517],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152486,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152488,12673],{"class":79},[73,152490,84],{"class":83},[73,152492,8828],{"class":105},[73,152494,384],{"class":87},[73,152496,12690],{"class":91},[73,152498,384],{"class":87},[73,152500,149],{"class":105},[73,152502,88],{"class":87},[73,152504,12707],{"class":91},[73,152506,384],{"class":87},[73,152508,149],{"class":105},[73,152510,88],{"class":87},[73,152512,17054],{"class":91},[73,152514,384],{"class":87},[73,152516,854],{"class":105},[73,152518,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152520,102],{"class":101},[73,152522,106],{"class":105},[73,152524,17101],{"class":114},[73,152526,817],{"class":105},[73,152528,35215],{"class":114},[73,152530,106],{"class":105},[73,152532,384],{"class":87},[73,152534,22123],{"class":91},[73,152536,384],{"class":87},[73,152538,118],{"class":105},[20,152540,39026,152541,152543],{},[15,152542,109186],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152545,65087],{},[64,152547,152549],{"className":66,"code":152548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152550,152551,152583,152587,152603,152625,152631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152552,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152554,12673],{"class":79},[73,152556,84],{"class":83},[73,152558,8828],{"class":105},[73,152560,384],{"class":87},[73,152562,12690],{"class":91},[73,152564,384],{"class":87},[73,152566,149],{"class":105},[73,152568,88],{"class":87},[73,152570,12707],{"class":91},[73,152572,384],{"class":87},[73,152574,149],{"class":105},[73,152576,88],{"class":87},[73,152578,17054],{"class":91},[73,152580,384],{"class":87},[73,152582,854],{"class":105},[73,152584,152585],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152586,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,152588,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152590,6588],{"class":646},[73,152592,88],{"class":87},[73,152594,22123],{"class":91},[73,152596,384],{"class":87},[73,152598,20773],{"class":83},[73,152600,12721],{"class":79},[73,152602,5982],{"class":105},[73,152604,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,152606,7659],{"class":101},[73,152608,106],{"class":105},[73,152610,17101],{"class":114},[73,152612,817],{"class":105},[73,152614,35215],{"class":114},[73,152616,106],{"class":105},[73,152618,384],{"class":87},[73,152620,22123],{"class":91},[73,152622,384],{"class":87},[73,152624,118],{"class":105},[73,152626,152627,152629],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,152628,27030],{"class":646},[73,152630,5982],{"class":105},[73,152632,152633,152635,152637,152639,152642,152644],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,152634,7659],{"class":101},[73,152636,106],{"class":105},[73,152638,384],{"class":87},[73,152640,152641],{"class":91},"Value not found",[73,152643,384],{"class":87},[73,152645,854],{"class":105},[20,152647,1660],{},[64,152649,152651],{"className":66,"code":152650,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Value not found\n",[15,152652,152653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152654,152655,152658,152660],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152656,152657],{"class":79},"Value ",[73,152659,806],{"class":83},[73,152661,65211],{"class":79},[20,152663,152664,152665,817],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[587,152666,65221],{"href":65220},[59,152668,438,152669,355,152671],{"id":64788},[15,152670,35442],{},[15,152672,52039],{},[20,152674,1569,152675,355,152677,152679],{},[15,152676,35442],{},[15,152678,52039],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152681,152682],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152684,714],{},[64,152686,152688],{"className":66,"code":152687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152689,152690,152718,152722,152743,152767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152691,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152693,3409],{"class":79},[73,152695,84],{"class":83},[73,152697,8828],{"class":105},[73,152699,1727],{"class":315},[73,152701,149],{"class":105},[73,152703,5592],{"class":315},[73,152705,149],{"class":105},[73,152707,4194],{"class":315},[73,152709,149],{"class":105},[73,152711,7380],{"class":315},[73,152713,149],{"class":105},[73,152715,4194],{"class":315},[73,152717,854],{"class":105},[73,152719,152720],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152721,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,152723,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152725,102],{"class":101},[73,152727,106],{"class":105},[73,152729,4945],{"class":114},[73,152731,817],{"class":105},[73,152733,35215],{"class":114},[73,152735,106],{"class":105},[73,152737,1727],{"class":315},[73,152739,4948],{"class":105},[73,152741,152742],{"class":3249},"        # 0\n",[73,152744,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,152746,102],{"class":101},[73,152748,106],{"class":105},[73,152750,4945],{"class":114},[73,152752,817],{"class":105},[73,152754,35215],{"class":114},[73,152756,106],{"class":105},[73,152758,1727],{"class":315},[73,152760,149],{"class":105},[73,152762,5084],{"class":315},[73,152764,4948],{"class":105},[73,152766,50330],{"class":3249},[73,152768,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,152770,102],{"class":101},[73,152772,106],{"class":105},[73,152774,4945],{"class":114},[73,152776,817],{"class":105},[73,152778,35215],{"class":114},[73,152780,106],{"class":105},[73,152782,1727],{"class":315},[73,152784,149],{"class":105},[73,152786,414],{"class":315},[73,152788,149],{"class":105},[73,152790,4194],{"class":315},[73,152792,4948],{"class":105},[73,152794,50313],{"class":3249},[292,152796,152798],{"id":152797},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,152800,152801,152806,152811],{},[33,152802,152803,152805],{},[15,152804,35442],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,152807,152808,152810],{},[15,152809,52039],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,152812,1569,152813,152815],{},[15,152814,52039],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152817,714],{},[64,152819,152821],{"className":66,"code":152820,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152822,152823,152851,152855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152824,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152826,3409],{"class":79},[73,152828,84],{"class":83},[73,152830,8828],{"class":105},[73,152832,1727],{"class":315},[73,152834,149],{"class":105},[73,152836,5592],{"class":315},[73,152838,149],{"class":105},[73,152840,4194],{"class":315},[73,152842,149],{"class":105},[73,152844,7380],{"class":315},[73,152846,149],{"class":105},[73,152848,4194],{"class":315},[73,152850,854],{"class":105},[73,152852,152853],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152854,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,152856,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152858,102],{"class":101},[73,152860,106],{"class":105},[73,152862,4945],{"class":114},[73,152864,817],{"class":105},[73,152866,35215],{"class":114},[73,152868,106],{"class":105},[73,152870,1727],{"class":315},[73,152872,149],{"class":105},[73,152874,5084],{"class":315},[73,152876,149],{"class":105},[73,152878,2047],{"class":315},[73,152880,118],{"class":105},[20,152882,1660],{},[64,152884,152885],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152886,152887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152888,152889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152890,16655],{"class":315},[20,152892,152893,152894,995,152896,1002,152898,152900,152901,817],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152895,404],{},[15,152897,1646],{},[15,152899,1652],{},", but not ",[15,152902,2095],{},[59,152904,152906],{"id":152905},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152908,152909,152910,2475],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152911,148576],{},[30,152913,152914,152922,152927,152934],{},[33,152915,152916,152917,152919,152920],{},"Do not confuse the ",[55,152918,2063],{}," with the ",[55,152921,35215],{},[33,152923,152924,152925],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152926,1710],{},[33,152928,121,152929,152933],{},[587,152930,148602,152931,10333],{"href":148654},[15,152932,56670],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,152935,152936,152937,152939],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152938,152466],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152941,152942],{},"Example of value vs index:",[64,152944,152946],{"className":66,"code":152945,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152947,152948,152980,152984,153008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152949,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152951,35609],{"class":79},[73,152953,84],{"class":83},[73,152955,8828],{"class":105},[73,152957,384],{"class":87},[73,152959,3666],{"class":91},[73,152961,384],{"class":87},[73,152963,149],{"class":105},[73,152965,88],{"class":87},[73,152967,3675],{"class":91},[73,152969,384],{"class":87},[73,152971,149],{"class":105},[73,152973,88],{"class":87},[73,152975,32818],{"class":91},[73,152977,384],{"class":87},[73,152979,854],{"class":105},[73,152981,152982],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,152983,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,152985,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,152987,102],{"class":101},[73,152989,106],{"class":105},[73,152991,35661],{"class":114},[73,152993,817],{"class":105},[73,152995,35215],{"class":114},[73,152997,106],{"class":105},[73,152999,384],{"class":87},[73,153001,3675],{"class":91},[73,153003,384],{"class":87},[73,153005,4948],{"class":105},[73,153007,27376],{"class":3249},[73,153009,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153011,102],{"class":101},[73,153013,106],{"class":105},[73,153015,35661],{"class":114},[73,153017,138],{"class":105},[73,153019,404],{"class":315},[73,153021,20045],{"class":105},[73,153023,153024],{"class":3249},"               # banana\n",[20,153026,1768],{},[30,153028,153029,153033],{},[33,153030,153031,14845],{},[15,153032,64656],{},[33,153034,153035,153037],{},[15,153036,404],{}," is the index",[59,153039,1207],{"id":1206},[20,153041,105500,153042,2475],{},[15,153043,148576],{},[30,153045,153046,153049,153054,153059,153066],{},[33,153047,153048],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153050,8044,153051,153053],{},[15,153052,58348],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153055,153056,153057],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153058,1710],{},[33,153060,153061,153062,355,153064],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153063,35442],{},[15,153065,52039],{},[33,153067,36575,153068,153070],{},[15,153069,148576],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[292,153072,60091],{"id":60090},[20,153074,93762],{},[64,153076,153078],{"className":66,"code":153077,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153079,153080,153090,153104,153119,153137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153081,153082,153084,153086,153088],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153083,102],{"class":101},[73,153085,106],{"class":105},[73,153087,147389],{"class":114},[73,153089,854],{"class":105},[73,153091,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153093,102],{"class":101},[73,153095,106],{"class":105},[73,153097,10755],{"class":101},[73,153099,106],{"class":105},[73,153101,147389],{"class":114},[73,153103,118],{"class":105},[73,153105,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153117],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153107,102],{"class":101},[73,153109,106],{"class":105},[73,153111,2037],{"class":114},[73,153113,3469],{"class":646},[73,153115,153116],{"class":114}," my_tuple",[73,153118,854],{"class":105},[73,153120,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153122,102],{"class":101},[73,153124,106],{"class":105},[73,153126,147389],{"class":114},[73,153128,817],{"class":105},[73,153130,40633],{"class":114},[73,153132,106],{"class":105},[73,153134,2063],{"class":114},[73,153136,118],{"class":105},[73,153138,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153140,102],{"class":101},[73,153142,106],{"class":105},[73,153144,147389],{"class":114},[73,153146,817],{"class":105},[73,153148,35215],{"class":114},[73,153150,106],{"class":105},[73,153152,2063],{"class":114},[73,153154,118],{"class":105},[20,153156,153157,153158,83779,153160,153162],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153159,40077],{},[15,153161,2063],{}," is missing.",[20,153164,129006],{},[64,153166,153168],{"className":66,"code":153167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153169,153170,153182,153200,153206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153171,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153173,6588],{"class":646},[73,153175,21184],{"class":79},[73,153177,3469],{"class":83},[73,153179,153116],{"class":79},[73,153181,5982],{"class":105},[73,153183,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153185,7659],{"class":101},[73,153187,106],{"class":105},[73,153189,147389],{"class":114},[73,153191,817],{"class":105},[73,153193,35215],{"class":114},[73,153195,106],{"class":105},[73,153197,2063],{"class":114},[73,153199,118],{"class":105},[73,153201,153202,153204],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153203,27030],{"class":646},[73,153205,5982],{"class":105},[73,153207,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153209,7659],{"class":101},[73,153211,106],{"class":105},[73,153213,384],{"class":87},[73,153215,152641],{"class":91},[73,153217,384],{"class":87},[73,153219,854],{"class":105},[59,153221,1405],{"id":1404},[292,153223,1409,153225,12312],{"id":153224},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153226,148576],{},[20,153228,153229],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[292,153231,153233],{"id":153232},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153235,153236,152103],{},[15,153237,148576],{},[292,153239,148555],{"id":148554},[20,153241,76240,153242,817],{},[15,153243,40077],{},[292,153245,153247],{"id":153246},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153249,153250,153251,355,153253,153255],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153252,35442],{},[15,153254,52039],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[292,153257,14501,153259,56585,153261,1424],{"id":153258},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153260,148576],{},[15,153262,64247],{},[20,153264,153265],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[59,153267,1461],{"id":1460},[30,153269,153270,153276,153280,153285,153289],{},[33,153271,153272],{},[587,153273,148602,153274,10333],{"href":148654},[15,153275,56670],{},[33,153277,153278],{},[587,153279,149044],{"href":152470},[33,153281,153282],{},[587,153283,153284],{"href":150350},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153286,153287],{},[587,153288,65221],{"href":65220},[33,153290,153291],{},[587,153292,150298],{"href":152108},[1500,153294,153295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285,"children":153302},[153303],{"id":16992,"depth":332,"text":16993},{"id":102761,"depth":98,"text":102762},{"id":152445,"depth":98,"text":152446},{"id":65011,"depth":98,"text":65012},{"id":64788,"depth":98,"text":65571,"children":153308},[153309],{"id":152797,"depth":332,"text":152798},{"id":152905,"depth":98,"text":152906},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207,"children":153312},[153313],{"id":60090,"depth":332,"text":60091},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":153315},[153316,153318,153319,153320,153321],{"id":153224,"depth":332,"text":153317},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153232,"depth":332,"text":153233},{"id":148554,"depth":332,"text":148555},{"id":153246,"depth":332,"text":153247},{"id":153258,"depth":332,"text":153322},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151910,"description":153324},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153331,"title":153332,"body":153333,"description":154728,"extension":1552,"meta":154729,"navigation":335,"path":152470,"seo":154730,"stem":154731,"__hash__":154732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153334,"toc":154710},[153335,153338,153341,153344,153358,153360,153363,153457,153467,153473,153477,153480,153483,153485,153503,153505,153576,153578,153595,153599,153603,153606,153623,153626,153641,153643,153734,153737,153741,153744,153761,153763,153858,153861,153864,153868,153871,153965,153967,153986,153989,153993,153996,153998,154053,154055,154090,154093,154107,154115,154208,154217,154221,154224,154231,154234,154281,154283,154291,154294,154345,154347,154364,154369,154373,154376,154379,154381,154432,154435,154490,154493,154496,154498,154501,154521,154523,154596,154599,154612,154614,154618,154623,154627,154632,154649,154653,154656,154673,154677,154680,154682,154707],[10,153336,153332],{"id":153337},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153339,153340],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153342,153343],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153345,153346,153349,153352,153355],{},[33,153347,153348],{},"positive indexes",[33,153350,153351],{},"negative indexes",[33,153353,153354],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153356,153357],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[59,153359,3195],{"id":3194},[20,153361,153362],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[64,153364,153366],{"className":66,"code":153365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153367,153368,153400,153404,153421,153438],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153369,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153371,12673],{"class":79},[73,153373,84],{"class":83},[73,153375,8828],{"class":105},[73,153377,384],{"class":87},[73,153379,12690],{"class":91},[73,153381,384],{"class":87},[73,153383,149],{"class":105},[73,153385,88],{"class":87},[73,153387,17054],{"class":91},[73,153389,384],{"class":87},[73,153391,149],{"class":105},[73,153393,88],{"class":87},[73,153395,12707],{"class":91},[73,153397,384],{"class":87},[73,153399,854],{"class":105},[73,153401,153402],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153403,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,153405,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153407,102],{"class":101},[73,153409,106],{"class":105},[73,153411,17101],{"class":114},[73,153413,138],{"class":105},[73,153415,1710],{"class":315},[73,153417,20045],{"class":105},[73,153419,153420],{"class":3249},"   # red\n",[73,153422,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153424,102],{"class":101},[73,153426,106],{"class":105},[73,153428,17101],{"class":114},[73,153430,138],{"class":105},[73,153432,404],{"class":315},[73,153434,20045],{"class":105},[73,153436,153437],{"class":3249},"   # green\n",[73,153439,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153441,102],{"class":101},[73,153443,106],{"class":105},[73,153445,17101],{"class":114},[73,153447,138],{"class":105},[73,153449,1611],{"class":83},[73,153451,404],{"class":315},[73,153453,20045],{"class":105},[73,153455,153456],{"class":3249},"  # blue\n",[30,153458,153459,153464],{},[33,153460,131795,153461,153463],{},[15,153462,1710],{}," is the first item.",[33,153465,153466],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153468,153469,153470,817],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[587,153471,153472],{"href":147374},"how to create a tuple in Python",[59,153474,153476],{"id":153475},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153478,153479],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153481,153482],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153484,261],{},[30,153486,153487,153490,153497,153500],{},[33,153488,153489],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153491,153492,153493,18562,153495],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153494,1710],{},[15,153496,404],{},[33,153498,153499],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153501,153502],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153504,714],{},[64,153506,153508],{"className":66,"code":153507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153509,153510,153530,153534,153548,153562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153513,523],{"class":79},[73,153515,84],{"class":83},[73,153517,8828],{"class":105},[73,153519,1920],{"class":315},[73,153521,149],{"class":105},[73,153523,7380],{"class":315},[73,153525,149],{"class":105},[73,153527,7385],{"class":315},[73,153529,854],{"class":105},[73,153531,153532],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153533,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,153535,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153537,102],{"class":101},[73,153539,106],{"class":105},[73,153541,553],{"class":114},[73,153543,138],{"class":105},[73,153545,1710],{"class":315},[73,153547,3475],{"class":105},[73,153549,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153551,102],{"class":101},[73,153553,106],{"class":105},[73,153555,553],{"class":114},[73,153557,138],{"class":105},[73,153559,404],{"class":315},[73,153561,3475],{"class":105},[73,153563,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153565,102],{"class":101},[73,153567,106],{"class":105},[73,153569,553],{"class":114},[73,153571,138],{"class":105},[73,153573,1646],{"class":315},[73,153575,3475],{"class":105},[20,153577,1660],{},[64,153579,153581],{"className":66,"code":153580,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153582,153583,153587,153591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153584,153585],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153586,1966],{"class":315},[73,153588,153589],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153590,70606],{"class":315},[73,153592,153593],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153594,69222],{"class":315},[20,153596,58773,153597,817],{},[587,153598,147371],{"href":147370},[59,153600,153602],{"id":153601},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153604,153605],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153607,153608,153613,153618],{},[33,153609,153610,153612],{},[15,153611,1710],{}," = first item",[33,153614,153615,153617],{},[15,153616,404],{}," = second item",[33,153619,153620,153622],{},[15,153621,1646],{}," = third item",[20,153624,153625],{},"Pattern:",[64,153627,153629],{"className":66,"code":153628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153630,153631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153632,153633,153635,153637,153639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153634,152126],{"class":79},[73,153636,138],{"class":105},[73,153638,35215],{"class":79},[73,153640,229],{"class":105},[20,153642,714],{},[64,153644,153646],{"className":66,"code":153645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153647,153648,153680,153684,153701,153717],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153649,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153651,35609],{"class":79},[73,153653,84],{"class":83},[73,153655,8828],{"class":105},[73,153657,384],{"class":87},[73,153659,3666],{"class":91},[73,153661,384],{"class":87},[73,153663,149],{"class":105},[73,153665,88],{"class":87},[73,153667,3675],{"class":91},[73,153669,384],{"class":87},[73,153671,149],{"class":105},[73,153673,88],{"class":87},[73,153675,3684],{"class":91},[73,153677,384],{"class":87},[73,153679,854],{"class":105},[73,153681,153682],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153683,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,153685,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153687,102],{"class":101},[73,153689,106],{"class":105},[73,153691,35661],{"class":114},[73,153693,138],{"class":105},[73,153695,1710],{"class":315},[73,153697,20045],{"class":105},[73,153699,153700],{"class":3249},"  # apple\n",[73,153702,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153704,102],{"class":101},[73,153706,106],{"class":105},[73,153708,35661],{"class":114},[73,153710,138],{"class":105},[73,153712,404],{"class":315},[73,153714,20045],{"class":105},[73,153716,50864],{"class":3249},[73,153718,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153720,102],{"class":101},[73,153722,106],{"class":105},[73,153724,35661],{"class":114},[73,153726,138],{"class":105},[73,153728,1646],{"class":315},[73,153730,20045],{"class":105},[73,153732,153733],{"class":3249},"  # cherry\n",[20,153735,153736],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[59,153738,153740],{"id":153739},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153742,153743],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,153745,153746,153751,153756],{},[33,153747,153748,153750],{},[15,153749,65236],{}," = last item",[33,153752,153753,153755],{},[15,153754,94792],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,153757,153758,153760],{},[15,153759,47047],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153762,714],{},[64,153764,153766],{"className":66,"code":153765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153767,153768,153800,153804,153822,153840],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153769,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153771,35609],{"class":79},[73,153773,84],{"class":83},[73,153775,8828],{"class":105},[73,153777,384],{"class":87},[73,153779,3666],{"class":91},[73,153781,384],{"class":87},[73,153783,149],{"class":105},[73,153785,88],{"class":87},[73,153787,3675],{"class":91},[73,153789,384],{"class":87},[73,153791,149],{"class":105},[73,153793,88],{"class":87},[73,153795,3684],{"class":91},[73,153797,384],{"class":87},[73,153799,854],{"class":105},[73,153801,153802],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153803,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,153805,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153807,102],{"class":101},[73,153809,106],{"class":105},[73,153811,35661],{"class":114},[73,153813,138],{"class":105},[73,153815,1611],{"class":83},[73,153817,404],{"class":315},[73,153819,20045],{"class":105},[73,153821,153733],{"class":3249},[73,153823,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153825,102],{"class":101},[73,153827,106],{"class":105},[73,153829,35661],{"class":114},[73,153831,138],{"class":105},[73,153833,1611],{"class":83},[73,153835,1646],{"class":315},[73,153837,20045],{"class":105},[73,153839,50864],{"class":3249},[73,153841,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153843,102],{"class":101},[73,153845,106],{"class":105},[73,153847,35661],{"class":114},[73,153849,138],{"class":105},[73,153851,1611],{"class":83},[73,153853,1652],{"class":315},[73,153855,20045],{"class":105},[73,153857,153700],{"class":3249},[20,153859,153860],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153862,153863],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[59,153865,153867],{"id":153866},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153869,153870],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[64,153872,153874],{"className":66,"code":153873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153875,153876,153908,153912,153929,153946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153877,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153879,4585],{"class":79},[73,153881,84],{"class":83},[73,153883,8828],{"class":105},[73,153885,384],{"class":87},[73,153887,12477],{"class":91},[73,153889,384],{"class":87},[73,153891,149],{"class":105},[73,153893,88],{"class":87},[73,153895,35310],{"class":91},[73,153897,384],{"class":87},[73,153899,149],{"class":105},[73,153901,88],{"class":87},[73,153903,35319],{"class":91},[73,153905,384],{"class":87},[73,153907,854],{"class":105},[73,153909,153910],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153911,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,153913,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153915,102],{"class":101},[73,153917,106],{"class":105},[73,153919,4629],{"class":114},[73,153921,138],{"class":105},[73,153923,1710],{"class":315},[73,153925,20045],{"class":105},[73,153927,153928],{"class":3249},"   # first item\n",[73,153930,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,153932,102],{"class":101},[73,153934,106],{"class":105},[73,153936,4629],{"class":114},[73,153938,138],{"class":105},[73,153940,404],{"class":315},[73,153942,20045],{"class":105},[73,153944,153945],{"class":3249},"   # middle item\n",[73,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,153949,102],{"class":101},[73,153951,106],{"class":105},[73,153953,4629],{"class":114},[73,153955,138],{"class":105},[73,153957,1611],{"class":83},[73,153959,404],{"class":315},[73,153961,20045],{"class":105},[73,153963,153964],{"class":3249},"  # last item\n",[20,153966,1660],{},[64,153968,153970],{"className":66,"code":153969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153971,153972,153976,153981],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153973,153974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153975,49417],{"class":79},[73,153977,153978],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,153979,153980],{"class":79},"Ben\n",[73,153982,153983],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,153984,153985],{"class":79},"Cara\n",[20,153987,153988],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[59,153990,153992],{"id":153991},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153994,153995],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153997,714],{},[64,153999,154001],{"className":66,"code":154000,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154002,154003,154035,154039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154004,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154006,35460],{"class":79},[73,154008,84],{"class":83},[73,154010,8828],{"class":105},[73,154012,384],{"class":87},[73,154014,587],{"class":91},[73,154016,384],{"class":87},[73,154018,149],{"class":105},[73,154020,88],{"class":87},[73,154022,4350],{"class":91},[73,154024,384],{"class":87},[73,154026,149],{"class":105},[73,154028,88],{"class":87},[73,154030,9332],{"class":91},[73,154032,384],{"class":87},[73,154034,854],{"class":105},[73,154036,154037],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154038,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154040,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154042,102],{"class":101},[73,154044,106],{"class":105},[73,154046,35513],{"class":114},[73,154048,138],{"class":105},[73,154050,1727],{"class":315},[73,154052,3475],{"class":105},[20,154054,1660],{},[64,154056,154058],{"className":66,"code":154057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154059,154060,154072,154077],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154061,154062,154065,154067,154070],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154063,154064],{"class":114},"Traceback ",[73,154066,106],{"class":105},[73,154068,154069],{"class":114},"most recent call last",[73,154071,7933],{"class":105},[73,154073,154074],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154075,154076],{"class":198},"  ...\n",[73,154078,154079,154081,154083,154085,154088],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154080,70113],{"class":1270},[73,154082,2475],{"class":105},[73,154084,148737],{"class":1270},[73,154086,154087],{"class":79}," index out of ",[73,154089,70305],{"class":101},[20,154091,154092],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154094,154095,154099,154103],{},[33,154096,154097],{},[15,154098,1710],{},[33,154100,154101],{},[15,154102,404],{},[33,154104,154105],{},[15,154106,1646],{},[20,154108,154109,154110,817],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[587,154111,154112,154114],{"href":148609},[15,154113,41735],{}," on a tuple",[64,154116,154118],{"className":66,"code":154117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154119,154120,154152,154156,154172,154176,154194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154121,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154123,35460],{"class":79},[73,154125,84],{"class":83},[73,154127,8828],{"class":105},[73,154129,384],{"class":87},[73,154131,587],{"class":91},[73,154133,384],{"class":87},[73,154135,149],{"class":105},[73,154137,88],{"class":87},[73,154139,4350],{"class":91},[73,154141,384],{"class":87},[73,154143,149],{"class":105},[73,154145,88],{"class":87},[73,154147,9332],{"class":91},[73,154149,384],{"class":87},[73,154151,854],{"class":105},[73,154153,154154],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154155,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154157,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154159,102],{"class":101},[73,154161,106],{"class":105},[73,154163,10755],{"class":101},[73,154165,106],{"class":105},[73,154167,35513],{"class":114},[73,154169,4948],{"class":105},[73,154171,50148],{"class":3249},[73,154173,154174],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,154175,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154177,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,154179,6588],{"class":646},[73,154181,37758],{"class":101},[73,154183,106],{"class":105},[73,154185,35513],{"class":114},[73,154187,3246],{"class":105},[73,154189,37768],{"class":83},[73,154191,409],{"class":315},[73,154193,5982],{"class":105},[73,154195,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,154197,7659],{"class":101},[73,154199,106],{"class":105},[73,154201,35513],{"class":114},[73,154203,138],{"class":105},[73,154205,1646],{"class":315},[73,154207,3475],{"class":105},[20,154209,154210,154211,817],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[587,154212,25276,154214],{"href":154213},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154215,154216],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[59,154218,154220],{"id":154219},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154222,154223],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154225,154226,154228],{},[33,154227,76257],{},[33,154229,154230],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154232,154233],{},"Indexing example:",[64,154235,154237],{"className":66,"code":154236,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154238,154239,154263,154267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154240,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154242,523],{"class":79},[73,154244,84],{"class":83},[73,154246,8828],{"class":105},[73,154248,1920],{"class":315},[73,154250,149],{"class":105},[73,154252,7380],{"class":315},[73,154254,149],{"class":105},[73,154256,7385],{"class":315},[73,154258,149],{"class":105},[73,154260,50221],{"class":315},[73,154262,854],{"class":105},[73,154264,154265],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154266,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154270,102],{"class":101},[73,154272,106],{"class":105},[73,154274,553],{"class":114},[73,154276,138],{"class":105},[73,154278,404],{"class":315},[73,154280,3475],{"class":105},[20,154282,1660],{},[64,154284,154285],{"className":66,"code":70606,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,154286,154287],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154288,154289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154290,70606],{"class":315},[20,154292,154293],{},"Slicing example:",[64,154295,154297],{"className":66,"code":154296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154298,154299,154323,154327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154300,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154302,523],{"class":79},[73,154304,84],{"class":83},[73,154306,8828],{"class":105},[73,154308,1920],{"class":315},[73,154310,149],{"class":105},[73,154312,7380],{"class":315},[73,154314,149],{"class":105},[73,154316,7385],{"class":315},[73,154318,149],{"class":105},[73,154320,50221],{"class":315},[73,154322,854],{"class":105},[73,154324,154325],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154326,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154328,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154330,102],{"class":101},[73,154332,106],{"class":105},[73,154334,553],{"class":114},[73,154336,138],{"class":105},[73,154338,404],{"class":315},[73,154340,2475],{"class":105},[73,154342,1652],{"class":315},[73,154344,3475],{"class":105},[20,154346,1660],{},[64,154348,154350],{"className":66,"code":154349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154351,154352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154353,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154355,106],{"class":105},[73,154357,15352],{"class":315},[73,154359,149],{"class":105},[73,154361,7385],{"class":315},[73,154363,854],{"class":105},[20,154365,154366,154367,817],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[587,154368,150288],{"href":150287},[59,154370,154372],{"id":154371},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154374,154375],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154377,154378],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154380,6278],{},[64,154382,154384],{"className":66,"code":154383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154385,154386,154418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154387,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154389,12673],{"class":79},[73,154391,84],{"class":83},[73,154393,8828],{"class":105},[73,154395,384],{"class":87},[73,154397,12690],{"class":91},[73,154399,384],{"class":87},[73,154401,149],{"class":105},[73,154403,88],{"class":87},[73,154405,17054],{"class":91},[73,154407,384],{"class":87},[73,154409,149],{"class":105},[73,154411,88],{"class":87},[73,154413,12707],{"class":91},[73,154415,384],{"class":87},[73,154417,854],{"class":105},[73,154419,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154421,102],{"class":101},[73,154423,106],{"class":105},[73,154425,17101],{"class":114},[73,154427,138],{"class":105},[73,154429,404],{"class":315},[73,154431,3475],{"class":105},[20,154433,154434],{},"But this does not work:",[64,154436,154438],{"className":66,"code":154437,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154439,154440,154472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154443,12673],{"class":79},[73,154445,84],{"class":83},[73,154447,8828],{"class":105},[73,154449,384],{"class":87},[73,154451,12690],{"class":91},[73,154453,384],{"class":87},[73,154455,149],{"class":105},[73,154457,88],{"class":87},[73,154459,17054],{"class":91},[73,154461,384],{"class":87},[73,154463,149],{"class":105},[73,154465,88],{"class":87},[73,154467,12707],{"class":91},[73,154469,384],{"class":87},[73,154471,854],{"class":105},[73,154473,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154475,17101],{"class":79},[73,154477,138],{"class":105},[73,154479,404],{"class":315},[73,154481,12871],{"class":105},[73,154483,12874],{"class":83},[73,154485,88],{"class":87},[73,154487,22123],{"class":91},[73,154489,95],{"class":87},[20,154491,154492],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154494,154495],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[59,154497,1207],{"id":1206},[20,154499,154500],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154502,154503,154509,154512,154515],{},[33,154504,132099,154505,10685,154507],{},[15,154506,404],{},[15,154508,1710],{},[33,154510,154511],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154513,154514],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154516,154517,154518],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154519,154520],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154522,61676],{},[64,154524,154526],{"className":66,"code":154525,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154527,154528,154538,154552,154566,154582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154529,154530,154532,154534,154536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154531,102],{"class":101},[73,154533,106],{"class":105},[73,154535,147389],{"class":114},[73,154537,854],{"class":105},[73,154539,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154541,102],{"class":101},[73,154543,106],{"class":105},[73,154545,10755],{"class":101},[73,154547,106],{"class":105},[73,154549,147389],{"class":114},[73,154551,118],{"class":105},[73,154553,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154555,102],{"class":101},[73,154557,106],{"class":105},[73,154559,147389],{"class":114},[73,154561,138],{"class":105},[73,154563,1710],{"class":315},[73,154565,3475],{"class":105},[73,154567,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,154569,102],{"class":101},[73,154571,106],{"class":105},[73,154573,147389],{"class":114},[73,154575,138],{"class":105},[73,154577,1611],{"class":83},[73,154579,404],{"class":315},[73,154581,3475],{"class":105},[73,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,154585,102],{"class":101},[73,154587,106],{"class":105},[73,154589,1271],{"class":1270},[73,154591,106],{"class":105},[73,154593,147389],{"class":114},[73,154595,118],{"class":105},[20,154597,154598],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154600,154601,154604,154606,154609],{},[33,154602,154603],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154605,60165],{},[33,154607,154608],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154610,154611],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[59,154613,1405],{"id":1404},[292,154615,154617],{"id":154616},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154619,154620,154621,817],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154622,1710],{},[292,154624,154626],{"id":154625},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154628,121,154629,154631],{},[15,154630,65236],{}," as the index:",[64,154633,154635],{"className":66,"code":154634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154636,154637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154638,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154640,147389],{"class":79},[73,154642,138],{"class":105},[73,154644,1611],{"class":83},[73,154646,404],{"class":315},[73,154648,229],{"class":105},[292,154650,154652],{"id":154651},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154654,154655],{},"Python raises:",[64,154657,154659],{"className":66,"code":154658,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154660,154661],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154662,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154664,70113],{"class":1270},[73,154666,2475],{"class":105},[73,154668,148737],{"class":1270},[73,154670,154087],{"class":79},[73,154672,70305],{"class":101},[292,154674,154676],{"id":154675},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154678,154679],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[59,154681,1461],{"id":1460},[30,154683,154684,154689,154693,154697,154703],{},[33,154685,154686],{},[587,154687,154688],{"href":147374},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154690,154691],{},[587,154692,150288],{"href":150287},[33,154694,154695],{},[587,154696,150293],{"href":148609},[33,154698,154699],{},[587,154700,25719,154701],{"href":154213},[15,154702,154216],{},[33,154704,154705],{},[587,154706,147371],{"href":147370},[1500,154708,154709],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":154711},[154712,154713,154714,154715,154716,154717,154718,154719,154720,154721,154727],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":153475,"depth":98,"text":153476},{"id":153601,"depth":98,"text":153602},{"id":153739,"depth":98,"text":153740},{"id":153866,"depth":98,"text":153867},{"id":153991,"depth":98,"text":153992},{"id":154219,"depth":98,"text":154220},{"id":154371,"depth":98,"text":154372},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":154722},[154723,154724,154725,154726],{"id":154616,"depth":332,"text":154617},{"id":154625,"depth":332,"text":154626},{"id":154651,"depth":332,"text":154652},{"id":154675,"depth":332,"text":154676},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153332,"description":154728},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154734,"title":154735,"body":154736,"description":156625,"extension":1552,"meta":156626,"navigation":335,"path":156627,"seo":156628,"stem":156629,"__hash__":156630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154737,"toc":156582},[154738,154744,154749,154800,154804,154812,154818,154820,154836,154838,154841,154856,154858,154871,154873,154930,154934,154942,154949,154955,154961,154965,155016,155020,155028,155032,155061,155065,155073,155077,155110,155114,155122,155126,155129,155180,155184,155192,155194,155211,155215,155219,155278,155282,155290,155293,155320,155324,155332,155336,155342,155417,155421,155458,155466,155470,155533,155537,155545,155550,155554,155560,155603,155607,155615,155621,155624,155671,155675,155683,155692,155698,155753,155757,155765,155768,155772,155774,155805,155809,155828,155831,155876,155880,155903,155909,155914,155916,155963,155968,155971,156019,156023,156031,156035,156040,156044,156094,156098,156113,156117,156175,156179,156194,156198,156269,156273,156282,156286,156365,156369,156391,156399,156401,156404,156429,156431,156484,156486,156503,156505,156509,156515,156520,156525,156529,156534,156538,156543,156549,156552,156554,156579],[10,154739,154741,154742,3246],{"id":154740},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154743,10755],{},[20,154745,121,154746,154748],{},[15,154747,41735],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[64,154750,154752],{"className":66,"code":154751,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154753,154754,154786],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154755,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154757,12673],{"class":79},[73,154759,84],{"class":83},[73,154761,8828],{"class":105},[73,154763,384],{"class":87},[73,154765,12690],{"class":91},[73,154767,384],{"class":87},[73,154769,149],{"class":105},[73,154771,88],{"class":87},[73,154773,17054],{"class":91},[73,154775,384],{"class":87},[73,154777,149],{"class":105},[73,154779,88],{"class":87},[73,154781,12707],{"class":91},[73,154783,384],{"class":87},[73,154785,854],{"class":105},[73,154787,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154789,102],{"class":101},[73,154791,106],{"class":105},[73,154793,10755],{"class":101},[73,154795,106],{"class":105},[73,154797,17101],{"class":114},[73,154799,118],{"class":105},[20,154801,154802],{},[55,154803,1660],{},[64,154805,154806],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,154807,154808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154809,154810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154811,45993],{"class":315},[20,154813,121,154814,154817],{},[15,154815,154816],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[59,154819,14761],{"id":14760},[30,154821,154822,154827,154831,154834],{},[33,154823,3786,154824,154826],{},[15,154825,41735],{}," works with tuples",[33,154828,67640,154829,11300],{},[15,154830,41735],{},[33,154832,154833],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,154835,4107],{},[59,154837,285],{"id":284},[20,154839,154840],{},"Use this pattern:",[64,154842,154844],{"className":66,"code":154843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154845,154846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154847,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154849,10755],{"class":101},[73,154851,106],{"class":105},[73,154853,147389],{"class":114},[73,154855,854],{"class":105},[20,154857,261],{},[30,154859,154860,154863,154866],{},[33,154861,154862],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,154864,154865],{},"The result is an integer",[33,154867,154868,154870],{},[15,154869,41735],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154872,714],{},[64,154874,154876],{"className":66,"code":154875,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154877,154878,154902,154916,154920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154879,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154881,523],{"class":79},[73,154883,84],{"class":83},[73,154885,8828],{"class":105},[73,154887,1920],{"class":315},[73,154889,149],{"class":105},[73,154891,7380],{"class":315},[73,154893,149],{"class":105},[73,154895,7385],{"class":315},[73,154897,149],{"class":105},[73,154899,50221],{"class":315},[73,154901,854],{"class":105},[73,154903,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,154905,40615],{"class":79},[73,154907,84],{"class":83},[73,154909,37758],{"class":101},[73,154911,106],{"class":105},[73,154913,553],{"class":114},[73,154915,854],{"class":105},[73,154917,154918],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,154919,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,154921,154922,154924,154926,154928],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,154923,102],{"class":101},[73,154925,106],{"class":105},[73,154927,40633],{"class":114},[73,154929,854],{"class":105},[20,154931,154932],{},[55,154933,1660],{},[64,154935,154936],{"className":66,"code":48027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,154937,154938],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154939,154940],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154941,48027],{"class":315},[20,154943,154944,154945,817],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[587,154946,13,154947,1470],{"href":41732},[15,154948,41735],{},[59,154950,236,154952,154954],{"id":154951},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154953,41735],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154956,154957,154958,154960],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154959,41735],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[292,154962,154964],{"id":154963},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[64,154966,154968],{"className":66,"code":154967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154969,154970,155002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154971,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154973,35609],{"class":79},[73,154975,84],{"class":83},[73,154977,8828],{"class":105},[73,154979,384],{"class":87},[73,154981,3666],{"class":91},[73,154983,384],{"class":87},[73,154985,149],{"class":105},[73,154987,88],{"class":87},[73,154989,3675],{"class":91},[73,154991,384],{"class":87},[73,154993,149],{"class":105},[73,154995,88],{"class":87},[73,154997,32818],{"class":91},[73,154999,384],{"class":87},[73,155001,854],{"class":105},[73,155003,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155005,102],{"class":101},[73,155007,106],{"class":105},[73,155009,10755],{"class":101},[73,155011,106],{"class":105},[73,155013,35661],{"class":114},[73,155015,118],{"class":105},[20,155017,155018],{},[55,155019,1660],{},[64,155021,155022],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155023,155024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155025,155026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155027,45993],{"class":315},[292,155029,155031],{"id":155030},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[64,155033,155035],{"className":66,"code":155034,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155036,155037,155046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155038,155039,155042,155044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155040,155041],{"class":79},"empty_tuple ",[73,155043,84],{"class":83},[73,155045,148713],{"class":105},[73,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155059],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155049,102],{"class":101},[73,155051,106],{"class":105},[73,155053,10755],{"class":101},[73,155055,106],{"class":105},[73,155057,155058],{"class":114},"empty_tuple",[73,155060,118],{"class":105},[20,155062,155063],{},[55,155064,1660],{},[64,155066,155067],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155068,155069],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155070,155071],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155072,46628],{"class":315},[292,155074,155076],{"id":155075},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[64,155078,155080],{"className":66,"code":155079,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155081,155082,155095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155083,155084,155087,155089,155091,155093],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155085,155086],{"class":79},"single_value ",[73,155088,84],{"class":83},[73,155090,8828],{"class":105},[73,155092,1727],{"class":315},[73,155094,148727],{"class":105},[73,155096,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155108],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155098,102],{"class":101},[73,155100,106],{"class":105},[73,155102,10755],{"class":101},[73,155104,106],{"class":105},[73,155106,155107],{"class":114},"single_value",[73,155109,118],{"class":105},[20,155111,155112],{},[55,155113,1660],{},[64,155115,155116],{"className":66,"code":46293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155117,155118],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155119,155120],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155121,46293],{"class":315},[292,155123,155125],{"id":155124},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155127,155128],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[64,155130,155132],{"className":66,"code":155131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155133,155134,155166],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155135,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155137,8757],{"class":79},[73,155139,84],{"class":83},[73,155141,8828],{"class":105},[73,155143,404],{"class":315},[73,155145,149],{"class":105},[73,155147,8828],{"class":105},[73,155149,1646],{"class":315},[73,155151,149],{"class":105},[73,155153,414],{"class":315},[73,155155,8825],{"class":105},[73,155157,528],{"class":105},[73,155159,2095],{"class":315},[73,155161,149],{"class":105},[73,155163,4194],{"class":315},[73,155165,3475],{"class":105},[73,155167,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155169,102],{"class":101},[73,155171,106],{"class":105},[73,155173,10755],{"class":101},[73,155175,106],{"class":105},[73,155177,8796],{"class":114},[73,155179,118],{"class":105},[20,155181,155182],{},[55,155183,1660],{},[64,155185,155186],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155187,155188],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155189,155190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155191,45993],{"class":315},[20,155193,19556],{},[30,155195,155196,155201,155206],{},[33,155197,155198,155200],{},[15,155199,404],{}," is one item",[33,155202,155203,155200],{},[15,155204,155205],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155207,155208,155200],{},[15,155209,155210],{},"[4, 5]",[59,155212,155214],{"id":155213},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[292,155216,155218],{"id":155217},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[64,155220,155222],{"className":66,"code":155221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155223,155224,155264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155225,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155227,12673],{"class":79},[73,155229,84],{"class":83},[73,155231,8828],{"class":105},[73,155233,384],{"class":87},[73,155235,12690],{"class":91},[73,155237,384],{"class":87},[73,155239,149],{"class":105},[73,155241,88],{"class":87},[73,155243,17054],{"class":91},[73,155245,384],{"class":87},[73,155247,149],{"class":105},[73,155249,88],{"class":87},[73,155251,12707],{"class":91},[73,155253,384],{"class":87},[73,155255,149],{"class":105},[73,155257,88],{"class":87},[73,155259,22123],{"class":91},[73,155261,384],{"class":87},[73,155263,854],{"class":105},[73,155265,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155267,102],{"class":101},[73,155269,106],{"class":105},[73,155271,10755],{"class":101},[73,155273,106],{"class":105},[73,155275,17101],{"class":114},[73,155277,118],{"class":105},[20,155279,155280],{},[55,155281,1660],{},[64,155283,155284],{"className":66,"code":48027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155285,155286],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155287,155288],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155289,48027],{"class":315},[292,155291,155031],{"id":155292},"empty-tuple-1",[64,155294,155296],{"className":66,"code":155295,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155297,155298,155306],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155299,155300,155302,155304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155301,7369],{"class":79},[73,155303,84],{"class":83},[73,155305,148713],{"class":105},[73,155307,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155309,102],{"class":101},[73,155311,106],{"class":105},[73,155313,10755],{"class":101},[73,155315,106],{"class":105},[73,155317,7400],{"class":114},[73,155319,118],{"class":105},[20,155321,155322],{},[55,155323,1660],{},[64,155325,155326],{"className":66,"code":46628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155327,155328],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155329,155330],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155331,46628],{"class":315},[292,155333,155335],{"id":155334},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155337,155338,155339,155341],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[55,155340,806],{}," always a tuple.",[64,155343,155345],{"className":66,"code":155344,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155346,155347,155359,155371,155375,155389,155403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155348,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155350,2145],{"class":79},[73,155352,84],{"class":83},[73,155354,8828],{"class":105},[73,155356,1727],{"class":315},[73,155358,854],{"class":105},[73,155360,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155362,2173],{"class":79},[73,155364,84],{"class":83},[73,155366,8828],{"class":105},[73,155368,1727],{"class":315},[73,155370,148727],{"class":105},[73,155372,155373],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,155374,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,155376,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,155378,102],{"class":101},[73,155380,106],{"class":105},[73,155382,1271],{"class":1270},[73,155384,106],{"class":105},[73,155386,587],{"class":114},[73,155388,118],{"class":105},[73,155390,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,155392,102],{"class":101},[73,155394,106],{"class":105},[73,155396,1271],{"class":1270},[73,155398,106],{"class":105},[73,155400,4350],{"class":114},[73,155402,118],{"class":105},[73,155404,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,155406,102],{"class":101},[73,155408,106],{"class":105},[73,155410,10755],{"class":101},[73,155412,106],{"class":105},[73,155414,4350],{"class":114},[73,155416,118],{"class":105},[20,155418,155419],{},[55,155420,1660],{},[64,155422,155424],{"className":66,"code":155423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155425,155426,155440,155454],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155429,2879],{"class":83},[73,155431,2882],{"class":633},[73,155433,152],{"class":87},[73,155435,1778],{"class":91},[73,155437,141],{"class":87},[73,155439,2891],{"class":83},[73,155441,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155443,2879],{"class":83},[73,155445,2882],{"class":633},[73,155447,152],{"class":87},[73,155449,48330],{"class":91},[73,155451,141],{"class":87},[73,155453,2891],{"class":83},[73,155455,155456],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,155457,46293],{"class":315},[20,155459,155460,155461,355,155464,817],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[587,155462,155463],{"href":147374},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[587,155465,148675],{"href":148674},[292,155467,155469],{"id":155468},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[64,155471,155473],{"className":66,"code":155472,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155474,155475,155519],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155476,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155478,58853],{"class":79},[73,155480,84],{"class":83},[73,155482,8828],{"class":105},[73,155484,384],{"class":87},[73,155486,3666],{"class":91},[73,155488,384],{"class":87},[73,155490,149],{"class":105},[73,155492,528],{"class":105},[73,155494,404],{"class":315},[73,155496,149],{"class":105},[73,155498,409],{"class":315},[73,155500,17661],{"class":105},[73,155502,8828],{"class":105},[73,155504,384],{"class":87},[73,155506,354],{"class":91},[73,155508,384],{"class":87},[73,155510,149],{"class":105},[73,155512,88],{"class":87},[73,155514,11340],{"class":91},[73,155516,384],{"class":87},[73,155518,118],{"class":105},[73,155520,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155522,102],{"class":101},[73,155524,106],{"class":105},[73,155526,10755],{"class":101},[73,155528,106],{"class":105},[73,155530,58906],{"class":114},[73,155532,118],{"class":105},[20,155534,155535],{},[55,155536,1660],{},[64,155538,155539],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155540,155541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155542,155543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155544,45993],{"class":315},[20,155546,155547,155549],{},[15,155548,41735],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[59,155551,155553],{"id":155552},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[292,155555,155557,155559],{"id":155556},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155558,41735],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[64,155561,155563],{"className":66,"code":155562,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155564,155565,155589],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155566,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155568,3657],{"class":79},[73,155570,84],{"class":83},[73,155572,8828],{"class":105},[73,155574,384],{"class":87},[73,155576,62977],{"class":91},[73,155578,384],{"class":87},[73,155580,149],{"class":105},[73,155582,88],{"class":87},[73,155584,68],{"class":91},[73,155586,384],{"class":87},[73,155588,854],{"class":105},[73,155590,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155592,102],{"class":101},[73,155594,106],{"class":105},[73,155596,10755],{"class":101},[73,155598,106],{"class":105},[73,155600,3701],{"class":114},[73,155602,118],{"class":105},[20,155604,155605],{},[55,155606,1660],{},[64,155608,155609],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155610,155611],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155612,155613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155614,16655],{"class":315},[20,155616,155617,155618,155620],{},"This result is ",[15,155619,1646],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155622,155623],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[64,155625,155627],{"className":66,"code":155626,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155628,155629,155653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155630,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155632,3657],{"class":79},[73,155634,84],{"class":83},[73,155636,8828],{"class":105},[73,155638,384],{"class":87},[73,155640,62977],{"class":91},[73,155642,384],{"class":87},[73,155644,149],{"class":105},[73,155646,88],{"class":87},[73,155648,68],{"class":91},[73,155650,384],{"class":87},[73,155652,854],{"class":105},[73,155654,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155656,102],{"class":101},[73,155658,106],{"class":105},[73,155660,10755],{"class":101},[73,155662,106],{"class":105},[73,155664,3701],{"class":114},[73,155666,138],{"class":105},[73,155668,1710],{"class":315},[73,155670,417],{"class":105},[20,155672,155673],{},[55,155674,1660],{},[64,155676,155677],{"className":66,"code":16655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155678,155679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155680,155681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155682,16655],{"class":315},[20,155684,20370,155685,155688,155689,817],{},[15,155686,155687],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155690,155691],{},"\"hi\"",[292,155693,155695,155697],{"id":155694},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155696,41735],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[64,155699,155701],{"className":66,"code":155700,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155702,155703,155739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155704,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155706,3409],{"class":79},[73,155708,84],{"class":83},[73,155710,9587],{"class":105},[73,155712,404],{"class":315},[73,155714,149],{"class":105},[73,155716,409],{"class":315},[73,155718,8825],{"class":105},[73,155720,8828],{"class":105},[73,155722,1652],{"class":315},[73,155724,149],{"class":105},[73,155726,2047],{"class":315},[73,155728,8825],{"class":105},[73,155730,8828],{"class":105},[73,155732,1727],{"class":315},[73,155734,149],{"class":105},[73,155736,37015],{"class":315},[73,155738,118],{"class":105},[73,155740,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155742,102],{"class":101},[73,155744,106],{"class":105},[73,155746,10755],{"class":101},[73,155748,106],{"class":105},[73,155750,4945],{"class":114},[73,155752,118],{"class":105},[20,155754,155755],{},[55,155756,1660],{},[64,155758,155759],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155760,155761],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155762,155763],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155764,45993],{"class":315},[20,155766,155767],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[292,155769,155771],{"id":155770},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155773,25287],{},[64,155775,155777],{"className":66,"code":155776,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155778,155779,155791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155780,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155782,2037],{"class":79},[73,155784,84],{"class":83},[73,155786,8828],{"class":105},[73,155788,1920],{"class":315},[73,155790,854],{"class":105},[73,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155794,102],{"class":101},[73,155796,106],{"class":105},[73,155798,1271],{"class":1270},[73,155800,106],{"class":105},[73,155802,2063],{"class":114},[73,155804,118],{"class":105},[20,155806,155807],{},[55,155808,1660],{},[64,155810,155812],{"className":66,"code":155811,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155813,155814],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155815,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155817,2879],{"class":83},[73,155819,2882],{"class":633},[73,155821,152],{"class":87},[73,155823,1778],{"class":91},[73,155825,141],{"class":87},[73,155827,2891],{"class":83},[20,155829,155830],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[64,155832,155834],{"className":66,"code":155833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155835,155836,155848,155862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155837,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155839,2037],{"class":79},[73,155841,84],{"class":83},[73,155843,8828],{"class":105},[73,155845,1920],{"class":315},[73,155847,148727],{"class":105},[73,155849,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155851,102],{"class":101},[73,155853,106],{"class":105},[73,155855,1271],{"class":1270},[73,155857,106],{"class":105},[73,155859,2063],{"class":114},[73,155861,118],{"class":105},[73,155863,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,155865,102],{"class":101},[73,155867,106],{"class":105},[73,155869,10755],{"class":101},[73,155871,106],{"class":105},[73,155873,2063],{"class":114},[73,155875,118],{"class":105},[20,155877,155878],{},[55,155879,1660],{},[64,155881,155883],{"className":66,"code":155882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155884,155885,155899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155886,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155888,2879],{"class":83},[73,155890,2882],{"class":633},[73,155892,152],{"class":87},[73,155894,48330],{"class":91},[73,155896,141],{"class":87},[73,155898,2891],{"class":83},[73,155900,155901],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155902,46293],{"class":315},[292,155904,155906,155908],{"id":155905},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155907,10755],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155910,43804,155911,155913],{},[15,155912,10755],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155915,43835],{},[64,155917,155919],{"className":66,"code":155918,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155920,155921,155929,155949],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155922,155923,155925,155927],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155924,10755],{"class":101},[73,155926,12874],{"class":83},[73,155928,316],{"class":315},[73,155930,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155932,523],{"class":79},[73,155934,84],{"class":83},[73,155936,8828],{"class":105},[73,155938,404],{"class":315},[73,155940,149],{"class":105},[73,155942,409],{"class":315},[73,155944,149],{"class":105},[73,155946,414],{"class":315},[73,155948,854],{"class":105},[73,155950,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,155952,102],{"class":101},[73,155954,106],{"class":105},[73,155956,10755],{"class":101},[73,155958,106],{"class":105},[73,155960,553],{"class":114},[73,155962,118],{"class":105},[20,155964,39026,155965,155967],{},[15,155966,10755],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155969,155970],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[64,155972,155974],{"className":66,"code":155973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155975,155976,155985,156005],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155977,155978,155981,155983],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155979,155980],{"class":79},"length_value ",[73,155982,84],{"class":83},[73,155984,316],{"class":315},[73,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,155988,523],{"class":79},[73,155990,84],{"class":83},[73,155992,8828],{"class":105},[73,155994,404],{"class":315},[73,155996,149],{"class":105},[73,155998,409],{"class":315},[73,156000,149],{"class":105},[73,156002,414],{"class":315},[73,156004,854],{"class":105},[73,156006,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156008,102],{"class":101},[73,156010,106],{"class":105},[73,156012,10755],{"class":101},[73,156014,106],{"class":105},[73,156016,553],{"class":114},[73,156018,118],{"class":105},[20,156020,156021],{},[55,156022,1660],{},[64,156024,156025],{"className":66,"code":45993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156026,156027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156028,156029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156030,45993],{"class":315},[59,156032,156034],{"id":156033},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156036,156037,156039],{},[15,156038,41735],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[292,156041,156043],{"id":156042},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[64,156045,156047],{"className":66,"code":156046,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156048,156049,156057,156061,156079],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156050,156051,156053,156055],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156052,7369],{"class":79},[73,156054,84],{"class":83},[73,156056,148713],{"class":105},[73,156058,156059],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156060,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156062,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156064,6588],{"class":646},[73,156066,37758],{"class":101},[73,156068,106],{"class":105},[73,156070,7400],{"class":114},[73,156072,3246],{"class":105},[73,156074,5997],{"class":83},[73,156076,3420],{"class":315},[73,156078,5982],{"class":105},[73,156080,156081,156083,156085,156087,156090,156092],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156082,7659],{"class":101},[73,156084,106],{"class":105},[73,156086,384],{"class":87},[73,156088,156089],{"class":91},"The tuple is empty",[73,156091,384],{"class":87},[73,156093,854],{"class":105},[20,156095,156096],{},[55,156097,1660],{},[64,156099,156101],{"className":66,"code":156100,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156102,156103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156104,156105,156107,156109,156111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156106,1569],{"class":79},[73,156108,48330],{"class":1270},[73,156110,7687],{"class":83},[73,156112,7693],{"class":79},[292,156114,156116],{"id":156115},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[64,156118,156120],{"className":66,"code":156119,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156121,156122,156138,156142,156160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156123,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156125,50763],{"class":79},[73,156127,84],{"class":83},[73,156129,8828],{"class":105},[73,156131,2095],{"class":315},[73,156133,149],{"class":105},[73,156135,5581],{"class":315},[73,156137,854],{"class":105},[73,156139,156140],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156141,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156143,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156145,6588],{"class":646},[73,156147,37758],{"class":101},[73,156149,106],{"class":105},[73,156151,50788],{"class":114},[73,156153,3246],{"class":105},[73,156155,5997],{"class":83},[73,156157,409],{"class":315},[73,156159,5982],{"class":105},[73,156161,156162,156164,156166,156168,156171,156173],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156163,7659],{"class":101},[73,156165,106],{"class":105},[73,156167,384],{"class":87},[73,156169,156170],{"class":91},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[73,156172,384],{"class":87},[73,156174,854],{"class":105},[20,156176,156177],{},[55,156178,1660],{},[64,156180,156182],{"className":66,"code":156181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156183,156184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156185,156186,156189,156191],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156187,156188],{"class":79},"This looks like an x",[73,156190,149],{"class":105},[73,156192,156193],{"class":79}," y coordinate\n",[292,156195,156197],{"id":156196},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[64,156199,156201],{"className":66,"code":156200,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156202,156203,156232,156236,156254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156204,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225,156228,156230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156206,11082],{"class":79},[73,156208,84],{"class":83},[73,156210,8828],{"class":105},[73,156212,384],{"class":87},[73,156214,12477],{"class":91},[73,156216,384],{"class":87},[73,156218,149],{"class":105},[73,156220,8898],{"class":315},[73,156222,149],{"class":105},[73,156224,88],{"class":87},[73,156226,156227],{"class":91},"Canada",[73,156229,384],{"class":87},[73,156231,854],{"class":105},[73,156233,156234],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156235,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156237,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156239,6588],{"class":646},[73,156241,37758],{"class":101},[73,156243,106],{"class":105},[73,156245,11176],{"class":114},[73,156247,3246],{"class":105},[73,156249,5997],{"class":83},[73,156251,414],{"class":315},[73,156253,5982],{"class":105},[73,156255,156256,156258,156260,156262,156265,156267],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156257,7659],{"class":101},[73,156259,106],{"class":105},[73,156261,384],{"class":87},[73,156263,156264],{"class":91},"User record has the expected number of values",[73,156266,384],{"class":87},[73,156268,854],{"class":105},[20,156270,156271],{},[55,156272,1660],{},[64,156274,156276],{"className":66,"code":156275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156277,156278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156279,156280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156281,156275],{"class":79},[292,156283,156285],{"id":156284},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[64,156287,156289],{"className":66,"code":156288,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156290,156291,156323,156327,156347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156292,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156294,35460],{"class":79},[73,156296,84],{"class":83},[73,156298,8828],{"class":105},[73,156300,384],{"class":87},[73,156302,587],{"class":91},[73,156304,384],{"class":87},[73,156306,149],{"class":105},[73,156308,88],{"class":87},[73,156310,4350],{"class":91},[73,156312,384],{"class":87},[73,156314,149],{"class":105},[73,156316,88],{"class":87},[73,156318,9332],{"class":91},[73,156320,384],{"class":87},[73,156322,854],{"class":105},[73,156324,156325],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156326,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156328,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156330,5545],{"class":646},[73,156332,68930],{"class":79},[73,156334,3469],{"class":646},[73,156336,53449],{"class":101},[73,156338,106],{"class":105},[73,156340,10755],{"class":101},[73,156342,106],{"class":105},[73,156344,35513],{"class":114},[73,156346,68945],{"class":105},[73,156348,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156350,7659],{"class":101},[73,156352,106],{"class":105},[73,156354,35524],{"class":114},[73,156356,149],{"class":105},[73,156358,69478],{"class":114},[73,156360,138],{"class":105},[73,156362,35524],{"class":114},[73,156364,3475],{"class":105},[20,156366,156367],{},[55,156368,1660],{},[64,156370,156371],{"className":66,"code":35536,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156372,156373,156379,156385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156374,156375,156377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156376,1710],{"class":315},[73,156378,35545],{"class":79},[73,156380,156381,156383],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156382,404],{"class":315},[73,156384,35552],{"class":79},[73,156386,156387,156389],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156388,1646],{"class":315},[73,156390,35559],{"class":79},[20,156392,156393,156394,156396,156397,817],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[587,156395,149044],{"href":149043},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[587,156398,150288],{"href":150287},[59,156400,1207],{"id":1206},[20,156402,156403],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156405,156406,156414,156421,156426],{},[33,156407,156408,156409,10685,156412],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156410,156411],{},"(5)",[15,156413,148878],{},[33,156415,438,156416,156418,156419],{},[15,156417,10755],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156420,41735],{},[33,156422,8044,156423,156425],{},[15,156424,41735],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156427,156428],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156430,31681],{},[64,156432,156434],{"className":66,"code":156433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156435,156436,156446,156460,156474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156437,156438,156440,156442,156444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156439,102],{"class":101},[73,156441,106],{"class":105},[73,156443,147389],{"class":114},[73,156445,854],{"class":105},[73,156447,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156449,102],{"class":101},[73,156451,106],{"class":105},[73,156453,1271],{"class":1270},[73,156455,106],{"class":105},[73,156457,147389],{"class":114},[73,156459,118],{"class":105},[73,156461,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156463,102],{"class":101},[73,156465,106],{"class":105},[73,156467,10755],{"class":101},[73,156469,106],{"class":105},[73,156471,147389],{"class":114},[73,156473,118],{"class":105},[73,156475,156476,156478,156480,156482],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156477,842],{"class":101},[73,156479,106],{"class":105},[73,156481,10755],{"class":101},[73,156483,854],{"class":105},[20,156485,154598],{},[30,156487,156488,156491,156494,156498],{},[33,156489,156490],{},"what value you are using",[33,156492,156493],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156495,25616,156496,11300],{},[15,156497,41735],{},[33,156499,122762,156500,156502],{},[15,156501,41735],{}," is documented in Python",[59,156504,1405],{"id":1404},[292,156506,156508],{"id":156507},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156510,121,156511,156514],{},[15,156512,156513],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[292,156516,12300,156518,148548],{"id":156517},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156519,41735],{},[20,156521,45741,156522,156524],{},[15,156523,41735],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[292,156526,156528],{"id":156527},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156530,156531,156532,817],{},"The length is ",[15,156533,1710],{},[292,156535,156537],{"id":156536},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156539,150234,156540,156542],{},[15,156541,150237],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[292,156544,12300,156546,156548],{"id":156545},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156547,41735],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156550,156551],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[59,156553,1461],{"id":1460},[30,156555,156556,156562,156566,156570,156574],{},[33,156557,156558],{},[587,156559,13,156560,1470],{"href":41732},[15,156561,41735],{},[33,156563,156564],{},[587,156565,155463],{"href":147374},[33,156567,156568],{},[587,156569,149044],{"href":149043},[33,156571,156572],{},[587,156573,150288],{"href":150287},[33,156575,156576],{},[587,156577,156578],{"href":148674},"What is a tuple in Python",[1500,156580,156581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":156583},[156584,156585,156586,156593,156599,156608,156614,156615,156624],{"id":14760,"depth":98,"text":14761},{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":154951,"depth":98,"text":156587,"children":156588},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156589,156590,156591,156592],{"id":154963,"depth":332,"text":154964},{"id":155030,"depth":332,"text":155031},{"id":155075,"depth":332,"text":155076},{"id":155124,"depth":332,"text":155125},{"id":155213,"depth":98,"text":155214,"children":156594},[156595,156596,156597,156598],{"id":155217,"depth":332,"text":155218},{"id":155292,"depth":332,"text":155031},{"id":155334,"depth":332,"text":155335},{"id":155468,"depth":332,"text":155469},{"id":155552,"depth":98,"text":155553,"children":156600},[156601,156603,156605,156606],{"id":155556,"depth":332,"text":156602},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155694,"depth":332,"text":156604},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155770,"depth":332,"text":155771},{"id":155905,"depth":332,"text":156607},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156033,"depth":98,"text":156034,"children":156609},[156610,156611,156612,156613],{"id":156042,"depth":332,"text":156043},{"id":156115,"depth":332,"text":156116},{"id":156196,"depth":332,"text":156197},{"id":156284,"depth":332,"text":156285},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":156616},[156617,156618,156620,156621,156622],{"id":156507,"depth":332,"text":156508},{"id":156517,"depth":332,"text":156619},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156527,"depth":332,"text":156528},{"id":156536,"depth":332,"text":156537},{"id":156545,"depth":332,"text":156623},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154735,"description":156625},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156632,"title":156633,"body":156634,"description":159019,"extension":1552,"meta":159020,"navigation":335,"path":159021,"seo":159022,"stem":159023,"__hash__":159024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156635,"toc":158980},[156636,156639,156642,156645,156668,156674,156676,156787,156791,156794,156804,156806,156905,156907,156984,156990,156994,156997,157020,157023,157040,157043,157045,157108,157110,157127,157138,157143,157145,157148,157154,157205,157207,157227,157231,157282,157284,157305,157309,157364,157366,157387,157391,157446,157448,157469,157473,157526,157528,157557,157559,157561,157564,157568,157625,157627,157648,157652,157705,157707,157732,157737,157741,157746,157764,157767,157830,157832,157853,157856,157917,157919,157940,157943,157986,157989,157993,157998,158002,158081,158083,158114,158118,158193,158195,158222,158226,158273,158275,158283,158288,158292,158295,158310,158312,158400,158402,158427,158430,158473,158482,158484,158487,158502,158505,158509,158563,158565,158585,158590,158594,158596,158634,158637,158687,158691,158764,158766,158803,158806,158808,158811,158831,158834,158903,158905,158918,158920,158924,158927,158931,158934,158939,158942,158948,158953,158955,158977],[10,156637,156633],{"id":156638},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156640,156641],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156643,156644],{},"Use this format:",[64,156646,156648],{"className":66,"code":156647,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156649,156650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156651,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156653,48330],{"class":79},[73,156655,138],{"class":105},[73,156657,35442],{"class":79},[73,156659,2475],{"class":105},[73,156661,74808],{"class":79},[73,156663,2475],{"class":105},[73,156665,74811],{"class":79},[73,156667,229],{"class":105},[20,156669,1569,156670,74844,156672,817],{},[15,156671,74808],{},[55,156673,64451],{},[59,156675,62],{"id":61},[64,156677,156679],{"className":66,"code":156678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156680,156681,156709,156713,156734,156751,156768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156682,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156684,523],{"class":79},[73,156686,84],{"class":83},[73,156688,8828],{"class":105},[73,156690,1920],{"class":315},[73,156692,149],{"class":105},[73,156694,7380],{"class":315},[73,156696,149],{"class":105},[73,156698,7385],{"class":315},[73,156700,149],{"class":105},[73,156702,50221],{"class":315},[73,156704,149],{"class":105},[73,156706,4671],{"class":315},[73,156708,854],{"class":105},[73,156710,156711],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156712,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156714,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156716,102],{"class":101},[73,156718,106],{"class":105},[73,156720,553],{"class":114},[73,156722,138],{"class":105},[73,156724,404],{"class":315},[73,156726,2475],{"class":105},[73,156728,2095],{"class":315},[73,156730,20045],{"class":105},[73,156732,156733],{"class":3249},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[73,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156737,102],{"class":101},[73,156739,106],{"class":105},[73,156741,553],{"class":114},[73,156743,74917],{"class":105},[73,156745,1652],{"class":315},[73,156747,20045],{"class":105},[73,156749,156750],{"class":3249},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[73,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,156754,102],{"class":101},[73,156756,106],{"class":105},[73,156758,553],{"class":114},[73,156760,73504],{"class":105},[73,156762,1646],{"class":315},[73,156764,20045],{"class":105},[73,156766,156767],{"class":3249},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[73,156769,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,156771,102],{"class":101},[73,156773,106],{"class":105},[73,156775,553],{"class":114},[73,156777,73504],{"class":105},[73,156779,1611],{"class":83},[73,156781,404],{"class":315},[73,156783,20045],{"class":105},[73,156785,156786],{"class":3249},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[59,156788,156790],{"id":156789},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156792,156793],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,156795,156796,156798,156801],{},[33,156797,75111],{},[33,156799,156800],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,156802,156803],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156805,714],{},[64,156807,156809],{"className":66,"code":156808,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156810,156811,156859,156863,156881,156885,156895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156812,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156814,35460],{"class":79},[73,156816,84],{"class":83},[73,156818,8828],{"class":105},[73,156820,384],{"class":87},[73,156822,587],{"class":91},[73,156824,384],{"class":87},[73,156826,149],{"class":105},[73,156828,88],{"class":87},[73,156830,4350],{"class":91},[73,156832,384],{"class":87},[73,156834,149],{"class":105},[73,156836,88],{"class":87},[73,156838,9332],{"class":91},[73,156840,384],{"class":87},[73,156842,149],{"class":105},[73,156844,88],{"class":87},[73,156846,18366],{"class":91},[73,156848,384],{"class":87},[73,156850,149],{"class":105},[73,156852,88],{"class":87},[73,156854,59828],{"class":91},[73,156856,384],{"class":87},[73,156858,854],{"class":105},[73,156860,156861],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156862,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156864,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,156866,75041],{"class":79},[73,156868,84],{"class":83},[73,156870,69478],{"class":79},[73,156872,138],{"class":105},[73,156874,404],{"class":315},[73,156876,2475],{"class":105},[73,156878,2095],{"class":315},[73,156880,229],{"class":105},[73,156882,156883],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,156884,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,156886,156887,156889,156891,156893],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,156888,102],{"class":101},[73,156890,106],{"class":105},[73,156892,75064],{"class":114},[73,156894,854],{"class":105},[73,156896,156897,156899,156901,156903],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,156898,102],{"class":101},[73,156900,106],{"class":105},[73,156902,35513],{"class":114},[73,156904,854],{"class":105},[20,156906,1660],{},[64,156908,156910],{"className":66,"code":156909,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156911,156912,156940],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156915,106],{"class":105},[73,156917,141],{"class":87},[73,156919,4350],{"class":91},[73,156921,141],{"class":87},[73,156923,149],{"class":105},[73,156925,152],{"class":87},[73,156927,9332],{"class":91},[73,156929,141],{"class":87},[73,156931,149],{"class":105},[73,156933,152],{"class":87},[73,156935,18366],{"class":91},[73,156937,141],{"class":87},[73,156939,854],{"class":105},[73,156941,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,156943,106],{"class":105},[73,156945,141],{"class":87},[73,156947,587],{"class":91},[73,156949,141],{"class":87},[73,156951,149],{"class":105},[73,156953,152],{"class":87},[73,156955,4350],{"class":91},[73,156957,141],{"class":87},[73,156959,149],{"class":105},[73,156961,152],{"class":87},[73,156963,9332],{"class":91},[73,156965,141],{"class":87},[73,156967,149],{"class":105},[73,156969,152],{"class":87},[73,156971,18366],{"class":91},[73,156973,141],{"class":87},[73,156975,149],{"class":105},[73,156977,152],{"class":87},[73,156979,59828],{"class":91},[73,156981,141],{"class":87},[73,156983,854],{"class":105},[20,156985,156986,156987,817],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[587,156988,147371],{"href":156989},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[59,156991,156993],{"id":156992},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156995,156996],{},"The full syntax is:",[64,156998,157000],{"className":66,"code":156999,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157001,157002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157003,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157005,147389],{"class":79},[73,157007,138],{"class":105},[73,157009,35442],{"class":79},[73,157011,2475],{"class":105},[73,157013,74808],{"class":79},[73,157015,2475],{"class":105},[73,157017,74811],{"class":79},[73,157019,229],{"class":105},[20,157021,157022],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157024,157025,157030,157035],{},[33,157026,157027,157029],{},[15,157028,35442],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157031,157032,157034],{},[15,157033,74808],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157036,157037,157039],{},[15,157038,74811],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157041,157042],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157044,714],{},[64,157046,157048],{"className":66,"code":157047,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157049,157050,157082,157086],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157051,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157053,523],{"class":79},[73,157055,84],{"class":83},[73,157057,8828],{"class":105},[73,157059,1920],{"class":315},[73,157061,149],{"class":105},[73,157063,7380],{"class":315},[73,157065,149],{"class":105},[73,157067,7385],{"class":315},[73,157069,149],{"class":105},[73,157071,50221],{"class":315},[73,157073,149],{"class":105},[73,157075,4671],{"class":315},[73,157077,149],{"class":105},[73,157079,75482],{"class":315},[73,157081,854],{"class":105},[73,157083,157084],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157085,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157087,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157089,102],{"class":101},[73,157091,106],{"class":105},[73,157093,553],{"class":114},[73,157095,138],{"class":105},[73,157097,404],{"class":315},[73,157099,2475],{"class":105},[73,157101,1727],{"class":315},[73,157103,2475],{"class":105},[73,157105,1646],{"class":315},[73,157107,3475],{"class":105},[20,157109,1660],{},[64,157111,157113],{"className":66,"code":157112,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157114,157115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157116,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157118,106],{"class":105},[73,157120,15352],{"class":315},[73,157122,149],{"class":105},[73,157124,50221],{"class":315},[73,157126,854],{"class":105},[20,157128,157129,157130,157132,157133,157135,157136,817],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157131,404],{},", stops before index ",[15,157134,1727],{},", and moves by ",[15,157137,1646],{},[20,157139,157140,157141,817],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[587,157142,149044],{"href":152470},[59,157144,75398],{"id":75397},[20,157146,157147],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[292,157149,157151,157152,5553],{"id":157150},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157153,75412],{},[64,157155,157157],{"className":66,"code":157156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157158,157159,157187,157191],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157160,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157162,523],{"class":79},[73,157164,84],{"class":83},[73,157166,8828],{"class":105},[73,157168,1920],{"class":315},[73,157170,149],{"class":105},[73,157172,7380],{"class":315},[73,157174,149],{"class":105},[73,157176,7385],{"class":315},[73,157178,149],{"class":105},[73,157180,50221],{"class":315},[73,157182,149],{"class":105},[73,157184,4671],{"class":315},[73,157186,854],{"class":105},[73,157188,157189],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157190,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157192,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157194,102],{"class":101},[73,157196,106],{"class":105},[73,157198,553],{"class":114},[73,157200,74917],{"class":105},[73,157202,1652],{"class":315},[73,157204,3475],{"class":105},[20,157206,1660],{},[64,157208,157209],{"className":66,"code":150736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,157210,157211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157212,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157214,106],{"class":105},[73,157216,1920],{"class":315},[73,157218,149],{"class":105},[73,157220,7380],{"class":315},[73,157222,149],{"class":105},[73,157224,7385],{"class":315},[73,157226,854],{"class":105},[292,157228,157230],{"id":157229},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[64,157232,157234],{"className":66,"code":157233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157235,157236,157264,157268],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157237,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157239,523],{"class":79},[73,157241,84],{"class":83},[73,157243,8828],{"class":105},[73,157245,1920],{"class":315},[73,157247,149],{"class":105},[73,157249,7380],{"class":315},[73,157251,149],{"class":105},[73,157253,7385],{"class":315},[73,157255,149],{"class":105},[73,157257,50221],{"class":315},[73,157259,149],{"class":105},[73,157261,4671],{"class":315},[73,157263,854],{"class":105},[73,157265,157266],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157267,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157269,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157271,102],{"class":101},[73,157273,106],{"class":105},[73,157275,553],{"class":114},[73,157277,138],{"class":105},[73,157279,1646],{"class":315},[73,157281,77098],{"class":105},[20,157283,1660],{},[64,157285,157287],{"className":66,"code":157286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157288,157289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157290,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157292,106],{"class":105},[73,157294,36212],{"class":315},[73,157296,149],{"class":105},[73,157298,50221],{"class":315},[73,157300,149],{"class":105},[73,157302,4671],{"class":315},[73,157304,854],{"class":105},[292,157306,157308],{"id":157307},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[64,157310,157312],{"className":66,"code":157311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157313,157314,157342,157346],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157315,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157317,523],{"class":79},[73,157319,84],{"class":83},[73,157321,8828],{"class":105},[73,157323,1920],{"class":315},[73,157325,149],{"class":105},[73,157327,7380],{"class":315},[73,157329,149],{"class":105},[73,157331,7385],{"class":315},[73,157333,149],{"class":105},[73,157335,50221],{"class":315},[73,157337,149],{"class":105},[73,157339,4671],{"class":315},[73,157341,854],{"class":105},[73,157343,157344],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157345,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157347,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157349,102],{"class":101},[73,157351,106],{"class":105},[73,157353,553],{"class":114},[73,157355,138],{"class":105},[73,157357,404],{"class":315},[73,157359,2475],{"class":105},[73,157361,2095],{"class":315},[73,157363,3475],{"class":105},[20,157365,1660],{},[64,157367,157369],{"className":66,"code":157368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157370,157371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157372,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157374,106],{"class":105},[73,157376,15352],{"class":315},[73,157378,149],{"class":105},[73,157380,7385],{"class":315},[73,157382,149],{"class":105},[73,157384,50221],{"class":315},[73,157386,854],{"class":105},[292,157388,157390],{"id":157389},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[64,157392,157394],{"className":66,"code":157393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157395,157396,157428,157432],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157397,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157399,523],{"class":79},[73,157401,84],{"class":83},[73,157403,8828],{"class":105},[73,157405,1920],{"class":315},[73,157407,149],{"class":105},[73,157409,7380],{"class":315},[73,157411,149],{"class":105},[73,157413,7385],{"class":315},[73,157415,149],{"class":105},[73,157417,50221],{"class":315},[73,157419,149],{"class":105},[73,157421,4671],{"class":315},[73,157423,149],{"class":105},[73,157425,75482],{"class":315},[73,157427,854],{"class":105},[73,157429,157430],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157431,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157433,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157435,102],{"class":101},[73,157437,106],{"class":105},[73,157439,553],{"class":114},[73,157441,73504],{"class":105},[73,157443,1646],{"class":315},[73,157445,3475],{"class":105},[20,157447,1660],{},[64,157449,157451],{"className":66,"code":157450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157452,157453],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157454,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157456,106],{"class":105},[73,157458,1920],{"class":315},[73,157460,149],{"class":105},[73,157462,7385],{"class":315},[73,157464,149],{"class":105},[73,157466,4671],{"class":315},[73,157468,854],{"class":105},[292,157470,157472],{"id":157471},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[64,157474,157476],{"className":66,"code":157475,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157477,157478,157506,157510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157479,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157481,523],{"class":79},[73,157483,84],{"class":83},[73,157485,8828],{"class":105},[73,157487,1920],{"class":315},[73,157489,149],{"class":105},[73,157491,7380],{"class":315},[73,157493,149],{"class":105},[73,157495,7385],{"class":315},[73,157497,149],{"class":105},[73,157499,50221],{"class":315},[73,157501,149],{"class":105},[73,157503,4671],{"class":315},[73,157505,854],{"class":105},[73,157507,157508],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157509,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157513,102],{"class":101},[73,157515,106],{"class":105},[73,157517,553],{"class":114},[73,157519,73504],{"class":105},[73,157521,1611],{"class":83},[73,157523,404],{"class":315},[73,157525,3475],{"class":105},[20,157527,1660],{},[64,157529,157531],{"className":66,"code":157530,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157532,157533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157534,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157536,106],{"class":105},[73,157538,76176],{"class":315},[73,157540,149],{"class":105},[73,157542,50221],{"class":315},[73,157544,149],{"class":105},[73,157546,7385],{"class":315},[73,157548,149],{"class":105},[73,157550,7380],{"class":315},[73,157552,149],{"class":105},[73,157554,5592],{"class":315},[73,157556,854],{"class":105},[59,157558,75692],{"id":75691},[20,157560,153743],{},[20,157562,157563],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[292,157565,157567],{"id":157566},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[64,157569,157571],{"className":66,"code":157570,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157572,157573,157605,157609],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157574,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157576,523],{"class":79},[73,157578,84],{"class":83},[73,157580,8828],{"class":105},[73,157582,1920],{"class":315},[73,157584,149],{"class":105},[73,157586,7380],{"class":315},[73,157588,149],{"class":105},[73,157590,7385],{"class":315},[73,157592,149],{"class":105},[73,157594,50221],{"class":315},[73,157596,149],{"class":105},[73,157598,4671],{"class":315},[73,157600,149],{"class":105},[73,157602,75482],{"class":315},[73,157604,854],{"class":105},[73,157606,157607],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157608,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157610,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157612,102],{"class":101},[73,157614,106],{"class":105},[73,157616,553],{"class":114},[73,157618,138],{"class":105},[73,157620,1611],{"class":83},[73,157622,1652],{"class":315},[73,157624,77098],{"class":105},[20,157626,1660],{},[64,157628,157630],{"className":66,"code":157629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157631,157632],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157633,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157635,106],{"class":105},[73,157637,56072],{"class":315},[73,157639,149],{"class":105},[73,157641,4671],{"class":315},[73,157643,149],{"class":105},[73,157645,75482],{"class":315},[73,157647,854],{"class":105},[292,157649,157651],{"id":157650},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[64,157653,157655],{"className":66,"code":157654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157656,157657,157685,157689],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157658,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157660,523],{"class":79},[73,157662,84],{"class":83},[73,157664,8828],{"class":105},[73,157666,1920],{"class":315},[73,157668,149],{"class":105},[73,157670,7380],{"class":315},[73,157672,149],{"class":105},[73,157674,7385],{"class":315},[73,157676,149],{"class":105},[73,157678,50221],{"class":315},[73,157680,149],{"class":105},[73,157682,4671],{"class":315},[73,157684,854],{"class":105},[73,157686,157687],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157688,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157690,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157692,102],{"class":101},[73,157694,106],{"class":105},[73,157696,553],{"class":114},[73,157698,74917],{"class":105},[73,157700,1611],{"class":83},[73,157702,404],{"class":315},[73,157704,3475],{"class":105},[20,157706,1660],{},[64,157708,157710],{"className":66,"code":157709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157711,157712],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157713,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157715,106],{"class":105},[73,157717,1920],{"class":315},[73,157719,149],{"class":105},[73,157721,7380],{"class":315},[73,157723,149],{"class":105},[73,157725,7385],{"class":315},[73,157727,149],{"class":105},[73,157729,50221],{"class":315},[73,157731,854],{"class":105},[20,157733,157734,157735,817],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[587,157736,150293],{"href":156627},[59,157738,157740],{"id":157739},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157742,1569,157743,157745],{},[15,157744,74811],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,157747,157748,157750,157752,157758],{},[33,157749,75948],{},[33,157751,75951],{},[33,157753,157754,157757],{},[15,157755,157756],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,157759,157760,157761,157763],{},"A step of ",[15,157762,1710],{}," is not allowed",[20,157765,157766],{},"Example with a positive step:",[64,157768,157770],{"className":66,"code":157769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157771,157772,157804,157808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157773,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157775,523],{"class":79},[73,157777,84],{"class":83},[73,157779,8828],{"class":105},[73,157781,1920],{"class":315},[73,157783,149],{"class":105},[73,157785,7380],{"class":315},[73,157787,149],{"class":105},[73,157789,7385],{"class":315},[73,157791,149],{"class":105},[73,157793,50221],{"class":315},[73,157795,149],{"class":105},[73,157797,4671],{"class":315},[73,157799,149],{"class":105},[73,157801,75482],{"class":315},[73,157803,854],{"class":105},[73,157805,157806],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157807,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157809,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157811,102],{"class":101},[73,157813,106],{"class":105},[73,157815,553],{"class":114},[73,157817,138],{"class":105},[73,157819,404],{"class":315},[73,157821,2475],{"class":105},[73,157823,79976],{"class":315},[73,157825,2475],{"class":105},[73,157827,1646],{"class":315},[73,157829,3475],{"class":105},[20,157831,1660],{},[64,157833,157835],{"className":66,"code":157834,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157836,157837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157838,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157840,106],{"class":105},[73,157842,15352],{"class":315},[73,157844,149],{"class":105},[73,157846,50221],{"class":315},[73,157848,149],{"class":105},[73,157850,75482],{"class":315},[73,157852,854],{"class":105},[20,157854,157855],{},"Example with a negative step:",[64,157857,157859],{"className":66,"code":157858,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157860,157861,157889,157893],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157864,523],{"class":79},[73,157866,84],{"class":83},[73,157868,8828],{"class":105},[73,157870,1920],{"class":315},[73,157872,149],{"class":105},[73,157874,7380],{"class":315},[73,157876,149],{"class":105},[73,157878,7385],{"class":315},[73,157880,149],{"class":105},[73,157882,50221],{"class":315},[73,157884,149],{"class":105},[73,157886,4671],{"class":315},[73,157888,854],{"class":105},[73,157890,157891],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157892,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157896,102],{"class":101},[73,157898,106],{"class":105},[73,157900,553],{"class":114},[73,157902,138],{"class":105},[73,157904,2095],{"class":315},[73,157906,2475],{"class":105},[73,157908,404],{"class":315},[73,157910,2475],{"class":105},[73,157912,1611],{"class":83},[73,157914,404],{"class":315},[73,157916,3475],{"class":105},[20,157918,1660],{},[64,157920,157922],{"className":66,"code":157921,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157923,157924],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157925,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157927,106],{"class":105},[73,157929,76176],{"class":315},[73,157931,149],{"class":105},[73,157933,50221],{"class":315},[73,157935,149],{"class":105},[73,157937,7385],{"class":315},[73,157939,854],{"class":105},[20,157941,157942],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[64,157944,157946],{"className":66,"code":157945,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157947,157948,157968,157972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157949,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157951,523],{"class":79},[73,157953,84],{"class":83},[73,157955,8828],{"class":105},[73,157957,1920],{"class":315},[73,157959,149],{"class":105},[73,157961,7380],{"class":315},[73,157963,149],{"class":105},[73,157965,7385],{"class":315},[73,157967,854],{"class":105},[73,157969,157970],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,157971,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,157975,102],{"class":101},[73,157977,106],{"class":105},[73,157979,553],{"class":114},[73,157981,73504],{"class":105},[73,157983,1710],{"class":315},[73,157985,3475],{"class":105},[20,157987,157988],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[59,157990,157992],{"id":157991},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157994,157995,157996,33339],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[55,157997,48330],{},[292,157999,158001],{"id":158000},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[64,158003,158005],{"className":66,"code":158004,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158006,158007,158031,158035,158053,158057,158067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158008,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158010,523],{"class":79},[73,158012,84],{"class":83},[73,158014,8828],{"class":105},[73,158016,1920],{"class":315},[73,158018,149],{"class":105},[73,158020,7380],{"class":315},[73,158022,149],{"class":105},[73,158024,7385],{"class":315},[73,158026,149],{"class":105},[73,158028,50221],{"class":315},[73,158030,854],{"class":105},[73,158032,158033],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158034,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158036,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158038,1819],{"class":79},[73,158040,84],{"class":83},[73,158042,3851],{"class":79},[73,158044,138],{"class":105},[73,158046,404],{"class":315},[73,158048,2475],{"class":105},[73,158050,1652],{"class":315},[73,158052,229],{"class":105},[73,158054,158055],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,158056,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158058,158059,158061,158063,158065],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,158060,102],{"class":101},[73,158062,106],{"class":105},[73,158064,1854],{"class":114},[73,158066,854],{"class":105},[73,158068,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,158070,102],{"class":101},[73,158072,106],{"class":105},[73,158074,1271],{"class":1270},[73,158076,106],{"class":105},[73,158078,1854],{"class":114},[73,158080,118],{"class":105},[20,158082,1660],{},[64,158084,158086],{"className":66,"code":158085,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158087,158088,158100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158089,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158091,106],{"class":105},[73,158093,15352],{"class":315},[73,158095,149],{"class":105},[73,158097,7385],{"class":315},[73,158099,854],{"class":105},[73,158101,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158103,2879],{"class":83},[73,158105,2882],{"class":633},[73,158107,152],{"class":87},[73,158109,48330],{"class":91},[73,158111,141],{"class":87},[73,158113,2891],{"class":83},[292,158115,158117],{"id":158116},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[64,158119,158121],{"className":66,"code":158120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158122,158123,158143,158147,158165,158169,158179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158126,523],{"class":79},[73,158128,84],{"class":83},[73,158130,8828],{"class":105},[73,158132,1920],{"class":315},[73,158134,149],{"class":105},[73,158136,7380],{"class":315},[73,158138,149],{"class":105},[73,158140,7385],{"class":315},[73,158142,854],{"class":105},[73,158144,158145],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158146,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158148,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158150,1819],{"class":79},[73,158152,84],{"class":83},[73,158154,3851],{"class":79},[73,158156,138],{"class":105},[73,158158,404],{"class":315},[73,158160,2475],{"class":105},[73,158162,1646],{"class":315},[73,158164,229],{"class":105},[73,158166,158167],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,158168,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158170,158171,158173,158175,158177],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,158172,102],{"class":101},[73,158174,106],{"class":105},[73,158176,1854],{"class":114},[73,158178,854],{"class":105},[73,158180,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,158182,102],{"class":101},[73,158184,106],{"class":105},[73,158186,1271],{"class":1270},[73,158188,106],{"class":105},[73,158190,1854],{"class":114},[73,158192,118],{"class":105},[20,158194,1660],{},[64,158196,158198],{"className":66,"code":158197,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158199,158200,158208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158201,158202,158204,158206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158203,106],{"class":105},[73,158205,15352],{"class":315},[73,158207,148727],{"class":105},[73,158209,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158211,2879],{"class":83},[73,158213,2882],{"class":633},[73,158215,152],{"class":87},[73,158217,48330],{"class":91},[73,158219,141],{"class":87},[73,158221,2891],{"class":83},[292,158223,158225],{"id":158224},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[64,158227,158229],{"className":66,"code":158228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158230,158231,158251,158255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158234,523],{"class":79},[73,158236,84],{"class":83},[73,158238,8828],{"class":105},[73,158240,1920],{"class":315},[73,158242,149],{"class":105},[73,158244,7380],{"class":315},[73,158246,149],{"class":105},[73,158248,7385],{"class":315},[73,158250,854],{"class":105},[73,158252,158253],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158254,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158258,102],{"class":101},[73,158260,106],{"class":105},[73,158262,553],{"class":114},[73,158264,138],{"class":105},[73,158266,1727],{"class":315},[73,158268,2475],{"class":105},[73,158270,1935],{"class":315},[73,158272,3475],{"class":105},[20,158274,1660],{},[64,158276,158277],{"className":66,"code":8233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,158278,158279],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158280,158281],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158282,8233],{"class":105},[20,158284,158285,158286,817],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[587,158287,155463],{"href":150350},[59,158289,158291],{"id":158290},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158293,158294],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158296,158297,158299,158302,158307],{},[33,158298,76257],{},[33,158300,158301],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158303,158304,158305],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158306,70113],{},[33,158308,158309],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158311,714],{},[64,158313,158315],{"className":66,"code":158314,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158316,158317,158337,158341,158358,158379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158320,523],{"class":79},[73,158322,84],{"class":83},[73,158324,8828],{"class":105},[73,158326,1920],{"class":315},[73,158328,149],{"class":105},[73,158330,7380],{"class":315},[73,158332,149],{"class":105},[73,158334,7385],{"class":315},[73,158336,854],{"class":105},[73,158338,158339],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158340,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158342,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158344,102],{"class":101},[73,158346,106],{"class":105},[73,158348,553],{"class":114},[73,158350,138],{"class":105},[73,158352,404],{"class":315},[73,158354,20045],{"class":105},[73,158356,158357],{"class":3249},"    # one item\n",[73,158359,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,158361,102],{"class":101},[73,158363,106],{"class":105},[73,158365,553],{"class":114},[73,158367,138],{"class":105},[73,158369,404],{"class":315},[73,158371,2475],{"class":105},[73,158373,1727],{"class":315},[73,158375,20045],{"class":105},[73,158377,158378],{"class":3249},"  # slice\n",[73,158380,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,158382,102],{"class":101},[73,158384,106],{"class":105},[73,158386,553],{"class":114},[73,158388,138],{"class":105},[73,158390,1727],{"class":315},[73,158392,2475],{"class":105},[73,158394,1935],{"class":315},[73,158396,20045],{"class":105},[73,158398,158399],{"class":3249},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158401,1660],{},[64,158403,158405],{"className":66,"code":158404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158406,158407,158411,158423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158408,158409],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158410,70606],{"class":315},[73,158412,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158414,106],{"class":105},[73,158416,15352],{"class":315},[73,158418,149],{"class":105},[73,158420,7385],{"class":315},[73,158422,854],{"class":105},[73,158424,158425],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158426,8233],{"class":105},[20,158428,158429],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[64,158431,158433],{"className":66,"code":158432,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158434,158435,158455,158459],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158436,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158438,523],{"class":79},[73,158440,84],{"class":83},[73,158442,8828],{"class":105},[73,158444,1920],{"class":315},[73,158446,149],{"class":105},[73,158448,7380],{"class":315},[73,158450,149],{"class":105},[73,158452,7385],{"class":315},[73,158454,854],{"class":105},[73,158456,158457],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158458,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158462,102],{"class":101},[73,158464,106],{"class":105},[73,158466,553],{"class":114},[73,158468,138],{"class":105},[73,158470,1727],{"class":315},[73,158472,3475],{"class":105},[20,158474,158475,158476,158478,158479,817],{},"This raises an ",[15,158477,70113],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[587,158480,154216],{"href":158481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[59,158483,14775],{"id":76524},[20,158485,158486],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158488,158489,158492,158494,158497],{},[33,158490,158491],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158493,60073],{},[33,158495,158496],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158498,158499,158500],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158501,1710],{},[20,158503,158504],{},"Here are a few examples.",[292,158506,158508],{"id":158507},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[64,158510,158511],{"className":66,"code":157311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,158512,158513,158541,158545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158514,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158516,523],{"class":79},[73,158518,84],{"class":83},[73,158520,8828],{"class":105},[73,158522,1920],{"class":315},[73,158524,149],{"class":105},[73,158526,7380],{"class":315},[73,158528,149],{"class":105},[73,158530,7385],{"class":315},[73,158532,149],{"class":105},[73,158534,50221],{"class":315},[73,158536,149],{"class":105},[73,158538,4671],{"class":315},[73,158540,854],{"class":105},[73,158542,158543],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158544,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158546,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158548,102],{"class":101},[73,158550,106],{"class":105},[73,158552,553],{"class":114},[73,158554,138],{"class":105},[73,158556,404],{"class":315},[73,158558,2475],{"class":105},[73,158560,2095],{"class":315},[73,158562,3475],{"class":105},[20,158564,1660],{},[64,158566,158567],{"className":66,"code":157368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,158568,158569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158570,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158572,106],{"class":105},[73,158574,15352],{"class":315},[73,158576,149],{"class":105},[73,158578,7385],{"class":315},[73,158580,149],{"class":105},[73,158582,50221],{"class":315},[73,158584,854],{"class":105},[20,158586,131795,158587,158589],{},[15,158588,2095],{}," is not included.",[292,158591,158593],{"id":158592},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158595,4114],{},[64,158597,158599],{"className":66,"code":158598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158600,158601,158625,158629],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158604,523],{"class":79},[73,158606,84],{"class":83},[73,158608,8828],{"class":105},[73,158610,1920],{"class":315},[73,158612,149],{"class":105},[73,158614,7380],{"class":315},[73,158616,149],{"class":105},[73,158618,7385],{"class":315},[73,158620,149],{"class":105},[73,158622,50221],{"class":315},[73,158624,854],{"class":105},[73,158626,158627],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158628,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158630,158631],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158632,158633],{"class":3249},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158635,158636],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[64,158638,158639],{"className":66,"code":154296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,158640,158641,158665,158669],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158642,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158644,523],{"class":79},[73,158646,84],{"class":83},[73,158648,8828],{"class":105},[73,158650,1920],{"class":315},[73,158652,149],{"class":105},[73,158654,7380],{"class":315},[73,158656,149],{"class":105},[73,158658,7385],{"class":315},[73,158660,149],{"class":105},[73,158662,50221],{"class":315},[73,158664,854],{"class":105},[73,158666,158667],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158668,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158670,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158672,102],{"class":101},[73,158674,106],{"class":105},[73,158676,553],{"class":114},[73,158678,138],{"class":105},[73,158680,404],{"class":315},[73,158682,2475],{"class":105},[73,158684,1652],{"class":315},[73,158686,3475],{"class":105},[292,158688,158690],{"id":158689},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[64,158692,158694],{"className":66,"code":158693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158695,158696,158720,158724,158739,158743,158754],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158697,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158699,523],{"class":79},[73,158701,84],{"class":83},[73,158703,8828],{"class":105},[73,158705,1920],{"class":315},[73,158707,149],{"class":105},[73,158709,7380],{"class":315},[73,158711,149],{"class":105},[73,158713,7385],{"class":315},[73,158715,149],{"class":105},[73,158717,50221],{"class":315},[73,158719,854],{"class":105},[73,158721,158722],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158723,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158725,158726,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158727,158728],{"class":79},"slice_result ",[73,158730,84],{"class":83},[73,158732,3851],{"class":79},[73,158734,74917],{"class":105},[73,158736,1646],{"class":315},[73,158738,229],{"class":105},[73,158740,158741],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,158742,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,158744,158745,158747,158749,158752],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,158746,102],{"class":101},[73,158748,106],{"class":105},[73,158750,158751],{"class":114},"slice_result",[73,158753,854],{"class":105},[73,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,158757,102],{"class":101},[73,158759,106],{"class":105},[73,158761,553],{"class":114},[73,158763,854],{"class":105},[20,158765,1660],{},[64,158767,158769],{"className":66,"code":158768,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158770,158771,158783],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158772,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158774,106],{"class":105},[73,158776,1920],{"class":315},[73,158778,149],{"class":105},[73,158780,7380],{"class":315},[73,158782,854],{"class":105},[73,158784,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158786,106],{"class":105},[73,158788,1920],{"class":315},[73,158790,149],{"class":105},[73,158792,7380],{"class":315},[73,158794,149],{"class":105},[73,158796,7385],{"class":315},[73,158798,149],{"class":105},[73,158800,50221],{"class":315},[73,158802,854],{"class":105},[20,158804,158805],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[59,158807,113109],{"id":113108},[20,158809,158810],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,158812,158813,158816,158819,158825,158828],{},[33,158814,158815],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,158817,158818],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,158820,158821,158822],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158823,158824],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,158826,158827],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,158829,158830],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158832,158833],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[64,158835,158837],{"className":66,"code":158836,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158838,158839,158849,158867,158889],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158840,158841,158843,158845,158847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158842,102],{"class":101},[73,158844,106],{"class":105},[73,158846,147389],{"class":114},[73,158848,854],{"class":105},[73,158850,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,158852,102],{"class":101},[73,158854,106],{"class":105},[73,158856,147389],{"class":114},[73,158858,138],{"class":105},[73,158860,404],{"class":315},[73,158862,2475],{"class":105},[73,158864,2095],{"class":315},[73,158866,3475],{"class":105},[73,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,158870,102],{"class":101},[73,158872,106],{"class":105},[73,158874,1271],{"class":1270},[73,158876,106],{"class":105},[73,158878,147389],{"class":114},[73,158880,138],{"class":105},[73,158882,404],{"class":315},[73,158884,2475],{"class":105},[73,158886,2095],{"class":315},[73,158888,417],{"class":105},[73,158890,158891,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,158892,102],{"class":101},[73,158894,106],{"class":105},[73,158896,10755],{"class":101},[73,158898,106],{"class":105},[73,158900,147389],{"class":114},[73,158902,118],{"class":105},[20,158904,10764],{},[30,158906,158907,158909,158912,158915],{},[33,158908,154603],{},[33,158910,158911],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,158913,158914],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,158916,158917],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[59,158919,1405],{"id":1404},[292,158921,158923],{"id":158922},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158925,158926],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[292,158928,158930],{"id":158929},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158932,158933],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[292,158935,1409,158937,39333],{"id":158936},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158938,157756],{},[20,158940,158941],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[292,158943,158945,158946,1424],{"id":158944},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158947,70113],{},[20,158949,158950,158951,817],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158952,70113],{},[59,158954,1461],{"id":1460},[30,158956,158957,158961,158965,158969,158973],{},[33,158958,158959],{},[587,158960,155463],{"href":150350},[33,158962,158963],{},[587,158964,149044],{"href":152470},[33,158966,158967],{},[587,158968,150293],{"href":156627},[33,158970,158971],{},[587,158972,147371],{"href":156989},[33,158974,158975],{},[587,158976,154216],{"href":158481},[1500,158978,158979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":158981},[158982,158983,158984,158985,158993,158997,158998,159003,159004,159009,159010,159018],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":156789,"depth":98,"text":156790},{"id":156992,"depth":98,"text":156993},{"id":75397,"depth":98,"text":75398,"children":158986},[158987,158989,158990,158991,158992],{"id":157150,"depth":332,"text":158988},"Get the first n items",{"id":157229,"depth":332,"text":157230},{"id":157307,"depth":332,"text":157308},{"id":157389,"depth":332,"text":157390},{"id":157471,"depth":332,"text":157472},{"id":75691,"depth":98,"text":75692,"children":158994},[158995,158996],{"id":157566,"depth":332,"text":157567},{"id":157650,"depth":332,"text":157651},{"id":157739,"depth":98,"text":157740},{"id":157991,"depth":98,"text":157992,"children":158999},[159000,159001,159002],{"id":158000,"depth":332,"text":158001},{"id":158116,"depth":332,"text":158117},{"id":158224,"depth":332,"text":158225},{"id":158290,"depth":98,"text":158291},{"id":76524,"depth":98,"text":14775,"children":159005},[159006,159007,159008],{"id":158507,"depth":332,"text":158508},{"id":158592,"depth":332,"text":158593},{"id":158689,"depth":332,"text":158690},{"id":113108,"depth":98,"text":113109},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":159011},[159012,159013,159014,159016],{"id":158922,"depth":332,"text":158923},{"id":158929,"depth":332,"text":158930},{"id":158936,"depth":332,"text":159015},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158944,"depth":332,"text":159017},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156633,"description":159019},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159026,"title":159027,"body":159028,"description":160851,"extension":1552,"meta":160852,"navigation":335,"path":589,"seo":160853,"stem":160854,"__hash__":160855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159029,"toc":160817},[159030,159035,159040,159044,159062,159065,159080,159086,159088,159145,159147,159179,159191,159197,159202,159205,159240,159246,159248,159251,159265,159268,159270,159293,159295,159313,159316,159332,159334,159337,159450,159452,159541,159544,159549,159555,159558,159561,159660,159662,159721,159726,159729,159798,159802,159834,159850,159855,159862,159869,159881,159883,159932,159934,159957,159963,160011,160016,160023,160031,160037,160040,160064,160067,160069,160145,160147,160172,160178,160181,160186,160190,160204,160206,160269,160271,160303,160306,160322,160324,160330,160337,160339,160358,160360,160378,160385,160390,160397,160399,160436,160439,160446,160450,160453,160511,160514,160517,160572,160574,160586,160592,160594,160598,160631,160638,160640,160703,160706,160708,160713,160727,160734,160742,160751,160760,160766,160772,160774,160814],[10,159031,13,159033,18],{"id":159032},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159034,592],{},[20,159036,22,159037,159039],{},[15,159038,592],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159041,62148,159042,103953],{},[15,159043,592],{},[30,159045,159046,159049,159052,159055],{},[33,159047,159048],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159050,159051],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159053,159054],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159056,159057,159058],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[587,159059,159060],{"href":7810},[15,159061,2549],{},[20,159063,159064],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[64,159066,159068],{"className":66,"code":159067,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"type(object)\n",[15,159069,159070],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159071,159072,159074,159076,159078],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159073,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159075,106],{"class":105},[73,159077,41773],{"class":1270},[73,159079,854],{"class":105},[20,159081,159082,159083,159085],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159084,592],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[59,159087,3195],{"id":3194},[64,159089,159091],{"className":66,"code":159090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159092,159093,159105,159119,159123,159131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159094,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159096,80],{"class":79},[73,159098,84],{"class":83},[73,159100,88],{"class":87},[73,159102,4594],{"class":91},[73,159104,95],{"class":87},[73,159106,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159108,102],{"class":101},[73,159110,106],{"class":105},[73,159112,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159114,106],{"class":105},[73,159116,115],{"class":114},[73,159118,118],{"class":105},[73,159120,159121],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159122,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159124,159125,159127,159129],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159126,1806],{"class":79},[73,159128,84],{"class":83},[73,159130,316],{"class":315},[73,159132,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,159134,102],{"class":101},[73,159136,106],{"class":105},[73,159138,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159140,106],{"class":105},[73,159142,1829],{"class":114},[73,159144,118],{"class":105},[20,159146,1660],{},[64,159148,159149],{"className":66,"code":124456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159150,159151,159165],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159152,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159154,2879],{"class":83},[73,159156,2882],{"class":633},[73,159158,152],{"class":87},[73,159160,3031],{"class":91},[73,159162,141],{"class":87},[73,159164,2891],{"class":83},[73,159166,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159168,2879],{"class":83},[73,159170,2882],{"class":633},[73,159172,152],{"class":87},[73,159174,1778],{"class":91},[73,159176,141],{"class":87},[73,159178,2891],{"class":83},[20,159180,121,159181,159184,159185,355,159188,817],{},[15,159182,159183],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159186,159187],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159189,159190],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[59,159192,12593,159194,159196],{"id":159193},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159195,592],{}," function does",[20,159198,159199,159201],{},[15,159200,592],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159203,159204],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159206,159207,159212,159217,159222,159227,159232],{},[33,159208,159209,159211],{},[15,159210,3031],{}," for text",[33,159213,159214,159216],{},[15,159215,1778],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159218,159219,159221],{},[15,159220,1781],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159223,159224,159226],{},[15,159225,7684],{}," for lists",[33,159228,159229,159231],{},[15,159230,8412],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159233,159234,68477,159236,355,159238],{},[15,159235,3454],{},[15,159237,3190],{},[15,159239,3260],{},[20,159241,159242,159243,159245],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159244,592],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[59,159247,285],{"id":284},[20,159249,159250],{},"The main beginner form is:",[64,159252,159253],{"className":66,"code":159067,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159254,159255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159256,159257,159259,159261,159263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159258,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159260,106],{"class":105},[73,159262,41773],{"class":1270},[73,159264,854],{"class":105},[20,159266,159267],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159269,714],{},[64,159271,159273],{"className":66,"code":159272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159274,159275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159276,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289,159291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159278,102],{"class":101},[73,159280,106],{"class":105},[73,159282,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159284,106],{"class":105},[73,159286,384],{"class":87},[73,159288,92],{"class":91},[73,159290,384],{"class":87},[73,159292,118],{"class":105},[20,159294,1660],{},[64,159296,159297],{"className":66,"code":45146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159298,159299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159300,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159302,2879],{"class":83},[73,159304,2882],{"class":633},[73,159306,152],{"class":87},[73,159308,3031],{"class":91},[73,159310,141],{"class":87},[73,159312,2891],{"class":83},[20,159314,159315],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159317,159318,159325],{},[33,159319,159320,159321,2468,159323],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159322,63916],{},[15,159324,45902],{},[33,159326,159327,159328,2468,159330],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159329,115],{},[15,159331,8891],{},[59,159333,121268],{"id":121267},[20,159335,159336],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[64,159338,159340],{"className":66,"code":159339,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159341,159342,159360,159374,159388,159410,159436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159343,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159345,102],{"class":101},[73,159347,106],{"class":105},[73,159349,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159351,106],{"class":105},[73,159353,384],{"class":87},[73,159355,92],{"class":91},[73,159357,384],{"class":87},[73,159359,118],{"class":105},[73,159361,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159363,102],{"class":101},[73,159365,106],{"class":105},[73,159367,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159369,106],{"class":105},[73,159371,1920],{"class":315},[73,159373,118],{"class":105},[73,159375,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384,159386],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159377,102],{"class":101},[73,159379,106],{"class":105},[73,159381,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159383,106],{"class":105},[73,159385,39516],{"class":315},[73,159387,118],{"class":105},[73,159389,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402,159404,159406,159408],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159391,102],{"class":101},[73,159393,106],{"class":105},[73,159395,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159397,401],{"class":105},[73,159399,404],{"class":315},[73,159401,149],{"class":105},[73,159403,409],{"class":315},[73,159405,149],{"class":105},[73,159407,414],{"class":315},[73,159409,417],{"class":105},[73,159411,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,159413,102],{"class":101},[73,159415,106],{"class":105},[73,159417,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159419,5116],{"class":105},[73,159421,384],{"class":87},[73,159423,115],{"class":91},[73,159425,384],{"class":87},[73,159427,2475],{"class":105},[73,159429,88],{"class":87},[73,159431,4594],{"class":91},[73,159433,384],{"class":87},[73,159435,5125],{"class":105},[73,159437,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,159439,102],{"class":101},[73,159441,106],{"class":105},[73,159443,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159445,106],{"class":105},[73,159447,3190],{"class":3438},[73,159449,118],{"class":105},[20,159451,1660],{},[64,159453,159455],{"className":66,"code":159454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159456,159457,159471,159485,159499,159513,159527],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159458,159459,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159460,2879],{"class":83},[73,159462,2882],{"class":633},[73,159464,152],{"class":87},[73,159466,3031],{"class":91},[73,159468,141],{"class":87},[73,159470,2891],{"class":83},[73,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159474,2879],{"class":83},[73,159476,2882],{"class":633},[73,159478,152],{"class":87},[73,159480,1778],{"class":91},[73,159482,141],{"class":87},[73,159484,2891],{"class":83},[73,159486,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495,159497],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159488,2879],{"class":83},[73,159490,2882],{"class":633},[73,159492,152],{"class":87},[73,159494,1781],{"class":91},[73,159496,141],{"class":87},[73,159498,2891],{"class":83},[73,159500,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159502,2879],{"class":83},[73,159504,2882],{"class":633},[73,159506,152],{"class":87},[73,159508,7684],{"class":91},[73,159510,141],{"class":87},[73,159512,2891],{"class":83},[73,159514,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,159516,2879],{"class":83},[73,159518,2882],{"class":633},[73,159520,152],{"class":87},[73,159522,8412],{"class":91},[73,159524,141],{"class":87},[73,159526,2891],{"class":83},[73,159528,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,159530,2879],{"class":83},[73,159532,2882],{"class":633},[73,159534,152],{"class":87},[73,159536,3454],{"class":91},[73,159538,141],{"class":87},[73,159540,2891],{"class":83},[20,159542,159543],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159545,159546,159547,817],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[587,159548,44173],{"href":48355},[59,159550,438,159552,159554],{"id":159551},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159553,592],{}," with variables",[20,159556,159557],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159559,159560],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[64,159562,159564],{"className":66,"code":159563,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159565,159566,159574,159592,159596,159608,159626,159630,159642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159567,159568,159570,159572],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159569,2037],{"class":79},[73,159571,84],{"class":83},[73,159573,316],{"class":315},[73,159575,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159577,102],{"class":101},[73,159579,106],{"class":105},[73,159581,2063],{"class":114},[73,159583,149],{"class":105},[73,159585,48767],{"class":1270},[73,159587,106],{"class":105},[73,159589,2063],{"class":114},[73,159591,118],{"class":105},[73,159593,159594],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159595,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159597,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159599,2037],{"class":79},[73,159601,84],{"class":83},[73,159603,88],{"class":87},[73,159605,45283],{"class":91},[73,159607,95],{"class":87},[73,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,159611,102],{"class":101},[73,159613,106],{"class":105},[73,159615,2063],{"class":114},[73,159617,149],{"class":105},[73,159619,48767],{"class":1270},[73,159621,106],{"class":105},[73,159623,2063],{"class":114},[73,159625,118],{"class":105},[73,159627,159628],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,159629,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159631,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,159633,2037],{"class":79},[73,159635,84],{"class":83},[73,159637,528],{"class":105},[73,159639,1920],{"class":315},[73,159641,229],{"class":105},[73,159643,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658],{"class":75,"line":6015},[73,159645,102],{"class":101},[73,159647,106],{"class":105},[73,159649,2063],{"class":114},[73,159651,149],{"class":105},[73,159653,48767],{"class":1270},[73,159655,106],{"class":105},[73,159657,2063],{"class":114},[73,159659,118],{"class":105},[20,159661,1660],{},[64,159663,159665],{"className":66,"code":159664,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159666,159667,159684,159701],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159668,159669,159671,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159670,1920],{"class":315},[73,159672,159673],{"class":83}," \u003C",[73,159675,2882],{"class":633},[73,159677,152],{"class":87},[73,159679,1778],{"class":91},[73,159681,141],{"class":87},[73,159683,2891],{"class":83},[73,159685,159686,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159687,159688],{"class":79},"ten ",[73,159690,2879],{"class":83},[73,159692,2882],{"class":633},[73,159694,152],{"class":87},[73,159696,3031],{"class":91},[73,159698,141],{"class":87},[73,159700,2891],{"class":83},[73,159702,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159704,138],{"class":105},[73,159706,1920],{"class":315},[73,159708,12871],{"class":105},[73,159710,159673],{"class":83},[73,159712,2882],{"class":633},[73,159714,152],{"class":87},[73,159716,7684],{"class":91},[73,159718,141],{"class":87},[73,159720,2891],{"class":83},[20,159722,159723,159725],{},[15,159724,592],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159727,159728],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[64,159730,159732],{"className":66,"code":159731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159733,159734,159752,159766,159770,159784],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159735,159736,159738,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159737,2979],{"class":79},[73,159739,84],{"class":83},[73,159741,7833],{"class":101},[73,159743,106],{"class":105},[73,159745,384],{"class":87},[73,159747,41245],{"class":91},[73,159749,384],{"class":87},[73,159751,854],{"class":105},[73,159753,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159755,102],{"class":101},[73,159757,106],{"class":105},[73,159759,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159761,106],{"class":105},[73,159763,3005],{"class":114},[73,159765,118],{"class":105},[73,159767,159768],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159769,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159771,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159773,122380],{"class":79},[73,159775,84],{"class":83},[73,159777,44652],{"class":1270},[73,159779,106],{"class":105},[73,159781,3005],{"class":114},[73,159783,854],{"class":105},[73,159785,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,159787,102],{"class":101},[73,159789,106],{"class":105},[73,159791,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159793,106],{"class":105},[73,159795,122403],{"class":114},[73,159797,118],{"class":105},[20,159799,40494,159800,40498],{},[15,159801,8785],{},[64,159803,159804],{"className":66,"code":124456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159805,159806,159820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159807,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159809,2879],{"class":83},[73,159811,2882],{"class":633},[73,159813,152],{"class":87},[73,159815,3031],{"class":91},[73,159817,141],{"class":87},[73,159819,2891],{"class":83},[73,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159823,2879],{"class":83},[73,159825,2882],{"class":633},[73,159827,152],{"class":87},[73,159829,1778],{"class":91},[73,159831,141],{"class":87},[73,159833,2891],{"class":83},[20,159835,45079,159836,159840,159841,2468,159845,159849],{},[587,159837,159838],{"href":7810},[15,159839,2549],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[587,159842,159843],{"href":2464},[15,159844,2467],{},[587,159846,159847],{"href":2471},[15,159848,2474],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159851,159852,159853,817],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[587,159854,8572],{"href":8571},[59,159856,159858,1011,159860],{"id":159857},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159859,592],{},[15,159861,44181],{},[20,159863,159864,355,159866,159868],{},[15,159865,592],{},[15,159867,44181],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,159870,159871,159876],{},[33,159872,159873,159875],{},[15,159874,592],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,159877,159878,159880],{},[15,159879,44181],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159882,714],{},[64,159884,159886],{"className":66,"code":159885,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159887,159888,159896,159900,159914],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159889,159890,159892,159894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159891,2037],{"class":79},[73,159893,84],{"class":83},[73,159895,624],{"class":315},[73,159897,159898],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159899,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159901,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159903,102],{"class":101},[73,159905,106],{"class":105},[73,159907,1271],{"class":1270},[73,159909,106],{"class":105},[73,159911,2063],{"class":114},[73,159913,118],{"class":105},[73,159915,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159917,102],{"class":101},[73,159919,106],{"class":105},[73,159921,48252],{"class":101},[73,159923,106],{"class":105},[73,159925,2063],{"class":114},[73,159927,149],{"class":105},[73,159929,44652],{"class":1270},[73,159931,118],{"class":105},[20,159933,1660],{},[64,159935,159937],{"className":66,"code":159936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159938,159939,159953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159940,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159942,2879],{"class":83},[73,159944,2882],{"class":633},[73,159946,152],{"class":87},[73,159948,1778],{"class":91},[73,159950,141],{"class":87},[73,159952,2891],{"class":83},[73,159954,159955],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159956,3566],{"class":3438},[20,159958,159959,159960,159962],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159961,44181],{}," is more practical.",[64,159964,159966],{"className":66,"code":159965,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159967,159968,159976,159980,159996],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159969,159970,159972,159974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159971,2037],{"class":79},[73,159973,84],{"class":83},[73,159975,624],{"class":315},[73,159977,159978],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,159979,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,159981,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,159983,6588],{"class":646},[73,159985,48990],{"class":101},[73,159987,106],{"class":105},[73,159989,2063],{"class":114},[73,159991,149],{"class":105},[73,159993,44652],{"class":1270},[73,159995,7933],{"class":105},[73,159997,159998,160000,160002,160004,160007,160009],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,159999,7659],{"class":101},[73,160001,106],{"class":105},[73,160003,384],{"class":87},[73,160005,160006],{"class":91},"This is an integer",[73,160008,384],{"class":87},[73,160010,854],{"class":105},[20,160012,121,160013,160015],{},[15,160014,592],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160017,121,160018,160020,160021,6763],{},[15,160019,44181],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160022,6588],{},[20,160024,160025,160026,817],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[587,160027,13,160029,1470],{"href":160028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160030,44181],{},[59,160032,160034,160035],{"id":160033},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160036,592],{},[20,160038,160039],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[64,160041,160043],{"className":66,"code":160042,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160044,160045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160046,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160058,160060,160062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160048,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160050,106],{"class":105},[73,160052,115],{"class":114},[73,160054,149],{"class":105},[73,160056,160057],{"class":114}," bases",[73,160059,149],{"class":105},[73,160061,8762],{"class":1270},[73,160063,854],{"class":105},[20,160065,160066],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160068,714],{},[64,160070,160072],{"className":66,"code":160071,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160073,160074,160117,160121,160131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160075,160076,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087,160090,160092,160094,160097,160099,160101,160104,160106,160108,160110,160113,160115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160077,160078],{"class":79},"Person ",[73,160080,84],{"class":83},[73,160082,48767],{"class":1270},[73,160084,106],{"class":105},[73,160086,384],{"class":87},[73,160088,160089],{"class":91},"Person",[73,160091,384],{"class":87},[73,160093,149],{"class":105},[73,160095,160096],{"class":105}," (),",[73,160098,10083],{"class":105},[73,160100,384],{"class":87},[73,160102,160103],{"class":91},"species",[73,160105,384],{"class":87},[73,160107,2475],{"class":105},[73,160109,88],{"class":87},[73,160111,160112],{"class":91},"human",[73,160114,384],{"class":87},[73,160116,30094],{"class":105},[73,160118,160119],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160120,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,160122,160123,160125,160127,160129],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160124,102],{"class":101},[73,160126,106],{"class":105},[73,160128,160089],{"class":114},[73,160130,854],{"class":105},[73,160132,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160134,102],{"class":101},[73,160136,106],{"class":105},[73,160138,160089],{"class":114},[73,160140,817],{"class":105},[73,160142,160103],{"class":851},[73,160144,854],{"class":105},[20,160146,1660],{},[64,160148,160150],{"className":66,"code":160149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160151,160152,160167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160153,160154,160156,160158,160160,160163,160165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160155,2879],{"class":83},[73,160157,2882],{"class":633},[73,160159,152],{"class":87},[73,160161,160162],{"class":91},"__main__.Person",[73,160164,141],{"class":87},[73,160166,2891],{"class":83},[73,160168,160169],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160170,160171],{"class":79},"human\n",[20,160173,160174,160175,160177],{},"Most beginners do ",[55,160176,806],{}," need this form.",[20,160179,160180],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[59,160182,4551,160184],{"id":160183},"when-to-use-type",[15,160185,592],{},[20,160187,160188,12040],{},[15,160189,592],{},[30,160191,160192,160195,160198,160201],{},[33,160193,160194],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160196,160197],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160199,160200],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160202,160203],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160205,820],{},[64,160207,160209],{"className":66,"code":160208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160210,160211,160223,160237,160241,160255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160212,160213,160215,160217,160219,160221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160214,461],{"class":79},[73,160216,84],{"class":83},[73,160218,88],{"class":87},[73,160220,49623],{"class":91},[73,160222,95],{"class":87},[73,160224,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160226,1806],{"class":79},[73,160228,84],{"class":83},[73,160230,44652],{"class":1270},[73,160232,106],{"class":105},[73,160234,482],{"class":114},[73,160236,854],{"class":105},[73,160238,160239],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160240,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,160242,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160244,102],{"class":101},[73,160246,106],{"class":105},[73,160248,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160250,106],{"class":105},[73,160252,482],{"class":114},[73,160254,118],{"class":105},[73,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,160258,102],{"class":101},[73,160260,106],{"class":105},[73,160262,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160264,106],{"class":105},[73,160266,1829],{"class":114},[73,160268,118],{"class":105},[20,160270,1660],{},[64,160272,160273],{"className":66,"code":124456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160274,160275,160289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160276,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160278,2879],{"class":83},[73,160280,2882],{"class":633},[73,160282,152],{"class":87},[73,160284,3031],{"class":91},[73,160286,141],{"class":87},[73,160288,2891],{"class":83},[73,160290,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160292,2879],{"class":83},[73,160294,2882],{"class":633},[73,160296,152],{"class":87},[73,160298,1778],{"class":91},[73,160300,141],{"class":87},[73,160302,2891],{"class":83},[20,160304,160305],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160307,160308,160309,995,160313,1002,160317,160321],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[587,160310,160311],{"href":41549},[15,160312,47060],{},[587,160314,160315],{"href":2464},[15,160316,2467],{},[587,160318,160319],{"href":2471},[15,160320,2474],{}," are often the next step.",[59,160323,1112],{"id":1111},[20,160325,160326,160327,160329],{},"A few things about ",[15,160328,592],{}," often confuse beginners.",[292,160331,160333,160336],{"id":160332},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160334,160335],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160338,64025],{},[64,160340,160342],{"className":66,"code":160341,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160343,160344],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160345,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160347,102],{"class":101},[73,160349,106],{"class":105},[73,160351,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160353,106],{"class":105},[73,160355,1727],{"class":315},[73,160357,118],{"class":105},[20,160359,122299],{},[64,160361,160362],{"className":66,"code":155811,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160363,160364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160367,2879],{"class":83},[73,160369,2882],{"class":633},[73,160371,152],{"class":87},[73,160373,1778],{"class":91},[73,160375,141],{"class":87},[73,160377,2891],{"class":83},[20,160379,40279,160380,160382,160383,817],{},[55,160381,806],{}," print just ",[15,160384,1778],{},[20,160386,6267,160387,160389],{},[15,160388,592],{}," returns a class object.",[292,160391,160393,1987,160395],{"id":160392},"input-returns-str",[15,160394,2549],{},[15,160396,3031],{},[20,160398,78924],{},[64,160400,160402],{"className":66,"code":160401,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160403,160404,160422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160405,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160407,2037],{"class":79},[73,160409,84],{"class":83},[73,160411,7833],{"class":101},[73,160413,106],{"class":105},[73,160415,384],{"class":87},[73,160417,45686],{"class":91},[73,160419,384],{"class":87},[73,160421,854],{"class":105},[73,160423,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160425,102],{"class":101},[73,160427,106],{"class":105},[73,160429,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160431,106],{"class":105},[73,160433,2063],{"class":114},[73,160435,118],{"class":105},[20,160437,160438],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160440,160441,160442,2468,160444,817],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160443,2467],{},[15,160445,2474],{},[292,160447,160449],{"id":160448},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160451,160452],{},"Avoid code like this:",[64,160454,160456],{"className":66,"code":160455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160457,160458,160466,160470,160496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160459,160460,160462,160464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160461,2037],{"class":79},[73,160463,84],{"class":83},[73,160465,624],{"class":315},[73,160467,160468],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160469,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,160471,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490,160492,160494],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160473,6588],{"class":646},[73,160475,48281],{"class":1270},[73,160477,106],{"class":105},[73,160479,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160481,106],{"class":105},[73,160483,2063],{"class":114},[73,160485,4948],{"class":105},[73,160487,5997],{"class":83},[73,160489,88],{"class":87},[73,160491,159190],{"class":91},[73,160493,384],{"class":87},[73,160495,5982],{"class":105},[73,160497,160498,160500,160502,160504,160507,160509],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160499,7659],{"class":101},[73,160501,106],{"class":105},[73,160503,384],{"class":87},[73,160505,160506],{"class":91},"It is an int",[73,160508,384],{"class":87},[73,160510,854],{"class":105},[20,160512,160513],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160515,160516],{},"Better options:",[64,160518,160520],{"className":66,"code":160519,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160521,160522,160530,160534,160554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160523,160524,160526,160528],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160525,2037],{"class":79},[73,160527,84],{"class":83},[73,160529,624],{"class":315},[73,160531,160532],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160533,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,160535,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160537,102],{"class":101},[73,160539,106],{"class":105},[73,160541,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160543,106],{"class":105},[73,160545,2063],{"class":114},[73,160547,3246],{"class":105},[73,160549,5997],{"class":83},[73,160551,44652],{"class":1270},[73,160553,854],{"class":105},[73,160555,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160557,102],{"class":101},[73,160559,106],{"class":105},[73,160561,48252],{"class":101},[73,160563,106],{"class":105},[73,160565,2063],{"class":114},[73,160567,149],{"class":105},[73,160569,44652],{"class":1270},[73,160571,118],{"class":105},[20,160573,1660],{},[64,160575,160576],{"className":66,"code":4093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160577,160578,160582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160579,160580],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160581,3566],{"class":3438},[73,160583,160584],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160585,3566],{"class":3438},[20,160587,160588,160589,160591],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160590,44181],{}," is the more useful check.",[59,160593,1207],{"id":1206},[20,160595,14331,160596,2475],{},[15,160597,592],{},[30,160599,160600,160610,160619,160628],{},[33,160601,438,160602,160604,160605,160609],{},[15,160603,592],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[587,160606,160607],{"href":7810},[15,160608,2549],{}," always returns a string",[33,160611,8044,160612,160614,160615,10685,160617],{},[15,160613,592],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160616,1778],{},[15,160618,159190],{},[33,160620,438,160621,44005,160624,160627],{},[15,160622,160623],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160625,160626],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160629,160630],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160632,160633,160634,817],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[587,160635,160637],{"href":160636},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160639,143965],{},[64,160641,160643],{"className":66,"code":160642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160644,160645,160659,160669,160683,160693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160646,160647,160649,160651,160653,160655,160657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160648,102],{"class":101},[73,160650,106],{"class":105},[73,160652,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160654,106],{"class":105},[73,160656,2063],{"class":114},[73,160658,118],{"class":105},[73,160660,160661,160663,160665,160667],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160662,102],{"class":101},[73,160664,106],{"class":105},[73,160666,2063],{"class":114},[73,160668,854],{"class":105},[73,160670,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160672,102],{"class":101},[73,160674,106],{"class":105},[73,160676,41153],{"class":101},[73,160678,106],{"class":105},[73,160680,2063],{"class":114},[73,160682,118],{"class":105},[73,160684,160685,160687,160689,160691],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160686,842],{"class":101},[73,160688,106],{"class":105},[73,160690,1271],{"class":1270},[73,160692,854],{"class":105},[73,160694,160695,160697,160699,160701],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,160696,109],{"class":101},[73,160698,106],{"class":105},[73,160700,2063],{"class":114},[73,160702,854],{"class":105},[20,160704,160705],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[59,160707,1405],{"id":1404},[292,160709,1409,160711,1412],{"id":160710},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160712,592],{},[20,160714,160715,160716,995,160718,995,160720,1782,160722,160724,160725,817],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160717,3031],{},[15,160719,1778],{},[15,160721,7684],{},[15,160723,8412],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160726,159187],{},[292,160728,14501,160730,56585,160732,1424],{"id":160729},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160731,592],{},[15,160733,44181],{},[20,160735,45741,160736,160738,160739,160741],{},[15,160737,592],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160740,44181],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[292,160743,4747,160745,160748,160749,1424],{"id":160744},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160746,160747],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160750,3031],{},[20,160752,28658,160753,160755,160756,2468,160758,159849],{},[15,160754,2549],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160757,2467],{},[15,160759,2474],{},[292,160761,1446,160763,160765],{"id":160762},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160764,592],{}," create classes?",[20,160767,160768,160769,817],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160770,160771],{},"type(object)",[59,160773,1461],{"id":1460},[30,160775,160776,160780,160786,160792,160796,160802,160808],{},[33,160777,160778],{},[587,160779,44173],{"href":48355},[33,160781,160782],{},[587,160783,13,160784,1470],{"href":160028},[15,160785,44181],{},[33,160787,160788],{},[587,160789,13,160790,1470],{"href":7810},[15,160791,2549],{},[33,160793,160794],{},[587,160795,8649],{"href":8571},[33,160797,160798],{},[587,160799,13,160800,1470],{"href":2464},[15,160801,2467],{},[33,160803,160804],{},[587,160805,13,160806,1470],{"href":2471},[15,160807,2474],{},[33,160809,160810],{},[587,160811,13,160812,1470],{"href":41549},[15,160813,47060],{},[1500,160815,160816],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":160818},[160819,160820,160822,160823,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832,160839,160840,160850],{"id":3194,"depth":98,"text":3195},{"id":159193,"depth":98,"text":160821},"What the type() function does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":121267,"depth":98,"text":121268},{"id":159551,"depth":98,"text":160825},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159857,"depth":98,"text":160827},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160033,"depth":98,"text":160829},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160183,"depth":98,"text":160831},"When to use type()",{"id":1111,"depth":98,"text":1112,"children":160833},[160834,160836,160838],{"id":160332,"depth":332,"text":160835},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160392,"depth":332,"text":160837},"input() returns str",{"id":160448,"depth":332,"text":160449},{"id":1206,"depth":98,"text":1207},{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":160841},[160842,160844,160846,160848],{"id":160710,"depth":332,"text":160843},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160729,"depth":332,"text":160845},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160744,"depth":332,"text":160847},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160762,"depth":332,"text":160849},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159027,"description":160851},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160857,"title":160858,"body":160859,"description":163338,"extension":1552,"meta":163339,"navigation":335,"path":163340,"seo":163341,"stem":163342,"__hash__":163343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160860,"toc":163295},[160861,160866,160871,160880,160882,160982,160984,161009,161014,161019,161035,161038,161040,161042,161067,161070,161073,161156,161158,161207,161210,161332,161334,161407,161411,161414,161528,161530,161556,161558,161579,161584,161588,161593,161596,161700,161702,161719,161728,161731,161818,161820,161831,161836,161842,161847,161853,161856,161949,161951,162000,162006,162009,162110,162112,162165,162170,162174,162177,162276,162278,162317,162320,162325,162327,162332,162336,162449,162453,162550,162554,162642,162644,162661,162665,162788,162794,162800,162806,162811,162814,162841,162845,162847,162941,162944,162948,162951,163038,163041,163076,163078,163115,163118,163126,163131,163136,163210,163217,163219,163224,163227,163233,163236,163242,163247,163253,163258,163262,163265,163267,163292],[10,160862,13,160864,18],{"id":160863},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160865,63701],{},[20,160867,160868,160870],{},[15,160869,63701],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160872,160873,160874,160876,160877,160879],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160875,63701],{}," inside a ",[15,160878,5545],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[59,160881,62],{"id":61},[64,160883,160885],{"className":66,"code":160884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160886,160887,160919,160939,160943,160968],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160901,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160890,4585],{"class":79},[73,160892,84],{"class":83},[73,160894,528],{"class":105},[73,160896,384],{"class":87},[73,160898,12477],{"class":91},[73,160900,384],{"class":87},[73,160902,149],{"class":105},[73,160904,88],{"class":87},[73,160906,35310],{"class":91},[73,160908,384],{"class":87},[73,160910,149],{"class":105},[73,160912,88],{"class":87},[73,160914,35319],{"class":91},[73,160916,384],{"class":87},[73,160918,229],{"class":105},[73,160920,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935,160937],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160922,4654],{"class":79},[73,160924,84],{"class":83},[73,160926,528],{"class":105},[73,160928,13100],{"class":315},[73,160930,149],{"class":105},[73,160932,13105],{"class":315},[73,160934,149],{"class":105},[73,160936,28517],{"class":315},[73,160938,229],{"class":105},[73,160940,160941],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,160942,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,160944,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,160946,5545],{"class":646},[73,160948,35361],{"class":79},[73,160950,149],{"class":105},[73,160952,4696],{"class":79},[73,160954,3469],{"class":646},[73,160956,160957],{"class":101}," zip",[73,160959,106],{"class":105},[73,160961,4629],{"class":114},[73,160963,149],{"class":105},[73,160965,4701],{"class":114},[73,160967,7933],{"class":105},[73,160969,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,160971,7659],{"class":101},[73,160973,106],{"class":105},[73,160975,115],{"class":114},[73,160977,149],{"class":105},[73,160979,130245],{"class":114},[73,160981,854],{"class":105},[20,160983,1660],{},[64,160985,160987],{"className":66,"code":160986,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160988,160989,160995,161002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160990,160991,160993],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160992,133264],{"class":79},[73,160994,32733],{"class":315},[73,160996,160997,161000],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,160998,160999],{"class":79},"Ben ",[73,161001,32738],{"class":315},[73,161003,161004,161007],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161005,161006],{"class":79},"Cara ",[73,161008,32743],{"class":315},[20,161010,121,161011,161013],{},[15,161012,63701],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[59,161015,236,161017,239],{"id":161016},"what-zip-does",[15,161018,63701],{},[30,161020,161021,161026,161029,161032],{},[33,161022,161023,161025],{},[15,161024,63701],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161027,161028],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161030,161031],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161033,161034],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161036,161037],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[59,161039,285],{"id":284},[20,161041,6808],{},[64,161043,161045],{"className":66,"code":161044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161046,161047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161048,161049,161051,161053,161056,161058,161061,161063,161065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161050,63771],{"class":101},[73,161052,106],{"class":105},[73,161054,161055],{"class":114},"iterable1",[73,161057,149],{"class":105},[73,161059,161060],{"class":114}," iterable2",[73,161062,149],{"class":105},[73,161064,199],{"class":101},[73,161066,854],{"class":105},[20,161068,161069],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161071,161072],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[64,161074,161076],{"className":66,"code":161075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161077,161078,161098,161130,161134],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161079,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161081,523],{"class":79},[73,161083,84],{"class":83},[73,161085,528],{"class":105},[73,161087,404],{"class":315},[73,161089,149],{"class":105},[73,161091,409],{"class":315},[73,161093,149],{"class":105},[73,161095,414],{"class":315},[73,161097,229],{"class":105},[73,161099,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161101,35460],{"class":79},[73,161103,84],{"class":83},[73,161105,528],{"class":105},[73,161107,384],{"class":87},[73,161109,587],{"class":91},[73,161111,384],{"class":87},[73,161113,149],{"class":105},[73,161115,88],{"class":87},[73,161117,4350],{"class":91},[73,161119,384],{"class":87},[73,161121,149],{"class":105},[73,161123,88],{"class":87},[73,161125,9332],{"class":91},[73,161127,384],{"class":87},[73,161129,229],{"class":105},[73,161131,161132],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161133,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161135,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161137,102],{"class":101},[73,161139,106],{"class":105},[73,161141,7684],{"class":1270},[73,161143,106],{"class":105},[73,161145,63771],{"class":101},[73,161147,106],{"class":105},[73,161149,553],{"class":114},[73,161151,149],{"class":105},[73,161153,69478],{"class":114},[73,161155,2503],{"class":105},[20,161157,1660],{},[64,161159,161161],{"className":66,"code":161160,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161162,161163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161164,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161166,21339],{"class":105},[73,161168,404],{"class":315},[73,161170,149],{"class":105},[73,161172,152],{"class":87},[73,161174,587],{"class":91},[73,161176,141],{"class":87},[73,161178,8825],{"class":105},[73,161180,8828],{"class":105},[73,161182,1646],{"class":315},[73,161184,149],{"class":105},[73,161186,152],{"class":87},[73,161188,4350],{"class":91},[73,161190,141],{"class":87},[73,161192,8825],{"class":105},[73,161194,8828],{"class":105},[73,161196,1652],{"class":315},[73,161198,149],{"class":105},[73,161200,152],{"class":87},[73,161202,9332],{"class":91},[73,161204,141],{"class":87},[73,161206,8841],{"class":105},[20,161208,161209],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[64,161211,161213],{"className":66,"code":161212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161214,161215,161247,161267,161301,161305],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161216,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161218,4585],{"class":79},[73,161220,84],{"class":83},[73,161222,528],{"class":105},[73,161224,384],{"class":87},[73,161226,12477],{"class":91},[73,161228,384],{"class":87},[73,161230,149],{"class":105},[73,161232,88],{"class":87},[73,161234,35310],{"class":91},[73,161236,384],{"class":87},[73,161238,149],{"class":105},[73,161240,88],{"class":87},[73,161242,35319],{"class":91},[73,161244,384],{"class":87},[73,161246,229],{"class":105},[73,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161250,4654],{"class":79},[73,161252,84],{"class":83},[73,161254,528],{"class":105},[73,161256,13100],{"class":315},[73,161258,149],{"class":105},[73,161260,13105],{"class":315},[73,161262,149],{"class":105},[73,161264,28517],{"class":315},[73,161266,229],{"class":105},[73,161268,161269,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161297,161299],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161270,161271],{"class":79},"grades ",[73,161273,84],{"class":83},[73,161275,528],{"class":105},[73,161277,384],{"class":87},[73,161279,21844],{"class":91},[73,161281,384],{"class":87},[73,161283,149],{"class":105},[73,161285,88],{"class":87},[73,161287,30198],{"class":91},[73,161289,384],{"class":87},[73,161291,149],{"class":105},[73,161293,88],{"class":87},[73,161295,161296],{"class":91},"B+",[73,161298,384],{"class":87},[73,161300,229],{"class":105},[73,161302,161303],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161304,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161306,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161330],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,161308,102],{"class":101},[73,161310,106],{"class":105},[73,161312,7684],{"class":1270},[73,161314,106],{"class":105},[73,161316,63771],{"class":101},[73,161318,106],{"class":105},[73,161320,4629],{"class":114},[73,161322,149],{"class":105},[73,161324,4701],{"class":114},[73,161326,149],{"class":105},[73,161328,161329],{"class":114}," grades",[73,161331,2503],{"class":105},[20,161333,1660],{},[64,161335,161337],{"className":66,"code":161336,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161338,161339],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161340,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161342,21339],{"class":105},[73,161344,141],{"class":87},[73,161346,12477],{"class":91},[73,161348,141],{"class":87},[73,161350,149],{"class":105},[73,161352,19497],{"class":315},[73,161354,149],{"class":105},[73,161356,152],{"class":87},[73,161358,21844],{"class":91},[73,161360,141],{"class":87},[73,161362,8825],{"class":105},[73,161364,8828],{"class":105},[73,161366,141],{"class":87},[73,161368,35310],{"class":91},[73,161370,141],{"class":87},[73,161372,149],{"class":105},[73,161374,13105],{"class":315},[73,161376,149],{"class":105},[73,161378,152],{"class":87},[73,161380,30198],{"class":91},[73,161382,141],{"class":87},[73,161384,8825],{"class":105},[73,161386,8828],{"class":105},[73,161388,141],{"class":87},[73,161390,35319],{"class":91},[73,161392,141],{"class":87},[73,161394,149],{"class":105},[73,161396,28517],{"class":315},[73,161398,149],{"class":105},[73,161400,152],{"class":87},[73,161402,161296],{"class":91},[73,161404,141],{"class":87},[73,161406,8841],{"class":105},[59,161408,161410],{"id":161409},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161412,161413],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[64,161415,161417],{"className":66,"code":161416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161418,161419,161451,161471,161475,161499],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161420,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161422,4585],{"class":79},[73,161424,84],{"class":83},[73,161426,528],{"class":105},[73,161428,384],{"class":87},[73,161430,12477],{"class":91},[73,161432,384],{"class":87},[73,161434,149],{"class":105},[73,161436,88],{"class":87},[73,161438,35310],{"class":91},[73,161440,384],{"class":87},[73,161442,149],{"class":105},[73,161444,88],{"class":87},[73,161446,35319],{"class":91},[73,161448,384],{"class":87},[73,161450,229],{"class":105},[73,161452,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161454,4654],{"class":79},[73,161456,84],{"class":83},[73,161458,528],{"class":105},[73,161460,13100],{"class":315},[73,161462,149],{"class":105},[73,161464,13105],{"class":315},[73,161466,149],{"class":105},[73,161468,28517],{"class":315},[73,161470,229],{"class":105},[73,161472,161473],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161474,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161476,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161478,5545],{"class":646},[73,161480,35361],{"class":79},[73,161482,149],{"class":105},[73,161484,4696],{"class":79},[73,161486,3469],{"class":646},[73,161488,160957],{"class":101},[73,161490,106],{"class":105},[73,161492,4629],{"class":114},[73,161494,149],{"class":105},[73,161496,4701],{"class":114},[73,161498,7933],{"class":105},[73,161500,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,161502,7659],{"class":101},[73,161504,106],{"class":105},[73,161506,21893],{"class":633},[73,161508,384],{"class":91},[73,161510,8870],{"class":315},[73,161512,115],{"class":114},[73,161514,21902],{"class":315},[73,161516,161517],{"class":91}," scored ",[73,161519,8870],{"class":315},[73,161521,84902],{"class":114},[73,161523,21902],{"class":315},[73,161525,384],{"class":91},[73,161527,854],{"class":105},[20,161529,1660],{},[64,161531,161533],{"className":66,"code":161532,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161534,161535,161542,161549],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161536,161537,161540],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161538,161539],{"class":79},"Ana scored ",[73,161541,32733],{"class":315},[73,161543,161544,161547],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161545,161546],{"class":79},"Ben scored ",[73,161548,32738],{"class":315},[73,161550,161551,161554],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161552,161553],{"class":79},"Cara scored ",[73,161555,32743],{"class":315},[20,161557,44306],{},[30,161559,161560,161569,161572],{},[33,161561,161562,161565,161566],{},[15,161563,161564],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161567,161568],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161570,161571],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161573,161574,355,161576,161578],{},[15,161575,115],{},[15,161577,84902],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161580,161581,161582,817],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[587,161583,68995],{"href":68994},[59,161585,161587],{"id":161586},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161589,161590,161592],{},[15,161591,63701],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161594,161595],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[64,161597,161599],{"className":66,"code":161598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161600,161601,161642,161658,161662,161686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161602,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161638,161640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161604,4585],{"class":79},[73,161606,84],{"class":83},[73,161608,528],{"class":105},[73,161610,384],{"class":87},[73,161612,12477],{"class":91},[73,161614,384],{"class":87},[73,161616,149],{"class":105},[73,161618,88],{"class":87},[73,161620,35310],{"class":91},[73,161622,384],{"class":87},[73,161624,149],{"class":105},[73,161626,88],{"class":87},[73,161628,35319],{"class":91},[73,161630,384],{"class":87},[73,161632,149],{"class":105},[73,161634,88],{"class":87},[73,161636,161637],{"class":91},"Dan",[73,161639,384],{"class":87},[73,161641,229],{"class":105},[73,161643,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161645,4654],{"class":79},[73,161647,84],{"class":83},[73,161649,528],{"class":105},[73,161651,13100],{"class":315},[73,161653,149],{"class":105},[73,161655,13105],{"class":315},[73,161657,229],{"class":105},[73,161659,161660],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161661,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161663,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161665,5545],{"class":646},[73,161667,35361],{"class":79},[73,161669,149],{"class":105},[73,161671,4696],{"class":79},[73,161673,3469],{"class":646},[73,161675,160957],{"class":101},[73,161677,106],{"class":105},[73,161679,4629],{"class":114},[73,161681,149],{"class":105},[73,161683,4701],{"class":114},[73,161685,7933],{"class":105},[73,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,161689,7659],{"class":101},[73,161691,106],{"class":105},[73,161693,115],{"class":114},[73,161695,149],{"class":105},[73,161697,130245],{"class":114},[73,161699,854],{"class":105},[20,161701,1660],{},[64,161703,161705],{"className":66,"code":161704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161706,161707,161713],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161708,161709,161711],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161710,133264],{"class":79},[73,161712,32733],{"class":315},[73,161714,161715,161717],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161716,160999],{"class":79},[73,161718,32738],{"class":315},[20,161720,1876,161721,355,161724,161727],{},[15,161722,161723],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161725,161726],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161729,161730],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[64,161732,161734],{"className":66,"code":161733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161735,161736,161776,161792,161796],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161737,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161739,4585],{"class":79},[73,161741,84],{"class":83},[73,161743,528],{"class":105},[73,161745,384],{"class":87},[73,161747,12477],{"class":91},[73,161749,384],{"class":87},[73,161751,149],{"class":105},[73,161753,88],{"class":87},[73,161755,35310],{"class":91},[73,161757,384],{"class":87},[73,161759,149],{"class":105},[73,161761,88],{"class":87},[73,161763,35319],{"class":91},[73,161765,384],{"class":87},[73,161767,149],{"class":105},[73,161769,88],{"class":87},[73,161771,161637],{"class":91},[73,161773,384],{"class":87},[73,161775,229],{"class":105},[73,161777,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161779,4654],{"class":79},[73,161781,84],{"class":83},[73,161783,528],{"class":105},[73,161785,13100],{"class":315},[73,161787,149],{"class":105},[73,161789,13105],{"class":315},[73,161791,229],{"class":105},[73,161793,161794],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161795,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161797,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161799,102],{"class":101},[73,161801,106],{"class":105},[73,161803,10755],{"class":101},[73,161805,106],{"class":105},[73,161807,4629],{"class":114},[73,161809,8825],{"class":105},[73,161811,37758],{"class":101},[73,161813,106],{"class":105},[73,161815,15987],{"class":114},[73,161817,118],{"class":105},[20,161819,1660],{},[64,161821,161823],{"className":66,"code":161822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4 2\n",[15,161824,161825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161826,161827,161829],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161828,2095],{"class":315},[73,161830,44965],{"class":315},[20,161832,161833,161834,817],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161835,63701],{},[59,161837,91493,161839,161841],{"id":161838},"converting-zip-output",[15,161840,63701],{}," output",[20,161843,28658,161844,161846],{},[15,161845,63701],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[292,161848,121,161850],{"id":161849},"use-listzip",[15,161851,161852],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161854,161855],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[64,161857,161859],{"className":66,"code":161858,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161860,161861,161893,161913,161917,161939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161862,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161864,4585],{"class":79},[73,161866,84],{"class":83},[73,161868,528],{"class":105},[73,161870,384],{"class":87},[73,161872,12477],{"class":91},[73,161874,384],{"class":87},[73,161876,149],{"class":105},[73,161878,88],{"class":87},[73,161880,35310],{"class":91},[73,161882,384],{"class":87},[73,161884,149],{"class":105},[73,161886,88],{"class":87},[73,161888,35319],{"class":91},[73,161890,384],{"class":87},[73,161892,229],{"class":105},[73,161894,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,161896,4654],{"class":79},[73,161898,84],{"class":83},[73,161900,528],{"class":105},[73,161902,13100],{"class":315},[73,161904,149],{"class":105},[73,161906,13105],{"class":315},[73,161908,149],{"class":105},[73,161910,28517],{"class":315},[73,161912,229],{"class":105},[73,161914,161915],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,161916,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,161918,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,161920,8807],{"class":79},[73,161922,84],{"class":83},[73,161924,22159],{"class":1270},[73,161926,106],{"class":105},[73,161928,63771],{"class":101},[73,161930,106],{"class":105},[73,161932,4629],{"class":114},[73,161934,149],{"class":105},[73,161936,4701],{"class":114},[73,161938,118],{"class":105},[73,161940,161941,161943,161945,161947],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,161942,102],{"class":101},[73,161944,106],{"class":105},[73,161946,8854],{"class":114},[73,161948,854],{"class":105},[20,161950,1660],{},[64,161952,161954],{"className":66,"code":161953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161955,161956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161957,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161959,21339],{"class":105},[73,161961,141],{"class":87},[73,161963,12477],{"class":91},[73,161965,141],{"class":87},[73,161967,149],{"class":105},[73,161969,19497],{"class":315},[73,161971,8825],{"class":105},[73,161973,8828],{"class":105},[73,161975,141],{"class":87},[73,161977,35310],{"class":91},[73,161979,141],{"class":87},[73,161981,149],{"class":105},[73,161983,13105],{"class":315},[73,161985,8825],{"class":105},[73,161987,8828],{"class":105},[73,161989,141],{"class":87},[73,161991,35319],{"class":91},[73,161993,141],{"class":87},[73,161995,149],{"class":105},[73,161997,28517],{"class":315},[73,161999,8841],{"class":105},[292,162001,121,162003],{"id":162002},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162004,162005],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162007,162008],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[64,162010,162012],{"className":66,"code":162011,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162013,162014,162046,162074,162078,162100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162015,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162017,16840],{"class":79},[73,162019,84],{"class":83},[73,162021,528],{"class":105},[73,162023,384],{"class":87},[73,162025,115],{"class":91},[73,162027,384],{"class":87},[73,162029,149],{"class":105},[73,162031,88],{"class":87},[73,162033,8891],{"class":91},[73,162035,384],{"class":87},[73,162037,149],{"class":105},[73,162039,88],{"class":87},[73,162041,10001],{"class":91},[73,162043,384],{"class":87},[73,162045,229],{"class":105},[73,162047,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162049,3409],{"class":79},[73,162051,84],{"class":83},[73,162053,528],{"class":105},[73,162055,384],{"class":87},[73,162057,12477],{"class":91},[73,162059,384],{"class":87},[73,162061,149],{"class":105},[73,162063,8898],{"class":315},[73,162065,149],{"class":105},[73,162067,88],{"class":87},[73,162069,15629],{"class":91},[73,162071,384],{"class":87},[73,162073,229],{"class":105},[73,162075,162076],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162077,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162079,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162081,12802],{"class":79},[73,162083,84],{"class":83},[73,162085,8762],{"class":1270},[73,162087,106],{"class":105},[73,162089,63771],{"class":101},[73,162091,106],{"class":105},[73,162093,16522],{"class":114},[73,162095,149],{"class":105},[73,162097,3472],{"class":114},[73,162099,118],{"class":105},[73,162101,162102,162104,162106,162108],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162103,102],{"class":101},[73,162105,106],{"class":105},[73,162107,16905],{"class":114},[73,162109,854],{"class":105},[20,162111,1660],{},[64,162113,162115],{"className":66,"code":162114,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162116,162117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162118,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162120,8870],{"class":105},[73,162122,141],{"class":87},[73,162124,115],{"class":91},[73,162126,141],{"class":87},[73,162128,2475],{"class":105},[73,162130,152],{"class":87},[73,162132,12477],{"class":91},[73,162134,141],{"class":87},[73,162136,149],{"class":105},[73,162138,152],{"class":87},[73,162140,8891],{"class":91},[73,162142,141],{"class":87},[73,162144,2475],{"class":105},[73,162146,8898],{"class":315},[73,162148,149],{"class":105},[73,162150,152],{"class":87},[73,162152,10001],{"class":91},[73,162154,141],{"class":87},[73,162156,2475],{"class":105},[73,162158,152],{"class":87},[73,162160,15629],{"class":91},[73,162162,141],{"class":87},[73,162164,8901],{"class":105},[20,162166,162167,162168,817],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[587,162169,30685],{"href":30684},[292,162171,162173],{"id":162172},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162175,162176],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[64,162178,162180],{"className":66,"code":162179,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162181,162182,162206,162222,162226,162244,162248,162262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162183,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162185,4585],{"class":79},[73,162187,84],{"class":83},[73,162189,528],{"class":105},[73,162191,384],{"class":87},[73,162193,12477],{"class":91},[73,162195,384],{"class":87},[73,162197,149],{"class":105},[73,162199,88],{"class":87},[73,162201,35310],{"class":91},[73,162203,384],{"class":87},[73,162205,229],{"class":105},[73,162207,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162209,4654],{"class":79},[73,162211,84],{"class":83},[73,162213,528],{"class":105},[73,162215,13100],{"class":315},[73,162217,149],{"class":105},[73,162219,13105],{"class":315},[73,162221,229],{"class":105},[73,162223,162224],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162225,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162227,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162229,8807],{"class":79},[73,162231,84],{"class":83},[73,162233,160957],{"class":101},[73,162235,106],{"class":105},[73,162237,4629],{"class":114},[73,162239,149],{"class":105},[73,162241,4701],{"class":114},[73,162243,854],{"class":105},[73,162245,162246],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162247,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162249,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,162251,102],{"class":101},[73,162253,106],{"class":105},[73,162255,7684],{"class":1270},[73,162257,106],{"class":105},[73,162259,8854],{"class":114},[73,162261,118],{"class":105},[73,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,162265,102],{"class":101},[73,162267,106],{"class":105},[73,162269,7684],{"class":1270},[73,162271,106],{"class":105},[73,162273,8854],{"class":114},[73,162275,118],{"class":105},[20,162277,1660],{},[64,162279,162281],{"className":66,"code":162280,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162282,162283,162313],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162284,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162286,21339],{"class":105},[73,162288,141],{"class":87},[73,162290,12477],{"class":91},[73,162292,141],{"class":87},[73,162294,149],{"class":105},[73,162296,19497],{"class":315},[73,162298,8825],{"class":105},[73,162300,8828],{"class":105},[73,162302,141],{"class":87},[73,162304,35310],{"class":91},[73,162306,141],{"class":87},[73,162308,149],{"class":105},[73,162310,13105],{"class":315},[73,162312,8841],{"class":105},[73,162314,162315],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162316,37669],{"class":105},[20,162318,162319],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162321,162322,162323,817],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[587,162324,4727],{"href":5173},[59,162326,40419],{"id":40418},[20,162328,162329,162330,817],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162331,63701],{},[292,162333,162335],{"id":162334},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[64,162337,162339],{"className":66,"code":162338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162340,162341,162373,162393,162397,162421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162342,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162344,4585],{"class":79},[73,162346,84],{"class":83},[73,162348,528],{"class":105},[73,162350,384],{"class":87},[73,162352,12477],{"class":91},[73,162354,384],{"class":87},[73,162356,149],{"class":105},[73,162358,88],{"class":87},[73,162360,35310],{"class":91},[73,162362,384],{"class":87},[73,162364,149],{"class":105},[73,162366,88],{"class":87},[73,162368,35319],{"class":91},[73,162370,384],{"class":87},[73,162372,229],{"class":105},[73,162374,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162376,4654],{"class":79},[73,162378,84],{"class":83},[73,162380,528],{"class":105},[73,162382,13100],{"class":315},[73,162384,149],{"class":105},[73,162386,13105],{"class":315},[73,162388,149],{"class":105},[73,162390,28517],{"class":315},[73,162392,229],{"class":105},[73,162394,162395],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162396,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162398,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162400,5545],{"class":646},[73,162402,35361],{"class":79},[73,162404,149],{"class":105},[73,162406,4696],{"class":79},[73,162408,3469],{"class":646},[73,162410,160957],{"class":101},[73,162412,106],{"class":105},[73,162414,4629],{"class":114},[73,162416,149],{"class":105},[73,162418,4701],{"class":114},[73,162420,7933],{"class":105},[73,162422,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162424,7659],{"class":101},[73,162426,106],{"class":105},[73,162428,21893],{"class":633},[73,162430,384],{"class":91},[73,162432,8870],{"class":315},[73,162434,115],{"class":114},[73,162436,21902],{"class":315},[73,162438,21905],{"class":91},[73,162440,8870],{"class":315},[73,162442,84902],{"class":114},[73,162444,21902],{"class":315},[73,162446,384],{"class":91},[73,162448,854],{"class":105},[292,162450,162452],{"id":162451},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[64,162454,162456],{"className":66,"code":162455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162457,162458,162490,162514,162518,162540],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162459,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162461,16840],{"class":79},[73,162463,84],{"class":83},[73,162465,528],{"class":105},[73,162467,384],{"class":87},[73,162469,12245],{"class":91},[73,162471,384],{"class":87},[73,162473,149],{"class":105},[73,162475,88],{"class":87},[73,162477,115],{"class":91},[73,162479,384],{"class":87},[73,162481,149],{"class":105},[73,162483,88],{"class":87},[73,162485,15419],{"class":91},[73,162487,384],{"class":87},[73,162489,229],{"class":105},[73,162491,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162493,3409],{"class":79},[73,162495,84],{"class":83},[73,162497,528],{"class":105},[73,162499,45968],{"class":315},[73,162501,149],{"class":105},[73,162503,88],{"class":87},[73,162505,12477],{"class":91},[73,162507,384],{"class":87},[73,162509,149],{"class":105},[73,162511,3502],{"class":3438},[73,162513,229],{"class":105},[73,162515,162516],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162517,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162519,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162521,8757],{"class":79},[73,162523,84],{"class":83},[73,162525,8762],{"class":1270},[73,162527,106],{"class":105},[73,162529,63771],{"class":101},[73,162531,106],{"class":105},[73,162533,16522],{"class":114},[73,162535,149],{"class":105},[73,162537,3472],{"class":114},[73,162539,118],{"class":105},[73,162541,162542,162544,162546,162548],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162543,102],{"class":101},[73,162545,106],{"class":105},[73,162547,8796],{"class":114},[73,162549,854],{"class":105},[292,162551,162553],{"id":162552},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[64,162555,162557],{"className":66,"code":162556,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162558,162559,162579,162599,162603,162628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162560,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162562,80040],{"class":79},[73,162564,84],{"class":83},[73,162566,528],{"class":105},[73,162568,1920],{"class":315},[73,162570,149],{"class":105},[73,162572,7380],{"class":315},[73,162574,149],{"class":105},[73,162576,7385],{"class":315},[73,162578,229],{"class":105},[73,162580,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162582,80061],{"class":79},[73,162584,84],{"class":83},[73,162586,528],{"class":105},[73,162588,1920],{"class":315},[73,162590,149],{"class":105},[73,162592,8898],{"class":315},[73,162594,149],{"class":105},[73,162596,7385],{"class":315},[73,162598,229],{"class":105},[73,162600,162601],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162602,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162604,162605,162607,162609,162611,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162606,5545],{"class":646},[73,162608,56267],{"class":79},[73,162610,149],{"class":105},[73,162612,162613],{"class":79}," b ",[73,162615,3469],{"class":646},[73,162617,160957],{"class":101},[73,162619,106],{"class":105},[73,162621,111132],{"class":114},[73,162623,149],{"class":105},[73,162625,80104],{"class":114},[73,162627,7933],{"class":105},[73,162629,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162631,7659],{"class":101},[73,162633,106],{"class":105},[73,162635,2145],{"class":114},[73,162637,4277],{"class":83},[73,162639,2150],{"class":114},[73,162641,854],{"class":105},[20,162643,1660],{},[64,162645,162647],{"className":66,"code":162646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162648,162649,162653,162657],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162650,162651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162652,3566],{"class":3438},[73,162654,162655],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162656,3627],{"class":3438},[73,162658,162659],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162660,3566],{"class":3438},[292,162662,162664],{"id":162663},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[64,162666,162668],{"className":66,"code":162667,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162669,162670,162705,162728,162732,162759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162671,162672,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162692,162694,162696,162698,162701,162703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162673,162674],{"class":79},"products ",[73,162676,84],{"class":83},[73,162678,528],{"class":105},[73,162680,384],{"class":87},[73,162682,24740],{"class":91},[73,162684,384],{"class":87},[73,162686,149],{"class":105},[73,162688,88],{"class":87},[73,162690,162691],{"class":91},"Pen",[73,162693,384],{"class":87},[73,162695,149],{"class":105},[73,162697,88],{"class":87},[73,162699,162700],{"class":91},"Bag",[73,162702,384],{"class":87},[73,162704,229],{"class":105},[73,162706,162707,162709,162711,162713,162716,162718,162721,162723,162726],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162708,82430],{"class":79},[73,162710,84],{"class":83},[73,162712,528],{"class":105},[73,162714,162715],{"class":315},"12.5",[73,162717,149],{"class":105},[73,162719,162720],{"class":315}," 1.2",[73,162722,149],{"class":105},[73,162724,162725],{"class":315}," 25.0",[73,162727,229],{"class":105},[73,162729,162730],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162731,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162733,162734,162736,162738,162740,162743,162745,162747,162749,162752,162754,162757],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162735,5545],{"class":646},[73,162737,24801],{"class":79},[73,162739,149],{"class":105},[73,162741,162742],{"class":79}," price ",[73,162744,3469],{"class":646},[73,162746,160957],{"class":101},[73,162748,106],{"class":105},[73,162750,162751],{"class":114},"products",[73,162753,149],{"class":105},[73,162755,162756],{"class":114}," prices",[73,162758,7933],{"class":105},[73,162760,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162762,7659],{"class":101},[73,162764,106],{"class":105},[73,162766,21893],{"class":633},[73,162768,384],{"class":91},[73,162770,8870],{"class":315},[73,162772,26605],{"class":114},[73,162774,21902],{"class":315},[73,162776,162777],{"class":91}," costs $",[73,162779,8870],{"class":315},[73,162781,24749],{"class":114},[73,162783,21902],{"class":315},[73,162785,384],{"class":91},[73,162787,854],{"class":105},[20,162789,35972,162790,817],{},[587,162791,162793],{"href":162792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[59,162795,162797,162798],{"id":162796},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162799,63701],{},[292,162801,8044,162803,162805],{"id":162802},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162804,63701],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162807,162808,162810],{},[15,162809,63701],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162812,162813],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[64,162815,162817],{"className":66,"code":162816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162818,162819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162822,102],{"class":101},[73,162824,106],{"class":105},[73,162826,10755],{"class":101},[73,162828,106],{"class":105},[73,162830,111132],{"class":114},[73,162832,8825],{"class":105},[73,162834,37758],{"class":101},[73,162836,106],{"class":105},[73,162838,80327],{"class":114},[73,162840,118],{"class":105},[292,162842,162844],{"id":162843},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162846,68218],{},[64,162848,162850],{"className":66,"code":162849,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162851,162852,162888,162892,162905,162915,162919,162931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162853,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162855,8807],{"class":79},[73,162857,84],{"class":83},[73,162859,160957],{"class":101},[73,162861,401],{"class":105},[73,162863,404],{"class":315},[73,162865,149],{"class":105},[73,162867,409],{"class":315},[73,162869,17661],{"class":105},[73,162871,528],{"class":105},[73,162873,384],{"class":87},[73,162875,587],{"class":91},[73,162877,384],{"class":87},[73,162879,149],{"class":105},[73,162881,88],{"class":87},[73,162883,4350],{"class":91},[73,162885,384],{"class":87},[73,162887,3475],{"class":105},[73,162889,162890],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162891,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162893,162894,162896,162898,162900,162903],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162895,5545],{"class":646},[73,162897,5548],{"class":79},[73,162899,3469],{"class":646},[73,162901,162902],{"class":79}," pairs",[73,162904,5982],{"class":105},[73,162906,162907,162909,162911,162913],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,162908,7659],{"class":101},[73,162910,106],{"class":105},[73,162912,22910],{"class":114},[73,162914,854],{"class":105},[73,162916,162917],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,162918,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,162920,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929],{"class":75,"line":662},[73,162922,5545],{"class":646},[73,162924,5548],{"class":79},[73,162926,3469],{"class":646},[73,162928,162902],{"class":79},[73,162930,5982],{"class":105},[73,162932,162933,162935,162937,162939],{"class":75,"line":6004},[73,162934,7659],{"class":101},[73,162936,106],{"class":105},[73,162938,22910],{"class":114},[73,162940,854],{"class":105},[20,162942,162943],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[292,162945,162947],{"id":162946},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162949,162950],{},"This is correct:",[64,162952,162954],{"className":66,"code":162953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162955,162956,162980,162996,163000,163024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162957,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162959,4585],{"class":79},[73,162961,84],{"class":83},[73,162963,528],{"class":105},[73,162965,384],{"class":87},[73,162967,12477],{"class":91},[73,162969,384],{"class":87},[73,162971,149],{"class":105},[73,162973,88],{"class":87},[73,162975,35310],{"class":91},[73,162977,384],{"class":87},[73,162979,229],{"class":105},[73,162981,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,162983,4654],{"class":79},[73,162985,84],{"class":83},[73,162987,528],{"class":105},[73,162989,13100],{"class":315},[73,162991,149],{"class":105},[73,162993,13105],{"class":315},[73,162995,229],{"class":105},[73,162997,162998],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,162999,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,163001,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,163003,5545],{"class":646},[73,163005,35361],{"class":79},[73,163007,149],{"class":105},[73,163009,4696],{"class":79},[73,163011,3469],{"class":646},[73,163013,160957],{"class":101},[73,163015,106],{"class":105},[73,163017,4629],{"class":114},[73,163019,149],{"class":105},[73,163021,4701],{"class":114},[73,163023,7933],{"class":105},[73,163025,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036],{"class":75,"line":657},[73,163027,7659],{"class":101},[73,163029,106],{"class":105},[73,163031,115],{"class":114},[73,163033,149],{"class":105},[73,163035,130245],{"class":114},[73,163037,854],{"class":105},[20,163039,163040],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[64,163042,163044],{"className":66,"code":163043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163045,163046,163066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163047,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163049,5545],{"class":646},[73,163051,5548],{"class":79},[73,163053,3469],{"class":646},[73,163055,160957],{"class":101},[73,163057,106],{"class":105},[73,163059,4629],{"class":114},[73,163061,149],{"class":105},[73,163063,4701],{"class":114},[73,163065,7933],{"class":105},[73,163067,163068,163070,163072,163074],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,163069,7659],{"class":101},[73,163071,106],{"class":105},[73,163073,22910],{"class":114},[73,163075,854],{"class":105},[20,163077,1660],{},[64,163079,163081],{"className":66,"code":163080,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163082,163083,163099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163084,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163086,106],{"class":105},[73,163088,141],{"class":87},[73,163090,12477],{"class":91},[73,163092,141],{"class":87},[73,163094,149],{"class":105},[73,163096,19497],{"class":315},[73,163098,854],{"class":105},[73,163100,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,163102,106],{"class":105},[73,163104,141],{"class":87},[73,163106,35310],{"class":91},[73,163108,141],{"class":87},[73,163110,149],{"class":105},[73,163112,13105],{"class":315},[73,163114,854],{"class":105},[20,163116,163117],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[292,163119,438,163121,163123,163124],{"id":163120},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163122,63701],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163125,35118],{},[20,163127,121,163128,163130],{},[15,163129,63701],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163132,121,163133,163135],{},[15,163134,35118],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[64,163137,163138],{"className":66,"code":35287,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,163139,163140,163172,163176,163196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163143,4585],{"class":79},[73,163145,84],{"class":83},[73,163147,528],{"class":105},[73,163149,384],{"class":87},[73,163151,12477],{"class":91},[73,163153,384],{"class":87},[73,163155,149],{"class":105},[73,163157,88],{"class":87},[73,163159,35310],{"class":91},[73,163161,384],{"class":87},[73,163163,149],{"class":105},[73,163165,88],{"class":87},[73,163167,35319],{"class":91},[73,163169,384],{"class":87},[73,163171,229],{"class":105},[73,163173,163174],{"class":75,"line":98},[73,163175,336],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":335},[73,163177,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194],{"class":75,"line":332},[73,163179,5545],{"class":646},[73,163181,35190],{"class":79},[73,163183,149],{"class":105},[73,163185,35338],{"class":79},[73,163187,3469],{"class":646},[73,163189,35200],{"class":101},[73,163191,106],{"class":105},[73,163193,4629],{"class":114},[73,163195,7933],{"class":105},[73,163197,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208],{"class":75,"line":339},[73,163199,7659],{"class":101},[73,163201,106],{"class":105},[73,163203,35215],{"class":114},[73,163205,149],{"class":105},[73,163207,35361],{"class":114},[73,163209,854],{"class":105},[20,163211,163212,163213,817],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[587,163214,13,163215,1470],{"href":91405},[15,163216,35118],{},[59,163218,1405],{"id":1404},[292,163220,1409,163222,1412],{"id":163221},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163223,63701],{},[20,163225,163226],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[292,163228,12300,163230,163232],{"id":163229},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163231,63701],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163234,163235],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[292,163237,163239,163240,1424],{"id":163238},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163241,63701],{},[20,163243,163244,163245,817],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163246,161852],{},[292,163248,163250,163251,1424],{"id":163249},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163252,63701],{},[20,163254,127610,163255,163257],{},[15,163256,162005],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[292,163259,163261],{"id":163260},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163263,163264],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[59,163266,1461],{"id":1460},[30,163268,163269,163274,163280,163284,163288],{},[33,163270,163271],{},[587,163272,163273],{"href":162792},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163275,163276],{},[587,163277,13,163278,1470],{"href":91405},[15,163279,35118],{},[33,163281,163282],{},[587,163283,4804],{"href":5173},[33,163285,163286],{},[587,163287,69071],{"href":68994},[33,163289,163290],{},[587,163291,31858],{"href":30684},[1500,163293,163294],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":163296},[163297,163298,163300,163301,163302,163303,163311,163317,163326,163337],{"id":61,"depth":98,"text":62},{"id":161016,"depth":98,"text":163299},"What zip() does",{"id":284,"depth":98,"text":285},{"id":161409,"depth":98,"text":161410},{"id":161586,"depth":98,"text":161587},{"id":161838,"depth":98,"text":163304,"children":163305},"Converting zip() output",[163306,163308,163310],{"id":161849,"depth":332,"text":163307},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162002,"depth":332,"text":163309},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162172,"depth":332,"text":162173},{"id":40418,"depth":98,"text":40419,"children":163312},[163313,163314,163315,163316],{"id":162334,"depth":332,"text":162335},{"id":162451,"depth":332,"text":162452},{"id":162552,"depth":332,"text":162553},{"id":162663,"depth":332,"text":162664},{"id":162796,"depth":98,"text":163318,"children":163319},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163320,163322,163323,163324],{"id":162802,"depth":332,"text":163321},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162843,"depth":332,"text":162844},{"id":162946,"depth":332,"text":162947},{"id":163120,"depth":332,"text":163325},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1404,"depth":98,"text":1405,"children":163327},[163328,163330,163332,163334,163336],{"id":163221,"depth":332,"text":163329},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163229,"depth":332,"text":163331},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163238,"depth":332,"text":163333},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163249,"depth":332,"text":163335},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163260,"depth":332,"text":163261},{"id":1460,"depth":98,"text":1461},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160858,"description":163338},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944908379]