[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163770},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1994},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1987,"extension":1988,"meta":1989,"navigation":113,"path":1990,"seo":1991,"stem":1992,"__hash__":1993},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1956},"minimark",[9,19,25,28,38,44,49,166,169,199,205,212,217,220,234,237,240,322,324,350,359,363,366,393,396,409,414,416,499,501,527,537,543,552,558,565,568,570,652,655,723,725,767,773,779,784,787,801,803,914,916,962,971,981,988,994,1003,1086,1088,1111,1114,1117,1121,1126,1131,1134,1199,1226,1229,1233,1239,1242,1315,1318,1395,1401,1407,1410,1413,1459,1461,1485,1492,1496,1501,1507,1573,1576,1580,1583,1611,1614,1757,1760,1865,1869,1876,1879,1886,1896,1906,1911,1918,1924,1928,1952],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-enumerate-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"enumerate()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,26,27],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[29,30,31,35],"ul",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"the item itself",[32,36,37],{},"its index in the loop",[20,39,40,41,43],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,42,17],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[45,46,48],"h2",{"id":47},"quick-example","Quick example",[50,51,56],"pre",{"className":52,"code":53,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n","python","",[15,57,58,108,115,147],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60,63,67,71,75,79,83,85,88,91,94,96,98,100,103,105],"span",{"class":61,"line":62},"line",1,[59,64,66],{"class":65},"su5hD","colors ",[59,68,70],{"class":69},"smGrS","=",[59,72,74],{"class":73},"sP7_E"," [",[59,76,78],{"class":77},"sjJ54","\"",[59,80,82],{"class":81},"s_sjI","red",[59,84,78],{"class":77},[59,86,87],{"class":73},",",[59,89,90],{"class":77}," \"",[59,92,93],{"class":81},"green",[59,95,78],{"class":77},[59,97,87],{"class":73},[59,99,90],{"class":77},[59,101,102],{"class":81},"blue",[59,104,78],{"class":77},[59,106,107],{"class":73},"]\n",[59,109,111],{"class":61,"line":110},2,[59,112,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},true,"\n",[59,116,118,122,125,127,130,133,137,140,144],{"class":61,"line":117},3,[59,119,121],{"class":120},"sVHd0","for",[59,123,124],{"class":65}," index",[59,126,87],{"class":73},[59,128,129],{"class":65}," color ",[59,131,132],{"class":120},"in",[59,134,136],{"class":135},"sptTA"," enumerate",[59,138,139],{"class":73},"(",[59,141,143],{"class":142},"slqww","colors",[59,145,146],{"class":73},"):\n",[59,148,150,153,155,158,160,163],{"class":61,"line":149},4,[59,151,152],{"class":135},"    print",[59,154,139],{"class":73},[59,156,157],{"class":142},"index",[59,159,87],{"class":73},[59,161,162],{"class":142}," color",[59,164,165],{"class":73},")\n",[20,167,168],{},"Output:",[50,170,172],{"className":52,"code":171,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,173,174,183,191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,175,176,180],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,177,179],{"class":178},"srdBf","0",[59,181,182],{"class":65}," red\n",[59,184,185,188],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,186,187],{"class":178},"1",[59,189,190],{"class":65}," green\n",[59,192,193,196],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,194,195],{"class":178},"2",[59,197,198],{"class":65}," blue\n",[20,200,201,202,204],{},"Use ",[15,203,17],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[45,206,208,209,211],{"id":207},"what-enumerate-does","What ",[15,210,17],{}," does",[20,213,214,216],{},[15,215,17],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,218,219],{},"It is commonly used with:",[29,221,222,225,228,231],{},[32,223,224],{},"lists",[32,226,227],{},"tuples",[32,229,230],{},"strings",[32,232,233],{},"other iterable objects",[20,235,236],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,238,239],{},"Example:",[50,241,243],{"className":52,"code":242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,244,245,281,285,307],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,246,247,250,252,254,256,259,261,263,265,268,270,272,274,277,279],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,248,249],{"class":65},"names ",[59,251,70],{"class":69},[59,253,74],{"class":73},[59,255,78],{"class":77},[59,257,258],{"class":81},"Ana",[59,260,78],{"class":77},[59,262,87],{"class":73},[59,264,90],{"class":77},[59,266,267],{"class":81},"Ben",[59,269,78],{"class":77},[59,271,87],{"class":73},[59,273,90],{"class":77},[59,275,276],{"class":81},"Cara",[59,278,78],{"class":77},[59,280,107],{"class":73},[59,282,283],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,284,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,286,287,289,291,293,296,298,300,302,305],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,288,121],{"class":120},[59,290,124],{"class":65},[59,292,87],{"class":73},[59,294,295],{"class":65}," name ",[59,297,132],{"class":120},[59,299,136],{"class":135},[59,301,139],{"class":73},[59,303,304],{"class":142},"names",[59,306,146],{"class":73},[59,308,309,311,313,315,317,320],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,310,152],{"class":135},[59,312,139],{"class":73},[59,314,157],{"class":142},[59,316,87],{"class":73},[59,318,319],{"class":142}," name",[59,321,165],{"class":73},[20,323,168],{},[50,325,327],{"className":52,"code":326,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,328,329,336,343],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,330,331,333],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,332,179],{"class":178},[59,334,335],{"class":65}," Ana\n",[59,337,338,340],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,339,187],{"class":178},[59,341,342],{"class":65}," Ben\n",[59,344,345,347],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,346,195],{"class":178},[59,348,349],{"class":65}," Cara\n",[20,351,352,353,358],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[354,355,357],"a",{"href":356},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",".",[45,360,362],{"id":361},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,364,365],{},"The syntax is:",[50,367,369],{"className":52,"code":368,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,370,371],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,372,373,376,378,381,383,387,389,391],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,374,375],{"class":135},"enumerate",[59,377,139],{"class":73},[59,379,380],{"class":142},"iterable",[59,382,87],{"class":73},[59,384,386],{"class":385},"s99_P"," start",[59,388,70],{"class":69},[59,390,179],{"class":178},[59,392,165],{"class":73},[20,394,395],{},"It has two parts:",[29,397,398,403],{},[32,399,400,402],{},[15,401,380],{},": the object you want to loop through",[32,404,405,408],{},[15,406,407],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,410,411,412,358],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,413,179],{},[20,415,239],{},[50,417,419],{"className":52,"code":418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,420,421,456,460,483],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,422,423,426,428,430,432,434,436,438,440,443,445,447,449,452,454],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,424,425],{"class":65},"letters ",[59,427,70],{"class":69},[59,429,74],{"class":73},[59,431,78],{"class":77},[59,433,354],{"class":81},[59,435,78],{"class":77},[59,437,87],{"class":73},[59,439,90],{"class":77},[59,441,442],{"class":81},"b",[59,444,78],{"class":77},[59,446,87],{"class":73},[59,448,90],{"class":77},[59,450,451],{"class":81},"c",[59,453,78],{"class":77},[59,455,107],{"class":73},[59,457,458],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,459,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,461,462,464,467,469,472,474,476,478,481],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,463,121],{"class":120},[59,465,466],{"class":65}," i",[59,468,87],{"class":73},[59,470,471],{"class":65}," letter ",[59,473,132],{"class":120},[59,475,136],{"class":135},[59,477,139],{"class":73},[59,479,480],{"class":142},"letters",[59,482,146],{"class":73},[59,484,485,487,489,492,494,497],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,486,152],{"class":135},[59,488,139],{"class":73},[59,490,491],{"class":142},"i",[59,493,87],{"class":73},[59,495,496],{"class":142}," letter",[59,498,165],{"class":73},[20,500,168],{},[50,502,504],{"className":52,"code":503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,505,506,513,520],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,507,508,510],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,509,179],{"class":178},[59,511,512],{"class":65}," a\n",[59,514,515,517],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,516,187],{"class":178},[59,518,519],{"class":65}," b\n",[59,521,522,524],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,523,195],{"class":178},[59,525,526],{"class":65}," c\n",[20,528,529,530,358],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[354,531,13,533,536],{"href":532},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,534,535],{},"range()"," function explained",[45,538,208,540,542],{"id":539},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,541,17],{}," returns",[20,544,545,547,548,358],{},[15,546,17],{}," returns an ",[549,550,551],"strong",{},"enumerate object",[20,553,554,555,557],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,556,121],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[29,559,560],{},[32,561,562],{},[15,563,564],{},"(index, item)",[20,566,567],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,569,239],{},[50,571,573],{"className":52,"code":572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,574,575,611,615,637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,576,577,580,582,584,586,589,591,593,595,598,600,602,604,607,609],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,578,579],{"class":65},"fruits ",[59,581,70],{"class":69},[59,583,74],{"class":73},[59,585,78],{"class":77},[59,587,588],{"class":81},"apple",[59,590,78],{"class":77},[59,592,87],{"class":73},[59,594,90],{"class":77},[59,596,597],{"class":81},"banana",[59,599,78],{"class":77},[59,601,87],{"class":73},[59,603,90],{"class":77},[59,605,606],{"class":81},"orange",[59,608,78],{"class":77},[59,610,107],{"class":73},[59,612,613],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,614,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,616,617,619,621,623,626,628,630,632,635],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,618,121],{"class":120},[59,620,124],{"class":65},[59,622,87],{"class":73},[59,624,625],{"class":65}," fruit ",[59,627,132],{"class":120},[59,629,136],{"class":135},[59,631,139],{"class":73},[59,633,634],{"class":142},"fruits",[59,636,146],{"class":73},[59,638,639,641,643,645,647,650],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,640,152],{"class":135},[59,642,139],{"class":73},[59,644,157],{"class":142},[59,646,87],{"class":73},[59,648,649],{"class":142}," fruit",[59,651,165],{"class":73},[20,653,654],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[50,656,658],{"className":52,"code":657,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,659,660,684,688,711],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,661,662,665,667,669,672,674,677,679,682],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,663,664],{"class":65},"numbers ",[59,666,70],{"class":69},[59,668,74],{"class":73},[59,670,671],{"class":178},"10",[59,673,87],{"class":73},[59,675,676],{"class":178}," 20",[59,678,87],{"class":73},[59,680,681],{"class":178}," 30",[59,683,107],{"class":73},[59,685,686],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,687,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,689,690,693,695,699,701,703,705,708],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,691,692],{"class":65},"result ",[59,694,70],{"class":69},[59,696,698],{"class":697},"sZMiF"," list",[59,700,139],{"class":73},[59,702,375],{"class":135},[59,704,139],{"class":73},[59,706,707],{"class":142},"numbers",[59,709,710],{"class":73},"))\n",[59,712,713,716,718,721],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,714,715],{"class":135},"print",[59,717,139],{"class":73},[59,719,720],{"class":142},"result",[59,722,165],{"class":73},[20,724,168],{},[50,726,728],{"className":52,"code":727,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,729,730],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,731,732,735,737,739,742,745,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,733,734],{"class":73},"[(",[59,736,179],{"class":178},[59,738,87],{"class":73},[59,740,741],{"class":178}," 10",[59,743,744],{"class":73},"),",[59,746,747],{"class":73}," (",[59,749,187],{"class":178},[59,751,87],{"class":73},[59,753,676],{"class":178},[59,755,744],{"class":73},[59,757,747],{"class":73},[59,759,195],{"class":178},[59,761,87],{"class":73},[59,763,681],{"class":178},[59,765,766],{"class":73},")]\n",[20,768,769,770,772],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,771,17],{}," produces.",[45,774,776,777],{"id":775},"when-to-use-enumerate","When to use ",[15,778,17],{},[20,780,201,781,783],{},[15,782,17],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,785,786],{},"Common cases:",[29,788,789,792,795,798],{},[32,790,791],{},"printing numbered output",[32,793,794],{},"building menus",[32,796,797],{},"showing positions in a list",[32,799,800],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,802,239],{},[50,804,806],{"className":52,"code":805,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,807,808,844,848,879],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,809,810,813,815,817,819,822,824,826,828,831,833,835,837,840,842],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,811,812],{"class":65},"tasks ",[59,814,70],{"class":69},[59,816,74],{"class":73},[59,818,78],{"class":77},[59,820,821],{"class":81},"Wash dishes",[59,823,78],{"class":77},[59,825,87],{"class":73},[59,827,90],{"class":77},[59,829,830],{"class":81},"Study Python",[59,832,78],{"class":77},[59,834,87],{"class":73},[59,836,90],{"class":77},[59,838,839],{"class":81},"Go for a walk",[59,841,78],{"class":77},[59,843,107],{"class":73},[59,845,846],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,847,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,849,850,852,855,857,860,862,864,866,869,871,873,875,877],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,851,121],{"class":120},[59,853,854],{"class":65}," number",[59,856,87],{"class":73},[59,858,859],{"class":65}," task ",[59,861,132],{"class":120},[59,863,136],{"class":135},[59,865,139],{"class":73},[59,867,868],{"class":142},"tasks",[59,870,87],{"class":73},[59,872,386],{"class":385},[59,874,70],{"class":69},[59,876,187],{"class":178},[59,878,146],{"class":73},[59,880,881,883,885,889,891,894,897,900,903,905,908,910,912],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,882,152],{"class":135},[59,884,139],{"class":73},[59,886,888],{"class":887},"sbsja","f",[59,890,78],{"class":81},[59,892,893],{"class":178},"{",[59,895,896],{"class":142},"number",[59,898,899],{"class":178},"}",[59,901,902],{"class":81},". ",[59,904,893],{"class":178},[59,906,907],{"class":142},"task",[59,909,899],{"class":178},[59,911,78],{"class":81},[59,913,165],{"class":73},[20,915,168],{},[50,917,919],{"className":52,"code":918,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,920,921,934,946],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,922,923,925,927,931],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,924,187],{"class":178},[59,926,358],{"class":73},[59,928,930],{"class":929},"skxfh"," Wash",[59,932,933],{"class":65}," dishes\n",[59,935,936,938,940,943],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,937,195],{"class":178},[59,939,358],{"class":73},[59,941,942],{"class":929}," Study",[59,944,945],{"class":65}," Python\n",[59,947,948,951,953,956,959],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,949,950],{"class":178},"3",[59,952,358],{"class":73},[59,954,955],{"class":929}," Go",[59,957,958],{"class":120}," for",[59,960,961],{"class":65}," a walk\n",[20,963,964,965,967,968,358],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,966,17],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,969,970],{},"range(len(...))",[20,972,973,974,358],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[354,975,977,978,980],{"href":976},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,979,17],{}," in Python",[45,982,984,985,987],{"id":983},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,986,407],{}," argument",[20,989,990,991,993],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,992,407],{}," argument.",[20,995,996,997,999,1000,1002],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,998,187],{}," instead of ",[15,1001,179],{},":",[50,1004,1006],{"className":52,"code":1005,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,1007,1008,1040,1044,1072],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1009,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1011,66],{"class":65},[59,1013,70],{"class":69},[59,1015,74],{"class":73},[59,1017,78],{"class":77},[59,1019,82],{"class":81},[59,1021,78],{"class":77},[59,1023,87],{"class":73},[59,1025,90],{"class":77},[59,1027,93],{"class":81},[59,1029,78],{"class":77},[59,1031,87],{"class":73},[59,1033,90],{"class":77},[59,1035,102],{"class":81},[59,1037,78],{"class":77},[59,1039,107],{"class":73},[59,1041,1042],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1043,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1047,121],{"class":120},[59,1049,124],{"class":65},[59,1051,87],{"class":73},[59,1053,129],{"class":65},[59,1055,132],{"class":120},[59,1057,136],{"class":135},[59,1059,139],{"class":73},[59,1061,143],{"class":142},[59,1063,87],{"class":73},[59,1065,386],{"class":385},[59,1067,70],{"class":69},[59,1069,187],{"class":178},[59,1071,146],{"class":73},[59,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1075,152],{"class":135},[59,1077,139],{"class":73},[59,1079,157],{"class":142},[59,1081,87],{"class":73},[59,1083,162],{"class":142},[59,1085,165],{"class":73},[20,1087,168],{},[50,1089,1091],{"className":52,"code":1090,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,1092,1093,1099,1105],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1094,1095,1097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1096,187],{"class":178},[59,1098,182],{"class":65},[59,1100,1101,1103],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1102,195],{"class":178},[59,1104,190],{"class":65},[59,1106,1107,1109],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1108,950],{"class":178},[59,1110,198],{"class":65},[20,1112,1113],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,1115,1116],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[45,1118,1120],{"id":1119},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,1122,1123,1124,358],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,1125,17],{},[1127,1128,1130],"h3",{"id":1129},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,1132,1133],{},"In this loop:",[50,1135,1137],{"className":52,"code":1136,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,1138,1139,1159,1163,1184],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1140,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1142,664],{"class":65},[59,1144,70],{"class":69},[59,1146,74],{"class":73},[59,1148,671],{"class":178},[59,1150,87],{"class":73},[59,1152,676],{"class":178},[59,1154,87],{"class":73},[59,1156,681],{"class":178},[59,1158,107],{"class":73},[59,1160,1161],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1162,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,1164,1165,1167,1169,1171,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1166,121],{"class":120},[59,1168,124],{"class":65},[59,1170,87],{"class":73},[59,1172,1173],{"class":65}," value ",[59,1175,132],{"class":120},[59,1177,136],{"class":135},[59,1179,139],{"class":73},[59,1181,707],{"class":142},[59,1183,146],{"class":73},[59,1185,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1197],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1187,152],{"class":135},[59,1189,139],{"class":73},[59,1191,157],{"class":142},[59,1193,87],{"class":73},[59,1195,1196],{"class":142}," value",[59,1198,165],{"class":73},[29,1200,1201,1213],{},[32,1202,1203,1205,1206,1208,1209,1208,1211],{},[15,1204,157],{}," is ",[15,1207,179],{},", ",[15,1210,187],{},[15,1212,195],{},[32,1214,1215,1205,1218,1208,1220,1208,1223],{},[15,1216,1217],{},"value",[15,1219,671],{},[15,1221,1222],{},"20",[15,1224,1225],{},"30",[20,1227,1228],{},"These are different things.",[1127,1230,1232],{"id":1231},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,1234,1235,1236,1238],{},"Each item from ",[15,1237,17],{}," is a pair.",[20,1240,1241],{},"This works:",[50,1243,1245],{"className":52,"code":1244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,1246,1247,1274,1278,1300],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1248,1249,1252,1254,1256,1258,1261,1263,1265,1267,1270,1272],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1250,1251],{"class":65},"items ",[59,1253,70],{"class":69},[59,1255,74],{"class":73},[59,1257,78],{"class":77},[59,1259,1260],{"class":81},"x",[59,1262,78],{"class":77},[59,1264,87],{"class":73},[59,1266,90],{"class":77},[59,1268,1269],{"class":81},"y",[59,1271,78],{"class":77},[59,1273,107],{"class":73},[59,1275,1276],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1277,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286,1289,1291,1293,1295,1298],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1281,121],{"class":120},[59,1283,466],{"class":65},[59,1285,87],{"class":73},[59,1287,1288],{"class":65}," item ",[59,1290,132],{"class":120},[59,1292,136],{"class":135},[59,1294,139],{"class":73},[59,1296,1297],{"class":142},"items",[59,1299,146],{"class":73},[59,1301,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310,1313],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1303,152],{"class":135},[59,1305,139],{"class":73},[59,1307,491],{"class":142},[59,1309,87],{"class":73},[59,1311,1312],{"class":142}," item",[59,1314,165],{"class":73},[20,1316,1317],{},"But this causes an error:",[50,1319,1321],{"className":52,"code":1320,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,1322,1323,1347,1351,1376],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1324,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1326,1251],{"class":65},[59,1328,70],{"class":69},[59,1330,74],{"class":73},[59,1332,78],{"class":77},[59,1334,1260],{"class":81},[59,1336,78],{"class":77},[59,1338,87],{"class":73},[59,1340,90],{"class":77},[59,1342,1269],{"class":81},[59,1344,78],{"class":77},[59,1346,107],{"class":73},[59,1348,1349],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1350,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,1352,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1354,121],{"class":120},[59,1356,466],{"class":65},[59,1358,87],{"class":73},[59,1360,1312],{"class":65},[59,1362,87],{"class":73},[59,1364,1365],{"class":65}," extra ",[59,1367,132],{"class":120},[59,1369,136],{"class":135},[59,1371,139],{"class":73},[59,1373,1297],{"class":142},[59,1375,146],{"class":73},[59,1377,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1393],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1379,152],{"class":135},[59,1381,139],{"class":73},[59,1383,491],{"class":142},[59,1385,87],{"class":73},[59,1387,1312],{"class":142},[59,1389,87],{"class":73},[59,1391,1392],{"class":142}," extra",[59,1394,165],{"class":73},[20,1396,1397,1398,1400],{},"Because ",[15,1399,17],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1127,1402,1404,1406],{"id":1403},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,1405,17],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,1408,1409],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,1411,1412],{},"Example with a string:",[50,1414,1416],{"className":52,"code":1415,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,1417,1418,1444],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1419,1420,1422,1424,1426,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1440,1442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1421,121],{"class":120},[59,1423,124],{"class":65},[59,1425,87],{"class":73},[59,1427,1428],{"class":65}," char ",[59,1430,132],{"class":120},[59,1432,136],{"class":135},[59,1434,139],{"class":73},[59,1436,78],{"class":77},[59,1438,1439],{"class":81},"cat",[59,1441,78],{"class":77},[59,1443,146],{"class":73},[59,1445,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1457],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1447,152],{"class":135},[59,1449,139],{"class":73},[59,1451,157],{"class":142},[59,1453,87],{"class":73},[59,1455,1456],{"class":142}," char",[59,1458,165],{"class":73},[20,1460,168],{},[50,1462,1464],{"className":52,"code":1463,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,1465,1466,1472,1478],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1467,1468,1470],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1469,179],{"class":178},[59,1471,526],{"class":65},[59,1473,1474,1476],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1475,187],{"class":178},[59,1477,512],{"class":65},[59,1479,1480,1482],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1481,195],{"class":178},[59,1483,1484],{"class":65}," t\n",[20,1486,1487,1488,358],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[354,1489,1491],{"href":1490},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",[1127,1493,1495],{"id":1494},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,1497,1498,1499,358],{},"You do not always need ",[15,1500,17],{},[20,1502,1503,1504,1506],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,1505,121],{}," loop:",[50,1508,1510],{"className":52,"code":1509,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,1511,1512,1544,1548,1562],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1513,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1515,66],{"class":65},[59,1517,70],{"class":69},[59,1519,74],{"class":73},[59,1521,78],{"class":77},[59,1523,82],{"class":81},[59,1525,78],{"class":77},[59,1527,87],{"class":73},[59,1529,90],{"class":77},[59,1531,93],{"class":81},[59,1533,78],{"class":77},[59,1535,87],{"class":73},[59,1537,90],{"class":77},[59,1539,102],{"class":81},[59,1541,78],{"class":77},[59,1543,107],{"class":73},[59,1545,1546],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1547,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,1549,1550,1552,1554,1556,1559],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1551,121],{"class":120},[59,1553,129],{"class":65},[59,1555,132],{"class":120},[59,1557,1558],{"class":65}," colors",[59,1560,1561],{"class":73},":\n",[59,1563,1564,1566,1568,1571],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1565,152],{"class":135},[59,1567,139],{"class":73},[59,1569,1570],{"class":142},"color",[59,1572,165],{"class":73},[20,1574,1575],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[45,1577,1579],{"id":1578},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1581,1582],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[29,1584,1585,1591,1597,1603],{},[32,1586,1587,1588,1590],{},"Trying to unpack ",[15,1589,17],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[32,1592,1593,1594,1596],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,1595,179],{}," by default",[32,1598,1599,1600,1602],{},"Using ",[15,1601,17],{}," when only values are needed",[32,1604,1605,1606,1608,1609],{},"Confusing ",[15,1607,17],{}," with ",[15,1610,535],{},[20,1612,1613],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[50,1615,1617],{"className":52,"code":1616,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,1618,1619,1643,1671,1707,1742],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1620,1621,1623,1625,1627,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1622,715],{"class":135},[59,1624,139],{"class":73},[59,1626,375],{"class":135},[59,1628,1629],{"class":73},"([",[59,1631,671],{"class":178},[59,1633,87],{"class":73},[59,1635,676],{"class":178},[59,1637,87],{"class":73},[59,1639,681],{"class":178},[59,1641,1642],{"class":73},"]))\n",[59,1644,1645,1647,1649,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1646,715],{"class":135},[59,1648,139],{"class":73},[59,1650,1651],{"class":697},"list",[59,1653,139],{"class":73},[59,1655,375],{"class":135},[59,1657,1629],{"class":73},[59,1659,671],{"class":178},[59,1661,87],{"class":73},[59,1663,676],{"class":178},[59,1665,87],{"class":73},[59,1667,681],{"class":178},[59,1669,1670],{"class":73},"])))\n",[59,1672,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1674,715],{"class":135},[59,1676,139],{"class":73},[59,1678,1651],{"class":697},[59,1680,139],{"class":73},[59,1682,375],{"class":135},[59,1684,1629],{"class":73},[59,1686,671],{"class":178},[59,1688,87],{"class":73},[59,1690,676],{"class":178},[59,1692,87],{"class":73},[59,1694,681],{"class":178},[59,1696,1697],{"class":73},"],",[59,1699,386],{"class":385},[59,1701,70],{"class":69},[59,1703,187],{"class":178},[59,1705,1706],{"class":73},")))\n",[59,1708,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1726,1728,1730,1732,1735,1737,1739],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1710,121],{"class":120},[59,1712,466],{"class":65},[59,1714,87],{"class":73},[59,1716,1173],{"class":65},[59,1718,132],{"class":120},[59,1720,136],{"class":135},[59,1722,1629],{"class":73},[59,1724,1725],{"class":77},"'",[59,1727,354],{"class":81},[59,1729,1725],{"class":77},[59,1731,87],{"class":73},[59,1733,1734],{"class":77}," '",[59,1736,442],{"class":81},[59,1738,1725],{"class":77},[59,1740,1741],{"class":73},"]):\n",[59,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755],{"class":61,"line":1744},5,[59,1746,152],{"class":135},[59,1748,139],{"class":73},[59,1750,491],{"class":142},[59,1752,87],{"class":73},[59,1754,1196],{"class":142},[59,1756,165],{"class":73},[20,1758,1759],{},"Example output:",[50,1761,1763],{"className":52,"code":1762,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,1764,1765,1789,1821,1853,1859],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,1766,1767,1770,1772,1775,1778,1782,1786],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,1768,1769],{"class":69},"\u003C",[59,1771,375],{"class":135},[59,1773,1774],{"class":697}," object",[59,1776,1777],{"class":65}," at ",[59,1779,1781],{"class":1780},"srjyR","0x",[59,1783,1785],{"class":1784},"s_hVV","...",[59,1787,1788],{"class":69},">\n",[59,1790,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,1792,734],{"class":73},[59,1794,179],{"class":178},[59,1796,87],{"class":73},[59,1798,741],{"class":178},[59,1800,744],{"class":73},[59,1802,747],{"class":73},[59,1804,187],{"class":178},[59,1806,87],{"class":73},[59,1808,676],{"class":178},[59,1810,744],{"class":73},[59,1812,747],{"class":73},[59,1814,195],{"class":178},[59,1816,87],{"class":73},[59,1818,681],{"class":178},[59,1820,766],{"class":73},[59,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,1824,734],{"class":73},[59,1826,187],{"class":178},[59,1828,87],{"class":73},[59,1830,741],{"class":178},[59,1832,744],{"class":73},[59,1834,747],{"class":73},[59,1836,195],{"class":178},[59,1838,87],{"class":73},[59,1840,676],{"class":178},[59,1842,744],{"class":73},[59,1844,747],{"class":73},[59,1846,950],{"class":178},[59,1848,87],{"class":73},[59,1850,681],{"class":178},[59,1852,766],{"class":73},[59,1854,1855,1857],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,1856,179],{"class":178},[59,1858,512],{"class":65},[59,1860,1861,1863],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,1862,187],{"class":178},[59,1864,519],{"class":65},[45,1866,1868],{"id":1867},"faq","FAQ",[1127,1870,1872,1873,1875],{"id":1871},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1874,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1877,1878],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1127,1880,1882,1883,1885],{"id":1881},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1","Does ",[15,1884,17],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,1887,1888,1889,1891,1892,1895],{},"It starts at ",[15,1890,179],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,1893,1894],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1127,1897,1899,1900,999,1902,1905],{"id":1898},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist","Should I use ",[15,1901,17],{},[15,1903,1904],{},"range(len(list))","?",[20,1907,964,1908,1910],{},[15,1909,17],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1127,1912,1914,1915,1917],{"id":1913},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings","Can ",[15,1916,17],{}," be used with strings?",[20,1919,1920,1921,1923],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,1922,17],{}," can return each character with its index.",[45,1925,1927],{"id":1926},"see-also","See also",[29,1929,1930,1934,1940,1947],{},[32,1931,1932],{},[354,1933,357],{"href":356},[32,1935,1936],{},[354,1937,13,1938,536],{"href":532},[15,1939,535],{},[32,1941,1942],{},[354,1943,1944,1945,980],{"href":976},"How to use ",[15,1946,17],{},[32,1948,1949],{},[354,1950,1951],{"href":1490},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[1953,1954,1955],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":1957},[1958,1959,1961,1962,1964,1966,1968,1975,1976,1986],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":207,"depth":110,"text":1960},"What enumerate() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":539,"depth":110,"text":1963},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":775,"depth":110,"text":1965},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":983,"depth":110,"text":1967},"Using the start argument",{"id":1119,"depth":110,"text":1120,"children":1969},[1970,1971,1972,1974],{"id":1129,"depth":117,"text":1130},{"id":1231,"depth":117,"text":1232},{"id":1403,"depth":117,"text":1973},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":1494,"depth":117,"text":1495},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":1977},[1978,1980,1982,1984],{"id":1871,"depth":117,"text":1979},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":1881,"depth":117,"text":1981},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":1898,"depth":117,"text":1983},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":1913,"depth":117,"text":1985},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1987},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",[1995,3584,5287,6979,9114,11312,12830,15003,17208,19665,21503,24063,26157,28438,30383,32294,34289,35728,37363,39888,42050,43279,44650,46298,48619,50463,52445,54139,55392,57086,58837,60809,62559,64659,66019,67970,69533,71524,73319,75219,77661,79739,82379,84408,86371,88559,90563,92876,94558,96003,97197,98375,100215,102655,104359,106374,107898,109143,110306,111688,113759,115656,117430,119296,121415,123155,124617,126211,128134,129811,131746,133235,136019,137596,139155,141183,143135,144598,145787,147673,149084,150780,152334,153756,155159,157057,159451,161282],{"id":1996,"title":1997,"body":1998,"description":3578,"extension":1988,"meta":3579,"navigation":113,"path":3580,"seo":3581,"stem":3582,"__hash__":3583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1999,"toc":3550},[2000,2003,2010,2013,2024,2027,2029,2092,2094,2114,2119,2123,2128,2131,2146,2149,2175,2178,2180,2182,2197,2200,2225,2227,2284,2286,2301,2311,2322,2326,2329,2382,2384,2404,2407,2431,2438,2442,2447,2453,2455,2493,2495,2504,2510,2528,2531,2543,2547,2552,2556,2559,2580,2582,2640,2642,2650,2653,2657,2689,2691,2699,2702,2706,2711,2759,2761,2769,2773,2833,2835,2843,2846,2848,2852,2855,2878,2887,2903,2953,2955,2970,2981,2985,2988,3016,3023,3027,3032,3073,3075,3086,3089,3132,3134,3142,3146,3151,3173,3175,3184,3193,3197,3202,3224,3226,3297,3299,3347,3350,3353,3356,3437,3439,3470,3472,3476,3479,3483,3486,3490,3493,3497,3509,3513,3516,3518,3547],[10,2001,1997],{"id":2002},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2004,2005,2006,2009],{},"The ",[15,2007,2008],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2011,2012],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[29,2014,2015,2018,2021],{},[32,2016,2017],{},"a number without its negative sign",[32,2019,2020],{},"the distance between two numbers",[32,2022,2023],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2025,2026],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[45,2028,48],{"id":47},[50,2030,2032],{"className":52,"code":2031,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2033,2034,2053,2068],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2035,2036,2038,2040,2043,2045,2048,2051],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2037,715],{"class":135},[59,2039,139],{"class":73},[59,2041,2042],{"class":135},"abs",[59,2044,139],{"class":73},[59,2046,2047],{"class":69},"-",[59,2049,2050],{"class":178},"7",[59,2052,710],{"class":73},[59,2054,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2066],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2056,715],{"class":135},[59,2058,139],{"class":73},[59,2060,2042],{"class":135},[59,2062,139],{"class":73},[59,2064,2065],{"class":178},"3.5",[59,2067,710],{"class":73},[59,2069,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2085,2087,2090],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2071,715],{"class":135},[59,2073,139],{"class":73},[59,2075,2042],{"class":135},[59,2077,139],{"class":73},[59,2079,2047],{"class":69},[59,2081,195],{"class":178},[59,2083,2084],{"class":69},"+",[59,2086,950],{"class":178},[59,2088,2089],{"class":887},"j",[59,2091,710],{"class":73},[20,2093,168],{},[50,2095,2097],{"className":52,"code":2096,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2098,2099,2104,2109],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2100,2101],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2102,2103],{"class":178},"7\n",[59,2105,2106],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2107,2108],{"class":178},"3.5\n",[59,2110,2111],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2112,2113],{"class":178},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2115,201,2116,2118],{},[15,2117,2008],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[45,2120,2122],{"id":2121},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2124,2125,2127],{},[15,2126,2008],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2129,2130],{},"That means:",[29,2132,2133,2136,2139],{},[32,2134,2135],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[32,2137,2138],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[32,2140,2141,2143,2144],{},[15,2142,179],{}," stays ",[15,2145,179],{},[20,2147,2148],{},"Examples:",[29,2150,2151,2160,2168],{},[32,2152,2153,2156,2157],{},[15,2154,2155],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2158,2159],{},"5",[32,2161,2162,2156,2165],{},[15,2163,2164],{},"abs(9)",[15,2166,2167],{},"9",[32,2169,2170,2156,2173],{},[15,2171,2172],{},"abs(0)",[15,2174,179],{},[20,2176,2177],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[45,2179,362],{"id":361},[20,2181,365],{},[50,2183,2185],{"className":52,"code":2184,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"abs(x)\n",[15,2186,2187],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2188,2189,2191,2193,2195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2190,2042],{"class":135},[59,2192,139],{"class":73},[59,2194,1260],{"class":142},[59,2196,165],{"class":73},[20,2198,2199],{},"Here:",[29,2201,2202,2217,2222],{},[32,2203,2204,2206,2207,1208,2210,2213,2214,854],{},[15,2205,1260],{}," is usually an ",[15,2208,2209],{},"int",[15,2211,2212],{},"float",", or ",[15,2215,2216],{},"complex",[32,2218,2219,2221],{},[15,2220,2008],{}," returns a new value",[32,2223,2224],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2226,239],{},[50,2228,2230],{"className":52,"code":2229,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2231,2232,2245,2260,2264,2274],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2233,2234,2237,2239,2242],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2235,2236],{"class":65},"number ",[59,2238,70],{"class":69},[59,2240,2241],{"class":69}," -",[59,2243,2244],{"class":178},"12\n",[59,2246,2247,2249,2251,2254,2256,2258],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2248,692],{"class":65},[59,2250,70],{"class":69},[59,2252,2253],{"class":135}," abs",[59,2255,139],{"class":73},[59,2257,896],{"class":142},[59,2259,165],{"class":73},[59,2261,2262],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2263,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,2265,2266,2268,2270,2272],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,2267,715],{"class":135},[59,2269,139],{"class":73},[59,2271,896],{"class":142},[59,2273,165],{"class":73},[59,2275,2276,2278,2280,2282],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,2277,715],{"class":135},[59,2279,139],{"class":73},[59,2281,720],{"class":142},[59,2283,165],{"class":73},[20,2285,168],{},[50,2287,2289],{"className":52,"code":2288,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"-12\n12\n",[15,2290,2291,2297],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2292,2293,2295],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2294,2047],{"class":69},[59,2296,2244],{"class":178},[59,2298,2299],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2300,2244],{"class":178},[20,2302,2303,2304,2306,2307,2310],{},"Notice that ",[15,2305,896],{}," is still ",[15,2308,2309],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2312,2313,2314,2321],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[354,2315,2317,2320],{"href":2316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2318,2319],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[45,2323,2325],{"id":2324},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2327,2328],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[50,2330,2332],{"className":52,"code":2331,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2333,2334,2350,2365],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2335,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2337,715],{"class":135},[59,2339,139],{"class":73},[59,2341,2042],{"class":135},[59,2343,139],{"class":73},[59,2345,2047],{"class":69},[59,2347,671],{"class":178},[59,2349,710],{"class":73},[59,2351,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2363],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2353,715],{"class":135},[59,2355,139],{"class":73},[59,2357,2042],{"class":135},[59,2359,139],{"class":73},[59,2361,2362],{"class":178},"8",[59,2364,710],{"class":73},[59,2366,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2380],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2368,715],{"class":135},[59,2370,139],{"class":73},[59,2372,2042],{"class":135},[59,2374,139],{"class":73},[59,2376,2047],{"class":69},[59,2378,2379],{"class":178},"4.2",[59,2381,710],{"class":73},[20,2383,168],{},[50,2385,2387],{"className":52,"code":2386,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2388,2389,2394,2399],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2390,2391],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2392,2393],{"class":178},"10\n",[59,2395,2396],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2397,2398],{"class":178},"8\n",[59,2400,2401],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2402,2403],{"class":178},"4.2\n",[20,2405,2406],{},"What each line does:",[29,2408,2409,2417,2424],{},[32,2410,2411,2414,2415],{},[15,2412,2413],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2416,671],{},[32,2418,2419,2414,2422],{},[15,2420,2421],{},"abs(8)",[15,2423,2362],{},[32,2425,2426,2414,2429],{},[15,2427,2428],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2430,2379],{},[20,2432,2433,2434,358],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[354,2435,2437],{"href":2436},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[45,2439,2441],{"id":2440},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2443,2444,2446],{},[15,2445,2008],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2448,2449,2450,2452],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2451,179],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2454,239],{},[50,2456,2458],{"className":52,"code":2457,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2459,2460,2479],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2461,2462,2465,2467,2470,2473,2476],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2463,2464],{"class":65},"value ",[59,2466,70],{"class":69},[59,2468,2469],{"class":178}," 3",[59,2471,2472],{"class":69}," +",[59,2474,2475],{"class":178}," 4",[59,2477,2478],{"class":887},"j\n",[59,2480,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2482,715],{"class":135},[59,2484,139],{"class":73},[59,2486,2042],{"class":135},[59,2488,139],{"class":73},[59,2490,1217],{"class":142},[59,2492,710],{"class":73},[20,2494,168],{},[50,2496,2498],{"className":52,"code":2497,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5.0\n",[15,2499,2500],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2501,2502],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2503,2497],{"class":178},[20,2505,2506,2507,1905],{},"Why ",[15,2508,2509],{},"5.0",[29,2511,2512,2517,2523],{},[32,2513,2514,2515],{},"the real part is ",[15,2516,950],{},[32,2518,2519,2520],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2521,2522],{},"4",[32,2524,2525,2526],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2527,2509],{},[20,2529,2530],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[29,2532,2533,2540],{},[32,2534,2535,2537,2538],{},[15,2536,2008],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2539,2212],{},[32,2541,2542],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[45,2544,2546],{"id":2545},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2548,2549,2550,358],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2551,2008],{},[1127,2553,2555],{"id":2554},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2557,2558],{},"A very common pattern is:",[50,2560,2562],{"className":52,"code":2561,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2563,2564],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2565,2566,2568,2570,2573,2575,2578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2567,2042],{"class":135},[59,2569,139],{"class":73},[59,2571,2572],{"class":142},"a ",[59,2574,2047],{"class":69},[59,2576,2577],{"class":142}," b",[59,2579,165],{"class":73},[20,2581,239],{},[50,2583,2585],{"className":52,"code":2584,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2586,2587,2596,2606,2610,2629],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2588,2589,2591,2593],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2590,2572],{"class":65},[59,2592,70],{"class":69},[59,2594,2595],{"class":178}," 3\n",[59,2597,2598,2601,2603],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2599,2600],{"class":65},"b ",[59,2602,70],{"class":69},[59,2604,2605],{"class":178}," 10\n",[59,2607,2608],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2609,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,2611,2612,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,2613,2614],{"class":65},"distance ",[59,2616,70],{"class":69},[59,2618,2253],{"class":135},[59,2620,139],{"class":73},[59,2622,2572],{"class":142},[59,2624,2047],{"class":69},[59,2626,2577],{"class":142},[59,2628,165],{"class":73},[59,2630,2631,2633,2635,2638],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,2632,715],{"class":135},[59,2634,139],{"class":73},[59,2636,2637],{"class":142},"distance",[59,2639,165],{"class":73},[20,2641,168],{},[50,2643,2644],{"className":52,"code":2103,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,2645,2646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2647,2648],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2649,2103],{"class":178},[20,2651,2652],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1127,2654,2656],{"id":2655},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[50,2658,2660],{"className":52,"code":2659,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2661,2662,2674],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2663,2664,2667,2669,2671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2665,2666],{"class":65},"temperature_change ",[59,2668,70],{"class":69},[59,2670,2241],{"class":69},[59,2672,2673],{"class":178},"6\n",[59,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2687],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2677,715],{"class":135},[59,2679,139],{"class":73},[59,2681,2042],{"class":135},[59,2683,139],{"class":73},[59,2685,2686],{"class":142},"temperature_change",[59,2688,710],{"class":73},[20,2690,168],{},[50,2692,2693],{"className":52,"code":2673,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,2694,2695],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2696,2697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2698,2673],{"class":178},[20,2700,2701],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1127,2703,2705],{"id":2704},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2707,2708,2709,2321],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2710,2008],{},[50,2712,2714],{"className":52,"code":2713,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2715,2716,2728,2744,2748],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2717,2718,2721,2723,2725],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2719,2720],{"class":65},"balance_change ",[59,2722,70],{"class":69},[59,2724,2241],{"class":69},[59,2726,2727],{"class":178},"25\n",[59,2729,2730,2733,2735,2737,2739,2742],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2731,2732],{"class":65},"safe_value ",[59,2734,70],{"class":69},[59,2736,2253],{"class":135},[59,2738,139],{"class":73},[59,2740,2741],{"class":142},"balance_change",[59,2743,165],{"class":73},[59,2745,2746],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2747,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,2749,2750,2752,2754,2757],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,2751,715],{"class":135},[59,2753,139],{"class":73},[59,2755,2756],{"class":142},"safe_value",[59,2758,165],{"class":73},[20,2760,168],{},[50,2762,2763],{"className":52,"code":2727,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,2764,2765],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2766,2767],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2768,2727],{"class":178},[1127,2770,2772],{"id":2771},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[50,2774,2776],{"className":52,"code":2775,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2777,2778,2788,2798,2802,2822],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2779,2780,2783,2785],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2781,2782],{"class":65},"guess ",[59,2784,70],{"class":69},[59,2786,2787],{"class":178}," 42\n",[59,2789,2790,2793,2795],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2791,2792],{"class":65},"target ",[59,2794,70],{"class":69},[59,2796,2797],{"class":178}," 50\n",[59,2799,2800],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,2801,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,2803,2804,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2820],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,2805,2806],{"class":65},"difference ",[59,2808,70],{"class":69},[59,2810,2253],{"class":135},[59,2812,139],{"class":73},[59,2814,2782],{"class":142},[59,2816,2047],{"class":69},[59,2818,2819],{"class":142}," target",[59,2821,165],{"class":73},[59,2823,2824,2826,2828,2831],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,2825,715],{"class":135},[59,2827,139],{"class":73},[59,2829,2830],{"class":142},"difference",[59,2832,165],{"class":73},[20,2834,168],{},[50,2836,2837],{"className":52,"code":2398,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,2838,2839],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2840,2841],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2842,2398],{"class":178},[20,2844,2845],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[45,2847,1579],{"id":1578},[1127,2849,2851],{"id":2850},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2853,2854],{},"This causes an error:",[50,2856,2858],{"className":52,"code":2857,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2859,2860],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2861,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2863,715],{"class":135},[59,2865,139],{"class":73},[59,2867,2042],{"class":135},[59,2869,139],{"class":73},[59,2871,78],{"class":77},[59,2873,2159],{"class":81},[59,2875,78],{"class":77},[59,2877,710],{"class":73},[20,2879,2880,2883,2884,2886],{},[15,2881,2882],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2885,2008],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2888,2889,2890,2896,2897,1002],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[354,2891,2893],{"href":2892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2894,2895],{},"int()"," or ",[354,2898,2900],{"href":2899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2901,2902],{},"float()",[50,2904,2906],{"className":52,"code":2905,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2907,2908,2930],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2909,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2924,2926,2928],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2911,715],{"class":135},[59,2913,139],{"class":73},[59,2915,2042],{"class":135},[59,2917,139],{"class":73},[59,2919,2209],{"class":697},[59,2921,139],{"class":73},[59,2923,78],{"class":77},[59,2925,2159],{"class":81},[59,2927,78],{"class":77},[59,2929,1706],{"class":73},[59,2931,2932,2934,2936,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2949,2951],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2933,715],{"class":135},[59,2935,139],{"class":73},[59,2937,2042],{"class":135},[59,2939,139],{"class":73},[59,2941,2212],{"class":697},[59,2943,139],{"class":73},[59,2945,78],{"class":77},[59,2947,2948],{"class":81},"-3.2",[59,2950,78],{"class":77},[59,2952,1706],{"class":73},[20,2954,168],{},[50,2956,2958],{"className":52,"code":2957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2959,2960,2965],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2961,2962],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2963,2964],{"class":178},"5\n",[59,2966,2967],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,2968,2969],{"class":178},"3.2\n",[20,2971,2972,2973,2976,2977,358],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2974,2975],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[354,2978,2980],{"href":2979},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1127,2982,2984],{"id":2983},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2986,2987],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[50,2989,2991],{"className":52,"code":2990,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2992,2993],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,2994,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005,3007,3010,3012,3014],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,2996,715],{"class":135},[59,2998,139],{"class":73},[59,3000,2042],{"class":135},[59,3002,1629],{"class":73},[59,3004,187],{"class":178},[59,3006,87],{"class":73},[59,3008,3009],{"class":178}," 2",[59,3011,87],{"class":73},[59,3013,2469],{"class":178},[59,3015,1642],{"class":73},[20,3017,3018,3019,3022],{},"This raises a ",[15,3020,3021],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1127,3024,3026],{"id":3025},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3028,3029,3031],{},[15,3030,2008],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[50,3033,3035],{"className":52,"code":3034,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3036,3037,3049,3059,3063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3038,3039,3042,3044,3046],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3040,3041],{"class":65},"x ",[59,3043,70],{"class":69},[59,3045,2241],{"class":69},[59,3047,3048],{"class":178},"9\n",[59,3050,3051,3053,3055,3057],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3052,2042],{"class":135},[59,3054,139],{"class":73},[59,3056,1260],{"class":142},[59,3058,165],{"class":73},[59,3060,3061],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3062,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,3064,3065,3067,3069,3071],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,3066,715],{"class":135},[59,3068,139],{"class":73},[59,3070,1260],{"class":142},[59,3072,165],{"class":73},[20,3074,168],{},[50,3076,3078],{"className":52,"code":3077,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"-9\n",[15,3079,3080],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3081,3082,3084],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3083,2047],{"class":69},[59,3085,3048],{"class":178},[20,3087,3088],{},"If you want to store the result:",[50,3090,3092],{"className":52,"code":3091,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3093,3094,3104,3118,3122],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3095,3096,3098,3100,3102],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3097,3041],{"class":65},[59,3099,70],{"class":69},[59,3101,2241],{"class":69},[59,3103,3048],{"class":178},[59,3105,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3107,3041],{"class":65},[59,3109,70],{"class":69},[59,3111,2253],{"class":135},[59,3113,139],{"class":73},[59,3115,1260],{"class":142},[59,3117,165],{"class":73},[59,3119,3120],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3121,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,3123,3124,3126,3128,3130],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,3125,715],{"class":135},[59,3127,139],{"class":73},[59,3129,1260],{"class":142},[59,3131,165],{"class":73},[20,3133,168],{},[50,3135,3136],{"className":52,"code":3048,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,3137,3138],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3139,3140],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3141,3048],{"class":178},[1127,3143,3145],{"id":3144},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3147,3148,3150],{},[15,3149,2008],{}," does not round numbers.",[50,3152,3154],{"className":52,"code":3153,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3155,3156],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3157,3158,3160,3162,3164,3166,3168,3171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3159,715],{"class":135},[59,3161,139],{"class":73},[59,3163,2042],{"class":135},[59,3165,139],{"class":73},[59,3167,2047],{"class":69},[59,3169,3170],{"class":178},"4.7",[59,3172,710],{"class":73},[20,3174,168],{},[50,3176,3178],{"className":52,"code":3177,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"4.7\n",[15,3179,3180],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3181,3182],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3183,3177],{"class":178},[20,3185,3186,3187,3189,3190,3192],{},"If you expected ",[15,3188,2159],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3191,2008],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[45,3194,3196],{"id":3195},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3198,3199,3201],{},[15,3200,2008],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[29,3203,3204,3211,3218],{},[32,3205,3206,3208,3209],{},[15,3207,2209],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3210,2209],{},[32,3212,3213,3215,3216],{},[15,3214,2212],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3217,2212],{},[32,3219,3220,3215,3222],{},[15,3221,2216],{},[15,3223,2212],{},[20,3225,239],{},[50,3227,3229],{"className":52,"code":3228,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3230,3231,3252,3273],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3232,3233,3235,3237,3240,3242,3244,3246,3248,3250],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3234,715],{"class":135},[59,3236,139],{"class":73},[59,3238,3239],{"class":697},"type",[59,3241,139],{"class":73},[59,3243,2042],{"class":135},[59,3245,139],{"class":73},[59,3247,2047],{"class":69},[59,3249,2159],{"class":178},[59,3251,1706],{"class":73},[59,3253,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262,3264,3266,3268,3271],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3255,715],{"class":135},[59,3257,139],{"class":73},[59,3259,3239],{"class":697},[59,3261,139],{"class":73},[59,3263,2042],{"class":135},[59,3265,139],{"class":73},[59,3267,2047],{"class":69},[59,3269,3270],{"class":178},"3.2",[59,3272,1706],{"class":73},[59,3274,3275,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291,3293,3295],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3276,715],{"class":135},[59,3278,139],{"class":73},[59,3280,3239],{"class":697},[59,3282,139],{"class":73},[59,3284,2042],{"class":135},[59,3286,139],{"class":73},[59,3288,950],{"class":178},[59,3290,2472],{"class":69},[59,3292,2475],{"class":178},[59,3294,2089],{"class":887},[59,3296,1706],{"class":73},[20,3298,168],{},[50,3300,3302],{"className":52,"code":3301,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3303,3304,3319,3333],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3305,3306,3308,3311,3313,3315,3317],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3307,1769],{"class":69},[59,3309,3310],{"class":887},"class",[59,3312,1734],{"class":77},[59,3314,2209],{"class":81},[59,3316,1725],{"class":77},[59,3318,1788],{"class":69},[59,3320,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3322,1769],{"class":69},[59,3324,3310],{"class":887},[59,3326,1734],{"class":77},[59,3328,2212],{"class":81},[59,3330,1725],{"class":77},[59,3332,1788],{"class":69},[59,3334,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343,3345],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3336,1769],{"class":69},[59,3338,3310],{"class":887},[59,3340,1734],{"class":77},[59,3342,2212],{"class":81},[59,3344,1725],{"class":77},[59,3346,1788],{"class":69},[20,3348,3349],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3351,3352],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3354,3355],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[50,3357,3359],{"className":52,"code":3358,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3360,3361,3375,3385,3399,3403,3417],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3362,3363,3365,3367,3369,3372],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3364,2464],{"class":65},[59,3366,70],{"class":69},[59,3368,90],{"class":77},[59,3370,3371],{"class":81},"-5",[59,3373,3374],{"class":77},"\"\n",[59,3376,3377,3379,3381,3383],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3378,715],{"class":135},[59,3380,139],{"class":73},[59,3382,1217],{"class":142},[59,3384,165],{"class":73},[59,3386,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3388,715],{"class":135},[59,3390,139],{"class":73},[59,3392,3239],{"class":697},[59,3394,139],{"class":73},[59,3396,1217],{"class":142},[59,3398,710],{"class":73},[59,3400,3401],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,3402,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,3404,3405,3408,3410,3412,3415],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,3406,3407],{"class":65},"user_input ",[59,3409,70],{"class":69},[59,3411,90],{"class":77},[59,3413,3414],{"class":81},"-3.7",[59,3416,3374],{"class":77},[59,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3435],{"class":61,"line":3419},6,[59,3421,715],{"class":135},[59,3423,139],{"class":73},[59,3425,2042],{"class":135},[59,3427,139],{"class":73},[59,3429,2212],{"class":697},[59,3431,139],{"class":73},[59,3433,3434],{"class":142},"user_input",[59,3436,1706],{"class":73},[20,3438,168],{},[50,3440,3442],{"className":52,"code":3441,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3443,3444,3450,3465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3445,3446,3448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3447,2047],{"class":69},[59,3449,2964],{"class":178},[59,3451,3452,3454,3456,3458,3461,3463],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3453,1769],{"class":69},[59,3455,3310],{"class":887},[59,3457,1734],{"class":77},[59,3459,3460],{"class":81},"str",[59,3462,1725],{"class":77},[59,3464,1788],{"class":69},[59,3466,3467],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3468,3469],{"class":178},"3.7\n",[45,3471,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,3473,3475],{"id":3474},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3477,3478],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1127,3480,3482],{"id":3481},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3484,3485],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1127,3487,3489],{"id":3488},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3491,3492],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1127,3494,3496],{"id":3495},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3498,3499,3501,3502,2896,3504,3506,3507,358],{},[15,3500,2975],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3503,2895],{},[15,3505,2902],{}," before using ",[15,3508,2008],{},[1127,3510,3512],{"id":3511},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3514,3515],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[45,3517,1927],{"id":1926},[29,3519,3520,3526,3532,3538,3543],{},[32,3521,3522],{},[354,3523,3524,536],{"href":2892},[15,3525,2895],{},[32,3527,3528],{},[354,3529,3530,536],{"href":2899},[15,3531,2902],{},[32,3533,3534],{},[354,3535,3536,536],{"href":2316},[15,3537,2319],{},[32,3539,3540],{},[354,3541,3542],{"href":2979},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[32,3544,3545],{},[354,3546,2437],{"href":2436},[1953,3548,3549],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":3551},[3552,3553,3554,3555,3556,3557,3563,3569,3570,3577],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":2121,"depth":110,"text":2122},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":2324,"depth":110,"text":2325},{"id":2440,"depth":110,"text":2441},{"id":2545,"depth":110,"text":2546,"children":3558},[3559,3560,3561,3562],{"id":2554,"depth":117,"text":2555},{"id":2655,"depth":117,"text":2656},{"id":2704,"depth":117,"text":2705},{"id":2771,"depth":117,"text":2772},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":3564},[3565,3566,3567,3568],{"id":2850,"depth":117,"text":2851},{"id":2983,"depth":117,"text":2984},{"id":3025,"depth":117,"text":3026},{"id":3144,"depth":117,"text":3145},{"id":3195,"depth":110,"text":3196},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":3571},[3572,3573,3574,3575,3576],{"id":3474,"depth":117,"text":3475},{"id":3481,"depth":117,"text":3482},{"id":3488,"depth":117,"text":3489},{"id":3495,"depth":117,"text":3496},{"id":3511,"depth":117,"text":3512},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1997,"description":3578},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3585,"title":3586,"body":3587,"description":5281,"extension":1988,"meta":5282,"navigation":113,"path":5283,"seo":5284,"stem":5285,"__hash__":5286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3588,"toc":5245},[3589,3595,3601,3604,3621,3625,3680,3690,3695,3699,3718,3721,3737,3740,3744,3752,3769,3772,3812,3815,3822,3828,3903,3905,3937,3943,3947,3951,3990,3992,4001,4008,4012,4051,4053,4062,4072,4076,4130,4132,4140,4143,4146,4193,4195,4203,4209,4216,4221,4224,4227,4294,4296,4304,4307,4374,4376,4384,4398,4401,4413,4417,4423,4426,4428,4444,4446,4454,4457,4460,4463,4480,4483,4486,4516,4518,4531,4535,4539,4542,4557,4562,4565,4592,4599,4602,4642,4649,4655,4663,4666,4718,4725,4789,4794,4802,4805,4823,4829,4832,4974,4979,4984,4987,4998,5001,5055,5057,5065,5068,5127,5129,5137,5140,5150,5152,5157,5166,5175,5178,5184,5187,5196,5209,5211,5242],[10,3590,13,3592,18],{"id":3591},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3593,3594],{},"all()",[20,3596,3597,3598,3600],{},"Python’s ",[15,3599,3594],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3602,3603],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[29,3605,3606,3609,3612],{},[32,3607,3608],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[32,3610,3611],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[32,3613,3614,2414,3617,3620],{},[15,3615,3616],{},"all([])",[15,3618,3619],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[45,3622,3624],{"id":3623},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[50,3626,3628],{"className":52,"code":3627,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3629,3630,3650,3665],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3631,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3633,664],{"class":65},[59,3635,70],{"class":69},[59,3637,74],{"class":73},[59,3639,187],{"class":178},[59,3641,87],{"class":73},[59,3643,3009],{"class":178},[59,3645,87],{"class":73},[59,3647,2469],{"class":178},[59,3649,107],{"class":73},[59,3651,3652,3654,3656,3659,3661,3663],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3653,692],{"class":65},[59,3655,70],{"class":69},[59,3657,3658],{"class":135}," all",[59,3660,139],{"class":73},[59,3662,707],{"class":142},[59,3664,165],{"class":73},[59,3666,3667,3669,3671,3673,3676],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3668,715],{"class":135},[59,3670,139],{"class":73},[59,3672,720],{"class":142},[59,3674,3675],{"class":73},")",[59,3677,3679],{"class":3678},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3681,3682,2414,3684,3686,3687,358],{},[15,3683,3594],{},[15,3685,3619],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3688,3689],{},"False",[45,3691,208,3693,211],{"id":3692},"what-all-does",[15,3694,3594],{},[20,3696,3697,1002],{},[15,3698,3594],{},[29,3700,3701,3704,3710,3715],{},[32,3702,3703],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[32,3705,3706,3707,3709],{},"returns ",[15,3708,3619],{}," if all items are truthy",[32,3711,3706,3712,3714],{},[15,3713,3689],{}," if any item is falsy",[32,3716,3717],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3719,3720],{},"Basic syntax:",[50,3722,3724],{"className":52,"code":3723,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3725,3726],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3727,3728,3731,3733,3735],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3729,3730],{"class":135},"all",[59,3732,139],{"class":73},[59,3734,380],{"class":142},[59,3736,165],{"class":73},[20,3738,3739],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[45,3741,3743],{"id":3742},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3745,3746,3747,2896,3749,3751],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3748,3619],{},[15,3750,3689],{}," in conditions.",[29,3753,3754,3762],{},[32,3755,3756,3759,3760],{},[549,3757,3758],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3761,3619],{},[32,3763,3764,3759,3767],{},[549,3765,3766],{},"Falsy",[15,3768,3689],{},[20,3770,3771],{},"Common falsy values include:",[29,3773,3774,3778,3783,3788,3793,3797,3802,3807],{},[32,3775,3776],{},[15,3777,179],{},[32,3779,3780],{},[15,3781,3782],{},"0.0",[32,3784,3785],{},[15,3786,3787],{},"''",[32,3789,3790],{},[15,3791,3792],{},"None",[32,3794,3795],{},[15,3796,3689],{},[32,3798,3799],{},[15,3800,3801],{},"[]",[32,3803,3804],{},[15,3805,3806],{},"{}",[32,3808,3809],{},[15,3810,3811],{},"set()",[20,3813,3814],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3816,3817,3818,358],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[354,3819,3821],{"href":3820},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3823,3824,3825,1002],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3826,3827],{},"bool()",[50,3829,3831],{"className":52,"code":3830,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3832,3833,3871,3875],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3834,3835,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846,3849,3851,3854,3856,3858,3861,3863,3865,3869],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3836,3837],{"class":65},"values ",[59,3839,70],{"class":69},[59,3841,74],{"class":73},[59,3843,187],{"class":178},[59,3845,87],{"class":73},[59,3847,3848],{"class":178}," 0",[59,3850,87],{"class":73},[59,3852,3853],{"class":77}," ''",[59,3855,87],{"class":73},[59,3857,1734],{"class":77},[59,3859,3860],{"class":81},"hello",[59,3862,1725],{"class":77},[59,3864,87],{"class":73},[59,3866,3868],{"class":3867},"s39Yj"," None",[59,3870,107],{"class":73},[59,3872,3873],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3874,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,3876,3877,3879,3881,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3895,3897,3900],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,3878,715],{"class":135},[59,3880,1629],{"class":73},[59,3882,3883],{"class":697},"bool",[59,3885,139],{"class":73},[59,3887,1260],{"class":142},[59,3889,3675],{"class":73},[59,3891,958],{"class":120},[59,3893,3894],{"class":142}," x ",[59,3896,132],{"class":120},[59,3898,3899],{"class":142}," values",[59,3901,3902],{"class":73},"])\n",[20,3904,168],{},[50,3906,3908],{"className":52,"code":3907,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3909,3910],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3911,3912,3915,3917,3919,3922,3924,3926,3928,3931,3933,3935],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3913,3914],{"class":73},"[",[59,3916,3619],{"class":3867},[59,3918,87],{"class":73},[59,3920,3921],{"class":3867}," False",[59,3923,87],{"class":73},[59,3925,3921],{"class":3867},[59,3927,87],{"class":73},[59,3929,3930],{"class":3867}," True",[59,3932,87],{"class":73},[59,3934,3921],{"class":3867},[59,3936,107],{"class":73},[20,3938,3939,3940,3942],{},"This matters because ",[15,3941,3594],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[45,3944,3946],{"id":3945},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1127,3948,3950],{"id":3949},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[50,3952,3954],{"className":52,"code":3953,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3955,3956,3976],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3957,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,3959,664],{"class":65},[59,3961,70],{"class":69},[59,3963,74],{"class":73},[59,3965,187],{"class":178},[59,3967,87],{"class":73},[59,3969,3009],{"class":178},[59,3971,87],{"class":73},[59,3973,2469],{"class":178},[59,3975,107],{"class":73},[59,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,3979,715],{"class":135},[59,3981,139],{"class":73},[59,3983,3730],{"class":135},[59,3985,139],{"class":73},[59,3987,707],{"class":142},[59,3989,710],{"class":73},[20,3991,168],{},[50,3993,3995],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\n",[15,3996,3997],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,3998,3999],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4000,3994],{"class":3867},[20,4002,4003,4004,2414,4006,358],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4005,3594],{},[15,4007,3619],{},[1127,4009,4011],{"id":4010},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[50,4013,4015],{"className":52,"code":4014,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4016,4017,4037],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4018,4019,4021,4023,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4020,664],{"class":65},[59,4022,70],{"class":69},[59,4024,74],{"class":73},[59,4026,187],{"class":178},[59,4028,87],{"class":73},[59,4030,3848],{"class":178},[59,4032,87],{"class":73},[59,4034,2469],{"class":178},[59,4036,107],{"class":73},[59,4038,4039,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4040,715],{"class":135},[59,4042,139],{"class":73},[59,4044,3730],{"class":135},[59,4046,139],{"class":73},[59,4048,707],{"class":142},[59,4050,710],{"class":73},[20,4052,168],{},[50,4054,4056],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"False\n",[15,4057,4058],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4059,4060],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4061,4055],{"class":3867},[20,4063,4064,4065,4067,4068,2414,4070,358],{},"The value ",[15,4066,179],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4069,3594],{},[15,4071,3689],{},[1127,4073,4075],{"id":4074},"example-strings","Example: strings",[50,4077,4079],{"className":52,"code":4078,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4080,4081,4115],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4082,4083,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4111,4113],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4084,4085],{"class":65},"words ",[59,4087,70],{"class":69},[59,4089,74],{"class":73},[59,4091,1725],{"class":77},[59,4093,588],{"class":81},[59,4095,1725],{"class":77},[59,4097,87],{"class":73},[59,4099,1734],{"class":77},[59,4101,597],{"class":81},[59,4103,1725],{"class":77},[59,4105,87],{"class":73},[59,4107,1734],{"class":77},[59,4109,4110],{"class":81},"cherry",[59,4112,1725],{"class":77},[59,4114,107],{"class":73},[59,4116,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4128],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4118,715],{"class":135},[59,4120,139],{"class":73},[59,4122,3730],{"class":135},[59,4124,139],{"class":73},[59,4126,4127],{"class":142},"words",[59,4129,710],{"class":73},[20,4131,168],{},[50,4133,4134],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4135,4136],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4137,4138],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4139,3994],{"class":3867},[20,4141,4142],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4144,4145],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[50,4147,4149],{"className":52,"code":4148,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4150,4151,4179],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4152,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175,4177],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4154,4085],{"class":65},[59,4156,70],{"class":69},[59,4158,74],{"class":73},[59,4160,1725],{"class":77},[59,4162,588],{"class":81},[59,4164,1725],{"class":77},[59,4166,87],{"class":73},[59,4168,3853],{"class":77},[59,4170,87],{"class":73},[59,4172,1734],{"class":77},[59,4174,4110],{"class":81},[59,4176,1725],{"class":77},[59,4178,107],{"class":73},[59,4180,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4182,715],{"class":135},[59,4184,139],{"class":73},[59,4186,3730],{"class":135},[59,4188,139],{"class":73},[59,4190,4127],{"class":142},[59,4192,710],{"class":73},[20,4194,168],{},[50,4196,4197],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4198,4199],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4200,4201],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4202,4055],{"class":3867},[20,4204,4205,4206,4208],{},"The empty string ",[15,4207,3787],{}," is falsy.",[45,4210,4212,4213,4215],{"id":4211},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4214,3594],{}," works with conditions",[20,4217,4218,4220],{},[15,4219,3594],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4222,4223],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4225,4226],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[50,4228,4230],{"className":52,"code":4229,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4231,4232,4252,4280,4284],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4233,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4235,664],{"class":65},[59,4237,70],{"class":69},[59,4239,74],{"class":73},[59,4241,187],{"class":178},[59,4243,87],{"class":73},[59,4245,3009],{"class":178},[59,4247,87],{"class":73},[59,4249,2469],{"class":178},[59,4251,107],{"class":73},[59,4253,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4278],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4255,692],{"class":65},[59,4257,70],{"class":69},[59,4259,3658],{"class":135},[59,4261,139],{"class":73},[59,4263,3041],{"class":142},[59,4265,4266],{"class":69},">",[59,4268,3848],{"class":178},[59,4270,958],{"class":120},[59,4272,3894],{"class":142},[59,4274,132],{"class":120},[59,4276,4277],{"class":142}," numbers",[59,4279,165],{"class":73},[59,4281,4282],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,4283,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,4285,4286,4288,4290,4292],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,4287,715],{"class":135},[59,4289,139],{"class":73},[59,4291,720],{"class":142},[59,4293,165],{"class":73},[20,4295,168],{},[50,4297,4298],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4299,4300],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4301,4302],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4303,3994],{"class":3867},[20,4305,4306],{},"Here is one that fails:",[50,4308,4310],{"className":52,"code":4309,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4311,4312,4334,4360,4364],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4313,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4315,664],{"class":65},[59,4317,70],{"class":69},[59,4319,74],{"class":73},[59,4321,187],{"class":178},[59,4323,87],{"class":73},[59,4325,2241],{"class":69},[59,4327,195],{"class":178},[59,4329,87],{"class":73},[59,4331,2469],{"class":178},[59,4333,107],{"class":73},[59,4335,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4337,692],{"class":65},[59,4339,70],{"class":69},[59,4341,3658],{"class":135},[59,4343,139],{"class":73},[59,4345,3041],{"class":142},[59,4347,4266],{"class":69},[59,4349,3848],{"class":178},[59,4351,958],{"class":120},[59,4353,3894],{"class":142},[59,4355,132],{"class":120},[59,4357,4277],{"class":142},[59,4359,165],{"class":73},[59,4361,4362],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,4363,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,4367,715],{"class":135},[59,4369,139],{"class":73},[59,4371,720],{"class":142},[59,4373,165],{"class":73},[20,4375,168],{},[50,4377,4378],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4379,4380],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4381,4382],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4383,4055],{"class":3867},[20,4385,4386,4387,4390,4391,4393,4394,2414,4396,358],{},"The expression ",[15,4388,4389],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4392,3619],{},", then ",[15,4395,3594],{},[15,4397,3619],{},[20,4399,4400],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4402,4403,4404,4408,4409,358],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[354,4405,4407],{"href":4406},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[354,4410,4412],{"href":4411},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[45,4414,4416],{"id":4415},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4418,4419,2414,4421,358],{},[15,4420,3616],{},[15,4422,3619],{},[20,4424,4425],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4427,239],{},[50,4429,4431],{"className":52,"code":4430,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4432,4433],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4434,4435,4437,4439,4441],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4436,715],{"class":135},[59,4438,139],{"class":73},[59,4440,3730],{"class":135},[59,4442,4443],{"class":73},"([]))\n",[20,4445,168],{},[50,4447,4448],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4449,4450],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4451,4452],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4453,3994],{"class":3867},[20,4455,4456],{},"Why?",[20,4458,4459],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4461,4462],{},"Think of it this way:",[29,4464,4465,4472,4475],{},[32,4466,4467,2414,4469,4471],{},[15,4468,3594],{},[15,4470,3689],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[32,4473,4474],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[32,4476,4477,4478],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4479,3689],{},[20,4481,4482],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4484,4485],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[50,4487,4489],{"className":52,"code":4488,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4490,4491,4502],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4492,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4494,715],{"class":135},[59,4496,139],{"class":73},[59,4498,3730],{"class":135},[59,4500,4501],{"class":73},"(()))\n",[59,4503,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4505,715],{"class":135},[59,4507,139],{"class":73},[59,4509,3730],{"class":135},[59,4511,139],{"class":73},[59,4513,3787],{"class":77},[59,4515,710],{"class":73},[20,4517,168],{},[50,4519,4521],{"className":52,"code":4520,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4522,4523,4527],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4524,4525],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4526,3994],{"class":3867},[59,4528,4529],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4530,3994],{"class":3867},[45,4532,4534],{"id":4533},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1127,4536,4538],{"id":4537},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4540,4541],{},"This is wrong:",[50,4543,4545],{"className":52,"code":4544,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4546,4547,4552],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4548,4549],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4550,4551],{"class":3678},"# Wrong\n",[59,4553,4554],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4555,4556],{"class":3678},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4558,4559,4561],{},[15,4560,3594],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4563,4564],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[50,4566,4568],{"className":52,"code":4567,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4569,4570],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4571,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4573,715],{"class":135},[59,4575,139],{"class":73},[59,4577,3730],{"class":135},[59,4579,1629],{"class":73},[59,4581,187],{"class":178},[59,4583,87],{"class":73},[59,4585,3009],{"class":178},[59,4587,87],{"class":73},[59,4589,2469],{"class":178},[59,4591,1642],{"class":73},[1127,4593,4595,4596,4598],{"id":4594},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4597,3594],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4600,4601],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[50,4603,4605],{"className":52,"code":4604,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4606,4607,4628],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4608,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4622,4624,4626],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4610,664],{"class":65},[59,4612,70],{"class":69},[59,4614,74],{"class":73},[59,4616,2159],{"class":178},[59,4618,87],{"class":73},[59,4620,4621],{"class":178}," 5",[59,4623,87],{"class":73},[59,4625,4621],{"class":178},[59,4627,107],{"class":73},[59,4629,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4631,715],{"class":135},[59,4633,139],{"class":73},[59,4635,3730],{"class":135},[59,4637,139],{"class":73},[59,4639,707],{"class":142},[59,4641,710],{"class":73},[20,4643,4644,4645,4648],{},"This does ",[549,4646,4647],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4650,4651,4652,4654],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4653,2159],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[50,4656,4657],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,4658,4659],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4660,4661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4662,3994],{"class":3867},[20,4664,4665],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[50,4667,4669],{"className":52,"code":4668,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4670,4671,4691],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4672,4673,4675,4677,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687,4689],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4674,664],{"class":65},[59,4676,70],{"class":69},[59,4678,74],{"class":73},[59,4680,2159],{"class":178},[59,4682,87],{"class":73},[59,4684,4621],{"class":178},[59,4686,87],{"class":73},[59,4688,4621],{"class":178},[59,4690,107],{"class":73},[59,4692,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4694,715],{"class":135},[59,4696,139],{"class":73},[59,4698,3730],{"class":135},[59,4700,139],{"class":73},[59,4702,3041],{"class":142},[59,4704,4705],{"class":69},"==",[59,4707,4621],{"class":178},[59,4709,958],{"class":120},[59,4711,3894],{"class":142},[59,4713,132],{"class":120},[59,4715,4277],{"class":142},[59,4717,710],{"class":73},[1127,4719,4721,4722,4724],{"id":4720},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4723,179],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[50,4726,4728],{"className":52,"code":4727,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4729,4730,4756],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4731,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4753],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4733,715],{"class":135},[59,4735,139],{"class":73},[59,4737,3730],{"class":135},[59,4739,1629],{"class":73},[59,4741,187],{"class":178},[59,4743,87],{"class":73},[59,4745,3009],{"class":178},[59,4747,87],{"class":73},[59,4749,3848],{"class":178},[59,4751,4752],{"class":73},"]))",[59,4754,4755],{"class":3678},"       # False\n",[59,4757,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4759,715],{"class":135},[59,4761,139],{"class":73},[59,4763,3730],{"class":135},[59,4765,1629],{"class":73},[59,4767,1725],{"class":77},[59,4769,354],{"class":81},[59,4771,1725],{"class":77},[59,4773,87],{"class":73},[59,4775,1734],{"class":77},[59,4777,442],{"class":81},[59,4779,1725],{"class":77},[59,4781,87],{"class":73},[59,4783,3853],{"class":77},[59,4785,4752],{"class":73},[59,4787,4788],{"class":3678},"  # False\n",[20,4790,4791,4792,358],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4793,3689],{},[1127,4795,4797,4798,1205,4800],{"id":4796},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4799,3616],{},[15,4801,3619],{},[20,4803,4804],{},"This is expected behavior:",[50,4806,4808],{"className":52,"code":4807,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4809,4810],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4811,4812,4814,4816,4818,4821],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4813,715],{"class":135},[59,4815,139],{"class":73},[59,4817,3730],{"class":135},[59,4819,4820],{"class":73},"([]))",[59,4822,3679],{"class":3678},[20,4824,4825,4826,4828],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4827,3619],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4830,4831],{},"Useful quick tests:",[50,4833,4835],{"className":52,"code":4834,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4836,4837,4859,4881,4928,4964],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,4838,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,4840,715],{"class":135},[59,4842,139],{"class":73},[59,4844,3730],{"class":135},[59,4846,1629],{"class":73},[59,4848,187],{"class":178},[59,4850,87],{"class":73},[59,4852,3009],{"class":178},[59,4854,87],{"class":73},[59,4856,2469],{"class":178},[59,4858,1642],{"class":73},[59,4860,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,4862,715],{"class":135},[59,4864,139],{"class":73},[59,4866,3730],{"class":135},[59,4868,1629],{"class":73},[59,4870,187],{"class":178},[59,4872,87],{"class":73},[59,4874,3848],{"class":178},[59,4876,87],{"class":73},[59,4878,2469],{"class":178},[59,4880,1642],{"class":73},[59,4882,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,4884,715],{"class":135},[59,4886,1629],{"class":73},[59,4888,3883],{"class":697},[59,4890,139],{"class":73},[59,4892,1260],{"class":142},[59,4894,3675],{"class":73},[59,4896,958],{"class":120},[59,4898,3894],{"class":142},[59,4900,132],{"class":120},[59,4902,74],{"class":73},[59,4904,187],{"class":178},[59,4906,87],{"class":73},[59,4908,3848],{"class":178},[59,4910,87],{"class":73},[59,4912,3853],{"class":77},[59,4914,87],{"class":73},[59,4916,1734],{"class":77},[59,4918,3860],{"class":81},[59,4920,1725],{"class":77},[59,4922,87],{"class":73},[59,4924,3868],{"class":3867},[59,4926,4927],{"class":73},"]])\n",[59,4929,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,4931,715],{"class":135},[59,4933,139],{"class":73},[59,4935,3730],{"class":135},[59,4937,139],{"class":73},[59,4939,3041],{"class":142},[59,4941,4266],{"class":69},[59,4943,3848],{"class":178},[59,4945,958],{"class":120},[59,4947,3894],{"class":142},[59,4949,132],{"class":120},[59,4951,74],{"class":73},[59,4953,187],{"class":178},[59,4955,87],{"class":73},[59,4957,3009],{"class":178},[59,4959,87],{"class":73},[59,4961,2469],{"class":178},[59,4963,1642],{"class":73},[59,4965,4966,4968,4970,4972],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,4967,715],{"class":135},[59,4969,139],{"class":73},[59,4971,3730],{"class":135},[59,4973,4443],{"class":73},[45,4975,776,4977],{"id":4976},"when-to-use-all",[15,4978,3594],{},[20,4980,4981,4983],{},[15,4982,3594],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4985,4986],{},"Common use cases:",[29,4988,4989,4992,4995],{},[32,4990,4991],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[32,4993,4994],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[32,4996,4997],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4999,5000],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[50,5002,5004],{"className":52,"code":5003,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5005,5006,5041],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5007,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5019,5021,5023,5025,5028,5030,5032,5034,5037,5039],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5009,249],{"class":65},[59,5011,70],{"class":69},[59,5013,74],{"class":73},[59,5015,1725],{"class":77},[59,5017,5018],{"class":81},"Alice",[59,5020,1725],{"class":77},[59,5022,87],{"class":73},[59,5024,1734],{"class":77},[59,5026,5027],{"class":81},"Bob",[59,5029,1725],{"class":77},[59,5031,87],{"class":73},[59,5033,1734],{"class":77},[59,5035,5036],{"class":81},"Charlie",[59,5038,1725],{"class":77},[59,5040,107],{"class":73},[59,5042,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5044,715],{"class":135},[59,5046,139],{"class":73},[59,5048,3730],{"class":135},[59,5050,139],{"class":73},[59,5052,304],{"class":142},[59,5054,710],{"class":73},[20,5056,168],{},[50,5058,5059],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,5060,5061],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5062,5063],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5064,3994],{"class":3867},[20,5066,5067],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[50,5069,5071],{"className":52,"code":5070,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5072,5073,5097],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5074,5075,5078,5080,5082,5085,5087,5090,5092,5095],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5076,5077],{"class":65},"scores ",[59,5079,70],{"class":69},[59,5081,74],{"class":73},[59,5083,5084],{"class":178},"75",[59,5086,87],{"class":73},[59,5088,5089],{"class":178}," 80",[59,5091,87],{"class":73},[59,5093,5094],{"class":178}," 50",[59,5096,107],{"class":73},[59,5098,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5110,5113,5115,5117,5120,5122,5125],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5100,715],{"class":135},[59,5102,139],{"class":73},[59,5104,3730],{"class":135},[59,5106,139],{"class":73},[59,5108,5109],{"class":142},"score ",[59,5111,5112],{"class":69},">=",[59,5114,5094],{"class":178},[59,5116,958],{"class":120},[59,5118,5119],{"class":142}," score ",[59,5121,132],{"class":120},[59,5123,5124],{"class":142}," scores",[59,5126,710],{"class":73},[20,5128,168],{},[50,5130,5131],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,5132,5133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5134,5135],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5136,3994],{"class":3867},[20,5138,5139],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5141,5142,5143,4408,5147,358],{},"For related tasks, see ",[354,5144,5146],{"href":5145},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[354,5148,1491],{"href":5149},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[45,5151,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,5153,1872,5155,1875],{"id":5154},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5156,3594],{},[20,5158,5159,5160,5162,5163,5165],{},"It returns ",[15,5161,3619],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5164,3689],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1127,5167,5169,5170,5172,5173,1905],{"id":5168},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5171,3616],{}," return ",[15,5174,3619],{},[20,5176,5177],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1127,5179,1914,5181,5183],{"id":5180},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5182,3594],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5185,5186],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1127,5188,5190,5191,4408,5193,1905],{"id":5189},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5192,3594],{},[15,5194,5195],{},"any()",[20,5197,5198,5200,5201,5203,5204,358],{},[15,5199,3594],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5202,5195],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[354,5205,13,5207,536],{"href":5206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5208,5195],{},[45,5210,1927],{"id":1926},[29,5212,5213,5219,5223,5227,5232,5237],{},[32,5214,5215],{},[354,5216,13,5217,536],{"href":5206},[15,5218,5195],{},[32,5220,5221],{},[354,5222,3821],{"href":3820},[32,5224,5225],{},[354,5226,1951],{"href":5149},[32,5228,5229],{},[354,5230,5231],{"href":5145},"How to filter a list in Python",[32,5233,5234],{},[354,5235,5236],{"href":4406},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[32,5238,5239],{},[354,5240,5241],{"href":4411},"What is an iterable in Python",[1953,5243,5244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":5246},[5247,5248,5250,5251,5256,5258,5259,5268,5270,5280],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":3692,"depth":110,"text":5249},"What all() does",{"id":3742,"depth":110,"text":3743},{"id":3945,"depth":110,"text":3946,"children":5252},[5253,5254,5255],{"id":3949,"depth":117,"text":3950},{"id":4010,"depth":117,"text":4011},{"id":4074,"depth":117,"text":4075},{"id":4211,"depth":110,"text":5257},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4415,"depth":110,"text":4416},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":5260},[5261,5262,5264,5266],{"id":4537,"depth":117,"text":4538},{"id":4594,"depth":117,"text":5263},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4720,"depth":117,"text":5265},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4796,"depth":117,"text":5267},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4976,"depth":110,"text":5269},"When to use all()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":5271},[5272,5274,5276,5278],{"id":5154,"depth":117,"text":5273},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5168,"depth":117,"text":5275},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5180,"depth":117,"text":5277},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5189,"depth":117,"text":5279},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3586,"description":5281},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5288,"title":5289,"body":5290,"description":6974,"extension":1988,"meta":6975,"navigation":113,"path":5206,"seo":6976,"stem":6977,"__hash__":6978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5291,"toc":6952},[5292,5295,5303,5306,5320,5328,5372,5381,5385,5390,5393,5410,5413,5424,5436,5440,5443,5458,5463,5466,5478,5481,5566,5569,5590,5595,5597,5605,5619,5621,5655,5657,5660,5721,5723,5740,5743,5770,5772,5780,5792,5796,5799,5838,5840,5848,5850,5866,5874,5877,5920,5922,5930,5935,5939,5947,5950,5975,5978,5981,6054,6056,6064,6071,6095,6106,6109,6188,6190,6198,6205,6209,6214,6229,6231,6239,6242,6248,6251,6297,6299,6316,6320,6325,6336,6339,6453,6456,6515,6521,6523,6528,6532,6534,6553,6559,6562,6581,6585,6594,6621,6623,6631,6639,6643,6649,6672,6674,6682,6689,6693,6695,6746,6749,6800,6803,6805,6809,6816,6820,6827,6831,6839,6843,6846,6868,6870,6920,6922,6949],[10,5293,5289],{"id":5294},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5296,5297,5299,5300,358],{},[15,5298,5195],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[549,5301,5302],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5304,5305],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[29,5307,5308,5310,5312,5315,5317],{},[32,5309,224],{},[32,5311,227],{},[32,5313,5314],{},"sets",[32,5316,230],{},[32,5318,5319],{},"generator expressions",[20,5321,5322,5323,2896,5325,5327],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5324,3619],{},[15,5326,3689],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[50,5329,5331],{"className":52,"code":5330,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5332,5333,5353],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5334,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5349,5351],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5336,3837],{"class":65},[59,5338,70],{"class":69},[59,5340,74],{"class":73},[59,5342,179],{"class":178},[59,5344,87],{"class":73},[59,5346,3853],{"class":77},[59,5348,87],{"class":73},[59,5350,4621],{"class":178},[59,5352,107],{"class":73},[59,5354,5355,5357,5359,5362,5364,5367,5370],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5356,715],{"class":135},[59,5358,139],{"class":73},[59,5360,5361],{"class":135},"any",[59,5363,139],{"class":73},[59,5365,5366],{"class":142},"values",[59,5368,5369],{"class":73},"))",[59,5371,3679],{"class":3678},[20,5373,201,5374,5377,5378,5380],{},[15,5375,5376],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5379,3619],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[45,5382,5384],{"id":5383},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5386,5387,5389],{},[15,5388,5195],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5391,5392],{},"It returns:",[29,5394,5395,5400,5405],{},[32,5396,5397,5399],{},[15,5398,3619],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[32,5401,5402,5404],{},[15,5403,3689],{}," if all items are falsy",[32,5406,5407,5409],{},[15,5408,3689],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5411,5412],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[29,5414,5415,5418,5421],{},[32,5416,5417],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[32,5419,5420],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[32,5422,5423],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5425,5426,5427,5430,5431,358],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[549,5428,5429],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[354,5432,5434],{"href":5433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5435,3594],{},[45,5437,5439],{"id":5438},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5441,5442],{},"The syntax is simple:",[50,5444,5446],{"className":52,"code":5445,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5447,5448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5449,5450,5452,5454,5456],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5451,5361],{"class":135},[59,5453,139],{"class":73},[59,5455,380],{"class":142},[59,5457,165],{"class":73},[20,5459,5460,5461,358],{},"The argument must be an ",[549,5462,380],{},[20,5464,5465],{},"Common inputs include:",[29,5467,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476],{},[32,5469,224],{},[32,5471,227],{},[32,5473,5314],{},[32,5475,230],{},[32,5477,5319],{},[20,5479,5480],{},"For example:",[50,5482,5484],{"className":52,"code":5483,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5485,5486,5509,5528,5548],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5487,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5507],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5489,715],{"class":135},[59,5491,139],{"class":73},[59,5493,5361],{"class":135},[59,5495,1629],{"class":73},[59,5497,179],{"class":178},[59,5499,87],{"class":73},[59,5501,3848],{"class":178},[59,5503,87],{"class":73},[59,5505,5506],{"class":178}," 1",[59,5508,1642],{"class":73},[59,5510,5511,5513,5515,5517,5520,5522,5524,5526],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5512,715],{"class":135},[59,5514,139],{"class":73},[59,5516,5361],{"class":135},[59,5518,5519],{"class":73},"((",[59,5521,3689],{"class":3867},[59,5523,87],{"class":73},[59,5525,3921],{"class":3867},[59,5527,1706],{"class":73},[59,5529,5530,5532,5534,5536,5539,5541,5543,5545],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,5531,715],{"class":135},[59,5533,139],{"class":73},[59,5535,5361],{"class":135},[59,5537,5538],{"class":73},"({",[59,5540,179],{"class":178},[59,5542,87],{"class":73},[59,5544,3009],{"class":178},[59,5546,5547],{"class":73},"}))\n",[59,5549,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,5551,715],{"class":135},[59,5553,139],{"class":73},[59,5555,5361],{"class":135},[59,5557,139],{"class":73},[59,5559,78],{"class":77},[59,5561,3860],{"class":81},[59,5563,78],{"class":77},[59,5565,710],{"class":73},[20,5567,5568],{},"Expected output:",[50,5570,5572],{"className":52,"code":5571,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5573,5574,5578,5582,5586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5575,5576],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5577,3994],{"class":3867},[59,5579,5580],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5581,4055],{"class":3867},[59,5583,5584],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,5585,3994],{"class":3867},[59,5587,5588],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,5589,3994],{"class":3867},[20,5591,5592,5593,358],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[354,5594,1491],{"href":1490},[45,5596,3743],{"id":3742},[20,5598,3746,5599,2896,5602,3751],{},[549,5600,5601],{},"truthy",[549,5603,5604],{},"falsy",[29,5606,5607,5613],{},[32,5608,5609,3759,5611],{},[549,5610,3758],{},[15,5612,3619],{},[32,5614,5615,3759,5617],{},[549,5616,3766],{},[15,5618,3689],{},[20,5620,3771],{},[29,5622,5623,5627,5631,5635,5639,5643,5647,5651],{},[32,5624,5625],{},[15,5626,3689],{},[32,5628,5629],{},[15,5630,179],{},[32,5632,5633],{},[15,5634,3782],{},[32,5636,5637],{},[15,5638,3787],{},[32,5640,5641],{},[15,5642,3801],{},[32,5644,5645],{},[15,5646,3806],{},[32,5648,5649],{},[15,5650,3811],{},[32,5652,5653],{},[15,5654,3792],{},[20,5656,3814],{},[20,5658,5659],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[50,5661,5663],{"className":52,"code":5662,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5664,5665,5679,5697],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5666,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5668,715],{"class":135},[59,5670,139],{"class":73},[59,5672,5361],{"class":135},[59,5674,1629],{"class":73},[59,5676,187],{"class":178},[59,5678,1642],{"class":73},[59,5680,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693,5695],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5682,715],{"class":135},[59,5684,139],{"class":73},[59,5686,5361],{"class":135},[59,5688,1629],{"class":73},[59,5690,1725],{"class":77},[59,5692,3860],{"class":81},[59,5694,1725],{"class":77},[59,5696,1642],{"class":73},[59,5698,5699,5701,5703,5705,5708,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,5700,715],{"class":135},[59,5702,139],{"class":73},[59,5704,5361],{"class":135},[59,5706,5707],{"class":73},"([[",[59,5709,187],{"class":178},[59,5711,87],{"class":73},[59,5713,3009],{"class":178},[59,5715,87],{"class":73},[59,5717,2469],{"class":178},[59,5719,5720],{"class":73},"]]))\n",[20,5722,5568],{},[50,5724,5726],{"className":52,"code":5725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5727,5728,5732,5736],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5729,5730],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5731,3994],{"class":3867},[59,5733,5734],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5735,3994],{"class":3867},[59,5737,5738],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,5739,3994],{"class":3867},[20,5741,5742],{},"And these are all falsy:",[50,5744,5746],{"className":52,"code":5745,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5747,5748],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5749,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5751,715],{"class":135},[59,5753,139],{"class":73},[59,5755,5361],{"class":135},[59,5757,1629],{"class":73},[59,5759,179],{"class":178},[59,5761,87],{"class":73},[59,5763,3853],{"class":77},[59,5765,87],{"class":73},[59,5767,3868],{"class":3867},[59,5769,1642],{"class":73},[20,5771,5568],{},[50,5773,5774],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,5775,5776],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5777,5778],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5779,4055],{"class":3867},[20,5781,5782,5783,4408,5786,358],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[354,5784,3821],{"href":5785},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[354,5787,5789,5791],{"href":5788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5790,3827],{}," explained",[45,5793,5795],{"id":5794},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5797,5798],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[50,5800,5802],{"className":52,"code":5801,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5803,5804,5824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5805,5806,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5807,3837],{"class":65},[59,5809,70],{"class":69},[59,5811,74],{"class":73},[59,5813,179],{"class":178},[59,5815,87],{"class":73},[59,5817,3853],{"class":77},[59,5819,87],{"class":73},[59,5821,4621],{"class":178},[59,5823,107],{"class":73},[59,5825,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5827,715],{"class":135},[59,5829,139],{"class":73},[59,5831,5361],{"class":135},[59,5833,139],{"class":73},[59,5835,5366],{"class":142},[59,5837,710],{"class":73},[20,5839,168],{},[50,5841,5842],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,5843,5844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5845,5846],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5847,3994],{"class":3867},[20,5849,4456],{},[29,5851,5852,5857,5861],{},[32,5853,5854,5856],{},[15,5855,179],{}," is falsy",[32,5858,5859,5856],{},[15,5860,3787],{},[32,5862,5863,5865],{},[15,5864,2159],{}," is truthy",[20,5867,5868,5869,2414,5872,358],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5870,5871],{},"any(values)",[15,5873,3619],{},[20,5875,5876],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[50,5878,5880],{"className":52,"code":5879,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5881,5882,5906],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5883,5884,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5885,3837],{"class":65},[59,5887,70],{"class":69},[59,5889,74],{"class":73},[59,5891,179],{"class":178},[59,5893,87],{"class":73},[59,5895,3853],{"class":77},[59,5897,87],{"class":73},[59,5899,3868],{"class":3867},[59,5901,87],{"class":73},[59,5903,3921],{"class":3867},[59,5905,107],{"class":73},[59,5907,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,5909,715],{"class":135},[59,5911,139],{"class":73},[59,5913,5361],{"class":135},[59,5915,139],{"class":73},[59,5917,5366],{"class":142},[59,5919,710],{"class":73},[20,5921,168],{},[50,5923,5924],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,5925,5926],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5927,5928],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5929,4055],{"class":3867},[20,5931,5932,5933,358],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5934,3689],{},[45,5936,5938],{"id":5937},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5940,5941,5943,5944,358],{},[15,5942,5195],{}," is often used with a ",[549,5945,5946],{},"generator expression",[20,5948,5949],{},"This is a common pattern:",[50,5951,5953],{"className":52,"code":5952,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5954,5955],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5956,5957,5959,5961,5964,5966,5968,5970,5973],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5958,5361],{"class":135},[59,5960,139],{"class":73},[59,5962,5963],{"class":142},"condition ",[59,5965,121],{"class":120},[59,5967,1288],{"class":142},[59,5969,132],{"class":120},[59,5971,5972],{"class":142}," items",[59,5974,165],{"class":73},[20,5976,5977],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5979,5980],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[50,5982,5984],{"className":52,"code":5983,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5985,5986,6013,6017,6044],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,5987,5988,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,5989,664],{"class":65},[59,5991,70],{"class":69},[59,5993,74],{"class":73},[59,5995,2522],{"class":178},[59,5997,87],{"class":73},[59,5999,6000],{"class":178}," 7",[59,6002,87],{"class":73},[59,6004,2241],{"class":69},[59,6006,195],{"class":178},[59,6008,87],{"class":73},[59,6010,741],{"class":178},[59,6012,107],{"class":73},[59,6014,6015],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6016,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,6018,6019,6021,6023,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,6020,692],{"class":65},[59,6022,70],{"class":69},[59,6024,6025],{"class":135}," any",[59,6027,139],{"class":73},[59,6029,3041],{"class":142},[59,6031,1769],{"class":69},[59,6033,3848],{"class":178},[59,6035,958],{"class":120},[59,6037,3894],{"class":142},[59,6039,132],{"class":120},[59,6041,4277],{"class":142},[59,6043,165],{"class":73},[59,6045,6046,6048,6050,6052],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,6047,715],{"class":135},[59,6049,139],{"class":73},[59,6051,720],{"class":142},[59,6053,165],{"class":73},[20,6055,168],{},[50,6057,6058],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6059,6060],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6061,6062],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6063,3994],{"class":3867},[20,6065,6066,6067,6070],{},"This works because ",[15,6068,6069],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[29,6072,6073,6081,6088],{},[32,6074,6075,6078,6079],{},[15,6076,6077],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6080,3689],{},[32,6082,6083,6078,6086],{},[15,6084,6085],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6087,3689],{},[32,6089,6090,6078,6093],{},[15,6091,6092],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6094,3619],{},[20,6096,6097,6098,6100,6101,6103,6104,358],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6099,3619],{}," result, ",[15,6102,5195],{}," can return ",[15,6105,3619],{},[20,6107,6108],{},"Here is another example:",[50,6110,6112],{"className":52,"code":6111,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6113,6114,6143,6147,6177],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6115,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6117,4085],{"class":65},[59,6119,70],{"class":69},[59,6121,74],{"class":73},[59,6123,78],{"class":77},[59,6125,588],{"class":81},[59,6127,78],{"class":77},[59,6129,87],{"class":73},[59,6131,6132],{"class":77}," \"\"",[59,6134,87],{"class":73},[59,6136,90],{"class":77},[59,6138,597],{"class":81},[59,6140,78],{"class":77},[59,6142,107],{"class":73},[59,6144,6145],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6146,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,6148,6149,6152,6154,6156,6158,6161,6163,6165,6167,6170,6172,6175],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,6150,6151],{"class":65},"has_empty_string ",[59,6153,70],{"class":69},[59,6155,6025],{"class":135},[59,6157,139],{"class":73},[59,6159,6160],{"class":142},"word ",[59,6162,4705],{"class":69},[59,6164,6132],{"class":77},[59,6166,958],{"class":120},[59,6168,6169],{"class":142}," word ",[59,6171,132],{"class":120},[59,6173,6174],{"class":142}," words",[59,6176,165],{"class":73},[59,6178,6179,6181,6183,6186],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,6180,715],{"class":135},[59,6182,139],{"class":73},[59,6184,6185],{"class":142},"has_empty_string",[59,6187,165],{"class":73},[20,6189,168],{},[50,6191,6192],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6193,6194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6195,6196],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6197,3994],{"class":3867},[20,6199,6200,6201,358],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[354,6202,6204],{"href":6203},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[45,6206,6208],{"id":6207},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6210,6211,6212,1002],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6213,3689],{},[50,6215,6217],{"className":52,"code":6216,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6218,6219],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6220,6221,6223,6225,6227],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6222,715],{"class":135},[59,6224,139],{"class":73},[59,6226,5361],{"class":135},[59,6228,4443],{"class":73},[20,6230,168],{},[50,6232,6233],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6234,6235],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6236,6237],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6238,4055],{"class":3867},[20,6240,6241],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6243,6244,6245,6247],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6246,5195],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6249,6250],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[50,6252,6254],{"className":52,"code":6253,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6255,6256,6266,6281],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6257,6258,6260,6262,6264],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6259,715],{"class":135},[59,6261,139],{"class":73},[59,6263,5361],{"class":135},[59,6265,4501],{"class":73},[59,6267,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6279],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6269,715],{"class":135},[59,6271,139],{"class":73},[59,6273,5361],{"class":135},[59,6275,139],{"class":73},[59,6277,6278],{"class":77},"\"\"",[59,6280,710],{"class":73},[59,6282,6283,6285,6287,6289,6291,6294],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,6284,715],{"class":135},[59,6286,139],{"class":73},[59,6288,5361],{"class":135},[59,6290,139],{"class":73},[59,6292,6293],{"class":697},"set",[59,6295,6296],{"class":73},"()))\n",[20,6298,168],{},[50,6300,6302],{"className":52,"code":6301,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6303,6304,6308,6312],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6305,6306],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6307,4055],{"class":3867},[59,6309,6310],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6311,4055],{"class":3867},[59,6313,6314],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,6315,4055],{"class":3867},[45,6317,6319],{"id":6318},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6321,201,6322,6324],{},[15,6323,5195],{}," when you want to:",[29,6326,6327,6330,6333],{},[32,6328,6329],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[32,6331,6332],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[32,6334,6335],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6337,6338],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[50,6340,6342],{"className":52,"code":6341,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6343,6344,6369,6373,6383,6387,6400,6419,6430,6436,6441],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6345,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6367],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6347,664],{"class":65},[59,6349,70],{"class":69},[59,6351,74],{"class":73},[59,6353,187],{"class":178},[59,6355,87],{"class":73},[59,6357,2469],{"class":178},[59,6359,87],{"class":73},[59,6361,4621],{"class":178},[59,6363,87],{"class":73},[59,6365,6366],{"class":178}," 8",[59,6368,107],{"class":73},[59,6370,6371],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6372,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,6374,6375,6378,6380],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,6376,6377],{"class":65},"found_even ",[59,6379,70],{"class":69},[59,6381,6382],{"class":3867}," False\n",[59,6384,6385],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,6386,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,6388,6389,6391,6394,6396,6398],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,6390,121],{"class":120},[59,6392,6393],{"class":65}," number ",[59,6395,132],{"class":120},[59,6397,4277],{"class":65},[59,6399,1561],{"class":73},[59,6401,6402,6405,6407,6410,6412,6415,6417],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,6403,6404],{"class":120},"    if",[59,6406,6393],{"class":65},[59,6408,6409],{"class":69},"%",[59,6411,3009],{"class":178},[59,6413,6414],{"class":69}," ==",[59,6416,3848],{"class":178},[59,6418,1561],{"class":73},[59,6420,6422,6425,6427],{"class":61,"line":6421},7,[59,6423,6424],{"class":65},"        found_even ",[59,6426,70],{"class":69},[59,6428,6429],{"class":3867}," True\n",[59,6431,6433],{"class":61,"line":6432},8,[59,6434,6435],{"class":120},"        break\n",[59,6437,6439],{"class":61,"line":6438},9,[59,6440,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,6442,6444,6446,6448,6451],{"class":61,"line":6443},10,[59,6445,715],{"class":135},[59,6447,139],{"class":73},[59,6449,6450],{"class":142},"found_even",[59,6452,165],{"class":73},[20,6454,6455],{},"You can write:",[50,6457,6459],{"className":52,"code":6458,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6460,6461,6485],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6462,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6464,664],{"class":65},[59,6466,70],{"class":69},[59,6468,74],{"class":73},[59,6470,187],{"class":178},[59,6472,87],{"class":73},[59,6474,2469],{"class":178},[59,6476,87],{"class":73},[59,6478,4621],{"class":178},[59,6480,87],{"class":73},[59,6482,6366],{"class":178},[59,6484,107],{"class":73},[59,6486,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6488,715],{"class":135},[59,6490,139],{"class":73},[59,6492,5361],{"class":135},[59,6494,139],{"class":73},[59,6496,2236],{"class":142},[59,6498,6409],{"class":69},[59,6500,3009],{"class":178},[59,6502,6414],{"class":69},[59,6504,3848],{"class":178},[59,6506,958],{"class":120},[59,6508,6393],{"class":142},[59,6510,132],{"class":120},[59,6512,4277],{"class":142},[59,6514,710],{"class":73},[20,6516,6517,6518,6520],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6519,5195],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[45,6522,4534],{"id":4533},[20,6524,6525,6526,358],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6527,5195],{},[1127,6529,6531],{"id":6530},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6533,4541],{},[50,6535,6537],{"className":52,"code":6536,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6538,6539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6542,715],{"class":135},[59,6544,139],{"class":73},[59,6546,5361],{"class":135},[59,6548,139],{"class":73},[59,6550,2159],{"class":178},[59,6552,710],{"class":73},[20,6554,6555,6556,6558],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6557,2159],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6560,6561],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[50,6563,6565],{"className":52,"code":6564,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6566,6567],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6570,715],{"class":135},[59,6572,139],{"class":73},[59,6574,5361],{"class":135},[59,6576,1629],{"class":73},[59,6578,2159],{"class":178},[59,6580,1642],{"class":73},[1127,6582,6584],{"id":6583},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6586,6587,6589,6590,6593],{},[15,6588,5195],{}," needs only ",[549,6591,6592],{},"one"," truthy item.",[50,6595,6597],{"className":52,"code":6596,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6598,6599],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6600,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6602,715],{"class":135},[59,6604,139],{"class":73},[59,6606,5361],{"class":135},[59,6608,1629],{"class":73},[59,6610,3689],{"class":3867},[59,6612,87],{"class":73},[59,6614,3921],{"class":3867},[59,6616,87],{"class":73},[59,6618,3930],{"class":3867},[59,6620,1642],{"class":73},[20,6622,168],{},[50,6624,6625],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6626,6627],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6628,6629],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6630,3994],{"class":3867},[20,6632,6633,6634,6638],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[354,6635,6636],{"href":5433},[15,6637,3594],{}," instead.",[1127,6640,6642],{"id":6641},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6644,6645,6646,358],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6647,6648],{},"\"True\"",[50,6650,6652],{"className":52,"code":6651,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6653,6654],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6655,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6657,715],{"class":135},[59,6659,139],{"class":73},[59,6661,5361],{"class":135},[59,6663,1629],{"class":73},[59,6665,78],{"class":77},[59,6667,3689],{"class":81},[59,6669,78],{"class":77},[59,6671,1642],{"class":73},[20,6673,168],{},[50,6675,6676],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6677,6678],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6679,6680],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6681,3994],{"class":3867},[20,6683,6684,6685,6688],{},"That is because ",[15,6686,6687],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1127,6690,6692],{"id":6691},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6694,1241],{},[50,6696,6698],{"className":52,"code":6697,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6699,6700,6720],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6701,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6703,664],{"class":65},[59,6705,70],{"class":69},[59,6707,74],{"class":73},[59,6709,187],{"class":178},[59,6711,87],{"class":73},[59,6713,3009],{"class":178},[59,6715,87],{"class":73},[59,6717,2469],{"class":178},[59,6719,107],{"class":73},[59,6721,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6723,715],{"class":135},[59,6725,139],{"class":73},[59,6727,5361],{"class":135},[59,6729,1629],{"class":73},[59,6731,3041],{"class":142},[59,6733,4266],{"class":69},[59,6735,3009],{"class":178},[59,6737,958],{"class":120},[59,6739,3894],{"class":142},[59,6741,132],{"class":120},[59,6743,4277],{"class":142},[59,6745,1642],{"class":73},[20,6747,6748],{},"But this is usually better:",[50,6750,6752],{"className":52,"code":6751,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6753,6754,6774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6755,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6757,664],{"class":65},[59,6759,70],{"class":69},[59,6761,74],{"class":73},[59,6763,187],{"class":178},[59,6765,87],{"class":73},[59,6767,3009],{"class":178},[59,6769,87],{"class":73},[59,6771,2469],{"class":178},[59,6773,107],{"class":73},[59,6775,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6777,715],{"class":135},[59,6779,139],{"class":73},[59,6781,5361],{"class":135},[59,6783,139],{"class":73},[59,6785,3041],{"class":142},[59,6787,4266],{"class":69},[59,6789,3009],{"class":178},[59,6791,958],{"class":120},[59,6793,3894],{"class":142},[59,6795,132],{"class":120},[59,6797,4277],{"class":142},[59,6799,710],{"class":73},[20,6801,6802],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[45,6804,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,6806,6808],{"id":6807},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6810,5159,6811,6813,6814,358],{},[15,6812,3619],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6815,3689],{},[1127,6817,6819],{"id":6818},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6821,6822,2414,6824,6826],{},[15,6823,5195],{},[15,6825,3689],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1127,6828,6830],{"id":6829},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6832,6833,6835,6836,6838],{},[15,6834,5195],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6837,3594],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1127,6840,6842],{"id":6841},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6844,6845],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[50,6847,6848],{"className":52,"code":5952,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6849,6850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6851,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6853,5361],{"class":135},[59,6855,139],{"class":73},[59,6857,5963],{"class":142},[59,6859,121],{"class":120},[59,6861,1288],{"class":142},[59,6863,132],{"class":120},[59,6865,5972],{"class":142},[59,6867,165],{"class":73},[20,6869,5480],{},[50,6871,6872],{"className":52,"code":6751,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,6873,6874,6894],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,6875,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,6877,664],{"class":65},[59,6879,70],{"class":69},[59,6881,74],{"class":73},[59,6883,187],{"class":178},[59,6885,87],{"class":73},[59,6887,3009],{"class":178},[59,6889,87],{"class":73},[59,6891,2469],{"class":178},[59,6893,107],{"class":73},[59,6895,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,6897,715],{"class":135},[59,6899,139],{"class":73},[59,6901,5361],{"class":135},[59,6903,139],{"class":73},[59,6905,3041],{"class":142},[59,6907,4266],{"class":69},[59,6909,3009],{"class":178},[59,6911,958],{"class":120},[59,6913,3894],{"class":142},[59,6915,132],{"class":120},[59,6917,4277],{"class":142},[59,6919,710],{"class":73},[45,6921,1927],{"id":1926},[29,6923,6924,6930,6934,6938,6943],{},[32,6925,6926],{},[354,6927,6928,536],{"href":5433},[15,6929,3594],{},[32,6931,6932],{},[354,6933,3821],{"href":5785},[32,6935,6936],{},[354,6937,1951],{"href":1490},[32,6939,6940],{},[354,6941,6942],{"href":6203},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,6944,6945],{},[354,6946,6947,536],{"href":5788},[15,6948,3827],{},[1953,6950,6951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":6953},[6954,6955,6956,6957,6958,6959,6960,6961,6967,6973],{"id":5383,"depth":110,"text":5384},{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439},{"id":3742,"depth":110,"text":3743},{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":5937,"depth":110,"text":5938},{"id":6207,"depth":110,"text":6208},{"id":6318,"depth":110,"text":6319},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":6962},[6963,6964,6965,6966],{"id":6530,"depth":117,"text":6531},{"id":6583,"depth":117,"text":6584},{"id":6641,"depth":117,"text":6642},{"id":6691,"depth":117,"text":6692},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":6968},[6969,6970,6971,6972],{"id":6807,"depth":117,"text":6808},{"id":6818,"depth":117,"text":6819},{"id":6829,"depth":117,"text":6830},{"id":6841,"depth":117,"text":6842},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5289,"description":6974},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6980,"title":6981,"body":6982,"description":9108,"extension":1988,"meta":9109,"navigation":113,"path":9110,"seo":9111,"stem":9112,"__hash__":9113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6983,"toc":9071},[6984,6987,6996,7006,7008,7105,7107,7136,7152,7156,7161,7164,7174,7180,7186,7202,7204,7212,7219,7223,7226,7241,7246,7264,7269,7271,7319,7321,7338,7342,7348,7351,7386,7388,7494,7496,7533,7537,7545,7547,7567,7569,7690,7692,7721,7724,7747,7749,7757,7765,7769,7775,7779,7818,7820,7828,7831,7859,7861,7869,7873,7902,7904,7912,7944,7946,7954,7958,8009,8011,8019,8027,8031,8034,8086,8088,8108,8115,8119,8125,8128,8136,8158,8160,8168,8176,8199,8201,8209,8214,8219,8231,8233,8274,8285,8289,8298,8301,8304,8362,8365,8417,8420,8425,8440,8446,8448,8453,8462,8465,8487,8489,8497,8502,8505,8540,8542,8550,8554,8559,8597,8609,8612,8667,8675,8679,8682,8704,8712,8715,8756,8758,8781,8787,8793,8808,8810,8830,8833,8852,8854,8873,8877,8883,8962,8965,8979,8986,8988,8992,8999,9003,9007,9011,9016,9020,9025,9029,9036,9038,9068],[10,6985,6981],{"id":6986},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6988,2005,6989,6991,6992,2896,6994,358],{},[15,6990,3827],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6993,3619],{},[15,6995,3689],{},[20,6997,6998,6999,7001,7002,7005],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7000,3827],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7003,7004],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[45,7007,3624],{"id":3623},[50,7009,7011],{"className":52,"code":7010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7012,7013,7027,7041,7055,7073,7083],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7014,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7016,715],{"class":135},[59,7018,139],{"class":73},[59,7020,3883],{"class":697},[59,7022,139],{"class":73},[59,7024,179],{"class":178},[59,7026,710],{"class":73},[59,7028,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7030,715],{"class":135},[59,7032,139],{"class":73},[59,7034,3883],{"class":697},[59,7036,139],{"class":73},[59,7038,187],{"class":178},[59,7040,710],{"class":73},[59,7042,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7044,715],{"class":135},[59,7046,139],{"class":73},[59,7048,3883],{"class":697},[59,7050,139],{"class":73},[59,7052,6278],{"class":77},[59,7054,710],{"class":73},[59,7056,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7058,715],{"class":135},[59,7060,139],{"class":73},[59,7062,3883],{"class":697},[59,7064,139],{"class":73},[59,7066,78],{"class":77},[59,7068,3860],{"class":81},[59,7070,78],{"class":77},[59,7072,710],{"class":73},[59,7074,7075,7077,7079,7081],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7076,715],{"class":135},[59,7078,139],{"class":73},[59,7080,3883],{"class":697},[59,7082,4443],{"class":73},[59,7084,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7086,715],{"class":135},[59,7088,139],{"class":73},[59,7090,3883],{"class":697},[59,7092,1629],{"class":73},[59,7094,187],{"class":178},[59,7096,87],{"class":73},[59,7098,3009],{"class":178},[59,7100,87],{"class":73},[59,7102,2469],{"class":178},[59,7104,1642],{"class":73},[20,7106,5568],{},[50,7108,7110],{"className":52,"code":7109,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7111,7112,7116,7120,7124,7128,7132],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7113,7114],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7115,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7117,7118],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7119,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7121,7122],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7123,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7125,7126],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7127,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7129,7130],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7131,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7133,7134],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7135,3994],{"class":3867},[20,7137,201,7138,7141,7142,2896,7144,7146,7147,7149,7150,358],{},[15,7139,7140],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7143,3619],{},[15,7145,3689],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7148,3689],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7151,3619],{},[45,7153,7155],{"id":7154},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7157,7158,7160],{},[15,7159,3827],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7162,7163],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[29,7165,7166,7170],{},[32,7167,7168],{},[15,7169,3619],{},[32,7171,7172],{},[15,7173,3689],{},[20,7175,7176,7177,7179],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7178,7004],{}," statements.",[20,7181,7182,7183,7185],{},"You can also call ",[15,7184,3827],{}," with no argument:",[50,7187,7189],{"className":52,"code":7188,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool())\n",[15,7190,7191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7194,715],{"class":135},[59,7196,139],{"class":73},[59,7198,3883],{"class":697},[59,7200,7201],{"class":73},"())\n",[20,7203,168],{},[50,7205,7206],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7207,7208],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7209,7210],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7211,4055],{"class":3867},[20,7213,7214,7215,358],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[354,7216,7218],{"href":7217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[45,7220,7222],{"id":7221},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7224,7225],{},"The basic syntax is:",[50,7227,7229],{"className":52,"code":7228,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bool(value)\n",[15,7230,7231],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7232,7233,7235,7237,7239],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7234,3883],{"class":697},[59,7236,139],{"class":73},[59,7238,1217],{"class":142},[59,7240,165],{"class":73},[20,7242,2005,7243,7245],{},[15,7244,1217],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[29,7247,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256,7259,7261],{},[32,7249,707],{},[32,7251,230],{},[32,7253,224],{},[32,7255,227],{},[32,7257,7258],{},"dictionaries",[32,7260,5314],{},[32,7262,7263],{},"other objects",[20,7265,7266,7267,358],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7268,3689],{},[20,7270,239],{},[50,7272,7274],{"className":52,"code":7273,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7275,7276,7290,7309],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7277,7278,7280,7282,7284,7286,7288],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7279,715],{"class":135},[59,7281,139],{"class":73},[59,7283,3883],{"class":697},[59,7285,139],{"class":73},[59,7287,671],{"class":178},[59,7289,710],{"class":73},[59,7291,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302,7305,7307],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7293,715],{"class":135},[59,7295,139],{"class":73},[59,7297,3883],{"class":697},[59,7299,139],{"class":73},[59,7301,78],{"class":77},[59,7303,7304],{"class":81},"Python",[59,7306,78],{"class":77},[59,7308,710],{"class":73},[59,7310,7311,7313,7315,7317],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7312,715],{"class":135},[59,7314,139],{"class":73},[59,7316,3883],{"class":697},[59,7318,7201],{"class":73},[20,7320,168],{},[50,7322,7324],{"className":52,"code":7323,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7325,7326,7330,7334],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7327,7328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7329,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7331,7332],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7333,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7335,7336],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7337,4055],{"class":3867},[45,7339,7341],{"id":7340},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7343,7344,7345,7347],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[549,7346,5604],{}," values.",[20,7349,7350],{},"Common examples:",[29,7352,7353,7357,7361,7365,7369,7374,7378,7382],{},[32,7354,7355],{},[15,7356,179],{},[32,7358,7359],{},[15,7360,3782],{},[32,7362,7363],{},[15,7364,6278],{},[32,7366,7367],{},[15,7368,3801],{},[32,7370,7371],{},[15,7372,7373],{},"()",[32,7375,7376],{},[15,7377,3806],{},[32,7379,7380],{},[15,7381,3811],{},[32,7383,7384],{},[15,7385,3792],{},[20,7387,239],{},[50,7389,7391],{"className":52,"code":7390,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7392,7393,7407,7421,7435,7445,7455,7466,7480],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7394,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403,7405],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7396,715],{"class":135},[59,7398,139],{"class":73},[59,7400,3883],{"class":697},[59,7402,139],{"class":73},[59,7404,179],{"class":178},[59,7406,710],{"class":73},[59,7408,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7410,715],{"class":135},[59,7412,139],{"class":73},[59,7414,3883],{"class":697},[59,7416,139],{"class":73},[59,7418,3782],{"class":178},[59,7420,710],{"class":73},[59,7422,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7424,715],{"class":135},[59,7426,139],{"class":73},[59,7428,3883],{"class":697},[59,7430,139],{"class":73},[59,7432,6278],{"class":77},[59,7434,710],{"class":73},[59,7436,7437,7439,7441,7443],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7438,715],{"class":135},[59,7440,139],{"class":73},[59,7442,3883],{"class":697},[59,7444,4443],{"class":73},[59,7446,7447,7449,7451,7453],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7448,715],{"class":135},[59,7450,139],{"class":73},[59,7452,3883],{"class":697},[59,7454,4501],{"class":73},[59,7456,7457,7459,7461,7463],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7458,715],{"class":135},[59,7460,139],{"class":73},[59,7462,3883],{"class":697},[59,7464,7465],{"class":73},"({}))\n",[59,7467,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476,7478],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,7469,715],{"class":135},[59,7471,139],{"class":73},[59,7473,3883],{"class":697},[59,7475,139],{"class":73},[59,7477,6293],{"class":697},[59,7479,6296],{"class":73},[59,7481,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,7483,715],{"class":135},[59,7485,139],{"class":73},[59,7487,3883],{"class":697},[59,7489,139],{"class":73},[59,7491,3792],{"class":3867},[59,7493,710],{"class":73},[20,7495,168],{},[50,7497,7499],{"className":52,"code":7498,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7500,7501,7505,7509,7513,7517,7521,7525,7529],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7502,7503],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7504,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7506,7507],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7508,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7510,7511],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7512,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7514,7515],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7516,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7518,7519],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7520,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7522,7523],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7524,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7526,7527],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,7528,4055],{"class":3867},[59,7530,7531],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,7532,4055],{"class":3867},[45,7534,7536],{"id":7535},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7538,7539,7540,7542,7543,7347],{},"Many values become ",[15,7541,3619],{},". These are often called ",[549,7544,5601],{},[20,7546,7350],{},[29,7548,7549,7552,7555,7558,7561,7564],{},[32,7550,7551],{},"non-zero numbers",[32,7553,7554],{},"non-empty strings",[32,7556,7557],{},"non-empty lists",[32,7559,7560],{},"non-empty tuples",[32,7562,7563],{},"non-empty sets",[32,7565,7566],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7568,239],{},[50,7570,7572],{"className":52,"code":7571,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7573,7574,7588,7604,7622,7644,7662],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7575,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7577,715],{"class":135},[59,7579,139],{"class":73},[59,7581,3883],{"class":697},[59,7583,139],{"class":73},[59,7585,2159],{"class":178},[59,7587,710],{"class":73},[59,7589,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7591,715],{"class":135},[59,7593,139],{"class":73},[59,7595,3883],{"class":697},[59,7597,139],{"class":73},[59,7599,2047],{"class":69},[59,7601,195],{"class":178},[59,7603,710],{"class":73},[59,7605,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7607,715],{"class":135},[59,7609,139],{"class":73},[59,7611,3883],{"class":697},[59,7613,139],{"class":73},[59,7615,78],{"class":77},[59,7617,3860],{"class":81},[59,7619,78],{"class":77},[59,7621,710],{"class":73},[59,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7625,715],{"class":135},[59,7627,139],{"class":73},[59,7629,3883],{"class":697},[59,7631,1629],{"class":73},[59,7633,187],{"class":178},[59,7635,87],{"class":73},[59,7637,3009],{"class":178},[59,7639,87],{"class":73},[59,7641,2469],{"class":178},[59,7643,1642],{"class":73},[59,7645,7646,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7647,715],{"class":135},[59,7649,139],{"class":73},[59,7651,3883],{"class":697},[59,7653,5519],{"class":73},[59,7655,187],{"class":178},[59,7657,87],{"class":73},[59,7659,3009],{"class":178},[59,7661,1706],{"class":73},[59,7663,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7677,7679,7681,7683,7686,7688],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7665,715],{"class":135},[59,7667,139],{"class":73},[59,7669,3883],{"class":697},[59,7671,5538],{"class":73},[59,7673,78],{"class":77},[59,7675,7676],{"class":81},"name",[59,7678,78],{"class":77},[59,7680,1002],{"class":73},[59,7682,90],{"class":77},[59,7684,7685],{"class":81},"Sam",[59,7687,78],{"class":77},[59,7689,5547],{"class":73},[20,7691,168],{},[50,7693,7695],{"className":52,"code":7694,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7696,7697,7701,7705,7709,7713,7717],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7698,7699],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7700,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7702,7703],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7704,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7706,7707],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7708,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7710,7711],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,7712,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7714,7715],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,7716,3994],{"class":3867},[59,7718,7719],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,7720,3994],{"class":3867},[20,7722,7723],{},"One important example is this:",[50,7725,7727],{"className":52,"code":7726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7728,7729],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7730,7731,7733,7735,7737,7739,7741,7743,7745],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7732,715],{"class":135},[59,7734,139],{"class":73},[59,7736,3883],{"class":697},[59,7738,139],{"class":73},[59,7740,78],{"class":77},[59,7742,3689],{"class":81},[59,7744,78],{"class":77},[59,7746,710],{"class":73},[20,7748,168],{},[50,7750,7751],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7752,7753],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7754,7755],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7756,3994],{"class":3867},[20,7758,7759,7760,7762,7763,358],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7761,6687],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7764,3619],{},[45,7766,7768],{"id":7767},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7770,7771,7772,7774],{},"You can use ",[15,7773,3827],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1127,7776,7778],{"id":7777},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[50,7780,7782],{"className":52,"code":7781,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7783,7784,7804],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7785,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7787,1251],{"class":65},[59,7789,70],{"class":69},[59,7791,74],{"class":73},[59,7793,671],{"class":178},[59,7795,87],{"class":73},[59,7797,676],{"class":178},[59,7799,87],{"class":73},[59,7801,681],{"class":178},[59,7803,107],{"class":73},[59,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7807,715],{"class":135},[59,7809,139],{"class":73},[59,7811,3883],{"class":697},[59,7813,139],{"class":73},[59,7815,1297],{"class":142},[59,7817,710],{"class":73},[20,7819,168],{},[50,7821,7822],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7823,7824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7825,7826],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7827,3994],{"class":3867},[20,7829,7830],{},"With an empty list:",[50,7832,7834],{"className":52,"code":7833,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7835,7836,7845],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7837,7838,7840,7842],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7839,1251],{"class":65},[59,7841,70],{"class":69},[59,7843,7844],{"class":73}," []\n",[59,7846,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7848,715],{"class":135},[59,7850,139],{"class":73},[59,7852,3883],{"class":697},[59,7854,139],{"class":73},[59,7856,1297],{"class":142},[59,7858,710],{"class":73},[20,7860,168],{},[50,7862,7863],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7864,7865],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7866,7867],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7868,4055],{"class":3867},[1127,7870,7872],{"id":7871},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[50,7874,7876],{"className":52,"code":7875,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7877,7878,7888],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7879,7880,7883,7885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7881,7882],{"class":65},"name ",[59,7884,70],{"class":69},[59,7886,7887],{"class":77}," \"\"\n",[59,7889,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898,7900],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7891,715],{"class":135},[59,7893,139],{"class":73},[59,7895,3883],{"class":697},[59,7897,139],{"class":73},[59,7899,7676],{"class":142},[59,7901,710],{"class":73},[20,7903,168],{},[50,7905,7906],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7907,7908],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7909,7910],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7911,4055],{"class":3867},[50,7913,7915],{"className":52,"code":7914,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7916,7917,7930],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7918,7919,7921,7923,7925,7928],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7920,7882],{"class":65},[59,7922,70],{"class":69},[59,7924,90],{"class":77},[59,7926,7927],{"class":81},"Mia",[59,7929,3374],{"class":77},[59,7931,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7942],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7933,715],{"class":135},[59,7935,139],{"class":73},[59,7937,3883],{"class":697},[59,7939,139],{"class":73},[59,7941,7676],{"class":142},[59,7943,710],{"class":73},[20,7945,168],{},[50,7947,7948],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,7949,7950],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7951,7952],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7953,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,7955,7957],{"id":7956},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[50,7959,7961],{"className":52,"code":7960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7962,7963,7977,7994,7998],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,7964,7965,7968,7970,7972,7975],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,7966,7967],{"class":65},"username ",[59,7969,70],{"class":69},[59,7971,90],{"class":77},[59,7973,7974],{"class":81},"alex",[59,7976,3374],{"class":77},[59,7978,7979,7982,7984,7987,7989,7992],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,7980,7981],{"class":65},"has_name ",[59,7983,70],{"class":69},[59,7985,7986],{"class":697}," bool",[59,7988,139],{"class":73},[59,7990,7991],{"class":142},"username",[59,7993,165],{"class":73},[59,7995,7996],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,7997,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,7999,8000,8002,8004,8007],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,8001,715],{"class":135},[59,8003,139],{"class":73},[59,8005,8006],{"class":142},"has_name",[59,8008,165],{"class":73},[20,8010,168],{},[50,8012,8013],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8014,8015],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8016,8017],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8018,3994],{"class":3867},[20,8020,8021,8022,2896,8024,8026],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8023,3619],{},[15,8025,3689],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1127,8028,8030],{"id":8029},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8032,8033],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[50,8035,8037],{"className":52,"code":8036,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8038,8039,8059,8063,8071],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8040,8041,8043,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8042,664],{"class":65},[59,8044,70],{"class":69},[59,8046,74],{"class":73},[59,8048,187],{"class":178},[59,8050,87],{"class":73},[59,8052,3009],{"class":178},[59,8054,87],{"class":73},[59,8056,2469],{"class":178},[59,8058,107],{"class":73},[59,8060,8061],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8062,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,8064,8065,8067,8069],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,8066,7004],{"class":120},[59,8068,4277],{"class":65},[59,8070,1561],{"class":73},[59,8072,8073,8075,8077,8079,8082,8084],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,8074,152],{"class":135},[59,8076,139],{"class":73},[59,8078,78],{"class":77},[59,8080,8081],{"class":81},"The list is not empty",[59,8083,78],{"class":77},[59,8085,165],{"class":73},[20,8087,168],{},[50,8089,8091],{"className":52,"code":8090,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8092,8093],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8094,8095,8097,8099,8102,8105],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8096,2005],{"class":65},[59,8098,1651],{"class":697},[59,8100,8101],{"class":69}," is",[59,8103,8104],{"class":69}," not",[59,8106,8107],{"class":65}," empty\n",[20,8109,8110,8111,358],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[354,8112,8114],{"href":8113},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[45,8116,8118],{"id":8117},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8120,8121,8122,8124],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8123,3827],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8126,8127],{},"It does not do that.",[1127,8129,8131,2414,8134],{"id":8130},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8132,8133],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8135,3619],{},[50,8137,8138],{"className":52,"code":7726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8139,8140],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8141,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8143,715],{"class":135},[59,8145,139],{"class":73},[59,8147,3883],{"class":697},[59,8149,139],{"class":73},[59,8151,78],{"class":77},[59,8153,3689],{"class":81},[59,8155,78],{"class":77},[59,8157,710],{"class":73},[20,8159,168],{},[50,8161,8162],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8163,8164],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8165,8166],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8167,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,8169,8171,2414,8174],{"id":8170},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8172,8173],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8175,3619],{},[50,8177,8179],{"className":52,"code":8178,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8180,8181],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8182,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8184,715],{"class":135},[59,8186,139],{"class":73},[59,8188,3883],{"class":697},[59,8190,139],{"class":73},[59,8192,78],{"class":77},[59,8194,179],{"class":81},[59,8196,78],{"class":77},[59,8198,710],{"class":73},[20,8200,168],{},[50,8202,8203],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8204,8205],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8206,8207],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8208,3994],{"class":3867},[20,8210,8211,8212,358],{},"This happens because both values are ",[549,8213,7554],{},[20,8215,8216,8218],{},[15,8217,3827],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8220,8221,8222,8227,8228,8230],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[354,8223,8225],{"href":8224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8226,2975],{},", because ",[15,8229,2975],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8232,239],{},[50,8234,8236],{"className":52,"code":8235,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8237,8238,8259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8239,8240,8243,8245,8248,8250,8252,8255,8257],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8241,8242],{"class":65},"user_value ",[59,8244,70],{"class":69},[59,8246,8247],{"class":135}," input",[59,8249,139],{"class":73},[59,8251,78],{"class":77},[59,8253,8254],{"class":81},"Enter True or False: ",[59,8256,78],{"class":77},[59,8258,165],{"class":73},[59,8260,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8272],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8262,715],{"class":135},[59,8264,139],{"class":73},[59,8266,3883],{"class":697},[59,8268,139],{"class":73},[59,8270,8271],{"class":142},"user_value",[59,8273,710],{"class":73},[20,8275,8276,8277,8279,8280,8227,8282,8284],{},"If the user types ",[15,8278,3689],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8281,3619],{},[15,8283,6687],{}," is not empty.",[45,8286,8288],{"id":8287},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8290,8291,8292,8294,8295,8297],{},"In many ",[15,8293,7004],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8296,3827],{}," yourself.",[20,8299,8300],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8302,8303],{},"Instead of this:",[50,8305,8307],{"className":52,"code":8306,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8308,8309,8330,8334,8347],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8310,8311,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8312,8313],{"class":65},"my_list ",[59,8315,70],{"class":69},[59,8317,74],{"class":73},[59,8319,187],{"class":178},[59,8321,87],{"class":73},[59,8323,3009],{"class":178},[59,8325,87],{"class":73},[59,8327,2469],{"class":178},[59,8329,107],{"class":73},[59,8331,8332],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8333,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,8335,8336,8338,8340,8342,8345],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,8337,7004],{"class":120},[59,8339,7986],{"class":697},[59,8341,139],{"class":73},[59,8343,8344],{"class":142},"my_list",[59,8346,146],{"class":73},[59,8348,8349,8351,8353,8355,8358,8360],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,8350,152],{"class":135},[59,8352,139],{"class":73},[59,8354,78],{"class":77},[59,8356,8357],{"class":81},"List has items",[59,8359,78],{"class":77},[59,8361,165],{"class":73},[20,8363,8364],{},"You can simply write:",[50,8366,8368],{"className":52,"code":8367,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8369,8370,8390,8394,8403],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8371,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8373,8313],{"class":65},[59,8375,70],{"class":69},[59,8377,74],{"class":73},[59,8379,187],{"class":178},[59,8381,87],{"class":73},[59,8383,3009],{"class":178},[59,8385,87],{"class":73},[59,8387,2469],{"class":178},[59,8389,107],{"class":73},[59,8391,8392],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8393,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,8395,8396,8398,8401],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,8397,7004],{"class":120},[59,8399,8400],{"class":65}," my_list",[59,8402,1561],{"class":73},[59,8404,8405,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,8406,152],{"class":135},[59,8408,139],{"class":73},[59,8410,78],{"class":77},[59,8412,8357],{"class":81},[59,8414,78],{"class":77},[59,8416,165],{"class":73},[20,8418,8419],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8421,1599,8422,8424],{},[15,8423,3827],{}," is still helpful when:",[29,8426,8427,8430,8437],{},[32,8428,8429],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[32,8431,8432,8433,2896,8435,1196],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8434,3619],{},[15,8436,3689],{},[32,8438,8439],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8441,8442,8443,358],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[354,8444,8445],{"href":2316},"Python type() function explained",[45,8447,1579],{"id":1578},[20,8449,8450,8451,358],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8452,3827],{},[1127,8454,8456,8457,8459,8460],{"id":8455},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8458,8133],{}," to return ",[15,8461,3689],{},[20,8463,8464],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[50,8466,8467],{"className":52,"code":7726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8468,8469],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8470,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8472,715],{"class":135},[59,8474,139],{"class":73},[59,8476,3883],{"class":697},[59,8478,139],{"class":73},[59,8480,78],{"class":77},[59,8482,3689],{"class":81},[59,8484,78],{"class":77},[59,8486,710],{"class":73},[20,8488,168],{},[50,8490,8491],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8492,8493],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8494,8495],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8496,3994],{"class":3867},[20,8498,8499,8500,6688],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8501,6687],{},[20,8503,8504],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[50,8506,8508],{"className":52,"code":8507,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8509,8510,8522],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8511,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8513,2464],{"class":65},[59,8515,70],{"class":69},[59,8517,90],{"class":77},[59,8519,3689],{"class":81},[59,8521,3374],{"class":77},[59,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8525,715],{"class":135},[59,8527,139],{"class":73},[59,8529,2464],{"class":142},[59,8531,4705],{"class":69},[59,8533,90],{"class":77},[59,8535,3619],{"class":81},[59,8537,78],{"class":77},[59,8539,165],{"class":73},[20,8541,168],{},[50,8543,8544],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,8545,8546],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8547,8548],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8549,4055],{"class":3867},[1127,8551,8553],{"id":8552},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8555,8556,8558],{},[15,8557,2975],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[50,8560,8562],{"className":52,"code":8561,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8563,8564,8583],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8565,8566,8568,8570,8572,8574,8576,8579,8581],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8567,2464],{"class":65},[59,8569,70],{"class":69},[59,8571,8247],{"class":135},[59,8573,139],{"class":73},[59,8575,78],{"class":77},[59,8577,8578],{"class":81},"Enter yes or no: ",[59,8580,78],{"class":77},[59,8582,165],{"class":73},[59,8584,8585,8587,8589,8591,8593,8595],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8586,715],{"class":135},[59,8588,139],{"class":73},[59,8590,3883],{"class":697},[59,8592,139],{"class":73},[59,8594,1217],{"class":142},[59,8596,710],{"class":73},[20,8598,8276,8599,8602,8603,8605,8606,8284],{},[15,8600,8601],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8604,3619],{}," because ",[15,8607,8608],{},"\"no\"",[20,8610,8611],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[50,8613,8615],{"className":52,"code":8614,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8616,8617,8648],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8618,8619,8621,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631,8633,8636,8639,8642,8645],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8620,2464],{"class":65},[59,8622,70],{"class":69},[59,8624,8247],{"class":135},[59,8626,139],{"class":73},[59,8628,78],{"class":77},[59,8630,8578],{"class":81},[59,8632,78],{"class":77},[59,8634,8635],{"class":73},").",[59,8637,8638],{"class":142},"strip",[59,8640,8641],{"class":73},"().",[59,8643,8644],{"class":142},"lower",[59,8646,8647],{"class":73},"()\n",[59,8649,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8663,8665],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8651,715],{"class":135},[59,8653,139],{"class":73},[59,8655,2464],{"class":142},[59,8657,4705],{"class":69},[59,8659,90],{"class":77},[59,8661,8662],{"class":81},"yes",[59,8664,78],{"class":77},[59,8666,165],{"class":73},[20,8668,8669,8670,8672,8673,358],{},"This gives ",[15,8671,3619],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8674,8662],{},[1127,8676,8678],{"id":8677},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8680,8681],{},"These are different:",[29,8683,8684,8688,8692,8696,8700],{},[32,8685,8686],{},[15,8687,3689],{},[32,8689,8690],{},[15,8691,179],{},[32,8693,8694],{},[15,8695,6278],{},[32,8697,8698],{},[15,8699,3801],{},[32,8701,8702],{},[15,8703,3792],{},[20,8705,8706,8707,1608,8709,8711],{},"They all become ",[15,8708,3689],{},[15,8710,3827],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8713,8714],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[50,8716,8718],{"className":52,"code":8717,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8719,8720,8728,8742],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8721,8722,8724,8726],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8723,2464],{"class":65},[59,8725,70],{"class":69},[59,8727,7844],{"class":73},[59,8729,8730,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8731,715],{"class":135},[59,8733,139],{"class":73},[59,8735,3239],{"class":697},[59,8737,139],{"class":73},[59,8739,1217],{"class":142},[59,8741,710],{"class":73},[59,8743,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752,8754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,8745,715],{"class":135},[59,8747,139],{"class":73},[59,8749,3883],{"class":697},[59,8751,139],{"class":73},[59,8753,1217],{"class":142},[59,8755,710],{"class":73},[20,8757,168],{},[50,8759,8761],{"className":52,"code":8760,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8762,8763,8777],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8764,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8766,1769],{"class":69},[59,8768,3310],{"class":887},[59,8770,1734],{"class":77},[59,8772,1651],{"class":81},[59,8774,1725],{"class":77},[59,8776,1788],{"class":69},[59,8778,8779],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8780,4055],{"class":3867},[1127,8782,1599,8784,8786],{"id":8783},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8785,3806],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8788,8789,8790,8792],{},"In Python, ",[15,8791,3806],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[50,8794,8796],{"className":52,"code":8795,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8797,8798],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8799,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8801,715],{"class":135},[59,8803,139],{"class":73},[59,8805,3239],{"class":697},[59,8807,7465],{"class":73},[20,8809,168],{},[50,8811,8813],{"className":52,"code":8812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8814,8815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8816,8817,8819,8821,8823,8826,8828],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8818,1769],{"class":69},[59,8820,3310],{"class":887},[59,8822,1734],{"class":77},[59,8824,8825],{"class":81},"dict",[59,8827,1725],{"class":77},[59,8829,1788],{"class":69},[20,8831,8832],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[50,8834,8836],{"className":52,"code":8835,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8837,8838],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8839,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8841,715],{"class":135},[59,8843,139],{"class":73},[59,8845,3239],{"class":697},[59,8847,139],{"class":73},[59,8849,6293],{"class":697},[59,8851,6296],{"class":73},[20,8853,168],{},[50,8855,8857],{"className":52,"code":8856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8858,8859],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8860,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8862,1769],{"class":69},[59,8864,3310],{"class":887},[59,8866,1734],{"class":77},[59,8868,6293],{"class":81},[59,8870,1725],{"class":77},[59,8872,1788],{"class":69},[45,8874,8876],{"id":8875},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8878,8879,8880,8882],{},"If ",[15,8881,3827],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[50,8884,8886],{"className":52,"code":8885,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8887,8888,8902,8916,8926,8944],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,8889,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,8891,715],{"class":135},[59,8893,139],{"class":73},[59,8895,3883],{"class":697},[59,8897,139],{"class":73},[59,8899,1217],{"class":142},[59,8901,710],{"class":73},[59,8903,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,8905,715],{"class":135},[59,8907,139],{"class":73},[59,8909,3239],{"class":697},[59,8911,139],{"class":73},[59,8913,1217],{"class":142},[59,8915,710],{"class":73},[59,8917,8918,8920,8922,8924],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,8919,715],{"class":135},[59,8921,139],{"class":73},[59,8923,1217],{"class":142},[59,8925,165],{"class":73},[59,8927,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,8929,715],{"class":135},[59,8931,139],{"class":73},[59,8933,2464],{"class":142},[59,8935,4705],{"class":69},[59,8937,90],{"class":77},[59,8939,3619],{"class":81},[59,8941,78],{"class":77},[59,8943,165],{"class":73},[59,8945,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,8947,715],{"class":135},[59,8949,139],{"class":73},[59,8951,1217],{"class":142},[59,8953,358],{"class":73},[59,8955,8638],{"class":142},[59,8957,8641],{"class":73},[59,8959,8644],{"class":142},[59,8961,7201],{"class":73},[20,8963,8964],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[29,8966,8967,8970,8973,8976],{},[32,8968,8969],{},"what the value really is",[32,8971,8972],{},"whether it is a string",[32,8974,8975],{},"whether it contains spaces",[32,8977,8978],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8980,8981,8982,358],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[354,8983,8985],{"href":8984},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[45,8987,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,8989,8991],{"id":8990},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8993,8994,8995,2896,8997,358],{},"It returns either ",[15,8996,3619],{},[15,8998,3689],{},[1127,9000,9002],{"id":9001},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9004,5159,9005,358],{},[15,9006,3689],{},[1127,9008,9010],{"id":9009},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9012,9013,9014,358],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9015,3619],{},[1127,9017,9019],{"id":9018},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9021,9022,9023,358],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9024,3689],{},[1127,9026,9028],{"id":9027},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9030,9031,9032,2896,9034,3751],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9033,3619],{},[15,9035,3689],{},[45,9037,1927],{"id":1926},[29,9039,9040,9045,9049,9054,9058,9063],{},[32,9041,9042],{},[354,9043,9044],{"href":5785},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[32,9046,9047],{},[354,9048,8114],{"href":8113},[32,9050,9051],{},[354,9052,9053],{"href":8224},"Python input() function explained",[32,9055,9056],{},[354,9057,8445],{"href":2316},[32,9059,9060],{},[354,9061,9062],{"href":8984},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9064,9065],{},[354,9066,9067],{"href":7217},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1953,9069,9070],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":9072},[9073,9074,9075,9076,9077,9078,9084,9090,9091,9099,9100,9107],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":7154,"depth":110,"text":7155},{"id":7221,"depth":110,"text":7222},{"id":7340,"depth":110,"text":7341},{"id":7535,"depth":110,"text":7536},{"id":7767,"depth":110,"text":7768,"children":9079},[9080,9081,9082,9083],{"id":7777,"depth":117,"text":7778},{"id":7871,"depth":117,"text":7872},{"id":7956,"depth":117,"text":7957},{"id":8029,"depth":117,"text":8030},{"id":8117,"depth":110,"text":8118,"children":9085},[9086,9088],{"id":8130,"depth":117,"text":9087},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8170,"depth":117,"text":9089},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8287,"depth":110,"text":8288},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":9092},[9093,9095,9096,9097],{"id":8455,"depth":117,"text":9094},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8552,"depth":117,"text":8553},{"id":8677,"depth":117,"text":8678},{"id":8783,"depth":117,"text":9098},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8875,"depth":110,"text":8876},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":9101},[9102,9103,9104,9105,9106],{"id":8990,"depth":117,"text":8991},{"id":9001,"depth":117,"text":9002},{"id":9009,"depth":117,"text":9010},{"id":9018,"depth":117,"text":9019},{"id":9027,"depth":117,"text":9028},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6981,"description":9108},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9115,"title":9116,"body":9117,"description":11306,"extension":1988,"meta":11307,"navigation":113,"path":11308,"seo":11309,"stem":11310,"__hash__":11311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9118,"toc":11268},[9119,9125,9131,9138,9143,9154,9161,9266,9270,9338,9343,9348,9353,9356,9367,9372,9375,9386,9393,9395,9400,9404,9429,9433,9442,9446,9509,9513,9546,9550,9595,9599,9636,9640,9643,9699,9703,9748,9751,9756,9795,9799,9822,9825,9839,9852,9856,9861,9928,9932,9968,9971,9979,9982,10046,10050,10082,10088,10090,10150,10157,10160,10238,10242,10275,10279,10282,10326,10330,10366,10369,10386,10389,10392,10445,10448,10459,10466,10475,10478,10536,10540,10581,10589,10597,10603,10611,10623,10628,10639,10712,10715,10727,10743,10747,10752,10756,10758,10801,10807,10810,10873,10877,10880,10889,10894,10931,10935,10938,10946,10949,10988,10992,10995,11046,11050,11071,11078,11080,11086,11112,11115,11170,11173,11184,11186,11193,11201,11207,11212,11219,11222,11229,11236,11238,11265],[10,9120,13,9122,18],{"id":9121},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9123,9124],{},"dict()",[20,9126,9127,9128,9130],{},"The built-in ",[15,9129,9124],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9132,9133,9134,9137],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[549,9135,9136],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9139,9140,9142],{},[15,9141,9124],{}," is commonly used to:",[29,9144,9145,9148,9151],{},[32,9146,9147],{},"create an empty dictionary",[32,9149,9150],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,9152,9153],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9155,9156,9157,358],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[354,9158,9160],{"href":9159},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[50,9162,9164],{"className":52,"code":9163,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9165,9166,9200,9211,9215,9251],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9167,9168,9171,9173,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9193,9195,9198],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9169,9170],{"class":65},"data ",[59,9172,70],{"class":69},[59,9174,9175],{"class":697}," dict",[59,9177,139],{"class":73},[59,9179,7676],{"class":385},[59,9181,70],{"class":69},[59,9183,1725],{"class":77},[59,9185,5018],{"class":81},[59,9187,1725],{"class":77},[59,9189,87],{"class":73},[59,9191,9192],{"class":385}," age",[59,9194,70],{"class":69},[59,9196,9197],{"class":178},"25",[59,9199,165],{"class":73},[59,9201,9202,9204,9206,9209],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9203,715],{"class":135},[59,9205,139],{"class":73},[59,9207,9208],{"class":142},"data",[59,9210,165],{"class":73},[59,9212,9213],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,9214,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,9216,9217,9220,9222,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,9218,9219],{"class":65},"pairs ",[59,9221,70],{"class":69},[59,9223,9224],{"class":73}," [(",[59,9226,1725],{"class":77},[59,9228,354],{"class":81},[59,9230,1725],{"class":77},[59,9232,87],{"class":73},[59,9234,5506],{"class":178},[59,9236,744],{"class":73},[59,9238,747],{"class":73},[59,9240,1725],{"class":77},[59,9242,442],{"class":81},[59,9244,1725],{"class":77},[59,9246,87],{"class":73},[59,9248,3009],{"class":178},[59,9250,766],{"class":73},[59,9252,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9264],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,9254,715],{"class":135},[59,9256,139],{"class":73},[59,9258,8825],{"class":697},[59,9260,139],{"class":73},[59,9262,9263],{"class":142},"pairs",[59,9265,710],{"class":73},[20,9267,9268],{},[549,9269,168],{},[50,9271,9273],{"className":52,"code":9272,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9274,9275,9310],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9276,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9300,9302,9304,9307],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9278,893],{"class":73},[59,9280,1725],{"class":77},[59,9282,7676],{"class":81},[59,9284,1725],{"class":77},[59,9286,1002],{"class":73},[59,9288,1734],{"class":77},[59,9290,5018],{"class":81},[59,9292,1725],{"class":77},[59,9294,87],{"class":73},[59,9296,1734],{"class":77},[59,9298,9299],{"class":81},"age",[59,9301,1725],{"class":77},[59,9303,1002],{"class":73},[59,9305,9306],{"class":178}," 25",[59,9308,9309],{"class":73},"}\n",[59,9311,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9313,893],{"class":73},[59,9315,1725],{"class":77},[59,9317,354],{"class":81},[59,9319,1725],{"class":77},[59,9321,1002],{"class":73},[59,9323,5506],{"class":178},[59,9325,87],{"class":73},[59,9327,1734],{"class":77},[59,9329,442],{"class":81},[59,9331,1725],{"class":77},[59,9333,1002],{"class":73},[59,9335,3009],{"class":178},[59,9337,9309],{"class":73},[20,9339,201,9340,9342],{},[15,9341,9124],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[45,9344,208,9346,211],{"id":9345},"what-dict-does",[15,9347,9124],{},[20,9349,9350,9352],{},[15,9351,9124],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9354,9355],{},"A dictionary:",[29,9357,9358,9361,9364],{},[32,9359,9360],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[32,9362,9363],{},"lets you look up values by key",[32,9365,9366],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9368,9369,9371],{},[15,9370,9124],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9373,9374],{},"Common uses include:",[29,9376,9377,9380,9383],{},[32,9378,9379],{},"making an empty dictionary",[32,9381,9382],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[32,9384,9385],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9387,9388,9389,358],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[354,9390,9392],{"href":9391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[45,9394,362],{"id":361},[20,9396,9397,9399],{},[15,9398,9124],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1127,9401,9403],{"id":9402},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[50,9405,9407],{"className":52,"code":9406,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9408,9409,9419],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9410,9411,9413,9415,9417],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9412,9170],{"class":65},[59,9414,70],{"class":69},[59,9416,9175],{"class":697},[59,9418,8647],{"class":73},[59,9420,9421,9423,9425,9427],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9422,715],{"class":135},[59,9424,139],{"class":73},[59,9426,9208],{"class":142},[59,9428,165],{"class":73},[20,9430,9431],{},[549,9432,168],{},[50,9434,9436],{"className":52,"code":9435,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{}\n",[15,9437,9438],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9439,9440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9441,9435],{"class":73},[1127,9443,9445],{"id":9444},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[50,9447,9449],{"className":52,"code":9448,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9450,9451,9485,9499],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9452,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9454,9219],{"class":65},[59,9456,70],{"class":69},[59,9458,9224],{"class":73},[59,9460,1725],{"class":77},[59,9462,354],{"class":81},[59,9464,1725],{"class":77},[59,9466,87],{"class":73},[59,9468,5506],{"class":178},[59,9470,744],{"class":73},[59,9472,747],{"class":73},[59,9474,1725],{"class":77},[59,9476,442],{"class":81},[59,9478,1725],{"class":77},[59,9480,87],{"class":73},[59,9482,3009],{"class":178},[59,9484,766],{"class":73},[59,9486,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9488,9170],{"class":65},[59,9490,70],{"class":69},[59,9492,9175],{"class":697},[59,9494,139],{"class":73},[59,9496,9263],{"class":142},[59,9498,165],{"class":73},[59,9500,9501,9503,9505,9507],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,9502,715],{"class":135},[59,9504,139],{"class":73},[59,9506,9208],{"class":142},[59,9508,165],{"class":73},[20,9510,9511],{},[549,9512,168],{},[50,9514,9516],{"className":52,"code":9515,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9517,9518],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9519,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9521,893],{"class":73},[59,9523,1725],{"class":77},[59,9525,354],{"class":81},[59,9527,1725],{"class":77},[59,9529,1002],{"class":73},[59,9531,5506],{"class":178},[59,9533,87],{"class":73},[59,9535,1734],{"class":77},[59,9537,442],{"class":81},[59,9539,1725],{"class":77},[59,9541,1002],{"class":73},[59,9543,3009],{"class":178},[59,9545,9309],{"class":73},[1127,9547,9549],{"id":9548},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[50,9551,9553],{"className":52,"code":9552,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9554,9555,9585],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9556,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9558,9170],{"class":65},[59,9560,70],{"class":69},[59,9562,9175],{"class":697},[59,9564,139],{"class":73},[59,9566,7676],{"class":385},[59,9568,70],{"class":69},[59,9570,1725],{"class":77},[59,9572,5018],{"class":81},[59,9574,1725],{"class":77},[59,9576,87],{"class":73},[59,9578,9192],{"class":385},[59,9580,70],{"class":69},[59,9582,9197],{"class":178},[59,9584,165],{"class":73},[59,9586,9587,9589,9591,9593],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9588,715],{"class":135},[59,9590,139],{"class":73},[59,9592,9208],{"class":142},[59,9594,165],{"class":73},[20,9596,9597],{},[549,9598,168],{},[50,9600,9602],{"className":52,"code":9601,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9603,9604],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9605,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9607,893],{"class":73},[59,9609,1725],{"class":77},[59,9611,7676],{"class":81},[59,9613,1725],{"class":77},[59,9615,1002],{"class":73},[59,9617,1734],{"class":77},[59,9619,5018],{"class":81},[59,9621,1725],{"class":77},[59,9623,87],{"class":73},[59,9625,1734],{"class":77},[59,9627,9299],{"class":81},[59,9629,1725],{"class":77},[59,9631,1002],{"class":73},[59,9633,9306],{"class":178},[59,9635,9309],{"class":73},[1127,9637,9639],{"id":9638},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9641,9642],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[50,9644,9646],{"className":52,"code":9645,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9647,9648,9689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9649,9650,9652,9654,9656,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9683,9685,9687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9651,9170],{"class":65},[59,9653,70],{"class":69},[59,9655,9175],{"class":697},[59,9657,9658],{"class":73},"([(",[59,9660,1725],{"class":77},[59,9662,354],{"class":81},[59,9664,1725],{"class":77},[59,9666,87],{"class":73},[59,9668,5506],{"class":178},[59,9670,9671],{"class":73},")],",[59,9673,2577],{"class":385},[59,9675,70],{"class":69},[59,9677,195],{"class":178},[59,9679,87],{"class":73},[59,9681,9682],{"class":385}," c",[59,9684,70],{"class":69},[59,9686,950],{"class":178},[59,9688,165],{"class":73},[59,9690,9691,9693,9695,9697],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9692,715],{"class":135},[59,9694,139],{"class":73},[59,9696,9208],{"class":142},[59,9698,165],{"class":73},[20,9700,9701],{},[549,9702,168],{},[50,9704,9706],{"className":52,"code":9705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9707,9708],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9709,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9711,893],{"class":73},[59,9713,1725],{"class":77},[59,9715,354],{"class":81},[59,9717,1725],{"class":77},[59,9719,1002],{"class":73},[59,9721,5506],{"class":178},[59,9723,87],{"class":73},[59,9725,1734],{"class":77},[59,9727,442],{"class":81},[59,9729,1725],{"class":77},[59,9731,1002],{"class":73},[59,9733,3009],{"class":178},[59,9735,87],{"class":73},[59,9737,1734],{"class":77},[59,9739,451],{"class":81},[59,9741,1725],{"class":77},[59,9743,1002],{"class":73},[59,9745,2469],{"class":178},[59,9747,9309],{"class":73},[45,9749,9403],{"id":9750},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9752,201,9753,9755],{},[15,9754,9124],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[50,9757,9759],{"className":52,"code":9758,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9760,9761,9771,9785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9762,9763,9765,9767,9769],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9764,9170],{"class":65},[59,9766,70],{"class":69},[59,9768,9175],{"class":697},[59,9770,8647],{"class":73},[59,9772,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9774,715],{"class":135},[59,9776,139],{"class":73},[59,9778,3239],{"class":697},[59,9780,139],{"class":73},[59,9782,9208],{"class":142},[59,9784,710],{"class":73},[59,9786,9787,9789,9791,9793],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,9788,715],{"class":135},[59,9790,139],{"class":73},[59,9792,9208],{"class":142},[59,9794,165],{"class":73},[20,9796,9797],{},[549,9798,168],{},[50,9800,9802],{"className":52,"code":9801,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9803,9804,9818],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9805,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9807,1769],{"class":69},[59,9809,3310],{"class":887},[59,9811,1734],{"class":77},[59,9813,8825],{"class":81},[59,9815,1725],{"class":77},[59,9817,1788],{"class":69},[59,9819,9820],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9821,9435],{"class":73},[20,9823,9824],{},"This gives the same result as:",[50,9826,9828],{"className":52,"code":9827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\n",[15,9829,9830],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9831,9832,9834,9836],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9833,9170],{"class":65},[59,9835,70],{"class":69},[59,9837,9838],{"class":73}," {}\n",[20,9840,9841,9842,9844,9845,9848,9849,9851],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9843,3806],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9846,9847],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9850,9124],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[45,9853,9855],{"id":9854},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9857,9858,9859,358],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9860,9124],{},[50,9862,9864],{"className":52,"code":9863,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9865,9866,9904,9918],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9867,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9869,9219],{"class":65},[59,9871,70],{"class":69},[59,9873,9224],{"class":73},[59,9875,1725],{"class":77},[59,9877,7676],{"class":81},[59,9879,1725],{"class":77},[59,9881,87],{"class":73},[59,9883,1734],{"class":77},[59,9885,5018],{"class":81},[59,9887,1725],{"class":77},[59,9889,744],{"class":73},[59,9891,747],{"class":73},[59,9893,1725],{"class":77},[59,9895,9299],{"class":81},[59,9897,1725],{"class":77},[59,9899,87],{"class":73},[59,9901,9306],{"class":178},[59,9903,766],{"class":73},[59,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,9907,9170],{"class":65},[59,9909,70],{"class":69},[59,9911,9175],{"class":697},[59,9913,139],{"class":73},[59,9915,9263],{"class":142},[59,9917,165],{"class":73},[59,9919,9920,9922,9924,9926],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,9921,715],{"class":135},[59,9923,139],{"class":73},[59,9925,9208],{"class":142},[59,9927,165],{"class":73},[20,9929,9930],{},[549,9931,168],{},[50,9933,9934],{"className":52,"code":9601,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,9935,9936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9937,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9939,893],{"class":73},[59,9941,1725],{"class":77},[59,9943,7676],{"class":81},[59,9945,1725],{"class":77},[59,9947,1002],{"class":73},[59,9949,1734],{"class":77},[59,9951,5018],{"class":81},[59,9953,1725],{"class":77},[59,9955,87],{"class":73},[59,9957,1734],{"class":77},[59,9959,9299],{"class":81},[59,9961,1725],{"class":77},[59,9963,1002],{"class":73},[59,9965,9306],{"class":178},[59,9967,9309],{"class":73},[20,9969,9970],{},"Each pair becomes:",[29,9972,9973,9976],{},[32,9974,9975],{},"the first item as the key",[32,9977,9978],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9980,9981],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[50,9983,9985],{"className":52,"code":9984,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9986,9987,10022,10036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,9988,9989,9991,9993,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,9990,9219],{"class":65},[59,9992,70],{"class":69},[59,9994,9995],{"class":73}," ((",[59,9997,1725],{"class":77},[59,9999,354],{"class":81},[59,10001,1725],{"class":77},[59,10003,87],{"class":73},[59,10005,5506],{"class":178},[59,10007,744],{"class":73},[59,10009,747],{"class":73},[59,10011,1725],{"class":77},[59,10013,442],{"class":81},[59,10015,1725],{"class":77},[59,10017,87],{"class":73},[59,10019,3009],{"class":178},[59,10021,710],{"class":73},[59,10023,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10025,9170],{"class":65},[59,10027,70],{"class":69},[59,10029,9175],{"class":697},[59,10031,139],{"class":73},[59,10033,9263],{"class":142},[59,10035,165],{"class":73},[59,10037,10038,10040,10042,10044],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,10039,715],{"class":135},[59,10041,139],{"class":73},[59,10043,9208],{"class":142},[59,10045,165],{"class":73},[20,10047,10048],{},[549,10049,168],{},[50,10051,10052],{"className":52,"code":9515,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,10053,10054],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10055,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10057,893],{"class":73},[59,10059,1725],{"class":77},[59,10061,354],{"class":81},[59,10063,1725],{"class":77},[59,10065,1002],{"class":73},[59,10067,5506],{"class":178},[59,10069,87],{"class":73},[59,10071,1734],{"class":77},[59,10073,442],{"class":81},[59,10075,1725],{"class":77},[59,10077,1002],{"class":73},[59,10079,3009],{"class":178},[59,10081,9309],{"class":73},[20,10083,10084,10085,358],{},"Each item must contain ",[549,10086,10087],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10089,2854],{},[50,10091,10093],{"className":52,"code":10092,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10094,10095,10135],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10096,10097,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10098,10099],{"class":65},"bad_data ",[59,10101,70],{"class":69},[59,10103,9224],{"class":73},[59,10105,1725],{"class":77},[59,10107,354],{"class":81},[59,10109,1725],{"class":77},[59,10111,87],{"class":73},[59,10113,5506],{"class":178},[59,10115,87],{"class":73},[59,10117,10118],{"class":178}," 100",[59,10120,744],{"class":73},[59,10122,747],{"class":73},[59,10124,1725],{"class":77},[59,10126,442],{"class":81},[59,10128,1725],{"class":77},[59,10130,87],{"class":73},[59,10132,3009],{"class":178},[59,10134,766],{"class":73},[59,10136,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10148],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10138,692],{"class":65},[59,10140,70],{"class":69},[59,10142,9175],{"class":697},[59,10144,139],{"class":73},[59,10146,10147],{"class":142},"bad_data",[59,10149,165],{"class":73},[20,10151,10152,10153,10156],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10154,10155],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10158,10159],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[50,10161,10163],{"className":52,"code":10162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10164,10165,10214,10228],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10166,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10168,9219],{"class":65},[59,10170,70],{"class":69},[59,10172,9224],{"class":73},[59,10174,1725],{"class":77},[59,10176,354],{"class":81},[59,10178,1725],{"class":77},[59,10180,87],{"class":73},[59,10182,5506],{"class":178},[59,10184,744],{"class":73},[59,10186,747],{"class":73},[59,10188,1725],{"class":77},[59,10190,354],{"class":81},[59,10192,1725],{"class":77},[59,10194,87],{"class":73},[59,10196,10197],{"class":178}," 99",[59,10199,744],{"class":73},[59,10201,747],{"class":73},[59,10203,1725],{"class":77},[59,10205,442],{"class":81},[59,10207,1725],{"class":77},[59,10209,87],{"class":73},[59,10211,3009],{"class":178},[59,10213,766],{"class":73},[59,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10217,9170],{"class":65},[59,10219,70],{"class":69},[59,10221,9175],{"class":697},[59,10223,139],{"class":73},[59,10225,9263],{"class":142},[59,10227,165],{"class":73},[59,10229,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,10231,715],{"class":135},[59,10233,139],{"class":73},[59,10235,9208],{"class":142},[59,10237,165],{"class":73},[20,10239,10240],{},[549,10241,168],{},[50,10243,10245],{"className":52,"code":10244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10246,10247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10248,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10250,893],{"class":73},[59,10252,1725],{"class":77},[59,10254,354],{"class":81},[59,10256,1725],{"class":77},[59,10258,1002],{"class":73},[59,10260,10197],{"class":178},[59,10262,87],{"class":73},[59,10264,1734],{"class":77},[59,10266,442],{"class":81},[59,10268,1725],{"class":77},[59,10270,1002],{"class":73},[59,10272,3009],{"class":178},[59,10274,9309],{"class":73},[45,10276,10278],{"id":10277},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10280,10281],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[50,10283,10284],{"className":52,"code":9552,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,10285,10286,10316],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10289,9170],{"class":65},[59,10291,70],{"class":69},[59,10293,9175],{"class":697},[59,10295,139],{"class":73},[59,10297,7676],{"class":385},[59,10299,70],{"class":69},[59,10301,1725],{"class":77},[59,10303,5018],{"class":81},[59,10305,1725],{"class":77},[59,10307,87],{"class":73},[59,10309,9192],{"class":385},[59,10311,70],{"class":69},[59,10313,9197],{"class":178},[59,10315,165],{"class":73},[59,10317,10318,10320,10322,10324],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10319,715],{"class":135},[59,10321,139],{"class":73},[59,10323,9208],{"class":142},[59,10325,165],{"class":73},[20,10327,10328],{},[549,10329,168],{},[50,10331,10332],{"className":52,"code":9601,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,10333,10334],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10335,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10337,893],{"class":73},[59,10339,1725],{"class":77},[59,10341,7676],{"class":81},[59,10343,1725],{"class":77},[59,10345,1002],{"class":73},[59,10347,1734],{"class":77},[59,10349,5018],{"class":81},[59,10351,1725],{"class":77},[59,10353,87],{"class":73},[59,10355,1734],{"class":77},[59,10357,9299],{"class":81},[59,10359,1725],{"class":77},[59,10361,1002],{"class":73},[59,10363,9306],{"class":178},[59,10365,9309],{"class":73},[20,10367,10368],{},"In this form:",[29,10370,10371,10379],{},[32,10372,10373,10375,10376],{},[15,10374,7676],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10377,10378],{},"'name'",[32,10380,10381,10375,10383],{},[15,10382,9299],{},[15,10384,10385],{},"'age'",[20,10387,10388],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10390,10391],{},"Valid examples:",[50,10393,10395],{"className":52,"code":10394,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10396,10397,10435],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10398,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10410,10412,10414,10417,10419,10421,10424,10426,10428,10431,10433],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10400,9170],{"class":65},[59,10402,70],{"class":69},[59,10404,9175],{"class":697},[59,10406,139],{"class":73},[59,10408,10409],{"class":385},"city",[59,10411,70],{"class":69},[59,10413,1725],{"class":77},[59,10415,10416],{"class":81},"Paris",[59,10418,1725],{"class":77},[59,10420,87],{"class":73},[59,10422,10423],{"class":385}," country",[59,10425,70],{"class":69},[59,10427,1725],{"class":77},[59,10429,10430],{"class":81},"France",[59,10432,1725],{"class":77},[59,10434,165],{"class":73},[59,10436,10437,10439,10441,10443],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10438,715],{"class":135},[59,10440,139],{"class":73},[59,10442,9208],{"class":142},[59,10444,165],{"class":73},[20,10446,10447],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[29,10449,10450,10453,10456],{},[32,10451,10452],{},"spaces",[32,10454,10455],{},"hyphens",[32,10457,10458],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10460,10461,10462,10465],{},"For example, this is ",[549,10463,10464],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[50,10467,10469],{"className":52,"code":10468,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10470,10471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10472,10473],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10474,10468],{"class":3678},[20,10476,10477],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[50,10479,10481],{"className":52,"code":10480,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10482,10483,10526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10484,10485,10487,10489,10492,10494,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10486,9170],{"class":65},[59,10488,70],{"class":69},[59,10490,10491],{"class":73}," {",[59,10493,1725],{"class":77},[59,10495,10496],{"class":81},"first-name",[59,10498,1725],{"class":77},[59,10500,1002],{"class":73},[59,10502,1734],{"class":77},[59,10504,7685],{"class":81},[59,10506,1725],{"class":77},[59,10508,87],{"class":73},[59,10510,1734],{"class":77},[59,10512,10513],{"class":81},"first name",[59,10515,1725],{"class":77},[59,10517,1002],{"class":73},[59,10519,1734],{"class":77},[59,10521,7685],{"class":81},[59,10523,1725],{"class":77},[59,10525,9309],{"class":73},[59,10527,10528,10530,10532,10534],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10529,715],{"class":135},[59,10531,139],{"class":73},[59,10533,9208],{"class":142},[59,10535,165],{"class":73},[20,10537,10538],{},[549,10539,168],{},[50,10541,10543],{"className":52,"code":10542,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10544,10545],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10546,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10548,893],{"class":73},[59,10550,1725],{"class":77},[59,10552,10496],{"class":81},[59,10554,1725],{"class":77},[59,10556,1002],{"class":73},[59,10558,1734],{"class":77},[59,10560,7685],{"class":81},[59,10562,1725],{"class":77},[59,10564,87],{"class":73},[59,10566,1734],{"class":77},[59,10568,10513],{"class":81},[59,10570,1725],{"class":77},[59,10572,1002],{"class":73},[59,10574,1734],{"class":77},[59,10576,7685],{"class":81},[59,10578,1725],{"class":77},[59,10580,9309],{"class":73},[45,10582,10584,10586,10587],{"id":10583},"dict-vs",[15,10585,9124],{}," vs ",[15,10588,3806],{},[20,10590,10591,10592,4408,10594,10596],{},"Both ",[15,10593,9124],{},[15,10595,3806],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1127,10598,201,10600,10602],{"id":10599},"use-when",[15,10601,3806],{}," when:",[29,10604,10605,10608],{},[32,10606,10607],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[32,10609,10610],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[50,10612,10613],{"className":52,"code":9827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,10614,10615],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10616,10617,10619,10621],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10618,9170],{"class":65},[59,10620,70],{"class":69},[59,10622,9838],{"class":73},[1127,10624,201,10626,10602],{"id":10625},"use-dict-when",[15,10627,9124],{},[29,10629,10630,10633,10636],{},[32,10631,10632],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,10634,10635],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[32,10637,10638],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[50,10640,10642],{"className":52,"code":10641,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10643,10644,10681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10645,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10647,9170],{"class":65},[59,10649,70],{"class":69},[59,10651,9175],{"class":697},[59,10653,9658],{"class":73},[59,10655,1725],{"class":77},[59,10657,354],{"class":81},[59,10659,1725],{"class":77},[59,10661,87],{"class":73},[59,10663,5506],{"class":178},[59,10665,744],{"class":73},[59,10667,747],{"class":73},[59,10669,1725],{"class":77},[59,10671,442],{"class":81},[59,10673,1725],{"class":77},[59,10675,87],{"class":73},[59,10677,3009],{"class":178},[59,10679,10680],{"class":73},")])\n",[59,10682,10683,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10684,10685],{"class":65},"info ",[59,10687,70],{"class":69},[59,10689,9175],{"class":697},[59,10691,139],{"class":73},[59,10693,7676],{"class":385},[59,10695,70],{"class":69},[59,10697,1725],{"class":77},[59,10699,5018],{"class":81},[59,10701,1725],{"class":77},[59,10703,87],{"class":73},[59,10705,9192],{"class":385},[59,10707,70],{"class":69},[59,10709,9197],{"class":178},[59,10711,165],{"class":73},[20,10713,10714],{},"So:",[29,10716,10717,10722],{},[32,10718,10719,10721],{},[15,10720,3806],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[32,10723,10724,10726],{},[15,10725,9124],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10728,10729,10730,10734,10735,358],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[354,10731,10733],{"href":10732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[354,10736,10738,10739,10742],{"href":10737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10740,10741],{},"get()"," method",[45,10744,10746],{"id":10745},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10748,10749,10750,358],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10751,9124],{},[1127,10753,10755],{"id":10754},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10757,4541],{},[50,10759,10761],{"className":52,"code":10760,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10762,10763,10787],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10764,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10766,1251],{"class":65},[59,10768,70],{"class":69},[59,10770,74],{"class":73},[59,10772,1725],{"class":77},[59,10774,354],{"class":81},[59,10776,1725],{"class":77},[59,10778,87],{"class":73},[59,10780,1734],{"class":77},[59,10782,442],{"class":81},[59,10784,1725],{"class":77},[59,10786,107],{"class":73},[59,10788,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10790,9170],{"class":65},[59,10792,70],{"class":69},[59,10794,9175],{"class":697},[59,10796,139],{"class":73},[59,10798,1297],{"class":142},[59,10800,165],{"class":73},[20,10802,10803,10804,358],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10805,10806],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10808,10809],{},"Correct version:",[50,10811,10813],{"className":52,"code":10812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10814,10815,10849,10863],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10818,1251],{"class":65},[59,10820,70],{"class":69},[59,10822,9224],{"class":73},[59,10824,1725],{"class":77},[59,10826,354],{"class":81},[59,10828,1725],{"class":77},[59,10830,87],{"class":73},[59,10832,5506],{"class":178},[59,10834,744],{"class":73},[59,10836,747],{"class":73},[59,10838,1725],{"class":77},[59,10840,442],{"class":81},[59,10842,1725],{"class":77},[59,10844,87],{"class":73},[59,10846,3009],{"class":178},[59,10848,766],{"class":73},[59,10850,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10852,9170],{"class":65},[59,10854,70],{"class":69},[59,10856,9175],{"class":697},[59,10858,139],{"class":73},[59,10860,1297],{"class":142},[59,10862,165],{"class":73},[59,10864,10865,10867,10869,10871],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,10866,715],{"class":135},[59,10868,139],{"class":73},[59,10870,9208],{"class":142},[59,10872,165],{"class":73},[1127,10874,10876],{"id":10875},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10878,10879],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[50,10881,10883],{"className":52,"code":10882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10884,10885],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10886,10887],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10888,10882],{"class":3678},[20,10890,10891,10892,1002],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10893,70],{},[50,10895,10897],{"className":52,"code":10896,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10898,10899,10921],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10900,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10902,9170],{"class":65},[59,10904,70],{"class":69},[59,10906,9175],{"class":697},[59,10908,139],{"class":73},[59,10910,7676],{"class":385},[59,10912,70],{"class":69},[59,10914,1725],{"class":77},[59,10916,5018],{"class":81},[59,10918,1725],{"class":77},[59,10920,165],{"class":73},[59,10922,10923,10925,10927,10929],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10924,715],{"class":135},[59,10926,139],{"class":73},[59,10928,9208],{"class":142},[59,10930,165],{"class":73},[1127,10932,10934],{"id":10933},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10936,10937],{},"This will not work:",[50,10939,10940],{"className":52,"code":10468,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,10941,10942],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10943,10944],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10945,10468],{"class":3678},[20,10947,10948],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[50,10950,10952],{"className":52,"code":10951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10953,10954,10978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,10955,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,10957,9170],{"class":65},[59,10959,70],{"class":69},[59,10961,10491],{"class":73},[59,10963,1725],{"class":77},[59,10965,10496],{"class":81},[59,10967,1725],{"class":77},[59,10969,1002],{"class":73},[59,10971,1734],{"class":77},[59,10973,7685],{"class":81},[59,10975,1725],{"class":77},[59,10977,9309],{"class":73},[59,10979,10980,10982,10984,10986],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,10981,715],{"class":135},[59,10983,139],{"class":73},[59,10985,9208],{"class":142},[59,10987,165],{"class":73},[1127,10989,10991],{"id":10990},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10993,10994],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[50,10996,10998],{"className":52,"code":10997,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10999,11000,11036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11001,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11003,9170],{"class":65},[59,11005,70],{"class":69},[59,11007,9175],{"class":697},[59,11009,9658],{"class":73},[59,11011,1725],{"class":77},[59,11013,1260],{"class":81},[59,11015,1725],{"class":77},[59,11017,87],{"class":73},[59,11019,5506],{"class":178},[59,11021,744],{"class":73},[59,11023,747],{"class":73},[59,11025,1725],{"class":77},[59,11027,1260],{"class":81},[59,11029,1725],{"class":77},[59,11031,87],{"class":73},[59,11033,3009],{"class":178},[59,11035,10680],{"class":73},[59,11037,11038,11040,11042,11044],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11039,715],{"class":135},[59,11041,139],{"class":73},[59,11043,9208],{"class":142},[59,11045,165],{"class":73},[20,11047,11048],{},[549,11049,168],{},[50,11051,11053],{"className":52,"code":11052,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11054,11055],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11056,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11058,893],{"class":73},[59,11060,1725],{"class":77},[59,11062,1260],{"class":81},[59,11064,1725],{"class":77},[59,11066,1002],{"class":73},[59,11068,3009],{"class":178},[59,11070,9309],{"class":73},[20,11072,11073,11074,358],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[354,11075,11077],{"href":11076},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[45,11079,1579],{"id":1578},[20,11081,11082,11083,11085],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11084,9124],{}," include:",[29,11087,11088,11097,11103,11106],{},[32,11089,11090,11091,999,11094],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11092,11093],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11095,11096],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[32,11098,11099,11100],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11101,11102],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[32,11104,11105],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[32,11107,11108,11109,11111],{},"confusing ",[15,11110,9124],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11113,11114],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[50,11116,11118],{"className":52,"code":11117,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11119,11120,11134,11144,11155],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11121,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11123,715],{"class":135},[59,11125,139],{"class":73},[59,11127,3239],{"class":697},[59,11129,139],{"class":73},[59,11131,9208],{"class":142},[59,11133,710],{"class":73},[59,11135,11136,11138,11140,11142],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11137,715],{"class":135},[59,11139,139],{"class":73},[59,11141,9208],{"class":142},[59,11143,165],{"class":73},[59,11145,11146,11148,11150,11153],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11147,715],{"class":135},[59,11149,139],{"class":73},[59,11151,11152],{"class":142},"list_of_pairs",[59,11154,165],{"class":73},[59,11156,11157,11159,11161,11164,11166,11168],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,11158,715],{"class":135},[59,11160,139],{"class":73},[59,11162,11163],{"class":135},"len",[59,11165,139],{"class":73},[59,11167,11152],{"class":142},[59,11169,710],{"class":73},[20,11171,11172],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[29,11174,11175,11178,11181],{},[32,11176,11177],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[32,11179,11180],{},"what data is being passed in",[32,11182,11183],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[45,11185,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,11187,5190,11189,4408,11191,1905],{"id":11188},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11190,9124],{},[15,11192,3806],{},[20,11194,11195,11197,11198,11200],{},[15,11196,3806],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11199,9124],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1127,11202,1914,11204,11206],{"id":11203},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11205,9124],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11208,11209,11210,358],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11211,11096],{},[1127,11213,5169,11215,11218],{"id":11214},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11216,11217],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11220,11221],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1127,11223,11225,11226,11228],{"id":11224},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11227,9124],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11230,11231,11232,11235],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11233,11234],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[45,11237,1927],{"id":1926},[29,11239,11240,11245,11249,11254,11260],{},[32,11241,11242],{},[354,11243,11244],{"href":9391},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[32,11246,11247],{},[354,11248,9160],{"href":9159},[32,11250,11251],{},[354,11252,11253],{"href":10732},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,11255,11256],{},[354,11257,10738,11258,10742],{"href":10737},[15,11259,10741],{},[32,11261,11262],{},[354,11263,11264],{"href":11076},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1953,11266,11267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":11269},[11270,11272,11278,11279,11280,11281,11288,11294,11295,11305],{"id":9345,"depth":110,"text":11271},"What dict() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":11273},[11274,11275,11276,11277],{"id":9402,"depth":117,"text":9403},{"id":9444,"depth":117,"text":9445},{"id":9548,"depth":117,"text":9549},{"id":9638,"depth":117,"text":9639},{"id":9750,"depth":110,"text":9403},{"id":9854,"depth":110,"text":9855},{"id":10277,"depth":110,"text":10278},{"id":10583,"depth":110,"text":11282,"children":11283},"dict() vs {}",[11284,11286],{"id":10599,"depth":117,"text":11285},"Use {} when:",{"id":10625,"depth":117,"text":11287},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10745,"depth":110,"text":10746,"children":11289},[11290,11291,11292,11293],{"id":10754,"depth":117,"text":10755},{"id":10875,"depth":117,"text":10876},{"id":10933,"depth":117,"text":10934},{"id":10990,"depth":117,"text":10991},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":11296},[11297,11299,11301,11303],{"id":11188,"depth":117,"text":11298},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11203,"depth":117,"text":11300},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11214,"depth":117,"text":11302},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11224,"depth":117,"text":11304},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9116,"description":11306},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11313,"title":11314,"body":11315,"description":12824,"extension":1988,"meta":12825,"navigation":113,"path":12826,"seo":12827,"stem":12828,"__hash__":12829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11316,"toc":12793},[11317,11325,11331,11338,11340,11401,11406,11411,11416,11434,11437,11441,11443,11459,11462,11475,11479,11482,11616,11618,11685,11688,11704,11709,11715,11718,11799,11801,11815,11819,11825,11890,11892,11900,11903,11926,11932,11995,12001,12004,12018,12031,12035,12046,12051,12062,12069,12073,12079,12201,12203,12229,12232,12249,12252,12363,12365,12414,12416,12429,12438,12443,12448,12459,12461,12564,12587,12589,12593,12612,12615,12673,12676,12702,12704,12710,12713,12719,12723,12730,12738,12744,12747,12749,12790],[10,11318,11320,11321,11324],{"id":11319},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11322,11323],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11326,11327,11330],{},[15,11328,11329],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11332,11333,11334,11337],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[549,11335,11336],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[45,11339,48],{"id":47},[50,11341,11343],{"className":52,"code":11342,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11344,11345,11377,11388],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11346,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11348,9170],{"class":65},[59,11350,70],{"class":69},[59,11352,10491],{"class":73},[59,11354,78],{"class":77},[59,11356,354],{"class":81},[59,11358,78],{"class":77},[59,11360,1002],{"class":73},[59,11362,5506],{"class":178},[59,11364,87],{"class":73},[59,11366,90],{"class":77},[59,11368,442],{"class":81},[59,11370,78],{"class":77},[59,11372,1002],{"class":73},[59,11374,3009],{"class":178},[59,11376,9309],{"class":73},[59,11378,11379,11381,11383,11386],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11380,9208],{"class":65},[59,11382,358],{"class":73},[59,11384,11385],{"class":142},"clear",[59,11387,8647],{"class":73},[59,11389,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11391,715],{"class":135},[59,11393,139],{"class":73},[59,11395,9208],{"class":142},[59,11397,3675],{"class":73},[59,11399,11400],{"class":3678},"  # {}\n",[20,11402,11403,11405],{},[15,11404,11323],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[45,11407,208,11409,211],{"id":11408},"what-clear-does",[15,11410,11323],{},[20,11412,2005,11413,11415],{},[15,11414,11323],{}," method:",[29,11417,11418,11421,11424,11429],{},[32,11419,11420],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[32,11422,11423],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[32,11425,11426,11427],{},"Returns ",[15,11428,3792],{},[32,11430,11431,11432],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11433,3806],{},[20,11435,11436],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11438,9156,11439,358],{},[354,11440,9160],{"href":9159},[45,11442,362],{"id":361},[50,11444,11446],{"className":52,"code":11445,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11447,11448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11449,11450,11453,11455,11457],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11451,11452],{"class":65},"my_dict",[59,11454,358],{"class":73},[59,11456,11385],{"class":142},[59,11458,8647],{"class":73},[20,11460,11461],{},"Important points:",[29,11463,11464,11469,11472],{},[32,11465,11466,11468],{},[15,11467,11323],{}," takes no arguments",[32,11470,11471],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[32,11473,11474],{},"It empties that dictionary",[45,11476,11478],{"id":11477},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11480,11481],{},"Here is a basic example:",[50,11483,11485],{"className":52,"code":11484,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11486,11487,11497,11518,11532,11549,11553,11557,11577,11581,11592,11596],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11488,11489,11492,11494],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11490,11491],{"class":65},"user ",[59,11493,70],{"class":69},[59,11495,11496],{"class":73}," {\n",[59,11498,11499,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11513,11515],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11500,11501],{"class":77},"    \"",[59,11503,7676],{"class":81},[59,11505,78],{"class":77},[59,11507,1002],{"class":73},[59,11509,90],{"class":77},[59,11511,11512],{"class":81},"Maya",[59,11514,78],{"class":77},[59,11516,11517],{"class":73},",\n",[59,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11521,11501],{"class":77},[59,11523,9299],{"class":81},[59,11525,78],{"class":77},[59,11527,1002],{"class":73},[59,11529,9306],{"class":178},[59,11531,11517],{"class":73},[59,11533,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11547],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,11535,11501],{"class":77},[59,11537,10409],{"class":81},[59,11539,78],{"class":77},[59,11541,1002],{"class":73},[59,11543,90],{"class":77},[59,11545,11546],{"class":81},"Berlin",[59,11548,3374],{"class":77},[59,11550,11551],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,11552,9309],{"class":73},[59,11554,11555],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,11556,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11558,11559,11561,11563,11565,11568,11570,11572,11575],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,11560,715],{"class":135},[59,11562,139],{"class":73},[59,11564,78],{"class":77},[59,11566,11567],{"class":81},"Before:",[59,11569,78],{"class":77},[59,11571,87],{"class":73},[59,11573,11574],{"class":142}," user",[59,11576,165],{"class":73},[59,11578,11579],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,11580,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11582,11583,11586,11588,11590],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,11584,11585],{"class":65},"user",[59,11587,358],{"class":73},[59,11589,11385],{"class":142},[59,11591,8647],{"class":73},[59,11593,11594],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,11595,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11608,11610,11612,11614],{"class":61,"line":11598},11,[59,11600,715],{"class":135},[59,11602,139],{"class":73},[59,11604,78],{"class":77},[59,11606,11607],{"class":81},"After:",[59,11609,78],{"class":77},[59,11611,87],{"class":73},[59,11613,11574],{"class":142},[59,11615,165],{"class":73},[20,11617,5568],{},[50,11619,11621],{"className":52,"code":11620,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11622,11623,11676],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11624,11625,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11626,11627],{"class":65},"Before",[59,11629,1002],{"class":73},[59,11631,10491],{"class":73},[59,11633,1725],{"class":77},[59,11635,7676],{"class":81},[59,11637,1725],{"class":77},[59,11639,1002],{"class":73},[59,11641,1734],{"class":77},[59,11643,11512],{"class":81},[59,11645,1725],{"class":77},[59,11647,87],{"class":73},[59,11649,1734],{"class":77},[59,11651,9299],{"class":81},[59,11653,1725],{"class":77},[59,11655,1002],{"class":73},[59,11657,9306],{"class":178},[59,11659,87],{"class":73},[59,11661,1734],{"class":77},[59,11663,10409],{"class":81},[59,11665,1725],{"class":77},[59,11667,1002],{"class":73},[59,11669,1734],{"class":77},[59,11671,11546],{"class":81},[59,11673,1725],{"class":77},[59,11675,9309],{"class":73},[59,11677,11678,11681,11683],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11679,11680],{"class":65},"After",[59,11682,1002],{"class":73},[59,11684,9838],{"class":73},[20,11686,11687],{},"What happens here:",[29,11689,11690,11695,11701],{},[32,11691,11692,11694],{},[15,11693,11585],{}," starts with three items",[32,11696,11697,11700],{},[15,11698,11699],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[32,11702,11703],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[45,11705,208,11707,542],{"id":11706},"what-clear-returns",[15,11708,11323],{},[20,11710,11711,2414,11713,358],{},[15,11712,11323],{},[15,11714,3792],{},[20,11716,11717],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[50,11719,11721],{"className":52,"code":11720,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11722,11723,11756,11760,11775,11779,11789],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11724,11725,11728,11730,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11726,11727],{"class":65},"my_dict ",[59,11729,70],{"class":69},[59,11731,10491],{"class":73},[59,11733,78],{"class":77},[59,11735,1260],{"class":81},[59,11737,78],{"class":77},[59,11739,1002],{"class":73},[59,11741,5506],{"class":178},[59,11743,87],{"class":73},[59,11745,90],{"class":77},[59,11747,1269],{"class":81},[59,11749,78],{"class":77},[59,11751,1002],{"class":73},[59,11753,3009],{"class":178},[59,11755,9309],{"class":73},[59,11757,11758],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11759,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11761,11762,11764,11766,11769,11771,11773],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11763,692],{"class":65},[59,11765,70],{"class":69},[59,11767,11768],{"class":65}," my_dict",[59,11770,358],{"class":73},[59,11772,11385],{"class":142},[59,11774,8647],{"class":73},[59,11776,11777],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,11778,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11780,11781,11783,11785,11787],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,11782,715],{"class":135},[59,11784,139],{"class":73},[59,11786,720],{"class":142},[59,11788,165],{"class":73},[59,11790,11791,11793,11795,11797],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,11792,715],{"class":135},[59,11794,139],{"class":73},[59,11796,11452],{"class":142},[59,11798,165],{"class":73},[20,11800,168],{},[50,11802,11804],{"className":52,"code":11803,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\n{}\n",[15,11805,11806,11811],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11807,11808],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11809,11810],{"class":3867},"None\n",[59,11812,11813],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11814,9435],{"class":73},[1127,11816,11818],{"id":11817},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11820,11821,11822,11824],{},"Do ",[549,11823,4647],{}," do this:",[50,11826,11828],{"className":52,"code":11827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11829,11830,11862,11876,11880],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11831,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11833,11727],{"class":65},[59,11835,70],{"class":69},[59,11837,10491],{"class":73},[59,11839,78],{"class":77},[59,11841,1260],{"class":81},[59,11843,78],{"class":77},[59,11845,1002],{"class":73},[59,11847,5506],{"class":178},[59,11849,87],{"class":73},[59,11851,90],{"class":77},[59,11853,1269],{"class":81},[59,11855,78],{"class":77},[59,11857,1002],{"class":73},[59,11859,3009],{"class":178},[59,11861,9309],{"class":73},[59,11863,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11865,11727],{"class":65},[59,11867,70],{"class":69},[59,11869,11768],{"class":65},[59,11871,358],{"class":73},[59,11873,11385],{"class":142},[59,11875,8647],{"class":73},[59,11877,11878],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11879,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11881,11882,11884,11886,11888],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,11883,715],{"class":135},[59,11885,139],{"class":73},[59,11887,11452],{"class":142},[59,11889,165],{"class":73},[20,11891,168],{},[50,11893,11894],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,11895,11896],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11897,11898],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11899,11810],{"class":3867},[20,11901,11902],{},"Why this happens:",[29,11904,11905,11911,11916],{},[32,11906,11907,11910],{},[15,11908,11909],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[32,11912,11913,11914],{},"The method returns ",[15,11915,3792],{},[32,11917,11918,11919,11922,11923,11925],{},"Then ",[15,11920,11921],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11924,3792],{}," in the variable",[20,11927,11928,11929,11931],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11930,11323],{}," by itself:",[50,11933,11935],{"className":52,"code":11934,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11936,11937,11969,11979,11983],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,11938,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,11940,11727],{"class":65},[59,11942,70],{"class":69},[59,11944,10491],{"class":73},[59,11946,78],{"class":77},[59,11948,1260],{"class":81},[59,11950,78],{"class":77},[59,11952,1002],{"class":73},[59,11954,5506],{"class":178},[59,11956,87],{"class":73},[59,11958,90],{"class":77},[59,11960,1269],{"class":81},[59,11962,78],{"class":77},[59,11964,1002],{"class":73},[59,11966,3009],{"class":178},[59,11968,9309],{"class":73},[59,11970,11971,11973,11975,11977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,11972,11452],{"class":65},[59,11974,358],{"class":73},[59,11976,11385],{"class":142},[59,11978,8647],{"class":73},[59,11980,11981],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,11982,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,11984,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,11986,715],{"class":135},[59,11988,139],{"class":73},[59,11990,11452],{"class":142},[59,11992,3675],{"class":73},[59,11994,11400],{"class":3678},[45,11996,11998,12000],{"id":11997},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11999,11323],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12002,12003],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[50,12005,12006],{"className":52,"code":11445,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,12007,12008],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12009,12010,12012,12014,12016],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12011,11452],{"class":65},[59,12013,358],{"class":73},[59,12015,11385],{"class":142},[59,12017,8647],{"class":73},[50,12019,12021],{"className":52,"code":12020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12022,12023],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12024,12025,12027,12029],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12026,11727],{"class":65},[59,12028,70],{"class":69},[59,12030,9838],{"class":73},[1127,12032,12033],{"id":11385},[15,12034,11323],{},[29,12036,12037,12040,12043],{},[32,12038,12039],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[32,12041,12042],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[32,12044,12045],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1127,12047,12048],{"id":11452},[15,12049,12050],{},"my_dict = {}",[29,12052,12053,12056,12059],{},[32,12054,12055],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[32,12057,12058],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[32,12060,12061],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12063,12064,12065,358],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[354,12066,12068],{"href":12067},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[45,12070,12072],{"id":12071},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12074,12075,12076,12078],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12077,11323],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[50,12080,12082],{"className":52,"code":12081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12083,12084,12117,12127,12131,12142,12146,12166,12186],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12085,12086,12089,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12087,12088],{"class":65},"original ",[59,12090,70],{"class":69},[59,12092,10491],{"class":73},[59,12094,78],{"class":77},[59,12096,354],{"class":81},[59,12098,78],{"class":77},[59,12100,1002],{"class":73},[59,12102,5506],{"class":178},[59,12104,87],{"class":73},[59,12106,90],{"class":77},[59,12108,442],{"class":81},[59,12110,78],{"class":77},[59,12112,1002],{"class":73},[59,12114,3009],{"class":178},[59,12116,9309],{"class":73},[59,12118,12119,12122,12124],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12120,12121],{"class":65},"other_ref ",[59,12123,70],{"class":69},[59,12125,12126],{"class":65}," original\n",[59,12128,12129],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12130,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12132,12133,12136,12138,12140],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,12134,12135],{"class":65},"original",[59,12137,358],{"class":73},[59,12139,11385],{"class":142},[59,12141,8647],{"class":73},[59,12143,12144],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,12145,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12147,12148,12150,12152,12154,12157,12159,12161,12164],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,12149,715],{"class":135},[59,12151,139],{"class":73},[59,12153,78],{"class":77},[59,12155,12156],{"class":81},"original:",[59,12158,78],{"class":77},[59,12160,87],{"class":73},[59,12162,12163],{"class":142}," original",[59,12165,165],{"class":73},[59,12167,12168,12170,12172,12174,12177,12179,12181,12184],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,12169,715],{"class":135},[59,12171,139],{"class":73},[59,12173,78],{"class":77},[59,12175,12176],{"class":81},"other_ref:",[59,12178,78],{"class":77},[59,12180,87],{"class":73},[59,12182,12183],{"class":142}," other_ref",[59,12185,165],{"class":73},[59,12187,12188,12190,12192,12194,12197,12199],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,12189,715],{"class":135},[59,12191,139],{"class":73},[59,12193,12088],{"class":142},[59,12195,12196],{"class":120},"is",[59,12198,12183],{"class":142},[59,12200,165],{"class":73},[20,12202,168],{},[50,12204,12206],{"className":52,"code":12205,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12207,12208,12216,12225],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12209,12210,12212,12214],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12211,12135],{"class":65},[59,12213,1002],{"class":73},[59,12215,9838],{"class":73},[59,12217,12218,12221,12223],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12219,12220],{"class":65},"other_ref",[59,12222,1002],{"class":73},[59,12224,9838],{"class":73},[59,12226,12227],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12228,3994],{"class":3867},[20,12230,12231],{},"This shows:",[29,12233,12234,12241,12246],{},[32,12235,12236,4408,12238,12240],{},[15,12237,12135],{},[15,12239,12220],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[32,12242,12243,12245],{},[15,12244,11323],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[32,12247,12248],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12250,12251],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[50,12253,12255],{"className":52,"code":12254,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12256,12257,12289,12297,12301,12309,12313,12331,12349],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12258,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285,12287],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12260,12088],{"class":65},[59,12262,70],{"class":69},[59,12264,10491],{"class":73},[59,12266,78],{"class":77},[59,12268,354],{"class":81},[59,12270,78],{"class":77},[59,12272,1002],{"class":73},[59,12274,5506],{"class":178},[59,12276,87],{"class":73},[59,12278,90],{"class":77},[59,12280,442],{"class":81},[59,12282,78],{"class":77},[59,12284,1002],{"class":73},[59,12286,3009],{"class":178},[59,12288,9309],{"class":73},[59,12290,12291,12293,12295],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12292,12121],{"class":65},[59,12294,70],{"class":69},[59,12296,12126],{"class":65},[59,12298,12299],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12300,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12302,12303,12305,12307],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,12304,12088],{"class":65},[59,12306,70],{"class":69},[59,12308,9838],{"class":73},[59,12310,12311],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,12312,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12314,12315,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,12316,715],{"class":135},[59,12318,139],{"class":73},[59,12320,78],{"class":77},[59,12322,12156],{"class":81},[59,12324,78],{"class":77},[59,12326,87],{"class":73},[59,12328,12163],{"class":142},[59,12330,165],{"class":73},[59,12332,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,12334,715],{"class":135},[59,12336,139],{"class":73},[59,12338,78],{"class":77},[59,12340,12176],{"class":81},[59,12342,78],{"class":77},[59,12344,87],{"class":73},[59,12346,12183],{"class":142},[59,12348,165],{"class":73},[59,12350,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359,12361],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,12352,715],{"class":135},[59,12354,139],{"class":73},[59,12356,12088],{"class":142},[59,12358,12196],{"class":120},[59,12360,12183],{"class":142},[59,12362,165],{"class":73},[20,12364,168],{},[50,12366,12368],{"className":52,"code":12367,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12369,12370,12378,12410],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12371,12372,12374,12376],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12373,12135],{"class":65},[59,12375,1002],{"class":73},[59,12377,9838],{"class":73},[59,12379,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12381,12220],{"class":65},[59,12383,1002],{"class":73},[59,12385,10491],{"class":73},[59,12387,1725],{"class":77},[59,12389,354],{"class":81},[59,12391,1725],{"class":77},[59,12393,1002],{"class":73},[59,12395,5506],{"class":178},[59,12397,87],{"class":73},[59,12399,1734],{"class":77},[59,12401,442],{"class":81},[59,12403,1725],{"class":77},[59,12405,1002],{"class":73},[59,12407,3009],{"class":178},[59,12409,9309],{"class":73},[59,12411,12412],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12413,4055],{"class":3867},[20,12415,2199],{},[29,12417,12418,12424],{},[32,12419,12420,12423],{},[15,12421,12422],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[32,12425,12426,12428],{},[15,12427,12220],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12430,12431,12432,358],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[354,12433,12435],{"href":12434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12436,12437],{},"dict.copy()",[45,12439,776,12441],{"id":12440},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12442,11323],{},[20,12444,12445,12447],{},[15,12446,11323],{}," is useful when you want to:",[29,12449,12450,12453,12456],{},[32,12451,12452],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[32,12454,12455],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[32,12457,12458],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12460,239],{},[50,12462,12464],{"className":52,"code":12463,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12465,12466,12475,12491,12511,12524,12528,12532,12537,12548,12552],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12467,12468,12471,12473],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12469,12470],{"class":65},"session_data ",[59,12472,70],{"class":69},[59,12474,11496],{"class":73},[59,12476,12477,12479,12482,12484,12486,12489],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12478,11501],{"class":77},[59,12480,12481],{"class":81},"user_id",[59,12483,78],{"class":77},[59,12485,1002],{"class":73},[59,12487,12488],{"class":178}," 101",[59,12490,11517],{"class":73},[59,12492,12493,12495,12498,12500,12502,12504,12507,12509],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12494,11501],{"class":77},[59,12496,12497],{"class":81},"theme",[59,12499,78],{"class":77},[59,12501,1002],{"class":73},[59,12503,90],{"class":77},[59,12505,12506],{"class":81},"dark",[59,12508,78],{"class":77},[59,12510,11517],{"class":73},[59,12512,12513,12515,12518,12520,12522],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,12514,11501],{"class":77},[59,12516,12517],{"class":81},"logged_in",[59,12519,78],{"class":77},[59,12521,1002],{"class":73},[59,12523,6429],{"class":3867},[59,12525,12526],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,12527,9309],{"class":73},[59,12529,12530],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,12531,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12533,12534],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,12535,12536],{"class":3678},"# Reset for a new session\n",[59,12538,12539,12542,12544,12546],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,12540,12541],{"class":65},"session_data",[59,12543,358],{"class":73},[59,12545,11385],{"class":142},[59,12547,8647],{"class":73},[59,12549,12550],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,12551,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12553,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,12555,715],{"class":135},[59,12557,139],{"class":73},[59,12559,12541],{"class":142},[59,12561,3675],{"class":73},[59,12563,11400],{"class":3678},[20,12565,12566,12567,12573,12574,358,12578,12580,12581,358],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[354,12568,12570],{"href":12569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12571,12572],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[354,12575,12577],{"href":12576},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9846,12579],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[354,12582,12584],{"href":12583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12585,12586],{},"dict.popitem()",[45,12588,1579],{"id":1578},[20,12590,10749,12591,1002],{},[15,12592,11323],{},[29,12594,12595,12601,12606,12609],{},[32,12596,12597,12598,12600],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12599,11323],{}," to a variable",[32,12602,8456,12603,12605],{},[15,12604,11323],{}," to return a new dictionary",[32,12607,12608],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[32,12610,12611],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12613,12614],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[50,12616,12618],{"className":52,"code":12617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12619,12620,12630,12644,12659],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12621,12622,12624,12626,12628],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12623,715],{"class":135},[59,12625,139],{"class":73},[59,12627,11452],{"class":142},[59,12629,165],{"class":73},[59,12631,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12633,715],{"class":135},[59,12635,139],{"class":73},[59,12637,3239],{"class":697},[59,12639,139],{"class":73},[59,12641,11452],{"class":142},[59,12643,710],{"class":73},[59,12645,12646,12648,12650,12653,12655,12657],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12647,715],{"class":135},[59,12649,139],{"class":73},[59,12651,12652],{"class":135},"id",[59,12654,139],{"class":73},[59,12656,11452],{"class":142},[59,12658,710],{"class":73},[59,12660,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,12662,715],{"class":135},[59,12664,139],{"class":73},[59,12666,12121],{"class":142},[59,12668,12196],{"class":120},[59,12670,11768],{"class":142},[59,12672,165],{"class":73},[20,12674,12675],{},"What these show:",[29,12677,12678,12684,12690,12696],{},[32,12679,12680,12683],{},[15,12681,12682],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[32,12685,12686,12689],{},[15,12687,12688],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[32,12691,12692,12695],{},[15,12693,12694],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[32,12697,12698,12701],{},[15,12699,12700],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[45,12703,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,12705,1882,12707,12709],{"id":12706},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12708,11323],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12711,12712],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1127,12714,1872,12716,12718],{"id":12715},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12717,11329],{}," return?",[20,12720,5159,12721,358],{},[15,12722,3792],{},[1127,12724,5190,12726,4408,12728,1905],{"id":12725},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12727,11323],{},[15,12729,3806],{},[20,12731,12732,12734,12735,12737],{},[15,12733,11323],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12736,3806],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1127,12739,1882,12741,12743],{"id":12740},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12742,11323],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12745,12746],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[45,12748,1927],{"id":1926},[29,12750,12751,12755,12759,12766,12773,12780,12785],{},[32,12752,12753],{},[354,12754,9160],{"href":9159},[32,12756,12757],{},[354,12758,11244],{"href":9391},[32,12760,12761],{},[354,12762,10738,12763,10742],{"href":12569},[15,12764,12765],{},"pop()",[32,12767,12768],{},[354,12769,10738,12770,10742],{"href":12583},[15,12771,12772],{},"popitem()",[32,12774,12775],{},[354,12776,10738,12777,10742],{"href":12434},[15,12778,12779],{},"copy()",[32,12781,12782],{},[354,12783,12784],{"href":12067},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,12786,12787],{},[354,12788,12789],{"href":12576},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1953,12791,12792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":12794},[12795,12796,12798,12799,12800,12804,12809,12810,12812,12813,12823],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":11408,"depth":110,"text":12797},"What clear() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":11706,"depth":110,"text":12801,"children":12802},"What clear() returns",[12803],{"id":11817,"depth":117,"text":11818},{"id":11997,"depth":110,"text":12805,"children":12806},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12807,12808],{"id":11385,"depth":117,"text":11323},{"id":11452,"depth":117,"text":12050},{"id":12071,"depth":110,"text":12072},{"id":12440,"depth":110,"text":12811},"When to use clear()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":12814},[12815,12817,12819,12821],{"id":12706,"depth":117,"text":12816},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12715,"depth":117,"text":12818},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12725,"depth":117,"text":12820},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12740,"depth":117,"text":12822},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11314,"description":12824},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12831,"title":12832,"body":12833,"description":14997,"extension":1988,"meta":14998,"navigation":113,"path":14999,"seo":15000,"stem":15001,"__hash__":15002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12834,"toc":14969},[12835,12840,12845,12855,12857,12945,12949,12990,12995,13002,13020,13029,13031,13052,13055,13067,13069,13144,13148,13189,13191,13194,13322,13326,13406,13409,13427,13430,13434,13440,13442,13453,13455,13650,13654,13760,13763,13781,13784,13791,13796,13800,13814,13816,13943,13947,14027,14040,14046,14049,14057,14061,14187,14191,14265,14270,14401,14405,14479,14482,14496,14500,14504,14518,14520,14656,14660,14729,14731,14736,14758,14761,14868,14871,14882,14889,14891,14897,14900,14907,14910,14917,14925,14929,14932,14934,14966],[10,12836,11320,12838,11324],{"id":12837},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12839,12779],{},[20,12841,12842,12844],{},[15,12843,12437],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12846,12847,12848,12850,12851,12854],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12849,12779],{}," makes a ",[549,12852,12853],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[45,12856,48],{"id":47},[50,12858,12860],{"className":52,"code":12859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12861,12862,12899,12916,12920,12931],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12863,12864,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12865,12866],{"class":65},"student ",[59,12868,70],{"class":69},[59,12870,10491],{"class":73},[59,12872,78],{"class":77},[59,12874,7676],{"class":81},[59,12876,78],{"class":77},[59,12878,1002],{"class":73},[59,12880,90],{"class":77},[59,12882,258],{"class":81},[59,12884,78],{"class":77},[59,12886,87],{"class":73},[59,12888,90],{"class":77},[59,12890,9299],{"class":81},[59,12892,78],{"class":77},[59,12894,1002],{"class":73},[59,12896,676],{"class":178},[59,12898,9309],{"class":73},[59,12900,12901,12904,12906,12909,12911,12914],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12902,12903],{"class":65},"student_copy ",[59,12905,70],{"class":69},[59,12907,12908],{"class":65}," student",[59,12910,358],{"class":73},[59,12912,12913],{"class":142},"copy",[59,12915,8647],{"class":73},[59,12917,12918],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,12919,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,12921,12922,12924,12926,12929],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,12923,715],{"class":135},[59,12925,139],{"class":73},[59,12927,12928],{"class":142},"student_copy",[59,12930,165],{"class":73},[59,12932,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,12934,715],{"class":135},[59,12936,139],{"class":73},[59,12938,12903],{"class":142},[59,12940,12196],{"class":120},[59,12942,12908],{"class":142},[59,12944,165],{"class":73},[20,12946,12947],{},[549,12948,168],{},[50,12950,12952],{"className":52,"code":12951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12953,12954,12986],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,12955,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,12957,893],{"class":73},[59,12959,1725],{"class":77},[59,12961,7676],{"class":81},[59,12963,1725],{"class":77},[59,12965,1002],{"class":73},[59,12967,1734],{"class":77},[59,12969,258],{"class":81},[59,12971,1725],{"class":77},[59,12973,87],{"class":73},[59,12975,1734],{"class":77},[59,12977,9299],{"class":81},[59,12979,1725],{"class":77},[59,12981,1002],{"class":73},[59,12983,676],{"class":178},[59,12985,9309],{"class":73},[59,12987,12988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,12989,4055],{"class":3867},[20,12991,201,12992,12994],{},[15,12993,12779],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[45,12996,12998,12999,13001],{"id":12997},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13000,12779],{}," method does",[29,13003,13004,13009,13012,13017],{},[32,13005,13006,13008],{},[15,13007,12437],{}," returns a new dictionary",[32,13010,13011],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[32,13013,13014,13015],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13016,12779],{},[32,13018,13019],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13021,13022,13023,2896,13026,358],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[354,13024,9160],{"href":13025},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[354,13027,9392],{"href":13028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[45,13030,362],{"id":361},[50,13032,13034],{"className":52,"code":13033,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13035,13036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13037,13038,13041,13043,13046,13048,13050],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13039,13040],{"class":65},"new_dict ",[59,13042,70],{"class":69},[59,13044,13045],{"class":65}," old_dict",[59,13047,358],{"class":73},[59,13049,12913],{"class":142},[59,13051,8647],{"class":73},[20,13053,13054],{},"Key points:",[29,13056,13057,13061,13064],{},[32,13058,13059,11468],{},[15,13060,12779],{},[32,13062,13063],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[32,13065,13066],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13068,239],{},[50,13070,13072],{"className":52,"code":13071,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13073,13074,13114,13129,13133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13075,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13077,66],{"class":65},[59,13079,70],{"class":69},[59,13081,10491],{"class":73},[59,13083,78],{"class":77},[59,13085,354],{"class":81},[59,13087,78],{"class":77},[59,13089,1002],{"class":73},[59,13091,90],{"class":77},[59,13093,82],{"class":81},[59,13095,78],{"class":77},[59,13097,87],{"class":73},[59,13099,90],{"class":77},[59,13101,442],{"class":81},[59,13103,78],{"class":77},[59,13105,1002],{"class":73},[59,13107,90],{"class":77},[59,13109,102],{"class":81},[59,13111,78],{"class":77},[59,13113,9309],{"class":73},[59,13115,13116,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13117,13118],{"class":65},"new_colors ",[59,13120,70],{"class":69},[59,13122,1558],{"class":65},[59,13124,358],{"class":73},[59,13126,12913],{"class":142},[59,13128,8647],{"class":73},[59,13130,13131],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,13132,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13134,13135,13137,13139,13142],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,13136,715],{"class":135},[59,13138,139],{"class":73},[59,13140,13141],{"class":142},"new_colors",[59,13143,165],{"class":73},[20,13145,13146],{},[549,13147,168],{},[50,13149,13151],{"className":52,"code":13150,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13152,13153],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13154,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13156,893],{"class":73},[59,13158,1725],{"class":77},[59,13160,354],{"class":81},[59,13162,1725],{"class":77},[59,13164,1002],{"class":73},[59,13166,1734],{"class":77},[59,13168,82],{"class":81},[59,13170,1725],{"class":77},[59,13172,87],{"class":73},[59,13174,1734],{"class":77},[59,13176,442],{"class":81},[59,13178,1725],{"class":77},[59,13180,1002],{"class":73},[59,13182,1734],{"class":77},[59,13184,102],{"class":81},[59,13186,1725],{"class":77},[59,13188,9309],{"class":73},[45,13190,11478],{"id":11477},[20,13192,13193],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[50,13195,13197],{"className":52,"code":13196,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13198,13199,13237,13253,13257,13279,13283,13302],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13200,13201,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13202,13203],{"class":65},"person ",[59,13205,70],{"class":69},[59,13207,10491],{"class":73},[59,13209,78],{"class":77},[59,13211,7676],{"class":81},[59,13213,78],{"class":77},[59,13215,1002],{"class":73},[59,13217,90],{"class":77},[59,13219,13220],{"class":81},"Liam",[59,13222,78],{"class":77},[59,13224,87],{"class":73},[59,13226,90],{"class":77},[59,13228,9299],{"class":81},[59,13230,78],{"class":77},[59,13232,1002],{"class":73},[59,13234,9306],{"class":178},[59,13236,9309],{"class":73},[59,13238,13239,13242,13244,13247,13249,13251],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13240,13241],{"class":65},"person_copy ",[59,13243,70],{"class":69},[59,13245,13246],{"class":65}," person",[59,13248,358],{"class":73},[59,13250,12913],{"class":142},[59,13252,8647],{"class":73},[59,13254,13255],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,13256,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13258,13259,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13273,13276],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,13260,13261],{"class":65},"person_copy",[59,13263,3914],{"class":73},[59,13265,78],{"class":77},[59,13267,9299],{"class":81},[59,13269,78],{"class":77},[59,13271,13272],{"class":73},"]",[59,13274,13275],{"class":69}," =",[59,13277,13278],{"class":178}," 26\n",[59,13280,13281],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,13282,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13284,13285,13287,13289,13291,13294,13296,13298,13300],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,13286,715],{"class":135},[59,13288,139],{"class":73},[59,13290,78],{"class":77},[59,13292,13293],{"class":81},"Original:",[59,13295,78],{"class":77},[59,13297,87],{"class":73},[59,13299,13246],{"class":142},[59,13301,165],{"class":73},[59,13303,13304,13306,13308,13310,13313,13315,13317,13320],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,13305,715],{"class":135},[59,13307,139],{"class":73},[59,13309,78],{"class":77},[59,13311,13312],{"class":81},"Copy:",[59,13314,78],{"class":77},[59,13316,87],{"class":73},[59,13318,13319],{"class":142}," person_copy",[59,13321,165],{"class":73},[20,13323,13324],{},[549,13325,168],{},[50,13327,13329],{"className":52,"code":13328,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13330,13331,13368],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13332,13333,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13334,13335],{"class":65},"Original",[59,13337,1002],{"class":73},[59,13339,10491],{"class":73},[59,13341,1725],{"class":77},[59,13343,7676],{"class":81},[59,13345,1725],{"class":77},[59,13347,1002],{"class":73},[59,13349,1734],{"class":77},[59,13351,13220],{"class":81},[59,13353,1725],{"class":77},[59,13355,87],{"class":73},[59,13357,1734],{"class":77},[59,13359,9299],{"class":81},[59,13361,1725],{"class":77},[59,13363,1002],{"class":73},[59,13365,9306],{"class":178},[59,13367,9309],{"class":73},[59,13369,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13404],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13371,13372],{"class":65},"Copy",[59,13374,1002],{"class":73},[59,13376,10491],{"class":73},[59,13378,1725],{"class":77},[59,13380,7676],{"class":81},[59,13382,1725],{"class":77},[59,13384,1002],{"class":73},[59,13386,1734],{"class":77},[59,13388,13220],{"class":81},[59,13390,1725],{"class":77},[59,13392,87],{"class":73},[59,13394,1734],{"class":77},[59,13396,9299],{"class":81},[59,13398,1725],{"class":77},[59,13400,1002],{"class":73},[59,13402,13403],{"class":178}," 26",[59,13405,9309],{"class":73},[20,13407,13408],{},"What happened here:",[29,13410,13411,13417,13424],{},[32,13412,13413,13416],{},[15,13414,13415],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[32,13418,13419,13420,13423],{},"Changing ",[15,13421,13422],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[32,13425,13426],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13428,13429],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[45,13431,13433],{"id":13432},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13435,13436,12850,13438,358],{},[15,13437,12779],{},[549,13439,12853],{},[20,13441,2130],{},[29,13443,13444,13447,13450],{},[32,13445,13446],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[32,13448,13449],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[32,13451,13452],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13454,239],{},[50,13456,13458],{"className":52,"code":13457,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13459,13460,13468,13486,13509,13513,13517,13531,13535,13560,13564,13582,13601,13616],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13461,13462,13464,13466],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13463,12866],{"class":65},[59,13465,70],{"class":69},[59,13467,11496],{"class":73},[59,13469,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13471,11501],{"class":77},[59,13473,7676],{"class":81},[59,13475,78],{"class":77},[59,13477,1002],{"class":73},[59,13479,90],{"class":77},[59,13481,258],{"class":81},[59,13483,78],{"class":77},[59,13485,11517],{"class":73},[59,13487,13488,13490,13493,13495,13497,13499,13502,13504,13507],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,13489,11501],{"class":77},[59,13491,13492],{"class":81},"grades",[59,13494,78],{"class":77},[59,13496,1002],{"class":73},[59,13498,74],{"class":73},[59,13500,13501],{"class":178},"90",[59,13503,87],{"class":73},[59,13505,13506],{"class":178}," 85",[59,13508,107],{"class":73},[59,13510,13511],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,13512,9309],{"class":73},[59,13514,13515],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,13516,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13518,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,13520,12903],{"class":65},[59,13522,70],{"class":69},[59,13524,12908],{"class":65},[59,13526,358],{"class":73},[59,13528,12913],{"class":142},[59,13530,8647],{"class":73},[59,13532,13533],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,13534,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13536,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13550,13553,13555,13558],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,13538,12928],{"class":65},[59,13540,3914],{"class":73},[59,13542,78],{"class":77},[59,13544,13492],{"class":81},[59,13546,78],{"class":77},[59,13548,13549],{"class":73},"].",[59,13551,13552],{"class":142},"append",[59,13554,139],{"class":73},[59,13556,13557],{"class":178},"100",[59,13559,165],{"class":73},[59,13561,13562],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,13563,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13565,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,13567,715],{"class":135},[59,13569,139],{"class":73},[59,13571,78],{"class":77},[59,13573,13293],{"class":81},[59,13575,78],{"class":77},[59,13577,87],{"class":73},[59,13579,12908],{"class":142},[59,13581,165],{"class":73},[59,13583,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13599],{"class":61,"line":11598},[59,13585,715],{"class":135},[59,13587,139],{"class":73},[59,13589,78],{"class":77},[59,13591,13312],{"class":81},[59,13593,78],{"class":77},[59,13595,87],{"class":73},[59,13597,13598],{"class":142}," student_copy",[59,13600,165],{"class":73},[59,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614],{"class":61,"line":13603},12,[59,13605,715],{"class":135},[59,13607,139],{"class":73},[59,13609,12866],{"class":142},[59,13611,12196],{"class":120},[59,13613,13598],{"class":142},[59,13615,165],{"class":73},[59,13617,13619,13621,13623,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648],{"class":61,"line":13618},13,[59,13620,715],{"class":135},[59,13622,139],{"class":73},[59,13624,13625],{"class":142},"student",[59,13627,3914],{"class":73},[59,13629,78],{"class":77},[59,13631,13492],{"class":81},[59,13633,78],{"class":77},[59,13635,13272],{"class":73},[59,13637,8101],{"class":120},[59,13639,13598],{"class":142},[59,13641,3914],{"class":73},[59,13643,78],{"class":77},[59,13645,13492],{"class":81},[59,13647,78],{"class":77},[59,13649,3902],{"class":73},[20,13651,13652],{},[549,13653,168],{},[50,13655,13657],{"className":52,"code":13656,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13658,13659,13706,13752,13756],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13660,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13662,13335],{"class":65},[59,13664,1002],{"class":73},[59,13666,10491],{"class":73},[59,13668,1725],{"class":77},[59,13670,7676],{"class":81},[59,13672,1725],{"class":77},[59,13674,1002],{"class":73},[59,13676,1734],{"class":77},[59,13678,258],{"class":81},[59,13680,1725],{"class":77},[59,13682,87],{"class":73},[59,13684,1734],{"class":77},[59,13686,13492],{"class":81},[59,13688,1725],{"class":77},[59,13690,1002],{"class":73},[59,13692,74],{"class":73},[59,13694,13501],{"class":178},[59,13696,87],{"class":73},[59,13698,13506],{"class":178},[59,13700,87],{"class":73},[59,13702,10118],{"class":178},[59,13704,13705],{"class":73},"]}\n",[59,13707,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13709,13372],{"class":65},[59,13711,1002],{"class":73},[59,13713,10491],{"class":73},[59,13715,1725],{"class":77},[59,13717,7676],{"class":81},[59,13719,1725],{"class":77},[59,13721,1002],{"class":73},[59,13723,1734],{"class":77},[59,13725,258],{"class":81},[59,13727,1725],{"class":77},[59,13729,87],{"class":73},[59,13731,1734],{"class":77},[59,13733,13492],{"class":81},[59,13735,1725],{"class":77},[59,13737,1002],{"class":73},[59,13739,74],{"class":73},[59,13741,13501],{"class":178},[59,13743,87],{"class":73},[59,13745,13506],{"class":178},[59,13747,87],{"class":73},[59,13749,10118],{"class":178},[59,13751,13705],{"class":73},[59,13753,13754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,13755,4055],{"class":3867},[59,13757,13758],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,13759,3994],{"class":3867},[20,13761,13762],{},"Notice the difference:",[29,13764,13765,13773],{},[32,13766,13767,1205,13770,13772],{},[15,13768,13769],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13771,3689],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[32,13774,13775,1205,13778,13780],{},[15,13776,13777],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13779,3619],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13782,13783],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13785,13786,13787,358],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[354,13788,13790],{"href":13789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[45,13792,776,13794],{"id":13793},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13795,12779],{},[20,13797,201,13798,10602],{},[15,13799,12779],{},[29,13801,13802,13805,13808,13811],{},[32,13803,13804],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[32,13806,13807],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[32,13809,13810],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[32,13812,13813],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13815,239],{},[50,13817,13819],{"className":52,"code":13818,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13820,13821,13860,13876,13880,13900,13904,13923],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13822,13823,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13851,13853,13855,13858],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13824,13825],{"class":65},"settings ",[59,13827,70],{"class":69},[59,13829,10491],{"class":73},[59,13831,78],{"class":77},[59,13833,12497],{"class":81},[59,13835,78],{"class":77},[59,13837,1002],{"class":73},[59,13839,90],{"class":77},[59,13841,12506],{"class":81},[59,13843,78],{"class":77},[59,13845,87],{"class":73},[59,13847,90],{"class":77},[59,13849,13850],{"class":81},"font_size",[59,13852,78],{"class":77},[59,13854,1002],{"class":73},[59,13856,13857],{"class":178}," 14",[59,13859,9309],{"class":73},[59,13861,13862,13865,13867,13870,13872,13874],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13863,13864],{"class":65},"settings_backup ",[59,13866,70],{"class":69},[59,13868,13869],{"class":65}," settings",[59,13871,358],{"class":73},[59,13873,12913],{"class":142},[59,13875,8647],{"class":73},[59,13877,13878],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,13879,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13881,13882,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,13883,13884],{"class":65},"settings",[59,13886,3914],{"class":73},[59,13888,78],{"class":77},[59,13890,13850],{"class":81},[59,13892,78],{"class":77},[59,13894,13272],{"class":73},[59,13896,13275],{"class":69},[59,13898,13899],{"class":178}," 16\n",[59,13901,13902],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,13903,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,13905,13906,13908,13910,13912,13915,13917,13919,13921],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,13907,715],{"class":135},[59,13909,139],{"class":73},[59,13911,78],{"class":77},[59,13913,13914],{"class":81},"Current:",[59,13916,78],{"class":77},[59,13918,87],{"class":73},[59,13920,13869],{"class":142},[59,13922,165],{"class":73},[59,13924,13925,13927,13929,13931,13934,13936,13938,13941],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,13926,715],{"class":135},[59,13928,139],{"class":73},[59,13930,78],{"class":77},[59,13932,13933],{"class":81},"Backup:",[59,13935,78],{"class":77},[59,13937,87],{"class":73},[59,13939,13940],{"class":142}," settings_backup",[59,13942,165],{"class":73},[20,13944,13945],{},[549,13946,168],{},[50,13948,13950],{"className":52,"code":13949,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13951,13952,13990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,13953,13954,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13988],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,13955,13956],{"class":65},"Current",[59,13958,1002],{"class":73},[59,13960,10491],{"class":73},[59,13962,1725],{"class":77},[59,13964,12497],{"class":81},[59,13966,1725],{"class":77},[59,13968,1002],{"class":73},[59,13970,1734],{"class":77},[59,13972,12506],{"class":81},[59,13974,1725],{"class":77},[59,13976,87],{"class":73},[59,13978,1734],{"class":77},[59,13980,13850],{"class":81},[59,13982,1725],{"class":77},[59,13984,1002],{"class":73},[59,13986,13987],{"class":178}," 16",[59,13989,9309],{"class":73},[59,13991,13992,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,13993,13994],{"class":65},"Backup",[59,13996,1002],{"class":73},[59,13998,10491],{"class":73},[59,14000,1725],{"class":77},[59,14002,12497],{"class":81},[59,14004,1725],{"class":77},[59,14006,1002],{"class":73},[59,14008,1734],{"class":77},[59,14010,12506],{"class":81},[59,14012,1725],{"class":77},[59,14014,87],{"class":73},[59,14016,1734],{"class":77},[59,14018,13850],{"class":81},[59,14020,1725],{"class":77},[59,14022,1002],{"class":73},[59,14024,13857],{"class":178},[59,14026,9309],{"class":73},[20,14028,14029,14030,2896,14036,358],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[354,14031,14033],{"href":14032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14034,14035],{},"dict.update()",[354,14037,14038],{"href":12826},[15,14039,11329],{},[45,14041,14043,14045],{"id":14042},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14044,12779],{}," vs assignment",[20,14047,14048],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14050,1599,14051,14053,14054,14056],{},[15,14052,70],{}," does ",[549,14055,4647],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1127,14058,14060],{"id":14059},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[50,14062,14064],{"className":52,"code":14063,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14065,14066,14098,14107,14111,14131,14135,14153,14173],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14067,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14069,12088],{"class":65},[59,14071,70],{"class":69},[59,14073,10491],{"class":73},[59,14075,78],{"class":77},[59,14077,1260],{"class":81},[59,14079,78],{"class":77},[59,14081,1002],{"class":73},[59,14083,5506],{"class":178},[59,14085,87],{"class":73},[59,14087,90],{"class":77},[59,14089,1269],{"class":81},[59,14091,78],{"class":77},[59,14093,1002],{"class":73},[59,14095,3009],{"class":178},[59,14097,9309],{"class":73},[59,14099,14100,14103,14105],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14101,14102],{"class":65},"assigned ",[59,14104,70],{"class":69},[59,14106,12126],{"class":65},[59,14108,14109],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14110,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14112,14113,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,14114,14115],{"class":65},"assigned",[59,14117,3914],{"class":73},[59,14119,78],{"class":77},[59,14121,1260],{"class":81},[59,14123,78],{"class":77},[59,14125,13272],{"class":73},[59,14127,13275],{"class":69},[59,14129,14130],{"class":178}," 99\n",[59,14132,14133],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,14134,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,14138,715],{"class":135},[59,14140,139],{"class":73},[59,14142,78],{"class":77},[59,14144,13293],{"class":81},[59,14146,78],{"class":77},[59,14148,87],{"class":73},[59,14150,12163],{"class":142},[59,14152,165],{"class":73},[59,14154,14155,14157,14159,14161,14164,14166,14168,14171],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,14156,715],{"class":135},[59,14158,139],{"class":73},[59,14160,78],{"class":77},[59,14162,14163],{"class":81},"Assigned:",[59,14165,78],{"class":77},[59,14167,87],{"class":73},[59,14169,14170],{"class":142}," assigned",[59,14172,165],{"class":73},[59,14174,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,14176,715],{"class":135},[59,14178,139],{"class":73},[59,14180,12088],{"class":142},[59,14182,12196],{"class":120},[59,14184,14170],{"class":142},[59,14186,165],{"class":73},[20,14188,14189],{},[549,14190,168],{},[50,14192,14194],{"className":52,"code":14193,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14195,14196,14228,14261],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14197,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14199,13335],{"class":65},[59,14201,1002],{"class":73},[59,14203,10491],{"class":73},[59,14205,1725],{"class":77},[59,14207,1260],{"class":81},[59,14209,1725],{"class":77},[59,14211,1002],{"class":73},[59,14213,10197],{"class":178},[59,14215,87],{"class":73},[59,14217,1734],{"class":77},[59,14219,1269],{"class":81},[59,14221,1725],{"class":77},[59,14223,1002],{"class":73},[59,14225,3009],{"class":178},[59,14227,9309],{"class":73},[59,14229,14230,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14231,14232],{"class":65},"Assigned",[59,14234,1002],{"class":73},[59,14236,10491],{"class":73},[59,14238,1725],{"class":77},[59,14240,1260],{"class":81},[59,14242,1725],{"class":77},[59,14244,1002],{"class":73},[59,14246,10197],{"class":178},[59,14248,87],{"class":73},[59,14250,1734],{"class":77},[59,14252,1269],{"class":81},[59,14254,1725],{"class":77},[59,14256,1002],{"class":73},[59,14258,3009],{"class":178},[59,14260,9309],{"class":73},[59,14262,14263],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14264,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,14266,1599,14268],{"id":14267},"using-copy",[15,14269,12779],{},[50,14271,14273],{"className":52,"code":14272,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14274,14275,14307,14322,14326,14345,14349,14367,14387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14276,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14278,12088],{"class":65},[59,14280,70],{"class":69},[59,14282,10491],{"class":73},[59,14284,78],{"class":77},[59,14286,1260],{"class":81},[59,14288,78],{"class":77},[59,14290,1002],{"class":73},[59,14292,5506],{"class":178},[59,14294,87],{"class":73},[59,14296,90],{"class":77},[59,14298,1269],{"class":81},[59,14300,78],{"class":77},[59,14302,1002],{"class":73},[59,14304,3009],{"class":178},[59,14306,9309],{"class":73},[59,14308,14309,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14310,14311],{"class":65},"copied ",[59,14313,70],{"class":69},[59,14315,12163],{"class":65},[59,14317,358],{"class":73},[59,14319,12913],{"class":142},[59,14321,8647],{"class":73},[59,14323,14324],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14325,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14327,14328,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,14329,14330],{"class":65},"copied",[59,14332,3914],{"class":73},[59,14334,78],{"class":77},[59,14336,1260],{"class":81},[59,14338,78],{"class":77},[59,14340,13272],{"class":73},[59,14342,13275],{"class":69},[59,14344,14130],{"class":178},[59,14346,14347],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,14348,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14350,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,14352,715],{"class":135},[59,14354,139],{"class":73},[59,14356,78],{"class":77},[59,14358,13293],{"class":81},[59,14360,78],{"class":77},[59,14362,87],{"class":73},[59,14364,12163],{"class":142},[59,14366,165],{"class":73},[59,14368,14369,14371,14373,14375,14378,14380,14382,14385],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,14370,715],{"class":135},[59,14372,139],{"class":73},[59,14374,78],{"class":77},[59,14376,14377],{"class":81},"Copied:",[59,14379,78],{"class":77},[59,14381,87],{"class":73},[59,14383,14384],{"class":142}," copied",[59,14386,165],{"class":73},[59,14388,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,14390,715],{"class":135},[59,14392,139],{"class":73},[59,14394,12088],{"class":142},[59,14396,12196],{"class":120},[59,14398,14384],{"class":142},[59,14400,165],{"class":73},[20,14402,14403],{},[549,14404,168],{},[50,14406,14408],{"className":52,"code":14407,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14409,14410,14442,14475],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14411,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14413,13335],{"class":65},[59,14415,1002],{"class":73},[59,14417,10491],{"class":73},[59,14419,1725],{"class":77},[59,14421,1260],{"class":81},[59,14423,1725],{"class":77},[59,14425,1002],{"class":73},[59,14427,5506],{"class":178},[59,14429,87],{"class":73},[59,14431,1734],{"class":77},[59,14433,1269],{"class":81},[59,14435,1725],{"class":77},[59,14437,1002],{"class":73},[59,14439,3009],{"class":178},[59,14441,9309],{"class":73},[59,14443,14444,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14445,14446],{"class":65},"Copied",[59,14448,1002],{"class":73},[59,14450,10491],{"class":73},[59,14452,1725],{"class":77},[59,14454,1260],{"class":81},[59,14456,1725],{"class":77},[59,14458,1002],{"class":73},[59,14460,10197],{"class":178},[59,14462,87],{"class":73},[59,14464,1734],{"class":77},[59,14466,1269],{"class":81},[59,14468,1725],{"class":77},[59,14470,1002],{"class":73},[59,14472,3009],{"class":178},[59,14474,9309],{"class":73},[59,14476,14477],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14478,4055],{"class":3867},[20,14480,14481],{},"Summary:",[29,14483,14484,14490],{},[32,14485,14486,14489],{},[15,14487,14488],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[32,14491,14492,14495],{},[15,14493,14494],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[45,14497,14499],{"id":14498},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14501,14502,1002],{},[15,14503,12779],{},[29,14505,14506,14509,14512,14515],{},[32,14507,14508],{},"Returns a dictionary",[32,14510,14511],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[32,14513,14514],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[32,14516,14517],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14519,239],{},[50,14521,14523],{"className":52,"code":14522,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14524,14525,14557,14573,14577,14595,14615,14619,14637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14526,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14528,9170],{"class":65},[59,14530,70],{"class":69},[59,14532,10491],{"class":73},[59,14534,78],{"class":77},[59,14536,354],{"class":81},[59,14538,78],{"class":77},[59,14540,1002],{"class":73},[59,14542,5506],{"class":178},[59,14544,87],{"class":73},[59,14546,90],{"class":77},[59,14548,442],{"class":81},[59,14550,78],{"class":77},[59,14552,1002],{"class":73},[59,14554,3009],{"class":178},[59,14556,9309],{"class":73},[59,14558,14559,14562,14564,14567,14569,14571],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14560,14561],{"class":65},"data_copy ",[59,14563,70],{"class":69},[59,14565,14566],{"class":65}," data",[59,14568,358],{"class":73},[59,14570,12913],{"class":142},[59,14572,8647],{"class":73},[59,14574,14575],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14576,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14578,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,14580,9208],{"class":65},[59,14582,3914],{"class":73},[59,14584,78],{"class":77},[59,14586,354],{"class":81},[59,14588,78],{"class":77},[59,14590,13272],{"class":73},[59,14592,13275],{"class":69},[59,14594,2605],{"class":178},[59,14596,14597,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,14598,14599],{"class":65},"data_copy",[59,14601,3914],{"class":73},[59,14603,78],{"class":77},[59,14605,442],{"class":81},[59,14607,78],{"class":77},[59,14609,13272],{"class":73},[59,14611,13275],{"class":69},[59,14613,14614],{"class":178}," 20\n",[59,14616,14617],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,14618,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,14620,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,14622,715],{"class":135},[59,14624,139],{"class":73},[59,14626,78],{"class":77},[59,14628,13293],{"class":81},[59,14630,78],{"class":77},[59,14632,87],{"class":73},[59,14634,14566],{"class":142},[59,14636,165],{"class":73},[59,14638,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14654],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,14640,715],{"class":135},[59,14642,139],{"class":73},[59,14644,78],{"class":77},[59,14646,13312],{"class":81},[59,14648,78],{"class":77},[59,14650,87],{"class":73},[59,14652,14653],{"class":142}," data_copy",[59,14655,165],{"class":73},[20,14657,14658],{},[549,14659,168],{},[50,14661,14663],{"className":52,"code":14662,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14664,14665,14697],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14666,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14668,13335],{"class":65},[59,14670,1002],{"class":73},[59,14672,10491],{"class":73},[59,14674,1725],{"class":77},[59,14676,354],{"class":81},[59,14678,1725],{"class":77},[59,14680,1002],{"class":73},[59,14682,741],{"class":178},[59,14684,87],{"class":73},[59,14686,1734],{"class":77},[59,14688,442],{"class":81},[59,14690,1725],{"class":77},[59,14692,1002],{"class":73},[59,14694,3009],{"class":178},[59,14696,9309],{"class":73},[59,14698,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14700,13372],{"class":65},[59,14702,1002],{"class":73},[59,14704,10491],{"class":73},[59,14706,1725],{"class":77},[59,14708,354],{"class":81},[59,14710,1725],{"class":77},[59,14712,1002],{"class":73},[59,14714,5506],{"class":178},[59,14716,87],{"class":73},[59,14718,1734],{"class":77},[59,14720,442],{"class":81},[59,14722,1725],{"class":77},[59,14724,1002],{"class":73},[59,14726,676],{"class":178},[59,14728,9309],{"class":73},[45,14730,1579],{"id":1578},[20,14732,14733,14734,1002],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14735,12437],{},[29,14737,14738,14745,14750,14755],{},[32,14739,1599,14740,999,14742,14744],{},[15,14741,70],{},[15,14743,12779],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[32,14746,4595,14747,14749],{},[15,14748,12779],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[32,14751,14752,14753],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14754,12779],{},[32,14756,14757],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14759,14760],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[50,14762,14764],{"className":52,"code":14763,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14765,14766,14776,14786,14800,14823,14846],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,14767,14768,14770,14772,14774],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,14769,715],{"class":135},[59,14771,139],{"class":73},[59,14773,12135],{"class":142},[59,14775,165],{"class":73},[59,14777,14778,14780,14782,14784],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,14779,715],{"class":135},[59,14781,139],{"class":73},[59,14783,14330],{"class":142},[59,14785,165],{"class":73},[59,14787,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,14789,715],{"class":135},[59,14791,139],{"class":73},[59,14793,12088],{"class":142},[59,14795,12196],{"class":120},[59,14797,14384],{"class":142},[59,14799,165],{"class":73},[59,14801,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14817,14819,14821],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,14803,715],{"class":135},[59,14805,139],{"class":73},[59,14807,12652],{"class":135},[59,14809,139],{"class":73},[59,14811,12135],{"class":142},[59,14813,744],{"class":73},[59,14815,14816],{"class":135}," id",[59,14818,139],{"class":73},[59,14820,14330],{"class":142},[59,14822,710],{"class":73},[59,14824,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14842,14844],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,14826,715],{"class":135},[59,14828,139],{"class":73},[59,14830,12652],{"class":135},[59,14832,139],{"class":73},[59,14834,12135],{"class":142},[59,14836,3914],{"class":73},[59,14838,78],{"class":77},[59,14840,14841],{"class":81},"key",[59,14843,78],{"class":77},[59,14845,1642],{"class":73},[59,14847,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,14849,715],{"class":135},[59,14851,139],{"class":73},[59,14853,12652],{"class":135},[59,14855,139],{"class":73},[59,14857,14330],{"class":142},[59,14859,3914],{"class":73},[59,14861,78],{"class":77},[59,14863,14841],{"class":81},[59,14865,78],{"class":77},[59,14867,1642],{"class":73},[20,14869,14870],{},"What these help you check:",[29,14872,14873,14876,14879],{},[32,14874,14875],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[32,14877,14878],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[32,14880,14881],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14883,14884,14885,358],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[354,14886,14888],{"href":14887},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[45,14890,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,14892,1882,14894,14896],{"id":14893},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14895,12437],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14898,14899],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1127,14901,14903,14904,14906],{"id":14902},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14905,12437],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14908,14909],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1127,14911,5190,14913,4408,14915,1905],{"id":14912},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14914,12779],{},[15,14916,70],{},[20,14918,14919,14921,14922,14924],{},[15,14920,12779],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14923,70],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1127,14926,14928],{"id":14927},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14930,14931],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[45,14933,1927],{"id":1926},[29,14935,14936,14940,14944,14948,14955,14961],{},[32,14937,14938],{},[354,14939,11244],{"href":13028},[32,14941,14942],{},[354,14943,9160],{"href":13025},[32,14945,14946],{},[354,14947,13790],{"href":13789},[32,14949,14950],{},[354,14951,10738,14952,10742],{"href":14032},[15,14953,14954],{},"update()",[32,14956,14957],{},[354,14958,10738,14959,10742],{"href":12826},[15,14960,11323],{},[32,14962,14963],{},[354,14964,14965],{"href":14887},"How to copy a list in Python",[1953,14967,14968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":14970},[14971,14972,14974,14975,14976,14977,14979,14985,14986,14987,14996],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":12997,"depth":110,"text":14973},"What the copy() method does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":13432,"depth":110,"text":13433},{"id":13793,"depth":110,"text":14978},"When to use copy()",{"id":14042,"depth":110,"text":14980,"children":14981},"copy() vs assignment",[14982,14983],{"id":14059,"depth":117,"text":14060},{"id":14267,"depth":117,"text":14984},"Using copy()",{"id":14498,"depth":110,"text":14499},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":14988},[14989,14991,14993,14995],{"id":14893,"depth":117,"text":14990},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14902,"depth":117,"text":14992},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14912,"depth":117,"text":14994},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14927,"depth":117,"text":14928},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12832,"description":14997},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15004,"title":15005,"body":15006,"description":17203,"extension":1988,"meta":17204,"navigation":113,"path":13028,"seo":17205,"stem":17206,"__hash__":17207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15007,"toc":17165},[15008,15011,15017,15026,15028,15104,15108,15157,15160,15164,15178,15181,15185,15198,15201,15234,15248,15251,15263,15267,15270,15278,15358,15362,15415,15419,15437,15439,15521,15524,15526,15529,15532,15555,15579,15583,15591,15594,15598,15607,15612,15670,15674,15707,15713,15719,15722,15776,15780,15830,15833,15839,15842,15850,15852,15897,15902,15911,15914,15917,15964,15966,15971,15974,16068,16072,16125,16128,16184,16187,16191,16194,16208,16212,16278,16282,16307,16310,16314,16392,16396,16399,16402,16422,16425,16478,16482,16485,16488,16501,16503,16592,16599,16602,16613,16615,16618,16638,16642,16645,16654,16657,16696,16700,16702,16711,16720,16722,16760,16764,16811,16815,16836,16840,16843,16955,16959,17057,17079,17081,17085,17092,17096,17102,17106,17109,17113,17116,17123,17131,17133,17159,17162],[10,15009,15005],{"id":15010},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15012,15013,15014,15016],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[549,15015,9136],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15018,15019,15020,2896,15022,358],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[354,15021,9160],{"href":9159},[354,15023,15025],{"href":15024},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[45,15027,48],{"id":47},[50,15029,15031],{"className":52,"code":15030,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15032,15033,15041,15059,15073,15086,15090,15094],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15034,15035,15037,15039],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15036,12866],{"class":65},[59,15038,70],{"class":69},[59,15040,11496],{"class":73},[59,15042,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15044,11501],{"class":77},[59,15046,7676],{"class":81},[59,15048,78],{"class":77},[59,15050,1002],{"class":73},[59,15052,90],{"class":77},[59,15054,258],{"class":81},[59,15056,78],{"class":77},[59,15058,11517],{"class":73},[59,15060,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15062,11501],{"class":77},[59,15064,9299],{"class":81},[59,15066,78],{"class":77},[59,15068,1002],{"class":73},[59,15070,676],{"class":178},[59,15072,11517],{"class":73},[59,15074,15075,15077,15080,15082,15084],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,15076,11501],{"class":77},[59,15078,15079],{"class":81},"is_active",[59,15081,78],{"class":77},[59,15083,1002],{"class":73},[59,15085,6429],{"class":3867},[59,15087,15088],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,15089,9309],{"class":73},[59,15091,15092],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,15093,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,15095,15096,15098,15100,15102],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,15097,715],{"class":135},[59,15099,139],{"class":73},[59,15101,13625],{"class":142},[59,15103,165],{"class":73},[20,15105,15106],{},[549,15107,168],{},[50,15109,15111],{"className":52,"code":15110,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15112,15113],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15114,15115,15117,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15116,893],{"class":73},[59,15118,1725],{"class":77},[59,15120,7676],{"class":81},[59,15122,1725],{"class":77},[59,15124,1002],{"class":73},[59,15126,1734],{"class":77},[59,15128,258],{"class":81},[59,15130,1725],{"class":77},[59,15132,87],{"class":73},[59,15134,1734],{"class":77},[59,15136,9299],{"class":81},[59,15138,1725],{"class":77},[59,15140,1002],{"class":73},[59,15142,676],{"class":178},[59,15144,87],{"class":73},[59,15146,1734],{"class":77},[59,15148,15079],{"class":81},[59,15150,1725],{"class":77},[59,15152,1002],{"class":73},[59,15154,3930],{"class":3867},[59,15156,9309],{"class":73},[20,15158,15159],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[45,15161,15163],{"id":15162},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[29,15165,15166,15169,15172,15175],{},[32,15167,15168],{},"What a dictionary is",[32,15170,15171],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[32,15173,15174],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[32,15176,15177],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[45,15179,15168],{"id":15180},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15182,9133,15183,358],{},[549,15184,9136],{},[29,15186,15187,15193],{},[32,15188,15189,15190,15192],{},"A ",[549,15191,14841],{}," is the label",[32,15194,15189,15195,15197],{},[549,15196,1217],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15199,15200],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[50,15202,15204],{"className":52,"code":15203,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15205,15206,15214,15230],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15207,15208,15210,15212],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15209,12866],{"class":65},[59,15211,70],{"class":69},[59,15213,11496],{"class":73},[59,15215,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15217,11501],{"class":77},[59,15219,7676],{"class":81},[59,15221,78],{"class":77},[59,15223,1002],{"class":73},[59,15225,90],{"class":77},[59,15227,258],{"class":81},[59,15229,3374],{"class":77},[59,15231,15232],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15233,9309],{"class":73},[29,15235,15236,15242],{},[32,15237,15238,15241],{},[15,15239,15240],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[32,15243,15244,15247],{},[15,15245,15246],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15249,15250],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[29,15252,15253,15255,15257,15260],{},[32,15254,7676],{},[32,15256,9299],{},[32,15258,15259],{},"email",[32,15261,15262],{},"country",[45,15264,15266],{"id":15265},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15268,15269],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15271,201,15272,15274,15275,358],{},[15,15273,3806],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15276,15277],{},"key: value",[50,15279,15281],{"className":52,"code":15280,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15282,15283,15291,15309,15323,15340,15344,15348],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15284,15285,15287,15289],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15286,12866],{"class":65},[59,15288,70],{"class":69},[59,15290,11496],{"class":73},[59,15292,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15294,11501],{"class":77},[59,15296,7676],{"class":81},[59,15298,78],{"class":77},[59,15300,1002],{"class":73},[59,15302,90],{"class":77},[59,15304,258],{"class":81},[59,15306,78],{"class":77},[59,15308,11517],{"class":73},[59,15310,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15312,11501],{"class":77},[59,15314,9299],{"class":81},[59,15316,78],{"class":77},[59,15318,1002],{"class":73},[59,15320,676],{"class":178},[59,15322,11517],{"class":73},[59,15324,15325,15327,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,15326,11501],{"class":77},[59,15328,15329],{"class":81},"course",[59,15331,78],{"class":77},[59,15333,1002],{"class":73},[59,15335,90],{"class":77},[59,15337,7304],{"class":81},[59,15339,3374],{"class":77},[59,15341,15342],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,15343,9309],{"class":73},[59,15345,15346],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,15347,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,15349,15350,15352,15354,15356],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,15351,715],{"class":135},[59,15353,139],{"class":73},[59,15355,13625],{"class":142},[59,15357,165],{"class":73},[20,15359,15360],{},[549,15361,168],{},[50,15363,15365],{"className":52,"code":15364,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15366,15367],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15368,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15370,893],{"class":73},[59,15372,1725],{"class":77},[59,15374,7676],{"class":81},[59,15376,1725],{"class":77},[59,15378,1002],{"class":73},[59,15380,1734],{"class":77},[59,15382,258],{"class":81},[59,15384,1725],{"class":77},[59,15386,87],{"class":73},[59,15388,1734],{"class":77},[59,15390,9299],{"class":81},[59,15392,1725],{"class":77},[59,15394,1002],{"class":73},[59,15396,676],{"class":178},[59,15398,87],{"class":73},[59,15400,1734],{"class":77},[59,15402,15329],{"class":81},[59,15404,1725],{"class":77},[59,15406,1002],{"class":73},[59,15408,1734],{"class":77},[59,15410,7304],{"class":81},[59,15412,1725],{"class":77},[59,15414,9309],{"class":73},[1127,15416,15418],{"id":15417},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[29,15420,15421,15426,15431,15434],{},[32,15422,201,15423,15425],{},[15,15424,3806],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[32,15427,15428,15429],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15430,15277],{},[32,15432,15433],{},"Separate items with commas",[32,15435,15436],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15438,239],{},[50,15440,15442],{"className":52,"code":15441,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15443,15444,15453,15473,15489,15502,15506,15510],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15445,15446,15449,15451],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15447,15448],{"class":65},"book ",[59,15450,70],{"class":69},[59,15452,11496],{"class":73},[59,15454,15455,15457,15460,15462,15464,15466,15469,15471],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15456,11501],{"class":77},[59,15458,15459],{"class":81},"title",[59,15461,78],{"class":77},[59,15463,1002],{"class":73},[59,15465,90],{"class":77},[59,15467,15468],{"class":81},"Python Basics",[59,15470,78],{"class":77},[59,15472,11517],{"class":73},[59,15474,15475,15477,15480,15482,15484,15487],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15476,11501],{"class":77},[59,15478,15479],{"class":81},"pages",[59,15481,78],{"class":77},[59,15483,1002],{"class":73},[59,15485,15486],{"class":178}," 150",[59,15488,11517],{"class":73},[59,15490,15491,15493,15496,15498,15500],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,15492,11501],{"class":77},[59,15494,15495],{"class":81},"available",[59,15497,78],{"class":77},[59,15499,1002],{"class":73},[59,15501,6429],{"class":3867},[59,15503,15504],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,15505,9309],{"class":73},[59,15507,15508],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,15509,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,15511,15512,15514,15516,15519],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,15513,715],{"class":135},[59,15515,139],{"class":73},[59,15517,15518],{"class":142},"book",[59,15520,165],{"class":73},[20,15522,15523],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[45,15525,9403],{"id":9402},[20,15527,15528],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15530,15531],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[50,15533,15535],{"className":52,"code":15534,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15536,15537,15545],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15538,15539,15541,15543],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15540,9170],{"class":65},[59,15542,70],{"class":69},[59,15544,9838],{"class":73},[59,15546,15547,15549,15551,15553],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15548,715],{"class":135},[59,15550,139],{"class":73},[59,15552,9208],{"class":142},[59,15554,165],{"class":73},[50,15556,15557],{"className":52,"code":9406,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,15558,15559,15569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15560,15561,15563,15565,15567],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15562,9170],{"class":65},[59,15564,70],{"class":69},[59,15566,9175],{"class":697},[59,15568,8647],{"class":73},[59,15570,15571,15573,15575,15577],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15572,715],{"class":135},[59,15574,139],{"class":73},[59,15576,9208],{"class":142},[59,15578,165],{"class":73},[20,15580,15581],{},[549,15582,168],{},[50,15584,15585],{"className":52,"code":9435,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,15586,15587],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15588,15589],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15590,9435],{"class":73},[20,15592,15593],{},"Both are correct.",[1127,15595,15597],{"id":15596},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15599,15600,15602,15603,15606],{},[15,15601,3806],{}," creates an empty ",[549,15604,15605],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15608,15609,15610,358],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15611,3811],{},[50,15613,15615],{"className":52,"code":15614,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15616,15617,15625,15637,15641,15655],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15618,15619,15621,15623],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15620,11727],{"class":65},[59,15622,70],{"class":69},[59,15624,9838],{"class":73},[59,15626,15627,15630,15632,15635],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15628,15629],{"class":65},"my_set ",[59,15631,70],{"class":69},[59,15633,15634],{"class":697}," set",[59,15636,8647],{"class":73},[59,15638,15639],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15640,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,15642,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,15644,715],{"class":135},[59,15646,139],{"class":73},[59,15648,3239],{"class":697},[59,15650,139],{"class":73},[59,15652,11452],{"class":142},[59,15654,710],{"class":73},[59,15656,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15668],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,15658,715],{"class":135},[59,15660,139],{"class":73},[59,15662,3239],{"class":697},[59,15664,139],{"class":73},[59,15666,15667],{"class":142},"my_set",[59,15669,710],{"class":73},[20,15671,15672],{},[549,15673,168],{},[50,15675,15677],{"className":52,"code":15676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15678,15679,15693],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15680,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15682,1769],{"class":69},[59,15684,3310],{"class":887},[59,15686,1734],{"class":77},[59,15688,8825],{"class":81},[59,15690,1725],{"class":77},[59,15692,1788],{"class":69},[59,15694,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15696,1769],{"class":69},[59,15698,3310],{"class":887},[59,15700,1734],{"class":77},[59,15702,6293],{"class":81},[59,15704,1725],{"class":77},[59,15706,1788],{"class":69},[45,15708,15710,15711],{"id":15709},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15712,9124],{},[20,15714,15715,15716,15718],{},"You can also use ",[15,15717,9124],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15720,15721],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[50,15723,15725],{"className":52,"code":15724,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15726,15727,15766],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15728,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15760,15762,15764],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15730,12866],{"class":65},[59,15732,70],{"class":69},[59,15734,9175],{"class":697},[59,15736,139],{"class":73},[59,15738,7676],{"class":385},[59,15740,70],{"class":69},[59,15742,78],{"class":77},[59,15744,258],{"class":81},[59,15746,78],{"class":77},[59,15748,87],{"class":73},[59,15750,9192],{"class":385},[59,15752,70],{"class":69},[59,15754,1222],{"class":178},[59,15756,87],{"class":73},[59,15758,15759],{"class":385}," active",[59,15761,70],{"class":69},[59,15763,3619],{"class":3867},[59,15765,165],{"class":73},[59,15767,15768,15770,15772,15774],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15769,715],{"class":135},[59,15771,139],{"class":73},[59,15773,13625],{"class":142},[59,15775,165],{"class":73},[20,15777,15778],{},[549,15779,168],{},[50,15781,15783],{"className":52,"code":15782,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15784,15785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15786,15787,15789,15791,15793,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819,15822,15824,15826,15828],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15788,893],{"class":73},[59,15790,1725],{"class":77},[59,15792,7676],{"class":81},[59,15794,1725],{"class":77},[59,15796,1002],{"class":73},[59,15798,1734],{"class":77},[59,15800,258],{"class":81},[59,15802,1725],{"class":77},[59,15804,87],{"class":73},[59,15806,1734],{"class":77},[59,15808,9299],{"class":81},[59,15810,1725],{"class":77},[59,15812,1002],{"class":73},[59,15814,676],{"class":178},[59,15816,87],{"class":73},[59,15818,1734],{"class":77},[59,15820,15821],{"class":81},"active",[59,15823,1725],{"class":77},[59,15825,1002],{"class":73},[59,15827,3930],{"class":3867},[59,15829,9309],{"class":73},[20,15831,15832],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1127,15834,15836,15837],{"id":15835},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15838,9124],{},[20,15840,15841],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[29,15843,15844,15847],{},[32,15845,15846],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[32,15848,15849],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15851,1241],{},[50,15853,15855],{"className":52,"code":15854,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15856,15857,15887],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15858,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15860,11491],{"class":65},[59,15862,70],{"class":69},[59,15864,9175],{"class":697},[59,15866,139],{"class":73},[59,15868,7676],{"class":385},[59,15870,70],{"class":69},[59,15872,78],{"class":77},[59,15874,7685],{"class":81},[59,15876,78],{"class":77},[59,15878,87],{"class":73},[59,15880,9192],{"class":385},[59,15882,70],{"class":69},[59,15884,9197],{"class":178},[59,15886,165],{"class":73},[59,15888,15889,15891,15893,15895],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15890,715],{"class":135},[59,15892,139],{"class":73},[59,15894,11585],{"class":142},[59,15896,165],{"class":73},[20,15898,4644,15899,15901],{},[549,15900,4647],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[50,15903,15905],{"className":52,"code":15904,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15906,15907],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15908,15909],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15910,15904],{"class":3678},[20,15912,15913],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15915,15916],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[50,15918,15920],{"className":52,"code":15919,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15921,15922,15930,15946,15950,15954],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15923,15924,15926,15928],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15925,11491],{"class":65},[59,15927,70],{"class":69},[59,15929,11496],{"class":73},[59,15931,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,15933,11501],{"class":77},[59,15935,10496],{"class":81},[59,15937,78],{"class":77},[59,15939,1002],{"class":73},[59,15941,90],{"class":77},[59,15943,7685],{"class":81},[59,15945,3374],{"class":77},[59,15947,15948],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,15949,9309],{"class":73},[59,15951,15952],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,15953,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,15955,15956,15958,15960,15962],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,15957,715],{"class":135},[59,15959,139],{"class":73},[59,15961,11585],{"class":142},[59,15963,165],{"class":73},[45,15965,9445],{"id":9444},[20,15967,15968,15970],{},[15,15969,9124],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15972,15973],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[50,15975,15977],{"className":52,"code":15976,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15978,15979,16036,16040,16054,16058],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,15980,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16032,16034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,15982,9219],{"class":65},[59,15984,70],{"class":69},[59,15986,9224],{"class":73},[59,15988,78],{"class":77},[59,15990,7676],{"class":81},[59,15992,78],{"class":77},[59,15994,87],{"class":73},[59,15996,90],{"class":77},[59,15998,258],{"class":81},[59,16000,78],{"class":77},[59,16002,744],{"class":73},[59,16004,747],{"class":73},[59,16006,78],{"class":77},[59,16008,9299],{"class":81},[59,16010,78],{"class":77},[59,16012,87],{"class":73},[59,16014,676],{"class":178},[59,16016,744],{"class":73},[59,16018,747],{"class":73},[59,16020,78],{"class":77},[59,16022,10409],{"class":81},[59,16024,78],{"class":77},[59,16026,87],{"class":73},[59,16028,90],{"class":77},[59,16030,16031],{"class":81},"Lima",[59,16033,78],{"class":77},[59,16035,766],{"class":73},[59,16037,16038],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16039,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16041,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16043,12866],{"class":65},[59,16045,70],{"class":69},[59,16047,9175],{"class":697},[59,16049,139],{"class":73},[59,16051,9263],{"class":142},[59,16053,165],{"class":73},[59,16055,16056],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16057,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16059,16060,16062,16064,16066],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16061,715],{"class":135},[59,16063,139],{"class":73},[59,16065,13625],{"class":142},[59,16067,165],{"class":73},[20,16069,16070],{},[549,16071,168],{},[50,16073,16075],{"className":52,"code":16074,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16076,16077],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16078,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16080,893],{"class":73},[59,16082,1725],{"class":77},[59,16084,7676],{"class":81},[59,16086,1725],{"class":77},[59,16088,1002],{"class":73},[59,16090,1734],{"class":77},[59,16092,258],{"class":81},[59,16094,1725],{"class":77},[59,16096,87],{"class":73},[59,16098,1734],{"class":77},[59,16100,9299],{"class":81},[59,16102,1725],{"class":77},[59,16104,1002],{"class":73},[59,16106,676],{"class":178},[59,16108,87],{"class":73},[59,16110,1734],{"class":77},[59,16112,10409],{"class":81},[59,16114,1725],{"class":77},[59,16116,1002],{"class":73},[59,16118,1734],{"class":77},[59,16120,16031],{"class":81},[59,16122,1725],{"class":77},[59,16124,9309],{"class":73},[20,16126,16127],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[50,16129,16131],{"className":52,"code":16130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16132,16133,16174],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16134,16135,16137,16139,16141,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16136,12866],{"class":65},[59,16138,70],{"class":69},[59,16140,9175],{"class":697},[59,16142,16143],{"class":73},"(((",[59,16145,78],{"class":77},[59,16147,7676],{"class":81},[59,16149,78],{"class":77},[59,16151,87],{"class":73},[59,16153,90],{"class":77},[59,16155,258],{"class":81},[59,16157,78],{"class":77},[59,16159,744],{"class":73},[59,16161,747],{"class":73},[59,16163,78],{"class":77},[59,16165,9299],{"class":81},[59,16167,78],{"class":77},[59,16169,87],{"class":73},[59,16171,676],{"class":178},[59,16173,1706],{"class":73},[59,16175,16176,16178,16180,16182],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16177,715],{"class":135},[59,16179,139],{"class":73},[59,16181,13625],{"class":142},[59,16183,165],{"class":73},[20,16185,16186],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[45,16188,16190],{"id":16189},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16192,16193],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[29,16195,16196,16199,16202,16205],{},[32,16197,16198],{},"Keys must be unique",[32,16200,16201],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[32,16203,16204],{},"Values can repeat",[32,16206,16207],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1127,16209,16211],{"id":16210},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[50,16213,16215],{"className":52,"code":16214,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16216,16217,16225,16243,16260,16264,16268],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16218,16219,16221,16223],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16220,9170],{"class":65},[59,16222,70],{"class":69},[59,16224,11496],{"class":73},[59,16226,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16228,11501],{"class":77},[59,16230,7676],{"class":81},[59,16232,78],{"class":77},[59,16234,1002],{"class":73},[59,16236,90],{"class":77},[59,16238,258],{"class":81},[59,16240,78],{"class":77},[59,16242,11517],{"class":73},[59,16244,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16258],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16246,11501],{"class":77},[59,16248,7676],{"class":81},[59,16250,78],{"class":77},[59,16252,1002],{"class":73},[59,16254,90],{"class":77},[59,16256,16257],{"class":81},"Maria",[59,16259,3374],{"class":77},[59,16261,16262],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16263,9309],{"class":73},[59,16265,16266],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16267,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16269,16270,16272,16274,16276],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,16271,715],{"class":135},[59,16273,139],{"class":73},[59,16275,9208],{"class":142},[59,16277,165],{"class":73},[20,16279,16280],{},[549,16281,168],{},[50,16283,16285],{"className":52,"code":16284,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16286,16287],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16288,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16290,893],{"class":73},[59,16292,1725],{"class":77},[59,16294,7676],{"class":81},[59,16296,1725],{"class":77},[59,16298,1002],{"class":73},[59,16300,1734],{"class":77},[59,16302,16257],{"class":81},[59,16304,1725],{"class":77},[59,16306,9309],{"class":73},[20,16308,16309],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1127,16311,16313],{"id":16312},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[50,16315,16317],{"className":52,"code":16316,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16318,16319,16327,16343,16359,16373,16377,16381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16320,16321,16323,16325],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16322,5077],{"class":65},[59,16324,70],{"class":69},[59,16326,11496],{"class":73},[59,16328,16329,16332,16334,16336,16339,16341],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16330,16331],{"class":178},"    1",[59,16333,1002],{"class":73},[59,16335,90],{"class":77},[59,16337,16338],{"class":81},"low",[59,16340,78],{"class":77},[59,16342,11517],{"class":73},[59,16344,16345,16348,16350,16352,16355,16357],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16346,16347],{"class":178},"    2",[59,16349,1002],{"class":73},[59,16351,90],{"class":77},[59,16353,16354],{"class":81},"medium",[59,16356,78],{"class":77},[59,16358,11517],{"class":73},[59,16360,16361,16364,16366,16368,16371],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16362,16363],{"class":178},"    3",[59,16365,1002],{"class":73},[59,16367,90],{"class":77},[59,16369,16370],{"class":81},"high",[59,16372,3374],{"class":77},[59,16374,16375],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16376,9309],{"class":73},[59,16378,16379],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,16380,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16382,16383,16385,16387,16390],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,16384,715],{"class":135},[59,16386,139],{"class":73},[59,16388,16389],{"class":142},"scores",[59,16391,165],{"class":73},[1127,16393,16395],{"id":16394},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16397,16398],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16400,16401],{},"This will cause an error:",[50,16403,16405],{"className":52,"code":16404,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16406,16407,16412,16417],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16408,16409],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16410,16411],{"class":3678},"# bad = {\n",[59,16413,16414],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16415,16416],{"class":3678},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[59,16418,16419],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16420,16421],{"class":3678},"# }\n",[20,16423,16424],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[50,16426,16428],{"className":52,"code":16427,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16429,16430,16439,16459,16463,16467],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16431,16432,16435,16437],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16433,16434],{"class":65},"good ",[59,16436,70],{"class":69},[59,16438,11496],{"class":73},[59,16440,16441,16444,16446,16448,16450,16453,16455,16457],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16442,16443],{"class":73},"    (",[59,16445,187],{"class":178},[59,16447,87],{"class":73},[59,16449,3009],{"class":178},[59,16451,16452],{"class":73},"):",[59,16454,90],{"class":77},[59,16456,707],{"class":81},[59,16458,3374],{"class":77},[59,16460,16461],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16462,9309],{"class":73},[59,16464,16465],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16466,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16468,16469,16471,16473,16476],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16470,715],{"class":135},[59,16472,139],{"class":73},[59,16474,16475],{"class":142},"good",[59,16477,165],{"class":73},[45,16479,16481],{"id":16480},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16483,16484],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16486,16487],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[29,16489,16490,16493,16495,16498],{},[32,16491,16492],{},"user data",[32,16494,13884],{},[32,16496,16497],{},"counters",[32,16499,16500],{},"lookups",[20,16502,239],{},[50,16504,16506],{"className":52,"code":16505,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16507,16508,16516,16535,16554,16566,16570,16574],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16509,16510,16512,16514],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16511,11491],{"class":65},[59,16513,70],{"class":69},[59,16515,11496],{"class":73},[59,16517,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16531,16533],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16519,11501],{"class":77},[59,16521,7991],{"class":81},[59,16523,78],{"class":77},[59,16525,1002],{"class":73},[59,16527,90],{"class":77},[59,16529,16530],{"class":81},"ana123",[59,16532,78],{"class":77},[59,16534,11517],{"class":73},[59,16536,16537,16539,16541,16543,16545,16547,16550,16552],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16538,11501],{"class":77},[59,16540,15259],{"class":81},[59,16542,78],{"class":77},[59,16544,1002],{"class":73},[59,16546,90],{"class":77},[59,16548,16549],{"class":81},"ana@example.com",[59,16551,78],{"class":77},[59,16553,11517],{"class":73},[59,16555,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16557,11501],{"class":77},[59,16559,12517],{"class":81},[59,16561,78],{"class":77},[59,16563,1002],{"class":73},[59,16565,6429],{"class":3867},[59,16567,16568],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16569,9309],{"class":73},[59,16571,16572],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,16573,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16575,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16588,16590],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,16577,715],{"class":135},[59,16579,139],{"class":73},[59,16581,11585],{"class":142},[59,16583,3914],{"class":73},[59,16585,78],{"class":77},[59,16587,15259],{"class":81},[59,16589,78],{"class":77},[59,16591,3902],{"class":73},[20,16593,16594,16595,358],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[354,16596,16598],{"href":16597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16600,16601],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[29,16603,16604,16607,16610],{},[32,16605,16606],{},"labels are not needed",[32,16608,16609],{},"you mostly care about position",[32,16611,16612],{},"order matters more than named fields",[45,16614,1579],{"id":1578},[20,16616,16617],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[29,16619,16620,16623,16626,16629,16632],{},[32,16621,16622],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[32,16624,16625],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[32,16627,16628],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[32,16630,16631],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[32,16633,16634,16635,16637],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16636,3806],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1127,16639,16641],{"id":16640},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16643,16644],{},"Wrong:",[50,16646,16648],{"className":52,"code":16647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16649,16650],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16651,16652],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16653,16647],{"class":3678},[20,16655,16656],{},"Correct:",[50,16658,16660],{"className":52,"code":16659,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16661,16662,16686],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16663,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16665,12866],{"class":65},[59,16667,70],{"class":69},[59,16669,10491],{"class":73},[59,16671,78],{"class":77},[59,16673,7676],{"class":81},[59,16675,78],{"class":77},[59,16677,1002],{"class":73},[59,16679,90],{"class":77},[59,16681,258],{"class":81},[59,16683,78],{"class":77},[59,16685,9309],{"class":73},[59,16687,16688,16690,16692,16694],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16689,715],{"class":135},[59,16691,139],{"class":73},[59,16693,13625],{"class":142},[59,16695,165],{"class":73},[1127,16697,16699],{"id":16698},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16701,16644],{},[50,16703,16705],{"className":52,"code":16704,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16706,16707],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16708,16709],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16710,16704],{"class":3678},[20,16712,16713,16714,16716,16717,16719],{},"This only works if ",[15,16715,7676],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16718,15240],{},", use quotes.",[20,16721,16656],{},[50,16723,16724],{"className":52,"code":16659,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,16725,16726,16750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16727,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16729,12866],{"class":65},[59,16731,70],{"class":69},[59,16733,10491],{"class":73},[59,16735,78],{"class":77},[59,16737,7676],{"class":81},[59,16739,78],{"class":77},[59,16741,1002],{"class":73},[59,16743,90],{"class":77},[59,16745,258],{"class":81},[59,16747,78],{"class":77},[59,16749,9309],{"class":73},[59,16751,16752,16754,16756,16758],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16753,715],{"class":135},[59,16755,139],{"class":73},[59,16757,13625],{"class":142},[59,16759,165],{"class":73},[1127,16761,16763],{"id":16762},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[50,16765,16767],{"className":52,"code":16766,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16768,16769,16801],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16770,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16772,9170],{"class":65},[59,16774,70],{"class":69},[59,16776,10491],{"class":73},[59,16778,78],{"class":77},[59,16780,9299],{"class":81},[59,16782,78],{"class":77},[59,16784,1002],{"class":73},[59,16786,676],{"class":178},[59,16788,87],{"class":73},[59,16790,90],{"class":77},[59,16792,9299],{"class":81},[59,16794,78],{"class":77},[59,16796,1002],{"class":73},[59,16798,681],{"class":178},[59,16800,9309],{"class":73},[59,16802,16803,16805,16807,16809],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16804,715],{"class":135},[59,16806,139],{"class":73},[59,16808,9208],{"class":142},[59,16810,165],{"class":73},[20,16812,16813],{},[549,16814,168],{},[50,16816,16818],{"className":52,"code":16817,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16819,16820],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16821,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16823,893],{"class":73},[59,16825,1725],{"class":77},[59,16827,9299],{"class":81},[59,16829,1725],{"class":77},[59,16831,1002],{"class":73},[59,16833,681],{"class":178},[59,16835,9309],{"class":73},[45,16837,16839],{"id":16838},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16841,16842],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[50,16844,16846],{"className":52,"code":16845,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16847,16848,16884,16888,16898,16912,16927,16941],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16849,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876,16878,16880,16882],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16851,11727],{"class":65},[59,16853,70],{"class":69},[59,16855,10491],{"class":73},[59,16857,78],{"class":77},[59,16859,7676],{"class":81},[59,16861,78],{"class":77},[59,16863,1002],{"class":73},[59,16865,90],{"class":77},[59,16867,258],{"class":81},[59,16869,78],{"class":77},[59,16871,87],{"class":73},[59,16873,90],{"class":77},[59,16875,9299],{"class":81},[59,16877,78],{"class":77},[59,16879,1002],{"class":73},[59,16881,676],{"class":178},[59,16883,9309],{"class":73},[59,16885,16886],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16887,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,16889,16890,16892,16894,16896],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,16891,715],{"class":135},[59,16893,139],{"class":73},[59,16895,11452],{"class":142},[59,16897,165],{"class":73},[59,16899,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,16901,715],{"class":135},[59,16903,139],{"class":73},[59,16905,3239],{"class":697},[59,16907,139],{"class":73},[59,16909,11452],{"class":142},[59,16911,710],{"class":73},[59,16913,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16925],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,16915,715],{"class":135},[59,16917,139],{"class":73},[59,16919,11452],{"class":142},[59,16921,358],{"class":73},[59,16923,16924],{"class":142},"keys",[59,16926,7201],{"class":73},[59,16928,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,16930,715],{"class":135},[59,16932,139],{"class":73},[59,16934,11452],{"class":142},[59,16936,358],{"class":73},[59,16938,5366],{"class":142},[59,16940,7201],{"class":73},[59,16942,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,16944,715],{"class":135},[59,16946,139],{"class":73},[59,16948,11163],{"class":135},[59,16950,139],{"class":73},[59,16952,11452],{"class":142},[59,16954,710],{"class":73},[20,16956,16957],{},[549,16958,1759],{},[50,16960,16962],{"className":52,"code":16961,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16963,16964,16996,17010,17033,17052],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,16965,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,16967,893],{"class":73},[59,16969,1725],{"class":77},[59,16971,7676],{"class":81},[59,16973,1725],{"class":77},[59,16975,1002],{"class":73},[59,16977,1734],{"class":77},[59,16979,258],{"class":81},[59,16981,1725],{"class":77},[59,16983,87],{"class":73},[59,16985,1734],{"class":77},[59,16987,9299],{"class":81},[59,16989,1725],{"class":77},[59,16991,1002],{"class":73},[59,16993,676],{"class":178},[59,16995,9309],{"class":73},[59,16997,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,16999,1769],{"class":69},[59,17001,3310],{"class":887},[59,17003,1734],{"class":77},[59,17005,8825],{"class":81},[59,17007,1725],{"class":77},[59,17009,1788],{"class":69},[59,17011,17012,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17013,17014],{"class":142},"dict_keys",[59,17016,1629],{"class":73},[59,17018,1725],{"class":77},[59,17020,7676],{"class":81},[59,17022,1725],{"class":77},[59,17024,87],{"class":73},[59,17026,1734],{"class":77},[59,17028,9299],{"class":81},[59,17030,1725],{"class":77},[59,17032,3902],{"class":73},[59,17034,17035,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,17036,17037],{"class":142},"dict_values",[59,17039,1629],{"class":73},[59,17041,1725],{"class":77},[59,17043,258],{"class":81},[59,17045,1725],{"class":77},[59,17047,87],{"class":73},[59,17049,676],{"class":178},[59,17051,3902],{"class":73},[59,17053,17054],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,17055,17056],{"class":178},"2\n",[20,17058,17059,17060,1208,17066,17072,17073,358],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[354,17061,10738,17063],{"href":17062},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17064,17065],{},"keys()",[354,17067,10738,17069],{"href":17068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17070,17071],{},"values()",", and ",[354,17074,10738,17076],{"href":17075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17077,17078],{},"items()",[45,17080,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,17082,17084],{"id":17083},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17086,201,17087,2896,17089,17091],{},[15,17088,3806],{},[15,17090,9124],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1127,17093,17095],{"id":17094},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17097,17098,17099,358],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17100,17101],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1127,17103,17105],{"id":17104},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17107,17108],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1127,17110,17112],{"id":17111},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17114,17115],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1127,17117,5190,17119,4408,17121,1905],{"id":17118},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17120,3806],{},[15,17122,9124],{},[20,17124,17125,17127,17128,17130],{},[15,17126,3806],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17129,9124],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[45,17132,1927],{"id":1926},[29,17134,17135,17139,17145,17149,17155],{},[32,17136,17137],{},[354,17138,9160],{"href":9159},[32,17140,17141],{},[354,17142,10738,17143,10742],{"href":10737},[15,17144,10741],{},[32,17146,17147],{},[354,17148,11253],{"href":10732},[32,17150,17151],{},[354,17152,17154],{"href":17153},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,17156,17157],{},[354,17158,11264],{"href":11076},[20,17160,17161],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1953,17163,17164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":17166},[17167,17168,17169,17170,17173,17176,17181,17182,17187,17188,17193,17194,17202],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":15180,"depth":110,"text":15168},{"id":15265,"depth":110,"text":15266,"children":17171},[17172],{"id":15417,"depth":117,"text":15418},{"id":9402,"depth":110,"text":9403,"children":17174},[17175],{"id":15596,"depth":117,"text":15597},{"id":15709,"depth":110,"text":17177,"children":17178},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17179],{"id":15835,"depth":117,"text":17180},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9444,"depth":110,"text":9445},{"id":16189,"depth":110,"text":16190,"children":17183},[17184,17185,17186],{"id":16210,"depth":117,"text":16211},{"id":16312,"depth":117,"text":16313},{"id":16394,"depth":117,"text":16395},{"id":16480,"depth":110,"text":16481},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":17189},[17190,17191,17192],{"id":16640,"depth":117,"text":16641},{"id":16698,"depth":117,"text":16699},{"id":16762,"depth":117,"text":16763},{"id":16838,"depth":110,"text":16839},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":17195},[17196,17197,17198,17199,17200],{"id":17083,"depth":117,"text":17084},{"id":17094,"depth":117,"text":17095},{"id":17104,"depth":117,"text":17105},{"id":17111,"depth":117,"text":17112},{"id":17118,"depth":117,"text":17201},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15005,"description":17203},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17209,"title":17210,"body":17211,"description":19659,"extension":1988,"meta":19660,"navigation":113,"path":19661,"seo":19662,"stem":19663,"__hash__":19664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17212,"toc":19615},[17213,17219,17225,17228,17231,17233,17315,17321,17326,17330,17348,17360,17365,17369,17392,17396,17408,17416,17420,17426,17428,17431,17504,17506,17551,17553,17570,17575,17581,17586,17660,17662,17707,17710,17721,17723,17842,17844,17897,17904,17908,17911,17928,17934,17938,18036,18038,18089,18096,18100,18106,18109,18112,18139,18144,18148,18151,18255,18257,18302,18305,18308,18313,18318,18329,18331,18392,18452,18458,18466,18472,18477,18482,18542,18546,18613,18616,18620,18691,18694,18707,18714,18716,18720,18724,18795,18797,18834,18837,18840,18903,18910,18913,18955,18965,18968,19037,19043,19048,19132,19134,19183,19190,19196,19241,19243,19276,19281,19285,19291,19330,19374,19442,19485,19487,19493,19496,19500,19505,19509,19512,19516,19518,19579,19581,19607,19612],[10,17214,11320,17216,11324],{"id":17215},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17217,17218],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17220,17221,17224],{},[15,17222,17223],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17226,17227],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17229,17230],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[45,17232,48],{"id":47},[50,17234,17236],{"className":52,"code":17235,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17237,17238,17271,17299,17310],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17239,17240,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267,17269],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17241,17242],{"class":65},"keys ",[59,17244,70],{"class":69},[59,17246,74],{"class":73},[59,17248,78],{"class":77},[59,17250,7676],{"class":81},[59,17252,78],{"class":77},[59,17254,87],{"class":73},[59,17256,90],{"class":77},[59,17258,9299],{"class":81},[59,17260,78],{"class":77},[59,17262,87],{"class":73},[59,17264,90],{"class":77},[59,17266,10409],{"class":81},[59,17268,78],{"class":77},[59,17270,107],{"class":73},[59,17272,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17295,17297],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,17274,13203],{"class":65},[59,17276,70],{"class":69},[59,17278,9175],{"class":697},[59,17280,358],{"class":73},[59,17282,17283],{"class":142},"fromkeys",[59,17285,139],{"class":73},[59,17287,16924],{"class":142},[59,17289,87],{"class":73},[59,17291,90],{"class":77},[59,17293,17294],{"class":81},"unknown",[59,17296,78],{"class":77},[59,17298,165],{"class":73},[59,17300,17301,17303,17305,17308],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17302,715],{"class":135},[59,17304,139],{"class":73},[59,17306,17307],{"class":142},"person",[59,17309,165],{"class":73},[59,17311,17312],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,17313,17314],{"class":3678},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17316,201,17317,17320],{},[15,17318,17319],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[45,17322,208,17324,211],{"id":17323},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17325,17223],{},[20,17327,17328,1002],{},[15,17329,17223],{},[29,17331,17332,17335,17338,17341],{},[32,17333,17334],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[32,17336,17337],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[32,17339,17340],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[32,17342,17343,17344,17347],{},"Is called as ",[15,17345,17346],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17349,17350,17351,17353,17354,17356,17357,358],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17352,8825],{},", so you write ",[15,17355,17346],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17358,17359],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17361,17362,17363,358],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[354,17364,9160],{"href":13025},[45,17366,17368],{"id":17367},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[50,17370,17372],{"className":52,"code":17371,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17373,17374],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17375,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17377,8825],{"class":697},[59,17379,358],{"class":73},[59,17381,17283],{"class":142},[59,17383,139],{"class":73},[59,17385,380],{"class":142},[59,17387,87],{"class":73},[59,17389,1196],{"class":142},[59,17391,165],{"class":73},[1127,17393,17395],{"id":17394},"parameters","Parameters",[29,17397,17398,17403],{},[32,17399,17400,17402],{},[15,17401,380],{},": the keys to use",[32,17404,17405,17407],{},[15,17406,1217],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17409,17410,17411,17413,17414,358],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17412,1217],{},", each key gets ",[15,17415,3792],{},[1127,17417,17419],{"id":17418},"return-value","Return value",[20,17421,17422,17423,358],{},"It returns a ",[549,17424,17425],{},"new dictionary",[45,17427,5795],{"id":5794},[20,17429,17430],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[50,17432,17434],{"className":52,"code":17433,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17435,17436,17468,17490,17494],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17437,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17439,17242],{"class":65},[59,17441,70],{"class":69},[59,17443,74],{"class":73},[59,17445,78],{"class":77},[59,17447,82],{"class":81},[59,17449,78],{"class":77},[59,17451,87],{"class":73},[59,17453,90],{"class":77},[59,17455,93],{"class":81},[59,17457,78],{"class":77},[59,17459,87],{"class":73},[59,17461,90],{"class":77},[59,17463,102],{"class":81},[59,17465,78],{"class":77},[59,17467,107],{"class":73},[59,17469,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,17471,66],{"class":65},[59,17473,70],{"class":69},[59,17475,9175],{"class":697},[59,17477,358],{"class":73},[59,17479,17283],{"class":142},[59,17481,139],{"class":73},[59,17483,16924],{"class":142},[59,17485,87],{"class":73},[59,17487,3848],{"class":178},[59,17489,165],{"class":73},[59,17491,17492],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17493,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,17495,17496,17498,17500,17502],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,17497,715],{"class":135},[59,17499,139],{"class":73},[59,17501,143],{"class":142},[59,17503,165],{"class":73},[20,17505,168],{},[50,17507,17509],{"className":52,"code":17508,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17510,17511],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17512,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17514,893],{"class":73},[59,17516,1725],{"class":77},[59,17518,82],{"class":81},[59,17520,1725],{"class":77},[59,17522,1002],{"class":73},[59,17524,3848],{"class":178},[59,17526,87],{"class":73},[59,17528,1734],{"class":77},[59,17530,93],{"class":81},[59,17532,1725],{"class":77},[59,17534,1002],{"class":73},[59,17536,3848],{"class":178},[59,17538,87],{"class":73},[59,17540,1734],{"class":77},[59,17542,102],{"class":81},[59,17544,1725],{"class":77},[59,17546,1002],{"class":73},[59,17548,3848],{"class":178},[59,17550,9309],{"class":73},[20,17552,11687],{},[29,17554,17555,17560,17565],{},[32,17556,17557,17559],{},[15,17558,16924],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[32,17561,17562,17564],{},[15,17563,179],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[32,17566,17567,17569],{},[15,17568,17223],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17571,17572,17573,358],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[354,17574,9392],{"href":13028},[45,17576,1599,17578,17580],{"id":17577},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17579,17218],{}," without a value",[20,17582,17583,17584,358],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17585,3792],{},[50,17587,17589],{"className":52,"code":17588,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17590,17591,17625,17645,17649],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17592,17593,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17621,17623],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17594,17595],{"class":65},"fields ",[59,17597,70],{"class":69},[59,17599,74],{"class":73},[59,17601,78],{"class":77},[59,17603,7991],{"class":81},[59,17605,78],{"class":77},[59,17607,87],{"class":73},[59,17609,90],{"class":77},[59,17611,15259],{"class":81},[59,17613,78],{"class":77},[59,17615,87],{"class":73},[59,17617,90],{"class":77},[59,17619,17620],{"class":81},"password",[59,17622,78],{"class":77},[59,17624,107],{"class":73},[59,17626,17627,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17643],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,17628,17629],{"class":65},"user_data ",[59,17631,70],{"class":69},[59,17633,9175],{"class":697},[59,17635,358],{"class":73},[59,17637,17283],{"class":142},[59,17639,139],{"class":73},[59,17641,17642],{"class":142},"fields",[59,17644,165],{"class":73},[59,17646,17647],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17648,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,17650,17651,17653,17655,17658],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,17652,715],{"class":135},[59,17654,139],{"class":73},[59,17656,17657],{"class":142},"user_data",[59,17659,165],{"class":73},[20,17661,168],{},[50,17663,17665],{"className":52,"code":17664,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17666,17667],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17668,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17670,893],{"class":73},[59,17672,1725],{"class":77},[59,17674,7991],{"class":81},[59,17676,1725],{"class":77},[59,17678,1002],{"class":73},[59,17680,3868],{"class":3867},[59,17682,87],{"class":73},[59,17684,1734],{"class":77},[59,17686,15259],{"class":81},[59,17688,1725],{"class":77},[59,17690,1002],{"class":73},[59,17692,3868],{"class":3867},[59,17694,87],{"class":73},[59,17696,1734],{"class":77},[59,17698,17620],{"class":81},[59,17700,1725],{"class":77},[59,17702,1002],{"class":73},[59,17704,3868],{"class":3867},[59,17706,9309],{"class":73},[20,17708,17709],{},"This is useful when:",[29,17711,17712,17715,17718],{},[32,17713,17714],{},"You want to create the keys first",[32,17716,17717],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[32,17719,17720],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17722,239],{},[50,17724,17726],{"className":52,"code":17725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17727,17728,17760,17778,17782,17805,17828,17832],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17729,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17731,17595],{"class":65},[59,17733,70],{"class":69},[59,17735,74],{"class":73},[59,17737,78],{"class":77},[59,17739,7991],{"class":81},[59,17741,78],{"class":77},[59,17743,87],{"class":73},[59,17745,90],{"class":77},[59,17747,15259],{"class":81},[59,17749,78],{"class":77},[59,17751,87],{"class":73},[59,17753,90],{"class":77},[59,17755,17620],{"class":81},[59,17757,78],{"class":77},[59,17759,107],{"class":73},[59,17761,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,17763,17629],{"class":65},[59,17765,70],{"class":69},[59,17767,9175],{"class":697},[59,17769,358],{"class":73},[59,17771,17283],{"class":142},[59,17773,139],{"class":73},[59,17775,17642],{"class":142},[59,17777,165],{"class":73},[59,17779,17780],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17781,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,17783,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17803],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,17785,17657],{"class":65},[59,17787,3914],{"class":73},[59,17789,78],{"class":77},[59,17791,7991],{"class":81},[59,17793,78],{"class":77},[59,17795,13272],{"class":73},[59,17797,13275],{"class":69},[59,17799,90],{"class":77},[59,17801,17802],{"class":81},"alice",[59,17804,3374],{"class":77},[59,17806,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17826],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,17808,17657],{"class":65},[59,17810,3914],{"class":73},[59,17812,78],{"class":77},[59,17814,15259],{"class":81},[59,17816,78],{"class":77},[59,17818,13272],{"class":73},[59,17820,13275],{"class":69},[59,17822,90],{"class":77},[59,17824,17825],{"class":81},"alice@example.com",[59,17827,3374],{"class":77},[59,17829,17830],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,17831,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,17833,17834,17836,17838,17840],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,17835,715],{"class":135},[59,17837,139],{"class":73},[59,17839,17657],{"class":142},[59,17841,165],{"class":73},[20,17843,168],{},[50,17845,17847],{"className":52,"code":17846,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17848,17849],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17850,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17852,893],{"class":73},[59,17854,1725],{"class":77},[59,17856,7991],{"class":81},[59,17858,1725],{"class":77},[59,17860,1002],{"class":73},[59,17862,1734],{"class":77},[59,17864,17802],{"class":81},[59,17866,1725],{"class":77},[59,17868,87],{"class":73},[59,17870,1734],{"class":77},[59,17872,15259],{"class":81},[59,17874,1725],{"class":77},[59,17876,1002],{"class":73},[59,17878,1734],{"class":77},[59,17880,17825],{"class":81},[59,17882,1725],{"class":77},[59,17884,87],{"class":73},[59,17886,1734],{"class":77},[59,17888,17620],{"class":81},[59,17890,1725],{"class":77},[59,17892,1002],{"class":73},[59,17894,3868],{"class":3867},[59,17896,9309],{"class":73},[20,17898,17899,17900,358],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[354,17901,17903],{"href":17902},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[45,17905,17907],{"id":17906},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17909,17910],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[29,17912,17913,17918,17923],{},[32,17914,17915,17917],{},[15,17916,3801],{}," (list)",[32,17919,17920,17922],{},[15,17921,3806],{}," (dictionary)",[32,17924,17925,17927],{},[15,17926,3811],{}," (set)",[20,17929,17930,17931,358],{},"All keys will point to the ",[549,17932,17933],{},"same object",[1127,17935,17937],{"id":17936},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[50,17939,17941],{"className":52,"code":17940,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17942,17943,17975,17996,18000,18022,18026],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,17944,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,17946,17242],{"class":65},[59,17948,70],{"class":69},[59,17950,74],{"class":73},[59,17952,78],{"class":77},[59,17954,354],{"class":81},[59,17956,78],{"class":77},[59,17958,87],{"class":73},[59,17960,90],{"class":77},[59,17962,442],{"class":81},[59,17964,78],{"class":77},[59,17966,87],{"class":73},[59,17968,90],{"class":77},[59,17970,451],{"class":81},[59,17972,78],{"class":77},[59,17974,107],{"class":73},[59,17976,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,17978,9170],{"class":65},[59,17980,70],{"class":69},[59,17982,9175],{"class":697},[59,17984,358],{"class":73},[59,17986,17283],{"class":142},[59,17988,139],{"class":73},[59,17990,16924],{"class":142},[59,17992,87],{"class":73},[59,17994,17995],{"class":73}," [])\n",[59,17997,17998],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,17999,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,18001,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,18003,9208],{"class":65},[59,18005,3914],{"class":73},[59,18007,78],{"class":77},[59,18009,354],{"class":81},[59,18011,78],{"class":77},[59,18013,13549],{"class":73},[59,18015,13552],{"class":142},[59,18017,139],{"class":73},[59,18019,187],{"class":178},[59,18021,165],{"class":73},[59,18023,18024],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,18025,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,18029,715],{"class":135},[59,18031,139],{"class":73},[59,18033,9208],{"class":142},[59,18035,165],{"class":73},[20,18037,168],{},[50,18039,18041],{"className":52,"code":18040,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18042,18043],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18044,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18046,893],{"class":73},[59,18048,1725],{"class":77},[59,18050,354],{"class":81},[59,18052,1725],{"class":77},[59,18054,1002],{"class":73},[59,18056,74],{"class":73},[59,18058,187],{"class":178},[59,18060,1697],{"class":73},[59,18062,1734],{"class":77},[59,18064,442],{"class":81},[59,18066,1725],{"class":77},[59,18068,1002],{"class":73},[59,18070,74],{"class":73},[59,18072,187],{"class":178},[59,18074,1697],{"class":73},[59,18076,1734],{"class":77},[59,18078,451],{"class":81},[59,18080,1725],{"class":77},[59,18082,1002],{"class":73},[59,18084,74],{"class":73},[59,18086,187],{"class":178},[59,18088,13705],{"class":73},[20,18090,18091,18092,18095],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18093,18094],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1127,18097,18099],{"id":18098},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18101,18102,18105],{},[15,18103,18104],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18107,18108],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18110,18111],{},"So this:",[50,18113,18115],{"className":52,"code":18114,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18116,18117],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18118,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18120,9208],{"class":65},[59,18122,3914],{"class":73},[59,18124,78],{"class":77},[59,18126,354],{"class":81},[59,18128,78],{"class":77},[59,18130,13549],{"class":73},[59,18132,13552],{"class":142},[59,18134,139],{"class":73},[59,18136,187],{"class":178},[59,18138,165],{"class":73},[20,18140,18141,18142,358],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18143,18094],{},[1127,18145,18147],{"id":18146},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18149,18150],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[50,18152,18154],{"className":52,"code":18153,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18155,18156,18188,18215,18219,18241,18245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18157,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18159,17242],{"class":65},[59,18161,70],{"class":69},[59,18163,74],{"class":73},[59,18165,78],{"class":77},[59,18167,354],{"class":81},[59,18169,78],{"class":77},[59,18171,87],{"class":73},[59,18173,90],{"class":77},[59,18175,442],{"class":81},[59,18177,78],{"class":77},[59,18179,87],{"class":73},[59,18181,90],{"class":77},[59,18183,451],{"class":81},[59,18185,78],{"class":77},[59,18187,107],{"class":73},[59,18189,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18203,18205,18208,18210,18213],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18191,9170],{"class":65},[59,18193,70],{"class":69},[59,18195,10491],{"class":73},[59,18197,14841],{"class":65},[59,18199,1002],{"class":73},[59,18201,18202],{"class":73}," []",[59,18204,958],{"class":120},[59,18206,18207],{"class":65}," key ",[59,18209,132],{"class":120},[59,18211,18212],{"class":65}," keys",[59,18214,9309],{"class":73},[59,18216,18217],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,18218,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,18220,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,18222,9208],{"class":65},[59,18224,3914],{"class":73},[59,18226,78],{"class":77},[59,18228,354],{"class":81},[59,18230,78],{"class":77},[59,18232,13549],{"class":73},[59,18234,13552],{"class":142},[59,18236,139],{"class":73},[59,18238,187],{"class":178},[59,18240,165],{"class":73},[59,18242,18243],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,18244,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,18246,18247,18249,18251,18253],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,18248,715],{"class":135},[59,18250,139],{"class":73},[59,18252,9208],{"class":142},[59,18254,165],{"class":73},[20,18256,168],{},[50,18258,18260],{"className":52,"code":18259,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18261,18262],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18263,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18265,893],{"class":73},[59,18267,1725],{"class":77},[59,18269,354],{"class":81},[59,18271,1725],{"class":77},[59,18273,1002],{"class":73},[59,18275,74],{"class":73},[59,18277,187],{"class":178},[59,18279,1697],{"class":73},[59,18281,1734],{"class":77},[59,18283,442],{"class":81},[59,18285,1725],{"class":77},[59,18287,1002],{"class":73},[59,18289,18290],{"class":73}," [],",[59,18292,1734],{"class":77},[59,18294,451],{"class":81},[59,18296,1725],{"class":77},[59,18298,1002],{"class":73},[59,18300,18301],{"class":73}," []}\n",[20,18303,18304],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18306,18307],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[45,18309,776,18311],{"id":18310},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18312,17218],{},[20,18314,18315,18317],{},[15,18316,17223],{}," is a good choice when:",[29,18319,18320,18323,18326],{},[32,18321,18322],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[32,18324,18325],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[32,18327,18328],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18330,2148],{},[50,18332,18334],{"className":52,"code":18333,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18335,18336,18381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18337,18338,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18373,18375,18377,18379],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18339,18340],{"class":65},"flags ",[59,18342,70],{"class":69},[59,18344,9175],{"class":697},[59,18346,358],{"class":73},[59,18348,17283],{"class":142},[59,18350,1629],{"class":73},[59,18352,78],{"class":77},[59,18354,18355],{"class":81},"is_admin",[59,18357,78],{"class":77},[59,18359,87],{"class":73},[59,18361,90],{"class":77},[59,18363,15079],{"class":81},[59,18365,78],{"class":77},[59,18367,87],{"class":73},[59,18369,90],{"class":77},[59,18371,18372],{"class":81},"is_verified",[59,18374,78],{"class":77},[59,18376,1697],{"class":73},[59,18378,3921],{"class":3867},[59,18380,165],{"class":73},[59,18382,18383,18385,18387,18390],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18384,715],{"class":135},[59,18386,139],{"class":73},[59,18388,18389],{"class":142},"flags",[59,18391,165],{"class":73},[50,18393,18395],{"className":52,"code":18394,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18396,18397,18442],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18398,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18416,18418,18420,18422,18425,18427,18429,18431,18434,18436,18438,18440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18400,5077],{"class":65},[59,18402,70],{"class":69},[59,18404,9175],{"class":697},[59,18406,358],{"class":73},[59,18408,17283],{"class":142},[59,18410,1629],{"class":73},[59,18412,78],{"class":77},[59,18414,18415],{"class":81},"math",[59,18417,78],{"class":77},[59,18419,87],{"class":73},[59,18421,90],{"class":77},[59,18423,18424],{"class":81},"science",[59,18426,78],{"class":77},[59,18428,87],{"class":73},[59,18430,90],{"class":77},[59,18432,18433],{"class":81},"history",[59,18435,78],{"class":77},[59,18437,1697],{"class":73},[59,18439,3848],{"class":178},[59,18441,165],{"class":73},[59,18443,18444,18446,18448,18450],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18445,715],{"class":135},[59,18447,139],{"class":73},[59,18449,16389],{"class":142},[59,18451,165],{"class":73},[20,18453,18454,18455,18457],{},"It is ",[549,18456,4647],{}," the best choice when:",[29,18459,18460,18463],{},[32,18461,18462],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[32,18464,18465],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[45,18467,18469,18471],{"id":18468},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18470,17218],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18473,18474,18476],{},[15,18475,17218],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1127,18478,1599,18480],{"id":18479},"using-fromkeys",[15,18481,17218],{},[50,18483,18485],{"className":52,"code":18484,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18486,18487,18532],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18488,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18506,18508,18510,18512,18515,18517,18519,18521,18524,18526,18528,18530],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18490,13825],{"class":65},[59,18492,70],{"class":69},[59,18494,9175],{"class":697},[59,18496,358],{"class":73},[59,18498,17283],{"class":142},[59,18500,1629],{"class":73},[59,18502,78],{"class":77},[59,18504,18505],{"class":81},"sound",[59,18507,78],{"class":77},[59,18509,87],{"class":73},[59,18511,90],{"class":77},[59,18513,18514],{"class":81},"music",[59,18516,78],{"class":77},[59,18518,87],{"class":73},[59,18520,90],{"class":77},[59,18522,18523],{"class":81},"notifications",[59,18525,78],{"class":77},[59,18527,1697],{"class":73},[59,18529,3930],{"class":3867},[59,18531,165],{"class":73},[59,18533,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18535,715],{"class":135},[59,18537,139],{"class":73},[59,18539,13884],{"class":142},[59,18541,165],{"class":73},[1127,18543,18545],{"id":18544},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[50,18547,18549],{"className":52,"code":18548,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18550,18551,18559,18573,18587,18599,18603],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18552,18553,18555,18557],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18554,13825],{"class":65},[59,18556,70],{"class":69},[59,18558,11496],{"class":73},[59,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18562,11501],{"class":77},[59,18564,18505],{"class":81},[59,18566,78],{"class":77},[59,18568,1002],{"class":73},[59,18570,3930],{"class":3867},[59,18572,11517],{"class":73},[59,18574,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,18576,11501],{"class":77},[59,18578,18514],{"class":81},[59,18580,78],{"class":77},[59,18582,1002],{"class":73},[59,18584,3921],{"class":3867},[59,18586,11517],{"class":73},[59,18588,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,18590,11501],{"class":77},[59,18592,18523],{"class":81},[59,18594,78],{"class":77},[59,18596,1002],{"class":73},[59,18598,6429],{"class":3867},[59,18600,18601],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,18602,9309],{"class":73},[59,18604,18605,18607,18609,18611],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,18606,715],{"class":135},[59,18608,139],{"class":73},[59,18610,13884],{"class":142},[59,18612,165],{"class":73},[20,18614,18615],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1127,18617,18619],{"id":18618},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[50,18621,18623],{"className":52,"code":18622,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18624,18625,18657,18681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18626,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18628,17242],{"class":65},[59,18630,70],{"class":69},[59,18632,74],{"class":73},[59,18634,78],{"class":77},[59,18636,354],{"class":81},[59,18638,78],{"class":77},[59,18640,87],{"class":73},[59,18642,90],{"class":77},[59,18644,442],{"class":81},[59,18646,78],{"class":77},[59,18648,87],{"class":73},[59,18650,90],{"class":77},[59,18652,451],{"class":81},[59,18654,78],{"class":77},[59,18656,107],{"class":73},[59,18658,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18660,9170],{"class":65},[59,18662,70],{"class":69},[59,18664,10491],{"class":73},[59,18666,14841],{"class":65},[59,18668,1002],{"class":73},[59,18670,18202],{"class":73},[59,18672,958],{"class":120},[59,18674,18207],{"class":65},[59,18676,132],{"class":120},[59,18678,18212],{"class":65},[59,18680,9309],{"class":73},[59,18682,18683,18685,18687,18689],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,18684,715],{"class":135},[59,18686,139],{"class":73},[59,18688,9208],{"class":142},[59,18690,165],{"class":73},[20,18692,18693],{},"Use:",[29,18695,18696,18701,18704],{},[32,18697,18698,18700],{},[15,18699,17218],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[32,18702,18703],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[32,18705,18706],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18708,18709,18710,358],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[354,18711,10738,18712,10742],{"href":14032},[15,18713,14954],{},[45,18715,1579],{"id":1578},[20,18717,14733,18718,358],{},[15,18719,17223],{},[1127,18721,18723],{"id":18722},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[50,18725,18727],{"className":52,"code":18726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18728,18729,18762,18785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18730,18731,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18732,18733],{"class":65},"d ",[59,18735,70],{"class":69},[59,18737,9175],{"class":697},[59,18739,358],{"class":73},[59,18741,17283],{"class":142},[59,18743,1629],{"class":73},[59,18745,78],{"class":77},[59,18747,354],{"class":81},[59,18749,78],{"class":77},[59,18751,87],{"class":73},[59,18753,90],{"class":77},[59,18755,442],{"class":81},[59,18757,78],{"class":77},[59,18759,1697],{"class":73},[59,18761,17995],{"class":73},[59,18763,18764,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18765,18766],{"class":65},"d",[59,18768,3914],{"class":73},[59,18770,78],{"class":77},[59,18772,354],{"class":81},[59,18774,78],{"class":77},[59,18776,13549],{"class":73},[59,18778,13552],{"class":142},[59,18780,139],{"class":73},[59,18782,187],{"class":178},[59,18784,165],{"class":73},[59,18786,18787,18789,18791,18793],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,18788,715],{"class":135},[59,18790,139],{"class":73},[59,18792,18766],{"class":142},[59,18794,165],{"class":73},[20,18796,168],{},[50,18798,18800],{"className":52,"code":18799,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18801,18802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18803,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18805,893],{"class":73},[59,18807,1725],{"class":77},[59,18809,354],{"class":81},[59,18811,1725],{"class":77},[59,18813,1002],{"class":73},[59,18815,74],{"class":73},[59,18817,187],{"class":178},[59,18819,1697],{"class":73},[59,18821,1734],{"class":77},[59,18823,442],{"class":81},[59,18825,1725],{"class":77},[59,18827,1002],{"class":73},[59,18829,74],{"class":73},[59,18831,187],{"class":178},[59,18833,13705],{"class":73},[20,18835,18836],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18838,18839],{},"Use this instead:",[50,18841,18843],{"className":52,"code":18842,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18844,18845,18869,18893],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18846,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18848,17242],{"class":65},[59,18850,70],{"class":69},[59,18852,74],{"class":73},[59,18854,78],{"class":77},[59,18856,354],{"class":81},[59,18858,78],{"class":77},[59,18860,87],{"class":73},[59,18862,90],{"class":77},[59,18864,442],{"class":81},[59,18866,78],{"class":77},[59,18868,107],{"class":73},[59,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18872,18733],{"class":65},[59,18874,70],{"class":69},[59,18876,10491],{"class":73},[59,18878,14841],{"class":65},[59,18880,1002],{"class":73},[59,18882,18202],{"class":73},[59,18884,958],{"class":120},[59,18886,18207],{"class":65},[59,18888,132],{"class":120},[59,18890,18212],{"class":65},[59,18892,9309],{"class":73},[59,18894,18895,18897,18899,18901],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,18896,715],{"class":135},[59,18898,139],{"class":73},[59,18900,18766],{"class":142},[59,18902,165],{"class":73},[1127,18904,18906,18907,18909],{"id":18905},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18908,17218],{}," on a list",[20,18911,18912],{},"Wrong idea:",[50,18914,18916],{"className":52,"code":18915,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18917,18918,18950],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18919,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18921,17242],{"class":65},[59,18923,70],{"class":69},[59,18925,74],{"class":73},[59,18927,78],{"class":77},[59,18929,354],{"class":81},[59,18931,78],{"class":77},[59,18933,87],{"class":73},[59,18935,90],{"class":77},[59,18937,442],{"class":81},[59,18939,78],{"class":77},[59,18941,87],{"class":73},[59,18943,90],{"class":77},[59,18945,451],{"class":81},[59,18947,78],{"class":77},[59,18949,107],{"class":73},[59,18951,18952],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,18953,18954],{"class":3678},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18956,18957,18959,18960,18962,18963,358],{},[15,18958,17218],{}," belongs to ",[15,18961,8825],{},", not ",[15,18964,1651],{},[20,18966,18967],{},"Correct usage:",[50,18969,18971],{"className":52,"code":18970,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18972,18973,19005,19027],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,18974,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,18976,17242],{"class":65},[59,18978,70],{"class":69},[59,18980,74],{"class":73},[59,18982,78],{"class":77},[59,18984,354],{"class":81},[59,18986,78],{"class":77},[59,18988,87],{"class":73},[59,18990,90],{"class":77},[59,18992,442],{"class":81},[59,18994,78],{"class":77},[59,18996,87],{"class":73},[59,18998,90],{"class":77},[59,19000,451],{"class":81},[59,19002,78],{"class":77},[59,19004,107],{"class":73},[59,19006,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19008,18733],{"class":65},[59,19010,70],{"class":69},[59,19012,9175],{"class":697},[59,19014,358],{"class":73},[59,19016,17283],{"class":142},[59,19018,139],{"class":73},[59,19020,16924],{"class":142},[59,19022,87],{"class":73},[59,19024,3848],{"class":178},[59,19026,165],{"class":73},[59,19028,19029,19031,19033,19035],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,19030,715],{"class":135},[59,19032,139],{"class":73},[59,19034,18766],{"class":142},[59,19036,165],{"class":73},[1127,19038,8456,19040,19042],{"id":19039},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19041,17218],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19044,19045,19047],{},[15,19046,17223],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[50,19049,19051],{"className":52,"code":19050,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19052,19053,19073,19107,19111,19121],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19054,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19056,12088],{"class":65},[59,19058,70],{"class":69},[59,19060,10491],{"class":73},[59,19062,78],{"class":77},[59,19064,1260],{"class":81},[59,19066,78],{"class":77},[59,19068,1002],{"class":73},[59,19070,5506],{"class":178},[59,19072,9309],{"class":73},[59,19074,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19076,13040],{"class":65},[59,19078,70],{"class":69},[59,19080,9175],{"class":697},[59,19082,358],{"class":73},[59,19084,17283],{"class":142},[59,19086,1629],{"class":73},[59,19088,78],{"class":77},[59,19090,354],{"class":81},[59,19092,78],{"class":77},[59,19094,87],{"class":73},[59,19096,90],{"class":77},[59,19098,442],{"class":81},[59,19100,78],{"class":77},[59,19102,1697],{"class":73},[59,19104,3848],{"class":178},[59,19106,165],{"class":73},[59,19108,19109],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,19110,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,19112,19113,19115,19117,19119],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,19114,715],{"class":135},[59,19116,139],{"class":73},[59,19118,12135],{"class":142},[59,19120,165],{"class":73},[59,19122,19123,19125,19127,19130],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,19124,715],{"class":135},[59,19126,139],{"class":73},[59,19128,19129],{"class":142},"new_dict",[59,19131,165],{"class":73},[20,19133,168],{},[50,19135,19137],{"className":52,"code":19136,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19138,19139,19155],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19142,893],{"class":73},[59,19144,1725],{"class":77},[59,19146,1260],{"class":81},[59,19148,1725],{"class":77},[59,19150,1002],{"class":73},[59,19152,5506],{"class":178},[59,19154,9309],{"class":73},[59,19156,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19158,893],{"class":73},[59,19160,1725],{"class":77},[59,19162,354],{"class":81},[59,19164,1725],{"class":77},[59,19166,1002],{"class":73},[59,19168,3848],{"class":178},[59,19170,87],{"class":73},[59,19172,1734],{"class":77},[59,19174,442],{"class":81},[59,19176,1725],{"class":77},[59,19178,1002],{"class":73},[59,19180,3848],{"class":178},[59,19182,9309],{"class":73},[20,19184,19185,19186,358],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[354,19187,10738,19188,10742],{"href":14032},[15,19189,14954],{},[1127,19191,19193,19194],{"id":19192},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19195,3792],{},[50,19197,19199],{"className":52,"code":19198,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19200,19201,19231],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19202,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19204,18733],{"class":65},[59,19206,70],{"class":69},[59,19208,9175],{"class":697},[59,19210,358],{"class":73},[59,19212,17283],{"class":142},[59,19214,1629],{"class":73},[59,19216,78],{"class":77},[59,19218,1260],{"class":81},[59,19220,78],{"class":77},[59,19222,87],{"class":73},[59,19224,90],{"class":77},[59,19226,1269],{"class":81},[59,19228,78],{"class":77},[59,19230,3902],{"class":73},[59,19232,19233,19235,19237,19239],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19234,715],{"class":135},[59,19236,139],{"class":73},[59,19238,18766],{"class":142},[59,19240,165],{"class":73},[20,19242,168],{},[50,19244,19246],{"className":52,"code":19245,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19247,19248],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19249,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19251,893],{"class":73},[59,19253,1725],{"class":77},[59,19255,1260],{"class":81},[59,19257,1725],{"class":77},[59,19259,1002],{"class":73},[59,19261,3868],{"class":3867},[59,19263,87],{"class":73},[59,19265,1734],{"class":77},[59,19267,1269],{"class":81},[59,19269,1725],{"class":77},[59,19271,1002],{"class":73},[59,19273,3868],{"class":3867},[59,19275,9309],{"class":73},[20,19277,19278,19279,358],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19280,3792],{},[45,19282,19284],{"id":19283},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19286,19287,19288,19290],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19289,17218],{}," works.",[50,19292,19294],{"className":52,"code":19293,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19295,19296],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19297,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19299,715],{"class":135},[59,19301,139],{"class":73},[59,19303,8825],{"class":697},[59,19305,358],{"class":73},[59,19307,17283],{"class":142},[59,19309,1629],{"class":73},[59,19311,78],{"class":77},[59,19313,354],{"class":81},[59,19315,78],{"class":77},[59,19317,87],{"class":73},[59,19319,90],{"class":77},[59,19321,442],{"class":81},[59,19323,78],{"class":77},[59,19325,1697],{"class":73},[59,19327,3848],{"class":178},[59,19329,710],{"class":73},[50,19331,19332],{"className":52,"code":19198,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,19333,19334,19364],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19335,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19337,18733],{"class":65},[59,19339,70],{"class":69},[59,19341,9175],{"class":697},[59,19343,358],{"class":73},[59,19345,17283],{"class":142},[59,19347,1629],{"class":73},[59,19349,78],{"class":77},[59,19351,1260],{"class":81},[59,19353,78],{"class":77},[59,19355,87],{"class":73},[59,19357,90],{"class":77},[59,19359,1269],{"class":81},[59,19361,78],{"class":77},[59,19363,3902],{"class":73},[59,19365,19366,19368,19370,19372],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19367,715],{"class":135},[59,19369,139],{"class":73},[59,19371,18766],{"class":142},[59,19373,165],{"class":73},[50,19375,19376],{"className":52,"code":18726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,19377,19378,19410,19432],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19379,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19381,18733],{"class":65},[59,19383,70],{"class":69},[59,19385,9175],{"class":697},[59,19387,358],{"class":73},[59,19389,17283],{"class":142},[59,19391,1629],{"class":73},[59,19393,78],{"class":77},[59,19395,354],{"class":81},[59,19397,78],{"class":77},[59,19399,87],{"class":73},[59,19401,90],{"class":77},[59,19403,442],{"class":81},[59,19405,78],{"class":77},[59,19407,1697],{"class":73},[59,19409,17995],{"class":73},[59,19411,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19413,18766],{"class":65},[59,19415,3914],{"class":73},[59,19417,78],{"class":77},[59,19419,354],{"class":81},[59,19421,78],{"class":77},[59,19423,13549],{"class":73},[59,19425,13552],{"class":142},[59,19427,139],{"class":73},[59,19429,187],{"class":178},[59,19431,165],{"class":73},[59,19433,19434,19436,19438,19440],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,19435,715],{"class":135},[59,19437,139],{"class":73},[59,19439,18766],{"class":142},[59,19441,165],{"class":73},[50,19443,19445],{"className":52,"code":19444,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19446,19447],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19448,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19450,715],{"class":135},[59,19452,139],{"class":73},[59,19454,3239],{"class":697},[59,19456,139],{"class":73},[59,19458,8825],{"class":697},[59,19460,358],{"class":73},[59,19462,17283],{"class":142},[59,19464,1629],{"class":73},[59,19466,187],{"class":178},[59,19468,87],{"class":73},[59,19470,3009],{"class":178},[59,19472,87],{"class":73},[59,19474,2469],{"class":178},[59,19476,1697],{"class":73},[59,19478,90],{"class":77},[59,19480,1217],{"class":81},[59,19482,78],{"class":77},[59,19484,1706],{"class":73},[45,19486,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,19488,1882,19490,19492],{"id":19489},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19491,17218],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19494,19495],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1127,19497,19499],{"id":19498},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19501,19502,19503,358],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19504,3792],{},[1127,19506,19508],{"id":19507},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19510,19511],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1127,19513,19515],{"id":19514},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19517,18150],{},[50,19519,19521],{"className":52,"code":19520,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19522,19523,19555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19524,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19526,17242],{"class":65},[59,19528,70],{"class":69},[59,19530,74],{"class":73},[59,19532,78],{"class":77},[59,19534,354],{"class":81},[59,19536,78],{"class":77},[59,19538,87],{"class":73},[59,19540,90],{"class":77},[59,19542,442],{"class":81},[59,19544,78],{"class":77},[59,19546,87],{"class":73},[59,19548,90],{"class":77},[59,19550,451],{"class":81},[59,19552,78],{"class":77},[59,19554,107],{"class":73},[59,19556,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19558,9170],{"class":65},[59,19560,70],{"class":69},[59,19562,10491],{"class":73},[59,19564,14841],{"class":65},[59,19566,1002],{"class":73},[59,19568,18202],{"class":73},[59,19570,958],{"class":120},[59,19572,18207],{"class":65},[59,19574,132],{"class":120},[59,19576,18212],{"class":65},[59,19578,9309],{"class":73},[45,19580,1927],{"id":1926},[29,19582,19583,19587,19591,19595,19601],{},[32,19584,19585],{},[354,19586,11244],{"href":13028},[32,19588,19589],{},[354,19590,9160],{"href":13025},[32,19592,19593],{},[354,19594,11253],{"href":17902},[32,19596,19597],{},[354,19598,10738,19599,10742],{"href":14032},[15,19600,14954],{},[32,19602,19603],{},[354,19604,10738,19605,10742],{"href":14999},[15,19606,12779],{},[20,19608,201,19609,19611],{},[15,19610,17223],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1953,19613,19614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":19616},[19617,19618,19620,19624,19625,19627,19632,19634,19641,19650,19651,19658],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":17323,"depth":110,"text":19619},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17367,"depth":110,"text":17368,"children":19621},[19622,19623],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":17418,"depth":117,"text":17419},{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":17577,"depth":110,"text":19626},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17906,"depth":110,"text":17907,"children":19628},[19629,19630,19631],{"id":17936,"depth":117,"text":17937},{"id":18098,"depth":117,"text":18099},{"id":18146,"depth":117,"text":18147},{"id":18310,"depth":110,"text":19633},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18468,"depth":110,"text":19635,"children":19636},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19637,19639,19640],{"id":18479,"depth":117,"text":19638},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18544,"depth":117,"text":18545},{"id":18618,"depth":117,"text":18619},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":19642},[19643,19644,19646,19648],{"id":18722,"depth":117,"text":18723},{"id":18905,"depth":117,"text":19645},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19039,"depth":117,"text":19647},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19192,"depth":117,"text":19649},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19283,"depth":110,"text":19284},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":19652},[19653,19655,19656,19657],{"id":19489,"depth":117,"text":19654},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19498,"depth":117,"text":19499},{"id":19507,"depth":117,"text":19508},{"id":19514,"depth":117,"text":19515},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17210,"description":19659},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19666,"title":19667,"body":19668,"description":21497,"extension":1988,"meta":21498,"navigation":113,"path":21499,"seo":21500,"stem":21501,"__hash__":21502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19669,"toc":21464},[19670,19675,19681,19692,19822,19829,19834,19838,19854,19856,19954,19957,19974,19978,19980,19985,20023,20026,20044,20046,20164,20169,20173,20189,20192,20328,20331,20336,20342,20345,20382,20385,20389,20394,20470,20474,20479,20561,20563,20579,20584,20588,20594,20663,20666,20683,20686,20768,20774,20777,20797,20801,20806,20812,20818,20889,20892,20898,20901,20975,20982,20988,20996,21006,21008,21103,21109,21114,21201,21207,21209,21214,21236,21239,21334,21337,21368,21381,21383,21391,21397,21403,21406,21412,21417,21423,21428,21430,21461],[10,19671,11320,19673,11324],{"id":19672},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19674,10741],{},[20,19676,19677,19678,19680],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19679,10741],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19682,19683,19684,1208,19687,2414,19689,19691],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19685,19686],{},"KeyError",[15,19688,10741],{},[15,19690,3792],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[50,19693,19695],{"className":52,"code":19694,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19696,19697,19733,19737,19763,19788],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19698,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19700,13203],{"class":65},[59,19702,70],{"class":69},[59,19704,10491],{"class":73},[59,19706,78],{"class":77},[59,19708,7676],{"class":81},[59,19710,78],{"class":77},[59,19712,1002],{"class":73},[59,19714,90],{"class":77},[59,19716,258],{"class":81},[59,19718,78],{"class":77},[59,19720,87],{"class":73},[59,19722,90],{"class":77},[59,19724,9299],{"class":81},[59,19726,78],{"class":77},[59,19728,1002],{"class":73},[59,19730,9306],{"class":178},[59,19732,9309],{"class":73},[59,19734,19735],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19736,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,19738,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,19740,715],{"class":135},[59,19742,139],{"class":73},[59,19744,17307],{"class":142},[59,19746,358],{"class":73},[59,19748,19749],{"class":142},"get",[59,19751,139],{"class":73},[59,19753,78],{"class":77},[59,19755,7676],{"class":81},[59,19757,78],{"class":77},[59,19759,5369],{"class":73},[59,19761,19762],{"class":3678},"           # Ana\n",[59,19764,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,19766,715],{"class":135},[59,19768,139],{"class":73},[59,19770,17307],{"class":142},[59,19772,358],{"class":73},[59,19774,19749],{"class":142},[59,19776,139],{"class":73},[59,19778,78],{"class":77},[59,19780,10409],{"class":81},[59,19782,78],{"class":77},[59,19784,5369],{"class":73},[59,19786,19787],{"class":3678},"           # None\n",[59,19789,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19815,19817,19819],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,19791,715],{"class":135},[59,19793,139],{"class":73},[59,19795,17307],{"class":142},[59,19797,358],{"class":73},[59,19799,19749],{"class":142},[59,19801,139],{"class":73},[59,19803,78],{"class":77},[59,19805,10409],{"class":81},[59,19807,78],{"class":77},[59,19809,87],{"class":73},[59,19811,90],{"class":77},[59,19813,19814],{"class":81},"N\u002FA",[59,19816,78],{"class":77},[59,19818,5369],{"class":73},[59,19820,19821],{"class":3678},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19823,201,19824,19826,19827,358],{},[15,19825,10741],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19828,19686],{},[45,19830,208,19832,211],{"id":19831},"what-get-does",[15,19833,10741],{},[20,19835,2005,19836,11415],{},[15,19837,10741],{},[29,19839,19840,19843,19848,19851],{},[32,19841,19842],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[32,19844,11426,19845,19847],{},[15,19846,3792],{}," if the key does not exist",[32,19849,19850],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[32,19852,19853],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19855,239],{},[50,19857,19859],{"className":52,"code":19858,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19860,19861,19900,19904,19929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19882,19884,19886,19888,19891,19893,19895,19898],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19864,12866],{"class":65},[59,19866,70],{"class":69},[59,19868,10491],{"class":73},[59,19870,78],{"class":77},[59,19872,7676],{"class":81},[59,19874,78],{"class":77},[59,19876,1002],{"class":73},[59,19878,90],{"class":77},[59,19880,19881],{"class":81},"Lina",[59,19883,78],{"class":77},[59,19885,87],{"class":73},[59,19887,90],{"class":77},[59,19889,19890],{"class":81},"grade",[59,19892,78],{"class":77},[59,19894,1002],{"class":73},[59,19896,19897],{"class":178}," 90",[59,19899,9309],{"class":73},[59,19901,19902],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,19903,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,19905,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,19907,715],{"class":135},[59,19909,139],{"class":73},[59,19911,13625],{"class":142},[59,19913,358],{"class":73},[59,19915,19749],{"class":142},[59,19917,139],{"class":73},[59,19919,78],{"class":77},[59,19921,7676],{"class":81},[59,19923,78],{"class":77},[59,19925,5369],{"class":73},[59,19927,19928],{"class":3678},"     # Lina\n",[59,19930,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,19932,715],{"class":135},[59,19934,139],{"class":73},[59,19936,13625],{"class":142},[59,19938,358],{"class":73},[59,19940,19749],{"class":142},[59,19942,139],{"class":73},[59,19944,78],{"class":77},[59,19946,15259],{"class":81},[59,19948,78],{"class":77},[59,19950,5369],{"class":73},[59,19952,19953],{"class":3678},"    # None\n",[20,19955,19956],{},"In this example:",[29,19958,19959,19964],{},[32,19960,19961,19963],{},[15,19962,15240],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[32,19965,19966,19969,19970,2414,19972],{},[15,19967,19968],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19971,10741],{},[15,19973,3792],{},[20,19975,13022,19976,358],{},[354,19977,9160],{"href":9159},[45,19979,362],{"id":361},[20,19981,19982,19983,1002],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19984,10741],{},[50,19986,19988],{"className":52,"code":19987,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19989,19990,20004],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,19991,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,19993,15605],{"class":65},[59,19995,358],{"class":73},[59,19997,19749],{"class":142},[59,19999,139],{"class":73},[59,20001,14841],{"class":142},[59,20003,165],{"class":73},[59,20005,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20021],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20007,15605],{"class":65},[59,20009,358],{"class":73},[59,20011,19749],{"class":142},[59,20013,139],{"class":73},[59,20015,14841],{"class":142},[59,20017,87],{"class":73},[59,20019,20020],{"class":142}," default_value",[59,20022,165],{"class":73},[20,20024,20025],{},"What each part means:",[29,20027,20028,20033,20039],{},[32,20029,20030,20032],{},[15,20031,14841],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[32,20034,20035,20038],{},[15,20036,20037],{},"default_value"," is optional",[32,20040,20041,20042],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20043,3792],{},[20,20045,239],{},[50,20047,20049],{"className":52,"code":20048,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20050,20051,20075,20079,20104,20130],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20052,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20054,13825],{"class":65},[59,20056,70],{"class":69},[59,20058,10491],{"class":73},[59,20060,78],{"class":77},[59,20062,12497],{"class":81},[59,20064,78],{"class":77},[59,20066,1002],{"class":73},[59,20068,90],{"class":77},[59,20070,12506],{"class":81},[59,20072,78],{"class":77},[59,20074,9309],{"class":73},[59,20076,20077],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20078,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20080,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20082,715],{"class":135},[59,20084,139],{"class":73},[59,20086,13884],{"class":142},[59,20088,358],{"class":73},[59,20090,19749],{"class":142},[59,20092,139],{"class":73},[59,20094,78],{"class":77},[59,20096,12497],{"class":81},[59,20098,78],{"class":77},[59,20100,5369],{"class":73},[59,20102,20103],{"class":3678},"            # dark\n",[59,20105,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20123,20125,20127],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20107,715],{"class":135},[59,20109,139],{"class":73},[59,20111,13884],{"class":142},[59,20113,358],{"class":73},[59,20115,19749],{"class":142},[59,20117,139],{"class":73},[59,20119,78],{"class":77},[59,20121,20122],{"class":81},"language",[59,20124,78],{"class":77},[59,20126,5369],{"class":73},[59,20128,20129],{"class":3678},"         # None\n",[59,20131,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20157,20159,20161],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,20133,715],{"class":135},[59,20135,139],{"class":73},[59,20137,13884],{"class":142},[59,20139,358],{"class":73},[59,20141,19749],{"class":142},[59,20143,139],{"class":73},[59,20145,78],{"class":77},[59,20147,20122],{"class":81},[59,20149,78],{"class":77},[59,20151,87],{"class":73},[59,20153,90],{"class":77},[59,20155,20156],{"class":81},"en",[59,20158,78],{"class":77},[59,20160,5369],{"class":73},[59,20162,20163],{"class":3678},"   # en\n",[45,20165,776,20167],{"id":20166},"when-to-use-get",[15,20168,10741],{},[20,20170,201,20171,10602],{},[15,20172,10741],{},[29,20174,20175,20178,20183,20186],{},[32,20176,20177],{},"A key might not exist",[32,20179,20180,20181],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20182,19686],{},[32,20184,20185],{},"You are reading optional data",[32,20187,20188],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20190,20191],{},"Example with optional user data:",[50,20193,20195],{"className":52,"code":20194,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20196,20197,20239,20243,20268,20294],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20198,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20235,20237],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20200,11491],{"class":65},[59,20202,70],{"class":69},[59,20204,10491],{"class":73},[59,20206,78],{"class":77},[59,20208,7991],{"class":81},[59,20210,78],{"class":77},[59,20212,1002],{"class":73},[59,20214,90],{"class":77},[59,20216,20217],{"class":81},"sam",[59,20219,78],{"class":77},[59,20221,87],{"class":73},[59,20223,90],{"class":77},[59,20225,15259],{"class":81},[59,20227,78],{"class":77},[59,20229,1002],{"class":73},[59,20231,90],{"class":77},[59,20233,20234],{"class":81},"sam@example.com",[59,20236,78],{"class":77},[59,20238,9309],{"class":73},[59,20240,20241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20242,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20244,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20246,715],{"class":135},[59,20248,139],{"class":73},[59,20250,11585],{"class":142},[59,20252,358],{"class":73},[59,20254,19749],{"class":142},[59,20256,139],{"class":73},[59,20258,78],{"class":77},[59,20260,7991],{"class":81},[59,20262,78],{"class":77},[59,20264,5369],{"class":73},[59,20266,20267],{"class":3678},"              # sam\n",[59,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20287,20289,20291],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20271,715],{"class":135},[59,20273,139],{"class":73},[59,20275,11585],{"class":142},[59,20277,358],{"class":73},[59,20279,19749],{"class":142},[59,20281,139],{"class":73},[59,20283,78],{"class":77},[59,20285,20286],{"class":81},"phone",[59,20288,78],{"class":77},[59,20290,5369],{"class":73},[59,20292,20293],{"class":3678},"                 # None\n",[59,20295,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20321,20323,20325],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,20297,715],{"class":135},[59,20299,139],{"class":73},[59,20301,11585],{"class":142},[59,20303,358],{"class":73},[59,20305,19749],{"class":142},[59,20307,139],{"class":73},[59,20309,78],{"class":77},[59,20311,20286],{"class":81},[59,20313,78],{"class":77},[59,20315,87],{"class":73},[59,20317,90],{"class":77},[59,20319,20320],{"class":81},"Not provided",[59,20322,78],{"class":77},[59,20324,5369],{"class":73},[59,20326,20327],{"class":3678}," # Not provided\n",[20,20329,20330],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20332,20333,20334,358],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[354,20335,16598],{"href":16597},[45,20337,20339,20341],{"id":20338},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20340,10741],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20343,20344],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[50,20346,20348],{"className":52,"code":20347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20349,20350,20364],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20351,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20353,9208],{"class":65},[59,20355,3914],{"class":73},[59,20357,78],{"class":77},[59,20359,14841],{"class":81},[59,20361,78],{"class":77},[59,20363,107],{"class":73},[59,20365,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20367,9208],{"class":65},[59,20369,358],{"class":73},[59,20371,19749],{"class":142},[59,20373,139],{"class":73},[59,20375,78],{"class":77},[59,20377,14841],{"class":81},[59,20379,78],{"class":77},[59,20381,165],{"class":73},[20,20383,20384],{},"The difference is important.",[1127,20386,20388],{"id":20387},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20390,20391,20392,358],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20393,19686],{},[50,20395,20397],{"className":52,"code":20396,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20398,20399,20423,20427,20449],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20402,9170],{"class":65},[59,20404,70],{"class":69},[59,20406,10491],{"class":73},[59,20408,78],{"class":77},[59,20410,7676],{"class":81},[59,20412,78],{"class":77},[59,20414,1002],{"class":73},[59,20416,90],{"class":77},[59,20418,258],{"class":81},[59,20420,78],{"class":77},[59,20422,9309],{"class":73},[59,20424,20425],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20426,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20428,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20446],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20430,715],{"class":135},[59,20432,139],{"class":73},[59,20434,9208],{"class":142},[59,20436,3914],{"class":73},[59,20438,78],{"class":77},[59,20440,7676],{"class":81},[59,20442,78],{"class":77},[59,20444,20445],{"class":73},"])",[59,20447,20448],{"class":3678},"   # Ana\n",[59,20450,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20452,715],{"class":135},[59,20454,139],{"class":73},[59,20456,9208],{"class":142},[59,20458,3914],{"class":73},[59,20460,78],{"class":77},[59,20462,10409],{"class":81},[59,20464,78],{"class":77},[59,20466,20445],{"class":73},[59,20468,20469],{"class":3678},"   # KeyError\n",[1127,20471,20472],{"id":19749},[15,20473,10741],{},[20,20475,20476,20478],{},[15,20477,10741],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[50,20480,20482],{"className":52,"code":20481,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20483,20484,20508,20512,20536],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20485,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20487,9170],{"class":65},[59,20489,70],{"class":69},[59,20491,10491],{"class":73},[59,20493,78],{"class":77},[59,20495,7676],{"class":81},[59,20497,78],{"class":77},[59,20499,1002],{"class":73},[59,20501,90],{"class":77},[59,20503,258],{"class":81},[59,20505,78],{"class":77},[59,20507,9309],{"class":73},[59,20509,20510],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20511,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20513,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20515,715],{"class":135},[59,20517,139],{"class":73},[59,20519,9208],{"class":142},[59,20521,358],{"class":73},[59,20523,19749],{"class":142},[59,20525,139],{"class":73},[59,20527,78],{"class":77},[59,20529,7676],{"class":81},[59,20531,78],{"class":77},[59,20533,5369],{"class":73},[59,20535,20448],{"class":3678},[59,20537,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20539,715],{"class":135},[59,20541,139],{"class":73},[59,20543,9208],{"class":142},[59,20545,358],{"class":73},[59,20547,19749],{"class":142},[59,20549,139],{"class":73},[59,20551,78],{"class":77},[59,20553,10409],{"class":81},[59,20555,78],{"class":77},[59,20557,5369],{"class":73},[59,20559,20560],{"class":3678},"   # None\n",[20,20562,18693],{},[29,20564,20565,20571],{},[32,20566,20567,20568],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[549,20569,20570],{},"must exist",[32,20572,20573,20575,20576],{},[15,20574,10741],{}," when the key is ",[549,20577,20578],{},"optional",[20,20580,20581,20582,358],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[354,20583,11264],{"href":11076},[45,20585,20587],{"id":20586},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20589,20590,20591,20593],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20592,10741],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[50,20595,20597],{"className":52,"code":20596,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20598,20599,20624,20628],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20600,20601,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20602,20603],{"class":65},"profile ",[59,20605,70],{"class":69},[59,20607,10491],{"class":73},[59,20609,78],{"class":77},[59,20611,7676],{"class":81},[59,20613,78],{"class":77},[59,20615,1002],{"class":73},[59,20617,90],{"class":77},[59,20619,7927],{"class":81},[59,20621,78],{"class":77},[59,20623,9309],{"class":73},[59,20625,20626],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20627,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20629,20630,20632,20634,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20656,20658,20660],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20631,715],{"class":135},[59,20633,139],{"class":73},[59,20635,20636],{"class":142},"profile",[59,20638,358],{"class":73},[59,20640,19749],{"class":142},[59,20642,139],{"class":73},[59,20644,78],{"class":77},[59,20646,15262],{"class":81},[59,20648,78],{"class":77},[59,20650,87],{"class":73},[59,20652,90],{"class":77},[59,20654,20655],{"class":81},"Unknown",[59,20657,78],{"class":77},[59,20659,5369],{"class":73},[59,20661,20662],{"class":3678},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20664,20665],{},"This is useful for display text:",[29,20667,20668,20673,20678],{},[32,20669,20670],{},[15,20671,20672],{},"\"Unknown\"",[32,20674,20675],{},[15,20676,20677],{},"\"Not set\"",[32,20679,20680],{},[15,20681,20682],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20684,20685],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[50,20687,20689],{"className":52,"code":20688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20690,20691,20723,20727,20754],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20692,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20694,5077],{"class":65},[59,20696,70],{"class":69},[59,20698,10491],{"class":73},[59,20700,78],{"class":77},[59,20702,18415],{"class":81},[59,20704,78],{"class":77},[59,20706,1002],{"class":73},[59,20708,741],{"class":178},[59,20710,87],{"class":73},[59,20712,90],{"class":77},[59,20714,18424],{"class":81},[59,20716,78],{"class":77},[59,20718,1002],{"class":73},[59,20720,6366],{"class":178},[59,20722,9309],{"class":73},[59,20724,20725],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20726,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20728,20729,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20730,20731],{"class":65},"total_history ",[59,20733,70],{"class":69},[59,20735,5124],{"class":65},[59,20737,358],{"class":73},[59,20739,19749],{"class":142},[59,20741,139],{"class":73},[59,20743,78],{"class":77},[59,20745,18433],{"class":81},[59,20747,78],{"class":77},[59,20749,87],{"class":73},[59,20751,3848],{"class":178},[59,20753,165],{"class":73},[59,20755,20756,20758,20760,20763,20765],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20757,715],{"class":135},[59,20759,139],{"class":73},[59,20761,20762],{"class":142},"total_history",[59,20764,3675],{"class":73},[59,20766,20767],{"class":3678},"   # 0\n",[20,20769,20770,20771,20773],{},"Here, ",[15,20772,179],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20775,20776],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[29,20778,20779,20782,20787,20792],{},[32,20780,20781],{},"Use a string for text",[32,20783,201,20784,20786],{},[15,20785,179],{}," for numbers",[32,20788,201,20789,20791],{},[15,20790,3801],{}," for lists if needed",[32,20793,201,20794,20796],{},[15,20795,3806],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[45,20798,20800],{"id":20799},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20802,20803,20804,358],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20805,10741],{},[1127,20807,20809,20811],{"id":20808},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20810,10741],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20813,20814,20815,20817],{},"This code does ",[549,20816,4647],{}," create a new key:",[50,20819,20821],{"className":52,"code":20820,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20822,20823,20847,20851,20876],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20824,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20826,13203],{"class":65},[59,20828,70],{"class":69},[59,20830,10491],{"class":73},[59,20832,78],{"class":77},[59,20834,7676],{"class":81},[59,20836,78],{"class":77},[59,20838,1002],{"class":73},[59,20840,90],{"class":77},[59,20842,258],{"class":81},[59,20844,78],{"class":77},[59,20846,9309],{"class":73},[59,20848,20849],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20850,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20852,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20854,715],{"class":135},[59,20856,139],{"class":73},[59,20858,17307],{"class":142},[59,20860,358],{"class":73},[59,20862,19749],{"class":142},[59,20864,139],{"class":73},[59,20866,78],{"class":77},[59,20868,10409],{"class":81},[59,20870,78],{"class":77},[59,20872,5369],{"class":73},[59,20874,20875],{"class":3678},"  # None\n",[59,20877,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20879,715],{"class":135},[59,20881,139],{"class":73},[59,20883,17307],{"class":142},[59,20885,3675],{"class":73},[59,20887,20888],{"class":3678},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20890,20891],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1127,20893,20895,20897],{"id":20894},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20896,10741],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20899,20900],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[50,20902,20904],{"className":52,"code":20903,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20905,20906,20932,20936,20962],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,20907,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20919,20921,20923,20925,20928,20930],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,20909,13825],{"class":65},[59,20911,70],{"class":69},[59,20913,10491],{"class":73},[59,20915,78],{"class":77},[59,20917,20918],{"class":81},"mode",[59,20920,78],{"class":77},[59,20922,1002],{"class":73},[59,20924,90],{"class":77},[59,20926,20927],{"class":81},"light",[59,20929,78],{"class":77},[59,20931,9309],{"class":73},[59,20933,20934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,20935,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,20937,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,20939,13884],{"class":65},[59,20941,358],{"class":73},[59,20943,19749],{"class":142},[59,20945,139],{"class":73},[59,20947,78],{"class":77},[59,20949,12497],{"class":81},[59,20951,78],{"class":77},[59,20953,87],{"class":73},[59,20955,90],{"class":77},[59,20957,12506],{"class":81},[59,20959,78],{"class":77},[59,20961,165],{"class":73},[59,20963,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,20965,715],{"class":135},[59,20967,139],{"class":73},[59,20969,13884],{"class":142},[59,20971,3675],{"class":73},[59,20973,20974],{"class":3678},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20976,20977,20978,20981],{},"Even though ",[15,20979,20980],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1127,20983,20985,20986],{"id":20984},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20987,3792],{},[20,20989,20990,20991,2414,20993,20995],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20992,10741],{},[15,20994,3792],{}," because:",[29,20997,20998,21001],{},[32,20999,21000],{},"The key is missing, or",[32,21002,21003,21004],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21005,3792],{},[20,21007,239],{},[50,21009,21011],{"className":52,"code":21010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21012,21013,21050,21054,21078],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21014,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21042,21044,21046,21048],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21016,9170],{"class":65},[59,21018,70],{"class":69},[59,21020,10491],{"class":73},[59,21022,78],{"class":77},[59,21024,7676],{"class":81},[59,21026,78],{"class":77},[59,21028,1002],{"class":73},[59,21030,90],{"class":77},[59,21032,258],{"class":81},[59,21034,78],{"class":77},[59,21036,87],{"class":73},[59,21038,90],{"class":77},[59,21040,21041],{"class":81},"nickname",[59,21043,78],{"class":77},[59,21045,1002],{"class":73},[59,21047,3868],{"class":3867},[59,21049,9309],{"class":73},[59,21051,21052],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21053,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21055,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21057,715],{"class":135},[59,21059,139],{"class":73},[59,21061,9208],{"class":142},[59,21063,358],{"class":73},[59,21065,19749],{"class":142},[59,21067,139],{"class":73},[59,21069,78],{"class":77},[59,21071,21041],{"class":81},[59,21073,78],{"class":77},[59,21075,5369],{"class":73},[59,21077,20875],{"class":3678},[59,21079,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,21081,715],{"class":135},[59,21083,139],{"class":73},[59,21085,9208],{"class":142},[59,21087,358],{"class":73},[59,21089,19749],{"class":142},[59,21091,139],{"class":73},[59,21093,78],{"class":77},[59,21095,10409],{"class":81},[59,21097,78],{"class":77},[59,21099,5369],{"class":73},[59,21101,21102],{"class":3678},"      # None\n",[20,21104,21105,21106,21108],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21107,3792],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21110,21111,21112,1002],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21113,132],{},[50,21115,21117],{"className":52,"code":21116,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21118,21119,21155,21159,21180],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21120,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21122,9170],{"class":65},[59,21124,70],{"class":69},[59,21126,10491],{"class":73},[59,21128,78],{"class":77},[59,21130,7676],{"class":81},[59,21132,78],{"class":77},[59,21134,1002],{"class":73},[59,21136,90],{"class":77},[59,21138,258],{"class":81},[59,21140,78],{"class":77},[59,21142,87],{"class":73},[59,21144,90],{"class":77},[59,21146,21041],{"class":81},[59,21148,78],{"class":77},[59,21150,1002],{"class":73},[59,21152,3868],{"class":3867},[59,21154,9309],{"class":73},[59,21156,21157],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21158,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21160,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21174,21176,21178],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21162,715],{"class":135},[59,21164,139],{"class":73},[59,21166,78],{"class":77},[59,21168,21041],{"class":81},[59,21170,78],{"class":77},[59,21172,21173],{"class":120}," in",[59,21175,14566],{"class":142},[59,21177,3675],{"class":73},[59,21179,3679],{"class":3678},[59,21181,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,21183,715],{"class":135},[59,21185,139],{"class":73},[59,21187,78],{"class":77},[59,21189,10409],{"class":81},[59,21191,78],{"class":77},[59,21193,21173],{"class":120},[59,21195,14566],{"class":142},[59,21197,3675],{"class":73},[59,21199,21200],{"class":3678},"      # False\n",[20,21202,21203,21204,358],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[354,21205,21206],{"href":17153},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[45,21208,1579],{"id":1578},[20,21210,21211,21212,1002],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21213,10741],{},[29,21215,21216,21221,21228,21233],{},[32,21217,21218,21219],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21220,19686],{},[32,21222,4721,21223,2414,21225,21227],{},[15,21224,10741],{},[15,21226,3792],{}," if no default is provided",[32,21229,4595,21230,21232],{},[15,21231,10741],{}," creates a key automatically",[32,21234,21235],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21237,21238],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[50,21240,21242],{"className":52,"code":21241,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21243,21244,21254,21268,21286,21308],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21245,21246,21248,21250,21252],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21247,715],{"class":135},[59,21249,139],{"class":73},[59,21251,11452],{"class":142},[59,21253,165],{"class":73},[59,21255,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21257,715],{"class":135},[59,21259,139],{"class":73},[59,21261,11452],{"class":142},[59,21263,358],{"class":73},[59,21265,16924],{"class":142},[59,21267,7201],{"class":73},[59,21269,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21271,715],{"class":135},[59,21273,139],{"class":73},[59,21275,1725],{"class":77},[59,21277,7676],{"class":81},[59,21279,1725],{"class":77},[59,21281,21173],{"class":120},[59,21283,11768],{"class":142},[59,21285,165],{"class":73},[59,21287,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,21289,715],{"class":135},[59,21291,139],{"class":73},[59,21293,11452],{"class":142},[59,21295,358],{"class":73},[59,21297,19749],{"class":142},[59,21299,139],{"class":73},[59,21301,1725],{"class":77},[59,21303,7676],{"class":81},[59,21305,1725],{"class":77},[59,21307,710],{"class":73},[59,21309,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,21311,715],{"class":135},[59,21313,139],{"class":73},[59,21315,3239],{"class":697},[59,21317,139],{"class":73},[59,21319,11452],{"class":142},[59,21321,358],{"class":73},[59,21323,19749],{"class":142},[59,21325,139],{"class":73},[59,21327,1725],{"class":77},[59,21329,7676],{"class":81},[59,21331,1725],{"class":77},[59,21333,1706],{"class":73},[20,21335,21336],{},"What these checks tell you:",[29,21338,21339,21344,21350,21356,21362],{},[32,21340,21341,21343],{},[15,21342,12682],{}," shows the full dictionary",[32,21345,21346,21349],{},[15,21347,21348],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[32,21351,21352,21355],{},[15,21353,21354],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[32,21357,21358,21361],{},[15,21359,21360],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[32,21363,21364,21367],{},[15,21365,21366],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21369,21370,21371,4408,21376,21380],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[354,21372,21373,21374,10742],{"href":17062},"the dictionary ",[15,21375,17065],{},[354,21377,21373,21378,10742],{"href":17075},[15,21379,17078],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[45,21382,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,21384,1882,21386,21388,21389,1905],{"id":21385},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21387,10741],{}," raise ",[15,21390,19686],{},[20,21392,21393,21394,21396],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21395,3792],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1127,21398,1882,21400,21402],{"id":21399},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21401,10741],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21404,21405],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1127,21407,21409,21410,1905],{"id":21408},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21411,10741],{},[20,21413,21414,21416],{},[15,21415,3792],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1127,21418,1899,21420,21422],{"id":21419},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets",[15,21421,10741],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21424,201,21425,21427],{},[15,21426,10741],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[45,21429,1927],{"id":1926},[29,21431,21432,21436,21442,21448,21452,21457],{},[32,21433,21434],{},[354,21435,9160],{"href":9159},[32,21437,21438],{},[354,21439,10738,21440,10742],{"href":17062},[15,21441,17065],{},[32,21443,21444],{},[354,21445,10738,21446,10742],{"href":17075},[15,21447,17078],{},[32,21449,21450],{},[354,21451,17154],{"href":17153},[32,21453,21454],{},[354,21455,21456],{"href":16597},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[32,21458,21459],{},[354,21460,11264],{"href":11076},[1953,21462,21463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":21465},[21466,21468,21469,21471,21476,21477,21485,21486,21496],{"id":19831,"depth":110,"text":21467},"What get() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":20166,"depth":110,"text":21470},"When to use get()",{"id":20338,"depth":110,"text":21472,"children":21473},"get() vs square brackets",[21474,21475],{"id":20387,"depth":117,"text":20388},{"id":19749,"depth":117,"text":10741},{"id":20586,"depth":110,"text":20587},{"id":20799,"depth":110,"text":20800,"children":21478},[21479,21481,21483],{"id":20808,"depth":117,"text":21480},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20894,"depth":117,"text":21482},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20984,"depth":117,"text":21484},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":21487},[21488,21490,21492,21494],{"id":21385,"depth":117,"text":21489},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21399,"depth":117,"text":21491},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21408,"depth":117,"text":21493},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21419,"depth":117,"text":21495},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19667,"description":21497},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21504,"title":21505,"body":21506,"description":24057,"extension":1988,"meta":24058,"navigation":113,"path":24059,"seo":24060,"stem":24061,"__hash__":24062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21507,"toc":24023},[21508,21513,21519,21525,21527,21608,21612,21629,21634,21639,21644,21646,21660,21662,21725,21729,21768,21776,21778,21780,21795,21798,21811,21813,21892,21896,21962,21964,21968,21976,21978,21989,21991,22101,22105,22184,22190,22196,22201,22312,22316,22348,22351,22458,22464,22471,22475,22478,22580,22584,22645,22648,22651,22662,22671,22674,22691,22693,22792,22796,22871,22874,22897,22902,22907,22924,22926,23047,23051,23085,23087,23092,23098,23108,23110,23188,23191,23262,23272,23275,23307,23310,23349,23355,23362,23365,23456,23460,23541,23547,23550,23553,23658,23661,23664,23786,23790,23793,23860,23864,23901,23907,23909,23915,23920,23926,23933,23939,23942,23981,23987,23990,23992,24020],[10,21509,11320,21511,11324],{"id":21510},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21512,17078],{},[20,21514,2005,21515,21518],{},[15,21516,21517],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21520,21521,21522,21524],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21523,17078],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[45,21526,48],{"id":47},[50,21528,21530],{"className":52,"code":21529,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21531,21532,21568,21572,21594],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21533,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21535,13203],{"class":65},[59,21537,70],{"class":69},[59,21539,10491],{"class":73},[59,21541,78],{"class":77},[59,21543,7676],{"class":81},[59,21545,78],{"class":77},[59,21547,1002],{"class":73},[59,21549,90],{"class":77},[59,21551,258],{"class":81},[59,21553,78],{"class":77},[59,21555,87],{"class":73},[59,21557,90],{"class":77},[59,21559,9299],{"class":81},[59,21561,78],{"class":77},[59,21563,1002],{"class":73},[59,21565,9306],{"class":178},[59,21567,9309],{"class":73},[59,21569,21570],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21571,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21573,21574,21576,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21575,121],{"class":120},[59,21577,21578],{"class":65}," key",[59,21580,87],{"class":73},[59,21582,1173],{"class":65},[59,21584,132],{"class":120},[59,21586,13246],{"class":65},[59,21588,358],{"class":73},[59,21590,1297],{"class":142},[59,21592,21593],{"class":73},"():\n",[59,21595,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,21597,152],{"class":135},[59,21599,139],{"class":73},[59,21601,14841],{"class":142},[59,21603,87],{"class":73},[59,21605,1196],{"class":142},[59,21607,165],{"class":73},[20,21609,21610],{},[549,21611,168],{},[50,21613,21615],{"className":52,"code":21614,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21616,21617,21622],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21618,21619],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21620,21621],{"class":65},"name Ana\n",[59,21623,21624,21627],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21625,21626],{"class":65},"age ",[59,21628,2727],{"class":178},[20,21630,201,21631,21633],{},[15,21632,17078],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[45,21635,208,21637,211],{"id":21636},"what-items-does",[15,21638,17078],{},[20,21640,21641,21643],{},[15,21642,17078],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21645,11461],{},[29,21647,21648,21654,21657],{},[32,21649,21650,21651],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21652,21653],{},"(key, value)",[32,21655,21656],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[32,21658,21659],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21661,239],{},[50,21663,21665],{"className":52,"code":21664,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21666,21667,21703,21707],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21668,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21670,13203],{"class":65},[59,21672,70],{"class":69},[59,21674,10491],{"class":73},[59,21676,78],{"class":77},[59,21678,7676],{"class":81},[59,21680,78],{"class":77},[59,21682,1002],{"class":73},[59,21684,90],{"class":77},[59,21686,258],{"class":81},[59,21688,78],{"class":77},[59,21690,87],{"class":73},[59,21692,90],{"class":77},[59,21694,9299],{"class":81},[59,21696,78],{"class":77},[59,21698,1002],{"class":73},[59,21700,9306],{"class":178},[59,21702,9309],{"class":73},[59,21704,21705],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21706,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21708,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21710,715],{"class":135},[59,21712,139],{"class":73},[59,21714,1651],{"class":697},[59,21716,139],{"class":73},[59,21718,17307],{"class":142},[59,21720,358],{"class":73},[59,21722,1297],{"class":142},[59,21724,6296],{"class":73},[20,21726,21727],{},[549,21728,168],{},[50,21730,21732],{"className":52,"code":21731,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21733,21734],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21735,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21737,734],{"class":73},[59,21739,1725],{"class":77},[59,21741,7676],{"class":81},[59,21743,1725],{"class":77},[59,21745,87],{"class":73},[59,21747,1734],{"class":77},[59,21749,258],{"class":81},[59,21751,1725],{"class":77},[59,21753,744],{"class":73},[59,21755,747],{"class":73},[59,21757,1725],{"class":77},[59,21759,9299],{"class":81},[59,21761,1725],{"class":77},[59,21763,87],{"class":73},[59,21765,9306],{"class":178},[59,21767,766],{"class":73},[20,21769,21770,21771,2896,21773,358],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[354,21772,9160],{"href":13025},[354,21774,15025],{"href":21775},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[45,21777,362],{"id":361},[20,21779,5442],{},[50,21781,21783],{"className":52,"code":21782,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21784,21785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21786,21787,21789,21791,21793],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21788,11452],{"class":65},[59,21790,358],{"class":73},[59,21792,1297],{"class":142},[59,21794,8647],{"class":73},[20,21796,21797],{},"Things to remember:",[29,21799,21800,21805,21808],{},[32,21801,21802,21804],{},[15,21803,17078],{}," does not take any arguments",[32,21806,21807],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[32,21809,21810],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21812,239],{},[50,21814,21816],{"className":52,"code":21815,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21817,21818,21850,21854,21868,21872,21882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21819,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21821,5077],{"class":65},[59,21823,70],{"class":69},[59,21825,10491],{"class":73},[59,21827,78],{"class":77},[59,21829,5018],{"class":81},[59,21831,78],{"class":77},[59,21833,1002],{"class":73},[59,21835,19897],{"class":178},[59,21837,87],{"class":73},[59,21839,90],{"class":77},[59,21841,5027],{"class":81},[59,21843,78],{"class":77},[59,21845,1002],{"class":73},[59,21847,13506],{"class":178},[59,21849,9309],{"class":73},[59,21851,21852],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21853,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21855,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,21857,692],{"class":65},[59,21859,70],{"class":69},[59,21861,5124],{"class":65},[59,21863,358],{"class":73},[59,21865,1297],{"class":142},[59,21867,8647],{"class":73},[59,21869,21870],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,21871,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,21873,21874,21876,21878,21880],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,21875,715],{"class":135},[59,21877,139],{"class":73},[59,21879,720],{"class":142},[59,21881,165],{"class":73},[59,21883,21884,21886,21888,21890],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,21885,715],{"class":135},[59,21887,139],{"class":73},[59,21889,16389],{"class":142},[59,21891,165],{"class":73},[20,21893,21894],{},[549,21895,168],{},[50,21897,21899],{"className":52,"code":21898,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21900,21901,21934],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21902,21903,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21904,21905],{"class":142},"dict_items",[59,21907,9658],{"class":73},[59,21909,1725],{"class":77},[59,21911,5018],{"class":81},[59,21913,1725],{"class":77},[59,21915,87],{"class":73},[59,21917,19897],{"class":178},[59,21919,744],{"class":73},[59,21921,747],{"class":73},[59,21923,1725],{"class":77},[59,21925,5027],{"class":81},[59,21927,1725],{"class":77},[59,21929,87],{"class":73},[59,21931,13506],{"class":178},[59,21933,10680],{"class":73},[59,21935,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,21937,893],{"class":73},[59,21939,1725],{"class":77},[59,21941,5018],{"class":81},[59,21943,1725],{"class":77},[59,21945,1002],{"class":73},[59,21947,19897],{"class":178},[59,21949,87],{"class":73},[59,21951,1734],{"class":77},[59,21953,5027],{"class":81},[59,21955,1725],{"class":77},[59,21957,1002],{"class":73},[59,21959,13506],{"class":178},[59,21961,9309],{"class":73},[20,21963,20891],{},[45,21965,21967],{"id":21966},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21969,21970,21972,21973,21975],{},[15,21971,17078],{}," returns a ",[15,21974,21905],{}," view object.",[20,21977,2130],{},[29,21979,21980,21983,21986],{},[32,21981,21982],{},"You can loop over it",[32,21984,21985],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[32,21987,21988],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21990,239],{},[50,21992,21994],{"className":52,"code":21993,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21995,21996,22028,22042,22046,22060,22064,22083,22087],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,21997,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,21999,9170],{"class":65},[59,22001,70],{"class":69},[59,22003,10491],{"class":73},[59,22005,78],{"class":77},[59,22007,1260],{"class":81},[59,22009,78],{"class":77},[59,22011,1002],{"class":73},[59,22013,5506],{"class":178},[59,22015,87],{"class":73},[59,22017,90],{"class":77},[59,22019,1269],{"class":81},[59,22021,78],{"class":77},[59,22023,1002],{"class":73},[59,22025,3009],{"class":178},[59,22027,9309],{"class":73},[59,22029,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22031,9219],{"class":65},[59,22033,70],{"class":69},[59,22035,14566],{"class":65},[59,22037,358],{"class":73},[59,22039,1297],{"class":142},[59,22041,8647],{"class":73},[59,22043,22044],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22045,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22047,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22049,715],{"class":135},[59,22051,139],{"class":73},[59,22053,1651],{"class":697},[59,22055,139],{"class":73},[59,22057,9263],{"class":142},[59,22059,710],{"class":73},[59,22061,22062],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,22063,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22065,22066,22068,22070,22072,22075,22077,22079,22081],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,22067,9208],{"class":65},[59,22069,3914],{"class":73},[59,22071,78],{"class":77},[59,22073,22074],{"class":81},"z",[59,22076,78],{"class":77},[59,22078,13272],{"class":73},[59,22080,13275],{"class":69},[59,22082,2595],{"class":178},[59,22084,22085],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,22086,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22088,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,22090,715],{"class":135},[59,22092,139],{"class":73},[59,22094,1651],{"class":697},[59,22096,139],{"class":73},[59,22098,9263],{"class":142},[59,22100,710],{"class":73},[20,22102,22103],{},[549,22104,168],{},[50,22106,22108],{"className":52,"code":22107,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22109,22110,22140],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22111,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22113,734],{"class":73},[59,22115,1725],{"class":77},[59,22117,1260],{"class":81},[59,22119,1725],{"class":77},[59,22121,87],{"class":73},[59,22123,5506],{"class":178},[59,22125,744],{"class":73},[59,22127,747],{"class":73},[59,22129,1725],{"class":77},[59,22131,1269],{"class":81},[59,22133,1725],{"class":77},[59,22135,87],{"class":73},[59,22137,3009],{"class":178},[59,22139,766],{"class":73},[59,22141,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22143,734],{"class":73},[59,22145,1725],{"class":77},[59,22147,1260],{"class":81},[59,22149,1725],{"class":77},[59,22151,87],{"class":73},[59,22153,5506],{"class":178},[59,22155,744],{"class":73},[59,22157,747],{"class":73},[59,22159,1725],{"class":77},[59,22161,1269],{"class":81},[59,22163,1725],{"class":77},[59,22165,87],{"class":73},[59,22167,3009],{"class":178},[59,22169,744],{"class":73},[59,22171,747],{"class":73},[59,22173,1725],{"class":77},[59,22175,22074],{"class":81},[59,22177,1725],{"class":77},[59,22179,87],{"class":73},[59,22181,2469],{"class":178},[59,22183,766],{"class":73},[20,22185,22186,22187,22189],{},"This happens because ",[15,22188,9263],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[45,22191,22193,22194],{"id":22192},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22195,17078],{},[20,22197,22198,22199,1002],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22200,17078],{},[50,22202,22204],{"className":52,"code":22203,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22205,22206,22259,22263,22283],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22207,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22209,12866],{"class":65},[59,22211,70],{"class":69},[59,22213,10491],{"class":73},[59,22215,78],{"class":77},[59,22217,7676],{"class":81},[59,22219,78],{"class":77},[59,22221,1002],{"class":73},[59,22223,90],{"class":77},[59,22225,7927],{"class":81},[59,22227,78],{"class":77},[59,22229,87],{"class":73},[59,22231,90],{"class":77},[59,22233,19890],{"class":81},[59,22235,78],{"class":77},[59,22237,1002],{"class":73},[59,22239,90],{"class":77},[59,22241,22242],{"class":81},"A",[59,22244,78],{"class":77},[59,22246,87],{"class":73},[59,22248,90],{"class":77},[59,22250,9299],{"class":81},[59,22252,78],{"class":77},[59,22254,1002],{"class":73},[59,22256,13857],{"class":178},[59,22258,9309],{"class":73},[59,22260,22261],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22262,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22264,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22266,121],{"class":120},[59,22268,21578],{"class":65},[59,22270,87],{"class":73},[59,22272,1173],{"class":65},[59,22274,132],{"class":120},[59,22276,12908],{"class":65},[59,22278,358],{"class":73},[59,22280,1297],{"class":142},[59,22282,21593],{"class":73},[59,22284,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22286,152],{"class":135},[59,22288,139],{"class":73},[59,22290,888],{"class":887},[59,22292,78],{"class":81},[59,22294,893],{"class":178},[59,22296,14841],{"class":142},[59,22298,899],{"class":178},[59,22300,22301],{"class":81},": ",[59,22303,893],{"class":178},[59,22305,1217],{"class":142},[59,22307,899],{"class":178},[59,22309,78],{"class":81},[59,22311,165],{"class":73},[20,22313,22314],{},[549,22315,168],{},[50,22317,22319],{"className":52,"code":22318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22320,22321,22330,22339],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22322,22323,22325,22327],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22324,7676],{"class":65},[59,22326,1002],{"class":73},[59,22328,22329],{"class":65}," Mia\n",[59,22331,22332,22334,22336],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22333,19890],{"class":65},[59,22335,1002],{"class":73},[59,22337,22338],{"class":65}," A\n",[59,22340,22341,22343,22345],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22342,9299],{"class":65},[59,22344,1002],{"class":73},[59,22346,22347],{"class":178}," 14\n",[20,22349,22350],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[50,22352,22354],{"className":52,"code":22353,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22355,22356,22408,22412,22424],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22357,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22359,12866],{"class":65},[59,22361,70],{"class":69},[59,22363,10491],{"class":73},[59,22365,78],{"class":77},[59,22367,7676],{"class":81},[59,22369,78],{"class":77},[59,22371,1002],{"class":73},[59,22373,90],{"class":77},[59,22375,7927],{"class":81},[59,22377,78],{"class":77},[59,22379,87],{"class":73},[59,22381,90],{"class":77},[59,22383,19890],{"class":81},[59,22385,78],{"class":77},[59,22387,1002],{"class":73},[59,22389,90],{"class":77},[59,22391,22242],{"class":81},[59,22393,78],{"class":77},[59,22395,87],{"class":73},[59,22397,90],{"class":77},[59,22399,9299],{"class":81},[59,22401,78],{"class":77},[59,22403,1002],{"class":73},[59,22405,13857],{"class":178},[59,22407,9309],{"class":73},[59,22409,22410],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22411,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22413,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22415,121],{"class":120},[59,22417,18207],{"class":65},[59,22419,132],{"class":120},[59,22421,12908],{"class":65},[59,22423,1561],{"class":73},[59,22425,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22427,152],{"class":135},[59,22429,139],{"class":73},[59,22431,888],{"class":887},[59,22433,78],{"class":81},[59,22435,893],{"class":178},[59,22437,14841],{"class":142},[59,22439,899],{"class":178},[59,22441,22301],{"class":81},[59,22443,893],{"class":178},[59,22445,13625],{"class":142},[59,22447,3914],{"class":73},[59,22449,14841],{"class":142},[59,22451,13272],{"class":73},[59,22453,899],{"class":178},[59,22455,78],{"class":81},[59,22457,165],{"class":73},[20,22459,6517,22460,22463],{},[15,22461,22462],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22465,22466,22467,358],{},"For a full guide, see ",[354,22468,22470],{"href":22469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[45,22472,22474],{"id":22473},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22476,22477],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[50,22479,22481],{"className":52,"code":22480,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22482,22483,22542,22546,22565,22569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22484,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22520,22522,22524,22526,22529,22531,22533,22535,22538,22540],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22486,66],{"class":65},[59,22488,70],{"class":69},[59,22490,10491],{"class":73},[59,22492,78],{"class":77},[59,22494,588],{"class":81},[59,22496,78],{"class":77},[59,22498,1002],{"class":73},[59,22500,90],{"class":77},[59,22502,82],{"class":81},[59,22504,78],{"class":77},[59,22506,87],{"class":73},[59,22508,90],{"class":77},[59,22510,597],{"class":81},[59,22512,78],{"class":77},[59,22514,1002],{"class":73},[59,22516,90],{"class":77},[59,22518,22519],{"class":81},"yellow",[59,22521,78],{"class":77},[59,22523,87],{"class":73},[59,22525,90],{"class":77},[59,22527,22528],{"class":81},"grape",[59,22530,78],{"class":77},[59,22532,1002],{"class":73},[59,22534,90],{"class":77},[59,22536,22537],{"class":81},"purple",[59,22539,78],{"class":77},[59,22541,9309],{"class":73},[59,22543,22544],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22545,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22547,22548,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22549,22550],{"class":65},"pairs_list ",[59,22552,70],{"class":69},[59,22554,698],{"class":697},[59,22556,139],{"class":73},[59,22558,143],{"class":142},[59,22560,358],{"class":73},[59,22562,1297],{"class":142},[59,22564,7201],{"class":73},[59,22566,22567],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22568,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22570,22571,22573,22575,22578],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,22572,715],{"class":135},[59,22574,139],{"class":73},[59,22576,22577],{"class":142},"pairs_list",[59,22579,165],{"class":73},[20,22581,22582],{},[549,22583,168],{},[50,22585,22587],{"className":52,"code":22586,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22588,22589],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22590,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22592,734],{"class":73},[59,22594,1725],{"class":77},[59,22596,588],{"class":81},[59,22598,1725],{"class":77},[59,22600,87],{"class":73},[59,22602,1734],{"class":77},[59,22604,82],{"class":81},[59,22606,1725],{"class":77},[59,22608,744],{"class":73},[59,22610,747],{"class":73},[59,22612,1725],{"class":77},[59,22614,597],{"class":81},[59,22616,1725],{"class":77},[59,22618,87],{"class":73},[59,22620,1734],{"class":77},[59,22622,22519],{"class":81},[59,22624,1725],{"class":77},[59,22626,744],{"class":73},[59,22628,747],{"class":73},[59,22630,1725],{"class":77},[59,22632,22528],{"class":81},[59,22634,1725],{"class":77},[59,22636,87],{"class":73},[59,22638,1734],{"class":77},[59,22640,22537],{"class":81},[59,22642,1725],{"class":77},[59,22644,766],{"class":73},[20,22646,22647],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22649,22650],{},"Use this when:",[29,22652,22653,22656,22659],{},[32,22654,22655],{},"You want clearer printed output",[32,22657,22658],{},"You need list behavior",[32,22660,22661],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[45,22663,22665,10586,22667,10586,22669],{"id":22664},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22666,17078],{},[15,22668,17065],{},[15,22670,17071],{},[20,22672,22673],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[29,22675,22676,22681,22686],{},[32,22677,22678,22680],{},[15,22679,17078],{}," gives both key and value",[32,22682,22683,22685],{},[15,22684,17065],{}," gives only keys",[32,22687,22688,22690],{},[15,22689,17071],{}," gives only values",[20,22692,239],{},[50,22694,22696],{"className":52,"code":22695,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22697,22698,22734,22738,22756,22774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22699,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22701,13203],{"class":65},[59,22703,70],{"class":69},[59,22705,10491],{"class":73},[59,22707,78],{"class":77},[59,22709,7676],{"class":81},[59,22711,78],{"class":77},[59,22713,1002],{"class":73},[59,22715,90],{"class":77},[59,22717,258],{"class":81},[59,22719,78],{"class":77},[59,22721,87],{"class":73},[59,22723,90],{"class":77},[59,22725,9299],{"class":81},[59,22727,78],{"class":77},[59,22729,1002],{"class":73},[59,22731,9306],{"class":178},[59,22733,9309],{"class":73},[59,22735,22736],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22737,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22739,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22741,715],{"class":135},[59,22743,139],{"class":73},[59,22745,1651],{"class":697},[59,22747,139],{"class":73},[59,22749,17307],{"class":142},[59,22751,358],{"class":73},[59,22753,16924],{"class":142},[59,22755,6296],{"class":73},[59,22757,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22759,715],{"class":135},[59,22761,139],{"class":73},[59,22763,1651],{"class":697},[59,22765,139],{"class":73},[59,22767,17307],{"class":142},[59,22769,358],{"class":73},[59,22771,5366],{"class":142},[59,22773,6296],{"class":73},[59,22775,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,22777,715],{"class":135},[59,22779,139],{"class":73},[59,22781,1651],{"class":697},[59,22783,139],{"class":73},[59,22785,17307],{"class":142},[59,22787,358],{"class":73},[59,22789,1297],{"class":142},[59,22791,6296],{"class":73},[20,22793,22794],{},[549,22795,168],{},[50,22797,22799],{"className":52,"code":22798,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22800,22801,22821,22837],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22802,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22804,3914],{"class":73},[59,22806,1725],{"class":77},[59,22808,7676],{"class":81},[59,22810,1725],{"class":77},[59,22812,87],{"class":73},[59,22814,1734],{"class":77},[59,22816,9299],{"class":81},[59,22818,1725],{"class":77},[59,22820,107],{"class":73},[59,22822,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22824,3914],{"class":73},[59,22826,1725],{"class":77},[59,22828,258],{"class":81},[59,22830,1725],{"class":77},[59,22832,87],{"class":73},[59,22834,9306],{"class":178},[59,22836,107],{"class":73},[59,22838,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22840,734],{"class":73},[59,22842,1725],{"class":77},[59,22844,7676],{"class":81},[59,22846,1725],{"class":77},[59,22848,87],{"class":73},[59,22850,1734],{"class":77},[59,22852,258],{"class":81},[59,22854,1725],{"class":77},[59,22856,744],{"class":73},[59,22858,747],{"class":73},[59,22860,1725],{"class":77},[59,22862,9299],{"class":81},[59,22864,1725],{"class":77},[59,22866,87],{"class":73},[59,22868,9306],{"class":178},[59,22870,766],{"class":73},[20,22872,22873],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[29,22875,22876,22884,22892],{},[32,22877,22878,22879],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[354,22880,22882],{"href":22881},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22883,17065],{},[32,22885,22886,22887],{},"Need just values? Use ",[354,22888,22890],{"href":22889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22891,17071],{},[32,22893,22894,22895],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22896,17078],{},[45,22898,776,22900],{"id":22899},"when-to-use-items",[15,22901,17078],{},[20,22903,22904,22906],{},[15,22905,17078],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[29,22908,22909,22912,22915,22918,22921],{},[32,22910,22911],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[32,22913,22914],{},"Building formatted output",[32,22916,22917],{},"Looping through settings and values",[32,22919,22920],{},"Showing names with scores",[32,22922,22923],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22925,239],{},[50,22927,22929],{"className":52,"code":22928,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22930,22931,22939,22957,22976,22988,22992,22996,23017],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,22932,22933,22935,22937],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,22934,13825],{"class":65},[59,22936,70],{"class":69},[59,22938,11496],{"class":73},[59,22940,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,22942,11501],{"class":77},[59,22944,12497],{"class":81},[59,22946,78],{"class":77},[59,22948,1002],{"class":73},[59,22950,90],{"class":77},[59,22952,12506],{"class":81},[59,22954,78],{"class":77},[59,22956,11517],{"class":73},[59,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22972,22974],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,22960,11501],{"class":77},[59,22962,20122],{"class":81},[59,22964,78],{"class":77},[59,22966,1002],{"class":73},[59,22968,90],{"class":77},[59,22970,22971],{"class":81},"English",[59,22973,78],{"class":77},[59,22975,11517],{"class":73},[59,22977,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,22979,11501],{"class":77},[59,22981,18523],{"class":81},[59,22983,78],{"class":77},[59,22985,1002],{"class":73},[59,22987,6429],{"class":3867},[59,22989,22990],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,22991,9309],{"class":73},[59,22993,22994],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,22995,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,22997,22998,23000,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,22999,121],{"class":120},[59,23001,23002],{"class":65}," setting",[59,23004,87],{"class":73},[59,23006,1173],{"class":65},[59,23008,132],{"class":120},[59,23010,13869],{"class":65},[59,23012,358],{"class":73},[59,23014,1297],{"class":142},[59,23016,21593],{"class":73},[59,23018,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23032,23034,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,23020,152],{"class":135},[59,23022,139],{"class":73},[59,23024,888],{"class":887},[59,23026,78],{"class":81},[59,23028,893],{"class":178},[59,23030,23031],{"class":142},"setting",[59,23033,899],{"class":178},[59,23035,23036],{"class":81}," = ",[59,23038,893],{"class":178},[59,23040,1217],{"class":142},[59,23042,899],{"class":178},[59,23044,78],{"class":81},[59,23046,165],{"class":73},[20,23048,23049],{},[549,23050,168],{},[50,23052,23054],{"className":52,"code":23053,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23055,23056,23066,23076],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23057,23058,23061,23063],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23059,23060],{"class":65},"theme ",[59,23062,70],{"class":69},[59,23064,23065],{"class":65}," dark\n",[59,23067,23068,23071,23073],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23069,23070],{"class":65},"language ",[59,23072,70],{"class":69},[59,23074,23075],{"class":65}," English\n",[59,23077,23078,23081,23083],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23079,23080],{"class":65},"notifications ",[59,23082,70],{"class":69},[59,23084,6429],{"class":3867},[45,23086,1579],{"id":1578},[20,23088,23089,23090,358],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23091,17078],{},[1127,23093,1587,23095,23097],{"id":23094},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly",[15,23096,17078],{}," incorrectly",[20,23099,23100,23101,23103,23104,23107],{},"Each result from ",[15,23102,17078],{}," has ",[549,23105,23106],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23109,1241],{},[50,23111,23112],{"className":52,"code":21529,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,23113,23114,23150,23154,23174],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23115,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23117,13203],{"class":65},[59,23119,70],{"class":69},[59,23121,10491],{"class":73},[59,23123,78],{"class":77},[59,23125,7676],{"class":81},[59,23127,78],{"class":77},[59,23129,1002],{"class":73},[59,23131,90],{"class":77},[59,23133,258],{"class":81},[59,23135,78],{"class":77},[59,23137,87],{"class":73},[59,23139,90],{"class":77},[59,23141,9299],{"class":81},[59,23143,78],{"class":77},[59,23145,1002],{"class":73},[59,23147,9306],{"class":178},[59,23149,9309],{"class":73},[59,23151,23152],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23153,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23155,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23157,121],{"class":120},[59,23159,21578],{"class":65},[59,23161,87],{"class":73},[59,23163,1173],{"class":65},[59,23165,132],{"class":120},[59,23167,13246],{"class":65},[59,23169,358],{"class":73},[59,23171,1297],{"class":142},[59,23173,21593],{"class":73},[59,23175,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23177,152],{"class":135},[59,23179,139],{"class":73},[59,23181,14841],{"class":142},[59,23183,87],{"class":73},[59,23185,1196],{"class":142},[59,23187,165],{"class":73},[20,23189,23190],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[50,23192,23194],{"className":52,"code":23193,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23195,23196,23232,23236,23252],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23197,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23199,13203],{"class":65},[59,23201,70],{"class":69},[59,23203,10491],{"class":73},[59,23205,78],{"class":77},[59,23207,7676],{"class":81},[59,23209,78],{"class":77},[59,23211,1002],{"class":73},[59,23213,90],{"class":77},[59,23215,258],{"class":81},[59,23217,78],{"class":77},[59,23219,87],{"class":73},[59,23221,90],{"class":77},[59,23223,9299],{"class":81},[59,23225,78],{"class":77},[59,23227,1002],{"class":73},[59,23229,9306],{"class":178},[59,23231,9309],{"class":73},[59,23233,23234],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23235,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23237,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23239,121],{"class":120},[59,23241,18207],{"class":65},[59,23243,132],{"class":120},[59,23245,13246],{"class":65},[59,23247,358],{"class":73},[59,23249,1297],{"class":142},[59,23251,21593],{"class":73},[59,23253,23254,23256,23258,23260],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23255,152],{"class":135},[59,23257,139],{"class":73},[59,23259,14841],{"class":142},[59,23261,165],{"class":73},[20,23263,23264,23265,23267,23268,23271],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23266,14841],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23269,23270],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23273,23274],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[50,23276,23278],{"className":52,"code":23277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23279,23280,23296],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23283,121],{"class":120},[59,23285,1288],{"class":65},[59,23287,132],{"class":120},[59,23289,13246],{"class":65},[59,23291,358],{"class":73},[59,23293,1297],{"class":142},[59,23295,21593],{"class":73},[59,23297,23298,23300,23302,23305],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23299,152],{"class":135},[59,23301,139],{"class":73},[59,23303,23304],{"class":142},"item",[59,23306,165],{"class":73},[20,23308,23309],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[50,23311,23313],{"className":52,"code":23312,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23314,23315,23335],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23316,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23318,121],{"class":120},[59,23320,21578],{"class":65},[59,23322,87],{"class":73},[59,23324,1173],{"class":65},[59,23326,132],{"class":120},[59,23328,13246],{"class":65},[59,23330,358],{"class":73},[59,23332,1297],{"class":142},[59,23334,21593],{"class":73},[59,23336,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23338,152],{"class":135},[59,23340,139],{"class":73},[59,23342,14841],{"class":142},[59,23344,87],{"class":73},[59,23346,1196],{"class":142},[59,23348,165],{"class":73},[1127,23350,8456,23352,23354],{"id":23351},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23353,17078],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23356,23357,21972,23359,23361],{},[15,23358,17078],{},[15,23360,21905],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23363,23364],{},"Check it:",[50,23366,23368],{"className":52,"code":23367,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23369,23370,23402,23406,23420,23438],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23371,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23373,11727],{"class":65},[59,23375,70],{"class":69},[59,23377,10491],{"class":73},[59,23379,78],{"class":77},[59,23381,354],{"class":81},[59,23383,78],{"class":77},[59,23385,1002],{"class":73},[59,23387,5506],{"class":178},[59,23389,87],{"class":73},[59,23391,90],{"class":77},[59,23393,442],{"class":81},[59,23395,78],{"class":77},[59,23397,1002],{"class":73},[59,23399,3009],{"class":178},[59,23401,9309],{"class":73},[59,23403,23404],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23405,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23407,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23409,715],{"class":135},[59,23411,139],{"class":73},[59,23413,11452],{"class":142},[59,23415,358],{"class":73},[59,23417,1297],{"class":142},[59,23419,7201],{"class":73},[59,23421,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23423,715],{"class":135},[59,23425,139],{"class":73},[59,23427,3239],{"class":697},[59,23429,139],{"class":73},[59,23431,11452],{"class":142},[59,23433,358],{"class":73},[59,23435,1297],{"class":142},[59,23437,6296],{"class":73},[59,23439,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,23441,715],{"class":135},[59,23443,139],{"class":73},[59,23445,1651],{"class":697},[59,23447,139],{"class":73},[59,23449,11452],{"class":142},[59,23451,358],{"class":73},[59,23453,1297],{"class":142},[59,23455,6296],{"class":73},[20,23457,23458],{},[549,23459,168],{},[50,23461,23463],{"className":52,"code":23462,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23464,23465,23497,23511],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23466,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23468,21905],{"class":142},[59,23470,9658],{"class":73},[59,23472,1725],{"class":77},[59,23474,354],{"class":81},[59,23476,1725],{"class":77},[59,23478,87],{"class":73},[59,23480,5506],{"class":178},[59,23482,744],{"class":73},[59,23484,747],{"class":73},[59,23486,1725],{"class":77},[59,23488,442],{"class":81},[59,23490,1725],{"class":77},[59,23492,87],{"class":73},[59,23494,3009],{"class":178},[59,23496,10680],{"class":73},[59,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23500,1769],{"class":69},[59,23502,3310],{"class":887},[59,23504,1734],{"class":77},[59,23506,21905],{"class":81},[59,23508,1725],{"class":77},[59,23510,1788],{"class":69},[59,23512,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23514,734],{"class":73},[59,23516,1725],{"class":77},[59,23518,354],{"class":81},[59,23520,1725],{"class":77},[59,23522,87],{"class":73},[59,23524,5506],{"class":178},[59,23526,744],{"class":73},[59,23528,747],{"class":73},[59,23530,1725],{"class":77},[59,23532,442],{"class":81},[59,23534,1725],{"class":77},[59,23536,87],{"class":73},[59,23538,3009],{"class":178},[59,23540,766],{"class":73},[1127,23542,23544,23545],{"id":23543},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23546,17078],{},[20,23548,23549],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23551,23552],{},"Problem example:",[50,23554,23556],{"className":52,"code":23555,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23557,23558,23602,23606,23626,23638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23559,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23561,664],{"class":65},[59,23563,70],{"class":69},[59,23565,10491],{"class":73},[59,23567,78],{"class":77},[59,23569,354],{"class":81},[59,23571,78],{"class":77},[59,23573,1002],{"class":73},[59,23575,5506],{"class":178},[59,23577,87],{"class":73},[59,23579,90],{"class":77},[59,23581,442],{"class":81},[59,23583,78],{"class":77},[59,23585,1002],{"class":73},[59,23587,3009],{"class":178},[59,23589,87],{"class":73},[59,23591,90],{"class":77},[59,23593,451],{"class":81},[59,23595,78],{"class":77},[59,23597,1002],{"class":73},[59,23599,2469],{"class":178},[59,23601,9309],{"class":73},[59,23603,23604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23605,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23607,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23609,121],{"class":120},[59,23611,21578],{"class":65},[59,23613,87],{"class":73},[59,23615,1173],{"class":65},[59,23617,132],{"class":120},[59,23619,4277],{"class":65},[59,23621,358],{"class":73},[59,23623,1297],{"class":142},[59,23625,21593],{"class":73},[59,23627,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23629,6404],{"class":120},[59,23631,1173],{"class":65},[59,23633,4705],{"class":69},[59,23635,3009],{"class":178},[59,23637,1561],{"class":73},[59,23639,23640,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,23641,23642],{"class":65},"        numbers",[59,23644,3914],{"class":73},[59,23646,78],{"class":77},[59,23648,18766],{"class":81},[59,23650,78],{"class":77},[59,23652,13272],{"class":73},[59,23654,13275],{"class":69},[59,23656,23657],{"class":178}," 4\n",[20,23659,23660],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23662,23663],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[50,23665,23667],{"className":52,"code":23666,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23668,23669,23713,23717,23742,23754,23772,23776],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23672,664],{"class":65},[59,23674,70],{"class":69},[59,23676,10491],{"class":73},[59,23678,78],{"class":77},[59,23680,354],{"class":81},[59,23682,78],{"class":77},[59,23684,1002],{"class":73},[59,23686,5506],{"class":178},[59,23688,87],{"class":73},[59,23690,90],{"class":77},[59,23692,442],{"class":81},[59,23694,78],{"class":77},[59,23696,1002],{"class":73},[59,23698,3009],{"class":178},[59,23700,87],{"class":73},[59,23702,90],{"class":77},[59,23704,451],{"class":81},[59,23706,78],{"class":77},[59,23708,1002],{"class":73},[59,23710,2469],{"class":178},[59,23712,9309],{"class":73},[59,23714,23715],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23716,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23718,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23720,121],{"class":120},[59,23722,21578],{"class":65},[59,23724,87],{"class":73},[59,23726,1173],{"class":65},[59,23728,132],{"class":120},[59,23730,698],{"class":697},[59,23732,139],{"class":73},[59,23734,707],{"class":142},[59,23736,358],{"class":73},[59,23738,1297],{"class":142},[59,23740,23741],{"class":73},"()):\n",[59,23743,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23745,6404],{"class":120},[59,23747,1173],{"class":65},[59,23749,4705],{"class":69},[59,23751,3009],{"class":178},[59,23753,1561],{"class":73},[59,23755,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,23757,23642],{"class":65},[59,23759,3914],{"class":73},[59,23761,78],{"class":77},[59,23763,18766],{"class":81},[59,23765,78],{"class":77},[59,23767,13272],{"class":73},[59,23769,13275],{"class":69},[59,23771,23657],{"class":178},[59,23773,23774],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,23775,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23777,23778,23780,23782,23784],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,23779,715],{"class":135},[59,23781,139],{"class":73},[59,23783,707],{"class":142},[59,23785,165],{"class":73},[1127,23787,23789],{"id":23788},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23791,23792],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[50,23794,23796],{"className":52,"code":23795,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23797,23798,23830,23834,23850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23799,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23801,9170],{"class":65},[59,23803,70],{"class":69},[59,23805,10491],{"class":73},[59,23807,78],{"class":77},[59,23809,1260],{"class":81},[59,23811,78],{"class":77},[59,23813,1002],{"class":73},[59,23815,741],{"class":178},[59,23817,87],{"class":73},[59,23819,90],{"class":77},[59,23821,1269],{"class":81},[59,23823,78],{"class":77},[59,23825,1002],{"class":73},[59,23827,676],{"class":178},[59,23829,9309],{"class":73},[59,23831,23832],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23833,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,23835,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,23837,121],{"class":120},[59,23839,1288],{"class":65},[59,23841,132],{"class":120},[59,23843,14566],{"class":65},[59,23845,358],{"class":73},[59,23847,1297],{"class":142},[59,23849,21593],{"class":73},[59,23851,23852,23854,23856,23858],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,23853,152],{"class":135},[59,23855,139],{"class":73},[59,23857,23304],{"class":142},[59,23859,165],{"class":73},[20,23861,23862],{},[549,23863,168],{},[50,23865,23867],{"className":52,"code":23866,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23868,23869,23885],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23870,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23872,139],{"class":73},[59,23874,1725],{"class":77},[59,23876,1260],{"class":81},[59,23878,1725],{"class":77},[59,23880,87],{"class":73},[59,23882,741],{"class":178},[59,23884,165],{"class":73},[59,23886,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23888,139],{"class":73},[59,23890,1725],{"class":77},[59,23892,1269],{"class":81},[59,23894,1725],{"class":77},[59,23896,87],{"class":73},[59,23898,676],{"class":178},[59,23900,165],{"class":73},[20,23902,23903,23904,23906],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23905,21653],{}," pair.",[45,23908,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,23910,23912,23913,1875],{"id":23911},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23914,17078],{},[20,23916,17422,23917,23919],{},[15,23918,21905],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1127,23921,1882,23923,23925],{"id":23922},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23924,17078],{}," return a list?",[20,23927,23928,23929,23932],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23930,23931],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1127,23934,23936,23937,1905],{"id":23935},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23938,17078],{},[20,23940,23941],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[50,23943,23945],{"className":52,"code":23944,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23946,23947,23967],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,23948,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,23950,121],{"class":120},[59,23952,21578],{"class":65},[59,23954,87],{"class":73},[59,23956,1173],{"class":65},[59,23958,132],{"class":120},[59,23960,11768],{"class":65},[59,23962,358],{"class":73},[59,23964,1297],{"class":142},[59,23966,21593],{"class":73},[59,23968,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,23970,152],{"class":135},[59,23972,139],{"class":73},[59,23974,14841],{"class":142},[59,23976,87],{"class":73},[59,23978,1196],{"class":142},[59,23980,165],{"class":73},[1127,23982,1882,23984,23986],{"id":23983},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23985,17078],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23988,23989],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[45,23991,1927],{"id":1926},[29,23993,23994,24000,24006,24011,24015],{},[32,23995,23996],{},[354,23997,10738,23998,10742],{"href":22881},[15,23999,17065],{},[32,24001,24002],{},[354,24003,10738,24004,10742],{"href":22889},[15,24005,17071],{},[32,24007,24008],{},[354,24009,24010],{"href":22469},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,24012,24013],{},[354,24014,9160],{"href":13025},[32,24016,24017],{},[354,24018,24019],{"href":21775},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1953,24021,24022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":24024},[24025,24026,24028,24029,24030,24032,24033,24035,24037,24046,24056],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":21636,"depth":110,"text":24027},"What items() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":21966,"depth":110,"text":21967},{"id":22192,"depth":110,"text":24031},"Looping with items()",{"id":22473,"depth":110,"text":22474},{"id":22664,"depth":110,"text":24034},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22899,"depth":110,"text":24036},"When to use items()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":24038},[24039,24041,24043,24045],{"id":23094,"depth":117,"text":24040},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23351,"depth":117,"text":24042},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23543,"depth":117,"text":24044},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23788,"depth":117,"text":23789},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":24047},[24048,24050,24052,24054],{"id":23911,"depth":117,"text":24049},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23922,"depth":117,"text":24051},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23935,"depth":117,"text":24053},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23983,"depth":117,"text":24055},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21505,"description":24057},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24064,"title":24065,"body":24066,"description":26152,"extension":1988,"meta":26153,"navigation":113,"path":22881,"seo":26154,"stem":26155,"__hash__":26156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24067,"toc":26118},[24068,24073,24079,24082,24093,24100,24102,24185,24189,24236,24241,24246,24251,24253,24269,24271,24370,24374,24431,24434,24436,24439,24532,24536,24599,24602,24617,24622,24624,24626,24641,24643,24654,24656,24699,24702,24745,24748,24750,24757,24760,24777,24779,24872,24876,24917,24929,24933,24936,25024,25028,25048,25051,25078,25085,25090,25094,25105,25107,25211,25215,25241,25244,25311,25316,25319,25342,25347,25349,25353,25359,25364,25366,25421,25425,25452,25459,25465,25468,25493,25499,25525,25528,25603,25610,25615,25617,25656,25674,25678,25681,25724,25727,25729,25748,25750,25755,25780,25783,25853,25856,25929,25933,25935,25996,25999,26015,26017,26022,26027,26034,26043,26049,26055,26062,26068,26072,26077,26079,26115],[10,24069,11320,24071,11324],{"id":24070},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24072,17065],{},[20,24074,24075,24076,24078],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24077,17065],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24080,24081],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[29,24083,24084,24087,24090],{},[32,24085,24086],{},"view the available keys",[32,24088,24089],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[32,24091,24092],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24094,24095,24097,24098,358],{},[15,24096,17065],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24099,17014],{},[45,24101,48],{"id":47},[50,24103,24105],{"className":52,"code":24104,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24106,24107,24143,24157,24161,24171],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24108,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24110,12866],{"class":65},[59,24112,70],{"class":69},[59,24114,10491],{"class":73},[59,24116,78],{"class":77},[59,24118,7676],{"class":81},[59,24120,78],{"class":77},[59,24122,1002],{"class":73},[59,24124,90],{"class":77},[59,24126,258],{"class":81},[59,24128,78],{"class":77},[59,24130,87],{"class":73},[59,24132,90],{"class":77},[59,24134,9299],{"class":81},[59,24136,78],{"class":77},[59,24138,1002],{"class":73},[59,24140,676],{"class":178},[59,24142,9309],{"class":73},[59,24144,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24146,17242],{"class":65},[59,24148,70],{"class":69},[59,24150,12908],{"class":65},[59,24152,358],{"class":73},[59,24154,16924],{"class":142},[59,24156,8647],{"class":73},[59,24158,24159],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,24160,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24162,24163,24165,24167,24169],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,24164,715],{"class":135},[59,24166,139],{"class":73},[59,24168,16924],{"class":142},[59,24170,165],{"class":73},[59,24172,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,24174,715],{"class":135},[59,24176,139],{"class":73},[59,24178,1651],{"class":697},[59,24180,139],{"class":73},[59,24182,16924],{"class":142},[59,24184,710],{"class":73},[20,24186,24187],{},[549,24188,168],{},[50,24190,24192],{"className":52,"code":24191,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24193,24194,24216],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24195,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24197,17014],{"class":142},[59,24199,1629],{"class":73},[59,24201,1725],{"class":77},[59,24203,7676],{"class":81},[59,24205,1725],{"class":77},[59,24207,87],{"class":73},[59,24209,1734],{"class":77},[59,24211,9299],{"class":81},[59,24213,1725],{"class":77},[59,24215,3902],{"class":73},[59,24217,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24219,3914],{"class":73},[59,24221,1725],{"class":77},[59,24223,7676],{"class":81},[59,24225,1725],{"class":77},[59,24227,87],{"class":73},[59,24229,1734],{"class":77},[59,24231,9299],{"class":81},[59,24233,1725],{"class":77},[59,24235,107],{"class":73},[20,24237,201,24238,24240],{},[15,24239,17065],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[45,24242,208,24244,211],{"id":24243},"what-keys-does",[15,24245,17065],{},[20,24247,24248,24250],{},[15,24249,17065],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24252,11461],{},[29,24254,24255,24258,24261,24266],{},[32,24256,24257],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[32,24259,24260],{},"It does not need any arguments",[32,24262,17422,24263,24265],{},[15,24264,17014],{}," view object, not a list",[32,24267,24268],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24270,239],{},[50,24272,24274],{"className":52,"code":24273,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24275,24276,24312,24316,24330,24334,24356],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24277,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24279,13203],{"class":65},[59,24281,70],{"class":69},[59,24283,10491],{"class":73},[59,24285,78],{"class":77},[59,24287,7676],{"class":81},[59,24289,78],{"class":77},[59,24291,1002],{"class":73},[59,24293,90],{"class":77},[59,24295,13220],{"class":81},[59,24297,78],{"class":77},[59,24299,87],{"class":73},[59,24301,90],{"class":77},[59,24303,9299],{"class":81},[59,24305,78],{"class":77},[59,24307,1002],{"class":73},[59,24309,9306],{"class":178},[59,24311,9309],{"class":73},[59,24313,24314],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24315,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24317,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,24319,715],{"class":135},[59,24321,139],{"class":73},[59,24323,17307],{"class":142},[59,24325,358],{"class":73},[59,24327,16924],{"class":142},[59,24329,7201],{"class":73},[59,24331,24332],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,24333,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24335,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,24337,17307],{"class":65},[59,24339,3914],{"class":73},[59,24341,78],{"class":77},[59,24343,10409],{"class":81},[59,24345,78],{"class":77},[59,24347,13272],{"class":73},[59,24349,13275],{"class":69},[59,24351,90],{"class":77},[59,24353,10416],{"class":81},[59,24355,3374],{"class":77},[59,24357,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,24359,715],{"class":135},[59,24361,139],{"class":73},[59,24363,17307],{"class":142},[59,24365,358],{"class":73},[59,24367,16924],{"class":142},[59,24369,7201],{"class":73},[20,24371,24372],{},[549,24373,168],{},[50,24375,24377],{"className":52,"code":24376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24378,24379,24401],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24380,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24382,17014],{"class":142},[59,24384,1629],{"class":73},[59,24386,1725],{"class":77},[59,24388,7676],{"class":81},[59,24390,1725],{"class":77},[59,24392,87],{"class":73},[59,24394,1734],{"class":77},[59,24396,9299],{"class":81},[59,24398,1725],{"class":77},[59,24400,3902],{"class":73},[59,24402,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24404,17014],{"class":142},[59,24406,1629],{"class":73},[59,24408,1725],{"class":77},[59,24410,7676],{"class":81},[59,24412,1725],{"class":77},[59,24414,87],{"class":73},[59,24416,1734],{"class":77},[59,24418,9299],{"class":81},[59,24420,1725],{"class":77},[59,24422,87],{"class":73},[59,24424,1734],{"class":77},[59,24426,10409],{"class":81},[59,24428,1725],{"class":77},[59,24430,3902],{"class":73},[20,24432,24433],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[45,24435,5795],{"id":5794},[20,24437,24438],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[50,24440,24442],{"className":52,"code":24441,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24443,24444,24496,24500,24514],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24445,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24447,9170],{"class":65},[59,24449,70],{"class":69},[59,24451,10491],{"class":73},[59,24453,78],{"class":77},[59,24455,7676],{"class":81},[59,24457,78],{"class":77},[59,24459,1002],{"class":73},[59,24461,90],{"class":77},[59,24463,258],{"class":81},[59,24465,78],{"class":77},[59,24467,87],{"class":73},[59,24469,90],{"class":77},[59,24471,9299],{"class":81},[59,24473,78],{"class":77},[59,24475,1002],{"class":73},[59,24477,676],{"class":178},[59,24479,87],{"class":73},[59,24481,90],{"class":77},[59,24483,19890],{"class":81},[59,24485,78],{"class":77},[59,24487,1002],{"class":73},[59,24489,90],{"class":77},[59,24491,22242],{"class":81},[59,24493,78],{"class":77},[59,24495,9309],{"class":73},[59,24497,24498],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24499,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24501,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,24503,715],{"class":135},[59,24505,139],{"class":73},[59,24507,9208],{"class":142},[59,24509,358],{"class":73},[59,24511,16924],{"class":142},[59,24513,7201],{"class":73},[59,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,24517,715],{"class":135},[59,24519,139],{"class":73},[59,24521,1651],{"class":697},[59,24523,139],{"class":73},[59,24525,9208],{"class":142},[59,24527,358],{"class":73},[59,24529,16924],{"class":142},[59,24531,6296],{"class":73},[20,24533,24534],{},[549,24535,168],{},[50,24537,24539],{"className":52,"code":24538,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24540,24541,24571],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24542,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24544,17014],{"class":142},[59,24546,1629],{"class":73},[59,24548,1725],{"class":77},[59,24550,7676],{"class":81},[59,24552,1725],{"class":77},[59,24554,87],{"class":73},[59,24556,1734],{"class":77},[59,24558,9299],{"class":81},[59,24560,1725],{"class":77},[59,24562,87],{"class":73},[59,24564,1734],{"class":77},[59,24566,19890],{"class":81},[59,24568,1725],{"class":77},[59,24570,3902],{"class":73},[59,24572,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24574,3914],{"class":73},[59,24576,1725],{"class":77},[59,24578,7676],{"class":81},[59,24580,1725],{"class":77},[59,24582,87],{"class":73},[59,24584,1734],{"class":77},[59,24586,9299],{"class":81},[59,24588,1725],{"class":77},[59,24590,87],{"class":73},[59,24592,1734],{"class":77},[59,24594,19890],{"class":81},[59,24596,1725],{"class":77},[59,24598,107],{"class":73},[20,24600,24601],{},"This shows two things:",[29,24603,24604,24611],{},[32,24605,24606,21972,24609,1774],{},[15,24607,24608],{},"data.keys()",[15,24610,17014],{},[32,24612,24613,24616],{},[15,24614,24615],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24618,9156,24619,358],{},[354,24620,24621],{"href":9391},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[45,24623,5439],{"id":5438},[20,24625,365],{},[50,24627,24629],{"className":52,"code":24628,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24630,24631],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24632,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24634,11452],{"class":65},[59,24636,358],{"class":73},[59,24638,16924],{"class":142},[59,24640,8647],{"class":73},[20,24642,21797],{},[29,24644,24645,24648,24651],{},[32,24646,24647],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[32,24649,24650],{},"It takes no parameters",[32,24652,24653],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24655,16656],{},[50,24657,24659],{"className":52,"code":24658,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24660,24661,24685],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24662,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24664,12866],{"class":65},[59,24666,70],{"class":69},[59,24668,10491],{"class":73},[59,24670,78],{"class":77},[59,24672,7676],{"class":81},[59,24674,78],{"class":77},[59,24676,1002],{"class":73},[59,24678,90],{"class":77},[59,24680,258],{"class":81},[59,24682,78],{"class":77},[59,24684,9309],{"class":73},[59,24686,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24688,715],{"class":135},[59,24690,139],{"class":73},[59,24692,13625],{"class":142},[59,24694,358],{"class":73},[59,24696,16924],{"class":142},[59,24698,7201],{"class":73},[20,24700,24701],{},"Incorrect:",[50,24703,24705],{"className":52,"code":24704,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24706,24707,24731],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24708,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24710,12866],{"class":65},[59,24712,70],{"class":69},[59,24714,10491],{"class":73},[59,24716,78],{"class":77},[59,24718,7676],{"class":81},[59,24720,78],{"class":77},[59,24722,1002],{"class":73},[59,24724,90],{"class":77},[59,24726,258],{"class":81},[59,24728,78],{"class":77},[59,24730,9309],{"class":73},[59,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24734,715],{"class":135},[59,24736,139],{"class":73},[59,24738,13625],{"class":142},[59,24740,358],{"class":73},[59,24742,16924],{"class":929},[59,24744,165],{"class":73},[20,24746,24747],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[45,24749,17419],{"id":17418},[20,24751,24752,21972,24754,24756],{},[15,24753,17065],{},[15,24755,17014],{}," object.",[20,24758,24759],{},"This object:",[29,24761,24762,24765,24768,24774],{},[32,24763,24764],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[32,24766,24767],{},"can be used in a loop",[32,24769,24770,24771],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24772,24773],{},"list()",[32,24775,24776],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24778,239],{},[50,24780,24782],{"className":52,"code":24781,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24783,24784,24825,24829,24844,24848,24858],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24785,24786,24789,24791,24793,24795,24798,24800,24802,24804,24807,24809,24811,24813,24816,24818,24820,24823],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24787,24788],{"class":65},"car ",[59,24790,70],{"class":69},[59,24792,10491],{"class":73},[59,24794,78],{"class":77},[59,24796,24797],{"class":81},"brand",[59,24799,78],{"class":77},[59,24801,1002],{"class":73},[59,24803,90],{"class":77},[59,24805,24806],{"class":81},"Toyota",[59,24808,78],{"class":77},[59,24810,87],{"class":73},[59,24812,90],{"class":77},[59,24814,24815],{"class":81},"year",[59,24817,78],{"class":77},[59,24819,1002],{"class":73},[59,24821,24822],{"class":178}," 2020",[59,24824,9309],{"class":73},[59,24826,24827],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24828,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24830,24831,24833,24835,24838,24840,24842],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,24832,692],{"class":65},[59,24834,70],{"class":69},[59,24836,24837],{"class":65}," car",[59,24839,358],{"class":73},[59,24841,16924],{"class":142},[59,24843,8647],{"class":73},[59,24845,24846],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,24847,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24849,24850,24852,24854,24856],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,24851,715],{"class":135},[59,24853,139],{"class":73},[59,24855,720],{"class":142},[59,24857,165],{"class":73},[59,24859,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,24861,715],{"class":135},[59,24863,139],{"class":73},[59,24865,3239],{"class":697},[59,24867,139],{"class":73},[59,24869,720],{"class":142},[59,24871,710],{"class":73},[20,24873,24874],{},[549,24875,168],{},[50,24877,24879],{"className":52,"code":24878,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24880,24881,24903],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24882,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24884,17014],{"class":142},[59,24886,1629],{"class":73},[59,24888,1725],{"class":77},[59,24890,24797],{"class":81},[59,24892,1725],{"class":77},[59,24894,87],{"class":73},[59,24896,1734],{"class":77},[59,24898,24815],{"class":81},[59,24900,1725],{"class":77},[59,24902,3902],{"class":73},[59,24904,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24906,1769],{"class":69},[59,24908,3310],{"class":887},[59,24910,1734],{"class":77},[59,24912,17014],{"class":81},[59,24914,1725],{"class":77},[59,24916,1788],{"class":69},[20,24918,24919,24920,24924,24925,358],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[354,24921,10738,24922,10742],{"href":17068},[15,24923,17071],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[354,24926,10738,24927,10742],{"href":17075},[15,24928,17078],{},[45,24930,24932],{"id":24931},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24934,24935],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[50,24937,24939],{"className":52,"code":24938,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24940,24941,24994,24998,25014],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,24942,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24990,24992],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,24944,12866],{"class":65},[59,24946,70],{"class":69},[59,24948,10491],{"class":73},[59,24950,78],{"class":77},[59,24952,7676],{"class":81},[59,24954,78],{"class":77},[59,24956,1002],{"class":73},[59,24958,90],{"class":77},[59,24960,258],{"class":81},[59,24962,78],{"class":77},[59,24964,87],{"class":73},[59,24966,90],{"class":77},[59,24968,9299],{"class":81},[59,24970,78],{"class":77},[59,24972,1002],{"class":73},[59,24974,676],{"class":178},[59,24976,87],{"class":73},[59,24978,90],{"class":77},[59,24980,15329],{"class":81},[59,24982,78],{"class":77},[59,24984,1002],{"class":73},[59,24986,90],{"class":77},[59,24988,24989],{"class":81},"Math",[59,24991,78],{"class":77},[59,24993,9309],{"class":73},[59,24995,24996],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,24997,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,24999,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25001,121],{"class":120},[59,25003,18207],{"class":65},[59,25005,132],{"class":120},[59,25007,12908],{"class":65},[59,25009,358],{"class":73},[59,25011,16924],{"class":142},[59,25013,21593],{"class":73},[59,25015,25016,25018,25020,25022],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25017,152],{"class":135},[59,25019,139],{"class":73},[59,25021,14841],{"class":142},[59,25023,165],{"class":73},[20,25025,25026],{},[549,25027,168],{},[50,25029,25031],{"className":52,"code":25030,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25032,25033,25038,25043],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25034,25035],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25036,25037],{"class":65},"name\n",[59,25039,25040],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25041,25042],{"class":65},"age\n",[59,25044,25045],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25046,25047],{"class":65},"course\n",[20,25049,25050],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[50,25052,25054],{"className":52,"code":25053,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25055,25056,25068],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25059,121],{"class":120},[59,25061,18207],{"class":65},[59,25063,132],{"class":120},[59,25065,12908],{"class":65},[59,25067,1561],{"class":73},[59,25069,25070,25072,25074,25076],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25071,152],{"class":135},[59,25073,139],{"class":73},[59,25075,14841],{"class":142},[59,25077,165],{"class":73},[20,25079,25080,25081,25084],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25082,25083],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[45,25086,776,25088],{"id":25087},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25089,17065],{},[20,25091,201,25092,10602],{},[15,25093,17065],{},[29,25095,25096,25099,25102],{},[32,25097,25098],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[32,25100,25101],{},"you want to display available fields",[32,25103,25104],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25106,239],{},[50,25108,25110],{"className":52,"code":25109,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25111,25112,25165,25169,25184,25201],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25113,25114,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25134,25136,25138,25140,25143,25145,25147,25150,25152,25154,25157,25159,25161,25163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25115,25116],{"class":65},"product ",[59,25118,70],{"class":69},[59,25120,10491],{"class":73},[59,25122,78],{"class":77},[59,25124,7676],{"class":81},[59,25126,78],{"class":77},[59,25128,1002],{"class":73},[59,25130,90],{"class":77},[59,25132,25133],{"class":81},"Book",[59,25135,78],{"class":77},[59,25137,87],{"class":73},[59,25139,90],{"class":77},[59,25141,25142],{"class":81},"price",[59,25144,78],{"class":77},[59,25146,1002],{"class":73},[59,25148,25149],{"class":178}," 12.99",[59,25151,87],{"class":73},[59,25153,90],{"class":77},[59,25155,25156],{"class":81},"stock",[59,25158,78],{"class":77},[59,25160,1002],{"class":73},[59,25162,4621],{"class":178},[59,25164,9309],{"class":73},[59,25166,25167],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25168,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,25170,25171,25173,25175,25177,25180,25182],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25172,715],{"class":135},[59,25174,139],{"class":73},[59,25176,78],{"class":77},[59,25178,25179],{"class":81},"Available fields:",[59,25181,78],{"class":77},[59,25183,165],{"class":73},[59,25185,25186,25188,25190,25192,25195,25197,25199],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25187,121],{"class":120},[59,25189,18207],{"class":65},[59,25191,132],{"class":120},[59,25193,25194],{"class":65}," product",[59,25196,358],{"class":73},[59,25198,16924],{"class":142},[59,25200,21593],{"class":73},[59,25202,25203,25205,25207,25209],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,25204,152],{"class":135},[59,25206,139],{"class":73},[59,25208,14841],{"class":142},[59,25210,165],{"class":73},[20,25212,25213],{},[549,25214,168],{},[50,25216,25218],{"className":52,"code":25217,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25219,25220,25227,25231,25236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25221,25222,25225],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25223,25224],{"class":65},"Available fields",[59,25226,1561],{"class":73},[59,25228,25229],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25230,25037],{"class":65},[59,25232,25233],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25234,25235],{"class":65},"price\n",[59,25237,25238],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25239,25240],{"class":65},"stock\n",[20,25242,25243],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[50,25245,25247],{"className":52,"code":25246,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25248,25249,25285,25289],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25250,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25252,25116],{"class":65},[59,25254,70],{"class":69},[59,25256,10491],{"class":73},[59,25258,78],{"class":77},[59,25260,7676],{"class":81},[59,25262,78],{"class":77},[59,25264,1002],{"class":73},[59,25266,90],{"class":77},[59,25268,25133],{"class":81},[59,25270,78],{"class":77},[59,25272,87],{"class":73},[59,25274,90],{"class":77},[59,25276,25142],{"class":81},[59,25278,78],{"class":77},[59,25280,1002],{"class":73},[59,25282,25149],{"class":178},[59,25284,9309],{"class":73},[59,25286,25287],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25288,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,25290,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25292,715],{"class":135},[59,25294,139],{"class":73},[59,25296,78],{"class":77},[59,25298,7676],{"class":81},[59,25300,78],{"class":77},[59,25302,21173],{"class":120},[59,25304,25194],{"class":142},[59,25306,358],{"class":73},[59,25308,16924],{"class":142},[59,25310,7201],{"class":73},[20,25312,25313,25314,358],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25315,3619],{},[20,25317,25318],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[50,25320,25322],{"className":52,"code":25321,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25323,25324],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25325,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25327,715],{"class":135},[59,25329,139],{"class":73},[59,25331,78],{"class":77},[59,25333,7676],{"class":81},[59,25335,78],{"class":77},[59,25337,21173],{"class":120},[59,25339,25194],{"class":142},[59,25341,165],{"class":73},[20,25343,25344,25345,358],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[354,25346,21206],{"href":17153},[45,25348,1120],{"id":1119},[20,25350,1123,25351,358],{},[15,25352,17065],{},[1127,25354,8456,25356,25358],{"id":25355},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25357,17065],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25360,25361,25363],{},[15,25362,17065],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25365,239],{},[50,25367,25369],{"className":52,"code":25368,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25370,25371,25407],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25372,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25374,9170],{"class":65},[59,25376,70],{"class":69},[59,25378,10491],{"class":73},[59,25380,78],{"class":77},[59,25382,7676],{"class":81},[59,25384,78],{"class":77},[59,25386,1002],{"class":73},[59,25388,90],{"class":77},[59,25390,258],{"class":81},[59,25392,78],{"class":77},[59,25394,87],{"class":73},[59,25396,90],{"class":77},[59,25398,9299],{"class":81},[59,25400,78],{"class":77},[59,25402,1002],{"class":73},[59,25404,676],{"class":178},[59,25406,9309],{"class":73},[59,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25410,715],{"class":135},[59,25412,139],{"class":73},[59,25414,9208],{"class":142},[59,25416,358],{"class":73},[59,25418,16924],{"class":142},[59,25420,7201],{"class":73},[20,25422,25423],{},[549,25424,168],{},[50,25426,25428],{"className":52,"code":25427,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25429,25430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25431,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25433,17014],{"class":142},[59,25435,1629],{"class":73},[59,25437,1725],{"class":77},[59,25439,7676],{"class":81},[59,25441,1725],{"class":77},[59,25443,87],{"class":73},[59,25445,1734],{"class":77},[59,25447,9299],{"class":81},[59,25449,1725],{"class":77},[59,25451,3902],{"class":73},[20,25453,25454,25455,358],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[354,25456,25457],{"href":17075},[15,25458,17078],{},[1127,25460,25462,25463],{"id":25461},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25464,17014],{},[20,25466,25467],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[50,25469,25471],{"className":52,"code":25470,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25472,25473],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25474,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25476,3914],{"class":73},[59,25478,1725],{"class":77},[59,25480,7676],{"class":81},[59,25482,1725],{"class":77},[59,25484,87],{"class":73},[59,25486,1734],{"class":77},[59,25488,9299],{"class":81},[59,25490,1725],{"class":77},[59,25492,107],{"class":73},[20,25494,25495,25496,25498],{},"But ",[15,25497,17065],{}," returns:",[50,25500,25501],{"className":52,"code":25427,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,25502,25503],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25504,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25506,17014],{"class":142},[59,25508,1629],{"class":73},[59,25510,1725],{"class":77},[59,25512,7676],{"class":81},[59,25514,1725],{"class":77},[59,25516,87],{"class":73},[59,25518,1734],{"class":77},[59,25520,9299],{"class":81},[59,25522,1725],{"class":77},[59,25524,3902],{"class":73},[20,25526,25527],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[50,25529,25531],{"className":52,"code":25530,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25532,25533,25569,25588,25592],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25534,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25536,9170],{"class":65},[59,25538,70],{"class":69},[59,25540,10491],{"class":73},[59,25542,78],{"class":77},[59,25544,7676],{"class":81},[59,25546,78],{"class":77},[59,25548,1002],{"class":73},[59,25550,90],{"class":77},[59,25552,258],{"class":81},[59,25554,78],{"class":77},[59,25556,87],{"class":73},[59,25558,90],{"class":77},[59,25560,9299],{"class":81},[59,25562,78],{"class":77},[59,25564,1002],{"class":73},[59,25566,676],{"class":178},[59,25568,9309],{"class":73},[59,25570,25571,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25572,25573],{"class":65},"key_list ",[59,25575,70],{"class":69},[59,25577,698],{"class":697},[59,25579,139],{"class":73},[59,25581,9208],{"class":142},[59,25583,358],{"class":73},[59,25585,16924],{"class":142},[59,25587,7201],{"class":73},[59,25589,25590],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25591,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,25593,25594,25596,25598,25601],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25595,715],{"class":135},[59,25597,139],{"class":73},[59,25599,25600],{"class":142},"key_list",[59,25602,165],{"class":73},[1127,25604,25606,25607,25609],{"id":25605},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25608,17065],{}," on a list or string",[20,25611,25612,25614],{},[15,25613,17065],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25616,2854],{},[50,25618,25620],{"className":52,"code":25619,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25621,25622,25642],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25623,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25625,664],{"class":65},[59,25627,70],{"class":69},[59,25629,74],{"class":73},[59,25631,187],{"class":178},[59,25633,87],{"class":73},[59,25635,3009],{"class":178},[59,25637,87],{"class":73},[59,25639,2469],{"class":178},[59,25641,107],{"class":73},[59,25643,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25645,715],{"class":135},[59,25647,139],{"class":73},[59,25649,707],{"class":142},[59,25651,358],{"class":73},[59,25653,16924],{"class":142},[59,25655,7201],{"class":73},[20,25657,25658,25659,25662,25663,25665,25666,358],{},"You may get an ",[15,25660,25661],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25664,17065],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[354,25667,25669,25670,25673],{"href":25668},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25671,25672],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1127,25675,25677],{"id":25676},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25679,25680],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[50,25682,25684],{"className":52,"code":25683,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25685,25686,25710],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25689,9170],{"class":65},[59,25691,70],{"class":69},[59,25693,10491],{"class":73},[59,25695,78],{"class":77},[59,25697,7676],{"class":81},[59,25699,78],{"class":77},[59,25701,1002],{"class":73},[59,25703,90],{"class":77},[59,25705,258],{"class":81},[59,25707,78],{"class":77},[59,25709,9309],{"class":73},[59,25711,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25713,715],{"class":135},[59,25715,139],{"class":73},[59,25717,9208],{"class":142},[59,25719,358],{"class":73},[59,25721,16924],{"class":929},[59,25723,165],{"class":73},[20,25725,25726],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25728,18693],{},[50,25730,25732],{"className":52,"code":25731,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25733,25734],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25735,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25737,715],{"class":135},[59,25739,139],{"class":73},[59,25741,9208],{"class":142},[59,25743,358],{"class":73},[59,25745,16924],{"class":142},[59,25747,7201],{"class":73},[45,25749,1579],{"id":1578},[20,25751,25752,25753,1002],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25754,17065],{},[29,25756,25757,25762,25768,25774],{},[32,25758,1599,25759,25761],{},[15,25760,17065],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[32,25763,25764,25765,25767],{},"Thinking ",[15,25766,17065],{}," returns values too",[32,25769,25770,25771,25773],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25772,17014],{}," like a normal list",[32,25775,25776,25777,25779],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25778,17014],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25781,25782],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[50,25784,25786],{"className":52,"code":25785,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25787,25788,25820,25834,25838,25848],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25791,9170],{"class":65},[59,25793,70],{"class":69},[59,25795,10491],{"class":73},[59,25797,78],{"class":77},[59,25799,354],{"class":81},[59,25801,78],{"class":77},[59,25803,1002],{"class":73},[59,25805,5506],{"class":178},[59,25807,87],{"class":73},[59,25809,90],{"class":77},[59,25811,442],{"class":81},[59,25813,78],{"class":77},[59,25815,1002],{"class":73},[59,25817,3009],{"class":178},[59,25819,9309],{"class":73},[59,25821,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25823,17242],{"class":65},[59,25825,70],{"class":69},[59,25827,14566],{"class":65},[59,25829,358],{"class":73},[59,25831,16924],{"class":142},[59,25833,8647],{"class":73},[59,25835,25836],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25837,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,25839,25840,25842,25844,25846],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25841,715],{"class":135},[59,25843,139],{"class":73},[59,25845,16924],{"class":142},[59,25847,165],{"class":73},[59,25849,25850],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,25851,25852],{"class":3678},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25854,25855],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[50,25857,25859],{"className":52,"code":25858,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25860,25861,25893,25911,25915],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25862,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25864,9170],{"class":65},[59,25866,70],{"class":69},[59,25868,10491],{"class":73},[59,25870,78],{"class":77},[59,25872,354],{"class":81},[59,25874,78],{"class":77},[59,25876,1002],{"class":73},[59,25878,5506],{"class":178},[59,25880,87],{"class":73},[59,25882,90],{"class":77},[59,25884,442],{"class":81},[59,25886,78],{"class":77},[59,25888,1002],{"class":73},[59,25890,3009],{"class":178},[59,25892,9309],{"class":73},[59,25894,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25896,17242],{"class":65},[59,25898,70],{"class":69},[59,25900,698],{"class":697},[59,25902,139],{"class":73},[59,25904,9208],{"class":142},[59,25906,358],{"class":73},[59,25908,16924],{"class":142},[59,25910,7201],{"class":73},[59,25912,25913],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25914,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,25916,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25918,715],{"class":135},[59,25920,139],{"class":73},[59,25922,16924],{"class":142},[59,25924,3914],{"class":73},[59,25926,179],{"class":178},[59,25928,3902],{"class":73},[45,25930,25932],{"id":25931},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25934,11114],{},[50,25936,25938],{"className":52,"code":25937,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25939,25940,25954,25964,25978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,25941,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,25943,715],{"class":135},[59,25945,139],{"class":73},[59,25947,3239],{"class":697},[59,25949,139],{"class":73},[59,25951,11452],{"class":142},[59,25953,710],{"class":73},[59,25955,25956,25958,25960,25962],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,25957,715],{"class":135},[59,25959,139],{"class":73},[59,25961,11452],{"class":142},[59,25963,165],{"class":73},[59,25965,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,25967,715],{"class":135},[59,25969,139],{"class":73},[59,25971,11452],{"class":142},[59,25973,358],{"class":73},[59,25975,16924],{"class":142},[59,25977,7201],{"class":73},[59,25979,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,25981,715],{"class":135},[59,25983,139],{"class":73},[59,25985,1651],{"class":697},[59,25987,139],{"class":73},[59,25989,11452],{"class":142},[59,25991,358],{"class":73},[59,25993,16924],{"class":142},[59,25995,6296],{"class":73},[20,25997,25998],{},"These help you confirm:",[29,26000,26001,26004,26007,26012],{},[32,26002,26003],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[32,26005,26006],{},"what data it contains",[32,26008,26009,26010,542],{},"what ",[15,26011,17065],{},[32,26013,26014],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[45,26016,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,26018,23912,26020,1875],{"id":26019},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26021,17065],{},[20,26023,17422,26024,26026],{},[15,26025,17014],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1127,26028,14903,26030,26033],{"id":26029},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26031,26032],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26035,26036,26037,26039,26040,358],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26038,17014],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26041,26042],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1127,26044,26046,26047,1905],{"id":26045},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26048,26032],{},[20,26050,26051,26052,26054],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26053,121],{}," loop.",[1127,26056,26058,26059,26061],{"id":26057},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26060,17065],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26063,26064,26065,26067],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26066,17065],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1127,26069,26071],{"id":26070},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26073,201,26074,358],{},[15,26075,26076],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[45,26078,1927],{"id":1926},[29,26080,26081,26086,26092,26098,26104,26108],{},[32,26082,26083],{},[354,26084,26085],{"href":9391},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[32,26087,26088],{},[354,26089,10738,26090,10742],{"href":17068},[15,26091,17071],{},[32,26093,26094],{},[354,26095,10738,26096,10742],{"href":17075},[15,26097,17078],{},[32,26099,26100],{},[354,26101,26103],{"href":26102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[32,26105,26106],{},[354,26107,17154],{"href":17153},[32,26109,26110],{},[354,26111,26112,26113,25673],{"href":25668},"How to fix ",[15,26114,25672],{},[1953,26116,26117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":26119},[26120,26121,26123,26124,26125,26126,26127,26129,26138,26139,26140,26151],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":24243,"depth":110,"text":26122},"What keys() does",{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":24931,"depth":110,"text":24932},{"id":25087,"depth":110,"text":26128},"When to use keys()",{"id":1119,"depth":110,"text":1120,"children":26130},[26131,26133,26135,26137],{"id":25355,"depth":117,"text":26132},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25461,"depth":117,"text":26134},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25605,"depth":117,"text":26136},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25676,"depth":117,"text":25677},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":25931,"depth":110,"text":25932},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":26141},[26142,26144,26146,26148,26150],{"id":26019,"depth":117,"text":26143},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26029,"depth":117,"text":26145},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26045,"depth":117,"text":26147},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26057,"depth":117,"text":26149},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26070,"depth":117,"text":26071},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24065,"description":26152},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26158,"title":26159,"body":26160,"description":28432,"extension":1988,"meta":28433,"navigation":113,"path":28434,"seo":28435,"stem":28436,"__hash__":28437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26161,"toc":28385},[26162,26167,26172,26175,26177,26323,26336,26341,26345,26359,26361,26464,26473,26475,26478,26516,26541,26543,26650,26652,26659,26662,26670,26672,26813,26821,26826,26830,26841,26843,27005,27008,27016,27023,27029,27126,27132,27209,27212,27224,27229,27235,27238,27242,27331,27334,27338,27442,27449,27536,27545,27547,27552,27558,27561,27607,27610,27676,27685,27691,27784,27790,27796,27839,27842,27907,27913,28005,28008,28012,28018,28043,28046,28142,28149,28151,28156,28247,28249,28277,28282,28284,28291,28294,28298,28307,28312,28315,28322,28332,28339,28347,28349,28382],[10,26163,11320,26165,11324],{"id":26164},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26166,12765],{},[20,26168,26169,26171],{},[15,26170,12572],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26173,26174],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[45,26176,3624],{"id":3623},[50,26178,26180],{"className":52,"code":26179,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26181,26182,26218,26242,26256,26269,26273,26278,26310],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26183,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26185,13203],{"class":65},[59,26187,70],{"class":69},[59,26189,10491],{"class":73},[59,26191,78],{"class":77},[59,26193,7676],{"class":81},[59,26195,78],{"class":77},[59,26197,1002],{"class":73},[59,26199,90],{"class":77},[59,26201,258],{"class":81},[59,26203,78],{"class":77},[59,26205,87],{"class":73},[59,26207,90],{"class":77},[59,26209,9299],{"class":81},[59,26211,78],{"class":77},[59,26213,1002],{"class":73},[59,26215,9306],{"class":178},[59,26217,9309],{"class":73},[59,26219,26220,26223,26225,26227,26229,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26221,26222],{"class":65},"removed_age ",[59,26224,70],{"class":69},[59,26226,13246],{"class":65},[59,26228,358],{"class":73},[59,26230,26231],{"class":142},"pop",[59,26233,139],{"class":73},[59,26235,78],{"class":77},[59,26237,9299],{"class":81},[59,26239,78],{"class":77},[59,26241,165],{"class":73},[59,26243,26244,26246,26248,26251,26253],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,26245,715],{"class":135},[59,26247,139],{"class":73},[59,26249,26250],{"class":142},"removed_age",[59,26252,3675],{"class":73},[59,26254,26255],{"class":3678},"   # 25\n",[59,26257,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,26259,715],{"class":135},[59,26261,139],{"class":73},[59,26263,17307],{"class":142},[59,26265,3675],{"class":73},[59,26267,26268],{"class":3678},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[59,26270,26271],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,26272,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26274,26275],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,26276,26277],{"class":3678},"# Safe version with default value\n",[59,26279,26280,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26306,26308],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,26281,26282],{"class":65},"country ",[59,26284,70],{"class":69},[59,26286,13246],{"class":65},[59,26288,358],{"class":73},[59,26290,26231],{"class":142},[59,26292,139],{"class":73},[59,26294,78],{"class":77},[59,26296,15262],{"class":81},[59,26298,78],{"class":77},[59,26300,87],{"class":73},[59,26302,90],{"class":77},[59,26304,26305],{"class":81},"Not found",[59,26307,78],{"class":77},[59,26309,165],{"class":73},[59,26311,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,26313,715],{"class":135},[59,26315,139],{"class":73},[59,26317,15262],{"class":142},[59,26319,3675],{"class":73},[59,26321,26322],{"class":3678},"       # Not found\n",[20,26324,201,26325,26328,26329,26332,26333,26335],{},[15,26326,26327],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26330,26331],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26334,19686],{}," when the key might not exist.",[45,26337,208,26339,211],{"id":26338},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26340,12572],{},[20,26342,26343,1002],{},[15,26344,12572],{},[29,26346,26347,26350,26353,26356],{},[32,26348,26349],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[32,26351,26352],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[32,26354,26355],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[32,26357,26358],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26360,239],{},[50,26362,26364],{"className":52,"code":26363,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26365,26366,26406,26410,26433,26437,26451],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26367,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26369,11491],{"class":65},[59,26371,70],{"class":69},[59,26373,10491],{"class":73},[59,26375,78],{"class":77},[59,26377,7676],{"class":81},[59,26379,78],{"class":77},[59,26381,1002],{"class":73},[59,26383,90],{"class":77},[59,26385,13220],{"class":81},[59,26387,78],{"class":77},[59,26389,87],{"class":73},[59,26391,90],{"class":77},[59,26393,10409],{"class":81},[59,26395,78],{"class":77},[59,26397,1002],{"class":73},[59,26399,90],{"class":77},[59,26401,10416],{"class":81},[59,26403,78],{"class":77},[59,26405,9309],{"class":73},[59,26407,26408],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26409,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26411,26412,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,26413,26414],{"class":65},"removed_city ",[59,26416,70],{"class":69},[59,26418,11574],{"class":65},[59,26420,358],{"class":73},[59,26422,26231],{"class":142},[59,26424,139],{"class":73},[59,26426,78],{"class":77},[59,26428,10409],{"class":81},[59,26430,78],{"class":77},[59,26432,165],{"class":73},[59,26434,26435],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,26436,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26438,26439,26441,26443,26446,26448],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,26440,715],{"class":135},[59,26442,139],{"class":73},[59,26444,26445],{"class":142},"removed_city",[59,26447,3675],{"class":73},[59,26449,26450],{"class":3678},"  # Paris\n",[59,26452,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,26454,715],{"class":135},[59,26456,139],{"class":73},[59,26458,11585],{"class":142},[59,26460,3675],{"class":73},[59,26462,26463],{"class":3678},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26465,20770,26466,26469,26470,358],{},[15,26467,26468],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26471,26472],{},"\"Paris\"",[45,26474,362],{"id":361},[20,26476,26477],{},"There are two common forms:",[50,26479,26481],{"className":52,"code":26480,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26482,26483,26497],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26484,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26486,11452],{"class":65},[59,26488,358],{"class":73},[59,26490,26231],{"class":142},[59,26492,139],{"class":73},[59,26494,14841],{"class":142},[59,26496,165],{"class":73},[59,26498,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26514],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26500,11452],{"class":65},[59,26502,358],{"class":73},[59,26504,26231],{"class":142},[59,26506,139],{"class":73},[59,26508,14841],{"class":142},[59,26510,87],{"class":73},[59,26512,26513],{"class":142}," default",[59,26515,165],{"class":73},[29,26517,26518,26524,26532,26538],{},[32,26519,26520,26523],{},[15,26521,26522],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[32,26525,26526,26528,26529,26531],{},[15,26527,26522],{}," raises ",[15,26530,19686],{}," if the key is missing",[32,26533,26534,26537],{},[15,26535,26536],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[32,26539,26540],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26542,239],{},[50,26544,26546],{"className":52,"code":26545,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26547,26548,26580,26584,26609,26637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26549,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26551,5077],{"class":65},[59,26553,70],{"class":69},[59,26555,10491],{"class":73},[59,26557,78],{"class":77},[59,26559,18415],{"class":81},[59,26561,78],{"class":77},[59,26563,1002],{"class":73},[59,26565,19897],{"class":178},[59,26567,87],{"class":73},[59,26569,90],{"class":77},[59,26571,18424],{"class":81},[59,26573,78],{"class":77},[59,26575,1002],{"class":73},[59,26577,13506],{"class":178},[59,26579,9309],{"class":73},[59,26581,26582],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26583,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26585,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,26587,715],{"class":135},[59,26589,139],{"class":73},[59,26591,16389],{"class":142},[59,26593,358],{"class":73},[59,26595,26231],{"class":142},[59,26597,139],{"class":73},[59,26599,78],{"class":77},[59,26601,18415],{"class":81},[59,26603,78],{"class":77},[59,26605,5369],{"class":73},[59,26607,26608],{"class":3678},"         # 90\n",[59,26610,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,26612,715],{"class":135},[59,26614,139],{"class":73},[59,26616,16389],{"class":142},[59,26618,358],{"class":73},[59,26620,26231],{"class":142},[59,26622,139],{"class":73},[59,26624,78],{"class":77},[59,26626,18433],{"class":81},[59,26628,78],{"class":77},[59,26630,87],{"class":73},[59,26632,3848],{"class":178},[59,26634,5369],{"class":73},[59,26636,20767],{"class":3678},[59,26638,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,26640,715],{"class":135},[59,26642,139],{"class":73},[59,26644,16389],{"class":142},[59,26646,3675],{"class":73},[59,26648,26649],{"class":3678},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[45,26651,17419],{"id":17418},[20,26653,26654,14053,26656,26658],{},[15,26655,12765],{},[549,26657,4647],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26660,26661],{},"Instead, it returns:",[29,26663,26664,26667],{},[32,26665,26666],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[32,26668,26669],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26671,239],{},[50,26673,26675],{"className":52,"code":26674,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26676,26677,26709,26713,26736,26768,26772,26786,26800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26678,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26680,9170],{"class":65},[59,26682,70],{"class":69},[59,26684,10491],{"class":73},[59,26686,78],{"class":77},[59,26688,354],{"class":81},[59,26690,78],{"class":77},[59,26692,1002],{"class":73},[59,26694,741],{"class":178},[59,26696,87],{"class":73},[59,26698,90],{"class":77},[59,26700,442],{"class":81},[59,26702,78],{"class":77},[59,26704,1002],{"class":73},[59,26706,676],{"class":178},[59,26708,9309],{"class":73},[59,26710,26711],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26712,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26714,26715,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,26716,26717],{"class":65},"result1 ",[59,26719,70],{"class":69},[59,26721,14566],{"class":65},[59,26723,358],{"class":73},[59,26725,26231],{"class":142},[59,26727,139],{"class":73},[59,26729,78],{"class":77},[59,26731,354],{"class":81},[59,26733,78],{"class":77},[59,26735,165],{"class":73},[59,26737,26738,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26764,26766],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,26739,26740],{"class":65},"result2 ",[59,26742,70],{"class":69},[59,26744,14566],{"class":65},[59,26746,358],{"class":73},[59,26748,26231],{"class":142},[59,26750,139],{"class":73},[59,26752,78],{"class":77},[59,26754,451],{"class":81},[59,26756,78],{"class":77},[59,26758,87],{"class":73},[59,26760,90],{"class":77},[59,26762,26763],{"class":81},"missing",[59,26765,78],{"class":77},[59,26767,165],{"class":73},[59,26769,26770],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,26771,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26773,26774,26776,26778,26781,26783],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,26775,715],{"class":135},[59,26777,139],{"class":73},[59,26779,26780],{"class":142},"result1",[59,26782,3675],{"class":73},[59,26784,26785],{"class":3678},"  # 10\n",[59,26787,26788,26790,26792,26795,26797],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,26789,715],{"class":135},[59,26791,139],{"class":73},[59,26793,26794],{"class":142},"result2",[59,26796,3675],{"class":73},[59,26798,26799],{"class":3678},"  # missing\n",[59,26801,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,26803,715],{"class":135},[59,26805,139],{"class":73},[59,26807,9208],{"class":142},[59,26809,3675],{"class":73},[59,26811,26812],{"class":3678},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26814,26815,26816,6638],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[354,26817,26818],{"href":10737},[15,26819,26820],{},"dict.get()",[45,26822,776,26824],{"id":26823},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26825,12765],{},[20,26827,201,26828,10602],{},[15,26829,12765],{},[29,26831,26832,26835,26838],{},[32,26833,26834],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[32,26836,26837],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[32,26839,26840],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26842,239],{},[50,26844,26846],{"className":52,"code":26845,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26847,26848,26900,26904,26931,26935,26959,26963,26977,26991],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,26849,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26884,26886,26888,26891,26893,26895,26898],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,26851,25116],{"class":65},[59,26853,70],{"class":69},[59,26855,10491],{"class":73},[59,26857,78],{"class":77},[59,26859,7676],{"class":81},[59,26861,78],{"class":77},[59,26863,1002],{"class":73},[59,26865,90],{"class":77},[59,26867,26868],{"class":81},"Laptop",[59,26870,78],{"class":77},[59,26872,87],{"class":73},[59,26874,90],{"class":77},[59,26876,25142],{"class":81},[59,26878,78],{"class":77},[59,26880,1002],{"class":73},[59,26882,26883],{"class":178}," 1200",[59,26885,87],{"class":73},[59,26887,90],{"class":77},[59,26889,26890],{"class":81},"discount",[59,26892,78],{"class":77},[59,26894,1002],{"class":73},[59,26896,26897],{"class":178}," 200",[59,26899,9309],{"class":73},[59,26901,26902],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,26903,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26905,26906,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,26907,26908],{"class":65},"discount_amount ",[59,26910,70],{"class":69},[59,26912,25194],{"class":65},[59,26914,358],{"class":73},[59,26916,26231],{"class":142},[59,26918,139],{"class":73},[59,26920,78],{"class":77},[59,26922,26890],{"class":81},[59,26924,78],{"class":77},[59,26926,87],{"class":73},[59,26928,3848],{"class":178},[59,26930,165],{"class":73},[59,26932,26933],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,26934,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26936,26937,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,26938,26939],{"class":65},"final_price ",[59,26941,70],{"class":69},[59,26943,25194],{"class":65},[59,26945,3914],{"class":73},[59,26947,78],{"class":77},[59,26949,25142],{"class":81},[59,26951,78],{"class":77},[59,26953,13272],{"class":73},[59,26955,2241],{"class":69},[59,26957,26958],{"class":65}," discount_amount\n",[59,26960,26961],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,26962,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,26964,26965,26967,26969,26972,26974],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,26966,715],{"class":135},[59,26968,139],{"class":73},[59,26970,26971],{"class":142},"discount_amount",[59,26973,3675],{"class":73},[59,26975,26976],{"class":3678},"  # 200\n",[59,26978,26979,26981,26983,26986,26988],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,26980,715],{"class":135},[59,26982,139],{"class":73},[59,26984,26985],{"class":142},"final_price",[59,26987,3675],{"class":73},[59,26989,26990],{"class":3678},"      # 1000\n",[59,26992,26993,26995,26997,27000,27002],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,26994,715],{"class":135},[59,26996,139],{"class":73},[59,26998,26999],{"class":142},"product",[59,27001,3675],{"class":73},[59,27003,27004],{"class":3678},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27006,27007],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[45,27009,27011,10586,27013],{"id":27010},"pop-vs-del",[15,27012,12765],{},[15,27014,27015],{},"del",[20,27017,10591,27018,4408,27020,27022],{},[15,27019,12765],{},[15,27021,27015],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1127,27024,201,27026,27028],{"id":27025},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27027,12765],{}," when you need the removed value",[50,27030,27032],{"className":52,"code":27031,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27033,27034,27070,27074,27096,27100,27113],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27035,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27037,13203],{"class":65},[59,27039,70],{"class":69},[59,27041,10491],{"class":73},[59,27043,78],{"class":77},[59,27045,7676],{"class":81},[59,27047,78],{"class":77},[59,27049,1002],{"class":73},[59,27051,90],{"class":77},[59,27053,258],{"class":81},[59,27055,78],{"class":77},[59,27057,87],{"class":73},[59,27059,90],{"class":77},[59,27061,9299],{"class":81},[59,27063,78],{"class":77},[59,27065,1002],{"class":73},[59,27067,9306],{"class":178},[59,27069,9309],{"class":73},[59,27071,27072],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27073,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27075,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27077,21626],{"class":65},[59,27079,70],{"class":69},[59,27081,13246],{"class":65},[59,27083,358],{"class":73},[59,27085,26231],{"class":142},[59,27087,139],{"class":73},[59,27089,78],{"class":77},[59,27091,9299],{"class":81},[59,27093,78],{"class":77},[59,27095,165],{"class":73},[59,27097,27098],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27099,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27101,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27103,715],{"class":135},[59,27105,139],{"class":73},[59,27107,9299],{"class":142},[59,27109,3675],{"class":73},[59,27111,27112],{"class":3678},"     # 25\n",[59,27114,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27116,715],{"class":135},[59,27118,139],{"class":73},[59,27120,17307],{"class":142},[59,27122,3675],{"class":73},[59,27124,27125],{"class":3678},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1127,27127,201,27129,27131],{"id":27128},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27130,27015],{}," when you only want deletion",[50,27133,27135],{"className":52,"code":27134,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27136,27137,27173,27177,27193,27197],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27138,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27140,13203],{"class":65},[59,27142,70],{"class":69},[59,27144,10491],{"class":73},[59,27146,78],{"class":77},[59,27148,7676],{"class":81},[59,27150,78],{"class":77},[59,27152,1002],{"class":73},[59,27154,90],{"class":77},[59,27156,258],{"class":81},[59,27158,78],{"class":77},[59,27160,87],{"class":73},[59,27162,90],{"class":77},[59,27164,9299],{"class":81},[59,27166,78],{"class":77},[59,27168,1002],{"class":73},[59,27170,9306],{"class":178},[59,27172,9309],{"class":73},[59,27174,27175],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27176,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27178,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27180,27015],{"class":120},[59,27182,13246],{"class":65},[59,27184,3914],{"class":73},[59,27186,78],{"class":77},[59,27188,9299],{"class":81},[59,27190,78],{"class":77},[59,27192,107],{"class":73},[59,27194,27195],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27196,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27198,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27200,715],{"class":135},[59,27202,139],{"class":73},[59,27204,17307],{"class":142},[59,27206,3675],{"class":73},[59,27208,27125],{"class":3678},[20,27210,27211],{},"Difference:",[29,27213,27214,27219],{},[32,27215,27216,27218],{},[15,27217,12765],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[32,27220,27221,27223],{},[15,27222,27015],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27225,27226,27227,358],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[354,27228,12577],{"href":12576},[45,27230,27232,27233],{"id":27231},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27234,19686],{},[20,27236,27237],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1127,27239,27241],{"id":27240},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[50,27243,27245],{"className":52,"code":27244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27246,27247,27272,27276,27302,27306,27318],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27248,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27268,27270],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27250,11727],{"class":65},[59,27252,70],{"class":69},[59,27254,10491],{"class":73},[59,27256,78],{"class":77},[59,27258,7676],{"class":81},[59,27260,78],{"class":77},[59,27262,1002],{"class":73},[59,27264,90],{"class":77},[59,27266,27267],{"class":81},"Sara",[59,27269,78],{"class":77},[59,27271,9309],{"class":73},[59,27273,27274],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27275,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27277,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27279,2464],{"class":65},[59,27281,70],{"class":69},[59,27283,11768],{"class":65},[59,27285,358],{"class":73},[59,27287,26231],{"class":142},[59,27289,139],{"class":73},[59,27291,78],{"class":77},[59,27293,9299],{"class":81},[59,27295,78],{"class":77},[59,27297,87],{"class":73},[59,27299,3868],{"class":3867},[59,27301,165],{"class":73},[59,27303,27304],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27305,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27307,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27309,715],{"class":135},[59,27311,139],{"class":73},[59,27313,1217],{"class":142},[59,27315,3675],{"class":73},[59,27317,20560],{"class":3678},[59,27319,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27321,715],{"class":135},[59,27323,139],{"class":73},[59,27325,11452],{"class":142},[59,27327,3675],{"class":73},[59,27329,27330],{"class":3678}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27332,27333],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1127,27335,27337],{"id":27336},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[50,27339,27341],{"className":52,"code":27340,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27342,27343,27367,27371,27387,27410,27420,27427],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27344,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27346,11727],{"class":65},[59,27348,70],{"class":69},[59,27350,10491],{"class":73},[59,27352,78],{"class":77},[59,27354,7676],{"class":81},[59,27356,78],{"class":77},[59,27358,1002],{"class":73},[59,27360,90],{"class":77},[59,27362,27267],{"class":81},[59,27364,78],{"class":77},[59,27366,9309],{"class":73},[59,27368,27369],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27370,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27372,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27374,7004],{"class":120},[59,27376,90],{"class":77},[59,27378,9299],{"class":81},[59,27380,78],{"class":77},[59,27382,21173],{"class":69},[59,27384,11768],{"class":65},[59,27386,1561],{"class":73},[59,27388,27389,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27390,27391],{"class":65},"    value ",[59,27393,70],{"class":69},[59,27395,11768],{"class":65},[59,27397,358],{"class":73},[59,27399,26231],{"class":142},[59,27401,139],{"class":73},[59,27403,78],{"class":77},[59,27405,9299],{"class":81},[59,27407,78],{"class":77},[59,27409,165],{"class":73},[59,27411,27412,27414,27416,27418],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27413,152],{"class":135},[59,27415,139],{"class":73},[59,27417,1217],{"class":142},[59,27419,165],{"class":73},[59,27421,27422,27425],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27423,27424],{"class":120},"else",[59,27426,1561],{"class":73},[59,27428,27429,27431,27433,27435,27438,27440],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,27430,152],{"class":135},[59,27432,139],{"class":73},[59,27434,78],{"class":77},[59,27436,27437],{"class":81},"Key not found",[59,27439,78],{"class":77},[59,27441,165],{"class":73},[1127,27443,27445,27446,27448],{"id":27444},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27447,10741],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[50,27450,27452],{"className":52,"code":27451,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27453,27454,27478,27482,27508,27512,27524],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27457,11727],{"class":65},[59,27459,70],{"class":69},[59,27461,10491],{"class":73},[59,27463,78],{"class":77},[59,27465,7676],{"class":81},[59,27467,78],{"class":77},[59,27469,1002],{"class":73},[59,27471,90],{"class":77},[59,27473,27267],{"class":81},[59,27475,78],{"class":77},[59,27477,9309],{"class":73},[59,27479,27480],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27481,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27483,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27485,2464],{"class":65},[59,27487,70],{"class":69},[59,27489,11768],{"class":65},[59,27491,358],{"class":73},[59,27493,19749],{"class":142},[59,27495,139],{"class":73},[59,27497,78],{"class":77},[59,27499,9299],{"class":81},[59,27501,78],{"class":77},[59,27503,87],{"class":73},[59,27505,3868],{"class":3867},[59,27507,165],{"class":73},[59,27509,27510],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27511,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27513,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27515,715],{"class":135},[59,27517,139],{"class":73},[59,27519,1217],{"class":142},[59,27521,3675],{"class":73},[59,27523,20560],{"class":3678},[59,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27527,715],{"class":135},[59,27529,139],{"class":73},[59,27531,11452],{"class":142},[59,27533,3675],{"class":73},[59,27535,27330],{"class":3678},[20,27537,201,27538,27542,27543,358],{},[354,27539,27540],{"href":10737},[15,27541,26820],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[354,27544,11264],{"href":11076},[45,27546,4534],{"id":4533},[20,27548,27549,27550,358],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27551,12572],{},[1127,27553,25764,27555,27557],{"id":27554},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27556,12765],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27559,27560],{},"Lists use indexes:",[50,27562,27564],{"className":52,"code":27563,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27565,27566,27586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27567,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27569,664],{"class":65},[59,27571,70],{"class":69},[59,27573,74],{"class":73},[59,27575,671],{"class":178},[59,27577,87],{"class":73},[59,27579,676],{"class":178},[59,27581,87],{"class":73},[59,27583,681],{"class":178},[59,27585,107],{"class":73},[59,27587,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27589,715],{"class":135},[59,27591,139],{"class":73},[59,27593,707],{"class":142},[59,27595,358],{"class":73},[59,27597,26231],{"class":142},[59,27599,139],{"class":73},[59,27601,187],{"class":178},[59,27603,5369],{"class":73},[59,27605,27606],{"class":3678},"  # 20\n",[20,27608,27609],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[50,27611,27613],{"className":52,"code":27612,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27614,27615,27651],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27616,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27618,13203],{"class":65},[59,27620,70],{"class":69},[59,27622,10491],{"class":73},[59,27624,78],{"class":77},[59,27626,7676],{"class":81},[59,27628,78],{"class":77},[59,27630,1002],{"class":73},[59,27632,90],{"class":77},[59,27634,258],{"class":81},[59,27636,78],{"class":77},[59,27638,87],{"class":73},[59,27640,90],{"class":77},[59,27642,9299],{"class":81},[59,27644,78],{"class":77},[59,27646,1002],{"class":73},[59,27648,9306],{"class":178},[59,27650,9309],{"class":73},[59,27652,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27654,715],{"class":135},[59,27656,139],{"class":73},[59,27658,17307],{"class":142},[59,27660,358],{"class":73},[59,27662,26231],{"class":142},[59,27664,139],{"class":73},[59,27666,78],{"class":77},[59,27668,9299],{"class":81},[59,27670,78],{"class":77},[59,27672,5369],{"class":73},[59,27674,27675],{"class":3678},"  # 25\n",[20,27677,27678,27679,27681,27682,27684],{},"A dictionary does ",[549,27680,4647],{}," use positions with ",[15,27683,12765],{},". It uses keys.",[1127,27686,4721,27688,27690],{"id":27687},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27689,12765],{}," changes the original dictionary",[50,27692,27694],{"className":52,"code":27693,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27695,27696,27728,27732,27754,27758,27771],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27697,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27699,9170],{"class":65},[59,27701,70],{"class":69},[59,27703,10491],{"class":73},[59,27705,78],{"class":77},[59,27707,1260],{"class":81},[59,27709,78],{"class":77},[59,27711,1002],{"class":73},[59,27713,5506],{"class":178},[59,27715,87],{"class":73},[59,27717,90],{"class":77},[59,27719,1269],{"class":81},[59,27721,78],{"class":77},[59,27723,1002],{"class":73},[59,27725,3009],{"class":178},[59,27727,9309],{"class":73},[59,27729,27730],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27731,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27735,2464],{"class":65},[59,27737,70],{"class":69},[59,27739,14566],{"class":65},[59,27741,358],{"class":73},[59,27743,26231],{"class":142},[59,27745,139],{"class":73},[59,27747,78],{"class":77},[59,27749,1260],{"class":81},[59,27751,78],{"class":77},[59,27753,165],{"class":73},[59,27755,27756],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27757,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27759,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27761,715],{"class":135},[59,27763,139],{"class":73},[59,27765,1217],{"class":142},[59,27767,3675],{"class":73},[59,27769,27770],{"class":3678},"  # 1\n",[59,27772,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27774,715],{"class":135},[59,27776,139],{"class":73},[59,27778,9208],{"class":142},[59,27780,3675],{"class":73},[59,27782,27783],{"class":3678},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27785,27786,27787,27789],{},"After ",[15,27788,12765],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1127,27791,1599,27793,27795],{"id":27792},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27794,12765],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[50,27797,27799],{"className":52,"code":27798,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27800,27801,27825,27829,27834],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27802,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27804,9170],{"class":65},[59,27806,70],{"class":69},[59,27808,10491],{"class":73},[59,27810,78],{"class":77},[59,27812,7676],{"class":81},[59,27814,78],{"class":77},[59,27816,1002],{"class":73},[59,27818,90],{"class":77},[59,27820,7927],{"class":81},[59,27822,78],{"class":77},[59,27824,9309],{"class":73},[59,27826,27827],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27828,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27830,27831],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27832,27833],{"class":3678},"# This causes an error\n",[59,27835,27836],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27837,27838],{"class":3678},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27840,27841],{},"Safer version:",[50,27843,27845],{"className":52,"code":27844,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27846,27847,27871,27875],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27848,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27850,9170],{"class":65},[59,27852,70],{"class":69},[59,27854,10491],{"class":73},[59,27856,78],{"class":77},[59,27858,7676],{"class":81},[59,27860,78],{"class":77},[59,27862,1002],{"class":73},[59,27864,90],{"class":77},[59,27866,7927],{"class":81},[59,27868,78],{"class":77},[59,27870,9309],{"class":73},[59,27872,27873],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27874,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27878,715],{"class":135},[59,27880,139],{"class":73},[59,27882,9208],{"class":142},[59,27884,358],{"class":73},[59,27886,26231],{"class":142},[59,27888,139],{"class":73},[59,27890,78],{"class":77},[59,27892,9299],{"class":81},[59,27894,78],{"class":77},[59,27896,87],{"class":73},[59,27898,90],{"class":77},[59,27900,26763],{"class":81},[59,27902,78],{"class":77},[59,27904,5369],{"class":73},[59,27906,26799],{"class":3678},[1127,27908,8456,27910,27912],{"id":27909},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27911,12765],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[50,27914,27916],{"className":52,"code":27915,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27917,27918,27950,27954,27976,27980,27992],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,27919,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,27921,9170],{"class":65},[59,27923,70],{"class":69},[59,27925,10491],{"class":73},[59,27927,78],{"class":77},[59,27929,354],{"class":81},[59,27931,78],{"class":77},[59,27933,1002],{"class":73},[59,27935,5506],{"class":178},[59,27937,87],{"class":73},[59,27939,90],{"class":77},[59,27941,442],{"class":81},[59,27943,78],{"class":77},[59,27945,1002],{"class":73},[59,27947,3009],{"class":178},[59,27949,9309],{"class":73},[59,27951,27952],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,27953,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,27957,692],{"class":65},[59,27959,70],{"class":69},[59,27961,14566],{"class":65},[59,27963,358],{"class":73},[59,27965,26231],{"class":142},[59,27967,139],{"class":73},[59,27969,78],{"class":77},[59,27971,354],{"class":81},[59,27973,78],{"class":77},[59,27975,165],{"class":73},[59,27977,27978],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,27979,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,27981,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,27983,715],{"class":135},[59,27985,139],{"class":73},[59,27987,720],{"class":142},[59,27989,3675],{"class":73},[59,27991,27770],{"class":3678},[59,27993,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,27995,715],{"class":135},[59,27997,139],{"class":73},[59,27999,9208],{"class":142},[59,28001,3675],{"class":73},[59,28003,28004],{"class":3678},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28006,28007],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[45,28009,28011],{"id":28010},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28013,28014,28015,28017],{},"Problems with ",[15,28016,12572],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[29,28019,28020,28023,28032,28035],{},[32,28021,28022],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[32,28024,28025,28026,28029,28030],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28027,28028],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28031,26327],{},[32,28033,28034],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[32,28036,28037,28038,999,28040],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28039,187],{},[15,28041,28042],{},"\"1\"",[20,28044,28045],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[50,28047,28049],{"className":52,"code":28048,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28050,28051,28075,28079,28109],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28052,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28054,9170],{"class":65},[59,28056,70],{"class":69},[59,28058,10491],{"class":73},[59,28060,78],{"class":77},[59,28062,187],{"class":81},[59,28064,78],{"class":77},[59,28066,1002],{"class":73},[59,28068,90],{"class":77},[59,28070,6592],{"class":81},[59,28072,78],{"class":77},[59,28074,9309],{"class":73},[59,28076,28077],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28078,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,28080,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28102,28104,28106],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,28082,715],{"class":135},[59,28084,139],{"class":73},[59,28086,9208],{"class":142},[59,28088,358],{"class":73},[59,28090,26231],{"class":142},[59,28092,139],{"class":73},[59,28094,187],{"class":178},[59,28096,87],{"class":73},[59,28098,90],{"class":77},[59,28100,28101],{"class":81},"not found",[59,28103,78],{"class":77},[59,28105,5369],{"class":73},[59,28107,28108],{"class":3678},"    # not found\n",[59,28110,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,28112,715],{"class":135},[59,28114,139],{"class":73},[59,28116,9208],{"class":142},[59,28118,358],{"class":73},[59,28120,26231],{"class":142},[59,28122,139],{"class":73},[59,28124,78],{"class":77},[59,28126,187],{"class":81},[59,28128,78],{"class":77},[59,28130,87],{"class":73},[59,28132,90],{"class":77},[59,28134,28101],{"class":81},[59,28136,78],{"class":77},[59,28138,5369],{"class":73},[59,28140,28141],{"class":3678},"  # one\n",[20,28143,28144,4408,28146,28148],{},[15,28145,187],{},[15,28147,28042],{}," are different keys.",[45,28150,8876],{"id":8875},[20,28152,8879,28153,28155],{},[15,28154,12765],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[50,28157,28159],{"className":52,"code":28158,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28160,28161,28171,28185,28203,28233],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28162,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28164,715],{"class":135},[59,28166,139],{"class":73},[59,28168,11452],{"class":142},[59,28170,165],{"class":73},[59,28172,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28174,715],{"class":135},[59,28176,139],{"class":73},[59,28178,11452],{"class":142},[59,28180,358],{"class":73},[59,28182,16924],{"class":142},[59,28184,7201],{"class":73},[59,28186,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,28188,715],{"class":135},[59,28190,139],{"class":73},[59,28192,1725],{"class":77},[59,28194,7676],{"class":81},[59,28196,1725],{"class":77},[59,28198,21173],{"class":120},[59,28200,11768],{"class":142},[59,28202,165],{"class":73},[59,28204,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,28206,715],{"class":135},[59,28208,139],{"class":73},[59,28210,11452],{"class":142},[59,28212,358],{"class":73},[59,28214,26231],{"class":142},[59,28216,139],{"class":73},[59,28218,1725],{"class":77},[59,28220,7676],{"class":81},[59,28222,1725],{"class":77},[59,28224,87],{"class":73},[59,28226,1734],{"class":77},[59,28228,26763],{"class":81},[59,28230,1725],{"class":77},[59,28232,710],{"class":73},[59,28234,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,28236,715],{"class":135},[59,28238,139],{"class":73},[59,28240,3239],{"class":697},[59,28242,139],{"class":73},[59,28244,11452],{"class":142},[59,28246,710],{"class":73},[20,28248,21336],{},[29,28250,28251,28256,28261,28266,28272],{},[32,28252,28253,28255],{},[15,28254,12682],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[32,28257,28258,28260],{},[15,28259,21348],{}," shows all available keys",[32,28262,28263,28265],{},[15,28264,21354],{}," checks whether a key exists",[32,28267,28268,28271],{},[15,28269,28270],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[32,28273,28274,28276],{},[15,28275,12688],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28278,28279,28280,358],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[354,28281,9392],{"href":9391},[45,28283,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,28285,28287,28288,28290],{"id":28286},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28289,12765],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28292,28293],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1127,28295,28297],{"id":28296},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28299,28300,26528,28302,902,28304,28306],{},[15,28301,26327],{},[15,28303,19686],{},[15,28305,26331],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1127,28308,1882,28310,14896],{"id":28309},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28311,12765],{},[20,28313,28314],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1127,28316,28318,28319,28321],{"id":28317},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28320,12765],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28323,28324,28325,28327,28328,358],{},"Not with ",[15,28326,12572],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[354,28329,28330],{"href":12583},[15,28331,12772],{},[1127,28333,5190,28335,4408,28337,1905],{"id":28334},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28336,10741],{},[15,28338,12765],{},[20,28340,28341,28343,28344,28346],{},[15,28342,10741],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28345,12765],{}," reads and removes it.",[45,28348,1927],{"id":1926},[29,28350,28351,28357,28364,28368,28372,28376],{},[32,28352,28353],{},[354,28354,28355],{"href":10737},[15,28356,19667],{},[32,28358,28359],{},[354,28360,28361],{"href":12583},[15,28362,28363],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[32,28365,28366],{},[354,28367,12789],{"href":12576},[32,28369,28370],{},[354,28371,21456],{"href":16597},[32,28373,28374],{},[354,28375,11264],{"href":11076},[32,28377,28378],{},[354,28379,28381],{"href":28380},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1953,28383,28384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":28386},[28387,28388,28390,28391,28392,28394,28401,28408,28418,28419,28420,28431],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":26338,"depth":110,"text":28389},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":26823,"depth":110,"text":28393},"When to use pop()",{"id":27010,"depth":110,"text":28395,"children":28396},"pop() vs del",[28397,28399],{"id":27025,"depth":117,"text":28398},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27128,"depth":117,"text":28400},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27231,"depth":110,"text":28402,"children":28403},"How to avoid KeyError",[28404,28405,28406],{"id":27240,"depth":117,"text":27241},{"id":27336,"depth":117,"text":27337},{"id":27444,"depth":117,"text":28407},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":28409},[28410,28412,28414,28416],{"id":27554,"depth":117,"text":28411},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27687,"depth":117,"text":28413},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27792,"depth":117,"text":28415},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27909,"depth":117,"text":28417},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28010,"depth":110,"text":28011},{"id":8875,"depth":110,"text":8876},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":28421},[28422,28424,28425,28427,28429],{"id":28286,"depth":117,"text":28423},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28296,"depth":117,"text":28297},{"id":28309,"depth":117,"text":28426},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28317,"depth":117,"text":28428},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28334,"depth":117,"text":28430},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26159,"description":28432},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28439,"title":28363,"body":28440,"description":30377,"extension":1988,"meta":30378,"navigation":113,"path":30379,"seo":30380,"stem":30381,"__hash__":30382},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28441,"toc":30341},[28442,28447,28452,28455,28463,28473,28475,28564,28568,28617,28622,28627,28631,28647,28650,28652,28667,28669,28685,28692,28696,28702,28711,28713,28782,28786,28807,28810,28829,28832,28855,28857,28860,28975,28979,29038,29045,29049,29054,29179,29183,29233,29236,29240,29247,29249,29312,29316,29337,29340,29349,29364,29372,29379,29383,29395,29399,29410,29412,29557,29561,29620,29627,29632,29636,29642,29665,29670,29689,29693,29764,29771,29844,29853,29858,29863,29874,29877,30013,30018,30050,30055,30057,30061,30121,30124,30181,30184,30227,30229,30234,30240,30246,30249,30256,30264,30269,30272,30279,30287,30289,30338],[10,28443,11320,28445,11324],{"id":28444},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28446,12772],{},[20,28448,2005,28449,28451],{},[15,28450,12772],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28453,28454],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[29,28456,28457,28460],{},[32,28458,28459],{},"remove an item",[32,28461,28462],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28464,28465,28466,28468,28469,28472],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28467,12772],{}," removes the ",[549,28470,28471],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[45,28474,48],{"id":47},[50,28476,28478],{"className":52,"code":28477,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28479,28480,28524,28540,28544,28554],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28481,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28483,9170],{"class":65},[59,28485,70],{"class":69},[59,28487,10491],{"class":73},[59,28489,78],{"class":77},[59,28491,354],{"class":81},[59,28493,78],{"class":77},[59,28495,1002],{"class":73},[59,28497,5506],{"class":178},[59,28499,87],{"class":73},[59,28501,90],{"class":77},[59,28503,442],{"class":81},[59,28505,78],{"class":77},[59,28507,1002],{"class":73},[59,28509,3009],{"class":178},[59,28511,87],{"class":73},[59,28513,90],{"class":77},[59,28515,451],{"class":81},[59,28517,78],{"class":77},[59,28519,1002],{"class":73},[59,28521,2469],{"class":178},[59,28523,9309],{"class":73},[59,28525,28526,28529,28531,28533,28535,28538],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28527,28528],{"class":65},"item ",[59,28530,70],{"class":69},[59,28532,14566],{"class":65},[59,28534,358],{"class":73},[59,28536,28537],{"class":142},"popitem",[59,28539,8647],{"class":73},[59,28541,28542],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,28543,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,28545,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,28547,715],{"class":135},[59,28549,139],{"class":73},[59,28551,23304],{"class":142},[59,28553,165],{"class":73},[59,28555,28556,28558,28560,28562],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,28557,715],{"class":135},[59,28559,139],{"class":73},[59,28561,9208],{"class":142},[59,28563,165],{"class":73},[20,28565,28566],{},[549,28567,168],{},[50,28569,28571],{"className":52,"code":28570,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28572,28573,28589],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28574,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28576,139],{"class":73},[59,28578,1725],{"class":77},[59,28580,451],{"class":81},[59,28582,1725],{"class":77},[59,28584,87],{"class":73},[59,28586,2469],{"class":178},[59,28588,165],{"class":73},[59,28590,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28592,893],{"class":73},[59,28594,1725],{"class":77},[59,28596,354],{"class":81},[59,28598,1725],{"class":77},[59,28600,1002],{"class":73},[59,28602,5506],{"class":178},[59,28604,87],{"class":73},[59,28606,1734],{"class":77},[59,28608,442],{"class":81},[59,28610,1725],{"class":77},[59,28612,1002],{"class":73},[59,28614,3009],{"class":178},[59,28616,9309],{"class":73},[20,28618,28619,28621],{},[15,28620,12772],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[45,28623,208,28625,211],{"id":28624},"what-popitem-does",[15,28626,12772],{},[20,28628,28629,1002],{},[15,28630,12772],{},[29,28632,28633,28636,28641,28644],{},[32,28634,28635],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[32,28637,28638,28639],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28640,21653],{},[32,28642,28643],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[32,28645,28646],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28648,28649],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[45,28651,362],{"id":361},[50,28653,28655],{"className":52,"code":28654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28656,28657],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28658,28659,28661,28663,28665],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28660,15605],{"class":65},[59,28662,358],{"class":73},[59,28664,28537],{"class":142},[59,28666,8647],{"class":73},[20,28668,11461],{},[29,28670,28671,28679,28682],{},[32,28672,28673,28675,28676],{},[15,28674,12772],{}," takes ",[549,28677,28678],{},"no arguments",[32,28680,28681],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[32,28683,28684],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28686,28687,28688,6638],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[354,28689,28690],{"href":12569},[15,28691,12765],{},[45,28693,28695],{"id":28694},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28697,28698,28699,28701],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28700,12772],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28703,28704,28705,28708],"ol",{},[32,28706,28707],{},"the key",[32,28709,28710],{},"the value",[20,28712,239],{},[50,28714,28716],{"className":52,"code":28715,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28717,28718,28754,28768,28772],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28719,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28721,13203],{"class":65},[59,28723,70],{"class":69},[59,28725,10491],{"class":73},[59,28727,78],{"class":77},[59,28729,7676],{"class":81},[59,28731,78],{"class":77},[59,28733,1002],{"class":73},[59,28735,90],{"class":77},[59,28737,5018],{"class":81},[59,28739,78],{"class":77},[59,28741,87],{"class":73},[59,28743,90],{"class":77},[59,28745,9299],{"class":81},[59,28747,78],{"class":77},[59,28749,1002],{"class":73},[59,28751,9306],{"class":178},[59,28753,9309],{"class":73},[59,28755,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28757,692],{"class":65},[59,28759,70],{"class":69},[59,28761,13246],{"class":65},[59,28763,358],{"class":73},[59,28765,28537],{"class":142},[59,28767,8647],{"class":73},[59,28769,28770],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,28771,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,28773,28774,28776,28778,28780],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,28775,715],{"class":135},[59,28777,139],{"class":73},[59,28779,720],{"class":142},[59,28781,165],{"class":73},[20,28783,28784],{},[549,28785,168],{},[50,28787,28789],{"className":52,"code":28788,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28790,28791],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28792,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28794,139],{"class":73},[59,28796,1725],{"class":77},[59,28798,9299],{"class":81},[59,28800,1725],{"class":77},[59,28802,87],{"class":73},[59,28804,9306],{"class":178},[59,28806,165],{"class":73},[20,28808,28809],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[50,28811,28813],{"className":52,"code":28812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28814,28815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28816,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28818,692],{"class":65},[59,28820,70],{"class":69},[59,28822,13246],{"class":65},[59,28824,358],{"class":73},[59,28826,28537],{"class":142},[59,28828,8647],{"class":73},[20,28830,28831],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[50,28833,28835],{"className":52,"code":28834,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28836,28837],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28838,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28840,14841],{"class":65},[59,28842,87],{"class":73},[59,28844,1173],{"class":65},[59,28846,70],{"class":69},[59,28848,13246],{"class":65},[59,28850,358],{"class":73},[59,28852,28537],{"class":142},[59,28854,8647],{"class":73},[45,28856,11478],{"id":11477},[20,28858,28859],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[50,28861,28863],{"className":52,"code":28862,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28864,28865,28913,28917,28932,28936,28956],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28866,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28897,28899,28901,28904,28906,28908,28911],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28868,5077],{"class":65},[59,28870,70],{"class":69},[59,28872,10491],{"class":73},[59,28874,78],{"class":77},[59,28876,28877],{"class":81},"Tom",[59,28879,78],{"class":77},[59,28881,1002],{"class":73},[59,28883,5089],{"class":178},[59,28885,87],{"class":73},[59,28887,90],{"class":77},[59,28889,258],{"class":81},[59,28891,78],{"class":77},[59,28893,1002],{"class":73},[59,28895,28896],{"class":178}," 95",[59,28898,87],{"class":73},[59,28900,90],{"class":77},[59,28902,28903],{"class":81},"Leo",[59,28905,78],{"class":77},[59,28907,1002],{"class":73},[59,28909,28910],{"class":178}," 88",[59,28912,9309],{"class":73},[59,28914,28915],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,28916,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,28918,28919,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,28920,28921],{"class":65},"removed_pair ",[59,28923,70],{"class":69},[59,28925,5124],{"class":65},[59,28927,358],{"class":73},[59,28929,28537],{"class":142},[59,28931,8647],{"class":73},[59,28933,28934],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,28935,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,28937,28938,28940,28942,28944,28947,28949,28951,28954],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,28939,715],{"class":135},[59,28941,139],{"class":73},[59,28943,78],{"class":77},[59,28945,28946],{"class":81},"Removed:",[59,28948,78],{"class":77},[59,28950,87],{"class":73},[59,28952,28953],{"class":142}," removed_pair",[59,28955,165],{"class":73},[59,28957,28958,28960,28962,28964,28967,28969,28971,28973],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,28959,715],{"class":135},[59,28961,139],{"class":73},[59,28963,78],{"class":77},[59,28965,28966],{"class":81},"After removal:",[59,28968,78],{"class":77},[59,28970,87],{"class":73},[59,28972,5124],{"class":142},[59,28974,165],{"class":73},[20,28976,28977],{},[549,28978,168],{},[50,28980,28982],{"className":52,"code":28981,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28983,28984,29005],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,28985,28986,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,28987,28988],{"class":65},"Removed",[59,28990,1002],{"class":73},[59,28992,747],{"class":73},[59,28994,1725],{"class":77},[59,28996,28903],{"class":81},[59,28998,1725],{"class":77},[59,29000,87],{"class":73},[59,29002,28910],{"class":178},[59,29004,165],{"class":73},[59,29006,29007,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29008,29009],{"class":65},"After removal",[59,29011,1002],{"class":73},[59,29013,10491],{"class":73},[59,29015,1725],{"class":77},[59,29017,28877],{"class":81},[59,29019,1725],{"class":77},[59,29021,1002],{"class":73},[59,29023,5089],{"class":178},[59,29025,87],{"class":73},[59,29027,1734],{"class":77},[59,29029,258],{"class":81},[59,29031,1725],{"class":77},[59,29033,1002],{"class":73},[59,29035,28896],{"class":178},[59,29037,9309],{"class":73},[20,29039,29040,29041,29044],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29042,29043],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[45,29046,29048],{"id":29047},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29050,1397,29051,29053],{},[15,29052,12772],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[50,29055,29057],{"className":52,"code":29056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29058,29059,29095,29099,29118,29122,29141,29160],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29060,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29062,15448],{"class":65},[59,29064,70],{"class":69},[59,29066,10491],{"class":73},[59,29068,78],{"class":77},[59,29070,15459],{"class":81},[59,29072,78],{"class":77},[59,29074,1002],{"class":73},[59,29076,90],{"class":77},[59,29078,15468],{"class":81},[59,29080,78],{"class":77},[59,29082,87],{"class":73},[59,29084,90],{"class":77},[59,29086,15479],{"class":81},[59,29088,78],{"class":77},[59,29090,1002],{"class":73},[59,29092,26897],{"class":178},[59,29094,9309],{"class":73},[59,29096,29097],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29098,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29100,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29112,29114,29116],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29102,14841],{"class":65},[59,29104,87],{"class":73},[59,29106,1173],{"class":65},[59,29108,70],{"class":69},[59,29110,29111],{"class":65}," book",[59,29113,358],{"class":73},[59,29115,28537],{"class":142},[59,29117,8647],{"class":73},[59,29119,29120],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,29121,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29123,29124,29126,29128,29130,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,29125,715],{"class":135},[59,29127,139],{"class":73},[59,29129,78],{"class":77},[59,29131,29132],{"class":81},"Key:",[59,29134,78],{"class":77},[59,29136,87],{"class":73},[59,29138,21578],{"class":142},[59,29140,165],{"class":73},[59,29142,29143,29145,29147,29149,29152,29154,29156,29158],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,29144,715],{"class":135},[59,29146,139],{"class":73},[59,29148,78],{"class":77},[59,29150,29151],{"class":81},"Value:",[59,29153,78],{"class":77},[59,29155,87],{"class":73},[59,29157,1196],{"class":142},[59,29159,165],{"class":73},[59,29161,29162,29164,29166,29168,29171,29173,29175,29177],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,29163,715],{"class":135},[59,29165,139],{"class":73},[59,29167,78],{"class":77},[59,29169,29170],{"class":81},"Dictionary:",[59,29172,78],{"class":77},[59,29174,87],{"class":73},[59,29176,29111],{"class":142},[59,29178,165],{"class":73},[20,29180,29181],{},[549,29182,168],{},[50,29184,29186],{"className":52,"code":29185,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29187,29188,29198,29208],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29189,29190,29193,29195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29191,29192],{"class":65},"Key",[59,29194,1002],{"class":73},[59,29196,29197],{"class":65}," pages\n",[59,29199,29200,29203,29205],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29201,29202],{"class":65},"Value",[59,29204,1002],{"class":73},[59,29206,29207],{"class":178}," 200\n",[59,29209,29210,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29211,29212],{"class":65},"Dictionary",[59,29214,1002],{"class":73},[59,29216,10491],{"class":73},[59,29218,1725],{"class":77},[59,29220,15459],{"class":81},[59,29222,1725],{"class":77},[59,29224,1002],{"class":73},[59,29226,1734],{"class":77},[59,29228,15468],{"class":81},[59,29230,1725],{"class":77},[59,29232,9309],{"class":73},[20,29234,29235],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[45,29237,29239],{"id":29238},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29241,29242,29243,28468,29245,358],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29244,12772],{},[549,29246,28471],{},[20,29248,239],{},[50,29250,29252],{"className":52,"code":29251,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29253,29254,29298],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29255,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29257,9170],{"class":65},[59,29259,70],{"class":69},[59,29261,10491],{"class":73},[59,29263,78],{"class":77},[59,29265,1260],{"class":81},[59,29267,78],{"class":77},[59,29269,1002],{"class":73},[59,29271,5506],{"class":178},[59,29273,87],{"class":73},[59,29275,90],{"class":77},[59,29277,1269],{"class":81},[59,29279,78],{"class":77},[59,29281,1002],{"class":73},[59,29283,3009],{"class":178},[59,29285,87],{"class":73},[59,29287,90],{"class":77},[59,29289,22074],{"class":81},[59,29291,78],{"class":77},[59,29293,1002],{"class":73},[59,29295,2469],{"class":178},[59,29297,9309],{"class":73},[59,29299,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29301,715],{"class":135},[59,29303,139],{"class":73},[59,29305,9208],{"class":142},[59,29307,358],{"class":73},[59,29309,28537],{"class":142},[59,29311,7201],{"class":73},[20,29313,29314],{},[549,29315,168],{},[50,29317,29319],{"className":52,"code":29318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29320,29321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29322,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29324,139],{"class":73},[59,29326,1725],{"class":77},[59,29328,22074],{"class":81},[59,29330,1725],{"class":77},[59,29332,87],{"class":73},[59,29334,2469],{"class":178},[59,29336,165],{"class":73},[20,29338,29339],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29341,29342,29343,29345,29346,29348],{},"As a beginner, do ",[549,29344,4647],{}," think of ",[15,29347,12772],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29350,29351,29352,1208,29356,17072,29360,358],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[354,29353,29354],{"href":17075},[15,29355,17078],{},[354,29357,29358],{"href":17062},[15,29359,17065],{},[354,29361,29362],{"href":17068},[15,29363,17071],{},[45,29365,29367,29368,4408,29370],{"id":29366},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29369,12772],{},[15,29371,12765],{},[20,29373,29374,4408,29376,29378],{},[15,29375,12772],{},[15,29377,12765],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1127,29380,29381],{"id":28537},[15,29382,12772],{},[29,29384,29385,29388,29391],{},[32,29386,29387],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[32,29389,29390],{},"does not need a key argument",[32,29392,3706,29393],{},[15,29394,21653],{},[1127,29396,29397],{"id":26231},[15,29398,12765],{},[29,29400,29401,29404,29407],{},[32,29402,29403],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[32,29405,29406],{},"needs the key name",[32,29408,29409],{},"returns only the value",[20,29411,239],{},[50,29413,29415],{"className":52,"code":29414,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29416,29417,29461,29465,29479,29498,29502,29524,29543,29547],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29418,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29420,9170],{"class":65},[59,29422,70],{"class":69},[59,29424,10491],{"class":73},[59,29426,78],{"class":77},[59,29428,354],{"class":81},[59,29430,78],{"class":77},[59,29432,1002],{"class":73},[59,29434,5506],{"class":178},[59,29436,87],{"class":73},[59,29438,90],{"class":77},[59,29440,442],{"class":81},[59,29442,78],{"class":77},[59,29444,1002],{"class":73},[59,29446,3009],{"class":178},[59,29448,87],{"class":73},[59,29450,90],{"class":77},[59,29452,451],{"class":81},[59,29454,78],{"class":77},[59,29456,1002],{"class":73},[59,29458,2469],{"class":178},[59,29460,9309],{"class":73},[59,29462,29463],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29464,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29468,28528],{"class":65},[59,29470,70],{"class":69},[59,29472,14566],{"class":65},[59,29474,358],{"class":73},[59,29476,28537],{"class":142},[59,29478,8647],{"class":73},[59,29480,29481,29483,29485,29487,29490,29492,29494,29496],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,29482,715],{"class":135},[59,29484,139],{"class":73},[59,29486,78],{"class":77},[59,29488,29489],{"class":81},"popitem():",[59,29491,78],{"class":77},[59,29493,87],{"class":73},[59,29495,1312],{"class":142},[59,29497,165],{"class":73},[59,29499,29500],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,29501,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29503,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,29505,2464],{"class":65},[59,29507,70],{"class":69},[59,29509,14566],{"class":65},[59,29511,358],{"class":73},[59,29513,26231],{"class":142},[59,29515,139],{"class":73},[59,29517,78],{"class":77},[59,29519,354],{"class":81},[59,29521,78],{"class":77},[59,29523,165],{"class":73},[59,29525,29526,29528,29530,29532,29535,29537,29539,29541],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,29527,715],{"class":135},[59,29529,139],{"class":73},[59,29531,78],{"class":77},[59,29533,29534],{"class":81},"pop('a'):",[59,29536,78],{"class":77},[59,29538,87],{"class":73},[59,29540,1196],{"class":142},[59,29542,165],{"class":73},[59,29544,29545],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,29546,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29548,29549,29551,29553,29555],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,29550,715],{"class":135},[59,29552,139],{"class":73},[59,29554,9208],{"class":142},[59,29556,165],{"class":73},[20,29558,29559],{},[549,29560,168],{},[50,29562,29564],{"className":52,"code":29563,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29565,29566,29587,29604],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29567,29568,29570,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29569,28537],{"class":142},[59,29571,29572],{"class":73},"():",[59,29574,747],{"class":73},[59,29576,1725],{"class":77},[59,29578,451],{"class":81},[59,29580,1725],{"class":77},[59,29582,87],{"class":73},[59,29584,2469],{"class":178},[59,29586,165],{"class":73},[59,29588,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29590,26231],{"class":142},[59,29592,139],{"class":73},[59,29594,1725],{"class":77},[59,29596,354],{"class":81},[59,29598,1725],{"class":77},[59,29600,16452],{"class":73},[59,29602,29603],{"class":178}," 1\n",[59,29605,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29607,893],{"class":73},[59,29609,1725],{"class":77},[59,29611,442],{"class":81},[59,29613,1725],{"class":77},[59,29615,1002],{"class":73},[59,29617,3009],{"class":178},[59,29619,9309],{"class":73},[20,29621,201,29622,29626],{},[354,29623,29624],{"href":12569},[15,29625,12765],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29628,201,29629,29631],{},[15,29630,12772],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[45,29633,29635],{"id":29634},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29637,29638,29639,29641],{},"Calling ",[15,29640,12772],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[50,29643,29645],{"className":52,"code":29644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29646,29647,29655],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29648,29649,29651,29653],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29650,9170],{"class":65},[59,29652,70],{"class":69},[59,29654,9838],{"class":73},[59,29656,29657,29659,29661,29663],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29658,9208],{"class":65},[59,29660,358],{"class":73},[59,29662,28537],{"class":142},[59,29664,8647],{"class":73},[20,29666,29667],{},[549,29668,29669],{},"Error:",[50,29671,29673],{"className":52,"code":29672,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29674,29675],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29676,29677,29679,29681,29683,29686],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29678,19686],{"class":697},[59,29680,1002],{"class":73},[59,29682,1734],{"class":77},[59,29684,29685],{"class":81},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[59,29687,29688],{"class":77},"'\n",[1127,29690,29692],{"id":29691},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[50,29694,29696],{"className":52,"code":29695,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29697,29698,29706,29710,29718,29733,29743,29749],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29699,29700,29702,29704],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29701,9170],{"class":65},[59,29703,70],{"class":69},[59,29705,9838],{"class":73},[59,29707,29708],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29709,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29711,29712,29714,29716],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29713,7004],{"class":120},[59,29715,14566],{"class":65},[59,29717,1561],{"class":73},[59,29719,29720,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,29721,29722],{"class":65},"    item ",[59,29724,70],{"class":69},[59,29726,14566],{"class":65},[59,29728,358],{"class":73},[59,29730,28537],{"class":142},[59,29732,8647],{"class":73},[59,29734,29735,29737,29739,29741],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,29736,152],{"class":135},[59,29738,139],{"class":73},[59,29740,23304],{"class":142},[59,29742,165],{"class":73},[59,29744,29745,29747],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,29746,27424],{"class":120},[59,29748,1561],{"class":73},[59,29750,29751,29753,29755,29757,29760,29762],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,29752,152],{"class":135},[59,29754,139],{"class":73},[59,29756,78],{"class":77},[59,29758,29759],{"class":81},"Dictionary is empty",[59,29761,78],{"class":77},[59,29763,165],{"class":73},[1127,29765,29767,29768],{"id":29766},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29769,29770],{},"try-except",[50,29772,29774],{"className":52,"code":29773,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29775,29776,29784,29788,29795,29809,29819,29829],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29777,29778,29780,29782],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29779,9170],{"class":65},[59,29781,70],{"class":69},[59,29783,9838],{"class":73},[59,29785,29786],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29787,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29789,29790,29793],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29791,29792],{"class":120},"try",[59,29794,1561],{"class":73},[59,29796,29797,29799,29801,29803,29805,29807],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,29798,29722],{"class":65},[59,29800,70],{"class":69},[59,29802,14566],{"class":65},[59,29804,358],{"class":73},[59,29806,28537],{"class":142},[59,29808,8647],{"class":73},[59,29810,29811,29813,29815,29817],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,29812,152],{"class":135},[59,29814,139],{"class":73},[59,29816,23304],{"class":142},[59,29818,165],{"class":73},[59,29820,29821,29824,29827],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,29822,29823],{"class":120},"except",[59,29825,29826],{"class":697}," KeyError",[59,29828,1561],{"class":73},[59,29830,29831,29833,29835,29837,29840,29842],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,29832,152],{"class":135},[59,29834,139],{"class":73},[59,29836,78],{"class":77},[59,29838,29839],{"class":81},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[59,29841,78],{"class":77},[59,29843,165],{"class":73},[20,29845,29846,29847,358],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[354,29848,25669,29850],{"href":29849},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29851,29852],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[45,29854,776,29856],{"id":29855},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29857,12772],{},[20,29859,29860,29862],{},[15,29861,12772],{}," is useful when:",[29,29864,29865,29868,29871],{},[32,29866,29867],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[32,29869,29870],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[32,29872,29873],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29875,29876],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[50,29878,29880],{"className":52,"code":29879,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29881,29882,29890,29910,29930,29948,29952,29956,29966,29985],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,29883,29884,29886,29888],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,29885,812],{"class":65},[59,29887,70],{"class":69},[59,29889,11496],{"class":73},[59,29891,29892,29894,29897,29899,29901,29903,29906,29908],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,29893,11501],{"class":77},[59,29895,29896],{"class":81},"first",[59,29898,78],{"class":77},[59,29900,1002],{"class":73},[59,29902,90],{"class":77},[59,29904,29905],{"class":81},"wash dishes",[59,29907,78],{"class":77},[59,29909,11517],{"class":73},[59,29911,29912,29914,29917,29919,29921,29923,29926,29928],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,29913,11501],{"class":77},[59,29915,29916],{"class":81},"second",[59,29918,78],{"class":77},[59,29920,1002],{"class":73},[59,29922,90],{"class":77},[59,29924,29925],{"class":81},"do homework",[59,29927,78],{"class":77},[59,29929,11517],{"class":73},[59,29931,29932,29934,29937,29939,29941,29943,29946],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,29933,11501],{"class":77},[59,29935,29936],{"class":81},"third",[59,29938,78],{"class":77},[59,29940,1002],{"class":73},[59,29942,90],{"class":77},[59,29944,29945],{"class":81},"read book",[59,29947,3374],{"class":77},[59,29949,29950],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,29951,9309],{"class":73},[59,29953,29954],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,29955,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,29957,29958,29961,29964],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,29959,29960],{"class":120},"while",[59,29962,29963],{"class":65}," tasks",[59,29965,1561],{"class":73},[59,29967,29968,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,29969,29970],{"class":65},"    key",[59,29972,87],{"class":73},[59,29974,1173],{"class":65},[59,29976,70],{"class":69},[59,29978,29963],{"class":65},[59,29980,358],{"class":73},[59,29982,28537],{"class":142},[59,29984,8647],{"class":73},[59,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009,30011],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,29988,152],{"class":135},[59,29990,139],{"class":73},[59,29992,888],{"class":887},[59,29994,78],{"class":81},[59,29996,893],{"class":178},[59,29998,14841],{"class":142},[59,30000,899],{"class":178},[59,30002,22301],{"class":81},[59,30004,893],{"class":178},[59,30006,1217],{"class":142},[59,30008,899],{"class":178},[59,30010,78],{"class":81},[59,30012,165],{"class":73},[20,30014,30015],{},[549,30016,30017],{},"Possible output:",[50,30019,30021],{"className":52,"code":30020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30022,30023,30032,30041],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30024,30025,30027,30029],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30026,29936],{"class":65},[59,30028,1002],{"class":73},[59,30030,30031],{"class":65}," read book\n",[59,30033,30034,30036,30038],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30035,29916],{"class":65},[59,30037,1002],{"class":73},[59,30039,30040],{"class":65}," do homework\n",[59,30042,30043,30045,30047],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30044,29896],{"class":65},[59,30046,1002],{"class":73},[59,30048,30049],{"class":65}," wash dishes\n",[20,30051,1397,30052,30054],{},[15,30053,12772],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[45,30056,1579],{"id":1578},[20,30058,14733,30059,1002],{},[15,30060,12772],{},[29,30062,30063,30077,30096,30107],{},[32,30064,30065,30070],{},[549,30066,29638,30067,30069],{},[15,30068,12772],{}," on an empty dictionary",[29,30071,30072],{},[32,30073,30074,30075,358],{},"This raises ",[15,30076,19686],{},[32,30078,30079,30084],{},[549,30080,8456,30081,30083],{},[15,30082,12772],{}," to remove a specific key",[29,30085,30086,30089],{},[32,30087,30088],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[32,30090,201,30091,30095],{},[354,30092,30093],{"href":12569},[15,30094,12765],{}," if you need that.",[32,30097,30098,30102],{},[549,30099,4721,30100,27690],{},[15,30101,12772],{},[29,30103,30104],{},[32,30105,30106],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[32,30108,30109,30112],{},[549,30110,30111],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[29,30113,30114],{},[32,30115,30116,21972,30118,30120],{},[15,30117,12772],{},[15,30119,21653],{}," tuple.",[20,30122,30123],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[50,30125,30127],{"className":52,"code":30126,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30128,30129,30139,30153,30157,30171],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30130,30131,30133,30135,30137],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30132,715],{"class":135},[59,30134,139],{"class":73},[59,30136,11452],{"class":142},[59,30138,165],{"class":73},[59,30140,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30142,715],{"class":135},[59,30144,139],{"class":73},[59,30146,11163],{"class":135},[59,30148,139],{"class":73},[59,30150,11452],{"class":142},[59,30152,710],{"class":73},[59,30154,30155],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30156,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,30158,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,30160,28528],{"class":65},[59,30162,70],{"class":69},[59,30164,11768],{"class":65},[59,30166,358],{"class":73},[59,30168,28537],{"class":142},[59,30170,8647],{"class":73},[59,30172,30173,30175,30177,30179],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,30174,715],{"class":135},[59,30176,139],{"class":73},[59,30178,23304],{"class":142},[59,30180,165],{"class":73},[20,30182,30183],{},"Or with unpacking:",[50,30185,30187],{"className":52,"code":30186,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30188,30189,30207,30217],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30190,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30192,14841],{"class":65},[59,30194,87],{"class":73},[59,30196,1173],{"class":65},[59,30198,70],{"class":69},[59,30200,11768],{"class":65},[59,30202,358],{"class":73},[59,30204,28537],{"class":142},[59,30206,8647],{"class":73},[59,30208,30209,30211,30213,30215],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30210,715],{"class":135},[59,30212,139],{"class":73},[59,30214,14841],{"class":142},[59,30216,165],{"class":73},[59,30218,30219,30221,30223,30225],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30220,715],{"class":135},[59,30222,139],{"class":73},[59,30224,1217],{"class":142},[59,30226,165],{"class":73},[45,30228,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,30230,1872,30232,1875],{"id":30231},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30233,12772],{},[20,30235,30236,30237,358],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30238,30239],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1127,30241,1882,30243,30245],{"id":30242},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30244,12772],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30247,30248],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1127,30250,30252,30253,30255],{"id":30251},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30254,12772],{}," removes?",[20,30257,30258,30259,30263],{},"No. Use ",[354,30260,30261],{"href":12569},[15,30262,12765],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1127,30265,1882,30267,14896],{"id":30266},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30268,12772],{},[20,30270,30271],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1127,30273,30275,30276,30278],{"id":30274},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30277,12772],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30280,30281,30282,30284,30285,358],{},"It raises ",[15,30283,19686],{}," with the message ",[15,30286,29685],{},[45,30288,1927],{"id":1926},[29,30290,30291,30298,30304,30310,30316,30323,30327,30331],{},[32,30292,30293],{},[354,30294,30295,30297],{"href":12569},[15,30296,12765],{}," method for dictionaries",[32,30299,30300],{},[354,30301,30302,30297],{"href":17075},[15,30303,17078],{},[32,30305,30306],{},[354,30307,30308,30297],{"href":17062},[15,30309,17065],{},[32,30311,30312],{},[354,30313,30314,30297],{"href":17068},[15,30315,17071],{},[32,30317,30318],{},[354,30319,30321,30297],{"href":30320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30322,11323],{},[32,30324,30325],{},[354,30326,12789],{"href":12576},[32,30328,30329],{},[354,30330,21456],{"href":16597},[32,30332,30333],{},[354,30334,30335,30336],{"href":29849},"Fix ",[15,30337,29852],{},[1953,30339,30340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":30342},[30343,30344,30346,30347,30348,30349,30350,30351,30356,30361,30363,30364,30376],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":28624,"depth":110,"text":30345},"What popitem() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":28694,"depth":110,"text":28695},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":29047,"depth":110,"text":29048},{"id":29238,"depth":110,"text":29239},{"id":29366,"depth":110,"text":30352,"children":30353},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30354,30355],{"id":28537,"depth":117,"text":12772},{"id":26231,"depth":117,"text":12765},{"id":29634,"depth":110,"text":29635,"children":30357},[30358,30359],{"id":29691,"depth":117,"text":29692},{"id":29766,"depth":117,"text":30360},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29855,"depth":110,"text":30362},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":30365},[30366,30368,30370,30372,30374],{"id":30231,"depth":117,"text":30367},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30242,"depth":117,"text":30369},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30251,"depth":117,"text":30371},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30266,"depth":117,"text":30373},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30274,"depth":117,"text":30375},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28363,"description":30377},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30384,"title":30385,"body":30386,"description":32289,"extension":1988,"meta":32290,"navigation":113,"path":14032,"seo":32291,"stem":32292,"__hash__":32293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30387,"toc":32261},[30388,30393,30398,30401,30403,30500,30505,30510,30515,30518,30526,30529,30544,30546,30646,30648,30705,30709,30711,30714,30734,30739,30750,30753,30780,30783,30785,30842,30844,30865,30871,30876,30879,30890,30892,31000,31002,31055,31057,31069,31076,31082,31087,31090,31178,31180,31225,31228,31236,31239,31242,31311,31314,31317,31321,31324,31395,31397,31450,31453,31456,31459,31474,31477,31489,31492,31555,31557,31563,31565,31567,31646,31648,31689,31691,31756,31758,31795,31800,31805,31809,31823,31826,31949,31951,32036,32041,32043,32047,32069,32072,32152,32155,32174,32179,32181,32187,32192,32198,32201,32207,32210,32216,32221,32227,32233,32235,32258],[10,30389,11320,30391,11324],{"id":30390},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30392,14954],{},[20,30394,2005,30395,30397],{},[15,30396,14954],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30399,30400],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[45,30402,48],{"id":47},[50,30404,30406],{"className":52,"code":30405,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30407,30408,30444,30485,30495],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30409,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30411,13203],{"class":65},[59,30413,70],{"class":69},[59,30415,10491],{"class":73},[59,30417,78],{"class":77},[59,30419,7676],{"class":81},[59,30421,78],{"class":77},[59,30423,1002],{"class":73},[59,30425,90],{"class":77},[59,30427,258],{"class":81},[59,30429,78],{"class":77},[59,30431,87],{"class":73},[59,30433,90],{"class":77},[59,30435,9299],{"class":81},[59,30437,78],{"class":77},[59,30439,1002],{"class":73},[59,30441,676],{"class":178},[59,30443,9309],{"class":73},[59,30445,30446,30448,30450,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30447,17307],{"class":65},[59,30449,358],{"class":73},[59,30451,30452],{"class":142},"update",[59,30454,5538],{"class":73},[59,30456,78],{"class":77},[59,30458,9299],{"class":81},[59,30460,78],{"class":77},[59,30462,1002],{"class":73},[59,30464,30465],{"class":178}," 21",[59,30467,87],{"class":73},[59,30469,90],{"class":77},[59,30471,10409],{"class":81},[59,30473,78],{"class":77},[59,30475,1002],{"class":73},[59,30477,90],{"class":77},[59,30479,16031],{"class":81},[59,30481,78],{"class":77},[59,30483,30484],{"class":73},"})\n",[59,30486,30487,30489,30491,30493],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30488,715],{"class":135},[59,30490,139],{"class":73},[59,30492,17307],{"class":142},[59,30494,165],{"class":73},[59,30496,30497],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,30498,30499],{"class":3678},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30501,201,30502,30504],{},[15,30503,14954],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[45,30506,208,30508,211],{"id":30507},"what-update-does",[15,30509,14954],{},[20,30511,30512,30514],{},[15,30513,14954],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30516,30517],{},"It can do two main things:",[29,30519,30520,30523],{},[32,30521,30522],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[32,30524,30525],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30527,30528],{},"Important things to know:",[29,30530,30531,30534,30537,30541],{},[32,30532,30533],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[32,30535,30536],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[32,30538,5159,30539],{},[15,30540,3792],{},[32,30542,30543],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30545,239],{},[50,30547,30549],{"className":52,"code":30548,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30550,30551,30593,30636],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30552,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30589,30591],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30554,12866],{"class":65},[59,30556,70],{"class":69},[59,30558,10491],{"class":73},[59,30560,78],{"class":77},[59,30562,7676],{"class":81},[59,30564,78],{"class":77},[59,30566,1002],{"class":73},[59,30568,90],{"class":77},[59,30570,30571],{"class":81},"Mira",[59,30573,78],{"class":77},[59,30575,87],{"class":73},[59,30577,90],{"class":77},[59,30579,19890],{"class":81},[59,30581,78],{"class":77},[59,30583,1002],{"class":73},[59,30585,90],{"class":77},[59,30587,30588],{"class":81},"B",[59,30590,78],{"class":77},[59,30592,9309],{"class":73},[59,30594,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30632,30634],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30596,13625],{"class":65},[59,30598,358],{"class":73},[59,30600,30452],{"class":142},[59,30602,5538],{"class":73},[59,30604,78],{"class":77},[59,30606,19890],{"class":81},[59,30608,78],{"class":77},[59,30610,1002],{"class":73},[59,30612,90],{"class":77},[59,30614,22242],{"class":81},[59,30616,78],{"class":77},[59,30618,87],{"class":73},[59,30620,90],{"class":77},[59,30622,10409],{"class":81},[59,30624,78],{"class":77},[59,30626,1002],{"class":73},[59,30628,90],{"class":77},[59,30630,30631],{"class":81},"Quito",[59,30633,78],{"class":77},[59,30635,30484],{"class":73},[59,30637,30638,30640,30642,30644],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30639,715],{"class":135},[59,30641,139],{"class":73},[59,30643,13625],{"class":142},[59,30645,165],{"class":73},[20,30647,168],{},[50,30649,30651],{"className":52,"code":30650,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30652,30653],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30654,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30656,893],{"class":73},[59,30658,1725],{"class":77},[59,30660,7676],{"class":81},[59,30662,1725],{"class":77},[59,30664,1002],{"class":73},[59,30666,1734],{"class":77},[59,30668,30571],{"class":81},[59,30670,1725],{"class":77},[59,30672,87],{"class":73},[59,30674,1734],{"class":77},[59,30676,19890],{"class":81},[59,30678,1725],{"class":77},[59,30680,1002],{"class":73},[59,30682,1734],{"class":77},[59,30684,22242],{"class":81},[59,30686,1725],{"class":77},[59,30688,87],{"class":73},[59,30690,1734],{"class":77},[59,30692,10409],{"class":81},[59,30694,1725],{"class":77},[59,30696,1002],{"class":73},[59,30698,1734],{"class":77},[59,30700,30631],{"class":81},[59,30702,1725],{"class":77},[59,30704,9309],{"class":73},[20,30706,9156,30707,358],{},[354,30708,24621],{"href":9391},[45,30710,362],{"id":361},[20,30712,30713],{},"The basic form is:",[50,30715,30717],{"className":52,"code":30716,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30718,30719],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30720,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30732],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30722,15605],{"class":65},[59,30724,358],{"class":73},[59,30726,30452],{"class":142},[59,30728,139],{"class":73},[59,30730,30731],{"class":142},"other",[59,30733,165],{"class":73},[20,30735,30736,30738],{},[15,30737,30731],{}," can be:",[29,30740,30741,30744,30747],{},[32,30742,30743],{},"Another dictionary",[32,30745,30746],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[32,30748,30749],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30751,30752],{},"You can also use:",[50,30754,30756],{"className":52,"code":30755,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30757,30758],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30759,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30761,15605],{"class":65},[59,30763,358],{"class":73},[59,30765,30452],{"class":142},[59,30767,139],{"class":73},[59,30769,7676],{"class":385},[59,30771,70],{"class":69},[59,30773,78],{"class":77},[59,30775,7685],{"class":81},[59,30777,78],{"class":77},[59,30779,165],{"class":73},[20,30781,30782],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30784,239],{},[50,30786,30788],{"className":52,"code":30787,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30789,30790,30810,30832],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30791,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30793,9170],{"class":65},[59,30795,70],{"class":69},[59,30797,10491],{"class":73},[59,30799,78],{"class":77},[59,30801,354],{"class":81},[59,30803,78],{"class":77},[59,30805,1002],{"class":73},[59,30807,5506],{"class":178},[59,30809,9309],{"class":73},[59,30811,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30813,9208],{"class":65},[59,30815,358],{"class":73},[59,30817,30452],{"class":142},[59,30819,5538],{"class":73},[59,30821,78],{"class":77},[59,30823,354],{"class":81},[59,30825,78],{"class":77},[59,30827,1002],{"class":73},[59,30829,741],{"class":178},[59,30831,30484],{"class":73},[59,30833,30834,30836,30838,30840],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30835,715],{"class":135},[59,30837,139],{"class":73},[59,30839,9208],{"class":142},[59,30841,165],{"class":73},[20,30843,168],{},[50,30845,30847],{"className":52,"code":30846,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30848,30849],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30850,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30852,893],{"class":73},[59,30854,1725],{"class":77},[59,30856,354],{"class":81},[59,30858,1725],{"class":77},[59,30860,1002],{"class":73},[59,30862,741],{"class":178},[59,30864,9309],{"class":73},[45,30866,1599,30868,30870],{"id":30867},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30869,14954],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30872,30873,30874,358],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30875,14954],{},[20,30877,30878],{},"It is useful when:",[29,30880,30881,30884,30887],{},[32,30882,30883],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[32,30885,30886],{},"Adding extra settings",[32,30888,30889],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30891,239],{},[50,30893,30895],{"className":52,"code":30894,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30896,30897,30934,30971,30975,30990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,30898,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30932],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,30900,13825],{"class":65},[59,30902,70],{"class":69},[59,30904,10491],{"class":73},[59,30906,78],{"class":77},[59,30908,12497],{"class":81},[59,30910,78],{"class":77},[59,30912,1002],{"class":73},[59,30914,90],{"class":77},[59,30916,20927],{"class":81},[59,30918,78],{"class":77},[59,30920,87],{"class":73},[59,30922,90],{"class":77},[59,30924,13850],{"class":81},[59,30926,78],{"class":77},[59,30928,1002],{"class":73},[59,30930,30931],{"class":178}," 12",[59,30933,9309],{"class":73},[59,30935,30936,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,30937,30938],{"class":65},"new_settings ",[59,30940,70],{"class":69},[59,30942,10491],{"class":73},[59,30944,78],{"class":77},[59,30946,13850],{"class":81},[59,30948,78],{"class":77},[59,30950,1002],{"class":73},[59,30952,13857],{"class":178},[59,30954,87],{"class":73},[59,30956,90],{"class":77},[59,30958,20122],{"class":81},[59,30960,78],{"class":77},[59,30962,1002],{"class":73},[59,30964,90],{"class":77},[59,30966,20156],{"class":81},[59,30968,78],{"class":77},[59,30970,9309],{"class":73},[59,30972,30973],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,30974,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,30976,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30988],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,30978,13884],{"class":65},[59,30980,358],{"class":73},[59,30982,30452],{"class":142},[59,30984,139],{"class":73},[59,30986,30987],{"class":142},"new_settings",[59,30989,165],{"class":73},[59,30991,30992,30994,30996,30998],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,30993,715],{"class":135},[59,30995,139],{"class":73},[59,30997,13884],{"class":142},[59,30999,165],{"class":73},[20,31001,168],{},[50,31003,31005],{"className":52,"code":31004,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31006,31007],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31008,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31010,893],{"class":73},[59,31012,1725],{"class":77},[59,31014,12497],{"class":81},[59,31016,1725],{"class":77},[59,31018,1002],{"class":73},[59,31020,1734],{"class":77},[59,31022,20927],{"class":81},[59,31024,1725],{"class":77},[59,31026,87],{"class":73},[59,31028,1734],{"class":77},[59,31030,13850],{"class":81},[59,31032,1725],{"class":77},[59,31034,1002],{"class":73},[59,31036,13857],{"class":178},[59,31038,87],{"class":73},[59,31040,1734],{"class":77},[59,31042,20122],{"class":81},[59,31044,1725],{"class":77},[59,31046,1002],{"class":73},[59,31048,1734],{"class":77},[59,31050,20156],{"class":81},[59,31052,1725],{"class":77},[59,31054,9309],{"class":73},[20,31056,13408],{},[29,31058,31059,31064],{},[32,31060,31061,31063],{},[15,31062,13850],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[32,31065,31066,31068],{},[15,31067,20122],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31070,31071,31072,358],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[354,31073,31075],{"href":31074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[45,31077,1599,31079,31081],{"id":31078},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31080,14954],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31083,31084,31086],{},[15,31085,14954],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31088,31089],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[50,31091,31093],{"className":52,"code":31092,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31094,31095,31115,31150,31154,31168],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31096,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31098,5077],{"class":65},[59,31100,70],{"class":69},[59,31102,10491],{"class":73},[59,31104,78],{"class":77},[59,31106,18415],{"class":81},[59,31108,78],{"class":77},[59,31110,1002],{"class":73},[59,31112,19897],{"class":178},[59,31114,9309],{"class":73},[59,31116,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31142,31144,31146,31148],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31118,9219],{"class":65},[59,31120,70],{"class":69},[59,31122,9224],{"class":73},[59,31124,78],{"class":77},[59,31126,18424],{"class":81},[59,31128,78],{"class":77},[59,31130,87],{"class":73},[59,31132,13506],{"class":178},[59,31134,744],{"class":73},[59,31136,747],{"class":73},[59,31138,78],{"class":77},[59,31140,31141],{"class":81},"english",[59,31143,78],{"class":77},[59,31145,87],{"class":73},[59,31147,28910],{"class":178},[59,31149,766],{"class":73},[59,31151,31152],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31153,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31155,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,31157,16389],{"class":65},[59,31159,358],{"class":73},[59,31161,30452],{"class":142},[59,31163,139],{"class":73},[59,31165,9263],{"class":142},[59,31167,165],{"class":73},[59,31169,31170,31172,31174,31176],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,31171,715],{"class":135},[59,31173,139],{"class":73},[59,31175,16389],{"class":142},[59,31177,165],{"class":73},[20,31179,168],{},[50,31181,31183],{"className":52,"code":31182,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31184,31185],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31186,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31188,893],{"class":73},[59,31190,1725],{"class":77},[59,31192,18415],{"class":81},[59,31194,1725],{"class":77},[59,31196,1002],{"class":73},[59,31198,19897],{"class":178},[59,31200,87],{"class":73},[59,31202,1734],{"class":77},[59,31204,18424],{"class":81},[59,31206,1725],{"class":77},[59,31208,1002],{"class":73},[59,31210,13506],{"class":178},[59,31212,87],{"class":73},[59,31214,1734],{"class":77},[59,31216,31141],{"class":81},[59,31218,1725],{"class":77},[59,31220,1002],{"class":73},[59,31222,28910],{"class":178},[59,31224,9309],{"class":73},[20,31226,31227],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[29,31229,31230,31233],{},[32,31231,31232],{},"The key",[32,31234,31235],{},"The value",[20,31237,31238],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31240,31241],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[50,31243,31245],{"className":52,"code":31244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31246,31247,31267,31292,31296],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31248,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31250,9170],{"class":65},[59,31252,70],{"class":69},[59,31254,10491],{"class":73},[59,31256,78],{"class":77},[59,31258,354],{"class":81},[59,31260,78],{"class":77},[59,31262,1002],{"class":73},[59,31264,5506],{"class":178},[59,31266,9309],{"class":73},[59,31268,31269,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31270,31271],{"class":65},"bad_pairs ",[59,31273,70],{"class":69},[59,31275,9224],{"class":73},[59,31277,78],{"class":77},[59,31279,442],{"class":81},[59,31281,78],{"class":77},[59,31283,87],{"class":73},[59,31285,3009],{"class":178},[59,31287,87],{"class":73},[59,31289,2469],{"class":178},[59,31291,766],{"class":73},[59,31293,31294],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31295,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31297,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31309],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,31299,9208],{"class":65},[59,31301,358],{"class":73},[59,31303,30452],{"class":142},[59,31305,139],{"class":73},[59,31307,31308],{"class":142},"bad_pairs",[59,31310,165],{"class":73},[20,31312,31313],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31315,31316],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[45,31318,31320],{"id":31319},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31322,31323],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[50,31325,31327],{"className":52,"code":31326,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31328,31329,31353,31385],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31330,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31332,11491],{"class":65},[59,31334,70],{"class":69},[59,31336,10491],{"class":73},[59,31338,78],{"class":77},[59,31340,7676],{"class":81},[59,31342,78],{"class":77},[59,31344,1002],{"class":73},[59,31346,90],{"class":77},[59,31348,28903],{"class":81},[59,31350,78],{"class":77},[59,31352,9309],{"class":73},[59,31354,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31374,31376,31378,31381,31383],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31356,11585],{"class":65},[59,31358,358],{"class":73},[59,31360,30452],{"class":142},[59,31362,139],{"class":73},[59,31364,9299],{"class":385},[59,31366,70],{"class":69},[59,31368,9197],{"class":178},[59,31370,87],{"class":73},[59,31372,31373],{"class":385}," city",[59,31375,70],{"class":69},[59,31377,78],{"class":77},[59,31379,31380],{"class":81},"Madrid",[59,31382,78],{"class":77},[59,31384,165],{"class":73},[59,31386,31387,31389,31391,31393],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31388,715],{"class":135},[59,31390,139],{"class":73},[59,31392,11585],{"class":142},[59,31394,165],{"class":73},[20,31396,168],{},[50,31398,31400],{"className":52,"code":31399,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31401,31402],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31403,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31405,893],{"class":73},[59,31407,1725],{"class":77},[59,31409,7676],{"class":81},[59,31411,1725],{"class":77},[59,31413,1002],{"class":73},[59,31415,1734],{"class":77},[59,31417,28903],{"class":81},[59,31419,1725],{"class":77},[59,31421,87],{"class":73},[59,31423,1734],{"class":77},[59,31425,9299],{"class":81},[59,31427,1725],{"class":77},[59,31429,1002],{"class":73},[59,31431,9306],{"class":178},[59,31433,87],{"class":73},[59,31435,1734],{"class":77},[59,31437,10409],{"class":81},[59,31439,1725],{"class":77},[59,31441,1002],{"class":73},[59,31443,1734],{"class":77},[59,31445,31380],{"class":81},[59,31447,1725],{"class":77},[59,31449,9309],{"class":73},[20,31451,31452],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31454,31455],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31457,31458],{},"These work:",[29,31460,31461,31465,31469],{},[32,31462,31463],{},[15,31464,9299],{},[32,31466,31467],{},[15,31468,10409],{},[32,31470,31471],{},[15,31472,31473],{},"first_name",[20,31475,31476],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[29,31478,31479,31484],{},[32,31480,31481],{},[15,31482,31483],{},"\"first name\"",[32,31485,31486],{},[15,31487,31488],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31490,31491],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[50,31493,31495],{"className":52,"code":31494,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31496,31497,31505,31545],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31498,31499,31501,31503],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31500,11491],{"class":65},[59,31502,70],{"class":69},[59,31504,9838],{"class":73},[59,31506,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31536,31538,31540,31543],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31508,11585],{"class":65},[59,31510,358],{"class":73},[59,31512,30452],{"class":142},[59,31514,5538],{"class":73},[59,31516,78],{"class":77},[59,31518,10513],{"class":81},[59,31520,78],{"class":77},[59,31522,1002],{"class":73},[59,31524,90],{"class":77},[59,31526,28903],{"class":81},[59,31528,78],{"class":77},[59,31530,87],{"class":73},[59,31532,90],{"class":77},[59,31534,31535],{"class":81},"user-id",[59,31537,78],{"class":77},[59,31539,1002],{"class":73},[59,31541,31542],{"class":178}," 1001",[59,31544,30484],{"class":73},[59,31546,31547,31549,31551,31553],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31548,715],{"class":135},[59,31550,139],{"class":73},[59,31552,11585],{"class":142},[59,31554,165],{"class":73},[45,31556,17419],{"id":17418},[20,31558,31559,2414,31561,358],{},[15,31560,14954],{},[15,31562,3792],{},[20,31564,14048],{},[20,31566,24701],{},[50,31568,31570],{"className":52,"code":31569,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31571,31572,31596,31622,31626,31636],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31575,13203],{"class":65},[59,31577,70],{"class":69},[59,31579,10491],{"class":73},[59,31581,78],{"class":77},[59,31583,7676],{"class":81},[59,31585,78],{"class":77},[59,31587,1002],{"class":73},[59,31589,90],{"class":77},[59,31591,258],{"class":81},[59,31593,78],{"class":77},[59,31595,9309],{"class":73},[59,31597,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31599,692],{"class":65},[59,31601,70],{"class":69},[59,31603,13246],{"class":65},[59,31605,358],{"class":73},[59,31607,30452],{"class":142},[59,31609,5538],{"class":73},[59,31611,78],{"class":77},[59,31613,9299],{"class":81},[59,31615,78],{"class":77},[59,31617,1002],{"class":73},[59,31619,676],{"class":178},[59,31621,30484],{"class":73},[59,31623,31624],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31625,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31627,31628,31630,31632,31634],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,31629,715],{"class":135},[59,31631,139],{"class":73},[59,31633,720],{"class":142},[59,31635,165],{"class":73},[59,31637,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,31639,715],{"class":135},[59,31641,139],{"class":73},[59,31643,17307],{"class":142},[59,31645,165],{"class":73},[20,31647,168],{},[50,31649,31651],{"className":52,"code":31650,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31652,31653,31657],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31654,31655],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31656,11810],{"class":3867},[59,31658,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31660,893],{"class":73},[59,31662,1725],{"class":77},[59,31664,7676],{"class":81},[59,31666,1725],{"class":77},[59,31668,1002],{"class":73},[59,31670,1734],{"class":77},[59,31672,258],{"class":81},[59,31674,1725],{"class":77},[59,31676,87],{"class":73},[59,31678,1734],{"class":77},[59,31680,9299],{"class":81},[59,31682,1725],{"class":77},[59,31684,1002],{"class":73},[59,31686,676],{"class":178},[59,31688,9309],{"class":73},[20,31690,16656],{},[50,31692,31694],{"className":52,"code":31693,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31695,31696,31720,31742,31746],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31697,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31699,13203],{"class":65},[59,31701,70],{"class":69},[59,31703,10491],{"class":73},[59,31705,78],{"class":77},[59,31707,7676],{"class":81},[59,31709,78],{"class":77},[59,31711,1002],{"class":73},[59,31713,90],{"class":77},[59,31715,258],{"class":81},[59,31717,78],{"class":77},[59,31719,9309],{"class":73},[59,31721,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31723,17307],{"class":65},[59,31725,358],{"class":73},[59,31727,30452],{"class":142},[59,31729,5538],{"class":73},[59,31731,78],{"class":77},[59,31733,9299],{"class":81},[59,31735,78],{"class":77},[59,31737,1002],{"class":73},[59,31739,676],{"class":178},[59,31741,30484],{"class":73},[59,31743,31744],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31745,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31747,31748,31750,31752,31754],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,31749,715],{"class":135},[59,31751,139],{"class":73},[59,31753,17307],{"class":142},[59,31755,165],{"class":73},[20,31757,168],{},[50,31759,31761],{"className":52,"code":31760,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31762,31763],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31764,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31766,893],{"class":73},[59,31768,1725],{"class":77},[59,31770,7676],{"class":81},[59,31772,1725],{"class":77},[59,31774,1002],{"class":73},[59,31776,1734],{"class":77},[59,31778,258],{"class":81},[59,31780,1725],{"class":77},[59,31782,87],{"class":73},[59,31784,1734],{"class":77},[59,31786,9299],{"class":81},[59,31788,1725],{"class":77},[59,31790,1002],{"class":73},[59,31792,676],{"class":178},[59,31794,9309],{"class":73},[20,31796,31797,31798,358],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[354,31799,17903],{"href":10732},[45,31801,776,31803],{"id":31802},"when-to-use-update",[15,31804,14954],{},[20,31806,201,31807,10602],{},[15,31808,14954],{},[29,31810,31811,31814,31817,31820],{},[32,31812,31813],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[32,31815,31816],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[32,31818,31819],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[32,31821,31822],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31824,31825],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[50,31827,31829],{"className":52,"code":31828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31830,31831,31867,31882,31886,31925,31929,31939],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31832,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31834,12088],{"class":65},[59,31836,70],{"class":69},[59,31838,10491],{"class":73},[59,31840,78],{"class":77},[59,31842,7676],{"class":81},[59,31844,78],{"class":77},[59,31846,1002],{"class":73},[59,31848,90],{"class":77},[59,31850,258],{"class":81},[59,31852,78],{"class":77},[59,31854,87],{"class":73},[59,31856,90],{"class":77},[59,31858,9299],{"class":81},[59,31860,78],{"class":77},[59,31862,1002],{"class":73},[59,31864,676],{"class":178},[59,31866,9309],{"class":73},[59,31868,31869,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31870,31871],{"class":65},"updated ",[59,31873,70],{"class":69},[59,31875,12163],{"class":65},[59,31877,358],{"class":73},[59,31879,12913],{"class":142},[59,31881,8647],{"class":73},[59,31883,31884],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,31885,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31887,31888,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,31889,31890],{"class":65},"updated",[59,31892,358],{"class":73},[59,31894,30452],{"class":142},[59,31896,5538],{"class":73},[59,31898,78],{"class":77},[59,31900,9299],{"class":81},[59,31902,78],{"class":77},[59,31904,1002],{"class":73},[59,31906,30465],{"class":178},[59,31908,87],{"class":73},[59,31910,90],{"class":77},[59,31912,10409],{"class":81},[59,31914,78],{"class":77},[59,31916,1002],{"class":73},[59,31918,90],{"class":77},[59,31920,16031],{"class":81},[59,31922,78],{"class":77},[59,31924,30484],{"class":73},[59,31926,31927],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,31928,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,31932,715],{"class":135},[59,31934,139],{"class":73},[59,31936,12135],{"class":142},[59,31938,165],{"class":73},[59,31940,31941,31943,31945,31947],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,31942,715],{"class":135},[59,31944,139],{"class":73},[59,31946,31890],{"class":142},[59,31948,165],{"class":73},[20,31950,168],{},[50,31952,31954],{"className":52,"code":31953,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31955,31956,31988],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,31957,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,31959,893],{"class":73},[59,31961,1725],{"class":77},[59,31963,7676],{"class":81},[59,31965,1725],{"class":77},[59,31967,1002],{"class":73},[59,31969,1734],{"class":77},[59,31971,258],{"class":81},[59,31973,1725],{"class":77},[59,31975,87],{"class":73},[59,31977,1734],{"class":77},[59,31979,9299],{"class":81},[59,31981,1725],{"class":77},[59,31983,1002],{"class":73},[59,31985,676],{"class":178},[59,31987,9309],{"class":73},[59,31989,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,31991,893],{"class":73},[59,31993,1725],{"class":77},[59,31995,7676],{"class":81},[59,31997,1725],{"class":77},[59,31999,1002],{"class":73},[59,32001,1734],{"class":77},[59,32003,258],{"class":81},[59,32005,1725],{"class":77},[59,32007,87],{"class":73},[59,32009,1734],{"class":77},[59,32011,9299],{"class":81},[59,32013,1725],{"class":77},[59,32015,1002],{"class":73},[59,32017,30465],{"class":178},[59,32019,87],{"class":73},[59,32021,1734],{"class":77},[59,32023,10409],{"class":81},[59,32025,1725],{"class":77},[59,32027,1002],{"class":73},[59,32029,1734],{"class":77},[59,32031,16031],{"class":81},[59,32033,1725],{"class":77},[59,32035,9309],{"class":73},[20,32037,32038,32039,358],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[354,32040,16598],{"href":16597},[45,32042,1579],{"id":1578},[20,32044,10749,32045,1002],{},[15,32046,14954],{},[29,32048,32049,32056,32060,32063,32066],{},[32,32050,12597,32051,32053,32054],{},[15,32052,14954],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32055,3792],{},[32,32057,8456,32058,12605],{},[15,32059,14954],{},[32,32061,32062],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[32,32064,32065],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[32,32067,32068],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32070,32071],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[50,32073,32075],{"className":52,"code":32074,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32076,32077,32087,32101,32115,32137],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32078,32079,32081,32083,32085],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32080,715],{"class":135},[59,32082,139],{"class":73},[59,32084,11452],{"class":142},[59,32086,165],{"class":73},[59,32088,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32090,715],{"class":135},[59,32092,139],{"class":73},[59,32094,3239],{"class":697},[59,32096,139],{"class":73},[59,32098,9208],{"class":142},[59,32100,710],{"class":73},[59,32102,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,32104,715],{"class":135},[59,32106,139],{"class":73},[59,32108,1651],{"class":697},[59,32110,139],{"class":73},[59,32112,9208],{"class":142},[59,32114,710],{"class":73},[59,32116,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,32118,715],{"class":135},[59,32120,139],{"class":73},[59,32122,11452],{"class":142},[59,32124,358],{"class":73},[59,32126,19749],{"class":142},[59,32128,139],{"class":73},[59,32130,1725],{"class":77},[59,32132,14841],{"class":81},[59,32134,1725],{"class":77},[59,32136,710],{"class":73},[59,32138,32139,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,32140,32141],{"class":135},"help",[59,32143,139],{"class":73},[59,32145,8825],{"class":697},[59,32147,358],{"class":73},[59,32149,30452],{"class":929},[59,32151,165],{"class":73},[20,32153,32154],{},"These can help you check:",[29,32156,32157,32160,32165,32168,32171],{},[32,32158,32159],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[32,32161,32162,32163],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32164,14954],{},[32,32166,32167],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[32,32169,32170],{},"Whether a key exists",[32,32172,32173],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32175,32176,32177,358],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[354,32178,11264],{"href":11076},[45,32180,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,32182,1882,32184,32186],{"id":32183},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32185,14954],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32188,32189,32190,358],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32191,3792],{},[1127,32193,1882,32195,32197],{"id":32194},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32196,14954],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32199,32200],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1127,32202,1914,32204,32206],{"id":32203},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32205,14954],{}," add new keys?",[20,32208,32209],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1127,32211,28318,32213,32215],{"id":32212},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32214,14954],{}," with a list?",[20,32217,32218,32219,358],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32220,11096],{},[1127,32222,5190,32224,32226],{"id":32223},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32225,14954],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32228,32229,32230,32232],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32231,14954],{}," can change many keys at once.",[45,32234,1927],{"id":1926},[29,32236,32237,32241,32245,32250,32254],{},[32,32238,32239],{},[354,32240,26085],{"href":9391},[32,32242,32243],{},[354,32244,11253],{"href":10732},[32,32246,32247],{},[354,32248,32249],{"href":31074},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,32251,32252],{},[354,32253,21456],{"href":16597},[32,32255,32256],{},[354,32257,11264],{"href":11076},[1953,32259,32260],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":32262},[32263,32264,32266,32267,32269,32271,32272,32273,32275,32276,32288],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":30507,"depth":110,"text":32265},"What update() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":30867,"depth":110,"text":32268},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31078,"depth":110,"text":32270},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31319,"depth":110,"text":31320},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":31802,"depth":110,"text":32274},"When to use update()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":32277},[32278,32280,32282,32284,32286],{"id":32183,"depth":117,"text":32279},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32194,"depth":117,"text":32281},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32203,"depth":117,"text":32283},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32212,"depth":117,"text":32285},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32223,"depth":117,"text":32287},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30385,"description":32289},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32295,"title":32296,"body":32297,"description":34284,"extension":1988,"meta":34285,"navigation":113,"path":22889,"seo":34286,"stem":34287,"__hash__":34288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32298,"toc":34247},[32299,32304,32311,32314,32316,32415,32417,32472,32477,32482,32496,32501,32503,32518,32520,32534,32547,32552,32558,32565,32567,32674,32676,32725,32731,32806,32808,32829,32831,32834,32938,32940,32995,32997,33025,33029,33034,33113,33115,33135,33137,33148,33158,33162,33167,33270,33272,33297,33300,33311,33316,33325,33328,33345,33347,33434,33436,33499,33501,33524,33526,33531,33537,33542,33544,33583,33589,33592,33611,33622,33628,33631,33704,33706,33725,33730,33733,33756,33762,33765,33829,33832,33909,33916,33919,33978,33984,33986,34005,34009,34012,34063,34066,34086,34088,34149,34151,34156,34161,34166,34171,34176,34181,34187,34190,34199,34207,34209,34244],[10,32300,11320,32302,11324],{"id":32301},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32303,17071],{},[20,32305,32306,32307,32310],{},"The Python ",[15,32308,32309],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32312,32313],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[45,32315,48],{"id":47},[50,32317,32319],{"className":52,"code":32318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32320,32321,32373,32387,32391,32401],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32322,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32324,12866],{"class":65},[59,32326,70],{"class":69},[59,32328,10491],{"class":73},[59,32330,78],{"class":77},[59,32332,7676],{"class":81},[59,32334,78],{"class":77},[59,32336,1002],{"class":73},[59,32338,90],{"class":77},[59,32340,258],{"class":81},[59,32342,78],{"class":77},[59,32344,87],{"class":73},[59,32346,90],{"class":77},[59,32348,9299],{"class":81},[59,32350,78],{"class":77},[59,32352,1002],{"class":73},[59,32354,676],{"class":178},[59,32356,87],{"class":73},[59,32358,90],{"class":77},[59,32360,10409],{"class":81},[59,32362,78],{"class":77},[59,32364,1002],{"class":73},[59,32366,90],{"class":77},[59,32368,16031],{"class":81},[59,32370,78],{"class":77},[59,32372,9309],{"class":73},[59,32374,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32376,3837],{"class":65},[59,32378,70],{"class":69},[59,32380,12908],{"class":65},[59,32382,358],{"class":73},[59,32384,5366],{"class":142},[59,32386,8647],{"class":73},[59,32388,32389],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,32390,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32392,32393,32395,32397,32399],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,32394,715],{"class":135},[59,32396,139],{"class":73},[59,32398,5366],{"class":142},[59,32400,165],{"class":73},[59,32402,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,32404,715],{"class":135},[59,32406,139],{"class":73},[59,32408,1651],{"class":697},[59,32410,139],{"class":73},[59,32412,5366],{"class":142},[59,32414,710],{"class":73},[20,32416,168],{},[50,32418,32420],{"className":52,"code":32419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32421,32422,32448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32423,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32425,17037],{"class":142},[59,32427,1629],{"class":73},[59,32429,1725],{"class":77},[59,32431,258],{"class":81},[59,32433,1725],{"class":77},[59,32435,87],{"class":73},[59,32437,676],{"class":178},[59,32439,87],{"class":73},[59,32441,1734],{"class":77},[59,32443,16031],{"class":81},[59,32445,1725],{"class":77},[59,32447,3902],{"class":73},[59,32449,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32451,3914],{"class":73},[59,32453,1725],{"class":77},[59,32455,258],{"class":81},[59,32457,1725],{"class":77},[59,32459,87],{"class":73},[59,32461,676],{"class":178},[59,32463,87],{"class":73},[59,32465,1734],{"class":77},[59,32467,16031],{"class":81},[59,32469,1725],{"class":77},[59,32471,107],{"class":73},[20,32473,32474,32476],{},[15,32475,17071],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[45,32478,208,32480,211],{"id":32479},"what-values-does",[15,32481,17071],{},[29,32483,32484,32487,32490,32493],{},[32,32485,32486],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[32,32488,32489],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[32,32491,32492],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[32,32494,32495],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32497,32498,32499,358],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[354,32500,9392],{"href":9391},[45,32502,362],{"id":361},[50,32504,32506],{"className":52,"code":32505,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32507,32508],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32509,32510,32512,32514,32516],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32511,11452],{"class":65},[59,32513,358],{"class":73},[59,32515,5366],{"class":142},[59,32517,8647],{"class":73},[20,32519,13054],{},[29,32521,32522,32526,32529],{},[32,32523,32524,11468],{},[15,32525,17071],{},[32,32527,32528],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[32,32530,32531,32532],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32533,17071],{},[20,32535,32536,32537,4408,32542,358],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[354,32538,32539,32541],{"href":17062},[15,32540,17065],{}," for dictionary keys",[354,32543,32544,32546],{"href":17075},[15,32545,17078],{}," for key-value pairs",[45,32548,208,32550,542],{"id":32549},"what-values-returns",[15,32551,17071],{},[20,32553,32554,21972,32556,24756],{},[15,32555,17071],{},[15,32557,17037],{},[20,32559,32560,32561,32564],{},"This object is a ",[549,32562,32563],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32566,239],{},[50,32568,32570],{"className":52,"code":32569,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32571,32572,32608,32612,32627,32638,32642,32664],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32573,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32575,13203],{"class":65},[59,32577,70],{"class":69},[59,32579,10491],{"class":73},[59,32581,78],{"class":77},[59,32583,7676],{"class":81},[59,32585,78],{"class":77},[59,32587,1002],{"class":73},[59,32589,90],{"class":77},[59,32591,7927],{"class":81},[59,32593,78],{"class":77},[59,32595,87],{"class":73},[59,32597,90],{"class":77},[59,32599,9299],{"class":81},[59,32601,78],{"class":77},[59,32603,1002],{"class":73},[59,32605,9306],{"class":178},[59,32607,9309],{"class":73},[59,32609,32610],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32611,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32613,32614,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,32615,32616],{"class":65},"values_view ",[59,32618,70],{"class":69},[59,32620,13246],{"class":65},[59,32622,358],{"class":73},[59,32624,5366],{"class":142},[59,32626,8647],{"class":73},[59,32628,32629,32631,32633,32636],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,32630,715],{"class":135},[59,32632,139],{"class":73},[59,32634,32635],{"class":142},"values_view",[59,32637,165],{"class":73},[59,32639,32640],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,32641,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32643,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,32645,17307],{"class":65},[59,32647,3914],{"class":73},[59,32649,78],{"class":77},[59,32651,10409],{"class":81},[59,32653,78],{"class":77},[59,32655,13272],{"class":73},[59,32657,13275],{"class":69},[59,32659,90],{"class":77},[59,32661,30631],{"class":81},[59,32663,3374],{"class":77},[59,32665,32666,32668,32670,32672],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,32667,715],{"class":135},[59,32669,139],{"class":73},[59,32671,32635],{"class":142},[59,32673,165],{"class":73},[20,32675,168],{},[50,32677,32679],{"className":52,"code":32678,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32680,32681,32699],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32682,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32684,17037],{"class":142},[59,32686,1629],{"class":73},[59,32688,1725],{"class":77},[59,32690,7927],{"class":81},[59,32692,1725],{"class":77},[59,32694,87],{"class":73},[59,32696,9306],{"class":178},[59,32698,3902],{"class":73},[59,32700,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32702,17037],{"class":142},[59,32704,1629],{"class":73},[59,32706,1725],{"class":77},[59,32708,7927],{"class":81},[59,32710,1725],{"class":77},[59,32712,87],{"class":73},[59,32714,9306],{"class":178},[59,32716,87],{"class":73},[59,32718,1734],{"class":77},[59,32720,30631],{"class":81},[59,32722,1725],{"class":77},[59,32724,3902],{"class":73},[20,32726,32727,32728,358],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32729,32730],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[50,32732,32734],{"className":52,"code":32733,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32735,32736,32772,32791,32795],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32737,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32739,13203],{"class":65},[59,32741,70],{"class":69},[59,32743,10491],{"class":73},[59,32745,78],{"class":77},[59,32747,7676],{"class":81},[59,32749,78],{"class":77},[59,32751,1002],{"class":73},[59,32753,90],{"class":77},[59,32755,7927],{"class":81},[59,32757,78],{"class":77},[59,32759,87],{"class":73},[59,32761,90],{"class":77},[59,32763,9299],{"class":81},[59,32765,78],{"class":77},[59,32767,1002],{"class":73},[59,32769,9306],{"class":178},[59,32771,9309],{"class":73},[59,32773,32774,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32775,32776],{"class":65},"values_list ",[59,32778,70],{"class":69},[59,32780,698],{"class":697},[59,32782,139],{"class":73},[59,32784,17307],{"class":142},[59,32786,358],{"class":73},[59,32788,5366],{"class":142},[59,32790,7201],{"class":73},[59,32792,32793],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,32794,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32796,32797,32799,32801,32804],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,32798,715],{"class":135},[59,32800,139],{"class":73},[59,32802,32803],{"class":142},"values_list",[59,32805,165],{"class":73},[20,32807,168],{},[50,32809,32811],{"className":52,"code":32810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32812,32813],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32814,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32816,3914],{"class":73},[59,32818,1725],{"class":77},[59,32820,7927],{"class":81},[59,32822,1725],{"class":77},[59,32824,87],{"class":73},[59,32826,9306],{"class":178},[59,32828,107],{"class":73},[45,32830,11478],{"id":11477},[20,32832,32833],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[50,32835,32837],{"className":52,"code":32836,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32838,32839,32892,32896,32910,32914,32924],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32840,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32842,24788],{"class":65},[59,32844,70],{"class":69},[59,32846,10491],{"class":73},[59,32848,78],{"class":77},[59,32850,24797],{"class":81},[59,32852,78],{"class":77},[59,32854,1002],{"class":73},[59,32856,90],{"class":77},[59,32858,24806],{"class":81},[59,32860,78],{"class":77},[59,32862,87],{"class":73},[59,32864,90],{"class":77},[59,32866,24815],{"class":81},[59,32868,78],{"class":77},[59,32870,1002],{"class":73},[59,32872,32873],{"class":178}," 2022",[59,32875,87],{"class":73},[59,32877,90],{"class":77},[59,32879,1570],{"class":81},[59,32881,78],{"class":77},[59,32883,1002],{"class":73},[59,32885,90],{"class":77},[59,32887,102],{"class":81},[59,32889,78],{"class":77},[59,32891,9309],{"class":73},[59,32893,32894],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32895,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32897,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,32899,692],{"class":65},[59,32901,70],{"class":69},[59,32903,24837],{"class":65},[59,32905,358],{"class":73},[59,32907,5366],{"class":142},[59,32909,8647],{"class":73},[59,32911,32912],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,32913,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,32915,32916,32918,32920,32922],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,32917,715],{"class":135},[59,32919,139],{"class":73},[59,32921,720],{"class":142},[59,32923,165],{"class":73},[59,32925,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,32927,715],{"class":135},[59,32929,139],{"class":73},[59,32931,1651],{"class":697},[59,32933,139],{"class":73},[59,32935,720],{"class":142},[59,32937,710],{"class":73},[20,32939,168],{},[50,32941,32943],{"className":52,"code":32942,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32944,32945,32971],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,32946,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,32948,17037],{"class":142},[59,32950,1629],{"class":73},[59,32952,1725],{"class":77},[59,32954,24806],{"class":81},[59,32956,1725],{"class":77},[59,32958,87],{"class":73},[59,32960,32873],{"class":178},[59,32962,87],{"class":73},[59,32964,1734],{"class":77},[59,32966,102],{"class":81},[59,32968,1725],{"class":77},[59,32970,3902],{"class":73},[59,32972,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,32974,3914],{"class":73},[59,32976,1725],{"class":77},[59,32978,24806],{"class":81},[59,32980,1725],{"class":77},[59,32982,87],{"class":73},[59,32984,32873],{"class":178},[59,32986,87],{"class":73},[59,32988,1734],{"class":77},[59,32990,102],{"class":81},[59,32992,1725],{"class":77},[59,32994,107],{"class":73},[20,32996,11687],{},[29,32998,32999,33005,33011,33019],{},[32,33000,33001,33004],{},[15,33002,33003],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[32,33006,33007,33010],{},[15,33008,33009],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[32,33012,33013,33016,33017,1774],{},[15,33014,33015],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33018,17037],{},[32,33020,33021,33024],{},[15,33022,33023],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[45,33026,33028],{"id":33027},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33030,33031,33032,26054],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33033,121],{},[50,33035,33037],{"className":52,"code":33036,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33038,33039,33083,33087,33103],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33040,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33042,5077],{"class":65},[59,33044,70],{"class":69},[59,33046,10491],{"class":73},[59,33048,78],{"class":77},[59,33050,18415],{"class":81},[59,33052,78],{"class":77},[59,33054,1002],{"class":73},[59,33056,19897],{"class":178},[59,33058,87],{"class":73},[59,33060,90],{"class":77},[59,33062,31141],{"class":81},[59,33064,78],{"class":77},[59,33066,1002],{"class":73},[59,33068,13506],{"class":178},[59,33070,87],{"class":73},[59,33072,90],{"class":77},[59,33074,18424],{"class":81},[59,33076,78],{"class":77},[59,33078,1002],{"class":73},[59,33080,28910],{"class":178},[59,33082,9309],{"class":73},[59,33084,33085],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33086,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33088,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33090,121],{"class":120},[59,33092,1173],{"class":65},[59,33094,132],{"class":120},[59,33096,5124],{"class":65},[59,33098,358],{"class":73},[59,33100,5366],{"class":142},[59,33102,21593],{"class":73},[59,33104,33105,33107,33109,33111],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33106,152],{"class":135},[59,33108,139],{"class":73},[59,33110,1217],{"class":142},[59,33112,165],{"class":73},[20,33114,168],{},[50,33116,33118],{"className":52,"code":33117,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33119,33120,33125,33130],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33121,33122],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33123,33124],{"class":178},"90\n",[59,33126,33127],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33128,33129],{"class":178},"85\n",[59,33131,33132],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33133,33134],{"class":178},"88\n",[20,33136,17709],{},[29,33138,33139,33142,33145],{},[32,33140,33141],{},"You only need the values",[32,33143,33144],{},"You do not care about the keys",[32,33146,33147],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33149,33150,33151,2896,33155,358],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[354,33152,10738,33153,10742],{"href":17075},[15,33154,17078],{},[354,33156,22470],{"href":33157},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[45,33159,33161],{"id":33160},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33163,201,33164,33166],{},[15,33165,32730],{}," when you need a list.",[50,33168,33170],{"className":52,"code":33169,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33171,33172,33217,33221,33241,33245,33256],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33173,33174,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33175,33176],{"class":65},"fruit_prices ",[59,33178,70],{"class":69},[59,33180,10491],{"class":73},[59,33182,78],{"class":77},[59,33184,588],{"class":81},[59,33186,78],{"class":77},[59,33188,1002],{"class":73},[59,33190,3009],{"class":178},[59,33192,87],{"class":73},[59,33194,90],{"class":77},[59,33196,597],{"class":81},[59,33198,78],{"class":77},[59,33200,1002],{"class":73},[59,33202,5506],{"class":178},[59,33204,87],{"class":73},[59,33206,90],{"class":77},[59,33208,606],{"class":81},[59,33210,78],{"class":77},[59,33212,1002],{"class":73},[59,33214,2469],{"class":178},[59,33216,9309],{"class":73},[59,33218,33219],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33220,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33222,33223,33226,33228,33230,33232,33235,33237,33239],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33224,33225],{"class":65},"price_list ",[59,33227,70],{"class":69},[59,33229,698],{"class":697},[59,33231,139],{"class":73},[59,33233,33234],{"class":142},"fruit_prices",[59,33236,358],{"class":73},[59,33238,5366],{"class":142},[59,33240,7201],{"class":73},[59,33242,33243],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33244,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33246,33247,33249,33251,33254],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,33248,715],{"class":135},[59,33250,139],{"class":73},[59,33252,33253],{"class":142},"price_list",[59,33255,165],{"class":73},[59,33257,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,33259,715],{"class":135},[59,33261,139],{"class":73},[59,33263,33253],{"class":142},[59,33265,3914],{"class":73},[59,33267,179],{"class":178},[59,33269,3902],{"class":73},[20,33271,168],{},[50,33273,33275],{"className":52,"code":33274,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33276,33277,33293],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33278,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33280,3914],{"class":73},[59,33282,195],{"class":178},[59,33284,87],{"class":73},[59,33286,5506],{"class":178},[59,33288,87],{"class":73},[59,33290,2469],{"class":178},[59,33292,107],{"class":73},[59,33294,33295],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33296,17056],{"class":178},[20,33298,33299],{},"This is helpful for:",[29,33301,33302,33305,33308],{},[32,33303,33304],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[32,33306,33307],{},"Accessing values by index",[32,33309,33310],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33312,3939,33313,33315],{},[15,33314,17037],{}," is not the same as a list.",[45,33317,33319,10586,33321,10586,33323],{"id":33318},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33320,17071],{},[15,33322,17065],{},[15,33324,17078],{},[20,33326,33327],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[29,33329,33330,33335,33340],{},[32,33331,33332,33334],{},[15,33333,17071],{}," returns only the values",[32,33336,33337,33339],{},[15,33338,17065],{}," returns only the keys",[32,33341,33342,33344],{},[15,33343,17078],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33346,2148],{},[50,33348,33350],{"className":52,"code":33349,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33351,33352,33388,33392,33406,33420],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33353,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33355,12866],{"class":65},[59,33357,70],{"class":69},[59,33359,10491],{"class":73},[59,33361,78],{"class":77},[59,33363,7676],{"class":81},[59,33365,78],{"class":77},[59,33367,1002],{"class":73},[59,33369,90],{"class":77},[59,33371,258],{"class":81},[59,33373,78],{"class":77},[59,33375,87],{"class":73},[59,33377,90],{"class":77},[59,33379,9299],{"class":81},[59,33381,78],{"class":77},[59,33383,1002],{"class":73},[59,33385,676],{"class":178},[59,33387,9309],{"class":73},[59,33389,33390],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33391,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33393,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33395,715],{"class":135},[59,33397,139],{"class":73},[59,33399,13625],{"class":142},[59,33401,358],{"class":73},[59,33403,16924],{"class":142},[59,33405,7201],{"class":73},[59,33407,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33409,715],{"class":135},[59,33411,139],{"class":73},[59,33413,13625],{"class":142},[59,33415,358],{"class":73},[59,33417,5366],{"class":142},[59,33419,7201],{"class":73},[59,33421,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,33423,715],{"class":135},[59,33425,139],{"class":73},[59,33427,13625],{"class":142},[59,33429,358],{"class":73},[59,33431,1297],{"class":142},[59,33433,7201],{"class":73},[20,33435,168],{},[50,33437,33439],{"className":52,"code":33438,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33440,33441,33463,33481],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33442,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33444,17014],{"class":142},[59,33446,1629],{"class":73},[59,33448,1725],{"class":77},[59,33450,7676],{"class":81},[59,33452,1725],{"class":77},[59,33454,87],{"class":73},[59,33456,1734],{"class":77},[59,33458,9299],{"class":81},[59,33460,1725],{"class":77},[59,33462,3902],{"class":73},[59,33464,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33466,17037],{"class":142},[59,33468,1629],{"class":73},[59,33470,1725],{"class":77},[59,33472,258],{"class":81},[59,33474,1725],{"class":77},[59,33476,87],{"class":73},[59,33478,676],{"class":178},[59,33480,3902],{"class":73},[59,33482,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33484,21905],{"class":142},[59,33486,9658],{"class":73},[59,33488,1725],{"class":77},[59,33490,7676],{"class":81},[59,33492,1725],{"class":77},[59,33494,87],{"class":73},[59,33496,676],{"class":178},[59,33498,10680],{"class":73},[20,33500,18693],{},[29,33502,33503,33510,33517],{},[32,33504,33505,33509],{},[354,33506,33507],{"href":17062},[15,33508,17065],{}," when you need just the keys",[32,33511,33512,33516],{},[354,33513,33514],{"href":17068},[15,33515,17071],{}," when you need just the values",[32,33518,33519,33523],{},[354,33520,33521],{"href":17075},[15,33522,17078],{}," when you need both",[45,33525,4534],{"id":4533},[20,33527,33528,33529,358],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33530,17071],{},[1127,33532,29638,33534,33536],{"id":33533},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33535,17071],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33538,33539,33541],{},[15,33540,17071],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33543,16644],{},[50,33545,33547],{"className":52,"code":33546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33548,33549,33569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33550,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33552,8313],{"class":65},[59,33554,70],{"class":69},[59,33556,74],{"class":73},[59,33558,187],{"class":178},[59,33560,87],{"class":73},[59,33562,3009],{"class":178},[59,33564,87],{"class":73},[59,33566,2469],{"class":178},[59,33568,107],{"class":73},[59,33570,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33572,715],{"class":135},[59,33574,139],{"class":73},[59,33576,8344],{"class":142},[59,33578,358],{"class":73},[59,33580,5366],{"class":142},[59,33582,7201],{"class":73},[20,33584,33585,33586,33588],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33587,17071],{}," method.",[20,33590,33591],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[50,33593,33595],{"className":52,"code":33594,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33596,33597],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33598,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33600,715],{"class":135},[59,33602,139],{"class":73},[59,33604,3239],{"class":697},[59,33606,139],{"class":73},[59,33608,8344],{"class":142},[59,33610,710],{"class":73},[20,33612,33613,33614,33616,33617,358],{},"If you get an ",[15,33615,25661],{},", see ",[354,33618,25669,33619,33621],{"href":25668},[15,33620,25672],{}," errors",[1127,33623,4595,33625,33627],{"id":33624},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33626,17071],{}," returns a list",[20,33629,33630],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[50,33632,33634],{"className":52,"code":33633,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33635,33636,33672,33686,33690],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33637,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33639,12866],{"class":65},[59,33641,70],{"class":69},[59,33643,10491],{"class":73},[59,33645,78],{"class":77},[59,33647,7676],{"class":81},[59,33649,78],{"class":77},[59,33651,1002],{"class":73},[59,33653,90],{"class":77},[59,33655,258],{"class":81},[59,33657,78],{"class":77},[59,33659,87],{"class":73},[59,33661,90],{"class":77},[59,33663,9299],{"class":81},[59,33665,78],{"class":77},[59,33667,1002],{"class":73},[59,33669,676],{"class":178},[59,33671,9309],{"class":73},[59,33673,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33675,3837],{"class":65},[59,33677,70],{"class":69},[59,33679,12908],{"class":65},[59,33681,358],{"class":73},[59,33683,5366],{"class":142},[59,33685,8647],{"class":73},[59,33687,33688],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33689,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33691,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33693,715],{"class":135},[59,33695,139],{"class":73},[59,33697,3239],{"class":697},[59,33699,139],{"class":73},[59,33701,5366],{"class":142},[59,33703,710],{"class":73},[20,33705,168],{},[50,33707,33709],{"className":52,"code":33708,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33710,33711],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33712,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33714,1769],{"class":69},[59,33716,3310],{"class":887},[59,33718,1734],{"class":77},[59,33720,17037],{"class":81},[59,33722,1725],{"class":77},[59,33724,1788],{"class":69},[20,33726,5159,33727,33729],{},[15,33728,17037],{},", not a list.",[20,33731,33732],{},"If you need a list:",[50,33734,33736],{"className":52,"code":33735,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33737,33738],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33739,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33741,3837],{"class":65},[59,33743,70],{"class":69},[59,33745,698],{"class":697},[59,33747,139],{"class":73},[59,33749,13625],{"class":142},[59,33751,358],{"class":73},[59,33753,5366],{"class":142},[59,33755,7201],{"class":73},[1127,33757,33759,33760],{"id":33758},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33761,17037],{},[20,33763,33764],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[50,33766,33768],{"className":52,"code":33767,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33769,33770,33806,33820,33824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33771,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33773,12866],{"class":65},[59,33775,70],{"class":69},[59,33777,10491],{"class":73},[59,33779,78],{"class":77},[59,33781,7676],{"class":81},[59,33783,78],{"class":77},[59,33785,1002],{"class":73},[59,33787,90],{"class":77},[59,33789,258],{"class":81},[59,33791,78],{"class":77},[59,33793,87],{"class":73},[59,33795,90],{"class":77},[59,33797,9299],{"class":81},[59,33799,78],{"class":77},[59,33801,1002],{"class":73},[59,33803,676],{"class":178},[59,33805,9309],{"class":73},[59,33807,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33809,3837],{"class":65},[59,33811,70],{"class":69},[59,33813,12908],{"class":65},[59,33815,358],{"class":73},[59,33817,5366],{"class":142},[59,33819,8647],{"class":73},[59,33821,33822],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33823,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33825,33826],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33827,33828],{"class":3678},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33830,33831],{},"Convert to a list first:",[50,33833,33835],{"className":52,"code":33834,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33836,33837,33873,33891,33895],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33838,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33840,12866],{"class":65},[59,33842,70],{"class":69},[59,33844,10491],{"class":73},[59,33846,78],{"class":77},[59,33848,7676],{"class":81},[59,33850,78],{"class":77},[59,33852,1002],{"class":73},[59,33854,90],{"class":77},[59,33856,258],{"class":81},[59,33858,78],{"class":77},[59,33860,87],{"class":73},[59,33862,90],{"class":77},[59,33864,9299],{"class":81},[59,33866,78],{"class":77},[59,33868,1002],{"class":73},[59,33870,676],{"class":178},[59,33872,9309],{"class":73},[59,33874,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33876,3837],{"class":65},[59,33878,70],{"class":69},[59,33880,698],{"class":697},[59,33882,139],{"class":73},[59,33884,13625],{"class":142},[59,33886,358],{"class":73},[59,33888,5366],{"class":142},[59,33890,7201],{"class":73},[59,33892,33893],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33894,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33896,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,33898,715],{"class":135},[59,33900,139],{"class":73},[59,33902,5366],{"class":142},[59,33904,3914],{"class":73},[59,33906,179],{"class":178},[59,33908,3902],{"class":73},[1127,33910,1599,33912,999,33914],{"id":33911},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33913,5366],{},[15,33915,17071],{},[20,33917,33918],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[50,33920,33922],{"className":52,"code":33921,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33923,33924,33960,33964],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33925,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33927,12866],{"class":65},[59,33929,70],{"class":69},[59,33931,10491],{"class":73},[59,33933,78],{"class":77},[59,33935,7676],{"class":81},[59,33937,78],{"class":77},[59,33939,1002],{"class":73},[59,33941,90],{"class":77},[59,33943,258],{"class":81},[59,33945,78],{"class":77},[59,33947,87],{"class":73},[59,33949,90],{"class":77},[59,33951,9299],{"class":81},[59,33953,78],{"class":77},[59,33955,1002],{"class":73},[59,33957,676],{"class":178},[59,33959,9309],{"class":73},[59,33961,33962],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,33963,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,33965,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,33967,715],{"class":135},[59,33969,139],{"class":73},[59,33971,13625],{"class":142},[59,33973,358],{"class":73},[59,33975,5366],{"class":929},[59,33977,165],{"class":73},[20,33979,33980,33983],{},[15,33981,33982],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33985,18693],{},[50,33987,33989],{"className":52,"code":33988,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33990,33991],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,33992,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,33994,715],{"class":135},[59,33996,139],{"class":73},[59,33998,13625],{"class":142},[59,34000,358],{"class":73},[59,34002,5366],{"class":142},[59,34004,7201],{"class":73},[1127,34006,34008],{"id":34007},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34010,34011],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[50,34013,34015],{"className":52,"code":34014,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34016,34017,34049],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34018,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34020,9170],{"class":65},[59,34022,70],{"class":69},[59,34024,10491],{"class":73},[59,34026,78],{"class":77},[59,34028,354],{"class":81},[59,34030,78],{"class":77},[59,34032,1002],{"class":73},[59,34034,5506],{"class":178},[59,34036,87],{"class":73},[59,34038,90],{"class":77},[59,34040,442],{"class":81},[59,34042,78],{"class":77},[59,34044,1002],{"class":73},[59,34046,3009],{"class":178},[59,34048,9309],{"class":73},[59,34050,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34052,715],{"class":135},[59,34054,139],{"class":73},[59,34056,9208],{"class":142},[59,34058,358],{"class":73},[59,34060,5366],{"class":142},[59,34062,7201],{"class":73},[20,34064,34065],{},"Not like this:",[50,34067,34069],{"className":52,"code":34068,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34070,34071,34076,34081],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34072,34073],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34074,34075],{"class":3678},"# Wrong examples:\n",[59,34077,34078],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34079,34080],{"class":3678},"# data().values()\n",[59,34082,34083],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,34084,34085],{"class":3678},"# values(data)\n",[20,34087,3355],{},[50,34089,34091],{"className":52,"code":34090,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34092,34093,34107,34117,34131],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34094,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34096,715],{"class":135},[59,34098,139],{"class":73},[59,34100,3239],{"class":697},[59,34102,139],{"class":73},[59,34104,11452],{"class":142},[59,34106,710],{"class":73},[59,34108,34109,34111,34113,34115],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34110,715],{"class":135},[59,34112,139],{"class":73},[59,34114,11452],{"class":142},[59,34116,165],{"class":73},[59,34118,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,34120,715],{"class":135},[59,34122,139],{"class":73},[59,34124,11452],{"class":142},[59,34126,358],{"class":73},[59,34128,5366],{"class":142},[59,34130,7201],{"class":73},[59,34132,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,34134,715],{"class":135},[59,34136,139],{"class":73},[59,34138,1651],{"class":697},[59,34140,139],{"class":73},[59,34142,11452],{"class":142},[59,34144,358],{"class":73},[59,34146,5366],{"class":142},[59,34148,6296],{"class":73},[45,34150,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,34152,1872,34154,1875],{"id":34153},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34155,32309],{},[20,34157,17422,34158,34160],{},[15,34159,17037],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1127,34162,1882,34164,23925],{"id":34163},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34165,17071],{},[20,34167,23928,34168,23932],{},[15,34169,34170],{},"list(...)",[1127,34172,26046,34174,1905],{"id":34173},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34175,32309],{},[20,34177,34178,34179,26054],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34180,121],{},[1127,34182,1882,34184,34186],{"id":34183},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34185,32309],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34188,34189],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1127,34191,34193,34194,34196,34197,1905],{"id":34192},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34195,17071],{}," different from ",[15,34198,17078],{},[20,34200,34201,34203,34204,34206],{},[15,34202,17071],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34205,17078],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[45,34208,1927],{"id":1926},[29,34210,34211,34217,34223,34227,34233,34237],{},[32,34212,34213],{},[354,34214,10738,34215,10742],{"href":17062},[15,34216,17065],{},[32,34218,34219],{},[354,34220,10738,34221,10742],{"href":17075},[15,34222,17078],{},[32,34224,34225],{},[354,34226,11244],{"href":9391},[32,34228,34229],{},[354,34230,34232],{"href":34231},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[32,34234,34235],{},[354,34236,24010],{"href":33157},[32,34238,34239],{},[354,34240,30335,34241],{"href":25668},[15,34242,34243],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1953,34245,34246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":34248},[34249,34250,34252,34253,34255,34256,34257,34258,34260,34271,34283],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":32479,"depth":110,"text":34251},"What values() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":32549,"depth":110,"text":34254},"What values() returns",{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":33027,"depth":110,"text":33028},{"id":33160,"depth":110,"text":33161},{"id":33318,"depth":110,"text":34259},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":34261},[34262,34264,34266,34268,34270],{"id":33533,"depth":117,"text":34263},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33624,"depth":117,"text":34265},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33758,"depth":117,"text":34267},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33911,"depth":117,"text":34269},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34007,"depth":117,"text":34008},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":34272},[34273,34275,34277,34279,34281],{"id":34153,"depth":117,"text":34274},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34163,"depth":117,"text":34276},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34173,"depth":117,"text":34278},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34183,"depth":117,"text":34280},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34192,"depth":117,"text":34282},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32296,"description":34284},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34290,"title":34291,"body":34292,"description":35722,"extension":1988,"meta":35723,"navigation":113,"path":35724,"seo":35725,"stem":35726,"__hash__":35727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34293,"toc":35674},[34294,34300,34305,34308,34324,34333,34335,34367,34373,34376,34470,34473,34478,34483,34486,34497,34499,34513,34519,34521,34526,34532,34535,34574,34582,34587,34590,34635,34638,34650,34656,34662,34666,34699,34702,34720,34723,34727,34766,34768,34788,34791,34803,34808,34814,34817,34872,34875,34886,34889,34900,34903,34907,34913,34915,34945,34948,34963,34966,34969,34988,34991,35007,35016,35018,35049,35055,35060,35063,35070,35101,35104,35126,35129,35132,35146,35150,35181,35196,35203,35210,35214,35222,35226,35234,35237,35286,35297,35299,35302,35308,35313,35323,35327,35330,35333,35337,35340,35342,35363,35367,35373,35384,35390,35392,35398,35422,35425,35488,35491,35519,35522,35584,35586,35591,35594,35601,35609,35616,35619,35627,35633,35635,35662,35671],[10,34295,13,34297,18],{"id":34296},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34298,34299],{},"dir()",[20,34301,32306,34302,34304],{},[15,34303,34299],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34306,34307],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[29,34309,34310,34313,34316,34321],{},[32,34311,34312],{},"learning Python",[32,34314,34315],{},"exploring a new object",[32,34317,34318,34319],{},"debugging an ",[15,34320,25661],{},[32,34322,34323],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34325,34326,34327,34329,34330],{},"In short, ",[15,34328,34299],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[549,34331,34332],{},"“What can I use here?”",[45,34334,48],{"id":47},[50,34336,34338],{"className":52,"code":34337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34339,34340,34352],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34341,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34343,7882],{"class":65},[59,34345,70],{"class":69},[59,34347,90],{"class":77},[59,34349,3860],{"class":81},[59,34351,3374],{"class":77},[59,34353,34354,34356,34358,34361,34363,34365],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34355,715],{"class":135},[59,34357,139],{"class":73},[59,34359,34360],{"class":135},"dir",[59,34362,139],{"class":73},[59,34364,7676],{"class":142},[59,34366,710],{"class":73},[20,34368,201,34369,34372],{},[15,34370,34371],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34374,34375],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[50,34377,34379],{"className":52,"code":34378,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34380,34381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34382,34383,34385,34387,34390,34392,34394,34396,34399,34401,34403,34405,34408,34410,34412,34414,34417,34419,34421,34423,34426,34428,34430,34432,34435,34437,34439,34442,34444,34446,34448,34450,34452,34454,34457,34459,34461,34463,34466,34468],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34384,3914],{"class":73},[59,34386,1725],{"class":77},[59,34388,34389],{"class":81},"__add__",[59,34391,1725],{"class":77},[59,34393,87],{"class":73},[59,34395,1734],{"class":77},[59,34397,34398],{"class":81},"__class__",[59,34400,1725],{"class":77},[59,34402,87],{"class":73},[59,34404,1734],{"class":77},[59,34406,34407],{"class":81},"__contains__",[59,34409,1725],{"class":77},[59,34411,87],{"class":73},[59,34413,1734],{"class":77},[59,34415,34416],{"class":81},"__delattr__",[59,34418,1725],{"class":77},[59,34420,87],{"class":73},[59,34422,1734],{"class":77},[59,34424,34425],{"class":81},"__dir__",[59,34427,1725],{"class":77},[59,34429,87],{"class":73},[59,34431,1734],{"class":77},[59,34433,34434],{"class":81},"__doc__",[59,34436,1725],{"class":77},[59,34438,87],{"class":73},[59,34440,34441],{"class":1784}," ...",[59,34443,87],{"class":73},[59,34445,1734],{"class":77},[59,34447,8644],{"class":81},[59,34449,1725],{"class":77},[59,34451,87],{"class":73},[59,34453,1734],{"class":77},[59,34455,34456],{"class":81},"split",[59,34458,1725],{"class":77},[59,34460,87],{"class":73},[59,34462,1734],{"class":77},[59,34464,34465],{"class":81},"upper",[59,34467,1725],{"class":77},[59,34469,107],{"class":73},[20,34471,34472],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[45,34474,208,34476,211],{"id":34475},"what-dir-does",[15,34477,34299],{},[20,34479,34480,34482],{},[15,34481,34299],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34484,34485],{},"It usually includes:",[29,34487,34488,34491,34494],{},[32,34489,34490],{},"attributes",[32,34492,34493],{},"methods",[32,34495,34496],{},"special Python names",[20,34498,11461],{},[29,34500,34501,34507,34510],{},[32,34502,34503,34504],{},"The result is a ",[549,34505,34506],{},"list of strings",[32,34508,34509],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[32,34511,34512],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34514,34515,34516,34518],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34517,34299],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[45,34520,362],{"id":361},[20,34522,34523,34525],{},[15,34524,34299],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1127,34527,34529,34531],{"id":34528},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34530,34299],{}," with no argument",[20,34533,34534],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[50,34536,34538],{"className":52,"code":34537,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34539,34540,34548,34560,34564],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34541,34542,34544,34546],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34543,3041],{"class":65},[59,34545,70],{"class":69},[59,34547,2605],{"class":178},[59,34549,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34551,7882],{"class":65},[59,34553,70],{"class":69},[59,34555,90],{"class":77},[59,34557,7685],{"class":81},[59,34559,3374],{"class":77},[59,34561,34562],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,34563,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,34565,34566,34568,34570,34572],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,34567,715],{"class":135},[59,34569,139],{"class":73},[59,34571,34360],{"class":135},[59,34573,7201],{"class":73},[20,34575,34576,34577,4408,34579,34581],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34578,1260],{},[15,34580,7676],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1127,34583,34585],{"id":34584},"dirobject",[15,34586,34371],{},[20,34588,34589],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[50,34591,34593],{"className":52,"code":34592,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34594,34595,34613],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34596,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605,34607,34609,34611],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34598,715],{"class":135},[59,34600,139],{"class":73},[59,34602,34360],{"class":135},[59,34604,139],{"class":73},[59,34606,78],{"class":77},[59,34608,3860],{"class":81},[59,34610,78],{"class":77},[59,34612,710],{"class":73},[59,34614,34615,34617,34619,34621,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631,34633],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34616,715],{"class":135},[59,34618,139],{"class":73},[59,34620,34360],{"class":135},[59,34622,1629],{"class":73},[59,34624,187],{"class":178},[59,34626,87],{"class":73},[59,34628,3009],{"class":178},[59,34630,87],{"class":73},[59,34632,2469],{"class":178},[59,34634,1642],{"class":73},[20,34636,34637],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[29,34639,34640,34642,34644,34647],{},[32,34641,230],{},[32,34643,224],{},[32,34645,34646],{},"modules",[32,34648,34649],{},"custom objects",[45,34651,1599,34653,34655],{"id":34652},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34654,34299],{}," with a value",[20,34657,34658,34659,34661],{},"A common use of ",[15,34660,34299],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1127,34663,34665],{"id":34664},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[50,34667,34669],{"className":52,"code":34668,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34670,34671,34684],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34672,34673,34676,34678,34680,34682],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34674,34675],{"class":65},"text ",[59,34677,70],{"class":69},[59,34679,90],{"class":77},[59,34681,3860],{"class":81},[59,34683,3374],{"class":77},[59,34685,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694,34697],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34687,715],{"class":135},[59,34689,139],{"class":73},[59,34691,34360],{"class":135},[59,34693,139],{"class":73},[59,34695,34696],{"class":142},"text",[59,34698,710],{"class":73},[20,34700,34701],{},"You will see method names like:",[29,34703,34704,34708,34712,34716],{},[32,34705,34706],{},[15,34707,8644],{},[32,34709,34710],{},[15,34711,34465],{},[32,34713,34714],{},[15,34715,34456],{},[32,34717,34718],{},[15,34719,8638],{},[20,34721,34722],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1127,34724,34726],{"id":34725},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[50,34728,34730],{"className":52,"code":34729,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34731,34732,34752],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34733,34734,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744,34746,34748,34750],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34735,664],{"class":65},[59,34737,70],{"class":69},[59,34739,74],{"class":73},[59,34741,187],{"class":178},[59,34743,87],{"class":73},[59,34745,3009],{"class":178},[59,34747,87],{"class":73},[59,34749,2469],{"class":178},[59,34751,107],{"class":73},[59,34753,34754,34756,34758,34760,34762,34764],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34755,715],{"class":135},[59,34757,139],{"class":73},[59,34759,34360],{"class":135},[59,34761,139],{"class":73},[59,34763,707],{"class":142},[59,34765,710],{"class":73},[20,34767,34701],{},[29,34769,34770,34774,34778,34783],{},[32,34771,34772],{},[15,34773,13552],{},[32,34775,34776],{},[15,34777,26231],{},[32,34779,34780],{},[15,34781,34782],{},"remove",[32,34784,34785],{},[15,34786,34787],{},"sort",[20,34789,34790],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34792,34793,34794,34799,34800,34802],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[354,34795,34797],{"href":34796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34798,2319],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34801,34299],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[45,34804,1599,34806,34531],{"id":34805},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34807,34299],{},[20,34809,34810,34811,34813],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34812,34299],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34815,34816],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[50,34818,34820],{"className":52,"code":34819,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34821,34822,34831,34835,34846,34858,34862],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34823,34824,34826,34828],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34825,3041],{"class":65},[59,34827,70],{"class":69},[59,34829,34830],{"class":178}," 5\n",[59,34832,34833],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34834,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,34836,34837,34840,34844],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,34838,34839],{"class":887},"def",[59,34841,34843],{"class":34842},"sGLFI"," greet",[59,34845,21593],{"class":73},[59,34847,34848,34851,34853,34856],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,34849,34850],{"class":120},"    return",[59,34852,90],{"class":77},[59,34854,34855],{"class":81},"Hello",[59,34857,3374],{"class":77},[59,34859,34860],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,34861,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,34863,34864,34866,34868,34870],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,34865,715],{"class":135},[59,34867,139],{"class":73},[59,34869,34360],{"class":135},[59,34871,7201],{"class":73},[20,34873,34874],{},"The output will include names like:",[29,34876,34877,34881],{},[32,34878,34879],{},[15,34880,1260],{},[32,34882,34883],{},[15,34884,34885],{},"greet",[20,34887,34888],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[29,34890,34891,34894,34897],{},[32,34892,34893],{},"what variables exist",[32,34895,34896],{},"what functions you have defined",[32,34898,34899],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34901,34902],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[45,34904,34906],{"id":34905},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34908,34909,34910,34912],{},"When you first use ",[15,34911,34299],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34914,239],{},[50,34916,34917],{"className":52,"code":34668,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,34918,34919,34931],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,34920,34921,34923,34925,34927,34929],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,34922,34675],{"class":65},[59,34924,70],{"class":69},[59,34926,90],{"class":77},[59,34928,3860],{"class":81},[59,34930,3374],{"class":77},[59,34932,34933,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,34934,715],{"class":135},[59,34936,139],{"class":73},[59,34938,34360],{"class":135},[59,34940,139],{"class":73},[59,34942,34696],{"class":142},[59,34944,710],{"class":73},[20,34946,34947],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[29,34949,34950,34954,34958],{},[32,34951,34952],{},[15,34953,34398],{},[32,34955,34956],{},[15,34957,34434],{},[32,34959,34960],{},[15,34961,34962],{},"__len__",[20,34964,34965],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34967,34968],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[29,34970,34971,34975,34979,34983],{},[32,34972,34973],{},[15,34974,34465],{},[32,34976,34977],{},[15,34978,8644],{},[32,34980,34981],{},[15,34982,34456],{},[32,34984,34985],{},[15,34986,34987],{},"replace",[20,34989,34990],{},"A key point to remember:",[29,34992,34993,35001],{},[32,34994,34995,34997,34998],{},[15,34996,34299],{}," lists ",[549,34999,35000],{},"names only",[32,35002,35003,35004,35006],{},"it does ",[549,35005,4647],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35008,35009,35010,358],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[354,35011,35013],{"href":35012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35014,35015],{},"help()",[20,35017,5480],{},[50,35019,35021],{"className":52,"code":35020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35022,35023,35035],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35024,35025,35027,35029,35031,35033],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35026,7882],{"class":65},[59,35028,70],{"class":69},[59,35030,90],{"class":77},[59,35032,3860],{"class":81},[59,35034,3374],{"class":77},[59,35036,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045,35047],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35038,32141],{"class":135},[59,35040,139],{"class":73},[59,35042,7676],{"class":142},[59,35044,358],{"class":73},[59,35046,34465],{"class":929},[59,35048,165],{"class":73},[45,35050,35052,35054],{"id":35051},"dir-on-modules",[15,35053,34299],{}," on modules",[20,35056,15715,35057,35059],{},[15,35058,34299],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35061,35062],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1127,35064,35066,35067,35069],{"id":35065},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35068,18415],{}," module",[50,35071,35073],{"className":52,"code":35072,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35074,35075,35083,35087],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35076,35077,35080],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35078,35079],{"class":120},"import",[59,35081,35082],{"class":65}," math\n",[59,35084,35085],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35086,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,35088,35089,35091,35093,35095,35097,35099],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35090,715],{"class":135},[59,35092,139],{"class":73},[59,35094,34360],{"class":135},[59,35096,139],{"class":73},[59,35098,18415],{"class":142},[59,35100,710],{"class":73},[20,35102,35103],{},"You may see names like:",[29,35105,35106,35111,35116,35121],{},[32,35107,35108],{},[15,35109,35110],{},"sqrt",[32,35112,35113],{},[15,35114,35115],{},"ceil",[32,35117,35118],{},[15,35119,35120],{},"floor",[32,35122,35123],{},[15,35124,35125],{},"pi",[20,35127,35128],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35130,35131],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[29,35133,35134,35140],{},[32,35135,35136],{},[354,35137,35139],{"href":35138},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[32,35141,35142],{},[354,35143,35145],{"href":35144},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1127,35147,35149],{"id":35148},"another-example","Another example",[50,35151,35153],{"className":52,"code":35152,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35154,35155,35162,35166],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35156,35157,35159],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35158,35079],{"class":120},[59,35160,35161],{"class":65}," json\n",[59,35163,35164],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35165,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,35167,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176,35179],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35169,715],{"class":135},[59,35171,139],{"class":73},[59,35173,34360],{"class":135},[59,35175,139],{"class":73},[59,35177,35178],{"class":142},"json",[59,35180,710],{"class":73},[20,35182,35183,35184,1208,35187,1208,35190,17072,35193,358],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35185,35186],{},"dump",[15,35188,35189],{},"dumps",[15,35191,35192],{},"load",[15,35194,35195],{},"loads",[45,35197,35199,10586,35201],{"id":35198},"dir-vs-help",[15,35200,34299],{},[15,35202,35015],{},[20,35204,35205,4408,35207,35209],{},[15,35206,34299],{},[15,35208,35015],{}," are often used together.",[1127,35211,35212],{"id":34360},[15,35213,34299],{},[29,35215,35216,35219],{},[32,35217,35218],{},"shows available names",[32,35220,35221],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1127,35223,35224],{"id":32141},[15,35225,35015],{},[29,35227,35228,35231],{},[32,35229,35230],{},"explains what an object or function does",[32,35232,35233],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35235,35236],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[50,35238,35240],{"className":52,"code":35239,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35241,35242,35254,35258,35272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35243,35244,35246,35248,35250,35252],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35245,7882],{"class":65},[59,35247,70],{"class":69},[59,35249,90],{"class":77},[59,35251,3860],{"class":81},[59,35253,3374],{"class":77},[59,35255,35256],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35257,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,35259,35260,35262,35264,35266,35268,35270],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35261,715],{"class":135},[59,35263,139],{"class":73},[59,35265,34360],{"class":135},[59,35267,139],{"class":73},[59,35269,7676],{"class":142},[59,35271,710],{"class":73},[59,35273,35274,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,35275,32141],{"class":135},[59,35277,139],{"class":73},[59,35279,7676],{"class":142},[59,35281,358],{"class":73},[59,35283,34465],{"class":929},[59,35285,165],{"class":73},[20,35287,201,35288,35290,35291,35293,35294,35296],{},[15,35289,34299],{}," first to find a method name.",[9846,35292],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35295,35015],{}," to understand how to use it.",[45,35298,1120],{"id":1119},[20,35300,35301],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1127,35303,35305,35307],{"id":35304},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35306,34299],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35309,35310,35312],{},[15,35311,34299],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35314,35315,35316,35318,35319,35322],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35317,34465],{}," in ",[15,35320,35321],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1127,35324,35326],{"id":35325},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35328,35329],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35331,35332],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1127,35334,35336],{"id":35335},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35338,35339],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35341,5480],{},[29,35343,35344,35349,35355],{},[32,35345,35346,35348],{},[15,35347,35321],{}," shows string-related names",[32,35350,35351,35354],{},[15,35352,35353],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[32,35356,35357,35360,35361,35069],{},[15,35358,35359],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35362,18415],{},[1127,35364,35366],{"id":35365},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35368,35369,35370,35372],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35371,34299],{}," does not mean you already know:",[29,35374,35375,35378,35381],{},[32,35376,35377],{},"what it does",[32,35379,35380],{},"what arguments it needs",[32,35382,35383],{},"what it returns",[20,35385,35386,35387,35389],{},"That is why ",[15,35388,35015],{}," is the natural next step.",[45,35391,1579],{"id":1578},[20,35393,35394,35395,35397],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35396,34299],{}," in these situations:",[29,35399,35400,35403,35412,35415],{},[32,35401,35402],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[32,35404,35405,35406,35411],{},"Seeing an ",[354,35407,35409],{"href":35408},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35410,25661],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[32,35413,35414],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[32,35416,1599,35417,35419,35420],{},[15,35418,34299],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35421,35015],{},[20,35423,35424],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[50,35426,35428],{"className":52,"code":35427,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35429,35430,35442,35446,35460,35474],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35431,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35433,7882],{"class":65},[59,35435,70],{"class":69},[59,35437,90],{"class":77},[59,35439,3860],{"class":81},[59,35441,3374],{"class":77},[59,35443,35444],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35445,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,35447,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35449,715],{"class":135},[59,35451,139],{"class":73},[59,35453,3239],{"class":697},[59,35455,139],{"class":73},[59,35457,7676],{"class":142},[59,35459,710],{"class":73},[59,35461,35462,35464,35466,35468,35470,35472],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,35463,715],{"class":135},[59,35465,139],{"class":73},[59,35467,34360],{"class":135},[59,35469,139],{"class":73},[59,35471,7676],{"class":142},[59,35473,710],{"class":73},[59,35475,35476,35478,35480,35482,35484,35486],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,35477,32141],{"class":135},[59,35479,139],{"class":73},[59,35481,7676],{"class":142},[59,35483,358],{"class":73},[59,35485,34465],{"class":929},[59,35487,165],{"class":73},[20,35489,35490],{},"And for modules:",[50,35492,35493],{"className":52,"code":35072,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,35494,35495,35501,35505],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35496,35497,35499],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35498,35079],{"class":120},[59,35500,35082],{"class":65},[59,35502,35503],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35504,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,35506,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35508,715],{"class":135},[59,35510,139],{"class":73},[59,35512,34360],{"class":135},[59,35514,139],{"class":73},[59,35516,18415],{"class":142},[59,35518,710],{"class":73},[20,35520,35521],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[50,35523,35525],{"className":52,"code":35524,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35526,35527,35532,35544,35554,35568,35574],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,35528,35529],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,35530,35531],{"class":65},"python\n",[59,35533,35534,35536,35538,35540,35542],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,35535,7882],{"class":65},[59,35537,70],{"class":69},[59,35539,90],{"class":77},[59,35541,3860],{"class":81},[59,35543,3374],{"class":77},[59,35545,35546,35548,35550,35552],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,35547,34360],{"class":135},[59,35549,139],{"class":73},[59,35551,7676],{"class":142},[59,35553,165],{"class":73},[59,35555,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564,35566],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,35557,32141],{"class":135},[59,35559,139],{"class":73},[59,35561,7676],{"class":142},[59,35563,358],{"class":73},[59,35565,34465],{"class":929},[59,35567,165],{"class":73},[59,35569,35570,35572],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,35571,35079],{"class":120},[59,35573,35082],{"class":65},[59,35575,35576,35578,35580,35582],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,35577,34360],{"class":135},[59,35579,139],{"class":73},[59,35581,18415],{"class":142},[59,35583,165],{"class":73},[45,35585,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,35587,1872,35589,1875],{"id":35588},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35590,34299],{},[20,35592,35593],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1127,35595,5190,35597,4408,35599,1905],{"id":35596},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35598,34299],{},[15,35600,35015],{},[20,35602,35603,35605,35606,35608],{},[15,35604,34299],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35607,35015],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1127,35610,35612,35613,35615],{"id":35611},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35614,34299],{}," output?",[20,35617,35618],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1127,35620,1914,35622,35624,35625,1905],{"id":35621},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35623,34299],{}," help fix ",[15,35626,25661],{},[20,35628,35629,35630,358],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[354,35631,35632],{"href":35408},"object has no attribute",[45,35634,1927],{"id":1926},[29,35636,35637,35643,35648,35652,35656],{},[32,35638,35639],{},[354,35640,13,35641,536],{"href":35012},[15,35642,35015],{},[32,35644,35645],{},[354,35646,35647],{"href":35408},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[32,35649,35650],{},[354,35651,35139],{"href":35138},[32,35653,35654],{},[354,35655,35145],{"href":35144},[32,35657,35658],{},[354,35659,13,35660,536],{"href":34796},[15,35661,2319],{},[20,35663,35664,35665,35667,35668,35670],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35666,34299],{}," together with ",[15,35669,35015],{}," in the Python shell. 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modules",[35695,35697],{"id":35065,"depth":117,"text":35696},"Example: math module",{"id":35148,"depth":117,"text":35149},{"id":35198,"depth":110,"text":35699,"children":35700},"dir() vs help()",[35701,35702],{"id":34360,"depth":117,"text":34299},{"id":32141,"depth":117,"text":35015},{"id":1119,"depth":110,"text":1120,"children":35704},[35705,35707,35708,35709],{"id":35304,"depth":117,"text":35706},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35325,"depth":117,"text":35326},{"id":35335,"depth":117,"text":35336},{"id":35365,"depth":117,"text":35366},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":35712},[35713,35715,35717,35719],{"id":35588,"depth":117,"text":35714},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35596,"depth":117,"text":35716},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35611,"depth":117,"text":35718},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35621,"depth":117,"text":35720},"Can dir() help fix 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filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37367,"toc":39839},[37368,37374,37379,37382,37390,37404,37406,37497,37505,37510,37515,37517,37533,37535,37614,37616,37633,37639,37643,37645,37666,37670,37673,37685,37689,37692,37695,37712,37715,37791,37793,37810,37815,37819,37827,37830,37845,37847,37936,37938,37983,37986,37990,37993,38072,38074,38096,38099,38106,38111,38114,38217,38219,38244,38247,38254,38260,38265,38268,38279,38385,38387,38408,38416,38423,38429,38448,38453,38456,38475,38477,38562,38564,38593,38596,38601,38606,38609,38620,38622,38711,38713,38733,38739,38845,38847,38867,38870,38954,38956,38976,38983,38985,38989,38995,38998,39055,39058,39061,39122,39131,39134,39137,39165,39168,39228,39230,39247,39251,39254,39332,39334,39354,39357,39432,39436,39439,39441,39450,39455,39457,39508,39516,39528,39533,39594,39596,39613,39617,39680,39682,39707,39715,39717,39723,39729,39736,39744,39750,39753,39760,39770,39776,39782,39785,39802,39808,39810,39836],[10,37369,13,37371,18],{"id":37370},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37372,37373],{},"filter()",[20,37375,37376,37378],{},[15,37377,37373],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37380,37381],{},"It takes:",[29,37383,37384,37387],{},[32,37385,37386],{},"a function that checks each item",[32,37388,37389],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37391,37392,37393,37396,37397,37400,37401,37403],{},"The result is ",[549,37394,37395],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37398,37399],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37402,24773],{}," to see the values.",[45,37405,48],{"id":47},[50,37407,37409],{"className":52,"code":37408,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37410,37411,37444,37480],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37412,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439,37442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37414,664],{"class":65},[59,37416,70],{"class":69},[59,37418,74],{"class":73},[59,37420,187],{"class":178},[59,37422,87],{"class":73},[59,37424,3009],{"class":178},[59,37426,87],{"class":73},[59,37428,2469],{"class":178},[59,37430,87],{"class":73},[59,37432,2475],{"class":178},[59,37434,87],{"class":73},[59,37436,4621],{"class":178},[59,37438,87],{"class":73},[59,37440,37441],{"class":178}," 6",[59,37443,107],{"class":73},[59,37445,37446,37448,37450,37453,37455,37458,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,37447,692],{"class":65},[59,37449,70],{"class":69},[59,37451,37452],{"class":135}," filter",[59,37454,139],{"class":73},[59,37456,37457],{"class":887},"lambda",[59,37459,37461],{"class":37460},"sFwrP"," x",[59,37463,1002],{"class":73},[59,37465,3894],{"class":142},[59,37467,6409],{"class":69},[59,37469,3009],{"class":178},[59,37471,6414],{"class":69},[59,37473,3848],{"class":178},[59,37475,87],{"class":73},[59,37477,4277],{"class":142},[59,37479,165],{"class":73},[59,37481,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,37483,715],{"class":135},[59,37485,139],{"class":73},[59,37487,1651],{"class":697},[59,37489,139],{"class":73},[59,37491,720],{"class":142},[59,37493,5369],{"class":73},[59,37495,37496],{"class":3678},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37498,37499,37501,37502,37504],{},[15,37500,37373],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37503,24773],{}," to see the results.",[45,37506,208,37508,211],{"id":37507},"what-filter-does",[15,37509,37373],{},[20,37511,37512,37514],{},[15,37513,37373],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37516,2130],{},[29,37518,37519,37522,37528],{},[32,37520,37521],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[32,37523,37524,37525,37527],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37526,3619],{},", the item is kept",[32,37529,37524,37530,37532],{},[15,37531,3689],{},", the item is removed",[20,37534,239],{},[50,37536,37538],{"className":52,"code":37537,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37539,37540,37568,37572,37600],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37541,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37543,664],{"class":65},[59,37545,70],{"class":69},[59,37547,74],{"class":73},[59,37549,187],{"class":178},[59,37551,87],{"class":73},[59,37553,3009],{"class":178},[59,37555,87],{"class":73},[59,37557,2469],{"class":178},[59,37559,87],{"class":73},[59,37561,2475],{"class":178},[59,37563,87],{"class":73},[59,37565,4621],{"class":178},[59,37567,107],{"class":73},[59,37569,37570],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,37571,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,37573,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,37575,692],{"class":65},[59,37577,70],{"class":69},[59,37579,37452],{"class":135},[59,37581,139],{"class":73},[59,37583,37457],{"class":887},[59,37585,37461],{"class":37460},[59,37587,1002],{"class":73},[59,37589,3894],{"class":142},[59,37591,4266],{"class":69},[59,37593,2469],{"class":178},[59,37595,87],{"class":73},[59,37597,4277],{"class":142},[59,37599,165],{"class":73},[59,37601,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,37603,715],{"class":135},[59,37605,139],{"class":73},[59,37607,1651],{"class":697},[59,37609,139],{"class":73},[59,37611,720],{"class":142},[59,37613,710],{"class":73},[20,37615,168],{},[50,37617,37619],{"className":52,"code":37618,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37620,37621],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37622,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37624,3914],{"class":73},[59,37626,2522],{"class":178},[59,37628,87],{"class":73},[59,37630,4621],{"class":178},[59,37632,107],{"class":73},[20,37634,37635,37636,37638],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37637,950],{}," are kept.",[45,37640,37642],{"id":37641},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37644,365],{},[50,37646,37648],{"className":52,"code":37647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37649,37650],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37651,37652,37654,37656,37659,37661,37664],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37653,37399],{"class":135},[59,37655,139],{"class":73},[59,37657,37658],{"class":142},"function",[59,37660,87],{"class":73},[59,37662,37663],{"class":142}," iterable",[59,37665,165],{"class":73},[1127,37667,37668],{"id":37658},[15,37669,37658],{},[20,37671,37672],{},"This is the test function.",[29,37674,37675,37678],{},[32,37676,37677],{},"It receives one item at a time",[32,37679,37680,37681,2896,37683],{},"It should return ",[15,37682,3619],{},[15,37684,3689],{},[1127,37686,37687],{"id":380},[15,37688,380],{},[20,37690,37691],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37693,37694],{},"It can be:",[29,37696,37697,37700,37703,37706,37709],{},[32,37698,37699],{},"a list",[32,37701,37702],{},"a tuple",[32,37704,37705],{},"a string",[32,37707,37708],{},"a set",[32,37710,37711],{},"another iterable object",[20,37713,37714],{},"Example with a tuple:",[50,37716,37718],{"className":52,"code":37717,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37719,37720,37745,37749,37777],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37721,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37723,664],{"class":65},[59,37725,70],{"class":69},[59,37727,747],{"class":73},[59,37729,671],{"class":178},[59,37731,87],{"class":73},[59,37733,37734],{"class":178}," 15",[59,37736,87],{"class":73},[59,37738,676],{"class":178},[59,37740,87],{"class":73},[59,37742,9306],{"class":178},[59,37744,165],{"class":73},[59,37746,37747],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,37748,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,37750,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,37752,692],{"class":65},[59,37754,70],{"class":69},[59,37756,37452],{"class":135},[59,37758,139],{"class":73},[59,37760,37457],{"class":887},[59,37762,37461],{"class":37460},[59,37764,1002],{"class":73},[59,37766,3894],{"class":142},[59,37768,5112],{"class":69},[59,37770,676],{"class":178},[59,37772,87],{"class":73},[59,37774,4277],{"class":142},[59,37776,165],{"class":73},[59,37778,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,37780,715],{"class":135},[59,37782,139],{"class":73},[59,37784,1651],{"class":697},[59,37786,139],{"class":73},[59,37788,720],{"class":142},[59,37790,710],{"class":73},[20,37792,168],{},[50,37794,37796],{"className":52,"code":37795,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37797,37798],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37799,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37801,3914],{"class":73},[59,37803,1222],{"class":178},[59,37805,87],{"class":73},[59,37807,9306],{"class":178},[59,37809,107],{"class":73},[20,37811,37812,37813,358],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[354,37814,1491],{"href":1490},[45,37816,37818],{"id":37817},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37820,37821,37822,21972,37824,358],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37823,37373],{},[549,37825,37826],{},"filter object",[20,37828,37829],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[29,37831,37832,37835,37840],{},[32,37833,37834],{},"loop through it",[32,37836,37837,37838],{},"convert it with ",[15,37839,24773],{},[32,37841,37837,37842],{},[15,37843,37844],{},"tuple()",[20,37846,239],{},[50,37848,37850],{"className":52,"code":37849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37851,37852,37894,37898,37908,37922],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37853,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37855,692],{"class":65},[59,37857,70],{"class":69},[59,37859,37452],{"class":135},[59,37861,139],{"class":73},[59,37863,37457],{"class":887},[59,37865,37461],{"class":37460},[59,37867,1002],{"class":73},[59,37869,3894],{"class":142},[59,37871,4266],{"class":69},[59,37873,3009],{"class":178},[59,37875,87],{"class":73},[59,37877,74],{"class":73},[59,37879,187],{"class":178},[59,37881,87],{"class":73},[59,37883,3009],{"class":178},[59,37885,87],{"class":73},[59,37887,2469],{"class":178},[59,37889,87],{"class":73},[59,37891,2475],{"class":178},[59,37893,3902],{"class":73},[59,37895,37896],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,37897,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,37899,37900,37902,37904,37906],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,37901,715],{"class":135},[59,37903,139],{"class":73},[59,37905,720],{"class":142},[59,37907,165],{"class":73},[59,37909,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,37911,715],{"class":135},[59,37913,139],{"class":73},[59,37915,3239],{"class":697},[59,37917,139],{"class":73},[59,37919,720],{"class":142},[59,37921,710],{"class":73},[59,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,37925,715],{"class":135},[59,37927,139],{"class":73},[59,37929,1651],{"class":697},[59,37931,139],{"class":73},[59,37933,720],{"class":142},[59,37935,710],{"class":73},[20,37937,168],{},[50,37939,37941],{"className":52,"code":37940,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37942,37943,37957,37971],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,37946,1769],{"class":69},[59,37948,37399],{"class":135},[59,37950,1774],{"class":697},[59,37952,1777],{"class":65},[59,37954,1785],{"class":1784},[59,37956,1788],{"class":69},[59,37958,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,37960,1769],{"class":69},[59,37962,3310],{"class":887},[59,37964,1734],{"class":77},[59,37966,37399],{"class":81},[59,37968,1725],{"class":77},[59,37970,1788],{"class":69},[59,37972,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,37974,3914],{"class":73},[59,37976,950],{"class":178},[59,37978,87],{"class":73},[59,37980,2475],{"class":178},[59,37982,107],{"class":73},[20,37984,37985],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1127,37987,37989],{"id":37988},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37991,37992],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[50,37994,37996],{"className":52,"code":37995,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37997,37998,38040,38044,38058],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,37999,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38001,692],{"class":65},[59,38003,70],{"class":69},[59,38005,37452],{"class":135},[59,38007,139],{"class":73},[59,38009,37457],{"class":887},[59,38011,37461],{"class":37460},[59,38013,1002],{"class":73},[59,38015,3894],{"class":142},[59,38017,4266],{"class":69},[59,38019,3009],{"class":178},[59,38021,87],{"class":73},[59,38023,74],{"class":73},[59,38025,187],{"class":178},[59,38027,87],{"class":73},[59,38029,3009],{"class":178},[59,38031,87],{"class":73},[59,38033,2469],{"class":178},[59,38035,87],{"class":73},[59,38037,2475],{"class":178},[59,38039,3902],{"class":73},[59,38041,38042],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38043,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38045,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38047,715],{"class":135},[59,38049,139],{"class":73},[59,38051,1651],{"class":697},[59,38053,139],{"class":73},[59,38055,720],{"class":142},[59,38057,710],{"class":73},[59,38059,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38061,715],{"class":135},[59,38063,139],{"class":73},[59,38065,1651],{"class":697},[59,38067,139],{"class":73},[59,38069,720],{"class":142},[59,38071,710],{"class":73},[20,38073,168],{},[50,38075,38077],{"className":52,"code":38076,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38078,38079,38091],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38080,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38082,3914],{"class":73},[59,38084,950],{"class":178},[59,38086,87],{"class":73},[59,38088,2475],{"class":178},[59,38090,107],{"class":73},[59,38092,38093],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38094,38095],{"class":73},"[]\n",[20,38097,38098],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[45,38100,1599,38102,1608,38104],{"id":38101},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38103,37373],{},[15,38105,37457],{},[20,38107,15189,38108,38110],{},[15,38109,37457],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38112,38113],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[50,38115,38117],{"className":52,"code":38116,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38118,38119,38161,38165,38203],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38120,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38157,38159],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38122,4085],{"class":65},[59,38124,70],{"class":69},[59,38126,74],{"class":73},[59,38128,78],{"class":77},[59,38130,588],{"class":81},[59,38132,78],{"class":77},[59,38134,87],{"class":73},[59,38136,90],{"class":77},[59,38138,38139],{"class":81},"kiwi",[59,38141,78],{"class":77},[59,38143,87],{"class":73},[59,38145,90],{"class":77},[59,38147,597],{"class":81},[59,38149,78],{"class":77},[59,38151,87],{"class":73},[59,38153,90],{"class":77},[59,38155,38156],{"class":81},"fig",[59,38158,78],{"class":77},[59,38160,107],{"class":73},[59,38162,38163],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38164,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38166,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38180,38182,38185,38187,38190,38192,38195,38197,38199,38201],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38168,692],{"class":65},[59,38170,70],{"class":69},[59,38172,37452],{"class":135},[59,38174,139],{"class":73},[59,38176,37457],{"class":887},[59,38178,38179],{"class":37460}," word",[59,38181,1002],{"class":73},[59,38183,38184],{"class":135}," len",[59,38186,139],{"class":73},[59,38188,38189],{"class":142},"word",[59,38191,3675],{"class":73},[59,38193,38194],{"class":69}," >",[59,38196,2475],{"class":178},[59,38198,87],{"class":73},[59,38200,6174],{"class":142},[59,38202,165],{"class":73},[59,38204,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38206,715],{"class":135},[59,38208,139],{"class":73},[59,38210,1651],{"class":697},[59,38212,139],{"class":73},[59,38214,720],{"class":142},[59,38216,710],{"class":73},[20,38218,168],{},[50,38220,38222],{"className":52,"code":38221,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38223,38224],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38225,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38227,3914],{"class":73},[59,38229,1725],{"class":77},[59,38231,588],{"class":81},[59,38233,1725],{"class":77},[59,38235,87],{"class":73},[59,38237,1734],{"class":77},[59,38239,597],{"class":81},[59,38241,1725],{"class":77},[59,38243,107],{"class":73},[20,38245,38246],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38248,38249,38250,358],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[354,38251,38253],{"href":38252},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[45,38255,1599,38257,38259],{"id":38256},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38258,37373],{}," with a named function",[20,38261,38262,38263,358],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38264,37457],{},[20,38266,38267],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[29,38269,38270,38273,38276],{},[32,38271,38272],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[32,38274,38275],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[32,38277,38278],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[50,38280,38282],{"className":52,"code":38281,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38283,38284,38297,38312,38316,38348,38367,38371],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38285,38286,38288,38291,38293,38295],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38287,34839],{"class":887},[59,38289,38290],{"class":34842}," is_even",[59,38292,139],{"class":73},[59,38294,896],{"class":37460},[59,38296,146],{"class":73},[59,38298,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38300,34850],{"class":120},[59,38302,6393],{"class":65},[59,38304,6409],{"class":69},[59,38306,3009],{"class":178},[59,38308,6414],{"class":69},[59,38310,38311],{"class":178}," 0\n",[59,38313,38314],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38315,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38317,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38319,664],{"class":65},[59,38321,70],{"class":69},[59,38323,74],{"class":73},[59,38325,187],{"class":178},[59,38327,87],{"class":73},[59,38329,3009],{"class":178},[59,38331,87],{"class":73},[59,38333,2469],{"class":178},[59,38335,87],{"class":73},[59,38337,2475],{"class":178},[59,38339,87],{"class":73},[59,38341,4621],{"class":178},[59,38343,87],{"class":73},[59,38345,37441],{"class":178},[59,38347,107],{"class":73},[59,38349,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38361,38363,38365],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,38351,692],{"class":65},[59,38353,70],{"class":69},[59,38355,37452],{"class":135},[59,38357,139],{"class":73},[59,38359,38360],{"class":142},"is_even",[59,38362,87],{"class":73},[59,38364,4277],{"class":142},[59,38366,165],{"class":73},[59,38368,38369],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,38370,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38372,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,38374,715],{"class":135},[59,38376,139],{"class":73},[59,38378,1651],{"class":697},[59,38380,139],{"class":73},[59,38382,720],{"class":142},[59,38384,710],{"class":73},[20,38386,168],{},[50,38388,38390],{"className":52,"code":38389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38391,38392],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38395,3914],{"class":73},[59,38397,195],{"class":178},[59,38399,87],{"class":73},[59,38401,2475],{"class":178},[59,38403,87],{"class":73},[59,38405,37441],{"class":178},[59,38407,107],{"class":73},[20,38409,20770,38410,2414,38413,38415],{},[15,38411,38412],{},"is_even()",[15,38414,3619],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[45,38417,1599,38419,1608,38421],{"id":38418},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38420,3792],{},[15,38422,37373],{},[20,38424,38425,38426,38428],{},"You can pass ",[15,38427,3792],{}," as the first argument:",[50,38430,38432],{"className":52,"code":38431,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38433,38434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38435,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38437,37399],{"class":135},[59,38439,139],{"class":73},[59,38441,3792],{"class":3867},[59,38443,87],{"class":73},[59,38445,37663],{"class":142},[59,38447,165],{"class":73},[20,38449,38450,38451,7347],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[549,38452,5604],{},[20,38454,38455],{},"Falsy values include:",[29,38457,38458,38462,38467,38471],{},[32,38459,38460],{},[15,38461,179],{},[32,38463,38464,38466],{},[15,38465,3787],{}," (empty string)",[32,38468,38469],{},[15,38470,3792],{},[32,38472,38473],{},[15,38474,3689],{},[20,38476,239],{},[50,38478,38480],{"className":52,"code":38479,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38481,38482,38526,38530,38548],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38483,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38485,1251],{"class":65},[59,38487,70],{"class":69},[59,38489,74],{"class":73},[59,38491,179],{"class":178},[59,38493,87],{"class":73},[59,38495,5506],{"class":178},[59,38497,87],{"class":73},[59,38499,6132],{"class":77},[59,38501,87],{"class":73},[59,38503,90],{"class":77},[59,38505,3860],{"class":81},[59,38507,78],{"class":77},[59,38509,87],{"class":73},[59,38511,3868],{"class":3867},[59,38513,87],{"class":73},[59,38515,3930],{"class":3867},[59,38517,87],{"class":73},[59,38519,3921],{"class":3867},[59,38521,87],{"class":73},[59,38523,4621],{"class":178},[59,38525,107],{"class":73},[59,38527,38528],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38529,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38531,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38533,692],{"class":65},[59,38535,70],{"class":69},[59,38537,37452],{"class":135},[59,38539,139],{"class":73},[59,38541,3792],{"class":3867},[59,38543,87],{"class":73},[59,38545,5972],{"class":142},[59,38547,165],{"class":73},[59,38549,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38551,715],{"class":135},[59,38553,139],{"class":73},[59,38555,1651],{"class":697},[59,38557,139],{"class":73},[59,38559,720],{"class":142},[59,38561,710],{"class":73},[20,38563,168],{},[50,38565,38567],{"className":52,"code":38566,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38568,38569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38570,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38572,3914],{"class":73},[59,38574,187],{"class":178},[59,38576,87],{"class":73},[59,38578,1734],{"class":77},[59,38580,3860],{"class":81},[59,38582,1725],{"class":77},[59,38584,87],{"class":73},[59,38586,3930],{"class":3867},[59,38588,87],{"class":73},[59,38590,4621],{"class":178},[59,38592,107],{"class":73},[20,38594,38595],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[45,38597,776,38599],{"id":38598},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38600,37373],{},[20,38602,201,38603,38605],{},[15,38604,37373],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38607,38608],{},"It works well for:",[29,38610,38611,38614,38617],{},[32,38612,38613],{},"simple filtering rules",[32,38615,38616],{},"quick data cleaning",[32,38618,38619],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38621,239],{},[50,38623,38625],{"className":52,"code":38624,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38626,38627,38659,38692,38696],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38628,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38630,664],{"class":65},[59,38632,70],{"class":69},[59,38634,74],{"class":73},[59,38636,187],{"class":178},[59,38638,87],{"class":73},[59,38640,3009],{"class":178},[59,38642,87],{"class":73},[59,38644,2469],{"class":178},[59,38646,87],{"class":73},[59,38648,2475],{"class":178},[59,38650,87],{"class":73},[59,38652,4621],{"class":178},[59,38654,87],{"class":73},[59,38656,37441],{"class":178},[59,38658,107],{"class":73},[59,38660,38661,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38662,38663],{"class":65},"evens ",[59,38665,70],{"class":69},[59,38667,37452],{"class":135},[59,38669,139],{"class":73},[59,38671,37457],{"class":887},[59,38673,37461],{"class":37460},[59,38675,1002],{"class":73},[59,38677,3894],{"class":142},[59,38679,6409],{"class":69},[59,38681,3009],{"class":178},[59,38683,6414],{"class":69},[59,38685,3848],{"class":178},[59,38687,87],{"class":73},[59,38689,4277],{"class":142},[59,38691,165],{"class":73},[59,38693,38694],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38695,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38697,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38709],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38699,715],{"class":135},[59,38701,139],{"class":73},[59,38703,1651],{"class":697},[59,38705,139],{"class":73},[59,38707,38708],{"class":142},"evens",[59,38710,710],{"class":73},[20,38712,168],{},[50,38714,38715],{"className":52,"code":38389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,38716,38717],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38718,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38720,3914],{"class":73},[59,38722,195],{"class":178},[59,38724,87],{"class":73},[59,38726,2475],{"class":178},[59,38728,87],{"class":73},[59,38730,37441],{"class":178},[59,38732,107],{"class":73},[20,38734,38735,38736,38738],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38737,121],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[50,38740,38742],{"className":52,"code":38741,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38743,38744,38776,38784,38788,38800,38816,38831,38835],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38745,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38747,664],{"class":65},[59,38749,70],{"class":69},[59,38751,74],{"class":73},[59,38753,187],{"class":178},[59,38755,87],{"class":73},[59,38757,3009],{"class":178},[59,38759,87],{"class":73},[59,38761,2469],{"class":178},[59,38763,87],{"class":73},[59,38765,2475],{"class":178},[59,38767,87],{"class":73},[59,38769,4621],{"class":178},[59,38771,87],{"class":73},[59,38773,37441],{"class":178},[59,38775,107],{"class":73},[59,38777,38778,38780,38782],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38779,38663],{"class":65},[59,38781,70],{"class":69},[59,38783,7844],{"class":73},[59,38785,38786],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38787,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38791,121],{"class":120},[59,38793,6393],{"class":65},[59,38795,132],{"class":120},[59,38797,4277],{"class":65},[59,38799,1561],{"class":73},[59,38801,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,38803,6404],{"class":120},[59,38805,6393],{"class":65},[59,38807,6409],{"class":69},[59,38809,3009],{"class":178},[59,38811,6414],{"class":69},[59,38813,3848],{"class":178},[59,38815,1561],{"class":73},[59,38817,38818,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,38819,38820],{"class":65},"        evens",[59,38822,358],{"class":73},[59,38824,13552],{"class":142},[59,38826,139],{"class":73},[59,38828,896],{"class":142},[59,38830,165],{"class":73},[59,38832,38833],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,38834,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38836,38837,38839,38841,38843],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,38838,715],{"class":135},[59,38840,139],{"class":73},[59,38842,38708],{"class":142},[59,38844,165],{"class":73},[20,38846,168],{},[50,38848,38849],{"className":52,"code":38389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,38850,38851],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38852,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38854,3914],{"class":73},[59,38856,195],{"class":178},[59,38858,87],{"class":73},[59,38860,2475],{"class":178},[59,38862,87],{"class":73},[59,38864,37441],{"class":178},[59,38866,107],{"class":73},[20,38868,38869],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[50,38871,38873],{"className":52,"code":38872,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38874,38875,38907,38940,38944],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38878,664],{"class":65},[59,38880,70],{"class":69},[59,38882,74],{"class":73},[59,38884,187],{"class":178},[59,38886,87],{"class":73},[59,38888,3009],{"class":178},[59,38890,87],{"class":73},[59,38892,2469],{"class":178},[59,38894,87],{"class":73},[59,38896,2475],{"class":178},[59,38898,87],{"class":73},[59,38900,4621],{"class":178},[59,38902,87],{"class":73},[59,38904,37441],{"class":178},[59,38906,107],{"class":73},[59,38908,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,38910,38663],{"class":65},[59,38912,70],{"class":69},[59,38914,74],{"class":73},[59,38916,2236],{"class":65},[59,38918,121],{"class":120},[59,38920,6393],{"class":65},[59,38922,132],{"class":120},[59,38924,38925],{"class":65}," numbers ",[59,38927,7004],{"class":120},[59,38929,6393],{"class":65},[59,38931,6409],{"class":69},[59,38933,3009],{"class":178},[59,38935,6414],{"class":69},[59,38937,3848],{"class":178},[59,38939,107],{"class":73},[59,38941,38942],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,38943,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,38945,38946,38948,38950,38952],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,38947,715],{"class":135},[59,38949,139],{"class":73},[59,38951,38708],{"class":142},[59,38953,165],{"class":73},[20,38955,168],{},[50,38957,38958],{"className":52,"code":38389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,38959,38960],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,38961,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,38963,3914],{"class":73},[59,38965,195],{"class":178},[59,38967,87],{"class":73},[59,38969,2475],{"class":178},[59,38971,87],{"class":73},[59,38973,37441],{"class":178},[59,38975,107],{"class":73},[20,38977,38978,38979,358],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[354,38980,38982],{"href":38981},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[45,38984,1579],{"id":1578},[20,38986,14733,38987,358],{},[15,38988,37373],{},[1127,38990,8456,38992,38994],{"id":38991},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38993,37373],{}," to return a list",[20,38996,38997],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[50,38999,39001],{"className":52,"code":39000,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39002,39003,39045],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39004,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39006,692],{"class":65},[59,39008,70],{"class":69},[59,39010,37452],{"class":135},[59,39012,139],{"class":73},[59,39014,37457],{"class":887},[59,39016,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39018,1002],{"class":73},[59,39020,3894],{"class":142},[59,39022,4266],{"class":69},[59,39024,3009],{"class":178},[59,39026,87],{"class":73},[59,39028,74],{"class":73},[59,39030,187],{"class":178},[59,39032,87],{"class":73},[59,39034,3009],{"class":178},[59,39036,87],{"class":73},[59,39038,2469],{"class":178},[59,39040,87],{"class":73},[59,39042,2475],{"class":178},[59,39044,3902],{"class":73},[59,39046,39047,39049,39051,39053],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39048,715],{"class":135},[59,39050,139],{"class":73},[59,39052,720],{"class":142},[59,39054,165],{"class":73},[20,39056,39057],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39059,39060],{},"Fix:",[50,39062,39064],{"className":52,"code":39063,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39065,39066,39108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39067,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39069,692],{"class":65},[59,39071,70],{"class":69},[59,39073,37452],{"class":135},[59,39075,139],{"class":73},[59,39077,37457],{"class":887},[59,39079,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39081,1002],{"class":73},[59,39083,3894],{"class":142},[59,39085,4266],{"class":69},[59,39087,3009],{"class":178},[59,39089,87],{"class":73},[59,39091,74],{"class":73},[59,39093,187],{"class":178},[59,39095,87],{"class":73},[59,39097,3009],{"class":178},[59,39099,87],{"class":73},[59,39101,2469],{"class":178},[59,39103,87],{"class":73},[59,39105,2475],{"class":178},[59,39107,3902],{"class":73},[59,39109,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39111,715],{"class":135},[59,39113,139],{"class":73},[59,39115,1651],{"class":697},[59,39117,139],{"class":73},[59,39119,720],{"class":142},[59,39121,710],{"class":73},[1127,39123,39125,39126,2896,39128,39130],{"id":39124},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39127,3619],{},[15,39129,3689],{}," clearly",[20,39132,39133],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39135,39136],{},"Good example:",[50,39138,39140],{"className":52,"code":39139,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39141,39142,39155],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39143,39144,39146,39149,39151,39153],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39145,34839],{"class":887},[59,39147,39148],{"class":34842}," is_positive",[59,39150,139],{"class":73},[59,39152,896],{"class":37460},[59,39154,146],{"class":73},[59,39156,39157,39159,39161,39163],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39158,34850],{"class":120},[59,39160,6393],{"class":65},[59,39162,4266],{"class":69},[59,39164,38311],{"class":178},[20,39166,39167],{},"Then use it with:",[50,39169,39171],{"className":52,"code":39170,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39172,39173,39205],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39174,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39176,664],{"class":65},[59,39178,70],{"class":69},[59,39180,74],{"class":73},[59,39182,2047],{"class":69},[59,39184,195],{"class":178},[59,39186,87],{"class":73},[59,39188,2241],{"class":69},[59,39190,187],{"class":178},[59,39192,87],{"class":73},[59,39194,3848],{"class":178},[59,39196,87],{"class":73},[59,39198,5506],{"class":178},[59,39200,87],{"class":73},[59,39202,3009],{"class":178},[59,39204,107],{"class":73},[59,39206,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39222,39224,39226],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39208,715],{"class":135},[59,39210,139],{"class":73},[59,39212,1651],{"class":697},[59,39214,139],{"class":73},[59,39216,37399],{"class":135},[59,39218,139],{"class":73},[59,39220,39221],{"class":142},"is_positive",[59,39223,87],{"class":73},[59,39225,4277],{"class":142},[59,39227,1706],{"class":73},[20,39229,168],{},[50,39231,39233],{"className":52,"code":39232,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39234,39235],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39238,3914],{"class":73},[59,39240,187],{"class":178},[59,39242,87],{"class":73},[59,39244,3009],{"class":178},[59,39246,107],{"class":73},[1127,39248,39250],{"id":39249},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39252,39253],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[50,39255,39256],{"className":52,"code":37995,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,39257,39258,39300,39304,39318],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39259,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39261,692],{"class":65},[59,39263,70],{"class":69},[59,39265,37452],{"class":135},[59,39267,139],{"class":73},[59,39269,37457],{"class":887},[59,39271,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39273,1002],{"class":73},[59,39275,3894],{"class":142},[59,39277,4266],{"class":69},[59,39279,3009],{"class":178},[59,39281,87],{"class":73},[59,39283,74],{"class":73},[59,39285,187],{"class":178},[59,39287,87],{"class":73},[59,39289,3009],{"class":178},[59,39291,87],{"class":73},[59,39293,2469],{"class":178},[59,39295,87],{"class":73},[59,39297,2475],{"class":178},[59,39299,3902],{"class":73},[59,39301,39302],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39303,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,39305,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,39307,715],{"class":135},[59,39309,139],{"class":73},[59,39311,1651],{"class":697},[59,39313,139],{"class":73},[59,39315,720],{"class":142},[59,39317,710],{"class":73},[59,39319,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,39321,715],{"class":135},[59,39323,139],{"class":73},[59,39325,1651],{"class":697},[59,39327,139],{"class":73},[59,39329,720],{"class":142},[59,39331,710],{"class":73},[20,39333,168],{},[50,39335,39336],{"className":52,"code":38076,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,39337,39338,39350],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39339,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39341,3914],{"class":73},[59,39343,950],{"class":178},[59,39345,87],{"class":73},[59,39347,2475],{"class":178},[59,39349,107],{"class":73},[59,39351,39352],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39353,38095],{"class":73},[20,39355,39356],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[50,39358,39360],{"className":52,"code":39359,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39361,39362,39408,39412,39422],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39363,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39365,692],{"class":65},[59,39367,70],{"class":69},[59,39369,698],{"class":697},[59,39371,139],{"class":73},[59,39373,37399],{"class":135},[59,39375,139],{"class":73},[59,39377,37457],{"class":887},[59,39379,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39381,1002],{"class":73},[59,39383,3894],{"class":142},[59,39385,4266],{"class":69},[59,39387,3009],{"class":178},[59,39389,87],{"class":73},[59,39391,74],{"class":73},[59,39393,187],{"class":178},[59,39395,87],{"class":73},[59,39397,3009],{"class":178},[59,39399,87],{"class":73},[59,39401,2469],{"class":178},[59,39403,87],{"class":73},[59,39405,2475],{"class":178},[59,39407,1642],{"class":73},[59,39409,39410],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39411,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,39413,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,39415,715],{"class":135},[59,39417,139],{"class":73},[59,39419,720],{"class":142},[59,39421,165],{"class":73},[59,39423,39424,39426,39428,39430],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,39425,715],{"class":135},[59,39427,139],{"class":73},[59,39429,720],{"class":142},[59,39431,165],{"class":73},[1127,39433,39435],{"id":39434},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39437,39438],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39440,16644],{},[50,39442,39444],{"className":52,"code":39443,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39445,39446],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39447,39448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39449,39443],{"class":3678},[20,39451,39452,39453,6558],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39454,671],{},[20,39456,16656],{},[50,39458,39460],{"className":52,"code":39459,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39461,39462],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39463,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39465,715],{"class":135},[59,39467,139],{"class":73},[59,39469,1651],{"class":697},[59,39471,139],{"class":73},[59,39473,37399],{"class":135},[59,39475,139],{"class":73},[59,39477,37457],{"class":887},[59,39479,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39481,1002],{"class":73},[59,39483,3894],{"class":142},[59,39485,4266],{"class":69},[59,39487,3009],{"class":178},[59,39489,87],{"class":73},[59,39491,74],{"class":73},[59,39493,187],{"class":178},[59,39495,87],{"class":73},[59,39497,3009],{"class":178},[59,39499,87],{"class":73},[59,39501,2469],{"class":178},[59,39503,87],{"class":73},[59,39505,2475],{"class":178},[59,39507,1670],{"class":73},[1127,39509,1605,39511,1608,39513],{"id":39510},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39512,37373],{},[15,39514,39515],{},"map()",[29,39517,39518,39523],{},[32,39519,39520,39522],{},[15,39521,37373],{}," keeps or removes items",[32,39524,39525,39527],{},[15,39526,39515],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39529,39530,39531,1002],{},"Example of ",[15,39532,37373],{},[50,39534,39536],{"className":52,"code":39535,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39537,39538,39562],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39539,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39541,664],{"class":65},[59,39543,70],{"class":69},[59,39545,74],{"class":73},[59,39547,187],{"class":178},[59,39549,87],{"class":73},[59,39551,3009],{"class":178},[59,39553,87],{"class":73},[59,39555,2469],{"class":178},[59,39557,87],{"class":73},[59,39559,2475],{"class":178},[59,39561,107],{"class":73},[59,39563,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39565,715],{"class":135},[59,39567,139],{"class":73},[59,39569,1651],{"class":697},[59,39571,139],{"class":73},[59,39573,37399],{"class":135},[59,39575,139],{"class":73},[59,39577,37457],{"class":887},[59,39579,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39581,1002],{"class":73},[59,39583,3894],{"class":142},[59,39585,4266],{"class":69},[59,39587,3009],{"class":178},[59,39589,87],{"class":73},[59,39591,4277],{"class":142},[59,39593,1706],{"class":73},[20,39595,168],{},[50,39597,39599],{"className":52,"code":39598,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39600,39601],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39602,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39604,3914],{"class":73},[59,39606,950],{"class":178},[59,39608,87],{"class":73},[59,39610,2475],{"class":178},[59,39612,107],{"class":73},[20,39614,39530,39615,1002],{},[15,39616,39515],{},[50,39618,39620],{"className":52,"code":39619,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39621,39622,39646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39623,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39625,664],{"class":65},[59,39627,70],{"class":69},[59,39629,74],{"class":73},[59,39631,187],{"class":178},[59,39633,87],{"class":73},[59,39635,3009],{"class":178},[59,39637,87],{"class":73},[59,39639,2469],{"class":178},[59,39641,87],{"class":73},[59,39643,2475],{"class":178},[59,39645,107],{"class":73},[59,39647,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39672,39674,39676,39678],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39649,715],{"class":135},[59,39651,139],{"class":73},[59,39653,1651],{"class":697},[59,39655,139],{"class":73},[59,39657,39658],{"class":135},"map",[59,39660,139],{"class":73},[59,39662,37457],{"class":887},[59,39664,37461],{"class":37460},[59,39666,1002],{"class":73},[59,39668,3894],{"class":142},[59,39670,39671],{"class":69},"*",[59,39673,3009],{"class":178},[59,39675,87],{"class":73},[59,39677,4277],{"class":142},[59,39679,1706],{"class":73},[20,39681,168],{},[50,39683,39685],{"className":52,"code":39684,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39686,39687],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39690,3914],{"class":73},[59,39692,195],{"class":178},[59,39694,87],{"class":73},[59,39696,2475],{"class":178},[59,39698,87],{"class":73},[59,39700,37441],{"class":178},[59,39702,87],{"class":73},[59,39704,6366],{"class":178},[59,39706,107],{"class":73},[20,39708,39709,39710,358],{},"For the related function, see ",[354,39711,13,39713,536],{"href":39712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39714,39515],{},[45,39716,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,39718,1882,39720,39722],{"id":39719},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39721,37373],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39724,39725,39726,39728],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39727,24773],{}," if needed.",[1127,39730,39732,39733,39735],{"id":39731},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39734,37373],{}," need to return?",[20,39737,37680,39738,39740,39741,39743],{},[15,39739,3619],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39742,3689],{}," to remove it.",[1127,39745,28318,39747,39749],{"id":39746},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39748,37373],{}," without lambda?",[20,39751,39752],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1127,39754,1872,39756,39759],{"id":39755},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39757,39758],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39761,39762,39763,39765,39766,17072,39768,358],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39764,179],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39767,3792],{},[15,39769,3689],{},[1127,39771,1899,39773,39775],{"id":39772},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39774,37373],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39777,39778,39779,39781],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39780,121],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39783,39784],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[29,39786,39787,39793,39799],{},[32,39788,39789,39790,39792],{},"use ",[15,39791,37373],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[32,39794,39795,39796,39798],{},"use a ",[15,39797,121],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[32,39800,39801],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39803,39804,39805,358],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[354,39806,5146],{"href":39807},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[45,39809,1927],{"id":1926},[29,39811,39812,39817,39821,39826,39832],{},[32,39813,39814],{},[354,39815,39816],{"href":38252},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[32,39818,39819],{},[354,39820,5231],{"href":39807},[32,39822,39823],{},[354,39824,39825],{"href":38981},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[32,39827,39828],{},[354,39829,13,39830,536],{"href":39712},[15,39831,39515],{},[32,39833,39834],{},[354,39835,1951],{"href":1490},[1953,39837,39838],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":39840},[39841,39842,39844,39848,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39869,39881],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":37507,"depth":110,"text":39843},"What filter() does",{"id":37641,"depth":110,"text":37642,"children":39845},[39846,39847],{"id":37658,"depth":117,"text":37658},{"id":380,"depth":117,"text":380},{"id":37817,"depth":110,"text":37818,"children":39849},[39850],{"id":37988,"depth":117,"text":37989},{"id":38101,"depth":110,"text":39852},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38256,"depth":110,"text":39854},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38418,"depth":110,"text":39856},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38598,"depth":110,"text":39858},"When to use filter()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":39860},[39861,39863,39865,39866,39867],{"id":38991,"depth":117,"text":39862},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39124,"depth":117,"text":39864},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39249,"depth":117,"text":39250},{"id":39434,"depth":117,"text":39435},{"id":39510,"depth":117,"text":39868},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":39870},[39871,39873,39875,39877,39879],{"id":39719,"depth":117,"text":39872},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39731,"depth":117,"text":39874},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39746,"depth":117,"text":39876},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39755,"depth":117,"text":39878},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39772,"depth":117,"text":39880},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37365,"description":39882},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39889,"title":39890,"body":39891,"description":42044,"extension":1988,"meta":42045,"navigation":113,"path":42046,"seo":42047,"stem":42048,"__hash__":42049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39892,"toc":41998},[39893,39896,39901,39907,39909,39961,39963,39982,39987,39991,39996,39999,40014,40017,40039,40041,40090,40092,40116,40118,40120,40135,40140,40148,40163,40165,40174,40177,40212,40216,40221,40225,40232,40267,40269,40285,40289,40292,40333,40335,40349,40353,40356,40380,40382,40391,40395,40398,40431,40433,40446,40450,40456,40475,40477,40485,40489,40494,40498,40504,40527,40529,40558,40561,40580,40584,40587,40614,40616,40650,40654,40657,40681,40685,40696,40698,40703,40709,40711,40795,40797,40839,40842,40846,40853,40862,40918,40925,40934,40939,40943,41014,41016,41025,41029,41032,41076,41078,41087,41091,41097,41147,41151,41156,41160,41184,41186,41195,41199,41223,41225,41236,41240,41264,41266,41275,41278,41295,41301,41305,41311,41314,41319,41322,41343,41345,41377,41380,41385,41387,41398,41400,41444,41448,41455,41507,41509,41518,41522,41525,41618,41621,41645,41649,41652,41744,41749,41753,41760,41765,41789,41791,41800,41805,41828,41830,41838,41845,41868,41876,41878,41891,41901,41903,41907,41914,41918,41927,41931,41938,41942,41946,41950,41963,41965,41995],[10,39894,39890],{"id":39895},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39897,9127,39898,39900],{},[15,39899,2902],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39902,39903,39904,39906],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39905,2902],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[45,39908,48],{"id":47},[50,39910,39912],{"className":52,"code":39911,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39913,39914,39928,39947],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39915,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39917,715],{"class":135},[59,39919,139],{"class":73},[59,39921,2212],{"class":697},[59,39923,139],{"class":73},[59,39925,2159],{"class":178},[59,39927,710],{"class":73},[59,39929,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39943,39945],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39931,715],{"class":135},[59,39933,139],{"class":73},[59,39935,2212],{"class":697},[59,39937,139],{"class":73},[59,39939,78],{"class":77},[59,39941,39942],{"class":81},"3.14",[59,39944,78],{"class":77},[59,39946,710],{"class":73},[59,39948,39949,39951,39953,39955,39957,39959],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,39950,715],{"class":135},[59,39952,139],{"class":73},[59,39954,2212],{"class":697},[59,39956,139],{"class":73},[59,39958,3619],{"class":3867},[59,39960,710],{"class":73},[20,39962,168],{},[50,39964,39966],{"className":52,"code":39965,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39967,39968,39972,39977],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,39969,39970],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,39971,2497],{"class":178},[59,39973,39974],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,39975,39976],{"class":178},"3.14\n",[59,39978,39979],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,39980,39981],{"class":178},"1.0\n",[20,39983,201,39984,39986],{},[15,39985,2902],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[45,39988,39990],{"id":39989},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39992,39993,39995],{},[15,39994,2902],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39997,39998],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[29,40000,40001,40005,40009],{},[32,40002,40003],{},[15,40004,2509],{},[32,40006,40007],{},[15,40008,39942],{},[32,40010,40011],{},[15,40012,40013],{},"0.5",[20,40015,40016],{},"A few key points:",[29,40018,40019,40026,40029,40032],{},[32,40020,40021,40023,40024],{},[15,40022,2902],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40025,2212],{},[32,40027,40028],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[32,40030,40031],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[32,40033,40034,40035],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[354,40036,40037],{"href":8224},[15,40038,2975],{},[20,40040,239],{},[50,40042,40044],{"className":52,"code":40043,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40045,40046,40066,40076],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40047,40048,40050,40052,40055,40057,40059,40062,40064],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40049,2236],{"class":65},[59,40051,70],{"class":69},[59,40053,40054],{"class":697}," float",[59,40056,139],{"class":73},[59,40058,78],{"class":77},[59,40060,40061],{"class":81},"2.75",[59,40063,78],{"class":77},[59,40065,165],{"class":73},[59,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40069,715],{"class":135},[59,40071,139],{"class":73},[59,40073,896],{"class":142},[59,40075,165],{"class":73},[59,40077,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,40079,715],{"class":135},[59,40081,139],{"class":73},[59,40083,3239],{"class":697},[59,40085,139],{"class":73},[59,40087,896],{"class":142},[59,40089,710],{"class":73},[20,40091,168],{},[50,40093,40095],{"className":52,"code":40094,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40096,40097,40102],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40098,40099],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40100,40101],{"class":178},"2.75\n",[59,40103,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40105,1769],{"class":69},[59,40107,3310],{"class":887},[59,40109,1734],{"class":77},[59,40111,2212],{"class":81},[59,40113,1725],{"class":77},[59,40115,1788],{"class":69},[45,40117,362],{"id":361},[20,40119,7225],{},[50,40121,40123],{"className":52,"code":40122,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"float(value)\n",[15,40124,40125],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40126,40127,40129,40131,40133],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40128,2212],{"class":697},[59,40130,139],{"class":73},[59,40132,1217],{"class":142},[59,40134,165],{"class":73},[20,40136,40137,40138,358],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40139,2902],{},[20,40141,40142,40143,40145,40146,1002],{},"If you call ",[15,40144,2902],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40147,3782],{},[50,40149,40151],{"className":52,"code":40150,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float())\n",[15,40152,40153],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40154,40155,40157,40159,40161],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40156,715],{"class":135},[59,40158,139],{"class":73},[59,40160,2212],{"class":697},[59,40162,7201],{"class":73},[20,40164,168],{},[50,40166,40168],{"className":52,"code":40167,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0.0\n",[15,40169,40170],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40171,40172],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40173,40167],{"class":178},[20,40175,40176],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[50,40178,40180],{"className":52,"code":40179,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40181,40182,40202],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40183,40184,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40198,40200],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40185,40186],{"class":65},"price ",[59,40188,70],{"class":69},[59,40190,40054],{"class":697},[59,40192,139],{"class":73},[59,40194,78],{"class":77},[59,40196,40197],{"class":81},"19.99",[59,40199,78],{"class":77},[59,40201,165],{"class":73},[59,40203,40204,40206,40208,40210],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40205,715],{"class":135},[59,40207,139],{"class":73},[59,40209,25142],{"class":142},[59,40211,165],{"class":73},[45,40213,40215],{"id":40214},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40217,40218,40220],{},[15,40219,2902],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1127,40222,40224],{"id":40223},"integers","Integers",[20,40226,40227,40228,40231],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40229,40230],{},".0"," added:",[50,40233,40235],{"className":52,"code":40234,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40236,40237,40251],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40238,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40240,715],{"class":135},[59,40242,139],{"class":73},[59,40244,2212],{"class":697},[59,40246,139],{"class":73},[59,40248,2159],{"class":178},[59,40250,710],{"class":73},[59,40252,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40254,715],{"class":135},[59,40256,139],{"class":73},[59,40258,2212],{"class":697},[59,40260,139],{"class":73},[59,40262,2047],{"class":69},[59,40264,195],{"class":178},[59,40266,710],{"class":73},[20,40268,168],{},[50,40270,40272],{"className":52,"code":40271,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40273,40274,40278],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40275,40276],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40277,2497],{"class":178},[59,40279,40280,40282],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40281,2047],{"class":69},[59,40283,40284],{"class":178},"2.0\n",[1127,40286,40288],{"id":40287},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40290,40291],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[50,40293,40295],{"className":52,"code":40294,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40296,40297,40315],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40298,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40300,715],{"class":135},[59,40302,139],{"class":73},[59,40304,2212],{"class":697},[59,40306,139],{"class":73},[59,40308,78],{"class":77},[59,40310,39942],{"class":81},[59,40312,78],{"class":77},[59,40314,710],{"class":73},[59,40316,40317,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40318,715],{"class":135},[59,40320,139],{"class":73},[59,40322,2212],{"class":697},[59,40324,139],{"class":73},[59,40326,78],{"class":77},[59,40328,671],{"class":81},[59,40330,78],{"class":77},[59,40332,710],{"class":73},[20,40334,168],{},[50,40336,40338],{"className":52,"code":40337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40339,40340,40344],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40341,40342],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40343,39976],{"class":178},[59,40345,40346],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40347,40348],{"class":178},"10.0\n",[1127,40350,40352],{"id":40351},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40354,40355],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[50,40357,40359],{"className":52,"code":40358,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40360,40361],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373,40376,40378],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40364,715],{"class":135},[59,40366,139],{"class":73},[59,40368,2212],{"class":697},[59,40370,139],{"class":73},[59,40372,78],{"class":77},[59,40374,40375],{"class":81},"  8.5  ",[59,40377,78],{"class":77},[59,40379,710],{"class":73},[20,40381,168],{},[50,40383,40385],{"className":52,"code":40384,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"8.5\n",[15,40386,40387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40388,40389],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40390,40384],{"class":178},[1127,40392,40394],{"id":40393},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40396,40397],{},"Boolean values also work:",[50,40399,40401],{"className":52,"code":40400,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40402,40403,40417],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40404,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40406,715],{"class":135},[59,40408,139],{"class":73},[59,40410,2212],{"class":697},[59,40412,139],{"class":73},[59,40414,3619],{"class":3867},[59,40416,710],{"class":73},[59,40418,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40420,715],{"class":135},[59,40422,139],{"class":73},[59,40424,2212],{"class":697},[59,40426,139],{"class":73},[59,40428,3689],{"class":3867},[59,40430,710],{"class":73},[20,40432,168],{},[50,40434,40436],{"className":52,"code":40435,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40437,40438,40442],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40439,40440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40441,39981],{"class":178},[59,40443,40444],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40445,40167],{"class":178},[1127,40447,40449],{"id":40448},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40451,40452,40453,40455],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40454,2902],{}," returns a float version of it:",[50,40457,40459],{"className":52,"code":40458,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40460,40461],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40462,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40473],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40464,715],{"class":135},[59,40466,139],{"class":73},[59,40468,2212],{"class":697},[59,40470,139],{"class":73},[59,40472,2379],{"class":178},[59,40474,710],{"class":73},[20,40476,168],{},[50,40478,40479],{"className":52,"code":2403,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,40480,40481],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40482,40483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40484,2403],{"class":178},[45,40486,40488],{"id":40487},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40490,40491,40492,358],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40493,2902],{},[1127,40495,40497],{"id":40496},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40499,40500,40501,1002],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40502,40503],{},"ValueError",[50,40505,40507],{"className":52,"code":40506,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40508,40509],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40510,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40512,715],{"class":135},[59,40514,139],{"class":73},[59,40516,2212],{"class":697},[59,40518,139],{"class":73},[59,40520,78],{"class":77},[59,40522,3860],{"class":81},[59,40524,78],{"class":77},[59,40526,710],{"class":73},[20,40528,29669],{},[50,40530,40532],{"className":52,"code":40531,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40535,40536,40538,40540,40543,40545,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40537,40503],{"class":697},[59,40539,1002],{"class":73},[59,40541,40542],{"class":65}," could ",[59,40544,4647],{"class":69},[59,40546,40547],{"class":65}," convert string to ",[59,40549,2212],{"class":697},[59,40551,1002],{"class":73},[59,40553,1734],{"class":77},[59,40555,3860],{"class":81},[59,40557,29688],{"class":77},[20,40559,40560],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[50,40562,40564],{"className":52,"code":40563,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40565,40566],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40567,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40569,715],{"class":135},[59,40571,139],{"class":73},[59,40573,2212],{"class":697},[59,40575,139],{"class":73},[59,40577,6278],{"class":77},[59,40579,710],{"class":73},[1127,40581,40583],{"id":40582},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40585,40586],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[50,40588,40590],{"className":52,"code":40589,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40591,40592],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40593,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40595,715],{"class":135},[59,40597,139],{"class":73},[59,40599,2212],{"class":697},[59,40601,1629],{"class":73},[59,40603,187],{"class":178},[59,40605,87],{"class":73},[59,40607,3009],{"class":178},[59,40609,87],{"class":73},[59,40611,2469],{"class":178},[59,40613,1642],{"class":73},[20,40615,29669],{},[50,40617,40619],{"className":52,"code":40618,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40620,40621],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40622,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631,40634,40637,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40624,3021],{"class":697},[59,40626,1002],{"class":73},[59,40628,40054],{"class":697},[59,40630,7373],{"class":73},[59,40632,40633],{"class":65}," argument must be a string ",[59,40635,40636],{"class":69},"or",[59,40638,40639],{"class":65}," a real number",[59,40641,87],{"class":73},[59,40643,8104],{"class":69},[59,40645,1734],{"class":77},[59,40647,1651],{"class":81},[59,40649,29688],{"class":77},[1127,40651,40653],{"id":40652},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40655,40656],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[50,40658,40660],{"className":52,"code":40659,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40661,40662],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40663,40664,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674,40677,40679],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40665,715],{"class":135},[59,40667,139],{"class":73},[59,40669,2212],{"class":697},[59,40671,139],{"class":73},[59,40673,78],{"class":77},[59,40675,40676],{"class":81},"3,14",[59,40678,78],{"class":77},[59,40680,710],{"class":73},[20,40682,3018,40683,358],{},[15,40684,40503],{},[20,40686,40687,40688,4408,40692,358],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[354,40689,40691],{"href":40690},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[354,40693,40695],{"href":40694},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[45,40697,17419],{"id":17418},[20,40699,40700,40702],{},[15,40701,2902],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40704,40705,40706,40708],{},"It does ",[549,40707,4647],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40710,239],{},[50,40712,40714],{"className":52,"code":40713,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40715,40716,40729,40743,40747,40757,40767,40781],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40717,40718,40720,40722,40724,40727],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40719,34675],{"class":65},[59,40721,70],{"class":69},[59,40723,90],{"class":77},[59,40725,40726],{"class":81},"6.5",[59,40728,3374],{"class":77},[59,40730,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40732,2236],{"class":65},[59,40734,70],{"class":69},[59,40736,40054],{"class":697},[59,40738,139],{"class":73},[59,40740,34696],{"class":142},[59,40742,165],{"class":73},[59,40744,40745],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,40746,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,40748,40749,40751,40753,40755],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,40750,715],{"class":135},[59,40752,139],{"class":73},[59,40754,34696],{"class":142},[59,40756,165],{"class":73},[59,40758,40759,40761,40763,40765],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,40760,715],{"class":135},[59,40762,139],{"class":73},[59,40764,896],{"class":142},[59,40766,165],{"class":73},[59,40768,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,40770,715],{"class":135},[59,40772,139],{"class":73},[59,40774,3239],{"class":697},[59,40776,139],{"class":73},[59,40778,34696],{"class":142},[59,40780,710],{"class":73},[59,40782,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,40784,715],{"class":135},[59,40786,139],{"class":73},[59,40788,3239],{"class":697},[59,40790,139],{"class":73},[59,40792,896],{"class":142},[59,40794,710],{"class":73},[20,40796,168],{},[50,40798,40800],{"className":52,"code":40799,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40801,40802,40807,40811,40825],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40803,40804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40805,40806],{"class":178},"6.5\n",[59,40808,40809],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40810,40806],{"class":178},[59,40812,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821,40823],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,40814,1769],{"class":69},[59,40816,3310],{"class":887},[59,40818,1734],{"class":77},[59,40820,3460],{"class":81},[59,40822,1725],{"class":77},[59,40824,1788],{"class":69},[59,40826,40827,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,40828,1769],{"class":69},[59,40830,3310],{"class":887},[59,40832,1734],{"class":77},[59,40834,2212],{"class":81},[59,40836,1725],{"class":77},[59,40838,1788],{"class":69},[20,40840,40841],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[45,40843,40845],{"id":40844},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1127,40847,40849,40850,40852],{"id":40848},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40851,2975],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40854,2005,40855,40859,40860,358],{},[354,40856,40857,2320],{"href":8224},[15,40858,2975],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40861,2902],{},[50,40863,40865],{"className":52,"code":40864,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40866,40867,40886,40900,40904],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40868,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879,40882,40884],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40870,8242],{"class":65},[59,40872,70],{"class":69},[59,40874,8247],{"class":135},[59,40876,139],{"class":73},[59,40878,78],{"class":77},[59,40880,40881],{"class":81},"Enter a price: ",[59,40883,78],{"class":77},[59,40885,165],{"class":73},[59,40887,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40889,40186],{"class":65},[59,40891,70],{"class":69},[59,40893,40054],{"class":697},[59,40895,139],{"class":73},[59,40897,8271],{"class":142},[59,40899,165],{"class":73},[59,40901,40902],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,40903,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,40905,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,40907,715],{"class":135},[59,40909,139],{"class":73},[59,40911,40186],{"class":142},[59,40913,39671],{"class":69},[59,40915,3009],{"class":178},[59,40917,165],{"class":73},[20,40919,40920,40921,40924],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40922,40923],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[50,40926,40928],{"className":52,"code":40927,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"9.0\n",[15,40929,40930],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40931,40932],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40933,40927],{"class":178},[20,40935,40936,40937,358],{},"For more help with this, see ",[354,40938,8985],{"href":8984},[1127,40940,40942],{"id":40941},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[50,40944,40946],{"className":52,"code":40945,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40947,40948,40961,40974,40978,41003],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,40949,40950,40952,40954,40956,40959],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,40951,2572],{"class":65},[59,40953,70],{"class":69},[59,40955,90],{"class":77},[59,40957,40958],{"class":81},"2.5",[59,40960,3374],{"class":77},[59,40962,40963,40965,40967,40969,40972],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,40964,2600],{"class":65},[59,40966,70],{"class":69},[59,40968,90],{"class":77},[59,40970,40971],{"class":81},"1.5",[59,40973,3374],{"class":77},[59,40975,40976],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,40977,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,40979,40980,40983,40985,40987,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,40981,40982],{"class":65},"total ",[59,40984,70],{"class":69},[59,40986,40054],{"class":697},[59,40988,139],{"class":73},[59,40990,354],{"class":142},[59,40992,3675],{"class":73},[59,40994,2472],{"class":69},[59,40996,40054],{"class":697},[59,40998,139],{"class":73},[59,41000,442],{"class":142},[59,41002,165],{"class":73},[59,41004,41005,41007,41009,41012],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,41006,715],{"class":135},[59,41008,139],{"class":73},[59,41010,41011],{"class":142},"total",[59,41013,165],{"class":73},[20,41015,168],{},[50,41017,41019],{"className":52,"code":41018,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"4.0\n",[15,41020,41021],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41022,41023],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41024,41018],{"class":178},[1127,41026,41028],{"id":41027},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41030,41031],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[50,41033,41035],{"className":52,"code":41034,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41036,41037,41047,41062,41066],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41038,41039,41042,41044],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41040,41041],{"class":65},"count ",[59,41043,70],{"class":69},[59,41045,41046],{"class":178}," 7\n",[59,41048,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057,41060],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41050,692],{"class":65},[59,41052,70],{"class":69},[59,41054,40054],{"class":697},[59,41056,139],{"class":73},[59,41058,41059],{"class":142},"count",[59,41061,165],{"class":73},[59,41063,41064],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,41065,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41067,41068,41070,41072,41074],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,41069,715],{"class":135},[59,41071,139],{"class":73},[59,41073,720],{"class":142},[59,41075,165],{"class":73},[20,41077,168],{},[50,41079,41081],{"className":52,"code":41080,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"7.0\n",[15,41082,41083],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41084,41085],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41086,41080],{"class":178},[1127,41088,41090],{"id":41089},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41092,41093,41094,41096],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41095,2902],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[50,41098,41100],{"className":52,"code":41099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41101,41102,41116,41132,41136],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41103,41104,41107,41109,41111,41114],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41105,41106],{"class":65},"temperature_text ",[59,41108,70],{"class":69},[59,41110,90],{"class":77},[59,41112,41113],{"class":81},"21.8",[59,41115,3374],{"class":77},[59,41117,41118,41121,41123,41125,41127,41130],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41119,41120],{"class":65},"temperature ",[59,41122,70],{"class":69},[59,41124,40054],{"class":697},[59,41126,139],{"class":73},[59,41128,41129],{"class":142},"temperature_text",[59,41131,165],{"class":73},[59,41133,41134],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,41135,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41137,41138,41140,41142,41145],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,41139,715],{"class":135},[59,41141,139],{"class":73},[59,41143,41144],{"class":142},"temperature",[59,41146,165],{"class":73},[45,41148,41150],{"id":41149},"special-values","Special values",[20,41152,41153,41155],{},[15,41154,2902],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1127,41157,41159],{"id":41158},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[50,41161,41163],{"className":52,"code":41162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41164,41165],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41166,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177,41180,41182],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41168,715],{"class":135},[59,41170,139],{"class":73},[59,41172,2212],{"class":697},[59,41174,139],{"class":73},[59,41176,78],{"class":77},[59,41178,41179],{"class":81},"inf",[59,41181,78],{"class":77},[59,41183,710],{"class":73},[20,41185,168],{},[50,41187,41189],{"className":52,"code":41188,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"inf\n",[15,41190,41191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41192,41193],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41194,41188],{"class":65},[1127,41196,41198],{"id":41197},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[50,41200,41202],{"className":52,"code":41201,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41203,41204],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41205,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216,41219,41221],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41207,715],{"class":135},[59,41209,139],{"class":73},[59,41211,2212],{"class":697},[59,41213,139],{"class":73},[59,41215,78],{"class":77},[59,41217,41218],{"class":81},"-inf",[59,41220,78],{"class":77},[59,41222,710],{"class":73},[20,41224,168],{},[50,41226,41228],{"className":52,"code":41227,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"-inf\n",[15,41229,41230],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41231,41232,41234],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41233,2047],{"class":69},[59,41235,41188],{"class":65},[1127,41237,41239],{"id":41238},"not-a-number","Not a number",[50,41241,41243],{"className":52,"code":41242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41244,41245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41246,41247,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41260,41262],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41248,715],{"class":135},[59,41250,139],{"class":73},[59,41252,2212],{"class":697},[59,41254,139],{"class":73},[59,41256,78],{"class":77},[59,41258,41259],{"class":81},"nan",[59,41261,78],{"class":77},[59,41263,710],{"class":73},[20,41265,168],{},[50,41267,41269],{"className":52,"code":41268,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"nan\n",[15,41270,41271],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41272,41273],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41274,41268],{"class":65},[20,41276,41277],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[29,41279,41280,41285,41290],{},[32,41281,41282,41284],{},[15,41283,41179],{}," means positive infinity",[32,41286,41287,41289],{},[15,41288,41218],{}," means negative infinity",[32,41291,41292,41294],{},[15,41293,41259],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41296,41297,41298,41300],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41299,2902],{}," accepts them.",[45,41302,41304],{"id":41303},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41306,41307,41308,41310],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41309,2902],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1127,41312,40503],{"id":41313},"valueerror",[20,41315,15189,41316,41318],{},[15,41317,40503],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41320,41321],{},"Common causes:",[29,41323,41324,41330,41333,41336],{},[32,41325,41326,41327],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41328,41329],{},"\"abc\"",[32,41331,41332],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[32,41334,41335],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[32,41337,4721,41338],{},[354,41339,41340,41342],{"href":8224},[15,41341,2975],{}," returns a string",[20,41344,239],{},[50,41346,41348],{"className":52,"code":41347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41349,41350,41363],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41351,41352,41354,41356,41358,41361],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41353,2464],{"class":65},[59,41355,70],{"class":69},[59,41357,90],{"class":77},[59,41359,41360],{"class":81},"abc",[59,41362,3374],{"class":77},[59,41364,41365,41367,41369,41371,41373,41375],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41366,715],{"class":135},[59,41368,139],{"class":73},[59,41370,2212],{"class":697},[59,41372,139],{"class":73},[59,41374,1217],{"class":142},[59,41376,710],{"class":73},[1127,41378,3021],{"id":41379},"typeerror",[20,41381,15189,41382,41384],{},[15,41383,3021],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41386,41321],{},[29,41388,41389,41392,41395],{},[32,41390,41391],{},"Passing a list",[32,41393,41394],{},"Passing a dictionary",[32,41396,41397],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41399,239],{},[50,41401,41403],{"className":52,"code":41402,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41404,41405,41430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41406,41407,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41419,41421,41423,41426,41428],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41408,2464],{"class":65},[59,41410,70],{"class":69},[59,41412,10491],{"class":73},[59,41414,78],{"class":77},[59,41416,25142],{"class":81},[59,41418,78],{"class":77},[59,41420,1002],{"class":73},[59,41422,90],{"class":77},[59,41424,41425],{"class":81},"9.99",[59,41427,78],{"class":77},[59,41429,9309],{"class":73},[59,41431,41432,41434,41436,41438,41440,41442],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41433,715],{"class":135},[59,41435,139],{"class":73},[59,41437,2212],{"class":697},[59,41439,139],{"class":73},[59,41441,1217],{"class":142},[59,41443,710],{"class":73},[1127,41445,41447],{"id":41446},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41449,41450,41451,41454],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41452,41453],{},"strip()"," can help:",[50,41456,41458],{"className":52,"code":41457,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41459,41460,41473,41488,41492],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41461,41462,41464,41466,41468,41471],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41463,2464],{"class":65},[59,41465,70],{"class":69},[59,41467,90],{"class":77},[59,41469,41470],{"class":81},"  7.25  ",[59,41472,3374],{"class":77},[59,41474,41475,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41476,41477],{"class":65},"clean_value ",[59,41479,70],{"class":69},[59,41481,1196],{"class":65},[59,41483,358],{"class":73},[59,41485,8638],{"class":142},[59,41487,8647],{"class":73},[59,41489,41490],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,41491,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41493,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41505],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,41495,715],{"class":135},[59,41497,139],{"class":73},[59,41499,2212],{"class":697},[59,41501,139],{"class":73},[59,41503,41504],{"class":142},"clean_value",[59,41506,710],{"class":73},[20,41508,168],{},[50,41510,41512],{"className":52,"code":41511,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"7.25\n",[15,41513,41514],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41515,41516],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41517,41511],{"class":178},[1127,41519,41521],{"id":41520},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41523,41524],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[50,41526,41528],{"className":52,"code":41527,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41529,41530,41543,41547,41557,41571,41586,41590,41604],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41531,41532,41534,41536,41538,41541],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41533,2464],{"class":65},[59,41535,70],{"class":69},[59,41537,90],{"class":77},[59,41539,41540],{"class":81}," 3.5 ",[59,41542,3374],{"class":77},[59,41544,41545],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41546,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41548,41549,41551,41553,41555],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,41550,715],{"class":135},[59,41552,139],{"class":73},[59,41554,1217],{"class":142},[59,41556,165],{"class":73},[59,41558,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41569],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,41560,715],{"class":135},[59,41562,139],{"class":73},[59,41564,3239],{"class":697},[59,41566,139],{"class":73},[59,41568,1217],{"class":142},[59,41570,710],{"class":73},[59,41572,41573,41575,41577,41580,41582,41584],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,41574,715],{"class":135},[59,41576,139],{"class":73},[59,41578,41579],{"class":135},"repr",[59,41581,139],{"class":73},[59,41583,1217],{"class":142},[59,41585,710],{"class":73},[59,41587,41588],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,41589,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41591,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,41593,41477],{"class":65},[59,41595,70],{"class":69},[59,41597,1196],{"class":65},[59,41599,358],{"class":73},[59,41601,8638],{"class":142},[59,41603,8647],{"class":73},[59,41605,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,41607,715],{"class":135},[59,41609,139],{"class":73},[59,41611,2212],{"class":697},[59,41613,139],{"class":73},[59,41615,41504],{"class":142},[59,41617,710],{"class":73},[20,41619,41620],{},"Why this helps:",[29,41622,41623,41629,41634,41640],{},[32,41624,41625,41628],{},[15,41626,41627],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[32,41630,41631,21367],{},[15,41632,41633],{},"print(type(value))",[32,41635,41636,41639],{},[15,41637,41638],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[32,41641,41642,41644],{},[15,41643,41453],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1127,41646,41648],{"id":41647},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41650,41651],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[50,41653,41655],{"className":52,"code":41654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41656,41657,41676,41680,41686,41701,41720,41729],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41658,41659,41661,41663,41665,41667,41669,41672,41674],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41660,2464],{"class":65},[59,41662,70],{"class":69},[59,41664,8247],{"class":135},[59,41666,139],{"class":73},[59,41668,78],{"class":77},[59,41670,41671],{"class":81},"Enter a number: ",[59,41673,78],{"class":77},[59,41675,165],{"class":73},[59,41677,41678],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,41679,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,41681,41682,41684],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,41683,29792],{"class":120},[59,41685,1561],{"class":73},[59,41687,41688,41691,41693,41695,41697,41699],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,41689,41690],{"class":65},"    number ",[59,41692,70],{"class":69},[59,41694,40054],{"class":697},[59,41696,139],{"class":73},[59,41698,1217],{"class":142},[59,41700,165],{"class":73},[59,41702,41703,41705,41707,41709,41712,41714,41716,41718],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,41704,152],{"class":135},[59,41706,139],{"class":73},[59,41708,78],{"class":77},[59,41710,41711],{"class":81},"Converted:",[59,41713,78],{"class":77},[59,41715,87],{"class":73},[59,41717,854],{"class":142},[59,41719,165],{"class":73},[59,41721,41722,41724,41727],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,41723,29823],{"class":120},[59,41725,41726],{"class":697}," ValueError",[59,41728,1561],{"class":73},[59,41730,41731,41733,41735,41737,41740,41742],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,41732,152],{"class":135},[59,41734,139],{"class":73},[59,41736,78],{"class":77},[59,41738,41739],{"class":81},"That is not a valid number.",[59,41741,78],{"class":77},[59,41743,165],{"class":73},[20,41745,41746,41747,358],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[354,41748,40695],{"href":40694},[45,41750,41752],{"id":41751},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41754,10591,41755,4408,41757,41759],{},[15,41756,2902],{},[15,41758,2895],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41761,41762,41764],{},[15,41763,2902],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[50,41766,41768],{"className":52,"code":41767,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41769,41770],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41771,41772,41774,41776,41778,41780,41782,41785,41787],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41773,715],{"class":135},[59,41775,139],{"class":73},[59,41777,2212],{"class":697},[59,41779,139],{"class":73},[59,41781,78],{"class":77},[59,41783,41784],{"class":81},"3.9",[59,41786,78],{"class":77},[59,41788,710],{"class":73},[20,41790,168],{},[50,41792,41794],{"className":52,"code":41793,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.9\n",[15,41795,41796],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41797,41798],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41799,41793],{"class":178},[20,41801,41802,41804],{},[15,41803,2895],{}," creates whole numbers:",[50,41806,41808],{"className":52,"code":41807,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41809,41810],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41811,41812,41814,41816,41818,41820,41822,41824,41826],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41813,715],{"class":135},[59,41815,139],{"class":73},[59,41817,2209],{"class":697},[59,41819,139],{"class":73},[59,41821,78],{"class":77},[59,41823,671],{"class":81},[59,41825,78],{"class":77},[59,41827,710],{"class":73},[20,41829,168],{},[50,41831,41832],{"className":52,"code":2393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,41833,41834],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41835,41836],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41837,2393],{"class":178},[20,41839,41840,41841,41844],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41842,41843],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[50,41846,41848],{"className":52,"code":41847,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41849,41850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,41851,41852,41854,41856,41858,41860,41862,41864,41866],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,41853,715],{"class":135},[59,41855,139],{"class":73},[59,41857,2209],{"class":697},[59,41859,139],{"class":73},[59,41861,78],{"class":77},[59,41863,41784],{"class":81},[59,41865,78],{"class":77},[59,41867,710],{"class":73},[20,41869,3018,41870,8605,41872,41875],{},[15,41871,40503],{},[15,41873,41874],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41877,10714],{},[29,41879,41880,41886],{},[32,41881,41882,41885],{},[15,41883,41884],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[32,41887,41888,41890],{},[15,41889,41843],{}," fails",[20,41892,41893,41894,41897,41898,41900],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[354,41895,41896],{"href":2892},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[354,41899,2437],{"href":2436}," helpful.",[45,41902,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,41904,41906],{"id":41905},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41908,41909,41910,2896,41912,358],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41911,2509],{},[15,41913,39942],{},[1127,41915,41917],{"id":41916},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41919,41920,41921,2896,41924,358],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41922,41923],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41925,41926],{},"\"10\"",[1127,41928,41930],{"id":41929},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41932,1397,41933,41935,41936,358],{},[15,41934,41329],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41937,40503],{},[1127,41939,41941],{"id":41940},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41943,5159,41944,358],{},[15,41945,3782],{},[1127,41947,41949],{"id":41948},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41951,41952,41953,41955,41956,4408,41959,41955,41961,358],{},"Yes. ",[15,41954,3619],{}," becomes ",[15,41957,41958],{},"1.0",[15,41960,3689],{},[15,41962,3782],{},[45,41964,1927],{"id":1926},[29,41966,41967,41971,41977,41982,41986,41990],{},[32,41968,41969],{},[354,41970,41896],{"href":2892},[32,41972,41973],{},[354,41974,41976],{"href":41975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[32,41978,41979],{},[354,41980,41981],{"href":40690},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[32,41983,41984],{},[354,41985,9062],{"href":8984},[32,41987,41988],{},[354,41989,40695],{"href":40694},[32,41991,41992],{},[354,41993,41994],{"href":8224},"Python input() Function Explained",[1953,41996,41997],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":41999},[42000,42001,42002,42003,42010,42015,42016,42023,42028,42035,42036,42043],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":39989,"depth":110,"text":39990},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":40214,"depth":110,"text":40215,"children":42004},[42005,42006,42007,42008,42009],{"id":40223,"depth":117,"text":40224},{"id":40287,"depth":117,"text":40288},{"id":40351,"depth":117,"text":40352},{"id":40393,"depth":117,"text":40394},{"id":40448,"depth":117,"text":40449},{"id":40487,"depth":110,"text":40488,"children":42011},[42012,42013,42014],{"id":40496,"depth":117,"text":40497},{"id":40582,"depth":117,"text":40583},{"id":40652,"depth":117,"text":40653},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":40844,"depth":110,"text":40845,"children":42017},[42018,42020,42021,42022],{"id":40848,"depth":117,"text":42019},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40941,"depth":117,"text":40942},{"id":41027,"depth":117,"text":41028},{"id":41089,"depth":117,"text":41090},{"id":41149,"depth":110,"text":41150,"children":42024},[42025,42026,42027],{"id":41158,"depth":117,"text":41159},{"id":41197,"depth":117,"text":41198},{"id":41238,"depth":117,"text":41239},{"id":41303,"depth":110,"text":41304,"children":42029},[42030,42031,42032,42033,42034],{"id":41313,"depth":117,"text":40503},{"id":41379,"depth":117,"text":3021},{"id":41446,"depth":117,"text":41447},{"id":41520,"depth":117,"text":41521},{"id":41647,"depth":117,"text":41648},{"id":41751,"depth":110,"text":41752},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":42037},[42038,42039,42040,42041,42042],{"id":41905,"depth":117,"text":41906},{"id":41916,"depth":117,"text":41917},{"id":41929,"depth":117,"text":41930},{"id":41940,"depth":117,"text":41941},{"id":41948,"depth":117,"text":41949},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39890,"description":42044},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42051,"title":42052,"body":42053,"description":43274,"extension":1988,"meta":43275,"navigation":113,"path":35012,"seo":43276,"stem":43277,"__hash__":43278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42054,"toc":43240},[42055,42058,42063,42066,42068,42107,42121,42125,42130,42133,42150,42153,42163,42178,42181,42183,42186,42202,42205,42208,42228,42232,42243,42246,42250,42254,42268,42303,42307,42318,42353,42356,42358,42366,42399,42415,42417,42427,42448,42459,42461,42466,42469,42483,42485,42504,42507,42520,42523,42527,42531,42545,42548,42566,42569,42584,42588,42593,42607,42613,42615,42672,42674,42707,42710,42726,42730,42737,42741,42746,42749,42760,42764,42769,42784,42793,42798,42817,42820,42832,42834,42839,42849,42852,42881,42886,42895,42899,42904,42907,42911,42916,42918,42948,42951,42958,42963,42968,42972,42975,42983,42986,43064,43067,43089,43091,43095,43098,43102,43108,43171,43175,43183,43187,43190,43192,43217,43237],[10,42056,42052],{"id":42057},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42059,3597,42060,42062],{},[15,42061,35015],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42064,42065],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[45,42067,48],{"id":47},[50,42069,42071],{"className":52,"code":42070,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42072,42073,42083,42093],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42074,42075,42077,42079,42081],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42076,32141],{"class":135},[59,42078,139],{"class":73},[59,42080,11163],{"class":135},[59,42082,165],{"class":73},[59,42084,42085,42087,42089,42091],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42086,32141],{"class":135},[59,42088,139],{"class":73},[59,42090,3460],{"class":697},[59,42092,165],{"class":73},[59,42094,42095,42097,42099,42101,42103,42105],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,42096,32141],{"class":135},[59,42098,139],{"class":73},[59,42100,1725],{"class":77},[59,42102,34646],{"class":81},[59,42104,1725],{"class":77},[59,42106,165],{"class":73},[20,42108,201,42109,42111,42112,2896,42114,42116,42117,42120],{},[15,42110,35015],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42113,11163],{},[15,42115,3460],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42118,42119],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[45,42122,42124],{"id":42123},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42126,42127,42129],{},[15,42128,35015],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42131,42132],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[29,42134,42135,42138,42141,42144,42147],{},[32,42136,42137],{},"Functions",[32,42139,42140],{},"Classes",[32,42142,42143],{},"Methods",[32,42145,42146],{},"Modules",[32,42148,42149],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42151,42152],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42154,42155,42156,42162],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[354,42157,42159],{"href":42158},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42160,42161],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[50,42164,42166],{"className":52,"code":42165,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(len)\n",[15,42167,42168],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42169,42170,42172,42174,42176],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42171,32141],{"class":135},[59,42173,139],{"class":73},[59,42175,11163],{"class":135},[59,42177,165],{"class":73},[20,42179,42180],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[45,42182,362],{"id":361},[20,42184,42185],{},"The main form is:",[50,42187,42189],{"className":52,"code":42188,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(object)\n",[15,42190,42191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42192,42193,42195,42197,42200],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42194,32141],{"class":135},[59,42196,139],{"class":73},[59,42198,42199],{"class":697},"object",[59,42201,165],{"class":73},[20,42203,42204],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42206,42207],{},"Common examples include:",[29,42209,42210,42214,42219,42223],{},[32,42211,42212],{},[15,42213,11163],{},[32,42215,42216],{},[15,42217,42218],{},"list.append",[32,42220,42221],{},[15,42222,3460],{},[32,42224,42225],{},[15,42226,42227],{},"open",[20,42229,7182,42230,7185],{},[15,42231,35015],{},[50,42233,42235],{"className":52,"code":42234,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help()\n",[15,42236,42237],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42238,42239,42241],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42240,32141],{"class":135},[59,42242,8647],{"class":73},[20,42244,42245],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[45,42247,42249],{"id":42248},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1127,42251,42253],{"id":42252},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42255,42256,42257,1208,42259,1208,42261,17072,42264,358],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42258,11163],{},[15,42260,715],{},[15,42262,42263],{},"input",[354,42265,42266],{"href":2316},[15,42267,2319],{},[50,42269,42271],{"className":52,"code":42270,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42272,42273,42283,42293],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42274,42275,42277,42279,42281],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42276,32141],{"class":135},[59,42278,139],{"class":73},[59,42280,715],{"class":135},[59,42282,165],{"class":73},[59,42284,42285,42287,42289,42291],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42286,32141],{"class":135},[59,42288,139],{"class":73},[59,42290,42263],{"class":135},[59,42292,165],{"class":73},[59,42294,42295,42297,42299,42301],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,42296,32141],{"class":135},[59,42298,139],{"class":73},[59,42300,3239],{"class":697},[59,42302,165],{"class":73},[1127,42304,42306],{"id":42305},"data-types","Data types",[20,42308,42309,42310,1208,42312,1208,42314,17072,42316,358],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42311,3460],{},[15,42313,1651],{},[15,42315,8825],{},[15,42317,6293],{},[50,42319,42321],{"className":52,"code":42320,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42322,42323,42333,42343],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42324,42325,42327,42329,42331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42326,32141],{"class":135},[59,42328,139],{"class":73},[59,42330,3460],{"class":697},[59,42332,165],{"class":73},[59,42334,42335,42337,42339,42341],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42336,32141],{"class":135},[59,42338,139],{"class":73},[59,42340,1651],{"class":697},[59,42342,165],{"class":73},[59,42344,42345,42347,42349,42351],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,42346,32141],{"class":135},[59,42348,139],{"class":73},[59,42350,8825],{"class":697},[59,42352,165],{"class":73},[20,42354,42355],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1127,42357,42143],{"id":34493},[20,42359,42360,42361,4408,42364,358],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42362,42363],{},"str.split",[15,42365,42218],{},[50,42367,42369],{"className":52,"code":42368,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42370,42371,42385],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42372,42373,42375,42377,42379,42381,42383],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42374,32141],{"class":135},[59,42376,139],{"class":73},[59,42378,3460],{"class":697},[59,42380,358],{"class":73},[59,42382,34456],{"class":929},[59,42384,165],{"class":73},[59,42386,42387,42389,42391,42393,42395,42397],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42388,32141],{"class":135},[59,42390,139],{"class":73},[59,42392,1651],{"class":697},[59,42394,358],{"class":73},[59,42396,13552],{"class":929},[59,42398,165],{"class":73},[20,42400,42401,42402,1608,42404,902,42409,42411,42412,42414],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42403,35015],{},[354,42405,42407],{"href":42406},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42408,34299],{},[15,42410,34299],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42413,35015],{}," explains one of them.",[1127,42416,42146],{"id":34646},[20,42418,42419,42420,1208,42422,17072,42424,358],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42421,18415],{},[15,42423,35178],{},[15,42425,42426],{},"os",[50,42428,42430],{"className":52,"code":42429,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42431,42432,42438],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42433,42434,42436],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42435,35079],{"class":120},[59,42437,35082],{"class":65},[59,42439,42440,42442,42444,42446],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42441,32141],{"class":135},[59,42443,139],{"class":73},[59,42445,18415],{"class":142},[59,42447,165],{"class":73},[20,42449,42450,42451,42455,42456,358],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[354,42452,42454],{"href":42453},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[354,42457,35145],{"href":42458},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[45,42460,34906],{"id":34905},[20,42462,42463,42465],{},[15,42464,35015],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42467,42468],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[29,42470,42471,42474,42477,42480],{},[32,42472,42473],{},"The function signature",[32,42475,42476],{},"The short description",[32,42478,42479],{},"Parameter names",[32,42481,42482],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42484,5480],{},[50,42486,42488],{"className":52,"code":42487,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42489,42490],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42491,42492,42494,42496,42498,42500,42502],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42493,32141],{"class":135},[59,42495,139],{"class":73},[59,42497,3460],{"class":697},[59,42499,358],{"class":73},[59,42501,34456],{"class":929},[59,42503,165],{"class":73},[20,42505,42506],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[29,42508,42509,42512,42515,42517],{},[32,42510,42511],{},"What object this is",[32,42513,42514],{},"What arguments it accepts",[32,42516,21967],{},[32,42518,42519],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42521,42522],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[45,42524,42526],{"id":42525},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42528,42529,29862],{},[15,42530,35015],{},[29,42532,42533,42536,42539,42542],{},[32,42534,42535],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[32,42537,42538],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[32,42540,42541],{},"You are exploring a new module",[32,42543,42544],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42546,42547],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[50,42549,42550],{"className":52,"code":42487,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,42551,42552],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42553,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562,42564],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42555,32141],{"class":135},[59,42557,139],{"class":73},[59,42559,3460],{"class":697},[59,42561,358],{"class":73},[59,42563,34456],{"class":929},[59,42565,165],{"class":73},[20,42567,42568],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[50,42570,42572],{"className":52,"code":42571,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(open)\n",[15,42573,42574],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42575,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42577,32141],{"class":135},[59,42579,139],{"class":73},[59,42581,42227],{"class":135},[59,42583,165],{"class":73},[45,42585,42587],{"id":42586},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42589,42590,42592],{},[15,42591,35015],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[29,42594,42595,42598,42601,42604],{},[32,42596,42597],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[32,42599,42600],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[32,42602,42603],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[32,42605,42606],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42608,42609,42610,42612],{},"So, ",[15,42611,35015],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42614,5480],{},[50,42616,42618],{"className":52,"code":42617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42619,42620,42633,42657,42661],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42621,42622,42624,42626,42628,42631],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42623,34675],{"class":65},[59,42625,70],{"class":69},[59,42627,90],{"class":77},[59,42629,42630],{"class":81},"a,b,c",[59,42632,3374],{"class":77},[59,42634,42635,42638,42640,42643,42645,42647,42649,42651,42653,42655],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42636,42637],{"class":65},"parts ",[59,42639,70],{"class":69},[59,42641,42642],{"class":65}," text",[59,42644,358],{"class":73},[59,42646,34456],{"class":142},[59,42648,139],{"class":73},[59,42650,78],{"class":77},[59,42652,87],{"class":81},[59,42654,78],{"class":77},[59,42656,165],{"class":73},[59,42658,42659],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,42660,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,42662,42663,42665,42667,42670],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,42664,715],{"class":135},[59,42666,139],{"class":73},[59,42668,42669],{"class":142},"parts",[59,42671,165],{"class":73},[20,42673,5568],{},[50,42675,42677],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42678,42679],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42680,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689,42691,42693,42695,42697,42699,42701,42703,42705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42682,3914],{"class":73},[59,42684,1725],{"class":77},[59,42686,354],{"class":81},[59,42688,1725],{"class":77},[59,42690,87],{"class":73},[59,42692,1734],{"class":77},[59,42694,442],{"class":81},[59,42696,1725],{"class":77},[59,42698,87],{"class":73},[59,42700,1734],{"class":77},[59,42702,451],{"class":81},[59,42704,1725],{"class":77},[59,42706,107],{"class":73},[20,42708,42709],{},"A good workflow is:",[28703,42711,42712,42717,42720,42723],{},[32,42713,201,42714,42716],{},[15,42715,35015],{}," to inspect something",[32,42718,42719],{},"Write a tiny example",[32,42721,42722],{},"Check the result",[32,42724,42725],{},"Repeat",[45,42727,42729],{"id":42728},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42731,42732,4408,42734,42736],{},[15,42733,35015],{},[15,42735,34299],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1127,42738,42739],{"id":32141},[15,42740,35015],{},[20,42742,201,42743,42745],{},[15,42744,35015],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42747,42748],{},"It tells you:",[29,42750,42751,42754,42757],{},[32,42752,42753],{},"What something is",[32,42755,42756],{},"How to use it",[32,42758,42759],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1127,42761,42762],{"id":34360},[15,42763,34299],{},[20,42765,201,42766,42768],{},[15,42767,34299],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[50,42770,42772],{"className":52,"code":42771,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dir(str)\n",[15,42773,42774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42775,42776,42778,42780,42782],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42777,34360],{"class":135},[59,42779,139],{"class":73},[59,42781,3460],{"class":697},[59,42783,165],{"class":73},[20,42785,42786,42787,1208,42789,17072,42791,358],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42788,34456],{},[15,42790,8638],{},[15,42792,8644],{},[20,42794,42795,42796,1002],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42797,35015],{},[50,42799,42801],{"className":52,"code":42800,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42802,42803],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42804,42805,42807,42809,42811,42813,42815],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42806,32141],{"class":135},[59,42808,139],{"class":73},[59,42810,3460],{"class":697},[59,42812,358],{"class":73},[59,42814,8644],{"class":929},[59,42816,165],{"class":73},[20,42818,42819],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[29,42821,42822,42827],{},[32,42823,201,42824,42826],{},[15,42825,34299],{}," to discover options",[32,42828,201,42829,42831],{},[15,42830,35015],{}," to understand one option",[45,42833,1579],{"id":1578},[20,42835,42836,42837,358],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42838,35015],{},[1127,42840,1599,42842,42845,42846],{"id":42841},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42843,42844],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42847,42848],{},"help(len)",[20,42850,42851],{},"These are not always the same.",[50,42853,42855],{"className":52,"code":42854,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42856,42857,42867],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42858,42859,42861,42863,42865],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42860,32141],{"class":135},[59,42862,139],{"class":73},[59,42864,11163],{"class":135},[59,42866,165],{"class":73},[59,42868,42869,42871,42873,42875,42877,42879],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42870,32141],{"class":135},[59,42872,139],{"class":73},[59,42874,1725],{"class":77},[59,42876,11163],{"class":81},[59,42878,1725],{"class":77},[59,42880,165],{"class":73},[20,42882,42883,42885],{},[15,42884,42848],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42887,42888,42890,42891,42894],{},[15,42889,42844],{}," treats ",[15,42892,42893],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1127,42896,42898],{"id":42897},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42900,42901,42903],{},[15,42902,35015],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42905,42906],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1127,42908,42910],{"id":42909},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42912,40142,42913,42915],{},[15,42914,35015],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42917,239],{},[50,42919,42921],{"className":52,"code":42920,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42922,42923,42933],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42924,42925,42927,42929,42931],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42926,32141],{"class":135},[59,42928,139],{"class":73},[59,42930,11163],{"class":135},[59,42932,165],{"class":73},[59,42934,42935,42937,42939,42941,42944,42946],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,42936,715],{"class":135},[59,42938,139],{"class":73},[59,42940,78],{"class":77},[59,42942,42943],{"class":81},"Done",[59,42945,78],{"class":77},[59,42947,165],{"class":73},[20,42949,42950],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1127,42952,1605,42954,1608,42956],{"id":42953},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42955,35015],{},[15,42957,34299],{},[20,42959,42960,42961,358],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42962,34299],{},[20,42964,42965,42966,358],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42967,35015],{},[45,42969,42971],{"id":42970},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42973,42974],{},"Open Python:",[50,42976,42977],{"className":52,"code":35531,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,42978,42979],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42980,42981],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42982,35531],{"class":65},[20,42984,42985],{},"Then test these commands:",[50,42987,42989],{"className":52,"code":42988,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42990,42991,43001,43015,43029,43039,43054],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,42992,42993,42995,42997,42999],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,42994,32141],{"class":135},[59,42996,139],{"class":73},[59,42998,11163],{"class":135},[59,43000,165],{"class":73},[59,43002,43003,43005,43007,43009,43011,43013],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43004,32141],{"class":135},[59,43006,139],{"class":73},[59,43008,3460],{"class":697},[59,43010,358],{"class":73},[59,43012,34456],{"class":929},[59,43014,165],{"class":73},[59,43016,43017,43019,43021,43023,43025,43027],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43018,32141],{"class":135},[59,43020,139],{"class":73},[59,43022,1651],{"class":697},[59,43024,358],{"class":73},[59,43026,13552],{"class":929},[59,43028,165],{"class":73},[59,43030,43031,43033,43035,43037],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43032,32141],{"class":135},[59,43034,139],{"class":73},[59,43036,42227],{"class":135},[59,43038,165],{"class":73},[59,43040,43041,43043,43045,43047,43050,43052],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43042,32141],{"class":135},[59,43044,139],{"class":73},[59,43046,1725],{"class":77},[59,43048,43049],{"class":81},"keywords",[59,43051,1725],{"class":77},[59,43053,165],{"class":73},[59,43055,43056,43058,43060,43062],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,43057,34360],{"class":135},[59,43059,139],{"class":73},[59,43061,3460],{"class":697},[59,43063,165],{"class":73},[20,43065,43066],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[29,43068,43069,43072,43075,43078,43081,43084],{},[32,43070,43071],{},"A built-in function",[32,43073,43074],{},"A string method",[32,43076,43077],{},"A list method",[32,43079,43080],{},"A built-in file function",[32,43082,43083],{},"A special help topic",[32,43085,15189,43086,43088],{},[15,43087,34299],{}," example for comparison",[45,43090,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,43092,43094],{"id":43093},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43096,43097],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1127,43099,43101],{"id":43100},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43103,43104,43105,43107],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43106,35015],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[50,43109,43111],{"className":52,"code":43110,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43112,43113,43125,43138,43157,43161],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43114,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43116,34839],{"class":887},[59,43118,34843],{"class":34842},[59,43120,139],{"class":73},[59,43122,7676],{"class":37460},[59,43124,146],{"class":73},[59,43126,43127,43131,43135],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43128,43130],{"class":43129},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[59,43132,43134],{"class":43133},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[59,43136,43137],{"class":43129},"\"\"\"\n",[59,43139,43140,43142,43145,43148,43150,43152,43154],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43141,34850],{"class":120},[59,43143,43144],{"class":887}," f",[59,43146,43147],{"class":81},"\"Hello, ",[59,43149,893],{"class":178},[59,43151,7676],{"class":65},[59,43153,899],{"class":178},[59,43155,43156],{"class":81},"!\"\n",[59,43158,43159],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43160,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43162,43163,43165,43167,43169],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43164,32141],{"class":135},[59,43166,139],{"class":73},[59,43168,34885],{"class":142},[59,43170,165],{"class":73},[1127,43172,43174],{"id":43173},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43176,43177,43179,43180,43182],{},[15,43178,42848],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43181,42844],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1127,43184,43186],{"id":43185},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43188,43189],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[45,43191,1927],{"id":1926},[29,43193,43194,43199,43203,43208,43213],{},[32,43195,43196],{},[354,43197,43198],{"href":42406},"Python dir() function explained",[32,43200,43201],{},[354,43202,8445],{"href":2316},[32,43204,43205],{},[354,43206,43207],{"href":42158},"Python len() function explained",[32,43209,43210],{},[354,43211,43212],{"href":42453},"How import works in Python",[32,43214,43215],{},[354,43216,35145],{"href":42458},[20,43218,43219,43220,43222,43223,1208,43225,17072,43227,43229,43230,2896,43233,43236],{},"Try ",[15,43221,35015],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43224,11163],{},[15,43226,715],{},[15,43228,42263],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43231,43232],{},"dir(str)",[15,43234,43235],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1953,43238,43239],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":43241},[43242,43243,43244,43245,43251,43252,43253,43254,43258,43266,43267,43273],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":42123,"depth":110,"text":42124},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":42248,"depth":110,"text":42249,"children":43246},[43247,43248,43249,43250],{"id":42252,"depth":117,"text":42253},{"id":42305,"depth":117,"text":42306},{"id":34493,"depth":117,"text":42143},{"id":34646,"depth":117,"text":42146},{"id":34905,"depth":110,"text":34906},{"id":42525,"depth":110,"text":42526},{"id":42586,"depth":110,"text":42587},{"id":42728,"depth":110,"text":42729,"children":43255},[43256,43257],{"id":32141,"depth":117,"text":35015},{"id":34360,"depth":117,"text":34299},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":43259},[43260,43262,43263,43264],{"id":42841,"depth":117,"text":43261},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42897,"depth":117,"text":42898},{"id":42909,"depth":117,"text":42910},{"id":42953,"depth":117,"text":43265},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42970,"depth":110,"text":42971},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":43268},[43269,43270,43271,43272],{"id":43093,"depth":117,"text":43094},{"id":43100,"depth":117,"text":43101},{"id":43173,"depth":117,"text":43174},{"id":43185,"depth":117,"text":43186},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42052,"description":43274},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43280,"title":43281,"body":43282,"description":44644,"extension":1988,"meta":44645,"navigation":113,"path":44646,"seo":44647,"stem":44648,"__hash__":44649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43283,"toc":44617},[43284,43290,43295,43301,43311,43370,43380,43391,43396,43402,43404,43422,43430,43432,43434,43449,43452,43463,43465,43556,43559,43563,43568,43589,43591,43702,43704,43731,43742,43746,43749,43832,43834,43842,43848,43854,43858,43861,43971,43973,43986,43989,44003,44011,44018,44023,44037,44043,44156,44158,44219,44222,44228,44234,44237,44259,44262,44332,44335,44367,44374,44376,44379,44397,44400,44412,44418,44420,44425,44451,44454,44526,44528,44534,44537,44543,44546,44552,44562,44568,44571,44578,44581,44583,44614],[10,43285,13,43287,18],{"id":43286},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43288,43289],{},"id()",[20,43291,32306,43292,43294],{},[15,43293,43289],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43296,43297,43298,43300],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43299,43289],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43302,201,43303,43305,43306,43308,43309,358],{},[15,43304,43289],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[549,43307,4647],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43310,4705],{},[50,43312,43314],{"className":52,"code":43313,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43315,43316,43328,43342,43346,43356],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43317,43318,43320,43322,43324,43326],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43319,7882],{"class":65},[59,43321,70],{"class":69},[59,43323,90],{"class":77},[59,43325,7304],{"class":81},[59,43327,3374],{"class":77},[59,43329,43330,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43331,715],{"class":135},[59,43333,139],{"class":73},[59,43335,12652],{"class":135},[59,43337,139],{"class":73},[59,43339,7676],{"class":142},[59,43341,710],{"class":73},[59,43343,43344],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43345,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43347,43348,43351,43353],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43349,43350],{"class":65},"other ",[59,43352,70],{"class":69},[59,43354,43355],{"class":65}," name\n",[59,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43359,715],{"class":135},[59,43361,139],{"class":73},[59,43363,12652],{"class":135},[59,43365,139],{"class":73},[59,43367,30731],{"class":142},[59,43369,710],{"class":73},[20,43371,43372,43373,43376,43377,43379],{},"In this example, ",[15,43374,43375],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43378,43289],{}," values match.",[43381,43382,43383],"blockquote",{},[20,43384,201,43385,43387,43388,43390],{},[15,43386,43289],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43389,4705],{}," for value comparison.",[45,43392,208,43394,211],{"id":43393},"what-id-does",[15,43395,43289],{},[20,43397,43398,43401],{},[15,43399,43400],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43403,13054],{},[29,43405,43406,43409,43416,43419],{},[32,43407,43408],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[32,43410,43411,43412,43415],{},"It shows ",[549,43413,43414],{},"object identity",", not object value",[32,43417,43418],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[32,43420,43421],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43423,43424,43425,43429],{},"This is closely related to how ",[354,43426,43428],{"href":43427},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[45,43431,362],{"id":361},[20,43433,5442],{},[50,43435,43437],{"className":52,"code":43436,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"id(object)\n",[15,43438,43439],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43440,43441,43443,43445,43447],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43442,12652],{"class":135},[59,43444,139],{"class":73},[59,43446,42199],{"class":697},[59,43448,165],{"class":73},[20,43450,43451],{},"Important details:",[29,43453,43454,43457,43460],{},[32,43455,43456],{},"It takes one argument",[32,43458,43459],{},"It returns an integer",[32,43461,43462],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43464,239],{},[50,43466,43468],{"className":52,"code":43467,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43469,43470,43482,43490,43510,43514,43528,43542],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43471,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43473,34675],{"class":65},[59,43475,70],{"class":69},[59,43477,90],{"class":77},[59,43479,3860],{"class":81},[59,43481,3374],{"class":77},[59,43483,43484,43486,43488],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43485,2236],{"class":65},[59,43487,70],{"class":69},[59,43489,2787],{"class":178},[59,43491,43492,43494,43496,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43493,1251],{"class":65},[59,43495,70],{"class":69},[59,43497,74],{"class":73},[59,43499,187],{"class":178},[59,43501,87],{"class":73},[59,43503,3009],{"class":178},[59,43505,87],{"class":73},[59,43507,2469],{"class":178},[59,43509,107],{"class":73},[59,43511,43512],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43513,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43515,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43517,715],{"class":135},[59,43519,139],{"class":73},[59,43521,12652],{"class":135},[59,43523,139],{"class":73},[59,43525,34696],{"class":142},[59,43527,710],{"class":73},[59,43529,43530,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,43531,715],{"class":135},[59,43533,139],{"class":73},[59,43535,12652],{"class":135},[59,43537,139],{"class":73},[59,43539,896],{"class":142},[59,43541,710],{"class":73},[59,43543,43544,43546,43548,43550,43552,43554],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,43545,715],{"class":135},[59,43547,139],{"class":73},[59,43549,12652],{"class":135},[59,43551,139],{"class":73},[59,43553,1297],{"class":142},[59,43555,710],{"class":73},[20,43557,43558],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[45,43560,43562],{"id":43561},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43564,43565,43566,358],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43567,43289],{},[29,43569,43570,43577,43584],{},[32,43571,43572,43574,43575],{},[15,43573,4705],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[549,43576,1217],{},[32,43578,43579,43581,43582],{},[15,43580,12196],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[549,43583,42199],{},[32,43585,43586,43588],{},[15,43587,43289],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43590,239],{},[50,43592,43594],{"className":52,"code":43593,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43595,43596,43616,43636,43640,43657,43674,43688],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43597,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606,43608,43610,43612,43614],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43599,2572],{"class":65},[59,43601,70],{"class":69},[59,43603,74],{"class":73},[59,43605,187],{"class":178},[59,43607,87],{"class":73},[59,43609,3009],{"class":178},[59,43611,87],{"class":73},[59,43613,2469],{"class":178},[59,43615,107],{"class":73},[59,43617,43618,43620,43622,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43619,2600],{"class":65},[59,43621,70],{"class":69},[59,43623,74],{"class":73},[59,43625,187],{"class":178},[59,43627,87],{"class":73},[59,43629,3009],{"class":178},[59,43631,87],{"class":73},[59,43633,2469],{"class":178},[59,43635,107],{"class":73},[59,43637,43638],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43639,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43641,43642,43644,43646,43648,43650,43652,43654],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43643,715],{"class":135},[59,43645,139],{"class":73},[59,43647,2572],{"class":142},[59,43649,4705],{"class":69},[59,43651,2577],{"class":142},[59,43653,3675],{"class":73},[59,43655,43656],{"class":3678},"   # True\n",[59,43658,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43660,715],{"class":135},[59,43662,139],{"class":73},[59,43664,2572],{"class":142},[59,43666,12196],{"class":120},[59,43668,2577],{"class":142},[59,43670,3675],{"class":73},[59,43672,43673],{"class":3678},"   # False\n",[59,43675,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684,43686],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,43677,715],{"class":135},[59,43679,139],{"class":73},[59,43681,12652],{"class":135},[59,43683,139],{"class":73},[59,43685,354],{"class":142},[59,43687,710],{"class":73},[59,43689,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698,43700],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,43691,715],{"class":135},[59,43693,139],{"class":73},[59,43695,12652],{"class":135},[59,43697,139],{"class":73},[59,43699,442],{"class":142},[59,43701,710],{"class":73},[20,43703,2199],{},[29,43705,43706,43714,43722],{},[32,43707,43708,1205,43711,43713],{},[15,43709,43710],{},"a == b",[15,43712,3619],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[32,43715,43716,1205,43719,43721],{},[15,43717,43718],{},"a is b",[15,43720,3689],{}," because they are different list objects",[32,43723,43724,4408,43727,43730],{},[15,43725,43726],{},"id(a)",[15,43728,43729],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43732,43733,43734,4408,43738,358],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[354,43735,43737],{"href":43736},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[354,43739,43741],{"href":43740},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[45,43743,43745],{"id":43744},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43747,43748],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[50,43750,43752],{"className":52,"code":43751,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43753,43754,43774,43784,43788,43802,43817],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43755,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43757,664],{"class":65},[59,43759,70],{"class":69},[59,43761,74],{"class":73},[59,43763,671],{"class":178},[59,43765,87],{"class":73},[59,43767,676],{"class":178},[59,43769,87],{"class":73},[59,43771,681],{"class":178},[59,43773,107],{"class":73},[59,43775,43776,43779,43781],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43777,43778],{"class":65},"other_numbers ",[59,43780,70],{"class":69},[59,43782,43783],{"class":65}," numbers\n",[59,43785,43786],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43787,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43789,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43791,715],{"class":135},[59,43793,139],{"class":73},[59,43795,12652],{"class":135},[59,43797,139],{"class":73},[59,43799,707],{"class":142},[59,43801,710],{"class":73},[59,43803,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812,43815],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43805,715],{"class":135},[59,43807,139],{"class":73},[59,43809,12652],{"class":135},[59,43811,139],{"class":73},[59,43813,43814],{"class":142},"other_numbers",[59,43816,710],{"class":73},[59,43818,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43830],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,43820,715],{"class":135},[59,43822,139],{"class":73},[59,43824,664],{"class":142},[59,43826,12196],{"class":120},[59,43828,43829],{"class":142}," other_numbers",[59,43831,165],{"class":73},[20,43833,5568],{},[50,43835,43836],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,43837,43838],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43839,43840],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43841,3994],{"class":3867},[20,43843,43844,43845,43847],{},"The two ",[15,43846,43289],{}," values will also match.",[20,43849,22186,43850,43853],{},[15,43851,43852],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[45,43855,43857],{"id":43856},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43859,43860],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[50,43862,43864],{"className":52,"code":43863,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43865,43866,43887,43908,43912,43927,43941,43956],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43867,43868,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43869,43870],{"class":65},"list_a ",[59,43872,70],{"class":69},[59,43874,74],{"class":73},[59,43876,187],{"class":178},[59,43878,87],{"class":73},[59,43880,3009],{"class":178},[59,43882,87],{"class":73},[59,43884,2469],{"class":178},[59,43886,107],{"class":73},[59,43888,43889,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43890,43891],{"class":65},"list_b ",[59,43893,70],{"class":69},[59,43895,74],{"class":73},[59,43897,187],{"class":178},[59,43899,87],{"class":73},[59,43901,3009],{"class":178},[59,43903,87],{"class":73},[59,43905,2469],{"class":178},[59,43907,107],{"class":73},[59,43909,43910],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,43911,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,43913,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922,43925],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,43915,715],{"class":135},[59,43917,139],{"class":73},[59,43919,43870],{"class":142},[59,43921,4705],{"class":69},[59,43923,43924],{"class":142}," list_b",[59,43926,165],{"class":73},[59,43928,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,43930,715],{"class":135},[59,43932,139],{"class":73},[59,43934,43870],{"class":142},[59,43936,12196],{"class":120},[59,43938,43924],{"class":142},[59,43940,165],{"class":73},[59,43942,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43954],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,43944,715],{"class":135},[59,43946,139],{"class":73},[59,43948,12652],{"class":135},[59,43950,139],{"class":73},[59,43952,43953],{"class":142},"list_a",[59,43955,710],{"class":73},[59,43957,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966,43969],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,43959,715],{"class":135},[59,43961,139],{"class":73},[59,43963,12652],{"class":135},[59,43965,139],{"class":73},[59,43967,43968],{"class":142},"list_b",[59,43970,710],{"class":73},[20,43972,5568],{},[50,43974,43976],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43977,43978,43982],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,43979,43980],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,43981,3994],{"class":3867},[59,43983,43984],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,43985,4055],{"class":3867},[20,43987,43988],{},"What this means:",[29,43990,43991,43994,43997],{},[32,43992,43993],{},"The lists are equal in value",[32,43995,43996],{},"They are not the same object",[32,43998,43999,44000,44002],{},"Their ",[15,44001,43289],{}," values are usually different",[20,44004,44005,44006,44008,44009,358],{},"This is why ",[15,44007,43289],{}," should not replace ",[15,44010,4705],{},[45,44012,44014,44015,44017],{"id":44013},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44016,43289],{}," is useful",[20,44019,44020,44022],{},[15,44021,43289],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[29,44024,44025,44028,44031,44034],{},[32,44026,44027],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[32,44029,44030],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[32,44032,44033],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[32,44035,44036],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44038,44039,44040,44042],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44041,43289],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[50,44044,44046],{"className":52,"code":44045,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44047,44048,44072,44081,44085,44104,44108,44118,44128,44142],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44049,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44051,12088],{"class":65},[59,44053,70],{"class":69},[59,44055,74],{"class":73},[59,44057,78],{"class":77},[59,44059,354],{"class":81},[59,44061,78],{"class":77},[59,44063,87],{"class":73},[59,44065,90],{"class":77},[59,44067,442],{"class":81},[59,44069,78],{"class":77},[59,44071,107],{"class":73},[59,44073,44074,44077,44079],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44075,44076],{"class":65},"copy_ref ",[59,44078,70],{"class":69},[59,44080,12126],{"class":65},[59,44082,44083],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,44084,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,44086,44087,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,44088,44089],{"class":65},"copy_ref",[59,44091,358],{"class":73},[59,44093,13552],{"class":142},[59,44095,139],{"class":73},[59,44097,78],{"class":77},[59,44099,451],{"class":81},[59,44101,78],{"class":77},[59,44103,165],{"class":73},[59,44105,44106],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,44107,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,44109,44110,44112,44114,44116],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,44111,715],{"class":135},[59,44113,139],{"class":73},[59,44115,12135],{"class":142},[59,44117,165],{"class":73},[59,44119,44120,44122,44124,44126],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,44121,715],{"class":135},[59,44123,139],{"class":73},[59,44125,44089],{"class":142},[59,44127,165],{"class":73},[59,44129,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,44131,715],{"class":135},[59,44133,139],{"class":73},[59,44135,12652],{"class":135},[59,44137,139],{"class":73},[59,44139,12135],{"class":142},[59,44141,710],{"class":73},[59,44143,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,44145,715],{"class":135},[59,44147,139],{"class":73},[59,44149,12652],{"class":135},[59,44151,139],{"class":73},[59,44153,44089],{"class":142},[59,44155,710],{"class":73},[20,44157,5568],{},[50,44159,44161],{"className":52,"code":44160,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44162,44163,44191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44164,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44166,3914],{"class":73},[59,44168,1725],{"class":77},[59,44170,354],{"class":81},[59,44172,1725],{"class":77},[59,44174,87],{"class":73},[59,44176,1734],{"class":77},[59,44178,442],{"class":81},[59,44180,1725],{"class":77},[59,44182,87],{"class":73},[59,44184,1734],{"class":77},[59,44186,451],{"class":81},[59,44188,1725],{"class":77},[59,44190,107],{"class":73},[59,44192,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211,44213,44215,44217],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44194,3914],{"class":73},[59,44196,1725],{"class":77},[59,44198,354],{"class":81},[59,44200,1725],{"class":77},[59,44202,87],{"class":73},[59,44204,1734],{"class":77},[59,44206,442],{"class":81},[59,44208,1725],{"class":77},[59,44210,87],{"class":73},[59,44212,1734],{"class":77},[59,44214,451],{"class":81},[59,44216,1725],{"class":77},[59,44218,107],{"class":73},[20,44220,44221],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[45,44223,44225,44226],{"id":44224},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44227,43289],{},[20,44229,44230,44231,44233],{},"Do not use ",[15,44232,43289],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44235,44236],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[29,44238,44239,44245,44251,44254],{},[32,44240,44241,44242,44244],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44243,4705],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[32,44246,44247,44248,44250],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44249,43289],{}," values across program runs",[32,44252,44253],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[32,44255,44256,44257],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44258,43289],{},[20,44260,44261],{},"Bad example:",[50,44263,44265],{"className":52,"code":44264,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44266,44267,44279,44291,44295,44317],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44268,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44270,2572],{"class":65},[59,44272,70],{"class":69},[59,44274,90],{"class":77},[59,44276,1439],{"class":81},[59,44278,3374],{"class":77},[59,44280,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44282,2600],{"class":65},[59,44284,70],{"class":69},[59,44286,90],{"class":77},[59,44288,1439],{"class":81},[59,44290,3374],{"class":77},[59,44292,44293],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,44294,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,44298,7004],{"class":120},[59,44300,14816],{"class":135},[59,44302,139],{"class":73},[59,44304,354],{"class":142},[59,44306,3675],{"class":73},[59,44308,6414],{"class":69},[59,44310,14816],{"class":135},[59,44312,139],{"class":73},[59,44314,442],{"class":142},[59,44316,146],{"class":73},[59,44318,44319,44321,44323,44325,44328,44330],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,44320,152],{"class":135},[59,44322,139],{"class":73},[59,44324,78],{"class":77},[59,44326,44327],{"class":81},"The values are equal",[59,44329,78],{"class":77},[59,44331,165],{"class":73},[20,44333,44334],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[50,44336,44338],{"className":52,"code":44337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44339,44340,44353],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44341,44342,44344,44347,44349,44351],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44343,7004],{"class":120},[59,44345,44346],{"class":65}," a ",[59,44348,4705],{"class":69},[59,44350,2577],{"class":65},[59,44352,1561],{"class":73},[59,44354,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363,44365],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44356,152],{"class":135},[59,44358,139],{"class":73},[59,44360,78],{"class":77},[59,44362,44327],{"class":81},[59,44364,78],{"class":77},[59,44366,165],{"class":73},[20,44368,201,44369,2896,44371,44373],{},[15,44370,12196],{},[15,44372,43289],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[45,44375,20800],{"id":20799},[20,44377,44378],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[29,44380,44381,44384,44387,44392],{},[32,44382,44383],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[32,44385,44386],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[32,44388,44389,44390],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44391,43289],{},[32,44393,44394,44395],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44396,43289],{},[20,44398,44399],{},"The important rule is:",[29,44401,44402,44407],{},[32,44403,201,44404,44406],{},[15,44405,4705],{}," to check value",[32,44408,201,44409,44411],{},[15,44410,12196],{}," to check identity",[20,44413,44414,44415,44417],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44416,43289],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[45,44419,1579],{"id":1578},[20,44421,44422,44423,1002],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44424,43289],{},[29,44426,44427,44435,44438,44441,44446],{},[32,44428,1599,44429,44431,44432,44434],{},[15,44430,43289],{}," when ",[15,44433,4705],{}," should be used",[32,44436,44437],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[32,44439,44440],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[32,44442,44443,44444],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44445,43289],{},[32,44447,1599,44448,44450],{},[15,44449,43289],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44452,44453],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[50,44455,44457],{"className":52,"code":44456,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44458,44459,44474,44488,44502,44516],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469,44472],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44462,715],{"class":135},[59,44464,139],{"class":73},[59,44466,12652],{"class":135},[59,44468,139],{"class":73},[59,44470,44471],{"class":142},"my_object",[59,44473,710],{"class":73},[59,44475,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44477,715],{"class":135},[59,44479,139],{"class":73},[59,44481,2572],{"class":142},[59,44483,4705],{"class":69},[59,44485,2577],{"class":142},[59,44487,165],{"class":73},[59,44489,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,44491,715],{"class":135},[59,44493,139],{"class":73},[59,44495,2572],{"class":142},[59,44497,12196],{"class":120},[59,44499,2577],{"class":142},[59,44501,165],{"class":73},[59,44503,44504,44506,44508,44510,44512,44514],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,44505,715],{"class":135},[59,44507,139],{"class":73},[59,44509,3239],{"class":697},[59,44511,139],{"class":73},[59,44513,44471],{"class":142},[59,44515,710],{"class":73},[59,44517,44518,44520,44522,44524],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,44519,32141],{"class":135},[59,44521,139],{"class":73},[59,44523,12652],{"class":135},[59,44525,165],{"class":73},[45,44527,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,44529,44531,44532,12718],{"id":44530},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44533,43289],{},[20,44535,44536],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1127,44538,14903,44540,44542],{"id":44539},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44541,43289],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44544,44545],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1127,44547,1899,44549,44551],{"id":44548},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44550,43289],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44553,30258,44554,44556,44557,2896,44559,44561],{},[15,44555,4705],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44558,43289],{},[15,44560,12196],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1127,44563,44565,44566,1905],{"id":44564},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44567,43289],{},[20,44569,44570],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1127,44572,44574,44575,44577],{"id":44573},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44576,43289],{}," values?",[20,44579,44580],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[45,44582,1927],{"id":1926},[29,44584,44585,44590,44595,44600,44608],{},[32,44586,44587],{},[354,44588,44589],{"href":43427},"Python variables explained for beginners",[32,44591,44592],{},[354,44593,44594],{"href":43736},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[32,44596,44597],{},[354,44598,44599],{"href":43740},"Python data types overview",[32,44601,44602],{},[354,44603,13,44605,536],{"href":44604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44606,44607],{},"isinstance()",[32,44609,44610],{},[354,44611,44613],{"href":44612},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1953,44615,44616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":44618},[44619,44621,44622,44623,44624,44625,44627,44629,44630,44631,44643],{"id":43393,"depth":110,"text":44620},"What id() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":43561,"depth":110,"text":43562},{"id":43744,"depth":110,"text":43745},{"id":43856,"depth":110,"text":43857},{"id":44013,"depth":110,"text":44626},"When id() is useful",{"id":44224,"depth":110,"text":44628},"When not to use id()",{"id":20799,"depth":110,"text":20800},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":44632},[44633,44635,44637,44639,44641],{"id":44530,"depth":117,"text":44634},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44539,"depth":117,"text":44636},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44548,"depth":117,"text":44638},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44564,"depth":117,"text":44640},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44573,"depth":117,"text":44642},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43281,"description":44644},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44651,"title":41994,"body":44652,"description":46292,"extension":1988,"meta":46293,"navigation":113,"path":46294,"seo":46295,"stem":46296,"__hash__":46297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44653,"toc":46258},[44654,44659,44664,44667,44669,44712,44717,44720,44725,44730,44733,44749,44751,44795,44797,44824,44826,44841,44843,44845,44847,44863,44865,44877,44880,44914,44917,44942,44947,44949,44954,44958,44961,44963,45011,45013,45046,45052,45063,45065,45117,45119,45150,45152,45156,45160,45203,45209,45215,45267,45275,45280,45284,45375,45377,45410,45413,45415,45475,45477,45503,45513,45515,45519,45524,45529,45531,45568,45570,45589,45592,45596,45599,45655,45667,45676,45678,45705,45713,45720,45724,45727,45764,45767,45773,45810,45812,45816,45822,45840,45845,45893,45897,45986,45989,45996,45998,46000,46005,46023,46025,46068,46074,46091,46093,46155,46157,46159,46165,46173,46179,46185,46194,46204,46208,46216,46218,46220,46255],[10,44655,13,44657,18],{"id":44656},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44658,2975],{},[20,44660,2005,44661,44663],{},[15,44662,2975],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44665,44666],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[45,44668,48],{"id":47},[50,44670,44672],{"className":52,"code":44671,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44673,44674,44693],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44675,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684,44686,44689,44691],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44677,7882],{"class":65},[59,44679,70],{"class":69},[59,44681,8247],{"class":135},[59,44683,139],{"class":73},[59,44685,78],{"class":77},[59,44687,44688],{"class":81},"Enter your name: ",[59,44690,78],{"class":77},[59,44692,165],{"class":73},[59,44694,44695,44697,44699,44701,44704,44706,44708,44710],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44696,715],{"class":135},[59,44698,139],{"class":73},[59,44700,78],{"class":77},[59,44702,44703],{"class":81},"Hello, ",[59,44705,78],{"class":77},[59,44707,2472],{"class":69},[59,44709,319],{"class":142},[59,44711,165],{"class":73},[20,44713,201,44714,44716],{},[15,44715,2975],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44718,44719],"hr",{},[45,44721,208,44723,211],{"id":44722},"what-input-does",[15,44724,2975],{},[20,44726,44727,44729],{},[15,44728,2975],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44731,44732],{},"Here is what happens:",[29,44734,44735,44740,44743,44746],{},[32,44736,44737,44739],{},[15,44738,2975],{}," waits for the user to type",[32,44741,44742],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[32,44744,44745],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[32,44747,44748],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44750,239],{},[50,44752,44754],{"className":52,"code":44753,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44755,44756,44776],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44757,44758,44761,44763,44765,44767,44769,44772,44774],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44759,44760],{"class":65},"color ",[59,44762,70],{"class":69},[59,44764,8247],{"class":135},[59,44766,139],{"class":73},[59,44768,78],{"class":77},[59,44770,44771],{"class":81},"What is your favorite color? ",[59,44773,78],{"class":77},[59,44775,165],{"class":73},[59,44777,44778,44780,44782,44784,44787,44789,44791,44793],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44779,715],{"class":135},[59,44781,139],{"class":73},[59,44783,78],{"class":77},[59,44785,44786],{"class":81},"Your favorite color is",[59,44788,78],{"class":77},[59,44790,87],{"class":73},[59,44792,162],{"class":142},[59,44794,165],{"class":73},[20,44796,30017],{},[50,44798,44800],{"className":52,"code":44799,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44801,44802,44815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44803,44804,44806,44808,44811,44813],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44805,208],{"class":65},[59,44807,12196],{"class":69},[59,44809,44810],{"class":65}," your favorite color",[59,44812,1905],{"class":1780},[59,44814,198],{"class":65},[59,44816,44817,44820,44822],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44818,44819],{"class":65},"Your favorite color ",[59,44821,12196],{"class":69},[59,44823,198],{"class":65},[20,44825,19956],{},[29,44827,44828,44833,44838],{},[32,44829,44830,44831],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44832,44771],{},[32,44834,44835,44836],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44837,1570],{},[32,44839,44840],{},"That value is then printed",[44718,44842],{},[45,44844,362],{"id":361},[20,44846,7225],{},[50,44848,44850],{"className":52,"code":44849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44851,44852],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44853,44854,44856,44858,44861],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44855,42263],{"class":135},[59,44857,139],{"class":73},[59,44859,44860],{"class":142},"prompt",[59,44862,165],{"class":73},[20,44864,11461],{},[29,44866,44867,44871,44874],{},[32,44868,2005,44869,20038],{},[15,44870,44860],{},[32,44872,44873],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[32,44875,44876],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44878,44879],{},"Example with a prompt:",[50,44881,44883],{"className":52,"code":44882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44884,44885,44904],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44886,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895,44897,44900,44902],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44888,7967],{"class":65},[59,44890,70],{"class":69},[59,44892,8247],{"class":135},[59,44894,139],{"class":73},[59,44896,78],{"class":77},[59,44898,44899],{"class":81},"Enter your username: ",[59,44901,78],{"class":77},[59,44903,165],{"class":73},[59,44905,44906,44908,44910,44912],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44907,715],{"class":135},[59,44909,139],{"class":73},[59,44911,7991],{"class":142},[59,44913,165],{"class":73},[20,44915,44916],{},"Example without a prompt:",[50,44918,44920],{"className":52,"code":44919,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44921,44922,44932],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44923,44924,44926,44928,44930],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44925,2464],{"class":65},[59,44927,70],{"class":69},[59,44929,8247],{"class":135},[59,44931,8647],{"class":73},[59,44933,44934,44936,44938,44940],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44935,715],{"class":135},[59,44937,139],{"class":73},[59,44939,1217],{"class":142},[59,44941,165],{"class":73},[20,44943,7771,44944,44946],{},[15,44945,2975],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44718,44948],{},[45,44950,208,44952,542],{"id":44951},"what-input-returns",[15,44953,2975],{},[20,44955,44956,8230],{},[15,44957,2975],{},[20,44959,44960],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44962,239],{},[50,44964,44966],{"className":52,"code":44965,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44967,44968,44987,44997],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,44969,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980,44983,44985],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,44971,21626],{"class":65},[59,44973,70],{"class":69},[59,44975,8247],{"class":135},[59,44977,139],{"class":73},[59,44979,78],{"class":77},[59,44981,44982],{"class":81},"Enter your age: ",[59,44984,78],{"class":77},[59,44986,165],{"class":73},[59,44988,44989,44991,44993,44995],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,44990,715],{"class":135},[59,44992,139],{"class":73},[59,44994,9299],{"class":142},[59,44996,165],{"class":73},[59,44998,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45000,715],{"class":135},[59,45002,139],{"class":73},[59,45004,3239],{"class":697},[59,45006,139],{"class":73},[59,45008,9299],{"class":142},[59,45010,710],{"class":73},[20,45012,30017],{},[50,45014,45016],{"className":52,"code":45015,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45017,45018,45028,45032],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45019,45020,45023,45025],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45021,45022],{"class":65},"Enter your age",[59,45024,1002],{"class":73},[59,45026,45027],{"class":178}," 25\n",[59,45029,45030],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45031,2727],{"class":178},[59,45033,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45035,1769],{"class":69},[59,45037,3310],{"class":887},[59,45039,1734],{"class":77},[59,45041,3460],{"class":81},[59,45043,1725],{"class":77},[59,45045,1788],{"class":69},[20,45047,45048,45049,45051],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45050,9197],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45053,45054,45055,2896,45059,358],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[354,45056,45057],{"href":2892},[15,45058,2895],{},[354,45060,45061],{"href":2899},[15,45062,2902],{},[20,45064,239],{},[50,45066,45068],{"className":52,"code":45067,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45069,45070,45093,45103],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45071,45072,45074,45076,45079,45081,45083,45085,45087,45089,45091],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45073,21626],{"class":65},[59,45075,70],{"class":69},[59,45077,45078],{"class":697}," int",[59,45080,139],{"class":73},[59,45082,42263],{"class":135},[59,45084,139],{"class":73},[59,45086,78],{"class":77},[59,45088,44982],{"class":81},[59,45090,78],{"class":77},[59,45092,710],{"class":73},[59,45094,45095,45097,45099,45101],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45096,715],{"class":135},[59,45098,139],{"class":73},[59,45100,9299],{"class":142},[59,45102,165],{"class":73},[59,45104,45105,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45106,715],{"class":135},[59,45108,139],{"class":73},[59,45110,3239],{"class":697},[59,45112,139],{"class":73},[59,45114,9299],{"class":142},[59,45116,710],{"class":73},[20,45118,30017],{},[50,45120,45122],{"className":52,"code":45121,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45123,45124,45132,45136],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45125,45126,45128,45130],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45127,45022],{"class":65},[59,45129,1002],{"class":73},[59,45131,45027],{"class":178},[59,45133,45134],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45135,2727],{"class":178},[59,45137,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45139,1769],{"class":69},[59,45141,3310],{"class":887},[59,45143,1734],{"class":77},[59,45145,2209],{"class":81},[59,45147,1725],{"class":77},[59,45149,1788],{"class":69},[44718,45151],{},[45,45153,45155],{"id":45154},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1127,45157,45159],{"id":45158},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[50,45161,45163],{"className":52,"code":45162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45164,45165,45184],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45166,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175,45177,45180,45182],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45168,7882],{"class":65},[59,45170,70],{"class":69},[59,45172,8247],{"class":135},[59,45174,139],{"class":73},[59,45176,78],{"class":77},[59,45178,45179],{"class":81},"What is your name? ",[59,45181,78],{"class":77},[59,45183,165],{"class":73},[59,45185,45186,45188,45190,45192,45195,45197,45199,45201],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45187,715],{"class":135},[59,45189,139],{"class":73},[59,45191,78],{"class":77},[59,45193,45194],{"class":81},"Hello,",[59,45196,78],{"class":77},[59,45198,87],{"class":73},[59,45200,319],{"class":142},[59,45202,165],{"class":73},[20,45204,45205,45206,45208],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45207,7676],{}," and prints it.",[1127,45210,45212,45213],{"id":45211},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45214,2895],{},[50,45216,45218],{"className":52,"code":45217,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45219,45220,45243],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45221,45222,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45239,45241],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45223,21626],{"class":65},[59,45225,70],{"class":69},[59,45227,45078],{"class":697},[59,45229,139],{"class":73},[59,45231,42263],{"class":135},[59,45233,139],{"class":73},[59,45235,78],{"class":77},[59,45237,45238],{"class":81},"How old are you? ",[59,45240,78],{"class":77},[59,45242,710],{"class":73},[59,45244,45245,45247,45249,45251,45254,45256,45258,45261,45263,45265],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45246,715],{"class":135},[59,45248,139],{"class":73},[59,45250,78],{"class":77},[59,45252,45253],{"class":81},"Next year you will be",[59,45255,78],{"class":77},[59,45257,87],{"class":73},[59,45259,45260],{"class":142}," age ",[59,45262,2084],{"class":69},[59,45264,5506],{"class":178},[59,45266,165],{"class":73},[20,45268,6066,45269,45271,45272,45274],{},[15,45270,2895],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45273,2975],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45276,45277,45278,358],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[354,45279,8985],{"href":8984},[1127,45281,45283],{"id":45282},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[50,45285,45287],{"className":52,"code":45286,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45288,45289,45313,45337,45351,45355],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45290,45291,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45309,45311],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45292,45293],{"class":65},"num1 ",[59,45295,70],{"class":69},[59,45297,45078],{"class":697},[59,45299,139],{"class":73},[59,45301,42263],{"class":135},[59,45303,139],{"class":73},[59,45305,78],{"class":77},[59,45307,45308],{"class":81},"Enter the first number: ",[59,45310,78],{"class":77},[59,45312,710],{"class":73},[59,45314,45315,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45333,45335],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45316,45317],{"class":65},"num2 ",[59,45319,70],{"class":69},[59,45321,45078],{"class":697},[59,45323,139],{"class":73},[59,45325,42263],{"class":135},[59,45327,139],{"class":73},[59,45329,78],{"class":77},[59,45331,45332],{"class":81},"Enter the second number: ",[59,45334,78],{"class":77},[59,45336,710],{"class":73},[59,45338,45339,45341,45343,45346,45348],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45340,40982],{"class":65},[59,45342,70],{"class":69},[59,45344,45345],{"class":65}," num1 ",[59,45347,2084],{"class":69},[59,45349,45350],{"class":65}," num2\n",[59,45352,45353],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,45354,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,45356,45357,45359,45361,45363,45366,45368,45370,45373],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,45358,715],{"class":135},[59,45360,139],{"class":73},[59,45362,78],{"class":77},[59,45364,45365],{"class":81},"Total:",[59,45367,78],{"class":77},[59,45369,87],{"class":73},[59,45371,45372],{"class":142}," total",[59,45374,165],{"class":73},[20,45376,30017],{},[50,45378,45380],{"className":52,"code":45379,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45381,45382,45392,45401],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45383,45384,45387,45389],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45385,45386],{"class":65},"Enter the first number",[59,45388,1002],{"class":73},[59,45390,45391],{"class":178}," 2\n",[59,45393,45394,45397,45399],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45395,45396],{"class":65},"Enter the second number",[59,45398,1002],{"class":73},[59,45400,2595],{"class":178},[59,45402,45403,45406,45408],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45404,45405],{"class":65},"Total",[59,45407,1002],{"class":73},[59,45409,34830],{"class":178},[20,45411,45412],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45414,239],{},[50,45416,45418],{"className":52,"code":45417,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45419,45420,45438,45456,45460],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45421,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434,45436],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45423,45293],{"class":65},[59,45425,70],{"class":69},[59,45427,8247],{"class":135},[59,45429,139],{"class":73},[59,45431,78],{"class":77},[59,45433,45308],{"class":81},[59,45435,78],{"class":77},[59,45437,165],{"class":73},[59,45439,45440,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45441,45317],{"class":65},[59,45443,70],{"class":69},[59,45445,8247],{"class":135},[59,45447,139],{"class":73},[59,45449,78],{"class":77},[59,45451,45332],{"class":81},[59,45453,78],{"class":77},[59,45455,165],{"class":73},[59,45457,45458],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45459,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,45461,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45473],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,45463,715],{"class":135},[59,45465,139],{"class":73},[59,45467,45293],{"class":142},[59,45469,2084],{"class":69},[59,45471,45472],{"class":142}," num2",[59,45474,165],{"class":73},[20,45476,30017],{},[50,45478,45480],{"className":52,"code":45479,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45481,45482,45490,45498],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45483,45484,45486,45488],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45485,45386],{"class":65},[59,45487,1002],{"class":73},[59,45489,45391],{"class":178},[59,45491,45492,45494,45496],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45493,45396],{"class":65},[59,45495,1002],{"class":73},[59,45497,2595],{"class":178},[59,45499,45500],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45501,45502],{"class":178},"23\n",[20,45504,45505,45506,45509,45510,358],{},"That happens because ",[15,45507,45508],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45511,45512],{},"\"23\"",[44718,45514],{},[45,45516,45518],{"id":45517},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45520,45521,45522,358],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45523,2975],{},[1127,45525,4721,45527,41342],{"id":45526},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45528,2975],{},[20,45530,38997],{},[50,45532,45534],{"className":52,"code":45533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45535,45536,45554],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45537,45538,45540,45542,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45539,2464],{"class":65},[59,45541,70],{"class":69},[59,45543,8247],{"class":135},[59,45545,139],{"class":73},[59,45547,78],{"class":77},[59,45549,41671],{"class":81},[59,45551,78],{"class":77},[59,45553,165],{"class":73},[59,45555,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45557,715],{"class":135},[59,45559,139],{"class":73},[59,45561,3239],{"class":697},[59,45563,139],{"class":73},[59,45565,1217],{"class":142},[59,45567,710],{"class":73},[20,45569,168],{},[50,45571,45573],{"className":52,"code":45572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45574,45575],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45576,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45587],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45578,1769],{"class":69},[59,45580,3310],{"class":887},[59,45582,1734],{"class":77},[59,45584,3460],{"class":81},[59,45586,1725],{"class":77},[59,45588,1788],{"class":69},[20,45590,45591],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1127,45593,45595],{"id":45594},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45597,45598],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[50,45600,45602],{"className":52,"code":45601,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45603,45604,45622,45641],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45605,45606,45608,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618,45620],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45607,2572],{"class":65},[59,45609,70],{"class":69},[59,45611,8247],{"class":135},[59,45613,139],{"class":73},[59,45615,78],{"class":77},[59,45617,41671],{"class":81},[59,45619,78],{"class":77},[59,45621,165],{"class":73},[59,45623,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45637,45639],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45625,2600],{"class":65},[59,45627,70],{"class":69},[59,45629,8247],{"class":135},[59,45631,139],{"class":73},[59,45633,78],{"class":77},[59,45635,45636],{"class":81},"Enter another number: ",[59,45638,78],{"class":77},[59,45640,165],{"class":73},[59,45642,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45644,715],{"class":135},[59,45646,139],{"class":73},[59,45648,2572],{"class":142},[59,45650,2084],{"class":69},[59,45652,2577],{"class":142},[59,45654,165],{"class":73},[20,45656,40920,45657,4408,45659,45661,45662,18962,45665,358],{},[15,45658,2522],{},[15,45660,2159],{},", the result is ",[15,45663,45664],{},"45",[15,45666,2167],{},[1127,45668,45670,45671,45673,45674],{"id":45669},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45672,40503],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45675,2895],{},[20,45677,239],{},[50,45679,45681],{"className":52,"code":45680,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45682,45683],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45684,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45686,21626],{"class":65},[59,45688,70],{"class":69},[59,45690,45078],{"class":697},[59,45692,139],{"class":73},[59,45694,42263],{"class":135},[59,45696,139],{"class":73},[59,45698,78],{"class":77},[59,45700,44982],{"class":81},[59,45702,78],{"class":77},[59,45704,710],{"class":73},[20,45706,8276,45707,45710,45711,358],{},[15,45708,45709],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45712,40503],{},[20,45714,45715,45716,358],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[354,45717,45719],{"href":45718},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1127,45721,45723],{"id":45722},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45725,45726],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[50,45728,45730],{"className":52,"code":45729,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45731,45732,45750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45733,45734,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45735,7882],{"class":65},[59,45737,70],{"class":69},[59,45739,8247],{"class":135},[59,45741,139],{"class":73},[59,45743,78],{"class":77},[59,45745,44688],{"class":81},[59,45747,78],{"class":77},[59,45749,165],{"class":73},[59,45751,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45753,715],{"class":135},[59,45755,139],{"class":73},[59,45757,41579],{"class":135},[59,45759,139],{"class":73},[59,45761,7676],{"class":142},[59,45763,710],{"class":73},[20,45765,45766],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45768,45769,45770,1002],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45771,45772],{},".strip()",[50,45774,45776],{"className":52,"code":45775,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45777,45778,45800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45779,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796,45798],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45781,7882],{"class":65},[59,45783,70],{"class":69},[59,45785,8247],{"class":135},[59,45787,139],{"class":73},[59,45789,78],{"class":77},[59,45791,44688],{"class":81},[59,45793,78],{"class":77},[59,45795,8635],{"class":73},[59,45797,8638],{"class":142},[59,45799,8647],{"class":73},[59,45801,45802,45804,45806,45808],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45803,715],{"class":135},[59,45805,139],{"class":73},[59,45807,7676],{"class":142},[59,45809,165],{"class":73},[44718,45811],{},[45,45813,45815],{"id":45814},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45817,45818,45819,45821],{},"These habits make ",[15,45820,2975],{}," easier and safer to use.",[29,45823,45824,45827,45832,45835],{},[32,45825,45826],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[32,45828,201,45829,45831],{},[15,45830,45772],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[32,45833,45834],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[32,45836,201,45837,45839],{},[15,45838,29770],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45841,45842,45843,1002],{},"Example with ",[15,45844,45772],{},[50,45846,45848],{"className":52,"code":45847,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45849,45850,45874],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45851,45852,45855,45857,45859,45861,45863,45866,45868,45870,45872],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45853,45854],{"class":65},"city ",[59,45856,70],{"class":69},[59,45858,8247],{"class":135},[59,45860,139],{"class":73},[59,45862,78],{"class":77},[59,45864,45865],{"class":81},"Enter your city: ",[59,45867,78],{"class":77},[59,45869,8635],{"class":73},[59,45871,8638],{"class":142},[59,45873,8647],{"class":73},[59,45875,45876,45878,45880,45882,45885,45887,45889,45891],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45877,715],{"class":135},[59,45879,139],{"class":73},[59,45881,78],{"class":77},[59,45883,45884],{"class":81},"City:",[59,45886,78],{"class":77},[59,45888,87],{"class":73},[59,45890,31373],{"class":142},[59,45892,165],{"class":73},[20,45894,45842,45895,1002],{},[15,45896,29770],{},[50,45898,45900],{"className":52,"code":45899,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45901,45902,45908,45931,45963,45971],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,45903,45904,45906],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,45905,29792],{"class":120},[59,45907,1561],{"class":73},[59,45909,45910,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927,45929],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,45911,45912],{"class":65},"    age ",[59,45914,70],{"class":69},[59,45916,45078],{"class":697},[59,45918,139],{"class":73},[59,45920,42263],{"class":135},[59,45922,139],{"class":73},[59,45924,78],{"class":77},[59,45926,44982],{"class":81},[59,45928,78],{"class":77},[59,45930,710],{"class":73},[59,45932,45933,45935,45937,45939,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952,45954,45956,45959,45961],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,45934,152],{"class":135},[59,45936,139],{"class":73},[59,45938,78],{"class":77},[59,45940,45941],{"class":81},"You will be",[59,45943,78],{"class":77},[59,45945,87],{"class":73},[59,45947,45260],{"class":142},[59,45949,2084],{"class":69},[59,45951,5506],{"class":178},[59,45953,87],{"class":73},[59,45955,90],{"class":77},[59,45957,45958],{"class":81},"next year",[59,45960,78],{"class":77},[59,45962,165],{"class":73},[59,45964,45965,45967,45969],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,45966,29823],{"class":120},[59,45968,41726],{"class":697},[59,45970,1561],{"class":73},[59,45972,45973,45975,45977,45979,45982,45984],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,45974,152],{"class":135},[59,45976,139],{"class":73},[59,45978,78],{"class":77},[59,45980,45981],{"class":81},"Please enter a whole number.",[59,45983,78],{"class":77},[59,45985,165],{"class":73},[20,45987,45988],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45990,45991,45992,358],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[354,45993,45995],{"href":45994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44718,45997],{},[45,45999,1579],{"id":1578},[20,46001,46002,46003,1002],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46004,2975],{},[29,46006,46007,46014,46017,46020],{},[32,46008,46009,46010,2896,46012],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46011,2895],{},[15,46013,2902],{},[32,46015,46016],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[32,46018,46019],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[32,46021,46022],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46024,32071],{},[50,46026,46028],{"className":52,"code":46027,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46029,46030,46040,46054],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46031,46032,46034,46036,46038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46033,715],{"class":135},[59,46035,139],{"class":73},[59,46037,1217],{"class":142},[59,46039,165],{"class":73},[59,46041,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46043,715],{"class":135},[59,46045,139],{"class":73},[59,46047,3239],{"class":697},[59,46049,139],{"class":73},[59,46051,1217],{"class":142},[59,46053,710],{"class":73},[59,46055,46056,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46057,715],{"class":135},[59,46059,139],{"class":73},[59,46061,41579],{"class":135},[59,46063,139],{"class":73},[59,46065,1217],{"class":142},[59,46067,710],{"class":73},[20,46069,46070,46071,46073],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46072,2975],{}," actually returned:",[29,46075,46076,46081,46086],{},[32,46077,46078,46080],{},[15,46079,41627],{}," shows the value",[32,46082,46083,46085],{},[15,46084,41633],{}," shows the data type",[32,46087,46088,46090],{},[15,46089,41638],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46092,239],{},[50,46094,46096],{"className":52,"code":46095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46097,46098,46117,46127,46141],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46099,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110,46113,46115],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46101,2464],{"class":65},[59,46103,70],{"class":69},[59,46105,8247],{"class":135},[59,46107,139],{"class":73},[59,46109,78],{"class":77},[59,46111,46112],{"class":81},"Enter something: ",[59,46114,78],{"class":77},[59,46116,165],{"class":73},[59,46118,46119,46121,46123,46125],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46120,715],{"class":135},[59,46122,139],{"class":73},[59,46124,1217],{"class":142},[59,46126,165],{"class":73},[59,46128,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46130,715],{"class":135},[59,46132,139],{"class":73},[59,46134,3239],{"class":697},[59,46136,139],{"class":73},[59,46138,1217],{"class":142},[59,46140,710],{"class":73},[59,46142,46143,46145,46147,46149,46151,46153],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,46144,715],{"class":135},[59,46146,139],{"class":73},[59,46148,41579],{"class":135},[59,46150,139],{"class":73},[59,46152,1217],{"class":142},[59,46154,710],{"class":73},[44718,46156],{},[45,46158,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,46160,1882,46162,46164],{"id":46161},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46163,2975],{}," return an integer?",[20,46166,46167,46168,46170,46171,39728],{},"No. ",[15,46169,2975],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46172,2895],{},[1127,46174,46176,46177,1905],{"id":46175},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46178,2975],{},[20,46180,46181,46182,46184],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46183,2975],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1127,46186,5169,46188,46191,46192,1905],{"id":46187},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46189,46190],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46193,2975],{},[20,46195,1397,46196,46198,46199,41955,46201,46203],{},[15,46197,2975],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46200,45508],{},[15,46202,45512],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1127,46205,46207],{"id":46206},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46209,201,46210,46212,46213,358],{},[15,46211,45772],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46214,46215],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44718,46217],{},[45,46219,1927],{"id":1926},[29,46221,46222,46227,46231,46237,46243,46247],{},[32,46223,46224],{},[354,46225,46226],{"href":45994},"How to get user input in Python",[32,46228,46229],{},[354,46230,9062],{"href":8984},[32,46232,46233],{},[354,46234,13,46235,536],{"href":2892},[15,46236,2895],{},[32,46238,46239],{},[354,46240,13,46241,536],{"href":2899},[15,46242,2902],{},[32,46244,46245],{},[354,46246,45719],{"href":45718},[32,46248,46249],{},[354,46250,13,46252,536],{"href":46251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46253,46254],{},"print()",[1953,46256,46257],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":46259},[46260,46261,46263,46264,46266,46272,46280,46281,46282,46291],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":44722,"depth":110,"text":46262},"What input() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":44951,"depth":110,"text":46265},"What input() returns",{"id":45154,"depth":110,"text":45155,"children":46267},[46268,46269,46271],{"id":45158,"depth":117,"text":45159},{"id":45211,"depth":117,"text":46270},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45282,"depth":117,"text":45283},{"id":45517,"depth":110,"text":45518,"children":46273},[46274,46276,46277,46279],{"id":45526,"depth":117,"text":46275},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45594,"depth":117,"text":45595},{"id":45669,"depth":117,"text":46278},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45722,"depth":117,"text":45723},{"id":45814,"depth":110,"text":45815},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":46283},[46284,46286,46288,46290],{"id":46161,"depth":117,"text":46285},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46175,"depth":117,"text":46287},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46187,"depth":117,"text":46289},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46206,"depth":117,"text":46207},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41994,"description":46292},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46299,"title":41896,"body":46300,"description":48613,"extension":1988,"meta":48614,"navigation":113,"path":48615,"seo":48616,"stem":48617,"__hash__":48618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46301,"toc":48565},[46302,46307,46312,46317,46338,46341,46343,46403,46405,46424,46429,46434,46439,46441,46454,46456,46539,46541,46582,46588,46590,46620,46626,46629,46646,46648,46700,46702,46720,46726,46732,46735,46753,46755,46828,46830,46849,46856,46862,46867,46870,46930,46932,46951,46954,46957,46972,46978,46982,47043,47045,47066,47070,47199,47201,47331,47341,47347,47353,47361,47427,47429,47454,47457,47474,47487,47493,47496,47529,47531,47544,47547,47590,47592,47600,47607,47611,47618,47622,47649,47651,47659,47665,47682,47687,47691,47718,47720,47728,47732,47737,47740,47766,47769,47778,47786,47790,47800,47804,47807,47809,47860,47862,47892,47902,47929,47931,47939,47949,47953,47956,47958,48006,48008,48052,48058,48109,48111,48130,48135,48140,48143,48162,48165,48217,48219,48228,48230,48234,48238,48241,48250,48257,48259,48286,48290,48292,48301,48304,48311,48317,48377,48381,48383,48391,48394,48420,48426,48429,48449,48451,48460,48468,48470,48476,48481,48488,48498,48504,48512,48516,48519,48521,48562],[10,46303,13,46305,18],{"id":46304},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46306,2895],{},[20,46308,32306,46309,46311],{},[15,46310,2895],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46313,35394,46314,46316],{},[15,46315,2895],{}," when they want to:",[29,46318,46319,46329,46332,46335],{},[32,46320,46321,46322,46325,46326],{},"turn text like ",[15,46323,46324],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46327,46328],{},"42",[32,46330,46331],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[32,46333,46334],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[32,46336,46337],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46339,46340],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[45,46342,48],{"id":47},[50,46344,46346],{"className":52,"code":46345,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46347,46348,46366,46380],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46349,46350,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46362,46364],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46351,715],{"class":135},[59,46353,139],{"class":73},[59,46355,2209],{"class":697},[59,46357,139],{"class":73},[59,46359,78],{"class":77},[59,46361,46328],{"class":81},[59,46363,78],{"class":77},[59,46365,710],{"class":73},[59,46367,46368,46370,46372,46374,46376,46378],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46369,715],{"class":135},[59,46371,139],{"class":73},[59,46373,2209],{"class":697},[59,46375,139],{"class":73},[59,46377,41784],{"class":178},[59,46379,710],{"class":73},[59,46381,46382,46384,46386,46388,46390,46392,46395,46397,46399,46401],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46383,715],{"class":135},[59,46385,139],{"class":73},[59,46387,2209],{"class":697},[59,46389,139],{"class":73},[59,46391,78],{"class":77},[59,46393,46394],{"class":81},"101",[59,46396,78],{"class":77},[59,46398,87],{"class":73},[59,46400,3009],{"class":178},[59,46402,710],{"class":73},[20,46404,168],{},[50,46406,46408],{"className":52,"code":46407,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46409,46410,46415,46420],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46411,46412],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46413,46414],{"class":178},"42\n",[59,46416,46417],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46418,46419],{"class":178},"3\n",[59,46421,46422],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46423,2964],{"class":178},[20,46425,201,46426,46428],{},[15,46427,2895],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[45,46430,208,46432,211],{"id":46431},"what-int-does",[15,46433,2895],{},[20,46435,46436,46438],{},[15,46437,2895],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46440,13054],{},[29,46442,46443,46448,46451],{},[32,46444,46445,46446,7347],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46447,2209],{},[32,46449,46450],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[32,46452,46453],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46455,239],{},[50,46457,46459],{"className":52,"code":46458,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46460,46461,46473,46487,46491,46501,46511,46525],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46462,46463,46465,46467,46469,46471],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46464,34675],{"class":65},[59,46466,70],{"class":69},[59,46468,90],{"class":77},[59,46470,9197],{"class":81},[59,46472,3374],{"class":77},[59,46474,46475,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46476,2236],{"class":65},[59,46478,70],{"class":69},[59,46480,45078],{"class":697},[59,46482,139],{"class":73},[59,46484,34696],{"class":142},[59,46486,165],{"class":73},[59,46488,46489],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46490,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,46492,46493,46495,46497,46499],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,46494,715],{"class":135},[59,46496,139],{"class":73},[59,46498,34696],{"class":142},[59,46500,165],{"class":73},[59,46502,46503,46505,46507,46509],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,46504,715],{"class":135},[59,46506,139],{"class":73},[59,46508,896],{"class":142},[59,46510,165],{"class":73},[59,46512,46513,46515,46517,46519,46521,46523],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,46514,715],{"class":135},[59,46516,139],{"class":73},[59,46518,3239],{"class":697},[59,46520,139],{"class":73},[59,46522,34696],{"class":142},[59,46524,710],{"class":73},[59,46526,46527,46529,46531,46533,46535,46537],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,46528,715],{"class":135},[59,46530,139],{"class":73},[59,46532,3239],{"class":697},[59,46534,139],{"class":73},[59,46536,896],{"class":142},[59,46538,710],{"class":73},[20,46540,168],{},[50,46542,46544],{"className":52,"code":46543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46545,46546,46550,46554,46568],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46547,46548],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46549,2727],{"class":178},[59,46551,46552],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46553,2727],{"class":178},[59,46555,46556,46558,46560,46562,46564,46566],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46557,1769],{"class":69},[59,46559,3310],{"class":887},[59,46561,1734],{"class":77},[59,46563,3460],{"class":81},[59,46565,1725],{"class":77},[59,46567,1788],{"class":69},[59,46569,46570,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,46571,1769],{"class":69},[59,46573,3310],{"class":887},[59,46575,1734],{"class":77},[59,46577,2209],{"class":81},[59,46579,1725],{"class":77},[59,46581,1788],{"class":69},[20,46583,46584,46585,46587],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46586,2895],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[45,46589,362],{"id":361},[50,46591,46593],{"className":52,"code":46592,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46594,46595,46605],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46596,46597,46599,46601,46603],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46598,2209],{"class":697},[59,46600,139],{"class":73},[59,46602,1260],{"class":142},[59,46604,165],{"class":73},[59,46606,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615,46618],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46608,2209],{"class":697},[59,46610,139],{"class":73},[59,46612,1260],{"class":142},[59,46614,87],{"class":73},[59,46616,46617],{"class":142}," base",[59,46619,165],{"class":73},[1127,46621,46623],{"id":46622},"intx",[15,46624,46625],{},"int(x)",[20,46627,46628],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[29,46630,46631,46636,46641],{},[32,46632,46633,46634],{},"a string such as ",[15,46635,41926],{},[32,46637,46638,46639],{},"a float such as ",[15,46640,41784],{},[32,46642,46643,46644],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46645,3619],{},[20,46647,239],{},[50,46649,46651],{"className":52,"code":46650,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46652,46653,46671,46686],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46654,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46656,715],{"class":135},[59,46658,139],{"class":73},[59,46660,2209],{"class":697},[59,46662,139],{"class":73},[59,46664,78],{"class":77},[59,46666,671],{"class":81},[59,46668,78],{"class":77},[59,46670,710],{"class":73},[59,46672,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46684],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46674,715],{"class":135},[59,46676,139],{"class":73},[59,46678,2209],{"class":697},[59,46680,139],{"class":73},[59,46682,46683],{"class":178},"8.7",[59,46685,710],{"class":73},[59,46687,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696,46698],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46689,715],{"class":135},[59,46691,139],{"class":73},[59,46693,2209],{"class":697},[59,46695,139],{"class":73},[59,46697,3619],{"class":3867},[59,46699,710],{"class":73},[20,46701,168],{},[50,46703,46705],{"className":52,"code":46704,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46706,46707,46711,46715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46708,46709],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46710,2393],{"class":178},[59,46712,46713],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46714,2398],{"class":178},[59,46716,46717],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46718,46719],{"class":178},"1\n",[1127,46721,46723],{"id":46722},"intx-base",[15,46724,46725],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46727,46728,46729,46731],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46730,1260],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46733,46734],{},"Common bases:",[29,46736,46737,46742,46747],{},[32,46738,46739,46741],{},[15,46740,195],{}," for binary",[32,46743,46744,46746],{},[15,46745,2362],{}," for octal",[32,46748,46749,46752],{},[15,46750,46751],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46754,239],{},[50,46756,46758],{"className":52,"code":46757,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46759,46760,46782,46805],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46761,46762,46764,46766,46768,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46763,715],{"class":135},[59,46765,139],{"class":73},[59,46767,2209],{"class":697},[59,46769,139],{"class":73},[59,46771,78],{"class":77},[59,46773,46394],{"class":81},[59,46775,78],{"class":77},[59,46777,87],{"class":73},[59,46779,3009],{"class":178},[59,46781,710],{"class":73},[59,46783,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46797,46799,46801,46803],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46785,715],{"class":135},[59,46787,139],{"class":73},[59,46789,2209],{"class":697},[59,46791,139],{"class":73},[59,46793,78],{"class":77},[59,46795,46796],{"class":81},"17",[59,46798,78],{"class":77},[59,46800,87],{"class":73},[59,46802,6366],{"class":178},[59,46804,710],{"class":73},[59,46806,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46820,46822,46824,46826],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46808,715],{"class":135},[59,46810,139],{"class":73},[59,46812,2209],{"class":697},[59,46814,139],{"class":73},[59,46816,78],{"class":77},[59,46818,46819],{"class":81},"1A",[59,46821,78],{"class":77},[59,46823,87],{"class":73},[59,46825,13987],{"class":178},[59,46827,710],{"class":73},[20,46829,168],{},[50,46831,46833],{"className":52,"code":46832,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46834,46835,46839,46844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46836,46837],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46838,2964],{"class":178},[59,46840,46841],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46842,46843],{"class":178},"15\n",[59,46845,46846],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46847,46848],{"class":178},"26\n",[20,46850,46851,46852,358],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[354,46853,46854,2320],{"href":2899},[15,46855,2902],{},[45,46857,1599,46859,46861],{"id":46858},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46860,2895],{}," with strings",[20,46863,46864,46866],{},[15,46865,2895],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46868,46869],{},"Examples that work:",[50,46871,46873],{"className":52,"code":46872,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46874,46875,46893,46911],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46878,715],{"class":135},[59,46880,139],{"class":73},[59,46882,2209],{"class":697},[59,46884,139],{"class":73},[59,46886,78],{"class":77},[59,46888,2159],{"class":81},[59,46890,78],{"class":77},[59,46892,710],{"class":73},[59,46894,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46896,715],{"class":135},[59,46898,139],{"class":73},[59,46900,2209],{"class":697},[59,46902,139],{"class":73},[59,46904,78],{"class":77},[59,46906,2309],{"class":81},[59,46908,78],{"class":77},[59,46910,710],{"class":73},[59,46912,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46926,46928],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46914,715],{"class":135},[59,46916,139],{"class":73},[59,46918,2209],{"class":697},[59,46920,139],{"class":73},[59,46922,78],{"class":77},[59,46924,46925],{"class":81},"  42  ",[59,46927,78],{"class":77},[59,46929,710],{"class":73},[20,46931,168],{},[50,46933,46935],{"className":52,"code":46934,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46936,46937,46941,46947],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46938,46939],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46940,2964],{"class":178},[59,46942,46943,46945],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46944,2047],{"class":69},[59,46946,2244],{"class":178},[59,46948,46949],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,46950,46414],{"class":178},[20,46952,46953],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46955,46956],{},"Examples that fail:",[50,46958,46960],{"className":52,"code":46959,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46961,46962,46967],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46963,46964],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46965,46966],{"class":3678},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[59,46968,46969],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,46970,46971],{"class":3678},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46973,46974,46975,46977],{},"These raise ",[15,46976,40503],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1127,46979,46981],{"id":46980},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[50,46983,46985],{"className":52,"code":46984,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46986,46987,47005,47024],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,46988,46989,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,46990,715],{"class":135},[59,46992,139],{"class":73},[59,46994,2209],{"class":697},[59,46996,139],{"class":73},[59,46998,78],{"class":77},[59,47000,179],{"class":81},[59,47002,78],{"class":77},[59,47004,710],{"class":73},[59,47006,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015,47017,47020,47022],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47008,715],{"class":135},[59,47010,139],{"class":73},[59,47012,2209],{"class":697},[59,47014,139],{"class":73},[59,47016,78],{"class":77},[59,47018,47019],{"class":81},"+7",[59,47021,78],{"class":77},[59,47023,710],{"class":73},[59,47025,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47039,47041],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47027,715],{"class":135},[59,47029,139],{"class":73},[59,47031,2209],{"class":697},[59,47033,139],{"class":73},[59,47035,78],{"class":77},[59,47037,47038],{"class":81},"-100",[59,47040,78],{"class":77},[59,47042,710],{"class":73},[20,47044,168],{},[50,47046,47048],{"className":52,"code":47047,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47049,47050,47055,47059],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47051,47052],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47053,47054],{"class":178},"0\n",[59,47056,47057],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47058,2103],{"class":178},[59,47060,47061,47063],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47062,2047],{"class":69},[59,47064,47065],{"class":178},"100\n",[1127,47067,47069],{"id":47068},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[50,47071,47073],{"className":52,"code":47072,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47074,47075,47113,47117,47129,47136,47151,47166],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47076,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47109,47111],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47078,3837],{"class":65},[59,47080,70],{"class":69},[59,47082,74],{"class":73},[59,47084,78],{"class":77},[59,47086,39942],{"class":81},[59,47088,78],{"class":77},[59,47090,87],{"class":73},[59,47092,90],{"class":77},[59,47094,47095],{"class":81},"12abc",[59,47097,78],{"class":77},[59,47099,87],{"class":73},[59,47101,6132],{"class":77},[59,47103,87],{"class":73},[59,47105,90],{"class":77},[59,47107,47108],{"class":81},"seven",[59,47110,78],{"class":77},[59,47112,107],{"class":73},[59,47114,47115],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47116,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,47118,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47120,121],{"class":120},[59,47122,1173],{"class":65},[59,47124,132],{"class":120},[59,47126,3899],{"class":65},[59,47128,1561],{"class":73},[59,47130,47131,47134],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47132,47133],{"class":120},"    try",[59,47135,1561],{"class":73},[59,47137,47138,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,47139,47140],{"class":135},"        print",[59,47142,139],{"class":73},[59,47144,2209],{"class":697},[59,47146,139],{"class":73},[59,47148,1217],{"class":142},[59,47150,710],{"class":73},[59,47152,47153,47156,47158,47161,47164],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,47154,47155],{"class":120},"    except",[59,47157,41726],{"class":697},[59,47159,47160],{"class":120}," as",[59,47162,47163],{"class":65}," error",[59,47165,1561],{"class":73},[59,47167,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176,47178,47180,47183,47185,47188,47190,47193,47195,47197],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,47169,47140],{"class":135},[59,47171,139],{"class":73},[59,47173,888],{"class":887},[59,47175,78],{"class":81},[59,47177,893],{"class":178},[59,47179,1217],{"class":142},[59,47181,47182],{"class":887},"!r",[59,47184,899],{"class":178},[59,47186,47187],{"class":81}," -> ",[59,47189,893],{"class":178},[59,47191,47192],{"class":142},"error",[59,47194,899],{"class":178},[59,47196,78],{"class":81},[59,47198,165],{"class":73},[20,47200,168],{},[50,47202,47204],{"className":52,"code":47203,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47205,47206,47242,47274,47299],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47207,47208,47210,47212,47214,47217,47220,47222,47224,47226,47229,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47209,1725],{"class":43129},[59,47211,39942],{"class":43133},[59,47213,1725],{"class":43129},[59,47215,47216],{"class":1780}," ->",[59,47218,47219],{"class":65}," invalid literal ",[59,47221,121],{"class":120},[59,47223,45078],{"class":697},[59,47225,7373],{"class":73},[59,47227,47228],{"class":120}," with",[59,47230,47231],{"class":65}," base ",[59,47233,671],{"class":178},[59,47235,1002],{"class":73},[59,47237,1734],{"class":77},[59,47239,39942],{"class":81},[59,47241,29688],{"class":77},[59,47243,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47245,1725],{"class":77},[59,47247,47095],{"class":81},[59,47249,1725],{"class":77},[59,47251,47216],{"class":1780},[59,47253,47219],{"class":65},[59,47255,121],{"class":120},[59,47257,45078],{"class":697},[59,47259,7373],{"class":73},[59,47261,47228],{"class":120},[59,47263,47231],{"class":65},[59,47265,671],{"class":178},[59,47267,1002],{"class":73},[59,47269,1734],{"class":77},[59,47271,47095],{"class":81},[59,47273,29688],{"class":77},[59,47275,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47277,3787],{"class":77},[59,47279,47216],{"class":1780},[59,47281,47219],{"class":65},[59,47283,121],{"class":120},[59,47285,45078],{"class":697},[59,47287,7373],{"class":73},[59,47289,47228],{"class":120},[59,47291,47231],{"class":65},[59,47293,671],{"class":178},[59,47295,1002],{"class":73},[59,47297,47298],{"class":77}," ''\n",[59,47300,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47302,1725],{"class":77},[59,47304,47108],{"class":81},[59,47306,1725],{"class":77},[59,47308,47216],{"class":1780},[59,47310,47219],{"class":65},[59,47312,121],{"class":120},[59,47314,45078],{"class":697},[59,47316,7373],{"class":73},[59,47318,47228],{"class":120},[59,47320,47231],{"class":65},[59,47322,671],{"class":178},[59,47324,1002],{"class":73},[59,47326,1734],{"class":77},[59,47328,47108],{"class":81},[59,47330,29688],{"class":77},[20,47332,47333,47334,47336,47337,358],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[354,47335,8985],{"href":8984}," and the ",[354,47338,47339,2320],{"href":8224},[15,47340,2975],{},[45,47342,1599,47344,47346],{"id":47343},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47345,2895],{}," with floats",[20,47348,47349,47350,47352],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47351,2895],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47354,47355,47356,14053,47358,47360],{},"Important: ",[15,47357,2895],{},[549,47359,4647],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[50,47362,47364],{"className":52,"code":47363,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47365,47366,47380,47395,47411],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47367,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47369,715],{"class":135},[59,47371,139],{"class":73},[59,47373,2209],{"class":697},[59,47375,139],{"class":73},[59,47377,41784],{"class":178},[59,47379,710],{"class":73},[59,47381,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47393],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47383,715],{"class":135},[59,47385,139],{"class":73},[59,47387,2209],{"class":697},[59,47389,139],{"class":73},[59,47391,47392],{"class":178},"3.1",[59,47394,710],{"class":73},[59,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47398,715],{"class":135},[59,47400,139],{"class":73},[59,47402,2209],{"class":697},[59,47404,139],{"class":73},[59,47406,2047],{"class":69},[59,47408,41784],{"class":178},[59,47410,710],{"class":73},[59,47412,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47423,47425],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47414,715],{"class":135},[59,47416,139],{"class":73},[59,47418,2209],{"class":697},[59,47420,139],{"class":73},[59,47422,2047],{"class":69},[59,47424,47392],{"class":178},[59,47426,710],{"class":73},[20,47428,168],{},[50,47430,47432],{"className":52,"code":47431,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47433,47434,47438,47442,47448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47435,47436],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47437,46419],{"class":178},[59,47439,47440],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47441,46419],{"class":178},[59,47443,47444,47446],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47445,2047],{"class":69},[59,47447,46419],{"class":178},[59,47449,47450,47452],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47451,2047],{"class":69},[59,47453,46419],{"class":178},[20,47455,47456],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[29,47458,47459,47466],{},[32,47460,47461,41955,47464],{},[15,47462,47463],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47465,950],{},[32,47467,47468,41955,47471],{},[15,47469,47470],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47472,47473],{},"-3",[20,47475,47476,47477,47481,47482,358],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[354,47478,47479],{"href":2899},[15,47480,2902],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[354,47483,47484],{"href":41975},[15,47485,47486],{},"str()",[45,47488,1599,47490,47492],{"id":47489},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47491,2895],{}," with booleans",[20,47494,47495],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[50,47497,47499],{"className":52,"code":47498,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47500,47501,47515],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47502,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47504,715],{"class":135},[59,47506,139],{"class":73},[59,47508,2209],{"class":697},[59,47510,139],{"class":73},[59,47512,3619],{"class":3867},[59,47514,710],{"class":73},[59,47516,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47518,715],{"class":135},[59,47520,139],{"class":73},[59,47522,2209],{"class":697},[59,47524,139],{"class":73},[59,47526,3689],{"class":3867},[59,47528,710],{"class":73},[20,47530,168],{},[50,47532,47534],{"className":52,"code":47533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1\n0\n",[15,47535,47536,47540],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47537,47538],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47539,46719],{"class":178},[59,47541,47542],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47543,47054],{"class":178},[20,47545,47546],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[50,47548,47550],{"className":52,"code":47549,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47551,47552,47561,47576,47580],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47553,47554,47557,47559],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47555,47556],{"class":65},"passed ",[59,47558,70],{"class":69},[59,47560,6429],{"class":3867},[59,47562,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47574],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47564,40982],{"class":65},[59,47566,70],{"class":69},[59,47568,45078],{"class":697},[59,47570,139],{"class":73},[59,47572,47573],{"class":142},"passed",[59,47575,165],{"class":73},[59,47577,47578],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47579,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,47581,47582,47584,47586,47588],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47583,715],{"class":135},[59,47585,139],{"class":73},[59,47587,41011],{"class":142},[59,47589,165],{"class":73},[20,47591,168],{},[50,47593,47594],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,47595,47596],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47597,47598],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47599,46719],{"class":178},[20,47601,47602,47603,358],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[354,47604,47605,2320],{"href":5788},[15,47606,3827],{},[45,47608,47610],{"id":47609},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47612,47613,47614,47617],{},"Use the ",[15,47615,47616],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1127,47619,47621],{"id":47620},"binary-example","Binary example",[50,47623,47625],{"className":52,"code":47624,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47626,47627],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47628,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47630,715],{"class":135},[59,47632,139],{"class":73},[59,47634,2209],{"class":697},[59,47636,139],{"class":73},[59,47638,78],{"class":77},[59,47640,46394],{"class":81},[59,47642,78],{"class":77},[59,47644,87],{"class":73},[59,47646,3009],{"class":178},[59,47648,710],{"class":73},[20,47650,168],{},[50,47652,47653],{"className":52,"code":2964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,47654,47655],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47656,47657],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47658,2964],{"class":178},[20,47660,47661,47664],{},[15,47662,47663],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[29,47666,47667,47672,47677],{},[32,47668,47669],{},[15,47670,47671],{},"1 × 4",[32,47673,47674],{},[15,47675,47676],{},"0 × 2",[32,47678,47679],{},[15,47680,47681],{},"1 × 1",[20,47683,47684,47685,358],{},"So the result is ",[15,47686,2159],{},[1127,47688,47690],{"id":47689},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[50,47692,47694],{"className":52,"code":47693,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47695,47696],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47697,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47699,715],{"class":135},[59,47701,139],{"class":73},[59,47703,2209],{"class":697},[59,47705,139],{"class":73},[59,47707,78],{"class":77},[59,47709,46819],{"class":81},[59,47711,78],{"class":77},[59,47713,87],{"class":73},[59,47715,13987],{"class":178},[59,47717,710],{"class":73},[20,47719,168],{},[50,47721,47722],{"className":52,"code":46848,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,47723,47724],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47725,47726],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47727,46848],{"class":178},[1127,47729,47731],{"id":47730},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47733,2005,47734,47736],{},[15,47735,47616],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47738,47739],{},"Good:",[50,47741,47742],{"className":52,"code":47624,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,47743,47744],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47745,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47747,715],{"class":135},[59,47749,139],{"class":73},[59,47751,2209],{"class":697},[59,47753,139],{"class":73},[59,47755,78],{"class":77},[59,47757,46394],{"class":81},[59,47759,78],{"class":77},[59,47761,87],{"class":73},[59,47763,3009],{"class":178},[59,47765,710],{"class":73},[20,47767,47768],{},"Not correct:",[50,47770,47772],{"className":52,"code":47771,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47773,47774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47775,47776],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47777,47771],{"class":3678},[20,47779,47780,47781,8605,47783,47785],{},"That causes a ",[15,47782,3021],{},[15,47784,47616],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[45,47787,47789],{"id":47788},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47791,47792,47793,47795,47796,4408,47798,358],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47794,2895],{}," are ",[15,47797,40503],{},[15,47799,3021],{},[1127,47801,47802],{"id":41313},[15,47803,40503],{},[20,47805,47806],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47808,239],{},[50,47810,47812],{"className":52,"code":47811,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47813,47814,47820,47838,47850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47815,47816,47818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47817,29792],{"class":120},[59,47819,1561],{"class":73},[59,47821,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47823,152],{"class":135},[59,47825,139],{"class":73},[59,47827,2209],{"class":697},[59,47829,139],{"class":73},[59,47831,78],{"class":77},[59,47833,39942],{"class":81},[59,47835,78],{"class":77},[59,47837,710],{"class":73},[59,47839,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47841,29823],{"class":120},[59,47843,41726],{"class":697},[59,47845,47160],{"class":120},[59,47847,47163],{"class":65},[59,47849,1561],{"class":73},[59,47851,47852,47854,47856,47858],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47853,152],{"class":135},[59,47855,139],{"class":73},[59,47857,47192],{"class":142},[59,47859,165],{"class":73},[20,47861,168],{},[50,47863,47865],{"className":52,"code":47864,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47866,47867],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47868,47869,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47870,47871],{"class":65},"invalid literal ",[59,47873,121],{"class":120},[59,47875,45078],{"class":697},[59,47877,7373],{"class":73},[59,47879,47228],{"class":120},[59,47881,47231],{"class":65},[59,47883,671],{"class":178},[59,47885,1002],{"class":73},[59,47887,1734],{"class":77},[59,47889,39942],{"class":81},[59,47891,29688],{"class":77},[20,47893,47894,47895,47898,47899,47901],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47896,47897],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47900,2895],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[50,47903,47905],{"className":52,"code":47904,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47906,47907],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47908,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47910,715],{"class":135},[59,47912,139],{"class":73},[59,47914,2209],{"class":697},[59,47916,139],{"class":73},[59,47918,2212],{"class":697},[59,47920,139],{"class":73},[59,47922,78],{"class":77},[59,47924,39942],{"class":81},[59,47926,78],{"class":77},[59,47928,1706],{"class":73},[20,47930,168],{},[50,47932,47933],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,47934,47935],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47936,47937],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47938,46419],{"class":178},[20,47940,47941,47942,4408,47945,358],{},"If you see this often, read ",[354,47943,47944],{"href":2979},"how to convert string to int in Python",[354,47946,25669,47947],{"href":45718},[15,47948,45719],{},[1127,47950,47951],{"id":41379},[15,47952,3021],{},[20,47954,47955],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47957,239],{},[50,47959,47961],{"className":52,"code":47960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47962,47963,47969,47983,47996],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,47964,47965,47967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,47966,29792],{"class":120},[59,47968,1561],{"class":73},[59,47970,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,47972,152],{"class":135},[59,47974,139],{"class":73},[59,47976,2209],{"class":697},[59,47978,139],{"class":73},[59,47980,3792],{"class":3867},[59,47982,710],{"class":73},[59,47984,47985,47987,47990,47992,47994],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,47986,29823],{"class":120},[59,47988,47989],{"class":697}," TypeError",[59,47991,47160],{"class":120},[59,47993,47163],{"class":65},[59,47995,1561],{"class":73},[59,47997,47998,48000,48002,48004],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,47999,152],{"class":135},[59,48001,139],{"class":73},[59,48003,47192],{"class":142},[59,48005,165],{"class":73},[20,48007,168],{},[50,48009,48011],{"className":52,"code":48010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48012,48013],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48014,48015,48017,48019,48022,48024,48026,48029,48031,48034,48036,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48050],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48016,2209],{"class":697},[59,48018,7373],{"class":73},[59,48020,48021],{"class":65}," argument must be a string",[59,48023,87],{"class":73},[59,48025,44346],{"class":65},[59,48027,48028],{"class":697},"bytes",[59,48030,2047],{"class":69},[59,48032,48033],{"class":65},"like ",[59,48035,42199],{"class":697},[59,48037,48038],{"class":69}," or",[59,48040,40639],{"class":65},[59,48042,87],{"class":73},[59,48044,8104],{"class":69},[59,48046,1734],{"class":77},[59,48048,48049],{"class":81},"NoneType",[59,48051,29688],{"class":77},[20,48053,48054,48055,48057],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48056,47616],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[50,48059,48061],{"className":52,"code":48060,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48062,48063,48069,48087,48099],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48064,48065,48067],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48066,29792],{"class":120},[59,48068,1561],{"class":73},[59,48070,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48072,152],{"class":135},[59,48074,139],{"class":73},[59,48076,2209],{"class":697},[59,48078,139],{"class":73},[59,48080,46394],{"class":178},[59,48082,87],{"class":73},[59,48084,3009],{"class":178},[59,48086,710],{"class":73},[59,48088,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48090,29823],{"class":120},[59,48092,47989],{"class":697},[59,48094,47160],{"class":120},[59,48096,47163],{"class":65},[59,48098,1561],{"class":73},[59,48100,48101,48103,48105,48107],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,48102,152],{"class":135},[59,48104,139],{"class":73},[59,48106,47192],{"class":142},[59,48108,165],{"class":73},[20,48110,168],{},[50,48112,48114],{"className":52,"code":48113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48115,48116],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48117,48118,48120,48122,48125,48127],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48119,2209],{"class":697},[59,48121,7373],{"class":73},[59,48123,48124],{"class":65}," can",[59,48126,1725],{"class":77},[59,48128,48129],{"class":81},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[45,48131,776,48133],{"id":48132},"when-to-use-int",[15,48134,2895],{},[20,48136,201,48137,48139],{},[15,48138,2895],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48141,48142],{},"Common uses:",[29,48144,48145,48151,48154,48157],{},[32,48146,48147,48148,48150],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48149,2975],{}," into integers",[32,48152,48153],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[32,48155,48156],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[32,48158,48159,48160,987],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48161,47616],{},[20,48163,48164],{},"Example with user input:",[50,48166,48168],{"className":52,"code":48167,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48169,48170,48184,48199,48203],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48171,48172,48175,48177,48179,48182],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48173,48174],{"class":65},"age_text ",[59,48176,70],{"class":69},[59,48178,90],{"class":77},[59,48180,48181],{"class":81},"18",[59,48183,3374],{"class":77},[59,48185,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48197],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48187,21626],{"class":65},[59,48189,70],{"class":69},[59,48191,45078],{"class":697},[59,48193,139],{"class":73},[59,48195,48196],{"class":142},"age_text",[59,48198,165],{"class":73},[59,48200,48201],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48202,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48204,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,48206,715],{"class":135},[59,48208,139],{"class":73},[59,48210,21626],{"class":142},[59,48212,2084],{"class":69},[59,48214,5506],{"class":178},[59,48216,165],{"class":73},[20,48218,168],{},[50,48220,48222],{"className":52,"code":48221,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"19\n",[15,48223,48224],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48225,48226],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48227,48221],{"class":178},[45,48229,1579],{"id":1578},[20,48231,14733,48232,358],{},[15,48233,2895],{},[1127,48235,48237],{"id":48236},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48239,48240],{},"This fails:",[50,48242,48244],{"className":52,"code":48243,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48245,48246],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48247,48248],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48249,48243],{"class":3678},[20,48251,48252,48253,48256],{},"Why: ",[15,48254,48255],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48258,18839],{},[50,48260,48262],{"className":52,"code":48261,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48263,48264],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48265,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282,48284],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48267,715],{"class":135},[59,48269,139],{"class":73},[59,48271,2209],{"class":697},[59,48273,139],{"class":73},[59,48275,2212],{"class":697},[59,48277,139],{"class":73},[59,48279,78],{"class":77},[59,48281,40923],{"class":81},[59,48283,78],{"class":77},[59,48285,1706],{"class":73},[1127,48287,48289],{"id":48288},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48291,48240],{},[50,48293,48295],{"className":52,"code":48294,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48296,48297],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48298,48299],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48300,48294],{"class":3678},[20,48302,48303],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1127,48305,48307,48308],{"id":48306},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48309,48310],{},"int(None)",[20,48312,48313,48314,48316],{},"This fails because ",[15,48315,3792],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[50,48318,48320],{"className":52,"code":48319,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48321,48322,48331,48335,48341,48355,48367],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48323,48324,48326,48328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48325,2464],{"class":65},[59,48327,70],{"class":69},[59,48329,48330],{"class":3867}," None\n",[59,48332,48333],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48334,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48336,48337,48339],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48338,29792],{"class":120},[59,48340,1561],{"class":73},[59,48342,48343,48345,48347,48349,48351,48353],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,48344,152],{"class":135},[59,48346,139],{"class":73},[59,48348,2209],{"class":697},[59,48350,139],{"class":73},[59,48352,1217],{"class":142},[59,48354,710],{"class":73},[59,48356,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,48358,29823],{"class":120},[59,48360,47989],{"class":697},[59,48362,47160],{"class":120},[59,48364,47163],{"class":65},[59,48366,1561],{"class":73},[59,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,48370,152],{"class":135},[59,48372,139],{"class":73},[59,48374,47192],{"class":142},[59,48376,165],{"class":73},[1127,48378,48380],{"id":48379},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48382,48240],{},[50,48384,48385],{"className":52,"code":47771,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,48386,48387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48388,48389],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48390,47771],{"class":3678},[20,48392,48393],{},"Use a string instead:",[50,48395,48396],{"className":52,"code":47624,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,48397,48398],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48399,48400,48402,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412,48414,48416,48418],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48401,715],{"class":135},[59,48403,139],{"class":73},[59,48405,2209],{"class":697},[59,48407,139],{"class":73},[59,48409,78],{"class":77},[59,48411,46394],{"class":81},[59,48413,78],{"class":77},[59,48415,87],{"class":73},[59,48417,3009],{"class":178},[59,48419,710],{"class":73},[1127,48421,8456,48423,48425],{"id":48422},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48424,2895],{}," to round",[20,48427,48428],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[50,48430,48432],{"className":52,"code":48431,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48433,48434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48435,48436,48438,48440,48442,48444,48447],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48437,715],{"class":135},[59,48439,139],{"class":73},[59,48441,2209],{"class":697},[59,48443,139],{"class":73},[59,48445,48446],{"class":178},"4.9",[59,48448,710],{"class":73},[20,48450,168],{},[50,48452,48454],{"className":52,"code":48453,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"4\n",[15,48455,48456],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48457,48458],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48459,48453],{"class":178},[20,48461,3186,48462,48464,48465,48467],{},[15,48463,2159],{},", remember that ",[15,48466,2895],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[45,48469,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,48471,1882,48473,48475],{"id":48472},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48474,2895],{}," round numbers?",[20,48477,46167,48478,48480],{},[15,48479,2895],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1127,48482,5169,48484,48487],{"id":48483},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48485,48486],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48489,1397,48490,48492,48493,48495,48496,39728],{},[15,48491,47897],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48494,2902],{}," first, then use ",[15,48497,2895],{},[1127,48499,1872,48501,12718],{"id":48500},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48502,48503],{},"int(True)",[20,48505,5159,48506,902,48508,41955,48510,358],{},[15,48507,187],{},[15,48509,3689],{},[15,48511,179],{},[1127,48513,48515],{"id":48514},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48517,48518],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[45,48520,1927],{"id":1926},[29,48522,48523,48529,48535,48541,48546,48550,48556],{},[32,48524,48525],{},[354,48526,48527,536],{"href":2899},[15,48528,2902],{},[32,48530,48531],{},[354,48532,48533,536],{"href":41975},[15,48534,47486],{},[32,48536,48537],{},[354,48538,48539,536],{"href":5788},[15,48540,3827],{},[32,48542,48543],{},[354,48544,48545],{"href":2979},"How to convert string to int in Python",[32,48547,48548],{},[354,48549,9062],{"href":8984},[32,48551,48552],{},[354,48553,48554,536],{"href":8224},[15,48555,2975],{},[32,48557,48558],{},[354,48559,30335,48560],{"href":45718},[15,48561,45719],{},[1953,48563,48564],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":48566},[48567,48568,48570,48574,48579,48581,48583,48588,48592,48594,48603,48612],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":46431,"depth":110,"text":48569},"What int() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":48571},[48572,48573],{"id":46622,"depth":117,"text":46625},{"id":46722,"depth":117,"text":46725},{"id":46858,"depth":110,"text":48575,"children":48576},"Using int() with strings",[48577,48578],{"id":46980,"depth":117,"text":46981},{"id":47068,"depth":117,"text":47069},{"id":47343,"depth":110,"text":48580},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47489,"depth":110,"text":48582},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47609,"depth":110,"text":47610,"children":48584},[48585,48586,48587],{"id":47620,"depth":117,"text":47621},{"id":47689,"depth":117,"text":47690},{"id":47730,"depth":117,"text":47731},{"id":47788,"depth":110,"text":47789,"children":48589},[48590,48591],{"id":41313,"depth":117,"text":40503},{"id":41379,"depth":117,"text":3021},{"id":48132,"depth":110,"text":48593},"When to use int()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":48595},[48596,48597,48598,48600,48601],{"id":48236,"depth":117,"text":48237},{"id":48288,"depth":117,"text":48289},{"id":48306,"depth":117,"text":48599},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48379,"depth":117,"text":48380},{"id":48422,"depth":117,"text":48602},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":48604},[48605,48607,48609,48611],{"id":48472,"depth":117,"text":48606},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48483,"depth":117,"text":48608},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48500,"depth":117,"text":48610},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48514,"depth":117,"text":48515},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41896,"description":48613},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48620,"title":48621,"body":48622,"description":50458,"extension":1988,"meta":50459,"navigation":113,"path":44604,"seo":50460,"stem":50461,"__hash__":50462},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48623,"toc":50414},[48624,48629,48634,48642,48651,48653,48712,48718,48723,48728,48731,48759,48762,48765,48776,48786,48788,48790,48810,48814,48842,48844,48883,48885,48893,48895,48898,48902,48955,48957,48969,48973,49030,49032,49044,49050,49056,49060,49063,49066,49132,49134,49146,49152,49154,49206,49209,49250,49253,49260,49269,49275,49278,49311,49317,49320,49351,49357,49360,49372,49376,49381,49385,49543,49545,49560,49563,49567,49671,49673,49690,49694,49755,49757,49765,49768,49772,49839,49841,49850,49856,49858,49867,49869,49904,49909,49911,49941,49945,49947,49984,49987,49989,50026,50032,50034,50084,50086,50094,50104,50110,50114,50119,50168,50170,50183,50186,50188,50191,50266,50269,50288,50291,50321,50331,50333,50338,50345,50351,50357,50364,50372,50378,50381,50383,50411],[10,48625,13,48627,18],{"id":48626},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48628,44607],{},[20,48630,48631,48633],{},[15,48632,44607],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48635,48636,48637,2896,48639,48641],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48638,3619],{},[15,48640,3689],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48643,48644,48645,48647,48648,48650],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48646,44607],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48649,2319],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[45,48652,3624],{"id":3623},[50,48654,48656],{"className":52,"code":48655,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48657,48658,48666,48670,48691],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48659,48660,48662,48664],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48661,2464],{"class":65},[59,48663,70],{"class":69},[59,48665,2605],{"class":178},[59,48667,48668],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48669,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48671,48672,48674,48676,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687,48689],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48673,715],{"class":135},[59,48675,139],{"class":73},[59,48677,48678],{"class":135},"isinstance",[59,48680,139],{"class":73},[59,48682,1217],{"class":142},[59,48684,87],{"class":73},[59,48686,45078],{"class":697},[59,48688,5369],{"class":73},[59,48690,43656],{"class":3678},[59,48692,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48708,48710],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,48694,715],{"class":135},[59,48696,139],{"class":73},[59,48698,48678],{"class":135},[59,48700,139],{"class":73},[59,48702,1217],{"class":142},[59,48704,87],{"class":73},[59,48706,48707],{"class":697}," str",[59,48709,5369],{"class":73},[59,48711,43673],{"class":3678},[20,48713,201,48714,48717],{},[15,48715,48716],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[45,48719,208,48721,211],{"id":48720},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48722,44607],{},[20,48724,48725,48727],{},[15,48726,44607],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48729,48730],{},"It:",[29,48732,48733,48736,48742,48745],{},[32,48734,48735],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[32,48737,11426,48738,2896,48740],{},[15,48739,3619],{},[15,48741,3689],{},[32,48743,48744],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[32,48746,48747,48748,1208,48750,1208,48752,1208,48754,17072,48757],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48749,3460],{},[15,48751,2209],{},[15,48753,1651],{},[15,48755,48756],{},"tuple",[15,48758,8825],{},[20,48760,48761],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48763,48764],{},"For example, you might want to:",[29,48766,48767,48770,48773],{},[32,48768,48769],{},"loop through a list",[32,48771,48772],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[32,48774,48775],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48777,48778,48779,2896,48782,358],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[354,48780,44599],{"href":48781},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[354,48783,48785],{"href":48784},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[45,48787,362],{"id":361},[20,48789,365],{},[50,48791,48793],{"className":52,"code":48792,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48794,48795],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48796,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805,48808],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48798,48678],{"class":135},[59,48800,139],{"class":73},[59,48802,42199],{"class":697},[59,48804,87],{"class":73},[59,48806,48807],{"class":142}," classinfo",[59,48809,165],{"class":73},[1127,48811,48813],{"id":48812},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[29,48815,48816,48821,48835],{},[32,48817,48818,48820],{},[15,48819,42199],{}," is the value you want to test",[32,48822,48823,48826,48827,1208,48829,1208,48831,2213,48833],{},[15,48824,48825],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48828,2209],{},[15,48830,3460],{},[15,48832,1651],{},[15,48834,8825],{},[32,48836,48837,48838,2896,48840],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48839,3619],{},[15,48841,3689],{},[20,48843,239],{},[50,48845,48847],{"className":52,"code":48846,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48848,48849,48861,48865],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48850,48851,48853,48855,48857,48859],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48852,7882],{"class":65},[59,48854,70],{"class":69},[59,48856,90],{"class":77},[59,48858,11512],{"class":81},[59,48860,3374],{"class":77},[59,48862,48863],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48864,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48866,48867,48869,48871,48873,48875,48877,48879,48881],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48868,715],{"class":135},[59,48870,139],{"class":73},[59,48872,48678],{"class":135},[59,48874,139],{"class":73},[59,48876,7676],{"class":142},[59,48878,87],{"class":73},[59,48880,48707],{"class":697},[59,48882,710],{"class":73},[20,48884,168],{},[50,48886,48887],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,48888,48889],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48890,48891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48892,3994],{"class":3867},[45,48894,11478],{"id":11477},[20,48896,48897],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1127,48899,48901],{"id":48900},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[50,48903,48905],{"className":52,"code":48904,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48906,48907,48915,48919,48937],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48908,48909,48911,48913],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48910,2464],{"class":65},[59,48912,70],{"class":69},[59,48914,45027],{"class":178},[59,48916,48917],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48918,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48920,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48922,715],{"class":135},[59,48924,139],{"class":73},[59,48926,48678],{"class":135},[59,48928,139],{"class":73},[59,48930,1217],{"class":142},[59,48932,87],{"class":73},[59,48934,45078],{"class":697},[59,48936,710],{"class":73},[59,48938,48939,48941,48943,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,48940,715],{"class":135},[59,48942,139],{"class":73},[59,48944,48678],{"class":135},[59,48946,139],{"class":73},[59,48948,1217],{"class":142},[59,48950,87],{"class":73},[59,48952,48707],{"class":697},[59,48954,710],{"class":73},[20,48956,168],{},[50,48958,48959],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,48960,48961,48965],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48962,48963],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48964,3994],{"class":3867},[59,48966,48967],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48968,4055],{"class":3867},[1127,48970,48972],{"id":48971},"check-text","Check text",[50,48974,48976],{"className":52,"code":48975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48977,48978,48990,48994,49012],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,48979,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,48981,34675],{"class":65},[59,48983,70],{"class":69},[59,48985,90],{"class":77},[59,48987,3860],{"class":81},[59,48989,3374],{"class":77},[59,48991,48992],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,48993,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,48995,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,48997,715],{"class":135},[59,48999,139],{"class":73},[59,49001,48678],{"class":135},[59,49003,139],{"class":73},[59,49005,34696],{"class":142},[59,49007,87],{"class":73},[59,49009,48707],{"class":697},[59,49011,710],{"class":73},[59,49013,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49015,715],{"class":135},[59,49017,139],{"class":73},[59,49019,48678],{"class":135},[59,49021,139],{"class":73},[59,49023,34696],{"class":142},[59,49025,87],{"class":73},[59,49027,45078],{"class":697},[59,49029,710],{"class":73},[20,49031,168],{},[50,49033,49034],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,49035,49036,49040],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49037,49038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49039,3994],{"class":3867},[59,49041,49042],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49043,4055],{"class":3867},[20,49045,49046,49047,49049],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49048,44607],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49051,49052,49053,358],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[354,49054,49055],{"href":2979},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[45,49057,49059],{"id":49058},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49061,49062],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49064,49065],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[50,49067,49069],{"className":52,"code":49068,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49070,49071,49080,49084,49108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49072,49073,49075,49077],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49074,2464],{"class":65},[59,49076,70],{"class":69},[59,49078,49079],{"class":178}," 3.5\n",[59,49081,49082],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49083,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49085,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49087,715],{"class":135},[59,49089,139],{"class":73},[59,49091,48678],{"class":135},[59,49093,139],{"class":73},[59,49095,1217],{"class":142},[59,49097,87],{"class":73},[59,49099,747],{"class":73},[59,49101,2209],{"class":697},[59,49103,87],{"class":73},[59,49105,40054],{"class":697},[59,49107,1706],{"class":73},[59,49109,49110,49112,49114,49116,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49111,715],{"class":135},[59,49113,139],{"class":73},[59,49115,48678],{"class":135},[59,49117,139],{"class":73},[59,49119,1217],{"class":142},[59,49121,87],{"class":73},[59,49123,747],{"class":73},[59,49125,3460],{"class":697},[59,49127,87],{"class":73},[59,49129,698],{"class":697},[59,49131,1706],{"class":73},[20,49133,168],{},[50,49135,49136],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,49137,49138,49142],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49139,49140],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49141,3994],{"class":3867},[59,49143,49144],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49145,4055],{"class":3867},[20,49147,49148,49149,49151],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49150,40636],{}," conditions.",[20,49153,8303],{},[50,49155,49157],{"className":52,"code":49156,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49158,49159,49167,49171],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49160,49161,49163,49165],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49162,2464],{"class":65},[59,49164,70],{"class":69},[59,49166,49079],{"class":178},[59,49168,49169],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49170,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49172,49173,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49174,715],{"class":135},[59,49176,139],{"class":73},[59,49178,3239],{"class":697},[59,49180,139],{"class":73},[59,49182,1217],{"class":142},[59,49184,3675],{"class":73},[59,49186,6414],{"class":69},[59,49188,45078],{"class":697},[59,49190,48038],{"class":120},[59,49192,49193],{"class":697}," type",[59,49195,139],{"class":73},[59,49197,1217],{"class":142},[59,49199,3675],{"class":73},[59,49201,6414],{"class":69},[59,49203,40054],{"class":697},[59,49205,165],{"class":73},[20,49207,49208],{},"you can write this:",[50,49210,49212],{"className":52,"code":49211,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49213,49214,49222,49226],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49215,49216,49218,49220],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49217,2464],{"class":65},[59,49219,70],{"class":69},[59,49221,49079],{"class":178},[59,49223,49224],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49225,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49227,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242,49244,49246,49248],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49229,715],{"class":135},[59,49231,139],{"class":73},[59,49233,48678],{"class":135},[59,49235,139],{"class":73},[59,49237,1217],{"class":142},[59,49239,87],{"class":73},[59,49241,747],{"class":73},[59,49243,2209],{"class":697},[59,49245,87],{"class":73},[59,49247,40054],{"class":697},[59,49249,1706],{"class":73},[20,49251,49252],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[45,49254,49256,10586,49258],{"id":49255},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49257,44607],{},[15,49259,2319],{},[20,49261,10591,49262,4408,49264,49268],{},[15,49263,44607],{},[354,49265,49266],{"href":2316},[15,49267,2319],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1127,49270,49272],{"id":49271},"typevalue-int",[15,49273,49274],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49276,49277],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[50,49279,49281],{"className":52,"code":49280,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49282,49283,49291],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49284,49285,49287,49289],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49286,2464],{"class":65},[59,49288,70],{"class":69},[59,49290,2605],{"class":178},[59,49292,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49294,715],{"class":135},[59,49296,139],{"class":73},[59,49298,3239],{"class":697},[59,49300,139],{"class":73},[59,49302,1217],{"class":142},[59,49304,3675],{"class":73},[59,49306,6414],{"class":69},[59,49308,45078],{"class":697},[59,49310,165],{"class":73},[1127,49312,49314],{"id":49313},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49315,49316],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49318,49319],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[50,49321,49323],{"className":52,"code":49322,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49324,49325,49333],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49326,49327,49329,49331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49328,2464],{"class":65},[59,49330,70],{"class":69},[59,49332,2605],{"class":178},[59,49334,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49336,715],{"class":135},[59,49338,139],{"class":73},[59,49340,48678],{"class":135},[59,49342,139],{"class":73},[59,49344,1217],{"class":142},[59,49346,87],{"class":73},[59,49348,45078],{"class":697},[59,49350,710],{"class":73},[20,49352,49353,49354,49356],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49355,44607],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49358,49359],{},"In everyday code:",[29,49361,49362,49367],{},[32,49363,39789,49364,49366],{},[15,49365,2319],{}," when you need the exact type",[32,49368,39789,49369,49371],{},[15,49370,44607],{}," when you want a practical type check",[45,49373,49375],{"id":49374},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49377,49378,49379,358],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49380,44607],{},[1127,49382,49384],{"id":49383},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[50,49386,49388],{"className":52,"code":49387,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49389,49390,49408,49427,49439,49444,49462,49473,49477,49489,49493,49517],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49391,49392,49394,49397,49399,49401,49403,49406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49393,34839],{"class":887},[59,49395,49396],{"class":34842}," repeat_text",[59,49398,139],{"class":73},[59,49400,34696],{"class":37460},[59,49402,87],{"class":73},[59,49404,49405],{"class":37460}," count",[59,49407,146],{"class":73},[59,49409,49410,49412,49414,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49411,6404],{"class":120},[59,49413,8104],{"class":69},[59,49415,49416],{"class":135}," isinstance",[59,49418,139],{"class":73},[59,49420,34696],{"class":142},[59,49422,87],{"class":73},[59,49424,48707],{"class":697},[59,49426,146],{"class":73},[59,49428,49429,49432,49434,49437],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49430,49431],{"class":120},"        return",[59,49433,90],{"class":77},[59,49435,49436],{"class":81},"text must be a string",[59,49438,3374],{"class":77},[59,49440,49441],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49442,49443],{"class":65},"    \n",[59,49445,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,49447,6404],{"class":120},[59,49449,8104],{"class":69},[59,49451,49416],{"class":135},[59,49453,139],{"class":73},[59,49455,41059],{"class":142},[59,49457,87],{"class":73},[59,49459,45078],{"class":697},[59,49461,146],{"class":73},[59,49463,49464,49466,49468,49471],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,49465,49431],{"class":120},[59,49467,90],{"class":77},[59,49469,49470],{"class":81},"count must be an integer",[59,49472,3374],{"class":77},[59,49474,49475],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,49476,49443],{"class":65},[59,49478,49479,49481,49484,49486],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,49480,34850],{"class":120},[59,49482,49483],{"class":65}," text ",[59,49485,39671],{"class":69},[59,49487,49488],{"class":65}," count\n",[59,49490,49491],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,49492,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49494,49495,49497,49499,49502,49504,49506,49509,49511,49513,49515],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,49496,715],{"class":135},[59,49498,139],{"class":73},[59,49500,49501],{"class":142},"repeat_text",[59,49503,139],{"class":73},[59,49505,78],{"class":77},[59,49507,49508],{"class":81},"Hi ",[59,49510,78],{"class":77},[59,49512,87],{"class":73},[59,49514,2469],{"class":178},[59,49516,710],{"class":73},[59,49518,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541],{"class":61,"line":11598},[59,49520,715],{"class":135},[59,49522,139],{"class":73},[59,49524,49501],{"class":142},[59,49526,139],{"class":73},[59,49528,78],{"class":77},[59,49530,49508],{"class":81},[59,49532,78],{"class":77},[59,49534,87],{"class":73},[59,49536,90],{"class":77},[59,49538,950],{"class":81},[59,49540,78],{"class":77},[59,49542,710],{"class":73},[20,49544,168],{},[50,49546,49548],{"className":52,"code":49547,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49549,49550,49555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49551,49552],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49553,49554],{"class":65},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[59,49556,49557],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49558,49559],{"class":65},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49561,49562],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1127,49564,49566],{"id":49565},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[50,49568,49570],{"className":52,"code":49569,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49571,49572,49604,49608,49624,49639,49656],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49573,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49575,2464],{"class":65},[59,49577,70],{"class":69},[59,49579,74],{"class":73},[59,49581,78],{"class":77},[59,49583,354],{"class":81},[59,49585,78],{"class":77},[59,49587,87],{"class":73},[59,49589,90],{"class":77},[59,49591,442],{"class":81},[59,49593,78],{"class":77},[59,49595,87],{"class":73},[59,49597,90],{"class":77},[59,49599,451],{"class":81},[59,49601,78],{"class":77},[59,49603,107],{"class":73},[59,49605,49606],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49607,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49609,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49611,7004],{"class":120},[59,49613,49416],{"class":135},[59,49615,139],{"class":73},[59,49617,1217],{"class":142},[59,49619,87],{"class":73},[59,49621,48707],{"class":697},[59,49623,146],{"class":73},[59,49625,49626,49628,49630,49632,49635,49637],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49627,152],{"class":135},[59,49629,139],{"class":73},[59,49631,78],{"class":77},[59,49633,49634],{"class":81},"This is text",[59,49636,78],{"class":77},[59,49638,165],{"class":73},[59,49640,49641,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,49642,49643],{"class":120},"elif",[59,49645,49416],{"class":135},[59,49647,139],{"class":73},[59,49649,1217],{"class":142},[59,49651,87],{"class":73},[59,49653,698],{"class":697},[59,49655,146],{"class":73},[59,49657,49658,49660,49662,49664,49667,49669],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,49659,152],{"class":135},[59,49661,139],{"class":73},[59,49663,78],{"class":77},[59,49665,49666],{"class":81},"This is a list",[59,49668,78],{"class":77},[59,49670,165],{"class":73},[20,49672,168],{},[50,49674,49676],{"className":52,"code":49675,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"This is a list\n",[15,49677,49678],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49679,49680,49683,49685,49687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49681,49682],{"class":65},"This ",[59,49684,12196],{"class":69},[59,49686,44346],{"class":65},[59,49688,49689],{"class":697},"list\n",[1127,49691,49693],{"id":49692},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[50,49695,49697],{"className":52,"code":49696,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49698,49699,49711,49715,49731,49745],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49702,2464],{"class":65},[59,49704,70],{"class":69},[59,49706,90],{"class":77},[59,49708,46328],{"class":81},[59,49710,3374],{"class":77},[59,49712,49713],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49714,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49716,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49718,7004],{"class":120},[59,49720,49416],{"class":135},[59,49722,139],{"class":73},[59,49724,1217],{"class":142},[59,49726,87],{"class":73},[59,49728,48707],{"class":697},[59,49730,146],{"class":73},[59,49732,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49734,41690],{"class":65},[59,49736,70],{"class":69},[59,49738,45078],{"class":697},[59,49740,139],{"class":73},[59,49742,1217],{"class":142},[59,49744,165],{"class":73},[59,49746,49747,49749,49751,49753],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,49748,152],{"class":135},[59,49750,139],{"class":73},[59,49752,896],{"class":142},[59,49754,165],{"class":73},[20,49756,168],{},[50,49758,49759],{"className":52,"code":46414,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,49760,49761],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49762,49763],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49764,46414],{"class":178},[20,49766,49767],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1127,49769,49771],{"id":49770},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[50,49773,49775],{"className":52,"code":49774,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49776,49777,49801,49805,49821],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49778,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49780,2464],{"class":65},[59,49782,70],{"class":69},[59,49784,10491],{"class":73},[59,49786,78],{"class":77},[59,49788,7676],{"class":81},[59,49790,78],{"class":77},[59,49792,1002],{"class":73},[59,49794,90],{"class":77},[59,49796,258],{"class":81},[59,49798,78],{"class":77},[59,49800,9309],{"class":73},[59,49802,49803],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49804,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,49806,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,49808,7004],{"class":120},[59,49810,49416],{"class":135},[59,49812,139],{"class":73},[59,49814,1217],{"class":142},[59,49816,87],{"class":73},[59,49818,9175],{"class":697},[59,49820,146],{"class":73},[59,49822,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,49824,152],{"class":135},[59,49826,139],{"class":73},[59,49828,1217],{"class":142},[59,49830,3914],{"class":73},[59,49832,78],{"class":77},[59,49834,7676],{"class":81},[59,49836,78],{"class":77},[59,49838,3902],{"class":73},[20,49840,168],{},[50,49842,49844],{"className":52,"code":49843,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana\n",[15,49845,49846],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49847,49848],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49849,49843],{"class":65},[20,49851,49852,49853,49855],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49854,3021],{}," messages later.",[45,49857,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,49859,49861,49862,999,49865],{"id":49860},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49863,49864],{},"\"int\"",[15,49866,2209],{},[20,49868,16644],{},[50,49870,49872],{"className":52,"code":49871,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49873,49874,49882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49875,49876,49878,49880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49877,2464],{"class":65},[59,49879,70],{"class":69},[59,49881,2605],{"class":178},[59,49883,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49885,715],{"class":135},[59,49887,139],{"class":73},[59,49889,48678],{"class":135},[59,49891,139],{"class":73},[59,49893,1217],{"class":142},[59,49895,87],{"class":73},[59,49897,90],{"class":77},[59,49899,2209],{"class":81},[59,49901,78],{"class":77},[59,49903,710],{"class":73},[20,49905,49906,49908],{},[15,49907,49864],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49910,16656],{},[50,49912,49913],{"className":52,"code":49322,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,49914,49915,49923],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49916,49917,49919,49921],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49918,2464],{"class":65},[59,49920,70],{"class":69},[59,49922,2605],{"class":178},[59,49924,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49926,715],{"class":135},[59,49928,139],{"class":73},[59,49930,48678],{"class":135},[59,49932,139],{"class":73},[59,49934,1217],{"class":142},[59,49936,87],{"class":73},[59,49938,45078],{"class":697},[59,49940,710],{"class":73},[1127,49942,49944],{"id":49943},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49946,16644],{},[50,49948,49950],{"className":52,"code":49949,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49951,49952,49960],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49953,49954,49956,49958],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49955,2464],{"class":65},[59,49957,70],{"class":69},[59,49959,34830],{"class":178},[59,49961,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,49963,715],{"class":135},[59,49965,139],{"class":73},[59,49967,48678],{"class":135},[59,49969,139],{"class":73},[59,49971,1217],{"class":142},[59,49973,87],{"class":73},[59,49975,74],{"class":73},[59,49977,2209],{"class":697},[59,49979,87],{"class":73},[59,49981,40054],{"class":697},[59,49983,1642],{"class":73},[20,49985,49986],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49988,16656],{},[50,49990,49992],{"className":52,"code":49991,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49993,49994,50002],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,49995,49996,49998,50000],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,49997,2464],{"class":65},[59,49999,70],{"class":69},[59,50001,34830],{"class":178},[59,50003,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50005,715],{"class":135},[59,50007,139],{"class":73},[59,50009,48678],{"class":135},[59,50011,139],{"class":73},[59,50013,1217],{"class":142},[59,50015,87],{"class":73},[59,50017,747],{"class":73},[59,50019,2209],{"class":697},[59,50021,87],{"class":73},[59,50023,40054],{"class":697},[59,50025,1706],{"class":73},[1127,50027,25764,50029,50031],{"id":50028},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50030,44607],{}," converts a value",[20,50033,18912],{},[50,50035,50037],{"className":52,"code":50036,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50038,50039,50052,50070,50074],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50040,50041,50043,50045,50047,50050],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50042,2464],{"class":65},[59,50044,70],{"class":69},[59,50046,90],{"class":77},[59,50048,50049],{"class":81},"123",[59,50051,3374],{"class":77},[59,50053,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50055,692],{"class":65},[59,50057,70],{"class":69},[59,50059,49416],{"class":135},[59,50061,139],{"class":73},[59,50063,1217],{"class":142},[59,50065,87],{"class":73},[59,50067,45078],{"class":697},[59,50069,165],{"class":73},[59,50071,50072],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50073,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50077,715],{"class":135},[59,50079,139],{"class":73},[59,50081,720],{"class":142},[59,50083,165],{"class":73},[20,50085,168],{},[50,50087,50088],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,50089,50090],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50091,50092],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50093,4055],{"class":3867},[20,50095,50096,50097,50100,50101,50103],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50098,50099],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50102,50049],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50105,50106,50107,6638],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50108,50109],{},"int(value)",[1127,50111,50113],{"id":50112},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50115,50116,50118],{},[15,50117,44607],{}," does not modify anything.",[50,50120,50122],{"className":52,"code":50121,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50123,50124,50136,50140,50158],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50125,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50127,2464],{"class":65},[59,50129,70],{"class":69},[59,50131,90],{"class":77},[59,50133,13557],{"class":81},[59,50135,3374],{"class":77},[59,50137,50138],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50139,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,50141,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50143,715],{"class":135},[59,50145,139],{"class":73},[59,50147,48678],{"class":135},[59,50149,139],{"class":73},[59,50151,1217],{"class":142},[59,50153,87],{"class":73},[59,50155,48707],{"class":697},[59,50157,710],{"class":73},[59,50159,50160,50162,50164,50166],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50161,715],{"class":135},[59,50163,139],{"class":73},[59,50165,1217],{"class":142},[59,50167,165],{"class":73},[20,50169,168],{},[50,50171,50173],{"className":52,"code":50172,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\n100\n",[15,50174,50175,50179],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50176,50177],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50178,3994],{"class":3867},[59,50180,50181],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50182,47065],{"class":178},[20,50184,50185],{},"The value stays the same.",[45,50187,25932],{"id":25931},[20,50189,50190],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[50,50192,50194],{"className":52,"code":50193,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50195,50196,50210,50228,50252],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50197,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50199,715],{"class":135},[59,50201,139],{"class":73},[59,50203,3239],{"class":697},[59,50205,139],{"class":73},[59,50207,1217],{"class":142},[59,50209,710],{"class":73},[59,50211,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50213,715],{"class":135},[59,50215,139],{"class":73},[59,50217,48678],{"class":135},[59,50219,139],{"class":73},[59,50221,1217],{"class":142},[59,50223,87],{"class":73},[59,50225,45078],{"class":697},[59,50227,710],{"class":73},[59,50229,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50231,715],{"class":135},[59,50233,139],{"class":73},[59,50235,48678],{"class":135},[59,50237,139],{"class":73},[59,50239,1217],{"class":142},[59,50241,87],{"class":73},[59,50243,747],{"class":73},[59,50245,2209],{"class":697},[59,50247,87],{"class":73},[59,50249,40054],{"class":697},[59,50251,1706],{"class":73},[59,50253,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262,50264],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50255,715],{"class":135},[59,50257,139],{"class":73},[59,50259,41579],{"class":135},[59,50261,139],{"class":73},[59,50263,1217],{"class":142},[59,50265,710],{"class":73},[20,50267,50268],{},"These can help when:",[29,50270,50271,50274,50279,50282],{},[32,50272,50273],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[32,50275,50276,50277],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50278,3021],{},[32,50280,50281],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[32,50283,50284,50285,50287],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50286,44607],{}," is invalid",[20,50289,50290],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[29,50292,50293,50307,50313,50318],{},[32,50294,50295,50296,2896,50299,50302,50303,2896,50305],{},"using ",[15,50297,50298],{},"'int'",[15,50300,50301],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50304,2209],{},[15,50306,3460],{},[32,50308,50309,50310,50312],{},"expecting ",[15,50311,44607],{}," to convert a value",[32,50314,50295,50315,50317],{},[15,50316,2319],{}," when inherited types should also match",[32,50319,50320],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50322,50323,50324,358],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[354,50325,50327,50328],{"href":50326},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50329,50330],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[45,50332,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,50334,1872,50336,1875],{"id":50335},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50337,44607],{},[20,50339,5159,50340,50342,50343,358],{},[15,50341,3619],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50344,3689],{},[1127,50346,1914,50348,50350],{"id":50347},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50349,44607],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50352,50353,50354,358],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50355,50356],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1127,50358,5190,50360,4408,50362,1905],{"id":50359},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50361,44607],{},[15,50363,2319],{},[20,50365,50366,50368,50369,50371],{},[15,50367,2319],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50370,44607],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1127,50373,1882,50375,50377],{"id":50374},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50376,44607],{}," convert a value?",[20,50379,50380],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[45,50382,1927],{"id":1926},[29,50384,50385,50391,50395,50400,50405],{},[32,50386,50387],{},[354,50388,13,50389,536],{"href":2316},[15,50390,2319],{},[32,50392,50393],{},[354,50394,44599],{"href":48781},[32,50396,50397],{},[354,50398,50399],{"href":2979},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,50401,50402],{},[354,50403,50404],{"href":48784},"What is a data type in Python?",[32,50406,50407],{},[354,50408,50327,50409],{"href":50326},[15,50410,50330],{},[1953,50412,50413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":50415},[50416,50417,50419,50422,50426,50427,50432,50438,50446,50447,50457],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":48720,"depth":110,"text":50418},"What isinstance() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":50420},[50421],{"id":48812,"depth":117,"text":48813},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478,"children":50423},[50424,50425],{"id":48900,"depth":117,"text":48901},{"id":48971,"depth":117,"text":48972},{"id":49058,"depth":110,"text":49059},{"id":49255,"depth":110,"text":50428,"children":50429},"isinstance() vs type()",[50430,50431],{"id":49271,"depth":117,"text":49274},{"id":49313,"depth":117,"text":49316},{"id":49374,"depth":110,"text":49375,"children":50433},[50434,50435,50436,50437],{"id":49383,"depth":117,"text":49384},{"id":49565,"depth":117,"text":49566},{"id":49692,"depth":117,"text":49693},{"id":49770,"depth":117,"text":49771},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":50439},[50440,50442,50443,50445],{"id":49860,"depth":117,"text":50441},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49943,"depth":117,"text":49944},{"id":50028,"depth":117,"text":50444},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50112,"depth":117,"text":50113},{"id":25931,"depth":110,"text":25932},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":50448},[50449,50451,50453,50455],{"id":50335,"depth":117,"text":50450},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50347,"depth":117,"text":50452},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50359,"depth":117,"text":50454},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50374,"depth":117,"text":50456},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48621,"description":50458},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50464,"title":50465,"body":50466,"description":52439,"extension":1988,"meta":52440,"navigation":113,"path":52441,"seo":52442,"stem":52443,"__hash__":52444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50467,"toc":52414},[50468,50471,50476,50481,50495,50498,50500,50575,50580,50584,50589,50592,50606,50608,50774,50787,50789,50791,50806,50809,50812,50825,50827,50925,50929,50935,50938,50947,50949,50984,50989,51010,51015,51020,51052,51055,51112,51116,51122,51125,51178,51180,51220,51223,51291,51294,51345,51352,51356,51362,51447,51453,51459,51508,51511,51514,51564,51566,51571,51575,51625,51629,51676,51680,51757,51761,51826,51829,51833,51838,51843,51855,51857,51876,51882,51885,51904,51909,51936,51943,51947,51953,51956,52051,52054,52057,52106,52111,52113,52117,52152,52155,52212,52222,52225,52259,52262,52264,52268,52271,52275,52278,52282,52285,52289,52302,52306,52311,52313,52363,52375,52377,52411],[10,50469,50465],{"id":50470},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50472,9127,50473,50475],{},[15,50474,42161],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50477,35394,50478,50480],{},[15,50479,42161],{}," to count:",[29,50482,50483,50486,50489,50492],{},[32,50484,50485],{},"characters in a string",[32,50487,50488],{},"items in a list or tuple",[32,50490,50491],{},"keys in a dictionary",[32,50493,50494],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50496,50497],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[45,50499,48],{"id":47},[50,50501,50503],{"className":52,"code":50502,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50504,50505,50517,50537,50541,50558],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50506,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50508,34675],{"class":65},[59,50510,70],{"class":69},[59,50512,90],{"class":77},[59,50514,3860],{"class":81},[59,50516,3374],{"class":77},[59,50518,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50520,1251],{"class":65},[59,50522,70],{"class":69},[59,50524,74],{"class":73},[59,50526,671],{"class":178},[59,50528,87],{"class":73},[59,50530,676],{"class":178},[59,50532,87],{"class":73},[59,50534,681],{"class":178},[59,50536,107],{"class":73},[59,50538,50539],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50540,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50544,715],{"class":135},[59,50546,139],{"class":73},[59,50548,11163],{"class":135},[59,50550,139],{"class":73},[59,50552,34696],{"class":142},[59,50554,5369],{"class":73},[59,50556,50557],{"class":3678},"   # 5\n",[59,50559,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,50561,715],{"class":135},[59,50563,139],{"class":73},[59,50565,11163],{"class":135},[59,50567,139],{"class":73},[59,50569,1297],{"class":142},[59,50571,5369],{"class":73},[59,50573,50574],{"class":3678},"  # 3\n",[20,50576,201,50577,50579],{},[15,50578,42161],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[45,50581,50583],{"id":50582},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50585,50586,50588],{},[15,50587,42161],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50590,50591],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[29,50593,50594,50597,50600,50603],{},[32,50595,50596],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[32,50598,50599],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[32,50601,50602],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[32,50604,50605],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50607,239],{},[50,50609,50611],{"className":52,"code":50610,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50612,50613,50625,50650,50682,50702,50706,50723,50740,50757],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50614,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50616,7882],{"class":65},[59,50618,70],{"class":69},[59,50620,90],{"class":77},[59,50622,7685],{"class":81},[59,50624,3374],{"class":77},[59,50626,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641,50643,50645,50648],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50628,664],{"class":65},[59,50630,70],{"class":69},[59,50632,74],{"class":73},[59,50634,671],{"class":178},[59,50636,87],{"class":73},[59,50638,676],{"class":178},[59,50640,87],{"class":73},[59,50642,681],{"class":178},[59,50644,87],{"class":73},[59,50646,50647],{"class":178}," 40",[59,50649,107],{"class":73},[59,50651,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50653,9170],{"class":65},[59,50655,70],{"class":69},[59,50657,10491],{"class":73},[59,50659,78],{"class":77},[59,50661,354],{"class":81},[59,50663,78],{"class":77},[59,50665,1002],{"class":73},[59,50667,5506],{"class":178},[59,50669,87],{"class":73},[59,50671,90],{"class":77},[59,50673,442],{"class":81},[59,50675,78],{"class":77},[59,50677,1002],{"class":73},[59,50679,3009],{"class":178},[59,50681,9309],{"class":73},[59,50683,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50685,3837],{"class":65},[59,50687,70],{"class":69},[59,50689,10491],{"class":73},[59,50691,2159],{"class":178},[59,50693,87],{"class":73},[59,50695,37441],{"class":178},[59,50697,87],{"class":73},[59,50699,6000],{"class":178},[59,50701,9309],{"class":73},[59,50703,50704],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,50705,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,50707,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,50709,715],{"class":135},[59,50711,139],{"class":73},[59,50713,11163],{"class":135},[59,50715,139],{"class":73},[59,50717,7676],{"class":142},[59,50719,5369],{"class":73},[59,50721,50722],{"class":3678},"     # 3\n",[59,50724,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,50726,715],{"class":135},[59,50728,139],{"class":73},[59,50730,11163],{"class":135},[59,50732,139],{"class":73},[59,50734,707],{"class":142},[59,50736,5369],{"class":73},[59,50738,50739],{"class":3678},"  # 4\n",[59,50741,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,50743,715],{"class":135},[59,50745,139],{"class":73},[59,50747,11163],{"class":135},[59,50749,139],{"class":73},[59,50751,9208],{"class":142},[59,50753,5369],{"class":73},[59,50755,50756],{"class":3678},"     # 2\n",[59,50758,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,50760,715],{"class":135},[59,50762,139],{"class":73},[59,50764,11163],{"class":135},[59,50766,139],{"class":73},[59,50768,5366],{"class":142},[59,50770,5369],{"class":73},[59,50772,50773],{"class":3678},"   # 3\n",[20,50775,50776,50777,1208,50781,17072,50785,358],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[354,50778,50780],{"href":50779},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[354,50782,50784],{"href":50783},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[354,50786,9160],{"href":9159},[45,50788,362],{"id":361},[20,50790,365],{},[50,50792,50794],{"className":52,"code":50793,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"len(object)\n",[15,50795,50796],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50797,50798,50800,50802,50804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50799,11163],{"class":135},[59,50801,139],{"class":73},[59,50803,42199],{"class":697},[59,50805,165],{"class":73},[20,50807,50808],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50810,50811],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[29,50813,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822],{},[32,50815,37705],{},[32,50817,37699],{},[32,50819,37702],{},[32,50821,37708],{},[32,50823,50824],{},"a dictionary",[20,50826,239],{},[50,50828,50830],{"className":52,"code":50829,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50831,50832,50853,50877,50899],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50833,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50835,715],{"class":135},[59,50837,139],{"class":73},[59,50839,11163],{"class":135},[59,50841,139],{"class":73},[59,50843,78],{"class":77},[59,50845,54],{"class":81},[59,50847,78],{"class":77},[59,50849,5369],{"class":73},[59,50851,50852],{"class":3678},"      # 6\n",[59,50854,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50856,715],{"class":135},[59,50858,139],{"class":73},[59,50860,11163],{"class":135},[59,50862,1629],{"class":73},[59,50864,187],{"class":178},[59,50866,87],{"class":73},[59,50868,3009],{"class":178},[59,50870,87],{"class":73},[59,50872,2469],{"class":178},[59,50874,4752],{"class":73},[59,50876,50722],{"class":3678},[59,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50896],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,50880,715],{"class":135},[59,50882,139],{"class":73},[59,50884,11163],{"class":135},[59,50886,5519],{"class":73},[59,50888,671],{"class":178},[59,50890,87],{"class":73},[59,50892,676],{"class":178},[59,50894,50895],{"class":73},")))",[59,50897,50898],{"class":3678},"      # 2\n",[59,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50922],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,50902,715],{"class":135},[59,50904,139],{"class":73},[59,50906,11163],{"class":135},[59,50908,5538],{"class":73},[59,50910,78],{"class":77},[59,50912,1260],{"class":81},[59,50914,78],{"class":77},[59,50916,1002],{"class":73},[59,50918,5506],{"class":178},[59,50920,50921],{"class":73},"}))",[59,50923,50924],{"class":3678},"      # 1\n",[45,50926,50928],{"id":50927},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50930,50931,50932,50934],{},"When you use ",[15,50933,42161],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50936,50937],{},"That includes:",[29,50939,50940,50942,50944],{},[32,50941,480],{},[32,50943,10452],{},[32,50945,50946],{},"punctuation",[20,50948,239],{},[50,50950,50952],{"className":52,"code":50951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50953,50954,50967],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,50955,50956,50958,50960,50962,50965],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,50957,34675],{"class":65},[59,50959,70],{"class":69},[59,50961,90],{"class":77},[59,50963,50964],{"class":81},"Hi there!",[59,50966,3374],{"class":77},[59,50968,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,50970,715],{"class":135},[59,50972,139],{"class":73},[59,50974,11163],{"class":135},[59,50976,139],{"class":73},[59,50978,34696],{"class":142},[59,50980,5369],{"class":73},[59,50982,50983],{"class":3678},"  # 9\n",[20,50985,50986,50987,1905],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50988,2167],{},[29,50990,50991,50997,51001,51004],{},[32,50992,50993,50996],{},[15,50994,50995],{},"H"," = 1",[32,50998,50999,50996],{},[15,51000,491],{},[32,51002,51003],{},"space = 1",[32,51005,51006,51009],{},[15,51007,51008],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51011,51012,51013],{},"Total: ",[15,51014,2167],{},[20,51016,51017,51018,1002],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51019,179],{},[50,51021,51023],{"className":52,"code":51022,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51024,51025,51034],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51026,51027,51030,51032],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51028,51029],{"class":65},"empty_text ",[59,51031,70],{"class":69},[59,51033,7887],{"class":77},[59,51035,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51047,51049],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51037,715],{"class":135},[59,51039,139],{"class":73},[59,51041,11163],{"class":135},[59,51043,139],{"class":73},[59,51045,51046],{"class":142},"empty_text",[59,51048,5369],{"class":73},[59,51050,51051],{"class":3678},"  # 0\n",[20,51053,51054],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[50,51056,51058],{"className":52,"code":51057,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51059,51060,51073,51077,51097],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51061,51062,51065,51067,51069,51071],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51063,51064],{"class":65},"user_name ",[59,51066,70],{"class":69},[59,51068,90],{"class":77},[59,51070,5018],{"class":81},[59,51072,3374],{"class":77},[59,51074,51075],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51076,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51088,51090,51093,51095],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51080,7004],{"class":120},[59,51082,38184],{"class":135},[59,51084,139],{"class":73},[59,51086,51087],{"class":142},"user_name",[59,51089,3675],{"class":73},[59,51091,51092],{"class":69}," >=",[59,51094,2469],{"class":178},[59,51096,1561],{"class":73},[59,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51108,51110],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51100,152],{"class":135},[59,51102,139],{"class":73},[59,51104,78],{"class":77},[59,51106,51107],{"class":81},"Name is long enough",[59,51109,78],{"class":77},[59,51111,165],{"class":73},[45,51113,51115],{"id":51114},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51117,51118,51119,51121],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51120,42161],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51123,51124],{},"Example with a list:",[50,51126,51128],{"className":52,"code":51127,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51129,51130,51162],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51131,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51133,66],{"class":65},[59,51135,70],{"class":69},[59,51137,74],{"class":73},[59,51139,78],{"class":77},[59,51141,82],{"class":81},[59,51143,78],{"class":77},[59,51145,87],{"class":73},[59,51147,90],{"class":77},[59,51149,93],{"class":81},[59,51151,78],{"class":77},[59,51153,87],{"class":73},[59,51155,90],{"class":77},[59,51157,102],{"class":81},[59,51159,78],{"class":77},[59,51161,107],{"class":73},[59,51163,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51165,715],{"class":135},[59,51167,139],{"class":73},[59,51169,11163],{"class":135},[59,51171,139],{"class":73},[59,51173,143],{"class":142},[59,51175,5369],{"class":73},[59,51177,50574],{"class":3678},[20,51179,37714],{},[50,51181,51183],{"className":52,"code":51182,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51184,51185,51202],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51186,51187,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51188,51189],{"class":65},"point ",[59,51191,70],{"class":69},[59,51193,747],{"class":73},[59,51195,671],{"class":178},[59,51197,87],{"class":73},[59,51199,676],{"class":178},[59,51201,165],{"class":73},[59,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51215,51217],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51205,715],{"class":135},[59,51207,139],{"class":73},[59,51209,11163],{"class":135},[59,51211,139],{"class":73},[59,51213,51214],{"class":142},"point",[59,51216,5369],{"class":73},[59,51218,51219],{"class":3678},"  # 2\n",[20,51221,51222],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[50,51224,51226],{"className":52,"code":51225,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51227,51228,51252,51256,51274],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51231,1251],{"class":65},[59,51233,70],{"class":69},[59,51235,74],{"class":73},[59,51237,78],{"class":77},[59,51239,588],{"class":81},[59,51241,78],{"class":77},[59,51243,87],{"class":73},[59,51245,90],{"class":77},[59,51247,597],{"class":81},[59,51249,78],{"class":77},[59,51251,107],{"class":73},[59,51253,51254],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51255,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51257,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51259,7004],{"class":120},[59,51261,38184],{"class":135},[59,51263,139],{"class":73},[59,51265,1297],{"class":142},[59,51267,3675],{"class":73},[59,51269,38194],{"class":69},[59,51271,5506],{"class":178},[59,51273,1561],{"class":73},[59,51275,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51277,152],{"class":135},[59,51279,139],{"class":73},[59,51281,1297],{"class":142},[59,51283,3914],{"class":73},[59,51285,187],{"class":178},[59,51287,20445],{"class":73},[59,51289,51290],{"class":3678},"  # banana\n",[20,51292,51293],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[50,51295,51297],{"className":52,"code":51296,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51298,51299,51322],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51310,51312,51315,51317,51320],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51302,5077],{"class":65},[59,51304,70],{"class":69},[59,51306,74],{"class":73},[59,51308,51309],{"class":178},"88",[59,51311,87],{"class":73},[59,51313,51314],{"class":178}," 91",[59,51316,87],{"class":73},[59,51318,51319],{"class":178}," 75",[59,51321,107],{"class":73},[59,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51325,715],{"class":135},[59,51327,139],{"class":73},[59,51329,78],{"class":77},[59,51331,51332],{"class":81},"Number of scores:",[59,51334,78],{"class":77},[59,51336,87],{"class":73},[59,51338,38184],{"class":135},[59,51340,139],{"class":73},[59,51342,16389],{"class":142},[59,51344,710],{"class":73},[20,51346,51347,51348,358],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[354,51349,51351],{"href":51350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[45,51353,51355],{"id":51354},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51357,51358,51359,51361],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51360,42161],{}," counts keys.",[50,51363,51365],{"className":52,"code":51364,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51366,51367,51375,51393,51407,51423,51427,51431],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51368,51369,51371,51373],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51370,12866],{"class":65},[59,51372,70],{"class":69},[59,51374,11496],{"class":73},[59,51376,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51378,11501],{"class":77},[59,51380,7676],{"class":81},[59,51382,78],{"class":77},[59,51384,1002],{"class":73},[59,51386,90],{"class":77},[59,51388,7927],{"class":81},[59,51390,78],{"class":77},[59,51392,11517],{"class":73},[59,51394,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51396,11501],{"class":77},[59,51398,9299],{"class":81},[59,51400,78],{"class":77},[59,51402,1002],{"class":73},[59,51404,30931],{"class":178},[59,51406,11517],{"class":73},[59,51408,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51410,11501],{"class":77},[59,51412,19890],{"class":81},[59,51414,78],{"class":77},[59,51416,1002],{"class":73},[59,51418,90],{"class":77},[59,51420,22242],{"class":81},[59,51422,3374],{"class":77},[59,51424,51425],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,51426,9309],{"class":73},[59,51428,51429],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,51430,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51432,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,51434,715],{"class":135},[59,51436,139],{"class":73},[59,51438,11163],{"class":135},[59,51440,139],{"class":73},[59,51442,13625],{"class":142},[59,51444,5369],{"class":73},[59,51446,50574],{"class":3678},[20,51448,51449,51450,51452],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51451,42161],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51454,51455,51456,51458],{},"For sets, ",[15,51457,42161],{}," counts unique items:",[50,51460,51462],{"className":52,"code":51461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51463,51464,51492],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51465,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51467,664],{"class":65},[59,51469,70],{"class":69},[59,51471,10491],{"class":73},[59,51473,187],{"class":178},[59,51475,87],{"class":73},[59,51477,3009],{"class":178},[59,51479,87],{"class":73},[59,51481,2469],{"class":178},[59,51483,87],{"class":73},[59,51485,2469],{"class":178},[59,51487,87],{"class":73},[59,51489,3009],{"class":178},[59,51491,9309],{"class":73},[59,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51495,715],{"class":135},[59,51497,139],{"class":73},[59,51499,11163],{"class":135},[59,51501,139],{"class":73},[59,51503,707],{"class":142},[59,51505,5369],{"class":73},[59,51507,50574],{"class":3678},[20,51509,51510],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51512,51513],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[50,51515,51517],{"className":52,"code":51516,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51518,51519,51527,51531,51549],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51520,51521,51523,51525],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51522,9170],{"class":65},[59,51524,70],{"class":69},[59,51526,9838],{"class":73},[59,51528,51529],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51530,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51532,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51534,7004],{"class":120},[59,51536,38184],{"class":135},[59,51538,139],{"class":73},[59,51540,9208],{"class":142},[59,51542,3675],{"class":73},[59,51544,6414],{"class":69},[59,51546,3848],{"class":178},[59,51548,1561],{"class":73},[59,51550,51551,51553,51555,51557,51560,51562],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51552,152],{"class":135},[59,51554,139],{"class":73},[59,51556,78],{"class":77},[59,51558,51559],{"class":81},"The dictionary is empty",[59,51561,78],{"class":77},[59,51563,165],{"class":73},[45,51565,40845],{"id":40844},[20,51567,51568,51569,358],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51570,42161],{},[1127,51572,51574],{"id":51573},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[50,51576,51578],{"className":52,"code":51577,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51579,51580,51588,51592,51610],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51581,51582,51584,51586],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51583,1251],{"class":65},[59,51585,70],{"class":69},[59,51587,7844],{"class":73},[59,51589,51590],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51591,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51593,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51595,7004],{"class":120},[59,51597,38184],{"class":135},[59,51599,139],{"class":73},[59,51601,1297],{"class":142},[59,51603,3675],{"class":73},[59,51605,6414],{"class":69},[59,51607,3848],{"class":178},[59,51609,1561],{"class":73},[59,51611,51612,51614,51616,51618,51621,51623],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51613,152],{"class":135},[59,51615,139],{"class":73},[59,51617,78],{"class":77},[59,51619,51620],{"class":81},"The list is empty",[59,51622,78],{"class":77},[59,51624,165],{"class":73},[1127,51626,51628],{"id":51627},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[50,51630,51632],{"className":52,"code":51631,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51633,51634,51653],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51635,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51649,51651],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51637,6160],{"class":65},[59,51639,70],{"class":69},[59,51641,8247],{"class":135},[59,51643,139],{"class":73},[59,51645,78],{"class":77},[59,51647,51648],{"class":81},"Enter a word: ",[59,51650,78],{"class":77},[59,51652,165],{"class":73},[59,51654,51655,51657,51659,51661,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51656,715],{"class":135},[59,51658,139],{"class":73},[59,51660,78],{"class":77},[59,51662,51663],{"class":81},"Number of characters:",[59,51665,78],{"class":77},[59,51667,87],{"class":73},[59,51669,38184],{"class":135},[59,51671,139],{"class":73},[59,51673,38189],{"class":142},[59,51675,710],{"class":73},[1127,51677,51679],{"id":51678},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[50,51681,51683],{"className":52,"code":51682,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51684,51685,51699,51703,51721,51736,51742],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51686,51687,51690,51692,51694,51697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51688,51689],{"class":65},"password ",[59,51691,70],{"class":69},[59,51693,90],{"class":77},[59,51695,51696],{"class":81},"secret123",[59,51698,3374],{"class":77},[59,51700,51701],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51702,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51704,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51706,7004],{"class":120},[59,51708,38184],{"class":135},[59,51710,139],{"class":73},[59,51712,17620],{"class":142},[59,51714,3675],{"class":73},[59,51716,51092],{"class":69},[59,51718,6366],{"class":178},[59,51720,1561],{"class":73},[59,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51732,51734],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51724,152],{"class":135},[59,51726,139],{"class":73},[59,51728,78],{"class":77},[59,51730,51731],{"class":81},"Password length is valid",[59,51733,78],{"class":77},[59,51735,165],{"class":73},[59,51737,51738,51740],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,51739,27424],{"class":120},[59,51741,1561],{"class":73},[59,51743,51744,51746,51748,51750,51753,51755],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,51745,152],{"class":135},[59,51747,139],{"class":73},[59,51749,78],{"class":77},[59,51751,51752],{"class":81},"Password is too short",[59,51754,78],{"class":77},[59,51756,165],{"class":73},[1127,51758,51760],{"id":51759},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[50,51762,51764],{"className":52,"code":51763,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51765,51766,51802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51767,51768,51771,51773,51775,51777,51780,51782,51784,51786,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798,51800],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51769,51770],{"class":65},"results ",[59,51772,70],{"class":69},[59,51774,74],{"class":73},[59,51776,78],{"class":77},[59,51778,51779],{"class":81},"item1",[59,51781,78],{"class":77},[59,51783,87],{"class":73},[59,51785,90],{"class":77},[59,51787,51788],{"class":81},"item2",[59,51790,78],{"class":77},[59,51792,87],{"class":73},[59,51794,90],{"class":77},[59,51796,51797],{"class":81},"item3",[59,51799,78],{"class":77},[59,51801,107],{"class":73},[59,51803,51804,51806,51808,51810,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51824],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51805,715],{"class":135},[59,51807,139],{"class":73},[59,51809,78],{"class":77},[59,51811,51812],{"class":81},"Items found:",[59,51814,78],{"class":77},[59,51816,87],{"class":73},[59,51818,38184],{"class":135},[59,51820,139],{"class":73},[59,51822,51823],{"class":142},"results",[59,51825,710],{"class":73},[20,51827,51828],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[45,51830,51832],{"id":51831},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51834,51835,51837],{},[15,51836,42161],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51839,51840,51841,1002],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51842,3021],{},[29,51844,51845,51848,51851],{},[32,51846,51847],{},"plain integers",[32,51849,51850],{},"floats",[32,51852,51853],{},[15,51854,3792],{},[20,51856,239],{},[50,51858,51860],{"className":52,"code":51859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51861,51862],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51863,51864,51866,51868,51870,51872,51874],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51865,715],{"class":135},[59,51867,139],{"class":73},[59,51869,11163],{"class":135},[59,51871,139],{"class":73},[59,51873,2159],{"class":178},[59,51875,710],{"class":73},[20,51877,51878,51879,51881],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51880,2159],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51883,51884],{},"Another example:",[50,51886,51888],{"className":52,"code":51887,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51889,51890],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51893,715],{"class":135},[59,51895,139],{"class":73},[59,51897,11163],{"class":135},[59,51899,139],{"class":73},[59,51901,39942],{"class":178},[59,51903,710],{"class":73},[20,51905,51906,51907,1002],{},"And with ",[15,51908,3792],{},[50,51910,51912],{"className":52,"code":51911,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51913,51914,51922],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51915,51916,51918,51920],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51917,2464],{"class":65},[59,51919,70],{"class":69},[59,51921,48330],{"class":3867},[59,51923,51924,51926,51928,51930,51932,51934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51925,715],{"class":135},[59,51927,139],{"class":73},[59,51929,11163],{"class":135},[59,51931,139],{"class":73},[59,51933,1217],{"class":142},[59,51935,710],{"class":73},[20,51937,51938,51939,358],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[354,51940,51942],{"href":51941},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[45,51944,51946],{"id":51945},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51948,51949,51950,51952],{},"Before using ",[15,51951,42161],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51954,51955],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[50,51957,51959],{"className":52,"code":51958,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51960,51961,51969,51973,51983,51997,52015,52033],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,51962,51963,51965,51967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,51964,2464],{"class":65},[59,51966,70],{"class":69},[59,51968,48330],{"class":3867},[59,51970,51971],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,51972,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,51974,51975,51977,51979,51981],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,51976,715],{"class":135},[59,51978,139],{"class":73},[59,51980,1217],{"class":142},[59,51982,165],{"class":73},[59,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,51986,715],{"class":135},[59,51988,139],{"class":73},[59,51990,3239],{"class":697},[59,51992,139],{"class":73},[59,51994,1217],{"class":142},[59,51996,710],{"class":73},[59,51998,51999,52001,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,52000,715],{"class":135},[59,52002,139],{"class":73},[59,52004,48678],{"class":135},[59,52006,139],{"class":73},[59,52008,1217],{"class":142},[59,52010,87],{"class":73},[59,52012,48707],{"class":697},[59,52014,710],{"class":73},[59,52016,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,52018,715],{"class":135},[59,52020,139],{"class":73},[59,52022,48678],{"class":135},[59,52024,139],{"class":73},[59,52026,1217],{"class":142},[59,52028,87],{"class":73},[59,52030,698],{"class":697},[59,52032,710],{"class":73},[59,52034,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,52036,715],{"class":135},[59,52038,139],{"class":73},[59,52040,48678],{"class":135},[59,52042,139],{"class":73},[59,52044,1217],{"class":142},[59,52046,87],{"class":73},[59,52048,9175],{"class":697},[59,52050,710],{"class":73},[20,52052,52053],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52055,52056],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[50,52058,52060],{"className":52,"code":52059,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52061,52062,52074,52078,52092],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52063,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52065,2464],{"class":65},[59,52067,70],{"class":69},[59,52069,90],{"class":77},[59,52071,3860],{"class":81},[59,52073,3374],{"class":77},[59,52075,52076],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52077,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52079,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52081,7004],{"class":120},[59,52083,1173],{"class":65},[59,52085,12196],{"class":69},[59,52087,8104],{"class":69},[59,52089,3868],{"class":3867},[59,52091,1561],{"class":73},[59,52093,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52095,152],{"class":135},[59,52097,139],{"class":73},[59,52099,11163],{"class":135},[59,52101,139],{"class":73},[59,52103,1217],{"class":142},[59,52105,710],{"class":73},[20,52107,52108,52109,358],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[354,52110,8445],{"href":2316},[45,52112,1579],{"id":1578},[20,52114,23089,52115,1002],{},[15,52116,42161],{},[29,52118,52119,52127,52135,52143,52149],{},[32,52120,1599,52121,52123,52124],{},[15,52122,42161],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52125,52126],{},"len(5)",[32,52128,1599,52129,52131,52132],{},[15,52130,42161],{}," on a float like ",[15,52133,52134],{},"len(3.14)",[32,52136,1599,52137,52139,52140,52142],{},[15,52138,42161],{}," on ",[15,52141,3792],{}," after a function returns nothing",[32,52144,4595,52145,52148],{},[15,52146,52147],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[32,52150,52151],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52153,52154],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[50,52156,52158],{"className":52,"code":52157,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52159,52160,52196],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52163,13203],{"class":65},[59,52165,70],{"class":69},[59,52167,10491],{"class":73},[59,52169,78],{"class":77},[59,52171,7676],{"class":81},[59,52173,78],{"class":77},[59,52175,1002],{"class":73},[59,52177,90],{"class":77},[59,52179,258],{"class":81},[59,52181,78],{"class":77},[59,52183,87],{"class":73},[59,52185,90],{"class":77},[59,52187,9299],{"class":81},[59,52189,78],{"class":77},[59,52191,1002],{"class":73},[59,52193,676],{"class":178},[59,52195,9309],{"class":73},[59,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52199,715],{"class":135},[59,52201,139],{"class":73},[59,52203,11163],{"class":135},[59,52205,139],{"class":73},[59,52207,17307],{"class":142},[59,52209,5369],{"class":73},[59,52211,51219],{"class":3678},[20,52213,37392,52214,52216,52217,4408,52219,358],{},[15,52215,195],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52218,15240],{},[15,52220,52221],{},"\"age\"",[20,52223,52224],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[50,52226,52228],{"className":52,"code":52227,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52229,52230,52243],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238,52241],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52233,34675],{"class":65},[59,52235,70],{"class":69},[59,52237,90],{"class":77},[59,52239,52240],{"class":81},"a b",[59,52242,3374],{"class":77},[59,52244,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255,52257],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52246,715],{"class":135},[59,52248,139],{"class":73},[59,52250,11163],{"class":135},[59,52252,139],{"class":73},[59,52254,34696],{"class":142},[59,52256,5369],{"class":73},[59,52258,50574],{"class":3678},[20,52260,52261],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[45,52263,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,52265,52267],{"id":52266},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52269,52270],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1127,52272,52274],{"id":52273},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52276,52277],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1127,52279,52281],{"id":52280},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52283,52284],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1127,52286,52288],{"id":52287},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52290,52291,52292,52294,52295,2896,52297,52299,52300,358],{},"No. Using ",[15,52293,42161],{}," on an ",[15,52296,2209],{},[15,52298,2212],{}," raises a ",[15,52301,3021],{},[1127,52303,52305],{"id":52304},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52307,7771,52308,358],{},[15,52309,52310],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52312,239],{},[50,52314,52316],{"className":52,"code":52315,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52317,52318,52326,52330,52348],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52319,52320,52322,52324],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52321,8313],{"class":65},[59,52323,70],{"class":69},[59,52325,7844],{"class":73},[59,52327,52328],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52329,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52331,52332,52334,52336,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52333,7004],{"class":120},[59,52335,38184],{"class":135},[59,52337,139],{"class":73},[59,52339,8344],{"class":142},[59,52341,3675],{"class":73},[59,52343,6414],{"class":69},[59,52345,3848],{"class":178},[59,52347,1561],{"class":73},[59,52349,52350,52352,52354,52356,52359,52361],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52351,152],{"class":135},[59,52353,139],{"class":73},[59,52355,78],{"class":77},[59,52357,52358],{"class":81},"Empty list",[59,52360,78],{"class":77},[59,52362,165],{"class":73},[20,52364,52365,52366,52368,52369,52371,52372,52374],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52367,3689],{}," in an ",[15,52370,7004],{}," statement, but ",[15,52373,42161],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[45,52376,1927],{"id":1926},[29,52378,52379,52383,52387,52391,52396,52400,52406],{},[32,52380,52381],{},[354,52382,50780],{"href":50779},[32,52384,52385],{},[354,52386,50784],{"href":50783},[32,52388,52389],{},[354,52390,9160],{"href":9159},[32,52392,52393],{},[354,52394,52395],{"href":51350},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[32,52397,52398],{},[354,52399,8445],{"href":2316},[32,52401,52402],{},[354,52403,52405],{"href":52404},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[32,52407,52408],{},[354,52409,52410],{"href":51941},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1953,52412,52413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":52415},[52416,52417,52418,52419,52420,52421,52422,52428,52429,52430,52431,52438],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":50582,"depth":110,"text":50583},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":50927,"depth":110,"text":50928},{"id":51114,"depth":110,"text":51115},{"id":51354,"depth":110,"text":51355},{"id":40844,"depth":110,"text":40845,"children":52423},[52424,52425,52426,52427],{"id":51573,"depth":117,"text":51574},{"id":51627,"depth":117,"text":51628},{"id":51678,"depth":117,"text":51679},{"id":51759,"depth":117,"text":51760},{"id":51831,"depth":110,"text":51832},{"id":51945,"depth":110,"text":51946},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":52432},[52433,52434,52435,52436,52437],{"id":52266,"depth":117,"text":52267},{"id":52273,"depth":117,"text":52274},{"id":52280,"depth":117,"text":52281},{"id":52287,"depth":117,"text":52288},{"id":52304,"depth":117,"text":52305},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50465,"description":52439},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52446,"title":52447,"body":52448,"description":54133,"extension":1988,"meta":54134,"navigation":113,"path":54135,"seo":54136,"stem":54137,"__hash__":54138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52449,"toc":54106},[52450,52453,52467,52473,52475,52529,52534,52538,52554,52557,52571,52577,52579,52582,52601,52617,52619,52695,52697,52734,52745,52747,52750,52811,52813,52846,52849,52855,52859,52862,52987,52989,53048,53056,53109,53111,53138,53144,53154,53158,53161,53166,53218,53220,53246,53252,53306,53308,53333,53336,53360,53366,53368,53372,53374,53431,53433,53441,53443,53465,53467,53520,53522,53546,53550,53552,53591,53593,53601,53607,53611,53663,53665,53691,53699,53703,53708,53717,53719,53785,53787,53819,53823,53828,53830,53844,53847,53920,53922,53948,53950,53954,53961,53965,53972,53976,53979,53981,54034,54036,54062,54066,54075,54077,54103],[10,52451,52447],{"id":52452},"python-list-append-method",[20,52454,2005,52455,52458,52459,52462,52463,52466],{},[15,52456,52457],{},"append()"," method adds ",[549,52460,52461],{},"one item"," to the ",[549,52464,52465],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52468,52469,52470,52472],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[549,52471,4647],{}," create a new list.",[45,52474,3624],{"id":3623},[50,52476,52478],{"className":52,"code":52477,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52479,52480,52500,52514,52524],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52481,52482,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52483,664],{"class":65},[59,52485,70],{"class":69},[59,52487,74],{"class":73},[59,52489,187],{"class":178},[59,52491,87],{"class":73},[59,52493,3009],{"class":178},[59,52495,87],{"class":73},[59,52497,2469],{"class":178},[59,52499,107],{"class":73},[59,52501,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52503,707],{"class":65},[59,52505,358],{"class":73},[59,52507,13552],{"class":142},[59,52509,139],{"class":73},[59,52511,2522],{"class":178},[59,52513,165],{"class":73},[59,52515,52516,52518,52520,52522],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52517,715],{"class":135},[59,52519,139],{"class":73},[59,52521,707],{"class":142},[59,52523,165],{"class":73},[59,52525,52526],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52527,52528],{"class":3678},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52530,201,52531,52533],{},[15,52532,52457],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[45,52535,52537],{"id":52536},"what-append-does","What append() does",[29,52539,52540,52545,52548,52551],{},[32,52541,52542,52544],{},[15,52543,52457],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[32,52546,52547],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[32,52549,52550],{},"It does not create a new list",[32,52552,52553],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52555,52556],{},"This means you can append:",[29,52558,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569],{},[32,52560,707],{},[32,52562,230],{},[32,52564,40393],{},[32,52566,224],{},[32,52568,7258],{},[32,52570,34649],{},[20,52572,52573,52574,358],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[354,52575,52576],{"href":50783},"Python lists explained for beginners",[45,52578,5439],{"id":5438},[20,52580,52581],{},"Basic form:",[50,52583,52585],{"className":52,"code":52584,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52586,52587],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52588,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52590,8344],{"class":65},[59,52592,358],{"class":73},[59,52594,13552],{"class":142},[59,52596,139],{"class":73},[59,52598,23304],{"class":142},[59,52600,165],{"class":73},[29,52602,52603,52608,52613],{},[32,52604,52605,52607],{},[15,52606,8344],{}," is the list you want to change",[32,52609,52610,52612],{},[15,52611,23304],{}," is the value or object to add",[32,52614,11913,52615],{},[15,52616,3792],{},[20,52618,239],{},[50,52620,52622],{"className":52,"code":52621,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52623,52624,52648,52671,52675,52685],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52625,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52627,579],{"class":65},[59,52629,70],{"class":69},[59,52631,74],{"class":73},[59,52633,78],{"class":77},[59,52635,588],{"class":81},[59,52637,78],{"class":77},[59,52639,87],{"class":73},[59,52641,90],{"class":77},[59,52643,597],{"class":81},[59,52645,78],{"class":77},[59,52647,107],{"class":73},[59,52649,52650,52652,52654,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52651,692],{"class":65},[59,52653,70],{"class":69},[59,52655,52656],{"class":65}," fruits",[59,52658,358],{"class":73},[59,52660,13552],{"class":142},[59,52662,139],{"class":73},[59,52664,78],{"class":77},[59,52666,606],{"class":81},[59,52668,78],{"class":77},[59,52670,165],{"class":73},[59,52672,52673],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52674,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52676,52677,52679,52681,52683],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52678,715],{"class":135},[59,52680,139],{"class":73},[59,52682,634],{"class":142},[59,52684,165],{"class":73},[59,52686,52687,52689,52691,52693],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,52688,715],{"class":135},[59,52690,139],{"class":73},[59,52692,720],{"class":142},[59,52694,165],{"class":73},[20,52696,168],{},[50,52698,52700],{"className":52,"code":52699,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52701,52702,52730],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52703,52704,52706,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52705,3914],{"class":73},[59,52707,1725],{"class":77},[59,52709,588],{"class":81},[59,52711,1725],{"class":77},[59,52713,87],{"class":73},[59,52715,1734],{"class":77},[59,52717,597],{"class":81},[59,52719,1725],{"class":77},[59,52721,87],{"class":73},[59,52723,1734],{"class":77},[59,52725,606],{"class":81},[59,52727,1725],{"class":77},[59,52729,107],{"class":73},[59,52731,52732],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52733,11810],{"class":3867},[20,52735,52736,52737,52739,52740,52742,52743,358],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52738,52457],{}," updates ",[15,52741,634],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52744,3792],{},[45,52746,11478],{"id":11477},[20,52748,52749],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[50,52751,52753],{"className":52,"code":52752,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52754,52755,52779,52797,52801],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52756,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52758,66],{"class":65},[59,52760,70],{"class":69},[59,52762,74],{"class":73},[59,52764,78],{"class":77},[59,52766,82],{"class":81},[59,52768,78],{"class":77},[59,52770,87],{"class":73},[59,52772,90],{"class":77},[59,52774,102],{"class":81},[59,52776,78],{"class":77},[59,52778,107],{"class":73},[59,52780,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52782,143],{"class":65},[59,52784,358],{"class":73},[59,52786,13552],{"class":142},[59,52788,139],{"class":73},[59,52790,78],{"class":77},[59,52792,93],{"class":81},[59,52794,78],{"class":77},[59,52796,165],{"class":73},[59,52798,52799],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52800,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52802,52803,52805,52807,52809],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52804,715],{"class":135},[59,52806,139],{"class":73},[59,52808,143],{"class":142},[59,52810,165],{"class":73},[20,52812,168],{},[50,52814,52816],{"className":52,"code":52815,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52817,52818],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52819,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52821,3914],{"class":73},[59,52823,1725],{"class":77},[59,52825,82],{"class":81},[59,52827,1725],{"class":77},[59,52829,87],{"class":73},[59,52831,1734],{"class":77},[59,52833,102],{"class":81},[59,52835,1725],{"class":77},[59,52837,87],{"class":73},[59,52839,1734],{"class":77},[59,52841,93],{"class":81},[59,52843,1725],{"class":77},[59,52845,107],{"class":73},[20,52847,52848],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52850,31071,52851,358],{},[354,52852,52854],{"href":52853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[45,52856,52858],{"id":52857},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52860,52861],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[50,52863,52865],{"className":52,"code":52864,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52866,52867,52875,52879,52893,52911,52925,52951,52973,52977],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52868,52869,52871,52873],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52870,1251],{"class":65},[59,52872,70],{"class":69},[59,52874,7844],{"class":73},[59,52876,52877],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,52878,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52880,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889,52891],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,52882,1297],{"class":65},[59,52884,358],{"class":73},[59,52886,13552],{"class":142},[59,52888,139],{"class":73},[59,52890,671],{"class":178},[59,52892,165],{"class":73},[59,52894,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,52896,1297],{"class":65},[59,52898,358],{"class":73},[59,52900,13552],{"class":142},[59,52902,139],{"class":73},[59,52904,78],{"class":77},[59,52906,3860],{"class":81},[59,52908,78],{"class":77},[59,52910,165],{"class":73},[59,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,52914,1297],{"class":65},[59,52916,358],{"class":73},[59,52918,13552],{"class":142},[59,52920,139],{"class":73},[59,52922,3619],{"class":3867},[59,52924,165],{"class":73},[59,52926,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,52928,1297],{"class":65},[59,52930,358],{"class":73},[59,52932,13552],{"class":142},[59,52934,5538],{"class":73},[59,52936,78],{"class":77},[59,52938,7676],{"class":81},[59,52940,78],{"class":77},[59,52942,1002],{"class":73},[59,52944,90],{"class":77},[59,52946,7685],{"class":81},[59,52948,78],{"class":77},[59,52950,30484],{"class":73},[59,52952,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,52954,1297],{"class":65},[59,52956,358],{"class":73},[59,52958,13552],{"class":142},[59,52960,1629],{"class":73},[59,52962,187],{"class":178},[59,52964,87],{"class":73},[59,52966,3009],{"class":178},[59,52968,87],{"class":73},[59,52970,2469],{"class":178},[59,52972,3902],{"class":73},[59,52974,52975],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,52976,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,52978,52979,52981,52983,52985],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,52980,715],{"class":135},[59,52982,139],{"class":73},[59,52984,1297],{"class":142},[59,52986,165],{"class":73},[20,52988,168],{},[50,52990,52992],{"className":52,"code":52991,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52993,52994],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,52995,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,52997,3914],{"class":73},[59,52999,671],{"class":178},[59,53001,87],{"class":73},[59,53003,1734],{"class":77},[59,53005,3860],{"class":81},[59,53007,1725],{"class":77},[59,53009,87],{"class":73},[59,53011,3930],{"class":3867},[59,53013,87],{"class":73},[59,53015,10491],{"class":73},[59,53017,1725],{"class":77},[59,53019,7676],{"class":81},[59,53021,1725],{"class":77},[59,53023,1002],{"class":73},[59,53025,1734],{"class":77},[59,53027,7685],{"class":81},[59,53029,1725],{"class":77},[59,53031,53032],{"class":73},"},",[59,53034,74],{"class":73},[59,53036,187],{"class":178},[59,53038,87],{"class":73},[59,53040,3009],{"class":178},[59,53042,87],{"class":73},[59,53044,2469],{"class":178},[59,53046,53047],{"class":73},"]]\n",[20,53049,53050,53051,41955,53053,358],{},"A list added with ",[15,53052,52457],{},[549,53054,53055],{},"one single item",[50,53057,53059],{"className":52,"code":53058,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53060,53061,53077,53095,53099],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53062,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53064,664],{"class":65},[59,53066,70],{"class":69},[59,53068,74],{"class":73},[59,53070,187],{"class":178},[59,53072,87],{"class":73},[59,53074,3009],{"class":178},[59,53076,107],{"class":73},[59,53078,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53080,707],{"class":65},[59,53082,358],{"class":73},[59,53084,13552],{"class":142},[59,53086,1629],{"class":73},[59,53088,950],{"class":178},[59,53090,87],{"class":73},[59,53092,2475],{"class":178},[59,53094,3902],{"class":73},[59,53096,53097],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53098,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53100,53101,53103,53105,53107],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53102,715],{"class":135},[59,53104,139],{"class":73},[59,53106,707],{"class":142},[59,53108,165],{"class":73},[20,53110,168],{},[50,53112,53114],{"className":52,"code":53113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53115,53116],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53119,3914],{"class":73},[59,53121,187],{"class":178},[59,53123,87],{"class":73},[59,53125,3009],{"class":178},[59,53127,87],{"class":73},[59,53129,74],{"class":73},[59,53131,950],{"class":178},[59,53133,87],{"class":73},[59,53135,2475],{"class":178},[59,53137,53047],{"class":73},[20,53139,2303,53140,53143],{},[15,53141,53142],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53145,53146,53147,53153],{},"This is different from ",[354,53148,53150],{"href":53149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53151,53152],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[45,53155,53157],{"id":53156},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53159,53160],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1127,53162,1599,53164],{"id":53163},"using-append",[15,53165,52457],{},[50,53167,53168],{"className":52,"code":53058,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53169,53170,53186,53204,53208],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53173,664],{"class":65},[59,53175,70],{"class":69},[59,53177,74],{"class":73},[59,53179,187],{"class":178},[59,53181,87],{"class":73},[59,53183,3009],{"class":178},[59,53185,107],{"class":73},[59,53187,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53189,707],{"class":65},[59,53191,358],{"class":73},[59,53193,13552],{"class":142},[59,53195,1629],{"class":73},[59,53197,950],{"class":178},[59,53199,87],{"class":73},[59,53201,2475],{"class":178},[59,53203,3902],{"class":73},[59,53205,53206],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53207,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53209,53210,53212,53214,53216],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53211,715],{"class":135},[59,53213,139],{"class":73},[59,53215,707],{"class":142},[59,53217,165],{"class":73},[20,53219,168],{},[50,53221,53222],{"className":52,"code":53113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53223,53224],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53225,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53227,3914],{"class":73},[59,53229,187],{"class":178},[59,53231,87],{"class":73},[59,53233,3009],{"class":178},[59,53235,87],{"class":73},[59,53237,74],{"class":73},[59,53239,950],{"class":178},[59,53241,87],{"class":73},[59,53243,2475],{"class":178},[59,53245,53047],{"class":73},[1127,53247,1599,53249],{"id":53248},"using-extend",[15,53250,53251],{},"extend()",[50,53253,53255],{"className":52,"code":53254,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53256,53257,53273,53292,53296],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53258,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53260,664],{"class":65},[59,53262,70],{"class":69},[59,53264,74],{"class":73},[59,53266,187],{"class":178},[59,53268,87],{"class":73},[59,53270,3009],{"class":178},[59,53272,107],{"class":73},[59,53274,53275,53277,53279,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53276,707],{"class":65},[59,53278,358],{"class":73},[59,53280,53281],{"class":142},"extend",[59,53283,1629],{"class":73},[59,53285,950],{"class":178},[59,53287,87],{"class":73},[59,53289,2475],{"class":178},[59,53291,3902],{"class":73},[59,53293,53294],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53295,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53297,53298,53300,53302,53304],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53299,715],{"class":135},[59,53301,139],{"class":73},[59,53303,707],{"class":142},[59,53305,165],{"class":73},[20,53307,168],{},[50,53309,53311],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53312,53313],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53314,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53316,3914],{"class":73},[59,53318,187],{"class":178},[59,53320,87],{"class":73},[59,53322,3009],{"class":178},[59,53324,87],{"class":73},[59,53326,2469],{"class":178},[59,53328,87],{"class":73},[59,53330,2475],{"class":178},[59,53332,107],{"class":73},[20,53334,53335],{},"The difference:",[29,53337,53338,53344,53350,53355],{},[32,53339,53340,53343],{},[15,53341,53342],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[32,53345,53346,53349],{},[15,53347,53348],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[32,53351,201,53352,53354],{},[15,53353,52457],{}," for one item",[32,53356,201,53357,53359],{},[15,53358,53251],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53361,53362,53363,358],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[354,53364,53365],{"href":53149},"Python list extend() method",[45,53367,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,53369,53371],{"id":53370},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53373,25680],{},[50,53375,53377],{"className":52,"code":53376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53378,53379,53399,53417,53421],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53380,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53382,1251],{"class":65},[59,53384,70],{"class":69},[59,53386,74],{"class":73},[59,53388,187],{"class":178},[59,53390,87],{"class":73},[59,53392,3009],{"class":178},[59,53394,87],{"class":73},[59,53396,2469],{"class":178},[59,53398,107],{"class":73},[59,53400,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53402,1251],{"class":65},[59,53404,70],{"class":69},[59,53406,5972],{"class":65},[59,53408,358],{"class":73},[59,53410,13552],{"class":142},[59,53412,139],{"class":73},[59,53414,2522],{"class":178},[59,53416,165],{"class":73},[59,53418,53419],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53420,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53422,53423,53425,53427,53429],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53424,715],{"class":135},[59,53426,139],{"class":73},[59,53428,1297],{"class":142},[59,53430,165],{"class":73},[20,53432,168],{},[50,53434,53435],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53436,53437],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53438,53439],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53440,11810],{"class":3867},[20,53442,11902],{},[29,53444,53445,53450,53456],{},[32,53446,53447,53449],{},[15,53448,52457],{}," changes the list in place",[32,53451,53452,2414,53454],{},[15,53453,52457],{},[15,53455,3792],{},[32,53457,53458,53459,53462,53463],{},"So ",[15,53460,53461],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53464,3792],{},[20,53466,10809],{},[50,53468,53470],{"className":52,"code":53469,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53471,53472,53492,53506,53510],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53473,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53475,1251],{"class":65},[59,53477,70],{"class":69},[59,53479,74],{"class":73},[59,53481,187],{"class":178},[59,53483,87],{"class":73},[59,53485,3009],{"class":178},[59,53487,87],{"class":73},[59,53489,2469],{"class":178},[59,53491,107],{"class":73},[59,53493,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53495,1297],{"class":65},[59,53497,358],{"class":73},[59,53499,13552],{"class":142},[59,53501,139],{"class":73},[59,53503,2522],{"class":178},[59,53505,165],{"class":73},[59,53507,53508],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53509,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53511,53512,53514,53516,53518],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53513,715],{"class":135},[59,53515,139],{"class":73},[59,53517,1297],{"class":142},[59,53519,165],{"class":73},[20,53521,168],{},[50,53523,53524],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53525,53526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53527,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53529,3914],{"class":73},[59,53531,187],{"class":178},[59,53533,87],{"class":73},[59,53535,3009],{"class":178},[59,53537,87],{"class":73},[59,53539,2469],{"class":178},[59,53541,87],{"class":73},[59,53543,2475],{"class":178},[59,53545,107],{"class":73},[1127,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53551,18912],{},[50,53553,53555],{"className":52,"code":53554,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53556,53557,53581],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53558,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53560,31871],{"class":65},[59,53562,70],{"class":69},[59,53564,74],{"class":73},[59,53566,187],{"class":178},[59,53568,87],{"class":73},[59,53570,3009],{"class":178},[59,53572,13549],{"class":73},[59,53574,13552],{"class":142},[59,53576,139],{"class":73},[59,53578,950],{"class":178},[59,53580,165],{"class":73},[59,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53584,715],{"class":135},[59,53586,139],{"class":73},[59,53588,31890],{"class":142},[59,53590,165],{"class":73},[20,53592,168],{},[50,53594,53595],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53596,53597],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53598,53599],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53600,11810],{"class":3867},[20,53602,53603,53604,53606],{},"Remember: ",[15,53605,52457],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1127,53608,53610],{"id":53609},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[50,53612,53613],{"className":52,"code":53058,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53614,53615,53631,53649,53653],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53616,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53618,664],{"class":65},[59,53620,70],{"class":69},[59,53622,74],{"class":73},[59,53624,187],{"class":178},[59,53626,87],{"class":73},[59,53628,3009],{"class":178},[59,53630,107],{"class":73},[59,53632,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53634,707],{"class":65},[59,53636,358],{"class":73},[59,53638,13552],{"class":142},[59,53640,1629],{"class":73},[59,53642,950],{"class":178},[59,53644,87],{"class":73},[59,53646,2475],{"class":178},[59,53648,3902],{"class":73},[59,53650,53651],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53652,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53654,53655,53657,53659,53661],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53656,715],{"class":135},[59,53658,139],{"class":73},[59,53660,707],{"class":142},[59,53662,165],{"class":73},[20,53664,168],{},[50,53666,53667],{"className":52,"code":53113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53668,53669],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53670,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53672,3914],{"class":73},[59,53674,187],{"class":178},[59,53676,87],{"class":73},[59,53678,3009],{"class":178},[59,53680,87],{"class":73},[59,53682,74],{"class":73},[59,53684,950],{"class":178},[59,53686,87],{"class":73},[59,53688,2475],{"class":178},[59,53690,53047],{"class":73},[20,53692,3186,53693,53696,53697,6638],{},[15,53694,53695],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53698,53251],{},[1127,53700,53702],{"id":53701},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53704,53705,53707],{},[15,53706,52457],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53709,53710,53711,358],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[354,53712,53714],{"href":53713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53715,53716],{},"list.insert()",[20,53718,239],{},[50,53720,53722],{"className":52,"code":53721,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53723,53724,53748,53771,53775],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53725,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53727,425],{"class":65},[59,53729,70],{"class":69},[59,53731,74],{"class":73},[59,53733,78],{"class":77},[59,53735,354],{"class":81},[59,53737,78],{"class":77},[59,53739,87],{"class":73},[59,53741,90],{"class":77},[59,53743,451],{"class":81},[59,53745,78],{"class":77},[59,53747,107],{"class":73},[59,53749,53750,53752,53754,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53751,480],{"class":65},[59,53753,358],{"class":73},[59,53755,53756],{"class":142},"insert",[59,53758,139],{"class":73},[59,53760,187],{"class":178},[59,53762,87],{"class":73},[59,53764,90],{"class":77},[59,53766,442],{"class":81},[59,53768,78],{"class":77},[59,53770,165],{"class":73},[59,53772,53773],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53774,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53776,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53778,715],{"class":135},[59,53780,139],{"class":73},[59,53782,480],{"class":142},[59,53784,165],{"class":73},[20,53786,168],{},[50,53788,53789],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,53790,53791],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53794,3914],{"class":73},[59,53796,1725],{"class":77},[59,53798,354],{"class":81},[59,53800,1725],{"class":77},[59,53802,87],{"class":73},[59,53804,1734],{"class":77},[59,53806,442],{"class":81},[59,53808,1725],{"class":77},[59,53810,87],{"class":73},[59,53812,1734],{"class":77},[59,53814,451],{"class":81},[59,53816,1725],{"class":77},[59,53818,107],{"class":73},[45,53820,53822],{"id":53821},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53824,53825,53827],{},[15,53826,52457],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53829,786],{},[29,53831,53832,53835,53838,53841],{},[32,53833,53834],{},"building a list in a loop",[32,53836,53837],{},"collecting user input",[32,53839,53840],{},"storing results step by step",[32,53842,53843],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53845,53846],{},"Example with a loop:",[50,53848,53850],{"className":52,"code":53849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53851,53852,53861,53865,53886,53905,53909],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53853,53854,53857,53859],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53855,53856],{"class":65},"squares ",[59,53858,70],{"class":69},[59,53860,7844],{"class":73},[59,53862,53863],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,53864,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53866,53867,53869,53871,53873,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,53868,121],{"class":120},[59,53870,6393],{"class":65},[59,53872,132],{"class":120},[59,53874,53875],{"class":135}," range",[59,53877,139],{"class":73},[59,53879,187],{"class":178},[59,53881,87],{"class":73},[59,53883,4621],{"class":178},[59,53885,146],{"class":73},[59,53887,53888,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,53889,53890],{"class":65},"    squares",[59,53892,358],{"class":73},[59,53894,13552],{"class":142},[59,53896,139],{"class":73},[59,53898,2236],{"class":142},[59,53900,39671],{"class":69},[59,53902,854],{"class":142},[59,53904,165],{"class":73},[59,53906,53907],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,53908,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,53910,53911,53913,53915,53918],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,53912,715],{"class":135},[59,53914,139],{"class":73},[59,53916,53917],{"class":142},"squares",[59,53919,165],{"class":73},[20,53921,168],{},[50,53923,53925],{"className":52,"code":53924,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53926,53927],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53928,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53942,53944,53946],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53930,3914],{"class":73},[59,53932,187],{"class":178},[59,53934,87],{"class":73},[59,53936,2475],{"class":178},[59,53938,87],{"class":73},[59,53940,53941],{"class":178}," 9",[59,53943,87],{"class":73},[59,53945,13987],{"class":178},[59,53947,107],{"class":73},[45,53949,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,53951,53953],{"id":53952},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53955,46167,53956,53958,53959,358],{},[15,53957,52457],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53960,3792],{},[1127,53962,53964],{"id":53963},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53966,53967,53968,358],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[354,53969,53970],{"href":53149},[15,53971,53251],{},[1127,53973,53975],{"id":53974},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53977,53978],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53980,239],{},[50,53982,53984],{"className":52,"code":53983,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53985,53986,54002,54020,54024],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,53987,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,53989,9170],{"class":65},[59,53991,70],{"class":69},[59,53993,74],{"class":73},[59,53995,187],{"class":178},[59,53997,87],{"class":73},[59,53999,3009],{"class":178},[59,54001,107],{"class":73},[59,54003,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54005,9208],{"class":65},[59,54007,358],{"class":73},[59,54009,13552],{"class":142},[59,54011,1629],{"class":73},[59,54013,950],{"class":178},[59,54015,87],{"class":73},[59,54017,2475],{"class":178},[59,54019,3902],{"class":73},[59,54021,54022],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54023,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54025,54026,54028,54030,54032],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54027,715],{"class":135},[59,54029,139],{"class":73},[59,54031,9208],{"class":142},[59,54033,165],{"class":73},[20,54035,168],{},[50,54037,54038],{"className":52,"code":53113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,54039,54040],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54041,54042,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54060],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54043,3914],{"class":73},[59,54045,187],{"class":178},[59,54047,87],{"class":73},[59,54049,3009],{"class":178},[59,54051,87],{"class":73},[59,54053,74],{"class":73},[59,54055,950],{"class":178},[59,54057,87],{"class":73},[59,54059,2475],{"class":178},[59,54061,53047],{"class":73},[1127,54063,54065],{"id":54064},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54067,54068,54070,54071,54074],{},[15,54069,52457],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54072,54073],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[45,54076,1927],{"id":1926},[29,54078,54079,54084,54088,54093,54097],{},[32,54080,54081],{},[354,54082,54083],{"href":52853},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[32,54085,54086],{},[354,54087,53365],{"href":53149},[32,54089,54090],{},[354,54091,54092],{"href":53713},"Python list insert() method",[32,54094,54095],{},[354,54096,52576],{"href":50783},[32,54098,54099],{},[354,54100,54102],{"href":54101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1953,54104,54105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":54107},[54108,54109,54110,54111,54112,54113,54119,54125,54126,54132],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":52536,"depth":110,"text":52537},{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":52857,"depth":110,"text":52858},{"id":53156,"depth":110,"text":53157,"children":54114},[54115,54117],{"id":53163,"depth":117,"text":54116},"Using append()",{"id":53248,"depth":117,"text":54118},"Using extend()",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":54120},[54121,54122,54123,54124],{"id":53370,"depth":117,"text":53371},{"id":53548,"depth":117,"text":53549},{"id":53609,"depth":117,"text":53610},{"id":53701,"depth":117,"text":53702},{"id":53821,"depth":110,"text":53822},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":54127},[54128,54129,54130,54131],{"id":53952,"depth":117,"text":53953},{"id":53963,"depth":117,"text":53964},{"id":53974,"depth":117,"text":53975},{"id":54064,"depth":117,"text":54065},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52447,"description":54133},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54140,"title":54141,"body":54142,"description":55386,"extension":1988,"meta":55387,"navigation":113,"path":55388,"seo":55389,"stem":55390,"__hash__":55391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54143,"toc":55351},[54144,54150,54156,54162,54164,54212,54217,54222,54226,54242,54248,54250,54253,54268,54270,54281,54283,54285,54342,54344,54352,54354,54370,54376,54378,54384,54388,54472,54475,54524,54531,54539,54542,54556,54569,54575,54650,54657,54664,54738,54746,54749,54760,54769,54773,54777,54788,54790,54867,54888,54890,54900,54903,54951,54953,54974,54977,54979,55030,55036,55043,55110,55116,55122,55125,55152,55157,55163,55166,55238,55241,55252,55258,55260,55266,55269,55275,55281,55288,55296,55302,55308,55310,55348],[10,54145,54147,54148,11324],{"id":54146},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54149,11323],{},[20,54151,54152,54155],{},[15,54153,54154],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54157,54158,54159,54161],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[549,54160,11336],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[45,54163,3624],{"id":3623},[50,54165,54167],{"className":52,"code":54166,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54168,54169,54189,54199],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54170,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54172,1251],{"class":65},[59,54174,70],{"class":69},[59,54176,74],{"class":73},[59,54178,187],{"class":178},[59,54180,87],{"class":73},[59,54182,3009],{"class":178},[59,54184,87],{"class":73},[59,54186,2469],{"class":178},[59,54188,107],{"class":73},[59,54190,54191,54193,54195,54197],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54192,1297],{"class":65},[59,54194,358],{"class":73},[59,54196,11385],{"class":142},[59,54198,8647],{"class":73},[59,54200,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54202,715],{"class":135},[59,54204,139],{"class":73},[59,54206,1297],{"class":142},[59,54208,3675],{"class":73},[59,54210,54211],{"class":3678},"  # []\n",[20,54213,201,54214,54216],{},[15,54215,11323],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[45,54218,208,54220,211],{"id":54219},"what-listclear-does",[15,54221,54154],{},[20,54223,54224,1002],{},[15,54225,54154],{},[29,54227,54228,54231,54234,54239],{},[32,54229,54230],{},"Removes every item from a list",[32,54232,54233],{},"Changes the original list in place",[32,54235,54236,54237],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54238,3801],{},[32,54240,54241],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54243,54244,54245,54247],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54246,11323],{},", but it contains no values.",[45,54249,362],{"id":361},[20,54251,54252],{},"Syntax:",[50,54254,54256],{"className":52,"code":54255,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54257,54258],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54259,54260,54262,54264,54266],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54261,8344],{"class":65},[59,54263,358],{"class":73},[59,54265,11385],{"class":142},[59,54267,8647],{"class":73},[20,54269,11461],{},[29,54271,54272,54275,54278],{},[32,54273,54274],{},"Call it on a list object",[32,54276,54277],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[32,54279,54280],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[45,54282,11478],{"id":11477},[20,54284,11481],{},[50,54286,54288],{"className":52,"code":54287,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54289,54290,54314,54318,54328,54332],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54291,54292,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54293,664],{"class":65},[59,54295,70],{"class":69},[59,54297,74],{"class":73},[59,54299,671],{"class":178},[59,54301,87],{"class":73},[59,54303,676],{"class":178},[59,54305,87],{"class":73},[59,54307,681],{"class":178},[59,54309,87],{"class":73},[59,54311,50647],{"class":178},[59,54313,107],{"class":73},[59,54315,54316],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54317,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54319,54320,54322,54324,54326],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54321,707],{"class":65},[59,54323,358],{"class":73},[59,54325,11385],{"class":142},[59,54327,8647],{"class":73},[59,54329,54330],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54331,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54333,54334,54336,54338,54340],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,54335,715],{"class":135},[59,54337,139],{"class":73},[59,54339,707],{"class":142},[59,54341,165],{"class":73},[20,54343,168],{},[50,54345,54346],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,54347,54348],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54349,54350],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54351,38095],{"class":73},[20,54353,11687],{},[29,54355,54356,54361,54367],{},[32,54357,54358,54360],{},[15,54359,707],{}," starts with four items",[32,54362,54363,54366],{},[15,54364,54365],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[32,54368,54369],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54371,54372,54373,358],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[354,54374,52576],{"href":54375},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[45,54377,17419],{"id":17418},[20,54379,54380,2414,54382,358],{},[15,54381,11323],{},[15,54383,3792],{},[20,54385,40705,54386,52472],{},[549,54387,4647],{},[50,54389,54391],{"className":52,"code":54390,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54392,54393,54425,54429,54443,54447,54460],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54394,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54396,1251],{"class":65},[59,54398,70],{"class":69},[59,54400,74],{"class":73},[59,54402,78],{"class":77},[59,54404,354],{"class":81},[59,54406,78],{"class":77},[59,54408,87],{"class":73},[59,54410,90],{"class":77},[59,54412,442],{"class":81},[59,54414,78],{"class":77},[59,54416,87],{"class":73},[59,54418,90],{"class":77},[59,54420,451],{"class":81},[59,54422,78],{"class":77},[59,54424,107],{"class":73},[59,54426,54427],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54428,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54430,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439,54441],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54432,692],{"class":65},[59,54434,70],{"class":69},[59,54436,5972],{"class":65},[59,54438,358],{"class":73},[59,54440,11385],{"class":142},[59,54442,8647],{"class":73},[59,54444,54445],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54446,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54448,54449,54451,54453,54455,54457],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,54450,715],{"class":135},[59,54452,139],{"class":73},[59,54454,1297],{"class":142},[59,54456,3675],{"class":73},[59,54458,54459],{"class":3678},"   # []\n",[59,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,54463,715],{"class":135},[59,54465,139],{"class":73},[59,54467,720],{"class":142},[59,54469,3675],{"class":73},[59,54471,20875],{"class":3678},[20,54473,54474],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[50,54476,54478],{"className":52,"code":54477,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54479,54480,54500,54514],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54481,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54483,1251],{"class":65},[59,54485,70],{"class":69},[59,54487,74],{"class":73},[59,54489,187],{"class":178},[59,54491,87],{"class":73},[59,54493,3009],{"class":178},[59,54495,87],{"class":73},[59,54497,2469],{"class":178},[59,54499,107],{"class":73},[59,54501,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54503,1251],{"class":65},[59,54505,70],{"class":69},[59,54507,5972],{"class":65},[59,54509,358],{"class":73},[59,54511,11385],{"class":142},[59,54513,8647],{"class":73},[59,54515,54516,54518,54520,54522],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54517,715],{"class":135},[59,54519,139],{"class":73},[59,54521,1297],{"class":142},[59,54523,165],{"class":73},[20,54525,11918,54526,41955,54528,54530],{},[15,54527,1297],{},[15,54529,3792],{},", not an empty list.",[45,54532,54534,54536,54537],{"id":54533},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54535,11323],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54538,3801],{},[20,54540,54541],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[50,54543,54544],{"className":52,"code":54255,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,54545,54546],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54547,54548,54550,54552,54554],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54549,8344],{"class":65},[59,54551,358],{"class":73},[59,54553,11385],{"class":142},[59,54555,8647],{"class":73},[50,54557,54559],{"className":52,"code":54558,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = []\n",[15,54560,54561],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54562,54563,54565,54567],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54564,8313],{"class":65},[59,54566,70],{"class":69},[59,54568,7844],{"class":73},[1127,54570,54572,54574],{"id":54571},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54573,11323],{}," empties the same list object",[50,54576,54578],{"className":52,"code":54577,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54579,54580,54600,54608,54612,54622,54626,54638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54581,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54583,2572],{"class":65},[59,54585,70],{"class":69},[59,54587,74],{"class":73},[59,54589,187],{"class":178},[59,54591,87],{"class":73},[59,54593,3009],{"class":178},[59,54595,87],{"class":73},[59,54597,2469],{"class":178},[59,54599,107],{"class":73},[59,54601,54602,54604,54606],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54603,2600],{"class":65},[59,54605,70],{"class":69},[59,54607,512],{"class":65},[59,54609,54610],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54611,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54613,54614,54616,54618,54620],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54615,354],{"class":65},[59,54617,358],{"class":73},[59,54619,11385],{"class":142},[59,54621,8647],{"class":73},[59,54623,54624],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,54625,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54627,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,54629,715],{"class":135},[59,54631,139],{"class":73},[59,54633,354],{"class":142},[59,54635,3675],{"class":73},[59,54637,54211],{"class":3678},[59,54639,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,54641,715],{"class":135},[59,54643,139],{"class":73},[59,54645,442],{"class":142},[59,54647,3675],{"class":73},[59,54649,54211],{"class":3678},[20,54651,10591,54652,4408,54654,54656],{},[15,54653,354],{},[15,54655,442],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1127,54658,54660,54663],{"id":54659},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54661,54662],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[50,54665,54667],{"className":52,"code":54666,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54668,54669,54689,54697,54701,54709,54713,54725],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54670,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54672,2572],{"class":65},[59,54674,70],{"class":69},[59,54676,74],{"class":73},[59,54678,187],{"class":178},[59,54680,87],{"class":73},[59,54682,3009],{"class":178},[59,54684,87],{"class":73},[59,54686,2469],{"class":178},[59,54688,107],{"class":73},[59,54690,54691,54693,54695],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54692,2600],{"class":65},[59,54694,70],{"class":69},[59,54696,512],{"class":65},[59,54698,54699],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54700,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54702,54703,54705,54707],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54704,2572],{"class":65},[59,54706,70],{"class":69},[59,54708,7844],{"class":73},[59,54710,54711],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,54712,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54714,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,54716,715],{"class":135},[59,54718,139],{"class":73},[59,54720,354],{"class":142},[59,54722,3675],{"class":73},[59,54724,54211],{"class":3678},[59,54726,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,54728,715],{"class":135},[59,54730,139],{"class":73},[59,54732,442],{"class":142},[59,54734,3675],{"class":73},[59,54736,54737],{"class":3678},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54739,20770,54740,54742,54743,54745],{},[15,54741,354],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54744,442],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54747,54748],{},"This difference matters when:",[29,54750,54751,54754,54757],{},[32,54752,54753],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[32,54755,54756],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[32,54758,54759],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54761,54762,54763,358],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[354,54764,54766,54767,10742],{"href":54765},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54768,12779],{},[45,54770,776,54771],{"id":12440},[15,54772,11323],{},[20,54774,201,54775,6324],{},[15,54776,11323],{},[29,54778,54779,54782,54785],{},[32,54780,54781],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[32,54783,54784],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[32,54786,54787],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54789,239],{},[50,54791,54793],{"className":52,"code":54792,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54794,54795,54831,54835,54840,54851,54855],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54796,54797,54800,54802,54804,54806,54809,54811,54813,54815,54818,54820,54822,54824,54827,54829],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54798,54799],{"class":65},"shopping_cart ",[59,54801,70],{"class":69},[59,54803,74],{"class":73},[59,54805,78],{"class":77},[59,54807,54808],{"class":81},"milk",[59,54810,78],{"class":77},[59,54812,87],{"class":73},[59,54814,90],{"class":77},[59,54816,54817],{"class":81},"bread",[59,54819,78],{"class":77},[59,54821,87],{"class":73},[59,54823,90],{"class":77},[59,54825,54826],{"class":81},"eggs",[59,54828,78],{"class":77},[59,54830,107],{"class":73},[59,54832,54833],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54834,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54836,54837],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54838,54839],{"class":3678},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[59,54841,54842,54845,54847,54849],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54843,54844],{"class":65},"shopping_cart",[59,54846,358],{"class":73},[59,54848,11385],{"class":142},[59,54850,8647],{"class":73},[59,54852,54853],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,54854,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863,54865],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,54858,715],{"class":135},[59,54860,139],{"class":73},[59,54862,54844],{"class":142},[59,54864,3675],{"class":73},[59,54866,54211],{"class":3678},[20,54868,54869,54870,54874,54875,54881,54882,358],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[354,54871,54873],{"href":54872},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[354,54876,54878,10742],{"href":54877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54879,54880],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[354,54883,54885,10742],{"href":54884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54886,54887],{},"list.pop()",[45,54889,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,54891,54893,54894,999,54897],{"id":54892},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54895,54896],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54898,54899],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54901,54902],{},"This does not call the method.",[50,54904,54906],{"className":52,"code":54905,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54907,54908,54928,54932,54941],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54909,54910,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54911,1251],{"class":65},[59,54913,70],{"class":69},[59,54915,74],{"class":73},[59,54917,187],{"class":178},[59,54919,87],{"class":73},[59,54921,3009],{"class":178},[59,54923,87],{"class":73},[59,54925,2469],{"class":178},[59,54927,107],{"class":73},[59,54929,54930],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,54931,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,54933,54934,54936,54938],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,54935,1297],{"class":65},[59,54937,358],{"class":73},[59,54939,54940],{"class":929},"clear\n",[59,54942,54943,54945,54947,54949],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,54944,715],{"class":135},[59,54946,139],{"class":73},[59,54948,1297],{"class":142},[59,54950,165],{"class":73},[20,54952,168],{},[50,54954,54956],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54957,54958],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54959,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54961,3914],{"class":73},[59,54963,187],{"class":178},[59,54965,87],{"class":73},[59,54967,3009],{"class":178},[59,54969,87],{"class":73},[59,54971,2469],{"class":178},[59,54973,107],{"class":73},[20,54975,54976],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54978,10809],{},[50,54980,54982],{"className":52,"code":54981,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54983,54984,55004,55008,55018],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,54985,54986,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,54987,1251],{"class":65},[59,54989,70],{"class":69},[59,54991,74],{"class":73},[59,54993,187],{"class":178},[59,54995,87],{"class":73},[59,54997,3009],{"class":178},[59,54999,87],{"class":73},[59,55001,2469],{"class":178},[59,55003,107],{"class":73},[59,55005,55006],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55007,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55009,55010,55012,55014,55016],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55011,1297],{"class":65},[59,55013,358],{"class":73},[59,55015,11385],{"class":142},[59,55017,8647],{"class":73},[59,55019,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55021,715],{"class":135},[59,55023,139],{"class":73},[59,55025,1297],{"class":142},[59,55027,3675],{"class":73},[59,55029,54211],{"class":3678},[1127,55031,8456,55033,55035],{"id":55032},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55034,11323],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55037,55038,2414,55040,55042],{},[15,55039,11323],{},[15,55041,3792],{},", not the list.",[50,55044,55046],{"className":52,"code":55045,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55047,55048,55068,55082,55086,55098],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55049,55050,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062,55064,55066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55051,1251],{"class":65},[59,55053,70],{"class":69},[59,55055,74],{"class":73},[59,55057,187],{"class":178},[59,55059,87],{"class":73},[59,55061,3009],{"class":178},[59,55063,87],{"class":73},[59,55065,2469],{"class":178},[59,55067,107],{"class":73},[59,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078,55080],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55071,692],{"class":65},[59,55073,70],{"class":69},[59,55075,5972],{"class":65},[59,55077,358],{"class":73},[59,55079,11385],{"class":142},[59,55081,8647],{"class":73},[59,55083,55084],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55085,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55087,55088,55090,55092,55094,55096],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55089,715],{"class":135},[59,55091,139],{"class":73},[59,55093,720],{"class":142},[59,55095,3675],{"class":73},[59,55097,20875],{"class":3678},[59,55099,55100,55102,55104,55106,55108],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55101,715],{"class":135},[59,55103,139],{"class":73},[59,55105,1297],{"class":142},[59,55107,3675],{"class":73},[59,55109,54459],{"class":3678},[1127,55111,1599,55113,55115],{"id":55112},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55114,11323],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55117,55118,55119,55121],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55120,11323],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55123,55124],{},"This will fail:",[50,55126,55128],{"className":52,"code":55127,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55129,55130,55142],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55131,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55133,34675],{"class":65},[59,55135,70],{"class":69},[59,55137,90],{"class":77},[59,55139,3860],{"class":81},[59,55141,3374],{"class":77},[59,55143,55144,55146,55148,55150],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55145,34696],{"class":65},[59,55147,358],{"class":73},[59,55149,11385],{"class":142},[59,55151,8647],{"class":73},[20,55153,55154,55155,33588],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55156,11323],{},[20,55158,55159,55160,55162],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55161,3792],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55164,55165],{},"Useful checks:",[50,55167,55169],{"className":52,"code":55168,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55170,55171,55181,55195,55209,55218,55228],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55172,55173,55175,55177,55179],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55174,715],{"class":135},[59,55176,139],{"class":73},[59,55178,8344],{"class":142},[59,55180,165],{"class":73},[59,55182,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55184,715],{"class":135},[59,55186,139],{"class":73},[59,55188,3239],{"class":697},[59,55190,139],{"class":73},[59,55192,8344],{"class":142},[59,55194,710],{"class":73},[59,55196,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55198,715],{"class":135},[59,55200,139],{"class":73},[59,55202,12652],{"class":135},[59,55204,139],{"class":73},[59,55206,8344],{"class":142},[59,55208,710],{"class":73},[59,55210,55211,55213,55215],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55212,43350],{"class":65},[59,55214,70],{"class":69},[59,55216,55217],{"class":65}," my_list\n",[59,55219,55220,55222,55224,55226],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55221,8344],{"class":65},[59,55223,358],{"class":73},[59,55225,11385],{"class":142},[59,55227,8647],{"class":73},[59,55229,55230,55232,55234,55236],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,55231,715],{"class":135},[59,55233,139],{"class":73},[59,55235,30731],{"class":142},[59,55237,165],{"class":73},[20,55239,55240],{},"These can help you see:",[29,55242,55243,55246,55249],{},[32,55244,55245],{},"What the variable currently contains",[32,55247,55248],{},"Whether it is really a list",[32,55250,55251],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55253,55254,55255,358],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[354,55256,55257],{"href":54101},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[45,55259,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,55261,1882,55263,55265],{"id":55262},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55264,54154],{}," delete the list?",[20,55267,55268],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1127,55270,1882,55272,55274],{"id":55271},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55273,54154],{}," return a new list?",[20,55276,55277,55278,55280],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55279,3792],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1127,55282,5190,55284,4408,55286,1905],{"id":55283},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55285,11323],{},[15,55287,54662],{},[20,55289,55290,55292,55293,55295],{},[15,55291,11323],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55294,54662],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1127,55297,28318,55299,55301],{"id":55298},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55300,11323],{}," on other types?",[20,55303,55304,55305,55307],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55306,11323],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[45,55309,1927],{"id":1926},[29,55311,55312,55316,55321,55328,55335,55341],{},[32,55313,55314],{},[354,55315,52576],{"href":54375},[32,55317,55318],{},[354,55319,55320],{"href":54872},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[32,55322,55323],{},[354,55324,55325,55326,10742],{"href":54884},"Python list ",[15,55327,12765],{},[32,55329,55330],{},[354,55331,55325,55332,10742],{"href":54877},[15,55333,55334],{},"remove()",[32,55336,55337],{},[354,55338,55325,55339,10742],{"href":54765},[15,55340,12779],{},[32,55342,55343],{},[354,55344,30335,55345,33621],{"href":54101},[15,55346,55347],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1953,55349,55350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":55352},[55353,55354,55356,55357,55358,55359,55366,55367,55375,55385],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":54219,"depth":110,"text":55355},"What list.clear() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":54533,"depth":110,"text":55360,"children":55361},"clear() vs assigning []",[55362,55364],{"id":54571,"depth":117,"text":55363},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54659,"depth":117,"text":55365},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12440,"depth":110,"text":12811},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":55368},[55369,55371,55373],{"id":54892,"depth":117,"text":55370},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55032,"depth":117,"text":55372},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55112,"depth":117,"text":55374},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":55376},[55377,55379,55381,55383],{"id":55262,"depth":117,"text":55378},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55271,"depth":117,"text":55380},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55283,"depth":117,"text":55382},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55298,"depth":117,"text":55384},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54141,"description":55386},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55393,"title":55394,"body":55395,"description":57080,"extension":1988,"meta":57081,"navigation":113,"path":57082,"seo":57083,"stem":57084,"__hash__":57085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55396,"toc":57048},[55397,55402,55408,55416,55418,55507,55514,55519,55523,55537,55539,55616,55618,55679,55682,55684,55686,55707,55710,55724,55727,55772,55774,55782,55785,55791,55797,55800,55877,55879,55924,55927,55932,56015,56017,56058,56063,56067,56073,56075,56083,56086,56179,56181,56239,56242,56258,56263,56273,56278,56280,56285,56290,56293,56295,56352,56355,56408,56414,56419,56423,56440,56442,56526,56528,56569,56577,56579,56584,56590,56592,56655,56660,56730,56734,56769,56772,56774,56813,56817,56893,56899,56905,56910,56932,56935,56954,56962,56964,56970,56973,56980,56988,56993,56996,57000,57006,57014,57017,57019,57045],[10,55398,54147,55400,11324],{"id":55399},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55401,12779],{},[20,55403,55404,55407],{},[15,55405,55406],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55409,55410,55411,14053,55413,55415],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55412,70],{},[549,55414,4647],{}," make a real copy.",[45,55417,48],{"id":47},[50,55419,55421],{"className":52,"code":55420,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55422,55423,55443,55458,55462,55477,55481,55494],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55424,55425,55427,55429,55431,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55426,664],{"class":65},[59,55428,70],{"class":69},[59,55430,74],{"class":73},[59,55432,187],{"class":178},[59,55434,87],{"class":73},[59,55436,3009],{"class":178},[59,55438,87],{"class":73},[59,55440,2469],{"class":178},[59,55442,107],{"class":73},[59,55444,55445,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55446,55447],{"class":65},"new_numbers ",[59,55449,70],{"class":69},[59,55451,4277],{"class":65},[59,55453,358],{"class":73},[59,55455,12913],{"class":142},[59,55457,8647],{"class":73},[59,55459,55460],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55461,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55463,55464,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55465,55466],{"class":65},"new_numbers",[59,55468,358],{"class":73},[59,55470,13552],{"class":142},[59,55472,139],{"class":73},[59,55474,2522],{"class":178},[59,55476,165],{"class":73},[59,55478,55479],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55480,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55482,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,55484,715],{"class":135},[59,55486,139],{"class":73},[59,55488,707],{"class":142},[59,55490,3675],{"class":73},[59,55492,55493],{"class":3678},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[59,55495,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,55497,715],{"class":135},[59,55499,139],{"class":73},[59,55501,55466],{"class":142},[59,55503,3675],{"class":73},[59,55505,55506],{"class":3678},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55508,201,55509,55511,55512,358],{},[15,55510,55406],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[549,55513,12853],{},[45,55515,208,55517,211],{"id":55516},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55518,55406],{},[20,55520,55521,1002],{},[15,55522,55406],{},[29,55524,55525,55528,55531,55534],{},[32,55526,55527],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[32,55529,55530],{},"Returns that new list",[32,55532,55533],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[32,55535,55536],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55538,239],{},[50,55540,55542],{"className":52,"code":55541,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55543,55544,55576,55591,55595,55605],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55545,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560,55562,55564,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55547,579],{"class":65},[59,55549,70],{"class":69},[59,55551,74],{"class":73},[59,55553,78],{"class":77},[59,55555,588],{"class":81},[59,55557,78],{"class":77},[59,55559,87],{"class":73},[59,55561,90],{"class":77},[59,55563,597],{"class":81},[59,55565,78],{"class":77},[59,55567,87],{"class":73},[59,55569,90],{"class":77},[59,55571,606],{"class":81},[59,55573,78],{"class":77},[59,55575,107],{"class":73},[59,55577,55578,55581,55583,55585,55587,55589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55579,55580],{"class":65},"copied_fruits ",[59,55582,70],{"class":69},[59,55584,52656],{"class":65},[59,55586,358],{"class":73},[59,55588,12913],{"class":142},[59,55590,8647],{"class":73},[59,55592,55593],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55594,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55596,55597,55599,55601,55603],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55598,715],{"class":135},[59,55600,139],{"class":73},[59,55602,634],{"class":142},[59,55604,165],{"class":73},[59,55606,55607,55609,55611,55614],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55608,715],{"class":135},[59,55610,139],{"class":73},[59,55612,55613],{"class":142},"copied_fruits",[59,55615,165],{"class":73},[20,55617,168],{},[50,55619,55621],{"className":52,"code":55620,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55622,55623,55651],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55624,55625,55627,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639,55641,55643,55645,55647,55649],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55626,3914],{"class":73},[59,55628,1725],{"class":77},[59,55630,588],{"class":81},[59,55632,1725],{"class":77},[59,55634,87],{"class":73},[59,55636,1734],{"class":77},[59,55638,597],{"class":81},[59,55640,1725],{"class":77},[59,55642,87],{"class":73},[59,55644,1734],{"class":77},[59,55646,606],{"class":81},[59,55648,1725],{"class":77},[59,55650,107],{"class":73},[59,55652,55653,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55654,3914],{"class":73},[59,55656,1725],{"class":77},[59,55658,588],{"class":81},[59,55660,1725],{"class":77},[59,55662,87],{"class":73},[59,55664,1734],{"class":77},[59,55666,597],{"class":81},[59,55668,1725],{"class":77},[59,55670,87],{"class":73},[59,55672,1734],{"class":77},[59,55674,606],{"class":81},[59,55676,1725],{"class":77},[59,55678,107],{"class":73},[20,55680,55681],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[45,55683,362],{"id":361},[20,55685,365],{},[50,55687,55689],{"className":52,"code":55688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55690,55691],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55692,55693,55696,55698,55701,55703,55705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55694,55695],{"class":65},"new_list ",[59,55697,70],{"class":69},[59,55699,55700],{"class":65}," old_list",[59,55702,358],{"class":73},[59,55704,12913],{"class":142},[59,55706,8647],{"class":73},[20,55708,55709],{},"How it works:",[29,55711,55712,55718,55721],{},[32,55713,55714,55715,55717],{},"Call ",[15,55716,12779],{}," on an existing list",[32,55719,55720],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[32,55722,55723],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55725,55726],{},"Example with an empty list:",[50,55728,55730],{"className":52,"code":55729,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55731,55732,55741,55757,55761],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55733,55734,55737,55739],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55735,55736],{"class":65},"empty_list ",[59,55738,70],{"class":69},[59,55740,7844],{"class":73},[59,55742,55743,55746,55748,55751,55753,55755],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55744,55745],{"class":65},"new_empty_list ",[59,55747,70],{"class":69},[59,55749,55750],{"class":65}," empty_list",[59,55752,358],{"class":73},[59,55754,12913],{"class":142},[59,55756,8647],{"class":73},[59,55758,55759],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55760,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55762,55763,55765,55767,55770],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55764,715],{"class":135},[59,55766,139],{"class":73},[59,55768,55769],{"class":142},"new_empty_list",[59,55771,165],{"class":73},[20,55773,168],{},[50,55775,55776],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,55777,55778],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55779,55780],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55781,38095],{"class":73},[20,55783,55784],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[45,55786,55788,55789],{"id":55787},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55790,70],{},[20,55792,1599,55793,14053,55795,52472],{},[15,55794,70],{},[549,55796,4647],{},[20,55798,55799],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[50,55801,55803],{"className":52,"code":55802,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55804,55805,55825,55834,55838,55853,55857,55867],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55806,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55808,664],{"class":65},[59,55810,70],{"class":69},[59,55812,74],{"class":73},[59,55814,187],{"class":178},[59,55816,87],{"class":73},[59,55818,3009],{"class":178},[59,55820,87],{"class":73},[59,55822,2469],{"class":178},[59,55824,107],{"class":73},[59,55826,55827,55830,55832],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55828,55829],{"class":65},"same_list ",[59,55831,70],{"class":69},[59,55833,43783],{"class":65},[59,55835,55836],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55837,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55839,55840,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55841,55842],{"class":65},"same_list",[59,55844,358],{"class":73},[59,55846,13552],{"class":142},[59,55848,139],{"class":73},[59,55850,2522],{"class":178},[59,55852,165],{"class":73},[59,55854,55855],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55856,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,55860,715],{"class":135},[59,55862,139],{"class":73},[59,55864,707],{"class":142},[59,55866,165],{"class":73},[59,55868,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,55870,715],{"class":135},[59,55872,139],{"class":73},[59,55874,55842],{"class":142},[59,55876,165],{"class":73},[20,55878,168],{},[50,55880,55882],{"className":52,"code":55881,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55883,55884,55904],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55885,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55887,3914],{"class":73},[59,55889,187],{"class":178},[59,55891,87],{"class":73},[59,55893,3009],{"class":178},[59,55895,87],{"class":73},[59,55897,2469],{"class":178},[59,55899,87],{"class":73},[59,55901,2475],{"class":178},[59,55903,107],{"class":73},[59,55905,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55907,3914],{"class":73},[59,55909,187],{"class":178},[59,55911,87],{"class":73},[59,55913,3009],{"class":178},[59,55915,87],{"class":73},[59,55917,2469],{"class":178},[59,55919,87],{"class":73},[59,55921,2475],{"class":178},[59,55923,107],{"class":73},[20,55925,55926],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55928,55929,55930,1002],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55931,12779],{},[50,55933,55935],{"className":52,"code":55934,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55936,55937,55957,55972,55976,55991,55995,56005],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,55938,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,55940,664],{"class":65},[59,55942,70],{"class":69},[59,55944,74],{"class":73},[59,55946,187],{"class":178},[59,55948,87],{"class":73},[59,55950,3009],{"class":178},[59,55952,87],{"class":73},[59,55954,2469],{"class":178},[59,55956,107],{"class":73},[59,55958,55959,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,55960,55961],{"class":65},"copied_numbers ",[59,55963,70],{"class":69},[59,55965,4277],{"class":65},[59,55967,358],{"class":73},[59,55969,12913],{"class":142},[59,55971,8647],{"class":73},[59,55973,55974],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,55975,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55977,55978,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,55979,55980],{"class":65},"copied_numbers",[59,55982,358],{"class":73},[59,55984,13552],{"class":142},[59,55986,139],{"class":73},[59,55988,2522],{"class":178},[59,55990,165],{"class":73},[59,55992,55993],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,55994,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,55996,55997,55999,56001,56003],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,55998,715],{"class":135},[59,56000,139],{"class":73},[59,56002,707],{"class":142},[59,56004,165],{"class":73},[59,56006,56007,56009,56011,56013],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,56008,715],{"class":135},[59,56010,139],{"class":73},[59,56012,55980],{"class":142},[59,56014,165],{"class":73},[20,56016,168],{},[50,56018,56020],{"className":52,"code":56019,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56021,56022,56038],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56023,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56025,3914],{"class":73},[59,56027,187],{"class":178},[59,56029,87],{"class":73},[59,56031,3009],{"class":178},[59,56033,87],{"class":73},[59,56035,2469],{"class":178},[59,56037,107],{"class":73},[59,56039,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56041,3914],{"class":73},[59,56043,187],{"class":178},[59,56045,87],{"class":73},[59,56047,3009],{"class":178},[59,56049,87],{"class":73},[59,56051,2469],{"class":178},[59,56053,87],{"class":73},[59,56055,2475],{"class":178},[59,56057,107],{"class":73},[20,56059,56060,56061,358],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[354,56062,52576],{"href":50783},[45,56064,56066],{"id":56065},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56068,56069,12850,56071,358],{},[15,56070,55406],{},[549,56072,12853],{},[20,56074,2130],{},[29,56076,56077,56080],{},[32,56078,56079],{},"The outer list is new",[32,56081,56082],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56084,56085],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[50,56087,56089],{"className":52,"code":56088,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56090,56091,56118,56132,56136,56155,56159,56169],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56092,56093,56095,56097,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56094,12088],{"class":65},[59,56096,70],{"class":69},[59,56098,56099],{"class":73}," [[",[59,56101,187],{"class":178},[59,56103,87],{"class":73},[59,56105,3009],{"class":178},[59,56107,1697],{"class":73},[59,56109,74],{"class":73},[59,56111,950],{"class":178},[59,56113,87],{"class":73},[59,56115,2475],{"class":178},[59,56117,53047],{"class":73},[59,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56121,14311],{"class":65},[59,56123,70],{"class":69},[59,56125,12163],{"class":65},[59,56127,358],{"class":73},[59,56129,12913],{"class":142},[59,56131,8647],{"class":73},[59,56133,56134],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56135,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56137,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56153],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56139,14330],{"class":65},[59,56141,3914],{"class":73},[59,56143,179],{"class":178},[59,56145,13549],{"class":73},[59,56147,13552],{"class":142},[59,56149,139],{"class":73},[59,56151,56152],{"class":178},"99",[59,56154,165],{"class":73},[59,56156,56157],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,56158,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,56162,715],{"class":135},[59,56164,139],{"class":73},[59,56166,12135],{"class":142},[59,56168,165],{"class":73},[59,56170,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,56172,715],{"class":135},[59,56174,139],{"class":73},[59,56176,14330],{"class":142},[59,56178,165],{"class":73},[20,56180,168],{},[50,56182,56184],{"className":52,"code":56183,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56185,56186,56213],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56187,56188,56191,56193,56195,56197,56199,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56189,56190],{"class":73},"[[",[59,56192,187],{"class":178},[59,56194,87],{"class":73},[59,56196,3009],{"class":178},[59,56198,87],{"class":73},[59,56200,10197],{"class":178},[59,56202,1697],{"class":73},[59,56204,74],{"class":73},[59,56206,950],{"class":178},[59,56208,87],{"class":73},[59,56210,2475],{"class":178},[59,56212,53047],{"class":73},[59,56214,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56216,56190],{"class":73},[59,56218,187],{"class":178},[59,56220,87],{"class":73},[59,56222,3009],{"class":178},[59,56224,87],{"class":73},[59,56226,10197],{"class":178},[59,56228,1697],{"class":73},[59,56230,74],{"class":73},[59,56232,950],{"class":178},[59,56234,87],{"class":73},[59,56236,2475],{"class":178},[59,56238,53047],{"class":73},[20,56240,56241],{},"Why did both change?",[29,56243,56244,56251],{},[32,56245,56246,4408,56248,56250],{},[15,56247,12135],{},[15,56249,14330],{}," are different outer lists",[32,56252,56253,56254,56257],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56255,56256],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56259,53458,56260,56262],{},[15,56261,12779],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[29,56264,56265,56268,56271],{},[32,56266,56267],{},"Numbers",[32,56269,56270],{},"Strings",[32,56272,40394],{},[20,56274,56275,56276,358],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[354,56277,13790],{"href":13789},[45,56279,17419],{"id":17418},[20,56281,56282,56284],{},[15,56283,55406],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56286,40705,56287,56289],{},[549,56288,4647],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56291,56292],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56294,16656],{},[50,56296,56298],{"className":52,"code":56297,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56299,56300,56324,56338,56342],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56301,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56303,66],{"class":65},[59,56305,70],{"class":69},[59,56307,74],{"class":73},[59,56309,78],{"class":77},[59,56311,82],{"class":81},[59,56313,78],{"class":77},[59,56315,87],{"class":73},[59,56317,90],{"class":77},[59,56319,102],{"class":81},[59,56321,78],{"class":77},[59,56323,107],{"class":73},[59,56325,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56327,13118],{"class":65},[59,56329,70],{"class":69},[59,56331,1558],{"class":65},[59,56333,358],{"class":73},[59,56335,12913],{"class":142},[59,56337,8647],{"class":73},[59,56339,56340],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56341,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56343,56344,56346,56348,56350],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56345,715],{"class":135},[59,56347,139],{"class":73},[59,56349,13141],{"class":142},[59,56351,165],{"class":73},[20,56353,56354],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[50,56356,56358],{"className":52,"code":56357,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56359,56360,56384,56394,56398],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56361,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56363,66],{"class":65},[59,56365,70],{"class":69},[59,56367,74],{"class":73},[59,56369,78],{"class":77},[59,56371,82],{"class":81},[59,56373,78],{"class":77},[59,56375,87],{"class":73},[59,56377,90],{"class":77},[59,56379,102],{"class":81},[59,56381,78],{"class":77},[59,56383,107],{"class":73},[59,56385,56386,56388,56390,56392],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56387,143],{"class":65},[59,56389,358],{"class":73},[59,56391,12913],{"class":142},[59,56393,8647],{"class":73},[59,56395,56396],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56397,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56399,56400,56402,56404,56406],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56401,715],{"class":135},[59,56403,139],{"class":73},[59,56405,143],{"class":142},[59,56407,165],{"class":73},[20,56409,56410,56411,56413],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56412,12779],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[45,56415,776,56417],{"id":56416},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56418,55406],{},[20,56420,201,56421,10602],{},[15,56422,55406],{},[29,56424,56425,56428,56431,56434],{},[32,56426,56427],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[32,56429,56430],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[32,56432,56433],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[32,56435,56436,56437],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56438,56439],{},"[:]",[20,56441,239],{},[50,56443,56445],{"className":52,"code":56444,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56446,56447,56467,56482,56486,56501,56505,56515],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56450,5077],{"class":65},[59,56452,70],{"class":69},[59,56454,74],{"class":73},[59,56456,671],{"class":178},[59,56458,87],{"class":73},[59,56460,676],{"class":178},[59,56462,87],{"class":73},[59,56464,681],{"class":178},[59,56466,107],{"class":73},[59,56468,56469,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56470,56471],{"class":65},"backup_scores ",[59,56473,70],{"class":69},[59,56475,5124],{"class":65},[59,56477,358],{"class":73},[59,56479,12913],{"class":142},[59,56481,8647],{"class":73},[59,56483,56484],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56485,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56487,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56499],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56489,16389],{"class":65},[59,56491,358],{"class":73},[59,56493,13552],{"class":142},[59,56495,139],{"class":73},[59,56497,56498],{"class":178},"40",[59,56500,165],{"class":73},[59,56502,56503],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,56504,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56506,56507,56509,56511,56513],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,56508,715],{"class":135},[59,56510,139],{"class":73},[59,56512,16389],{"class":142},[59,56514,165],{"class":73},[59,56516,56517,56519,56521,56524],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,56518,715],{"class":135},[59,56520,139],{"class":73},[59,56522,56523],{"class":142},"backup_scores",[59,56525,165],{"class":73},[20,56527,168],{},[50,56529,56531],{"className":52,"code":56530,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56532,56533,56553],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56534,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56536,3914],{"class":73},[59,56538,671],{"class":178},[59,56540,87],{"class":73},[59,56542,676],{"class":178},[59,56544,87],{"class":73},[59,56546,681],{"class":178},[59,56548,87],{"class":73},[59,56550,50647],{"class":178},[59,56552,107],{"class":73},[59,56554,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56556,3914],{"class":73},[59,56558,671],{"class":178},[59,56560,87],{"class":73},[59,56562,676],{"class":178},[59,56564,87],{"class":73},[59,56566,681],{"class":178},[59,56568,107],{"class":73},[20,56570,56571,56572,358],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[354,56573,55325,56575,10742],{"href":56574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56576,52457],{},[45,56578,4534],{"id":4533},[20,56580,56581,56582,358],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56583,55406],{},[1127,56585,1599,56587,56589],{"id":56586},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56588,70],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56591,38997],{},[50,56593,56595],{"className":52,"code":56594,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56596,56597,56617,56625,56639,56643],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56598,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56600,2572],{"class":65},[59,56602,70],{"class":69},[59,56604,74],{"class":73},[59,56606,187],{"class":178},[59,56608,87],{"class":73},[59,56610,3009],{"class":178},[59,56612,87],{"class":73},[59,56614,2469],{"class":178},[59,56616,107],{"class":73},[59,56618,56619,56621,56623],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56620,2600],{"class":65},[59,56622,70],{"class":69},[59,56624,512],{"class":65},[59,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56628,442],{"class":65},[59,56630,358],{"class":73},[59,56632,13552],{"class":142},[59,56634,139],{"class":73},[59,56636,2522],{"class":178},[59,56638,165],{"class":73},[59,56640,56641],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56642,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56644,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,56646,715],{"class":135},[59,56648,139],{"class":73},[59,56650,354],{"class":142},[59,56652,3675],{"class":73},[59,56654,55506],{"class":3678},[20,56656,56657,56658,6638],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56659,12779],{},[50,56661,56663],{"className":52,"code":56662,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56664,56665,56685,56700,56714,56718],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56666,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56668,2572],{"class":65},[59,56670,70],{"class":69},[59,56672,74],{"class":73},[59,56674,187],{"class":178},[59,56676,87],{"class":73},[59,56678,3009],{"class":178},[59,56680,87],{"class":73},[59,56682,2469],{"class":178},[59,56684,107],{"class":73},[59,56686,56687,56689,56691,56694,56696,56698],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56688,2600],{"class":65},[59,56690,70],{"class":69},[59,56692,56693],{"class":65}," a",[59,56695,358],{"class":73},[59,56697,12913],{"class":142},[59,56699,8647],{"class":73},[59,56701,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56703,442],{"class":65},[59,56705,358],{"class":73},[59,56707,13552],{"class":142},[59,56709,139],{"class":73},[59,56711,2522],{"class":178},[59,56713,165],{"class":73},[59,56715,56716],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56717,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,56721,715],{"class":135},[59,56723,139],{"class":73},[59,56725,354],{"class":142},[59,56727,3675],{"class":73},[59,56729,54737],{"class":3678},[1127,56731,56733],{"id":56732},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[50,56735,56737],{"className":52,"code":56736,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56738,56739,56759],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56740,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56742,664],{"class":65},[59,56744,70],{"class":69},[59,56746,74],{"class":73},[59,56748,187],{"class":178},[59,56750,87],{"class":73},[59,56752,3009],{"class":178},[59,56754,87],{"class":73},[59,56756,2469],{"class":178},[59,56758,107],{"class":73},[59,56760,56761,56763,56765,56767],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56762,707],{"class":65},[59,56764,358],{"class":73},[59,56766,12913],{"class":142},[59,56768,8647],{"class":73},[20,56770,56771],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56773,39060],{},[50,56775,56777],{"className":52,"code":56776,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56778,56779,56799],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56780,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56782,664],{"class":65},[59,56784,70],{"class":69},[59,56786,74],{"class":73},[59,56788,187],{"class":178},[59,56790,87],{"class":73},[59,56792,3009],{"class":178},[59,56794,87],{"class":73},[59,56796,2469],{"class":178},[59,56798,107],{"class":73},[59,56800,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56802,55961],{"class":65},[59,56804,70],{"class":69},[59,56806,4277],{"class":65},[59,56808,358],{"class":73},[59,56810,12913],{"class":142},[59,56812,8647],{"class":73},[1127,56814,56816],{"id":56815},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[50,56818,56820],{"className":52,"code":56819,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56821,56822,56840,56854,56858,56876,56880],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56823,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56825,2572],{"class":65},[59,56827,70],{"class":69},[59,56829,56099],{"class":73},[59,56831,187],{"class":178},[59,56833,1697],{"class":73},[59,56835,74],{"class":73},[59,56837,195],{"class":178},[59,56839,53047],{"class":73},[59,56841,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56843,2600],{"class":65},[59,56845,70],{"class":69},[59,56847,56693],{"class":65},[59,56849,358],{"class":73},[59,56851,12913],{"class":142},[59,56853,8647],{"class":73},[59,56855,56856],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,56857,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,56861,442],{"class":65},[59,56863,3914],{"class":73},[59,56865,179],{"class":178},[59,56867,13549],{"class":73},[59,56869,13552],{"class":142},[59,56871,139],{"class":73},[59,56873,56152],{"class":178},[59,56875,165],{"class":73},[59,56877,56878],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,56879,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,56881,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,56883,715],{"class":135},[59,56885,139],{"class":73},[59,56887,354],{"class":142},[59,56889,3675],{"class":73},[59,56891,56892],{"class":3678},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56894,56895,56896,56898],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56897,55406],{}," is shallow.",[1127,56900,25606,56902,56904],{"id":56901},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56903,12779],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56906,56907,56909],{},[15,56908,12779],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[50,56911,56913],{"className":52,"code":56912,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56914,56915,56927],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56916,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56918,7882],{"class":65},[59,56920,70],{"class":69},[59,56922,90],{"class":77},[59,56924,5018],{"class":81},[59,56926,3374],{"class":77},[59,56928,56929],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,56930,56931],{"class":3678},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56933,56934],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[50,56936,56938],{"className":52,"code":56937,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56939,56940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,56941,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,56943,715],{"class":135},[59,56945,139],{"class":73},[59,56947,3239],{"class":697},[59,56949,139],{"class":73},[59,56951,7676],{"class":142},[59,56953,710],{"class":73},[20,56955,56956,56957,56961],{},"You can also review ",[354,56958,56960],{"href":56959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[45,56963,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,56965,1882,56967,56969],{"id":56966},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56968,55406],{}," change the original list?",[20,56971,56972],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1127,56974,5190,56976,4408,56978,1905],{"id":56975},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56977,55406],{},[15,56979,70],{},[20,56981,56982,56984,56985,56987],{},[15,56983,12779],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56986,70],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1127,56989,14903,56991,14906],{"id":56990},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56992,55406],{},[20,56994,56995],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1127,56997,56999],{"id":56998},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57001,41952,57002,57005],{},[15,57003,57004],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1127,57007,14903,57009,57011,57012,1905],{"id":57008},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57010,55406],{}," the same as ",[15,57013,56439],{},[20,57015,57016],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[45,57018,1927],{"id":1926},[29,57020,57021,57026,57030,57035,57041],{},[32,57022,57023],{},[354,57024,14965],{"href":57025},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,57027,57028],{},[354,57029,52576],{"href":50783},[32,57031,57032],{},[354,57033,57034],{"href":56959},"Creating a list in Python",[32,57036,57037],{},[354,57038,55325,57039,10742],{"href":56574},[15,57040,52457],{},[32,57042,57043],{},[354,57044,13790],{"href":13789},[1953,57046,57047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":57049},[57050,57051,57053,57054,57056,57057,57058,57060,57068,57079],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":55516,"depth":110,"text":57052},"What list.copy() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":55787,"depth":110,"text":57055},"Why not use =",{"id":56065,"depth":110,"text":56066},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":56416,"depth":110,"text":57059},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":57061},[57062,57064,57065,57066],{"id":56586,"depth":117,"text":57063},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56732,"depth":117,"text":56733},{"id":56815,"depth":117,"text":56816},{"id":56901,"depth":117,"text":57067},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":57069},[57070,57072,57074,57076,57077],{"id":56966,"depth":117,"text":57071},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56975,"depth":117,"text":57073},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56990,"depth":117,"text":57075},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56998,"depth":117,"text":56999},{"id":57008,"depth":117,"text":57078},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55394,"description":57080},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57087,"title":57088,"body":57089,"description":58831,"extension":1988,"meta":58832,"navigation":113,"path":58833,"seo":58834,"stem":58835,"__hash__":58836},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57090,"toc":58790},[57091,57097,57103,57106,57117,57120,57122,57185,57191,57196,57200,57214,57217,57222,57227,57229,57231,57250,57262,57264,57331,57333,57341,57346,57348,57356,57359,57376,57378,57502,57513,57517,57522,57525,57527,57545,57549,57635,57644,57652,57721,57723,57726,57738,57743,57747,57818,57821,57825,57829,57894,57896,57904,57908,57991,57993,58001,58005,58066,58068,58076,58080,58167,58169,58177,58182,58187,58190,58201,58203,58288,58293,58302,58304,58308,58312,58317,58379,58383,58391,58397,58406,58411,58460,58463,58484,58488,58550,58557,58562,58565,58652,58655,58666,58669,58689,58691,58697,58700,58704,58708,58714,58717,58723,58730,58738,58749,58751,58787],[10,57092,54147,57094,11324],{"id":57093},"python-list-count-method",[15,57095,57096],{},"count()",[20,57098,57099,57102],{},[15,57100,57101],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57104,57105],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[29,57107,57108,57111,57114],{},[32,57109,57110],{},"count one specific item",[32,57112,57113],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[32,57115,57116],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57118,57119],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[45,57121,3624],{"id":3623},[50,57123,57125],{"className":52,"code":57124,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57126,57127,57155,57173],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57128,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57130,664],{"class":65},[59,57132,70],{"class":69},[59,57134,74],{"class":73},[59,57136,187],{"class":178},[59,57138,87],{"class":73},[59,57140,3009],{"class":178},[59,57142,87],{"class":73},[59,57144,3009],{"class":178},[59,57146,87],{"class":73},[59,57148,2469],{"class":178},[59,57150,87],{"class":73},[59,57152,3009],{"class":178},[59,57154,107],{"class":73},[59,57156,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57158,692],{"class":65},[59,57160,70],{"class":69},[59,57162,4277],{"class":65},[59,57164,358],{"class":73},[59,57166,41059],{"class":142},[59,57168,139],{"class":73},[59,57170,195],{"class":178},[59,57172,165],{"class":73},[59,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57176,715],{"class":135},[59,57178,139],{"class":73},[59,57180,720],{"class":142},[59,57182,3675],{"class":73},[59,57184,50574],{"class":3678},[20,57186,201,57187,57190],{},[15,57188,57189],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[45,57192,208,57194,211],{"id":57193},"what-listcount-does",[15,57195,57101],{},[20,57197,57198,1002],{},[15,57199,57101],{},[29,57201,57202,57205,57208,57211],{},[32,57203,57204],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[32,57206,57207],{},"returns an integer",[32,57209,57210],{},"does not change the original list",[32,57212,57213],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57215,57216],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57218,57219,57220,358],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57221,950],{},[20,57223,57224,57225,358],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57226,179],{},[45,57228,362],{"id":361},[20,57230,365],{},[50,57232,57234],{"className":52,"code":57233,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57235,57236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57237,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57239,8344],{"class":65},[59,57241,358],{"class":73},[59,57243,41059],{"class":142},[59,57245,139],{"class":73},[59,57247,1217],{"class":142},[59,57249,165],{"class":73},[29,57251,57252,57257],{},[32,57253,57254,57256],{},[15,57255,8344],{}," is the list you want to search",[32,57258,57259,57261],{},[15,57260,1217],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57263,239],{},[50,57265,57267],{"className":52,"code":57266,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57268,57269,57309],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57270,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57272,425],{"class":65},[59,57274,70],{"class":69},[59,57276,74],{"class":73},[59,57278,78],{"class":77},[59,57280,354],{"class":81},[59,57282,78],{"class":77},[59,57284,87],{"class":73},[59,57286,90],{"class":77},[59,57288,442],{"class":81},[59,57290,78],{"class":77},[59,57292,87],{"class":73},[59,57294,90],{"class":77},[59,57296,354],{"class":81},[59,57298,78],{"class":77},[59,57300,87],{"class":73},[59,57302,90],{"class":77},[59,57304,451],{"class":81},[59,57306,78],{"class":77},[59,57308,107],{"class":73},[59,57310,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57312,715],{"class":135},[59,57314,139],{"class":73},[59,57316,480],{"class":142},[59,57318,358],{"class":73},[59,57320,41059],{"class":142},[59,57322,139],{"class":73},[59,57324,78],{"class":77},[59,57326,354],{"class":81},[59,57328,78],{"class":77},[59,57330,710],{"class":73},[20,57332,168],{},[50,57334,57335],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,57336,57337],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57338,57339],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57340,17056],{"class":178},[20,57342,57343,57344,358],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57345,179],{},[45,57347,37818],{"id":37817},[20,57349,57350,57351,57353,57354,358],{},"The return value from ",[15,57352,57096],{}," is always an ",[15,57355,2209],{},[20,57357,57358],{},"Possible results:",[29,57360,57361,57366,57371],{},[32,57362,57363,57365],{},[15,57364,179],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[32,57367,57368,57370],{},[15,57369,187],{}," if it appears once",[32,57372,57373,57375],{},[15,57374,195],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57377,239],{},[50,57379,57381],{"className":52,"code":57380,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57382,57383,57423,57427,57452,57477],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57384,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57386,66],{"class":65},[59,57388,70],{"class":69},[59,57390,74],{"class":73},[59,57392,78],{"class":77},[59,57394,82],{"class":81},[59,57396,78],{"class":77},[59,57398,87],{"class":73},[59,57400,90],{"class":77},[59,57402,102],{"class":81},[59,57404,78],{"class":77},[59,57406,87],{"class":73},[59,57408,90],{"class":77},[59,57410,93],{"class":81},[59,57412,78],{"class":77},[59,57414,87],{"class":73},[59,57416,90],{"class":77},[59,57418,102],{"class":81},[59,57420,78],{"class":77},[59,57422,107],{"class":73},[59,57424,57425],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57426,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,57428,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57430,715],{"class":135},[59,57432,139],{"class":73},[59,57434,143],{"class":142},[59,57436,358],{"class":73},[59,57438,41059],{"class":142},[59,57440,139],{"class":73},[59,57442,78],{"class":77},[59,57444,102],{"class":81},[59,57446,78],{"class":77},[59,57448,5369],{"class":73},[59,57450,57451],{"class":3678},"   # 2\n",[59,57453,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,57455,715],{"class":135},[59,57457,139],{"class":73},[59,57459,143],{"class":142},[59,57461,358],{"class":73},[59,57463,41059],{"class":142},[59,57465,139],{"class":73},[59,57467,78],{"class":77},[59,57469,82],{"class":81},[59,57471,78],{"class":77},[59,57473,5369],{"class":73},[59,57475,57476],{"class":3678},"    # 1\n",[59,57478,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,57480,715],{"class":135},[59,57482,139],{"class":73},[59,57484,143],{"class":142},[59,57486,358],{"class":73},[59,57488,41059],{"class":142},[59,57490,139],{"class":73},[59,57492,78],{"class":77},[59,57494,22519],{"class":81},[59,57496,78],{"class":77},[59,57498,5369],{"class":73},[59,57500,57501],{"class":3678}," # 0\n",[20,57503,57504,57505,57507,57508,57510,57511,358],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57506,57096],{}," works, but using ",[15,57509,132],{}," is often simpler. See ",[354,57512,6204],{"href":6203},[45,57514,57516],{"id":57515},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57518,57519,57521],{},[15,57520,57101],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57523,57524],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57526,43451],{},[29,57528,57529,57532,57535,57542],{},[32,57530,57531],{},"matches are based on equality",[32,57533,57534],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[32,57536,57537,4408,57539,57541],{},[15,57538,187],{},[15,57540,3619],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[32,57543,57544],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1127,57546,57548],{"id":57547},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[50,57550,57552],{"className":52,"code":57551,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57553,57554,57587,57611],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57555,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57557,4085],{"class":65},[59,57559,70],{"class":69},[59,57561,74],{"class":73},[59,57563,78],{"class":77},[59,57565,588],{"class":81},[59,57567,78],{"class":77},[59,57569,87],{"class":73},[59,57571,90],{"class":77},[59,57573,57574],{"class":81},"Apple",[59,57576,78],{"class":77},[59,57578,87],{"class":73},[59,57580,90],{"class":77},[59,57582,588],{"class":81},[59,57584,78],{"class":77},[59,57586,107],{"class":73},[59,57588,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57590,715],{"class":135},[59,57592,139],{"class":73},[59,57594,4127],{"class":142},[59,57596,358],{"class":73},[59,57598,41059],{"class":142},[59,57600,139],{"class":73},[59,57602,78],{"class":77},[59,57604,588],{"class":81},[59,57606,78],{"class":77},[59,57608,5369],{"class":73},[59,57610,51219],{"class":3678},[59,57612,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57614,715],{"class":135},[59,57616,139],{"class":73},[59,57618,4127],{"class":142},[59,57620,358],{"class":73},[59,57622,41059],{"class":142},[59,57624,139],{"class":73},[59,57626,78],{"class":77},[59,57628,57574],{"class":81},[59,57630,78],{"class":77},[59,57632,5369],{"class":73},[59,57634,27770],{"class":3678},[20,57636,57637,4408,57640,57643],{},[15,57638,57639],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57641,57642],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1127,57645,57647,4408,57649,57651],{"id":57646},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57648,187],{},[15,57650,3619],{}," can match",[50,57653,57655],{"className":52,"code":57654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57656,57657,57681,57701],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57658,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57660,3837],{"class":65},[59,57662,70],{"class":69},[59,57664,74],{"class":73},[59,57666,187],{"class":178},[59,57668,87],{"class":73},[59,57670,3930],{"class":3867},[59,57672,87],{"class":73},[59,57674,3009],{"class":178},[59,57676,87],{"class":73},[59,57678,5506],{"class":178},[59,57680,107],{"class":73},[59,57682,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57684,715],{"class":135},[59,57686,139],{"class":73},[59,57688,5366],{"class":142},[59,57690,358],{"class":73},[59,57692,41059],{"class":142},[59,57694,139],{"class":73},[59,57696,187],{"class":178},[59,57698,5369],{"class":73},[59,57700,50722],{"class":3678},[59,57702,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57704,715],{"class":135},[59,57706,139],{"class":73},[59,57708,5366],{"class":142},[59,57710,358],{"class":73},[59,57712,41059],{"class":142},[59,57714,139],{"class":73},[59,57716,3619],{"class":3867},[59,57718,5369],{"class":73},[59,57720,50574],{"class":3678},[20,57722,4425],{},[20,57724,57725],{},"In Python:",[29,57727,57728,57733],{},[32,57729,57730],{},[15,57731,57732],{},"True == 1",[32,57734,57735],{},[15,57736,57737],{},"False == 0",[20,57739,53458,57740,57742],{},[15,57741,57096],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1127,57744,57746],{"id":57745},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[50,57748,57750],{"className":52,"code":57749,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57751,57752,57794],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57753,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57755,1251],{"class":65},[59,57757,70],{"class":69},[59,57759,56099],{"class":73},[59,57761,187],{"class":178},[59,57763,87],{"class":73},[59,57765,3009],{"class":178},[59,57767,1697],{"class":73},[59,57769,74],{"class":73},[59,57771,950],{"class":178},[59,57773,87],{"class":73},[59,57775,2475],{"class":178},[59,57777,1697],{"class":73},[59,57779,74],{"class":73},[59,57781,187],{"class":178},[59,57783,87],{"class":73},[59,57785,3009],{"class":178},[59,57787,1697],{"class":73},[59,57789,74],{"class":73},[59,57791,187],{"class":178},[59,57793,53047],{"class":73},[59,57795,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57797,715],{"class":135},[59,57799,139],{"class":73},[59,57801,1297],{"class":142},[59,57803,358],{"class":73},[59,57805,41059],{"class":142},[59,57807,1629],{"class":73},[59,57809,187],{"class":178},[59,57811,87],{"class":73},[59,57813,3009],{"class":178},[59,57815,4752],{"class":73},[59,57817,51219],{"class":3678},[20,57819,57820],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[45,57822,57824],{"id":57823},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1127,57826,57828],{"id":57827},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[50,57830,57832],{"className":52,"code":57831,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57833,57834,57862,57880,57884],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57835,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57837,664],{"class":65},[59,57839,70],{"class":69},[59,57841,74],{"class":73},[59,57843,671],{"class":178},[59,57845,87],{"class":73},[59,57847,676],{"class":178},[59,57849,87],{"class":73},[59,57851,741],{"class":178},[59,57853,87],{"class":73},[59,57855,681],{"class":178},[59,57857,87],{"class":73},[59,57859,741],{"class":178},[59,57861,107],{"class":73},[59,57863,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57865,692],{"class":65},[59,57867,70],{"class":69},[59,57869,4277],{"class":65},[59,57871,358],{"class":73},[59,57873,41059],{"class":142},[59,57875,139],{"class":73},[59,57877,671],{"class":178},[59,57879,165],{"class":73},[59,57881,57882],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57883,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,57885,57886,57888,57890,57892],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,57887,715],{"class":135},[59,57889,139],{"class":73},[59,57891,720],{"class":142},[59,57893,165],{"class":73},[20,57895,168],{},[50,57897,57898],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,57899,57900],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57901,57902],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57903,46419],{"class":178},[1127,57905,57907],{"id":57906},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[50,57909,57911],{"className":52,"code":57910,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57912,57913,57955,57977,57981],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57914,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57951,57953],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,57916,4085],{"class":65},[59,57918,70],{"class":69},[59,57920,74],{"class":73},[59,57922,78],{"class":77},[59,57924,1439],{"class":81},[59,57926,78],{"class":77},[59,57928,87],{"class":73},[59,57930,90],{"class":77},[59,57932,57933],{"class":81},"dog",[59,57935,78],{"class":77},[59,57937,87],{"class":73},[59,57939,90],{"class":77},[59,57941,1439],{"class":81},[59,57943,78],{"class":77},[59,57945,87],{"class":73},[59,57947,90],{"class":77},[59,57949,57950],{"class":81},"bird",[59,57952,78],{"class":77},[59,57954,107],{"class":73},[59,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,57958,692],{"class":65},[59,57960,70],{"class":69},[59,57962,6174],{"class":65},[59,57964,358],{"class":73},[59,57966,41059],{"class":142},[59,57968,139],{"class":73},[59,57970,78],{"class":77},[59,57972,1439],{"class":81},[59,57974,78],{"class":77},[59,57976,165],{"class":73},[59,57978,57979],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,57980,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,57982,57983,57985,57987,57989],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,57984,715],{"class":135},[59,57986,139],{"class":73},[59,57988,720],{"class":142},[59,57990,165],{"class":73},[20,57992,168],{},[50,57994,57995],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,57996,57997],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,57998,57999],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58000,17056],{"class":178},[1127,58002,58004],{"id":58003},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[50,58006,58008],{"className":52,"code":58007,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58009,58010,58034,58052,58056],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58011,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58013,664],{"class":65},[59,58015,70],{"class":69},[59,58017,74],{"class":73},[59,58019,187],{"class":178},[59,58021,87],{"class":73},[59,58023,3009],{"class":178},[59,58025,87],{"class":73},[59,58027,2469],{"class":178},[59,58029,87],{"class":73},[59,58031,2475],{"class":178},[59,58033,107],{"class":73},[59,58035,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58037,692],{"class":65},[59,58039,70],{"class":69},[59,58041,4277],{"class":65},[59,58043,358],{"class":73},[59,58045,41059],{"class":142},[59,58047,139],{"class":73},[59,58049,2159],{"class":178},[59,58051,165],{"class":73},[59,58053,58054],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,58055,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,58059,715],{"class":135},[59,58061,139],{"class":73},[59,58063,720],{"class":142},[59,58065,165],{"class":73},[20,58067,168],{},[50,58069,58070],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,58071,58072],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58073,58074],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58075,47054],{"class":178},[1127,58077,58079],{"id":58078},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[50,58081,58083],{"className":52,"code":58082,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58084,58085,58131,58153,58157],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58086,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58088,9170],{"class":65},[59,58090,70],{"class":69},[59,58092,56099],{"class":73},[59,58094,187],{"class":178},[59,58096,87],{"class":73},[59,58098,3009],{"class":178},[59,58100,1697],{"class":73},[59,58102,74],{"class":73},[59,58104,187],{"class":178},[59,58106,87],{"class":73},[59,58108,3009],{"class":178},[59,58110,1697],{"class":73},[59,58112,74],{"class":73},[59,58114,195],{"class":178},[59,58116,87],{"class":73},[59,58118,2469],{"class":178},[59,58120,1697],{"class":73},[59,58122,74],{"class":73},[59,58124,187],{"class":178},[59,58126,87],{"class":73},[59,58128,3009],{"class":178},[59,58130,53047],{"class":73},[59,58132,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58134,692],{"class":65},[59,58136,70],{"class":69},[59,58138,14566],{"class":65},[59,58140,358],{"class":73},[59,58142,41059],{"class":142},[59,58144,1629],{"class":73},[59,58146,187],{"class":178},[59,58148,87],{"class":73},[59,58150,3009],{"class":178},[59,58152,3902],{"class":73},[59,58154,58155],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,58156,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,58158,58159,58161,58163,58165],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,58160,715],{"class":135},[59,58162,139],{"class":73},[59,58164,720],{"class":142},[59,58166,165],{"class":73},[20,58168,168],{},[50,58170,58171],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,58172,58173],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58174,58175],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58176,46419],{"class":178},[45,58178,776,58180],{"id":58179},"when-to-use-count",[15,58181,57096],{},[20,58183,201,58184,58186],{},[15,58185,57096],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58188,58189],{},"Good use cases:",[29,58191,58192,58195,58198],{},[32,58193,58194],{},"counting one specific item",[32,58196,58197],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[32,58199,58200],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58202,239],{},[50,58204,58206],{"className":52,"code":58205,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58207,58208,58249,58273,58277],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58209,58210,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58211,58212],{"class":65},"votes ",[59,58214,70],{"class":69},[59,58216,74],{"class":73},[59,58218,78],{"class":77},[59,58220,8662],{"class":81},[59,58222,78],{"class":77},[59,58224,87],{"class":73},[59,58226,90],{"class":77},[59,58228,8601],{"class":81},[59,58230,78],{"class":77},[59,58232,87],{"class":73},[59,58234,90],{"class":77},[59,58236,8662],{"class":81},[59,58238,78],{"class":77},[59,58240,87],{"class":73},[59,58242,90],{"class":77},[59,58244,8662],{"class":81},[59,58246,78],{"class":77},[59,58248,107],{"class":73},[59,58250,58251,58254,58256,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58252,58253],{"class":65},"yes_votes ",[59,58255,70],{"class":69},[59,58257,58258],{"class":65}," votes",[59,58260,358],{"class":73},[59,58262,41059],{"class":142},[59,58264,139],{"class":73},[59,58266,78],{"class":77},[59,58268,8662],{"class":81},[59,58270,78],{"class":77},[59,58272,165],{"class":73},[59,58274,58275],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,58276,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,58278,58279,58281,58283,58286],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,58280,715],{"class":135},[59,58282,139],{"class":73},[59,58284,58285],{"class":142},"yes_votes",[59,58287,165],{"class":73},[20,58289,58290,58292],{},[15,58291,57096],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58294,58295,58296,4408,58298,358],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[354,58297,52576],{"href":50783},[354,58299,58301],{"href":58300},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[45,58303,1579],{"id":1578},[20,58305,8450,58306,358],{},[15,58307,57101],{},[1127,58309,58311],{"id":58310},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58313,58314,58316],{},[15,58315,57101],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[50,58318,58320],{"className":52,"code":58319,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58321,58322,58355],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58323,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58325,4085],{"class":65},[59,58327,70],{"class":69},[59,58329,74],{"class":73},[59,58331,78],{"class":77},[59,58333,58334],{"class":81},"apple pie",[59,58336,78],{"class":77},[59,58338,87],{"class":73},[59,58340,90],{"class":77},[59,58342,597],{"class":81},[59,58344,78],{"class":77},[59,58346,87],{"class":73},[59,58348,90],{"class":77},[59,58350,58334],{"class":81},[59,58352,78],{"class":77},[59,58354,107],{"class":73},[59,58356,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58358,715],{"class":135},[59,58360,139],{"class":73},[59,58362,4127],{"class":142},[59,58364,358],{"class":73},[59,58366,41059],{"class":142},[59,58368,139],{"class":73},[59,58370,78],{"class":77},[59,58372,588],{"class":81},[59,58374,78],{"class":77},[59,58376,5369],{"class":73},[59,58378,51051],{"class":3678},[20,58380,2506,58381,1905],{},[15,58382,179],{},[20,58384,1397,58385,58387,58388,358],{},[15,58386,57639],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58389,58390],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58392,58393,58394,358],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58395,58396],{},"str.count()",[1127,58398,8456,58400,8459,58402,2896,58404],{"id":58399},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58401,57096],{},[15,58403,3619],{},[15,58405,3689],{},[20,58407,58408,58410],{},[15,58409,57096],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[50,58412,58414],{"className":52,"code":58413,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58415,58416,58440],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58417,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58419,664],{"class":65},[59,58421,70],{"class":69},[59,58423,74],{"class":73},[59,58425,187],{"class":178},[59,58427,87],{"class":73},[59,58429,3009],{"class":178},[59,58431,87],{"class":73},[59,58433,3009],{"class":178},[59,58435,87],{"class":73},[59,58437,2469],{"class":178},[59,58439,107],{"class":73},[59,58441,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58443,715],{"class":135},[59,58445,139],{"class":73},[59,58447,707],{"class":142},[59,58449,358],{"class":73},[59,58451,41059],{"class":142},[59,58453,139],{"class":73},[59,58455,195],{"class":178},[59,58457,5369],{"class":73},[59,58459,51219],{"class":3678},[20,58461,58462],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[50,58464,58466],{"className":52,"code":58465,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58467,58468],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58469,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58471,715],{"class":135},[59,58473,139],{"class":73},[59,58475,195],{"class":178},[59,58477,21173],{"class":120},[59,58479,4277],{"class":142},[59,58481,3675],{"class":73},[59,58483,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,58485,58487],{"id":58486},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[50,58489,58491],{"className":52,"code":58490,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58492,58493,58526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58494,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58522,58524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58496,249],{"class":65},[59,58498,70],{"class":69},[59,58500,74],{"class":73},[59,58502,78],{"class":77},[59,58504,7685],{"class":81},[59,58506,78],{"class":77},[59,58508,87],{"class":73},[59,58510,90],{"class":77},[59,58512,20217],{"class":81},[59,58514,78],{"class":77},[59,58516,87],{"class":73},[59,58518,90],{"class":77},[59,58520,58521],{"class":81},"SAM",[59,58523,78],{"class":77},[59,58525,107],{"class":73},[59,58527,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58529,715],{"class":135},[59,58531,139],{"class":73},[59,58533,304],{"class":142},[59,58535,358],{"class":73},[59,58537,41059],{"class":142},[59,58539,139],{"class":73},[59,58541,78],{"class":77},[59,58543,20217],{"class":81},[59,58545,78],{"class":77},[59,58547,5369],{"class":73},[59,58549,27770],{"class":3678},[20,58551,58552,58553,58556],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58554,58555],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1127,58558,29638,58560,33536],{"id":58559},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58561,57096],{},[20,58563,58564],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[50,58566,58568],{"className":52,"code":58567,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58569,58570,58580,58594,58612,58626,58638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58571,58572,58574,58576,58578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58573,715],{"class":135},[59,58575,139],{"class":73},[59,58577,8344],{"class":142},[59,58579,165],{"class":73},[59,58581,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58583,715],{"class":135},[59,58585,139],{"class":73},[59,58587,3239],{"class":697},[59,58589,139],{"class":73},[59,58591,8344],{"class":142},[59,58593,710],{"class":73},[59,58595,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,58597,715],{"class":135},[59,58599,139],{"class":73},[59,58601,8344],{"class":142},[59,58603,358],{"class":73},[59,58605,41059],{"class":142},[59,58607,139],{"class":73},[59,58609,1217],{"class":142},[59,58611,710],{"class":73},[59,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,58615,715],{"class":135},[59,58617,139],{"class":73},[59,58619,2464],{"class":142},[59,58621,132],{"class":120},[59,58623,8400],{"class":142},[59,58625,165],{"class":73},[59,58627,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,58629,121],{"class":120},[59,58631,1288],{"class":65},[59,58633,132],{"class":120},[59,58635,8400],{"class":65},[59,58637,1561],{"class":73},[59,58639,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,58641,152],{"class":135},[59,58643,139],{"class":73},[59,58645,41579],{"class":135},[59,58647,139],{"class":73},[59,58649,23304],{"class":142},[59,58651,710],{"class":73},[20,58653,58654],{},"These checks can help you see:",[29,58656,58657,58660,58663],{},[32,58658,58659],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[32,58661,58662],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[32,58664,58665],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58667,58668],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[29,58670,58671,58676,58679,58686],{},[32,58672,50295,58673,58675],{},[15,58674,57096],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[32,58677,58678],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[32,58680,11108,58681,58683,58684],{},[15,58682,57101],{}," with string ",[15,58685,57096],{},[32,58687,58688],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[45,58690,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,58692,1882,58694,58696],{"id":58693},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58695,57101],{}," change the list?",[20,58698,58699],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1127,58701,58703],{"id":58702},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58705,11913,58706,358],{},[15,58707,179],{},[1127,58709,1914,58711,58713],{"id":58710},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58712,57101],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58715,58716],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1127,58718,14903,58720,58722],{"id":58719},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58721,57101],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58724,41952,58725,4408,58727,58729],{},[15,58726,57642],{},[15,58728,57639],{}," are different values.",[1127,58731,5169,58733,58735,58736,1905],{"id":58732},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58734,3619],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58737,187],{},[20,58739,8789,58740,58742,58743,4408,58745,58742,58747,358],{},[15,58741,3619],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58744,187],{},[15,58746,3689],{},[15,58748,179],{},[45,58750,1927],{"id":1926},[29,58752,58753,58757,58763,58767,58775,58782],{},[32,58754,58755],{},[354,58756,52576],{"href":50783},[32,58758,58759],{},[354,58760,58762],{"href":58761},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[32,58764,58765],{},[354,58766,6942],{"href":6203},[32,58768,58769],{},[354,58770,55325,58772,10742],{"href":58771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58773,58774],{},"index()",[32,58776,58777],{},[354,58778,13,58780],{"href":58779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58781,42161],{},[32,58783,58784],{},[354,58785,58786],{"href":58300},"What is a list in Python",[1953,58788,58789],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":58791},[58792,58793,58795,58796,58797,58803,58809,58811,58819,58830],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":57193,"depth":110,"text":58794},"What list.count() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":37817,"depth":110,"text":37818},{"id":57515,"depth":110,"text":57516,"children":58798},[58799,58800,58802],{"id":57547,"depth":117,"text":57548},{"id":57646,"depth":117,"text":58801},"1 and True can match",{"id":57745,"depth":117,"text":57746},{"id":57823,"depth":110,"text":57824,"children":58804},[58805,58806,58807,58808],{"id":57827,"depth":117,"text":57828},{"id":57906,"depth":117,"text":57907},{"id":58003,"depth":117,"text":58004},{"id":58078,"depth":117,"text":58079},{"id":58179,"depth":110,"text":58810},"When to use count()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":58812},[58813,58814,58816,58817],{"id":58310,"depth":117,"text":58311},{"id":58399,"depth":117,"text":58815},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58486,"depth":117,"text":58487},{"id":58559,"depth":117,"text":58818},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":58820},[58821,58823,58824,58826,58828],{"id":58693,"depth":117,"text":58822},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58702,"depth":117,"text":58703},{"id":58710,"depth":117,"text":58825},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58719,"depth":117,"text":58827},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58732,"depth":117,"text":58829},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57088,"description":58831},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58838,"title":58839,"body":58840,"description":60803,"extension":1988,"meta":60804,"navigation":113,"path":60805,"seo":60806,"stem":60807,"__hash__":60808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58841,"toc":60766},[58842,58845,58848,58850,58978,58982,59063,59074,59076,59095,59099,59102,59105,59123,59125,59168,59172,59197,59206,59210,59215,59218,59335,59339,59408,59412,59424,59428,59431,59472,59476,59489,59492,59577,59581,59614,59621,59627,59632,59634,59646,59650,59683,59687,59719,59723,59760,59764,59784,59788,59822,59826,59855,59866,59870,59873,59876,59889,59946,59950,59989,59995,59998,60000,60003,60007,60010,60035,60037,60062,60069,60072,60117,60121,60140,60143,60182,60189,60194,60228,60232,60333,60340,60373,60377,60403,60407,60410,60448,60451,60488,60492,60495,60514,60518,60579,60581,60599,60603,60606,60609,60638,60640,60644,60647,60655,60659,60662,60682,60688,60694,60698,60701,60708,60716,60718,60757,60763],[10,58843,58839],{"id":58844},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58846,58847],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[45,58849,3624],{"id":3623},[50,58851,58853],{"className":52,"code":58852,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58854,58855,58875,58907,58915,58933,58937,58947,58957,58968],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58858,664],{"class":65},[59,58860,70],{"class":69},[59,58862,74],{"class":73},[59,58864,187],{"class":178},[59,58866,87],{"class":73},[59,58868,3009],{"class":178},[59,58870,87],{"class":73},[59,58872,2469],{"class":178},[59,58874,107],{"class":73},[59,58876,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,58878,249],{"class":65},[59,58880,70],{"class":69},[59,58882,74],{"class":73},[59,58884,78],{"class":77},[59,58886,258],{"class":81},[59,58888,78],{"class":77},[59,58890,87],{"class":73},[59,58892,90],{"class":77},[59,58894,267],{"class":81},[59,58896,78],{"class":77},[59,58898,87],{"class":73},[59,58900,90],{"class":77},[59,58902,276],{"class":81},[59,58904,78],{"class":77},[59,58906,107],{"class":73},[59,58908,58909,58911,58913],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,58910,55736],{"class":65},[59,58912,70],{"class":69},[59,58914,7844],{"class":73},[59,58916,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,58918,425],{"class":65},[59,58920,70],{"class":69},[59,58922,698],{"class":697},[59,58924,139],{"class":73},[59,58926,78],{"class":77},[59,58928,41360],{"class":81},[59,58930,78],{"class":77},[59,58932,165],{"class":73},[59,58934,58935],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,58936,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,58938,58939,58941,58943,58945],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,58940,715],{"class":135},[59,58942,139],{"class":73},[59,58944,707],{"class":142},[59,58946,165],{"class":73},[59,58948,58949,58951,58953,58955],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,58950,715],{"class":135},[59,58952,139],{"class":73},[59,58954,304],{"class":142},[59,58956,165],{"class":73},[59,58958,58959,58961,58963,58966],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,58960,715],{"class":135},[59,58962,139],{"class":73},[59,58964,58965],{"class":142},"empty_list",[59,58967,165],{"class":73},[59,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,58971,715],{"class":135},[59,58973,139],{"class":73},[59,58975,480],{"class":142},[59,58977,165],{"class":73},[20,58979,58980],{},[549,58981,168],{},[50,58983,58985],{"className":52,"code":58984,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58986,58987,59003,59031,59035],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,58988,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,58990,3914],{"class":73},[59,58992,187],{"class":178},[59,58994,87],{"class":73},[59,58996,3009],{"class":178},[59,58998,87],{"class":73},[59,59000,2469],{"class":178},[59,59002,107],{"class":73},[59,59004,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59006,3914],{"class":73},[59,59008,1725],{"class":77},[59,59010,258],{"class":81},[59,59012,1725],{"class":77},[59,59014,87],{"class":73},[59,59016,1734],{"class":77},[59,59018,267],{"class":81},[59,59020,1725],{"class":77},[59,59022,87],{"class":73},[59,59024,1734],{"class":77},[59,59026,276],{"class":81},[59,59028,1725],{"class":77},[59,59030,107],{"class":73},[59,59032,59033],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59034,38095],{"class":73},[59,59036,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,59038,3914],{"class":73},[59,59040,1725],{"class":77},[59,59042,354],{"class":81},[59,59044,1725],{"class":77},[59,59046,87],{"class":73},[59,59048,1734],{"class":77},[59,59050,442],{"class":81},[59,59052,1725],{"class":77},[59,59054,87],{"class":73},[59,59056,1734],{"class":77},[59,59058,451],{"class":81},[59,59060,1725],{"class":77},[59,59062,107],{"class":73},[20,59064,59065,59066,59068,59069,59071,59072,358],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59067,3801],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59070,24773],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59073,535],{},[45,59075,15163],{"id":15162},[29,59077,59078,59081,59084,59087,59092],{},[32,59079,59080],{},"What a list is in Python",[32,59082,59083],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[32,59085,59086],{},"How to create an empty list",[32,59088,59089,59090,2320],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59091,24773],{},[32,59093,59094],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[45,59096,59098],{"id":59097},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59100,59101],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59103,59104],{},"This means:",[29,59106,59107,59110,59113,59116],{},[32,59108,59109],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[32,59111,59112],{},"The order of items is kept",[32,59114,59115],{},"A list can hold different data types",[32,59117,59118,59119,59122],{},"A list is ",[549,59120,59121],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59124,239],{},[50,59126,59128],{"className":52,"code":59127,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59129,59130,59154,59158],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59133,1251],{"class":65},[59,59135,70],{"class":69},[59,59137,74],{"class":73},[59,59139,78],{"class":77},[59,59141,588],{"class":81},[59,59143,78],{"class":77},[59,59145,87],{"class":73},[59,59147,741],{"class":178},[59,59149,87],{"class":73},[59,59151,3930],{"class":3867},[59,59153,107],{"class":73},[59,59155,59156],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59157,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59159,59160,59162,59164,59166],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59161,715],{"class":135},[59,59163,139],{"class":73},[59,59165,1297],{"class":142},[59,59167,165],{"class":73},[20,59169,59170],{},[549,59171,168],{},[50,59173,59175],{"className":52,"code":59174,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59176,59177],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59178,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59180,3914],{"class":73},[59,59182,1725],{"class":77},[59,59184,588],{"class":81},[59,59186,1725],{"class":77},[59,59188,87],{"class":73},[59,59190,741],{"class":178},[59,59192,87],{"class":73},[59,59194,3930],{"class":3867},[59,59196,107],{"class":73},[20,59198,59199,59200,2896,59203,358],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[354,59201,59202],{"href":50783},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[354,59204,59205],{"href":58300},"What is a List in Python?",[45,59207,59209],{"id":59208},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59211,59065,59212,59214],{},[15,59213,3801],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59216,59217],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[50,59219,59221],{"className":52,"code":59220,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59222,59223,59243,59275,59300,59304,59314,59324],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59224,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59226,664],{"class":65},[59,59228,70],{"class":69},[59,59230,74],{"class":73},[59,59232,187],{"class":178},[59,59234,87],{"class":73},[59,59236,3009],{"class":178},[59,59238,87],{"class":73},[59,59240,2469],{"class":178},[59,59242,107],{"class":73},[59,59244,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59246,249],{"class":65},[59,59248,70],{"class":69},[59,59250,74],{"class":73},[59,59252,78],{"class":77},[59,59254,258],{"class":81},[59,59256,78],{"class":77},[59,59258,87],{"class":73},[59,59260,90],{"class":77},[59,59262,267],{"class":81},[59,59264,78],{"class":77},[59,59266,87],{"class":73},[59,59268,90],{"class":77},[59,59270,276],{"class":81},[59,59272,78],{"class":77},[59,59274,107],{"class":73},[59,59276,59277,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59278,59279],{"class":65},"mixed ",[59,59281,70],{"class":69},[59,59283,74],{"class":73},[59,59285,671],{"class":178},[59,59287,87],{"class":73},[59,59289,90],{"class":77},[59,59291,3860],{"class":81},[59,59293,78],{"class":77},[59,59295,87],{"class":73},[59,59297,3921],{"class":3867},[59,59299,107],{"class":73},[59,59301,59302],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,59303,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,59307,715],{"class":135},[59,59309,139],{"class":73},[59,59311,707],{"class":142},[59,59313,165],{"class":73},[59,59315,59316,59318,59320,59322],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,59317,715],{"class":135},[59,59319,139],{"class":73},[59,59321,304],{"class":142},[59,59323,165],{"class":73},[59,59325,59326,59328,59330,59333],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,59327,715],{"class":135},[59,59329,139],{"class":73},[59,59331,59332],{"class":142},"mixed",[59,59334,165],{"class":73},[20,59336,59337],{},[549,59338,168],{},[50,59340,59342],{"className":52,"code":59341,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59343,59344,59360,59388],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59345,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59347,3914],{"class":73},[59,59349,187],{"class":178},[59,59351,87],{"class":73},[59,59353,3009],{"class":178},[59,59355,87],{"class":73},[59,59357,2469],{"class":178},[59,59359,107],{"class":73},[59,59361,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59363,3914],{"class":73},[59,59365,1725],{"class":77},[59,59367,258],{"class":81},[59,59369,1725],{"class":77},[59,59371,87],{"class":73},[59,59373,1734],{"class":77},[59,59375,267],{"class":81},[59,59377,1725],{"class":77},[59,59379,87],{"class":73},[59,59381,1734],{"class":77},[59,59383,276],{"class":81},[59,59385,1725],{"class":77},[59,59387,107],{"class":73},[59,59389,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59391,3914],{"class":73},[59,59393,671],{"class":178},[59,59395,87],{"class":73},[59,59397,1734],{"class":77},[59,59399,3860],{"class":81},[59,59401,1725],{"class":77},[59,59403,87],{"class":73},[59,59405,3921],{"class":3867},[59,59407,107],{"class":73},[1127,59409,59411],{"id":59410},"key-points","Key points",[29,59413,59414,59419,59421],{},[32,59415,201,59416,59418],{},[15,59417,3801],{}," to make a new list",[32,59420,15433],{},[32,59422,59423],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[45,59425,59427],{"id":59426},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59429,59430],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[50,59432,59434],{"className":52,"code":59433,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59435,59436,59444,59448,59458],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59437,59438,59440,59442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59439,8313],{"class":65},[59,59441,70],{"class":69},[59,59443,7844],{"class":73},[59,59445,59446],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59447,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59449,59450,59452,59454,59456],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59451,715],{"class":135},[59,59453,139],{"class":73},[59,59455,8344],{"class":142},[59,59457,165],{"class":73},[59,59459,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,59461,715],{"class":135},[59,59463,139],{"class":73},[59,59465,11163],{"class":135},[59,59467,139],{"class":73},[59,59469,8344],{"class":142},[59,59471,710],{"class":73},[20,59473,59474],{},[549,59475,168],{},[50,59477,59479],{"className":52,"code":59478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[]\n0\n",[15,59480,59481,59485],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59482,59483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59484,38095],{"class":73},[59,59486,59487],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59488,47054],{"class":178},[20,59490,59491],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[50,59493,59495],{"className":52,"code":59494,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59496,59497,59505,59509,59527,59545,59563,59567],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59498,59499,59501,59503],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59500,249],{"class":65},[59,59502,70],{"class":69},[59,59504,7844],{"class":73},[59,59506,59507],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59508,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59512,304],{"class":65},[59,59514,358],{"class":73},[59,59516,13552],{"class":142},[59,59518,139],{"class":73},[59,59520,78],{"class":77},[59,59522,258],{"class":81},[59,59524,78],{"class":77},[59,59526,165],{"class":73},[59,59528,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,59530,304],{"class":65},[59,59532,358],{"class":73},[59,59534,13552],{"class":142},[59,59536,139],{"class":73},[59,59538,78],{"class":77},[59,59540,267],{"class":81},[59,59542,78],{"class":77},[59,59544,165],{"class":73},[59,59546,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,59548,304],{"class":65},[59,59550,358],{"class":73},[59,59552,13552],{"class":142},[59,59554,139],{"class":73},[59,59556,78],{"class":77},[59,59558,276],{"class":81},[59,59560,78],{"class":77},[59,59562,165],{"class":73},[59,59564,59565],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,59566,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59568,59569,59571,59573,59575],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,59570,715],{"class":135},[59,59572,139],{"class":73},[59,59574,304],{"class":142},[59,59576,165],{"class":73},[20,59578,59579],{},[549,59580,168],{},[50,59582,59584],{"className":52,"code":59583,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59585,59586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59587,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59589,3914],{"class":73},[59,59591,1725],{"class":77},[59,59593,258],{"class":81},[59,59595,1725],{"class":77},[59,59597,87],{"class":73},[59,59599,1734],{"class":77},[59,59601,267],{"class":81},[59,59603,1725],{"class":77},[59,59605,87],{"class":73},[59,59607,1734],{"class":77},[59,59609,276],{"class":81},[59,59611,1725],{"class":77},[59,59613,107],{"class":73},[20,59615,59616,59617,358],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[354,59618,59619,10742],{"href":56574},[15,59620,52457],{},[45,59622,59624,59625],{"id":59623},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59626,24773],{},[20,59628,201,59629,59631],{},[15,59630,24773],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59633,5465],{},[29,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642],{},[32,59637,230],{},[32,59639,227],{},[32,59641,5314],{},[32,59643,59644],{},[15,59645,535],{},[1127,59647,59649],{"id":59648},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[50,59651,59653],{"className":52,"code":59652,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59654,59655,59673],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59656,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59658,425],{"class":65},[59,59660,70],{"class":69},[59,59662,698],{"class":697},[59,59664,139],{"class":73},[59,59666,78],{"class":77},[59,59668,41360],{"class":81},[59,59670,78],{"class":77},[59,59672,165],{"class":73},[59,59674,59675,59677,59679,59681],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59676,715],{"class":135},[59,59678,139],{"class":73},[59,59680,480],{"class":142},[59,59682,165],{"class":73},[20,59684,59685],{},[549,59686,168],{},[50,59688,59689],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,59690,59691],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59692,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59694,3914],{"class":73},[59,59696,1725],{"class":77},[59,59698,354],{"class":81},[59,59700,1725],{"class":77},[59,59702,87],{"class":73},[59,59704,1734],{"class":77},[59,59706,442],{"class":81},[59,59708,1725],{"class":77},[59,59710,87],{"class":73},[59,59712,1734],{"class":77},[59,59714,451],{"class":81},[59,59716,1725],{"class":77},[59,59718,107],{"class":73},[1127,59720,59722],{"id":59721},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[50,59724,59726],{"className":52,"code":59725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59727,59728,59750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59729,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59731,664],{"class":65},[59,59733,70],{"class":69},[59,59735,698],{"class":697},[59,59737,5519],{"class":73},[59,59739,187],{"class":178},[59,59741,87],{"class":73},[59,59743,3009],{"class":178},[59,59745,87],{"class":73},[59,59747,2469],{"class":178},[59,59749,710],{"class":73},[59,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59753,715],{"class":135},[59,59755,139],{"class":73},[59,59757,707],{"class":142},[59,59759,165],{"class":73},[20,59761,59762],{},[549,59763,168],{},[50,59765,59766],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,59767,59768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59769,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59771,3914],{"class":73},[59,59773,187],{"class":178},[59,59775,87],{"class":73},[59,59777,3009],{"class":178},[59,59779,87],{"class":73},[59,59781,2469],{"class":178},[59,59783,107],{"class":73},[1127,59785,59787],{"id":59786},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[50,59789,59791],{"className":52,"code":59790,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59792,59793,59812],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59794,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59806,59808,59810],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59796,3837],{"class":65},[59,59798,70],{"class":69},[59,59800,698],{"class":697},[59,59802,139],{"class":73},[59,59804,59805],{"class":135},"range",[59,59807,139],{"class":73},[59,59809,2159],{"class":178},[59,59811,710],{"class":73},[59,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59815,715],{"class":135},[59,59817,139],{"class":73},[59,59819,5366],{"class":142},[59,59821,165],{"class":73},[20,59823,59824],{},[549,59825,168],{},[50,59827,59829],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59830,59831],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59832,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59834,3914],{"class":73},[59,59836,179],{"class":178},[59,59838,87],{"class":73},[59,59840,5506],{"class":178},[59,59842,87],{"class":73},[59,59844,3009],{"class":178},[59,59846,87],{"class":73},[59,59848,2469],{"class":178},[59,59850,87],{"class":73},[59,59852,2475],{"class":178},[59,59854,107],{"class":73},[20,59856,59857,59859,59860,358],{},[15,59858,24773],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[354,59861,59863,59865],{"href":59862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59864,24773],{},": Function Explained",[45,59867,59869],{"id":59868},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59871,59872],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59874,59875],{},"Examples include:",[29,59877,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{},[32,59879,230],{},[32,59881,40223],{},[32,59883,51850],{},[32,59885,40393],{},[32,59887,59888],{},"other lists",[50,59890,59892],{"className":52,"code":59891,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59893,59894,59932,59936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59895,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59897,9170],{"class":65},[59,59899,70],{"class":69},[59,59901,74],{"class":73},[59,59903,78],{"class":77},[59,59905,258],{"class":81},[59,59907,78],{"class":77},[59,59909,87],{"class":73},[59,59911,9306],{"class":178},[59,59913,87],{"class":73},[59,59915,3930],{"class":3867},[59,59917,87],{"class":73},[59,59919,74],{"class":73},[59,59921,187],{"class":178},[59,59923,87],{"class":73},[59,59925,3009],{"class":178},[59,59927,87],{"class":73},[59,59929,2469],{"class":178},[59,59931,53047],{"class":73},[59,59933,59934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,59935,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,59939,715],{"class":135},[59,59941,139],{"class":73},[59,59943,9208],{"class":142},[59,59945,165],{"class":73},[20,59947,59948],{},[549,59949,168],{},[50,59951,59953],{"className":52,"code":59952,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59954,59955],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,59956,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,59958,3914],{"class":73},[59,59960,1725],{"class":77},[59,59962,258],{"class":81},[59,59964,1725],{"class":77},[59,59966,87],{"class":73},[59,59968,9306],{"class":178},[59,59970,87],{"class":73},[59,59972,3930],{"class":3867},[59,59974,87],{"class":73},[59,59976,74],{"class":73},[59,59978,187],{"class":178},[59,59980,87],{"class":73},[59,59982,3009],{"class":178},[59,59984,87],{"class":73},[59,59986,2469],{"class":178},[59,59988,53047],{"class":73},[20,59990,59991,59992,358],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[549,59993,59994],{},"nested list",[20,59996,59997],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[45,59999,4534],{"id":4533},[20,60001,60002],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1127,60004,60006],{"id":60005},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60008,60009],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[50,60011,60013],{"className":52,"code":60012,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60014,60015,60019],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60016,60017],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60018,4551],{"class":3678},[59,60020,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60022,664],{"class":65},[59,60024,70],{"class":69},[59,60026,74],{"class":73},[59,60028,187],{"class":178},[59,60030,3009],{"class":178},[59,60032,2469],{"class":178},[59,60034,107],{"class":73},[20,60036,10809],{},[50,60038,60040],{"className":52,"code":60039,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60041,60042],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60043,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60045,664],{"class":65},[59,60047,70],{"class":69},[59,60049,74],{"class":73},[59,60051,187],{"class":178},[59,60053,87],{"class":73},[59,60055,3009],{"class":178},[59,60057,87],{"class":73},[59,60059,2469],{"class":178},[59,60061,107],{"class":73},[1127,60063,1599,60065,999,60067],{"id":60064},"using-instead-of",[15,60066,7373],{},[15,60068,3801],{},[20,60070,60071],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[50,60073,60075],{"className":52,"code":60074,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60076,60077,60098,60102],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60078,60079,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60080,60081],{"class":65},"my_values ",[59,60083,70],{"class":69},[59,60085,747],{"class":73},[59,60087,187],{"class":178},[59,60089,87],{"class":73},[59,60091,3009],{"class":178},[59,60093,87],{"class":73},[59,60095,2469],{"class":178},[59,60097,165],{"class":73},[59,60099,60100],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60101,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,60103,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60115],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,60105,715],{"class":135},[59,60107,139],{"class":73},[59,60109,3239],{"class":697},[59,60111,139],{"class":73},[59,60113,60114],{"class":142},"my_values",[59,60116,710],{"class":73},[20,60118,60119],{},[549,60120,168],{},[50,60122,60124],{"className":52,"code":60123,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60125,60126],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60127,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60129,1769],{"class":69},[59,60131,3310],{"class":887},[59,60133,1734],{"class":77},[59,60135,48756],{"class":81},[59,60137,1725],{"class":77},[59,60139,1788],{"class":69},[20,60141,60142],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[50,60144,60146],{"className":52,"code":60145,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60147,60148,60168],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60149,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60151,60081],{"class":65},[59,60153,70],{"class":69},[59,60155,74],{"class":73},[59,60157,187],{"class":178},[59,60159,87],{"class":73},[59,60161,3009],{"class":178},[59,60163,87],{"class":73},[59,60165,2469],{"class":178},[59,60167,107],{"class":73},[59,60169,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60171,715],{"class":135},[59,60173,139],{"class":73},[59,60175,3239],{"class":697},[59,60177,139],{"class":73},[59,60179,60114],{"class":142},[59,60181,710],{"class":73},[1127,60183,8456,60185,60188],{"id":60184},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60186,60187],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60190,60191,60193],{},[15,60192,24773],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[50,60195,60197],{"className":52,"code":60196,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60198,60199,60218],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60200,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60214,60216],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60202,692],{"class":65},[59,60204,70],{"class":69},[59,60206,698],{"class":697},[59,60208,139],{"class":73},[59,60210,78],{"class":77},[59,60212,60213],{"class":81},"hello world",[59,60215,78],{"class":77},[59,60217,165],{"class":73},[59,60219,60220,60222,60224,60226],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60221,715],{"class":135},[59,60223,139],{"class":73},[59,60225,720],{"class":142},[59,60227,165],{"class":73},[20,60229,60230],{},[549,60231,168],{},[50,60233,60235],{"className":52,"code":60234,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60236,60237],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60238,60239,60241,60243,60246,60248,60250,60252,60255,60257,60259,60261,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60240,3914],{"class":73},[59,60242,1725],{"class":77},[59,60244,60245],{"class":81},"h",[59,60247,1725],{"class":77},[59,60249,87],{"class":73},[59,60251,1734],{"class":77},[59,60253,60254],{"class":81},"e",[59,60256,1725],{"class":77},[59,60258,87],{"class":73},[59,60260,1734],{"class":77},[59,60262,60263],{"class":81},"l",[59,60265,1725],{"class":77},[59,60267,87],{"class":73},[59,60269,1734],{"class":77},[59,60271,60263],{"class":81},[59,60273,1725],{"class":77},[59,60275,87],{"class":73},[59,60277,1734],{"class":77},[59,60279,60280],{"class":81},"o",[59,60282,1725],{"class":77},[59,60284,87],{"class":73},[59,60286,1734],{"class":77},[59,60288,1734],{"class":77},[59,60290,87],{"class":73},[59,60292,1734],{"class":77},[59,60294,60295],{"class":81},"w",[59,60297,1725],{"class":77},[59,60299,87],{"class":73},[59,60301,1734],{"class":77},[59,60303,60280],{"class":81},[59,60305,1725],{"class":77},[59,60307,87],{"class":73},[59,60309,1734],{"class":77},[59,60311,60312],{"class":81},"r",[59,60314,1725],{"class":77},[59,60316,87],{"class":73},[59,60318,1734],{"class":77},[59,60320,60263],{"class":81},[59,60322,1725],{"class":77},[59,60324,87],{"class":73},[59,60326,1734],{"class":77},[59,60328,18766],{"class":81},[59,60330,1725],{"class":77},[59,60332,107],{"class":73},[20,60334,60335,60336,60339],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60337,60338],{},"split()"," instead:",[50,60341,60343],{"className":52,"code":60342,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60344,60345,60363],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60348,4085],{"class":65},[59,60350,70],{"class":69},[59,60352,90],{"class":77},[59,60354,60213],{"class":81},[59,60356,78],{"class":77},[59,60358,358],{"class":73},[59,60360,34456],{"class":142},[59,60362,8647],{"class":73},[59,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60366,715],{"class":135},[59,60368,139],{"class":73},[59,60370,4127],{"class":142},[59,60372,165],{"class":73},[20,60374,60375],{},[549,60376,168],{},[50,60378,60380],{"className":52,"code":60379,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60381,60382],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60383,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60399,60401],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60385,3914],{"class":73},[59,60387,1725],{"class":77},[59,60389,3860],{"class":81},[59,60391,1725],{"class":77},[59,60393,87],{"class":73},[59,60395,1734],{"class":77},[59,60397,60398],{"class":81},"world",[59,60400,1725],{"class":77},[59,60402,107],{"class":73},[1127,60404,60406],{"id":60405},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60408,60409],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[50,60411,60413],{"className":52,"code":60412,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60414,60415,60419],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60416,60417],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60418,4551],{"class":3678},[59,60420,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60440,60442,60444,60446],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60422,249],{"class":65},[59,60424,70],{"class":69},[59,60426,74],{"class":73},[59,60428,78],{"class":77},[59,60430,258],{"class":81},[59,60432,78],{"class":77},[59,60434,87],{"class":73},[59,60436,90],{"class":77},[59,60438,60439],{"class":81},"Ben', ",[59,60441,78],{"class":77},[59,60443,276],{"class":65},[59,60445,78],{"class":77},[59,60447,107],{"class":81},[20,60449,60450],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[50,60452,60454],{"className":52,"code":60453,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60455,60456],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60457,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60459,249],{"class":65},[59,60461,70],{"class":69},[59,60463,74],{"class":73},[59,60465,78],{"class":77},[59,60467,258],{"class":81},[59,60469,78],{"class":77},[59,60471,87],{"class":73},[59,60473,90],{"class":77},[59,60475,267],{"class":81},[59,60477,78],{"class":77},[59,60479,87],{"class":73},[59,60481,90],{"class":77},[59,60483,276],{"class":81},[59,60485,78],{"class":77},[59,60487,107],{"class":73},[1127,60489,60491],{"id":60490},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60493,60494],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[29,60496,60497,60500,60503,60508],{},[32,60498,60499],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[32,60501,60502],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[32,60504,60505,60506],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60507,24773],{},[32,60509,8456,60510,60513],{},[15,60511,60512],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1127,60515,60517],{"id":60516},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[50,60519,60521],{"className":52,"code":60520,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60522,60523,60533,60547,60561],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60524,60525,60527,60529,60531],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60526,715],{"class":135},[59,60528,139],{"class":73},[59,60530,8344],{"class":142},[59,60532,165],{"class":73},[59,60534,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60536,715],{"class":135},[59,60538,139],{"class":73},[59,60540,3239],{"class":697},[59,60542,139],{"class":73},[59,60544,8344],{"class":142},[59,60546,710],{"class":73},[59,60548,60549,60551,60553,60555,60557,60559],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,60550,715],{"class":135},[59,60552,139],{"class":73},[59,60554,11163],{"class":135},[59,60556,139],{"class":73},[59,60558,8344],{"class":142},[59,60560,710],{"class":73},[59,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,60564,715],{"class":135},[59,60566,139],{"class":73},[59,60568,1651],{"class":697},[59,60570,139],{"class":73},[59,60572,59805],{"class":135},[59,60574,139],{"class":73},[59,60576,2159],{"class":178},[59,60578,1706],{"class":73},[20,60580,25998],{},[29,60582,60583,60586,60589,60592],{},[32,60584,60585],{},"what the list contains",[32,60587,60588],{},"whether the value is really a list",[32,60590,60591],{},"how many items it has",[32,60593,26009,60594,60596,60597],{},[15,60595,24773],{}," does with ",[15,60598,535],{},[45,60600,60602],{"id":60601},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60604,60605],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60607,60608],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[29,60610,60611,60626,60631],{},[32,60612,201,60613,1208,60617,17072,60621,60625],{},[354,60614,60615],{"href":56574},[15,60616,52457],{},[354,60618,60619],{"href":53149},[15,60620,53251],{},[354,60622,60623],{"href":53713},[15,60624,54073],{}," to add items later",[32,60627,201,60628,60630],{},[354,60629,59202],{"href":50783}," for a broader introduction",[32,60632,201,60633,60637],{},[354,60634,60635,59865],{"href":59862},[15,60636,24773],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[45,60639,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,60641,60643],{"id":60642},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60645,60646],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[50,60648,60649],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,60650,60651],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60652,60653],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60654,38095],{"class":73},[1127,60656,60658],{"id":60657},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60660,60661],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[50,60663,60664],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,60665,60666],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60667,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60669,3914],{"class":73},[59,60671,187],{"class":178},[59,60673,87],{"class":73},[59,60675,3009],{"class":178},[59,60677,87],{"class":73},[59,60679,2469],{"class":178},[59,60681,107],{"class":73},[1127,60683,1872,60685,60687],{"id":60684},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60686,24773],{}," do in Python?",[20,60689,60690,60691,60693],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60692,535],{},", into a list.",[1127,60695,60697],{"id":60696},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60699,60700],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1127,60702,5190,60704,4408,60706,1905],{"id":60703},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60705,3801],{},[15,60707,7373],{},[20,60709,60710,60712,60713,60715],{},[15,60711,3801],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60714,7373],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[45,60717,1927],{"id":1926},[29,60719,60720,60724,60730,60736,60742,60748,60752],{},[32,60721,60722],{},[354,60723,59202],{"href":50783},[32,60725,60726],{},[354,60727,55325,60728,11324],{"href":56574},[15,60729,52457],{},[32,60731,60732],{},[354,60733,55325,60734,11324],{"href":53149},[15,60735,53251],{},[32,60737,60738],{},[354,60739,55325,60740,11324],{"href":53713},[15,60741,54073],{},[32,60743,60744],{},[354,60745,13,60746,18],{"href":59862},[15,60747,24773],{},[32,60749,60750],{},[354,60751,59205],{"href":58300},[32,60753,60754],{},[354,60755,60756],{"href":12067},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60758,60759,60760,60762],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60761,52457],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1953,60764,60765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":60767},[60768,60769,60770,60771,60774,60775,60781,60782,60792,60793,60802],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":59097,"depth":110,"text":59098},{"id":59208,"depth":110,"text":59209,"children":60772},[60773],{"id":59410,"depth":117,"text":59411},{"id":59426,"depth":110,"text":59427},{"id":59623,"depth":110,"text":60776,"children":60777},"Create a list with list()",[60778,60779,60780],{"id":59648,"depth":117,"text":59649},{"id":59721,"depth":117,"text":59722},{"id":59786,"depth":117,"text":59787},{"id":59868,"depth":110,"text":59869},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":60783},[60784,60785,60787,60789,60790,60791],{"id":60005,"depth":117,"text":60006},{"id":60064,"depth":117,"text":60786},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60184,"depth":117,"text":60788},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60405,"depth":117,"text":60406},{"id":60490,"depth":117,"text":60491},{"id":60516,"depth":117,"text":60517},{"id":60601,"depth":110,"text":60602},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":60794},[60795,60796,60797,60799,60800],{"id":60642,"depth":117,"text":60643},{"id":60657,"depth":117,"text":60658},{"id":60684,"depth":117,"text":60798},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60696,"depth":117,"text":60697},{"id":60703,"depth":117,"text":60801},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58839,"description":60803},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60810,"title":60811,"body":60812,"description":62553,"extension":1988,"meta":62554,"navigation":113,"path":62555,"seo":62556,"stem":62557,"__hash__":62558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60813,"toc":62508},[60814,60819,60824,60827,60829,60900,60905,60910,60914,60928,60933,60935,60955,60960,60963,60986,60990,60995,61087,61089,61111,61117,61123,61130,61137,61143,61200,61206,61264,61266,61278,61286,61292,61297,61301,61358,61361,61365,61424,61427,61431,61489,61501,61505,61558,61561,61565,61571,61577,61639,61642,61703,61706,61762,61767,61769,61773,61780,61841,61846,61855,61911,61918,61922,61980,61989,62047,62051,62086,62090,62100,62103,62158,62172,62175,62290,62295,62299,62310,62312,62391,62401,62403,62408,62413,62420,62428,62434,62437,62443,62446,62452,62458,62460,62496,62505],[10,60815,54147,60817,11324],{"id":60816},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60818,53251],{},[20,60820,60821,60823],{},[15,60822,53152],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60825,60826],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[45,60828,48],{"id":47},[50,60830,60832],{"className":52,"code":60831,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60833,60834,60850,60867,60871,60886,60896],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60835,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60837,664],{"class":65},[59,60839,70],{"class":69},[59,60841,74],{"class":73},[59,60843,187],{"class":178},[59,60845,87],{"class":73},[59,60847,3009],{"class":178},[59,60849,107],{"class":73},[59,60851,60852,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60865],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,60853,60854],{"class":65},"more_numbers ",[59,60856,70],{"class":69},[59,60858,74],{"class":73},[59,60860,950],{"class":178},[59,60862,87],{"class":73},[59,60864,2475],{"class":178},[59,60866,107],{"class":73},[59,60868,60869],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,60870,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,60872,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60884],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,60874,707],{"class":65},[59,60876,358],{"class":73},[59,60878,53281],{"class":142},[59,60880,139],{"class":73},[59,60882,60883],{"class":142},"more_numbers",[59,60885,165],{"class":73},[59,60887,60888,60890,60892,60894],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,60889,715],{"class":135},[59,60891,139],{"class":73},[59,60893,707],{"class":142},[59,60895,165],{"class":73},[59,60897,60898],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,60899,52528],{"class":3678},[20,60901,201,60902,60904],{},[15,60903,53251],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[45,60906,208,60908,211],{"id":60907},"what-listextend-does",[15,60909,53152],{},[20,60911,60912,1002],{},[15,60913,53251],{},[29,60915,60916,60919,60921,60924],{},[32,60917,60918],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[32,60920,54233],{},[32,60922,60923],{},"Does not create a new list",[32,60925,11426,60926],{},[15,60927,3792],{},[20,60929,60930,60931,53606],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60932,53251],{},[45,60934,362],{"id":361},[50,60936,60938],{"className":52,"code":60937,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60939,60940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,60941,60942,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,60943,60944],{"class":65},"list_name",[59,60946,358],{"class":73},[59,60948,53281],{"class":142},[59,60950,139],{"class":73},[59,60952,380],{"class":142},[59,60954,165],{"class":73},[20,60956,5460,60957,60959],{},[549,60958,380],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60961,60962],{},"Common iterables include:",[29,60964,60965,60969,60973,60977,60982],{},[32,60966,60967],{},[15,60968,1651],{},[32,60970,60971],{},[15,60972,48756],{},[32,60974,60975],{},[15,60976,6293],{},[32,60978,60979],{},[15,60980,60981],{},"string",[32,60983,60984],{},[15,60985,59805],{},[45,60987,60989],{"id":60988},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60991,60992,60993,1002],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60994,53251],{},[50,60996,60998],{"className":52,"code":60997,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60999,61000,61024,61049,61053,61068,61072,61082],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61001,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020,61022],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61003,579],{"class":65},[59,61005,70],{"class":69},[59,61007,74],{"class":73},[59,61009,78],{"class":77},[59,61011,588],{"class":81},[59,61013,78],{"class":77},[59,61015,87],{"class":73},[59,61017,90],{"class":77},[59,61019,597],{"class":81},[59,61021,78],{"class":77},[59,61023,107],{"class":73},[59,61025,61026,61029,61031,61033,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61027,61028],{"class":65},"more_fruits ",[59,61030,70],{"class":69},[59,61032,74],{"class":73},[59,61034,78],{"class":77},[59,61036,606],{"class":81},[59,61038,78],{"class":77},[59,61040,87],{"class":73},[59,61042,90],{"class":77},[59,61044,22528],{"class":81},[59,61046,78],{"class":77},[59,61048,107],{"class":73},[59,61050,61051],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61052,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61054,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61066],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61056,634],{"class":65},[59,61058,358],{"class":73},[59,61060,53281],{"class":142},[59,61062,139],{"class":73},[59,61064,61065],{"class":142},"more_fruits",[59,61067,165],{"class":73},[59,61069,61070],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61071,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61073,61074,61076,61078,61080],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,61075,715],{"class":135},[59,61077,139],{"class":73},[59,61079,634],{"class":142},[59,61081,165],{"class":73},[59,61083,61084],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,61085,61086],{"class":3678},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61088,11687],{},[29,61090,61091,61096,61101],{},[32,61092,61093,61095],{},[15,61094,634],{}," starts with two items",[32,61097,61098,61100],{},[15,61099,61065],{}," has two more items",[32,61102,61103,61105,61106,61108,61109],{},[15,61104,53251],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61107,61065],{}," to ",[15,61110,634],{},[20,61112,61113,61114,61116],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61115,634],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61118,54372,61119,4408,61121,358],{},[354,61120,52576],{"href":50783},[354,61122,56960],{"href":56959},[45,61124,61126,10586,61128],{"id":61125},"extend-vs-append",[15,61127,53251],{},[15,61129,52457],{},[20,61131,61132,4408,61134,61136],{},[15,61133,53251],{},[15,61135,52457],{}," are often confused.",[1127,61138,61140,61142],{"id":61139},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61141,53251],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[50,61144,61146],{"className":52,"code":61145,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61147,61148,61164,61182,61186,61196],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61149,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61151,664],{"class":65},[59,61153,70],{"class":69},[59,61155,74],{"class":73},[59,61157,187],{"class":178},[59,61159,87],{"class":73},[59,61161,3009],{"class":178},[59,61163,107],{"class":73},[59,61165,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61167,707],{"class":65},[59,61169,358],{"class":73},[59,61171,53281],{"class":142},[59,61173,1629],{"class":73},[59,61175,950],{"class":178},[59,61177,87],{"class":73},[59,61179,2475],{"class":178},[59,61181,3902],{"class":73},[59,61183,61184],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61185,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61187,61188,61190,61192,61194],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61189,715],{"class":135},[59,61191,139],{"class":73},[59,61193,707],{"class":142},[59,61195,165],{"class":73},[59,61197,61198],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61199,52528],{"class":3678},[1127,61201,61203,61205],{"id":61202},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61204,52457],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[50,61207,61209],{"className":52,"code":61208,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61210,61211,61227,61245,61249,61259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61212,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61214,664],{"class":65},[59,61216,70],{"class":69},[59,61218,74],{"class":73},[59,61220,187],{"class":178},[59,61222,87],{"class":73},[59,61224,3009],{"class":178},[59,61226,107],{"class":73},[59,61228,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61230,707],{"class":65},[59,61232,358],{"class":73},[59,61234,13552],{"class":142},[59,61236,1629],{"class":73},[59,61238,950],{"class":178},[59,61240,87],{"class":73},[59,61242,2475],{"class":178},[59,61244,3902],{"class":73},[59,61246,61247],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61248,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61250,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61252,715],{"class":135},[59,61254,139],{"class":73},[59,61256,707],{"class":142},[59,61258,165],{"class":73},[59,61260,61261],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61262,61263],{"class":3678},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61265,18693],{},[29,61267,61268,61273],{},[32,61269,61270,61272],{},[15,61271,53251],{}," to combine values",[32,61274,61275,61277],{},[15,61276,52457],{}," to add one item",[20,61279,41893,61280,4408,61284,358],{},[354,61281,55325,61282,10742],{"href":56574},[15,61283,52457],{},[354,61285,52854],{"href":52853},[45,61287,1599,61289,61291],{"id":61288},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61290,53251],{}," with different iterables",[20,61293,61294,61296],{},[15,61295,53251],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1127,61298,61300],{"id":61299},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[50,61302,61304],{"className":52,"code":61303,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61305,61306,61322,61340,61344,61354],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61307,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61309,3837],{"class":65},[59,61311,70],{"class":69},[59,61313,74],{"class":73},[59,61315,187],{"class":178},[59,61317,87],{"class":73},[59,61319,3009],{"class":178},[59,61321,107],{"class":73},[59,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61325,5366],{"class":65},[59,61327,358],{"class":73},[59,61329,53281],{"class":142},[59,61331,5519],{"class":73},[59,61333,950],{"class":178},[59,61335,87],{"class":73},[59,61337,2475],{"class":178},[59,61339,710],{"class":73},[59,61341,61342],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61343,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61345,61346,61348,61350,61352],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61347,715],{"class":135},[59,61349,139],{"class":73},[59,61351,5366],{"class":142},[59,61353,165],{"class":73},[59,61355,61356],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61357,52528],{"class":3678},[20,61359,61360],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1127,61362,61364],{"id":61363},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[50,61366,61368],{"className":52,"code":61367,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61369,61370,61386,61405,61409,61419],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61371,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61373,425],{"class":65},[59,61375,70],{"class":69},[59,61377,74],{"class":73},[59,61379,78],{"class":77},[59,61381,354],{"class":81},[59,61383,78],{"class":77},[59,61385,107],{"class":73},[59,61387,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61401,61403],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61389,480],{"class":65},[59,61391,358],{"class":73},[59,61393,53281],{"class":142},[59,61395,139],{"class":73},[59,61397,78],{"class":77},[59,61399,61400],{"class":81},"bc",[59,61402,78],{"class":77},[59,61404,165],{"class":73},[59,61406,61407],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61408,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61410,61411,61413,61415,61417],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61412,715],{"class":135},[59,61414,139],{"class":73},[59,61416,480],{"class":142},[59,61418,165],{"class":73},[59,61420,61421],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61422,61423],{"class":3678},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61425,61426],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1127,61428,61430],{"id":61429},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[50,61432,61434],{"className":52,"code":61433,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61435,61436,61448,61470,61474,61484],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61439,664],{"class":65},[59,61441,70],{"class":69},[59,61443,74],{"class":73},[59,61445,179],{"class":178},[59,61447,107],{"class":73},[59,61449,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61451,707],{"class":65},[59,61453,358],{"class":73},[59,61455,53281],{"class":142},[59,61457,139],{"class":73},[59,61459,59805],{"class":135},[59,61461,139],{"class":73},[59,61463,187],{"class":178},[59,61465,87],{"class":73},[59,61467,2475],{"class":178},[59,61469,710],{"class":73},[59,61471,61472],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61473,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61475,61476,61478,61480,61482],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61477,715],{"class":135},[59,61479,139],{"class":73},[59,61481,707],{"class":142},[59,61483,165],{"class":73},[59,61485,61486],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61487,61488],{"class":3678},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61490,61491,61494,61495,1208,61497,17072,61499,358],{},[15,61492,61493],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61496,187],{},[15,61498,195],{},[15,61500,950],{},[1127,61502,61504],{"id":61503},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[50,61506,61508],{"className":52,"code":61507,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61509,61510,61526,61544,61548],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61511,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61513,1251],{"class":65},[59,61515,70],{"class":69},[59,61517,74],{"class":73},[59,61519,187],{"class":178},[59,61521,87],{"class":73},[59,61523,3009],{"class":178},[59,61525,107],{"class":73},[59,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61529,1297],{"class":65},[59,61531,358],{"class":73},[59,61533,53281],{"class":142},[59,61535,5538],{"class":73},[59,61537,950],{"class":178},[59,61539,87],{"class":73},[59,61541,2475],{"class":178},[59,61543,30484],{"class":73},[59,61545,61546],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61547,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61551,715],{"class":135},[59,61553,139],{"class":73},[59,61555,1297],{"class":142},[59,61557,165],{"class":73},[20,61559,61560],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[45,61562,61564],{"id":61563},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61566,61567,2414,61569,358],{},[15,61568,53251],{},[15,61570,3792],{},[20,61572,61573,61574,1002],{},"That means this is ",[549,61575,61576],{},"wrong",[50,61578,61580],{"className":52,"code":61579,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61581,61582,61598,61620,61624,61634],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61585,664],{"class":65},[59,61587,70],{"class":69},[59,61589,74],{"class":73},[59,61591,187],{"class":178},[59,61593,87],{"class":73},[59,61595,3009],{"class":178},[59,61597,107],{"class":73},[59,61599,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61601,692],{"class":65},[59,61603,70],{"class":69},[59,61605,4277],{"class":65},[59,61607,358],{"class":73},[59,61609,53281],{"class":142},[59,61611,1629],{"class":73},[59,61613,950],{"class":178},[59,61615,87],{"class":73},[59,61617,2475],{"class":178},[59,61619,3902],{"class":73},[59,61621,61622],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61623,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61625,61626,61628,61630,61632],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61627,715],{"class":135},[59,61629,139],{"class":73},[59,61631,720],{"class":142},[59,61633,165],{"class":73},[59,61635,61636],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61637,61638],{"class":3678},"# None\n",[20,61640,61641],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[50,61643,61645],{"className":52,"code":61644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61646,61647,61663,61685,61689,61699],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61648,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61650,664],{"class":65},[59,61652,70],{"class":69},[59,61654,74],{"class":73},[59,61656,187],{"class":178},[59,61658,87],{"class":73},[59,61660,3009],{"class":178},[59,61662,107],{"class":73},[59,61664,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61666,664],{"class":65},[59,61668,70],{"class":69},[59,61670,4277],{"class":65},[59,61672,358],{"class":73},[59,61674,53281],{"class":142},[59,61676,1629],{"class":73},[59,61678,950],{"class":178},[59,61680,87],{"class":73},[59,61682,2475],{"class":178},[59,61684,3902],{"class":73},[59,61686,61687],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61688,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61690,61691,61693,61695,61697],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61692,715],{"class":135},[59,61694,139],{"class":73},[59,61696,707],{"class":142},[59,61698,165],{"class":73},[59,61700,61701],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61702,61638],{"class":3678},[20,61704,61705],{},"The correct way is:",[50,61707,61708],{"className":52,"code":61145,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,61709,61710,61726,61744,61748,61758],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61711,61712,61714,61716,61718,61720,61722,61724],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61713,664],{"class":65},[59,61715,70],{"class":69},[59,61717,74],{"class":73},[59,61719,187],{"class":178},[59,61721,87],{"class":73},[59,61723,3009],{"class":178},[59,61725,107],{"class":73},[59,61727,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61729,707],{"class":65},[59,61731,358],{"class":73},[59,61733,53281],{"class":142},[59,61735,1629],{"class":73},[59,61737,950],{"class":178},[59,61739,87],{"class":73},[59,61741,2475],{"class":178},[59,61743,3902],{"class":73},[59,61745,61746],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61747,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61751,715],{"class":135},[59,61753,139],{"class":73},[59,61755,707],{"class":142},[59,61757,165],{"class":73},[59,61759,61760],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61761,52528],{"class":3678},[20,61763,55714,61764,61766],{},[15,61765,53251],{}," first, then use the original list.",[45,61768,4534],{"id":4533},[20,61770,14733,61771,358],{},[15,61772,53251],{},[1127,61774,61776,61777,61779],{"id":61775},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61778,53251],{}," to return a new list",[50,61781,61783],{"className":52,"code":61782,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61784,61785,61801,61823,61827,61837],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61786,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61788,664],{"class":65},[59,61790,70],{"class":69},[59,61792,74],{"class":73},[59,61794,187],{"class":178},[59,61796,87],{"class":73},[59,61798,3009],{"class":178},[59,61800,107],{"class":73},[59,61802,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61804,55447],{"class":65},[59,61806,70],{"class":69},[59,61808,4277],{"class":65},[59,61810,358],{"class":73},[59,61812,53281],{"class":142},[59,61814,1629],{"class":73},[59,61816,950],{"class":178},[59,61818,87],{"class":73},[59,61820,2475],{"class":178},[59,61822,3902],{"class":73},[59,61824,61825],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61826,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61828,61829,61831,61833,61835],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61830,715],{"class":135},[59,61832,139],{"class":73},[59,61834,55466],{"class":142},[59,61836,165],{"class":73},[59,61838,61839],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61840,61638],{"class":3678},[20,61842,61843,61844,358],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61845,53251],{},[1127,61847,61849,61850,44431,61852,61854],{"id":61848},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61851,52457],{},[15,61853,53251],{}," is needed",[50,61856,61857],{"className":52,"code":61208,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,61858,61859,61875,61893,61897,61907],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61862,664],{"class":65},[59,61864,70],{"class":69},[59,61866,74],{"class":73},[59,61868,187],{"class":178},[59,61870,87],{"class":73},[59,61872,3009],{"class":178},[59,61874,107],{"class":73},[59,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61878,707],{"class":65},[59,61880,358],{"class":73},[59,61882,13552],{"class":142},[59,61884,1629],{"class":73},[59,61886,950],{"class":178},[59,61888,87],{"class":73},[59,61890,2475],{"class":178},[59,61892,3902],{"class":73},[59,61894,61895],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61896,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61898,61899,61901,61903,61905],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61900,715],{"class":135},[59,61902,139],{"class":73},[59,61904,707],{"class":142},[59,61906,165],{"class":73},[59,61908,61909],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61910,61263],{"class":3678},[20,61912,61913,61914,53696,61916,6638],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61915,53695],{},[15,61917,53251],{},[1127,61919,61921],{"id":61920},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[50,61923,61925],{"className":52,"code":61924,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61926,61927,61943,61961,61965,61975],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61928,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61930,4085],{"class":65},[59,61932,70],{"class":69},[59,61934,74],{"class":73},[59,61936,78],{"class":77},[59,61938,3860],{"class":81},[59,61940,78],{"class":77},[59,61942,107],{"class":73},[59,61944,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,61946,4127],{"class":65},[59,61948,358],{"class":73},[59,61950,53281],{"class":142},[59,61952,139],{"class":73},[59,61954,78],{"class":77},[59,61956,60398],{"class":81},[59,61958,78],{"class":77},[59,61960,165],{"class":73},[59,61962,61963],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,61964,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,61966,61967,61969,61971,61973],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,61968,715],{"class":135},[59,61970,139],{"class":73},[59,61972,4127],{"class":142},[59,61974,165],{"class":73},[59,61976,61977],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,61978,61979],{"class":3678},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61981,61982,61983,61986,61987,1002],{},"If you want ",[15,61984,61985],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61988,52457],{},[50,61990,61992],{"className":52,"code":61991,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61993,61994,62010,62028,62032,62042],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,61995,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,61997,4085],{"class":65},[59,61999,70],{"class":69},[59,62001,74],{"class":73},[59,62003,78],{"class":77},[59,62005,3860],{"class":81},[59,62007,78],{"class":77},[59,62009,107],{"class":73},[59,62011,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62013,4127],{"class":65},[59,62015,358],{"class":73},[59,62017,13552],{"class":142},[59,62019,139],{"class":73},[59,62021,78],{"class":77},[59,62023,60398],{"class":81},[59,62025,78],{"class":77},[59,62027,165],{"class":73},[59,62029,62030],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62031,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62033,62034,62036,62038,62040],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62035,715],{"class":135},[59,62037,139],{"class":73},[59,62039,4127],{"class":142},[59,62041,165],{"class":73},[59,62043,62044],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,62045,62046],{"class":3678},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1127,62048,62050],{"id":62049},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[50,62052,62054],{"className":52,"code":62053,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62055,62056,62072],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62059,664],{"class":65},[59,62061,70],{"class":69},[59,62063,74],{"class":73},[59,62065,187],{"class":178},[59,62067,87],{"class":73},[59,62069,3009],{"class":178},[59,62071,107],{"class":73},[59,62073,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62075,707],{"class":65},[59,62077,358],{"class":73},[59,62079,53281],{"class":142},[59,62081,139],{"class":73},[59,62083,2159],{"class":178},[59,62085,165],{"class":73},[20,62087,39452,62088,6558],{},[15,62089,2159],{},[20,62091,62092,62093,62095,62096,62099],{},"You will get a ",[15,62094,3021],{},". See ",[354,62097,62098],{"href":52404},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62101,62102],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[50,62104,62106],{"className":52,"code":62105,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62107,62108,62118,62132,62144],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62109,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62111,715],{"class":135},[59,62113,139],{"class":73},[59,62115,8344],{"class":142},[59,62117,165],{"class":73},[59,62119,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62121,715],{"class":135},[59,62123,139],{"class":73},[59,62125,3239],{"class":697},[59,62127,139],{"class":73},[59,62129,5366],{"class":142},[59,62131,710],{"class":73},[59,62133,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62135,715],{"class":135},[59,62137,139],{"class":73},[59,62139,720],{"class":142},[59,62141,3675],{"class":73},[59,62143,165],{"class":65},[59,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62147,32141],{"class":135},[59,62149,139],{"class":73},[59,62151,1651],{"class":697},[59,62153,358],{"class":73},[59,62155,53281],{"class":929},[59,62157,165],{"class":73},[43381,62159,62160],{},[20,62161,62162,62163,62166,62167,62169,62170,358],{},"Note: ",[15,62164,62165],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62168,3675],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62171,33015],{},[20,62173,62174],{},"Correct debugging example:",[50,62176,62178],{"className":52,"code":62177,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62179,62180,62196,62212,62216,62230,62234,62242,62252,62266,62276],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62181,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62183,8313],{"class":65},[59,62185,70],{"class":69},[59,62187,74],{"class":73},[59,62189,187],{"class":178},[59,62191,87],{"class":73},[59,62193,3009],{"class":178},[59,62195,107],{"class":73},[59,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62199,3837],{"class":65},[59,62201,70],{"class":69},[59,62203,74],{"class":73},[59,62205,950],{"class":178},[59,62207,87],{"class":73},[59,62209,2475],{"class":178},[59,62211,107],{"class":73},[59,62213,62214],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62215,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62217,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62219,8344],{"class":65},[59,62221,358],{"class":73},[59,62223,53281],{"class":142},[59,62225,139],{"class":73},[59,62227,5366],{"class":142},[59,62229,165],{"class":73},[59,62231,62232],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,62233,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62235,62236,62238,62240],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,62237,692],{"class":65},[59,62239,70],{"class":69},[59,62241,48330],{"class":3867},[59,62243,62244,62246,62248,62250],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,62245,715],{"class":135},[59,62247,139],{"class":73},[59,62249,8344],{"class":142},[59,62251,165],{"class":73},[59,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,62255,715],{"class":135},[59,62257,139],{"class":73},[59,62259,3239],{"class":697},[59,62261,139],{"class":73},[59,62263,5366],{"class":142},[59,62265,710],{"class":73},[59,62267,62268,62270,62272,62274],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,62269,715],{"class":135},[59,62271,139],{"class":73},[59,62273,720],{"class":142},[59,62275,165],{"class":73},[59,62277,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,62279,32141],{"class":135},[59,62281,139],{"class":73},[59,62283,1651],{"class":697},[59,62285,358],{"class":73},[59,62287,53281],{"class":929},[59,62289,165],{"class":73},[45,62291,776,62293],{"id":62292},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62294,53251],{},[20,62296,201,62297,6324],{},[15,62298,53251],{},[29,62300,62301,62304,62307],{},[32,62302,62303],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[32,62305,62306],{},"Add multiple values at once",[32,62308,62309],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62311,5480],{},[50,62313,62315],{"className":52,"code":62314,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62316,62317,62334,62352,62356,62372,62376,62386],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62318,62319,62322,62324,62326,62328,62330,62332],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62320,62321],{"class":65},"all_scores ",[59,62323,70],{"class":69},[59,62325,74],{"class":73},[59,62327,13501],{"class":178},[59,62329,87],{"class":73},[59,62331,13506],{"class":178},[59,62333,107],{"class":73},[59,62335,62336,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62350],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62337,62338],{"class":65},"new_scores ",[59,62340,70],{"class":69},[59,62342,74],{"class":73},[59,62344,51309],{"class":178},[59,62346,87],{"class":73},[59,62348,62349],{"class":178}," 92",[59,62351,107],{"class":73},[59,62353,62354],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62355,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62357,62358,62361,62363,62365,62367,62370],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62359,62360],{"class":65},"all_scores",[59,62362,358],{"class":73},[59,62364,53281],{"class":142},[59,62366,139],{"class":73},[59,62368,62369],{"class":142},"new_scores",[59,62371,165],{"class":73},[59,62373,62374],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,62375,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62377,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,62379,715],{"class":135},[59,62381,139],{"class":73},[59,62383,62360],{"class":142},[59,62385,165],{"class":73},[59,62387,62388],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,62389,62390],{"class":3678},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62392,62393,62394,62396,62397,358],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62395,52457],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[354,62398,55325,62399,10742],{"href":53713},[15,62400,54073],{},[45,62402,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,62404,1882,62406,55274],{"id":62405},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62407,53152],{},[20,62409,62410,62411,358],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62412,3792],{},[1127,62414,5190,62416,4408,62418,1905],{"id":62415},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62417,53251],{},[15,62419,52457],{},[20,62421,62422,62424,62425,62427],{},[15,62423,53251],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62426,52457],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1127,62429,28318,62431,62433],{"id":62430},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62432,53251],{}," with a string?",[20,62435,62436],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1127,62438,28318,62440,62442],{"id":62439},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62441,53251],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62444,62445],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1127,62447,62449,62450,1905],{"id":62448},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62451,53251],{},[20,62453,62454,62455,62457],{},"You get a ",[15,62456,3021],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[45,62459,1927],{"id":1926},[29,62461,62462,62468,62472,62476,62480,62486,62490],{},[32,62463,62464],{},[354,62465,55325,62466,10742],{"href":56574},[15,62467,52457],{},[32,62469,62470],{},[354,62471,54083],{"href":52853},[32,62473,62474],{},[354,62475,57034],{"href":56959},[32,62477,62478],{},[354,62479,52576],{"href":50783},[32,62481,62482],{},[354,62483,55325,62484,10742],{"href":53713},[15,62485,54073],{},[32,62487,62488],{},[354,62489,62098],{"href":52404},[32,62491,62492],{},[354,62493,55325,62494,10742],{"href":54765},[15,62495,12779],{},[20,62497,62498,62499,62501,62502,62504],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62500,52457],{},", when to use ",[15,62503,54073],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1953,62506,62507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":62509},[62510,62511,62513,62514,62515,62522,62529,62530,62538,62540,62552],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":60907,"depth":110,"text":62512},"What list.extend() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":60988,"depth":110,"text":60989},{"id":61125,"depth":110,"text":62516,"children":62517},"extend() vs append()",[62518,62520],{"id":61139,"depth":117,"text":62519},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61202,"depth":117,"text":62521},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61288,"depth":110,"text":62523,"children":62524},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62525,62526,62527,62528],{"id":61299,"depth":117,"text":61300},{"id":61363,"depth":117,"text":61364},{"id":61429,"depth":117,"text":61430},{"id":61503,"depth":117,"text":61504},{"id":61563,"depth":110,"text":61564},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":62531},[62532,62534,62536,62537],{"id":61775,"depth":117,"text":62533},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61848,"depth":117,"text":62535},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61920,"depth":117,"text":61921},{"id":62049,"depth":117,"text":62050},{"id":62292,"depth":110,"text":62539},"When to use extend()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":62541},[62542,62544,62546,62548,62550],{"id":62405,"depth":117,"text":62543},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62415,"depth":117,"text":62545},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62430,"depth":117,"text":62547},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62439,"depth":117,"text":62549},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62448,"depth":117,"text":62551},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60811,"description":62553},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62560,"title":62561,"body":62562,"description":64653,"extension":1988,"meta":64654,"navigation":113,"path":64655,"seo":64656,"stem":64657,"__hash__":64658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62563,"toc":64616},[62564,62567,62572,62578,62589,62595,62597,62666,62668,62717,62725,62729,62734,62737,62748,62753,62755,62757,62778,62791,62794,62807,62809,62814,62839,62841,62849,62852,62921,62923,62947,62953,62957,62961,62997,62999,63019,63026,63030,63063,63065,63099,63104,63108,63141,63143,63171,63179,63183,63220,63222,63243,63246,63250,63319,63321,63345,63351,63358,63362,63365,63367,63381,63384,63408,63410,63435,63438,63457,63459,63485,63494,63498,63505,63582,63584,63625,63631,63637,63728,63730,63786,63789,63794,63798,63803,63807,63866,63868,63893,63897,63960,63962,63987,63991,64054,64056,64099,64102,64106,64110,64132,64136,64218,64220,64255,64263,64265,64269,64273,64275,64302,64307,64309,64336,64343,64346,64369,64371,64420,64423,64426,64445,64449,64452,64503,64506,64512,64516,64521,64524,64526,64532,64541,64545,64551,64555,64558,64562,64565,64569,64575,64577,64613],[10,62565,62561],{"id":62566},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62568,9127,62569,62571],{},[15,62570,24773],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62573,62574,62575,62577],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62576,24773],{}," for two main reasons:",[29,62579,62580,62583],{},[32,62581,62582],{},"to make an empty list",[32,62584,62585,62586,62588],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62587,59805],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62590,62591,62592,62594],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62593,24773],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[45,62596,48],{"id":47},[50,62598,62600],{"className":52,"code":62599,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62601,62602,62624,62642,62646,62656],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62605,664],{"class":65},[59,62607,70],{"class":69},[59,62609,698],{"class":697},[59,62611,5519],{"class":73},[59,62613,187],{"class":178},[59,62615,87],{"class":73},[59,62617,3009],{"class":178},[59,62619,87],{"class":73},[59,62621,2469],{"class":178},[59,62623,710],{"class":73},[59,62625,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62627,425],{"class":65},[59,62629,70],{"class":69},[59,62631,698],{"class":697},[59,62633,139],{"class":73},[59,62635,78],{"class":77},[59,62637,41360],{"class":81},[59,62639,78],{"class":77},[59,62641,165],{"class":73},[59,62643,62644],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62645,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62647,62648,62650,62652,62654],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62649,715],{"class":135},[59,62651,139],{"class":73},[59,62653,707],{"class":142},[59,62655,165],{"class":73},[59,62657,62658,62660,62662,62664],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,62659,715],{"class":135},[59,62661,139],{"class":73},[59,62663,480],{"class":142},[59,62665,165],{"class":73},[20,62667,168],{},[50,62669,62671],{"className":52,"code":62670,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62672,62673,62689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62674,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62676,3914],{"class":73},[59,62678,187],{"class":178},[59,62680,87],{"class":73},[59,62682,3009],{"class":178},[59,62684,87],{"class":73},[59,62686,2469],{"class":178},[59,62688,107],{"class":73},[59,62690,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62692,3914],{"class":73},[59,62694,1725],{"class":77},[59,62696,354],{"class":81},[59,62698,1725],{"class":77},[59,62700,87],{"class":73},[59,62702,1734],{"class":77},[59,62704,442],{"class":81},[59,62706,1725],{"class":77},[59,62708,87],{"class":73},[59,62710,1734],{"class":77},[59,62712,451],{"class":81},[59,62714,1725],{"class":77},[59,62716,107],{"class":73},[20,62718,201,62719,62721,62722,62724],{},[15,62720,24773],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62723,59805],{},", set, or dictionary.",[45,62726,62728],{"id":62727},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62730,62731,62733],{},[15,62732,24773],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62735,62736],{},"It can:",[29,62738,62739,62742,62745],{},[32,62740,62741],{},"create a new list object",[32,62743,62744],{},"make an empty list",[32,62746,62747],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62749,62750,62751,358],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[354,62752,52576],{"href":50783},[45,62754,362],{"id":361},[20,62756,26477],{},[50,62758,62760],{"className":52,"code":62759,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62761,62762,62768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62763,62764,62766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62765,1651],{"class":697},[59,62767,8647],{"class":73},[59,62769,62770,62772,62774,62776],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62771,1651],{"class":697},[59,62773,139],{"class":73},[59,62775,380],{"class":142},[59,62777,165],{"class":73},[29,62779,62780,62785],{},[32,62781,62782,62784],{},[15,62783,24773],{}," makes an empty list",[32,62786,62787,62790],{},[15,62788,62789],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62792,62793],{},"Common iterable values include:",[29,62795,62796,62798,62800,62802,62805],{},[32,62797,230],{},[32,62799,227],{},[32,62801,5314],{},[32,62803,62804],{},"ranges",[32,62806,7258],{},[45,62808,59427],{"id":59426},[20,62810,201,62811,62813],{},[15,62812,24773],{}," with no arguments:",[50,62815,62817],{"className":52,"code":62816,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62818,62819,62829],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62820,62821,62823,62825,62827],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62822,1251],{"class":65},[59,62824,70],{"class":69},[59,62826,698],{"class":697},[59,62828,8647],{"class":73},[59,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62832,715],{"class":135},[59,62834,139],{"class":73},[59,62836,1297],{"class":142},[59,62838,165],{"class":73},[20,62840,168],{},[50,62842,62843],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,62844,62845],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62846,62847],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62848,38095],{"class":73},[20,62850,62851],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[50,62853,62855],{"className":52,"code":62854,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62856,62857,62867,62871,62889,62907,62911],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62858,62859,62861,62863,62865],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62860,1251],{"class":65},[59,62862,70],{"class":69},[59,62864,698],{"class":697},[59,62866,8647],{"class":73},[59,62868,62869],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62870,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62872,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,62874,1297],{"class":65},[59,62876,358],{"class":73},[59,62878,13552],{"class":142},[59,62880,139],{"class":73},[59,62882,78],{"class":77},[59,62884,588],{"class":81},[59,62886,78],{"class":77},[59,62888,165],{"class":73},[59,62890,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,62892,1297],{"class":65},[59,62894,358],{"class":73},[59,62896,13552],{"class":142},[59,62898,139],{"class":73},[59,62900,78],{"class":77},[59,62902,597],{"class":81},[59,62904,78],{"class":77},[59,62906,165],{"class":73},[59,62908,62909],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,62910,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,62912,62913,62915,62917,62919],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,62914,715],{"class":135},[59,62916,139],{"class":73},[59,62918,1297],{"class":142},[59,62920,165],{"class":73},[20,62922,168],{},[50,62924,62925],{"className":52,"code":38221,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,62926,62927],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62928,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62930,3914],{"class":73},[59,62932,1725],{"class":77},[59,62934,588],{"class":81},[59,62936,1725],{"class":77},[59,62938,87],{"class":73},[59,62940,1734],{"class":77},[59,62942,597],{"class":81},[59,62944,1725],{"class":77},[59,62946,107],{"class":73},[20,62948,62949,62950,62952],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62951,3801],{},". Both are valid.",[45,62954,62956],{"id":62955},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1127,62958,62960],{"id":62959},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[50,62962,62963],{"className":52,"code":59725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,62964,62965,62987],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,62966,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,62968,664],{"class":65},[59,62970,70],{"class":69},[59,62972,698],{"class":697},[59,62974,5519],{"class":73},[59,62976,187],{"class":178},[59,62978,87],{"class":73},[59,62980,3009],{"class":178},[59,62982,87],{"class":73},[59,62984,2469],{"class":178},[59,62986,710],{"class":73},[59,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,62990,715],{"class":135},[59,62992,139],{"class":73},[59,62994,707],{"class":142},[59,62996,165],{"class":73},[20,62998,168],{},[50,63000,63001],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,63002,63003],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63004,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63006,3914],{"class":73},[59,63008,187],{"class":178},[59,63010,87],{"class":73},[59,63012,3009],{"class":178},[59,63014,87],{"class":73},[59,63016,2469],{"class":178},[59,63018,107],{"class":73},[20,63020,63021,63022,358],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[354,63023,63025],{"href":63024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1127,63027,63029],{"id":63028},"string-to-list","String to list",[50,63031,63033],{"className":52,"code":63032,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63034,63035,63053],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63036,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63038,425],{"class":65},[59,63040,70],{"class":69},[59,63042,698],{"class":697},[59,63044,139],{"class":73},[59,63046,78],{"class":77},[59,63048,1439],{"class":81},[59,63050,78],{"class":77},[59,63052,165],{"class":73},[59,63054,63055,63057,63059,63061],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63056,715],{"class":135},[59,63058,139],{"class":73},[59,63060,480],{"class":142},[59,63062,165],{"class":73},[20,63064,168],{},[50,63066,63068],{"className":52,"code":63067,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63069,63070],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63095,63097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63073,3914],{"class":73},[59,63075,1725],{"class":77},[59,63077,451],{"class":81},[59,63079,1725],{"class":77},[59,63081,87],{"class":73},[59,63083,1734],{"class":77},[59,63085,354],{"class":81},[59,63087,1725],{"class":77},[59,63089,87],{"class":73},[59,63091,1734],{"class":77},[59,63093,63094],{"class":81},"t",[59,63096,1725],{"class":77},[59,63098,107],{"class":73},[20,63100,63101,63103],{},[15,63102,24773],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1127,63105,63107],{"id":63106},"range-to-list","Range to list",[50,63109,63111],{"className":52,"code":63110,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63112,63113,63131],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63116,664],{"class":65},[59,63118,70],{"class":69},[59,63120,698],{"class":697},[59,63122,139],{"class":73},[59,63124,59805],{"class":135},[59,63126,139],{"class":73},[59,63128,2159],{"class":178},[59,63130,710],{"class":73},[59,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63134,715],{"class":135},[59,63136,139],{"class":73},[59,63138,707],{"class":142},[59,63140,165],{"class":73},[20,63142,168],{},[50,63144,63145],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,63146,63147],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63148,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63150,3914],{"class":73},[59,63152,179],{"class":178},[59,63154,87],{"class":73},[59,63156,5506],{"class":178},[59,63158,87],{"class":73},[59,63160,3009],{"class":178},[59,63162,87],{"class":73},[59,63164,2469],{"class":178},[59,63166,87],{"class":73},[59,63168,2475],{"class":178},[59,63170,107],{"class":73},[20,63172,63173,63174,63178],{},"This is common when working with ",[354,63175,63176],{"href":532},[15,63177,535],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1127,63180,63182],{"id":63181},"set-to-list","Set to list",[50,63184,63186],{"className":52,"code":63185,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63187,63188,63210],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63189,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63191,3837],{"class":65},[59,63193,70],{"class":69},[59,63195,698],{"class":697},[59,63197,5538],{"class":73},[59,63199,671],{"class":178},[59,63201,87],{"class":73},[59,63203,676],{"class":178},[59,63205,87],{"class":73},[59,63207,681],{"class":178},[59,63209,30484],{"class":73},[59,63211,63212,63214,63216,63218],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63213,715],{"class":135},[59,63215,139],{"class":73},[59,63217,5366],{"class":142},[59,63219,165],{"class":73},[20,63221,1759],{},[50,63223,63225],{"className":52,"code":63224,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63226,63227],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63230,3914],{"class":73},[59,63232,671],{"class":178},[59,63234,87],{"class":73},[59,63236,676],{"class":178},[59,63238,87],{"class":73},[59,63240,681],{"class":178},[59,63242,107],{"class":73},[20,63244,63245],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1127,63247,63249],{"id":63248},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[50,63251,63253],{"className":52,"code":63252,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63254,63255,63291,63305,63309],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63258,13203],{"class":65},[59,63260,70],{"class":69},[59,63262,10491],{"class":73},[59,63264,78],{"class":77},[59,63266,7676],{"class":81},[59,63268,78],{"class":77},[59,63270,1002],{"class":73},[59,63272,90],{"class":77},[59,63274,258],{"class":81},[59,63276,78],{"class":77},[59,63278,87],{"class":73},[59,63280,90],{"class":77},[59,63282,9299],{"class":81},[59,63284,78],{"class":77},[59,63286,1002],{"class":73},[59,63288,9306],{"class":178},[59,63290,9309],{"class":73},[59,63292,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63294,692],{"class":65},[59,63296,70],{"class":69},[59,63298,698],{"class":697},[59,63300,139],{"class":73},[59,63302,17307],{"class":142},[59,63304,165],{"class":73},[59,63306,63307],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,63308,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,63310,63311,63313,63315,63317],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,63312,715],{"class":135},[59,63314,139],{"class":73},[59,63316,720],{"class":142},[59,63318,165],{"class":73},[20,63320,168],{},[50,63322,63323],{"className":52,"code":25470,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,63324,63325],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63326,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63328,3914],{"class":73},[59,63330,1725],{"class":77},[59,63332,7676],{"class":81},[59,63334,1725],{"class":77},[59,63336,87],{"class":73},[59,63338,1734],{"class":77},[59,63340,9299],{"class":81},[59,63342,1725],{"class":77},[59,63344,107],{"class":73},[20,63346,63347,63348,63350],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63349,24773],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63352,63353,63354,358],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[354,63355,63357],{"href":63356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[45,63359,63361],{"id":63360},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63363,63364],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63366,60962],{},[29,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379],{},[32,63370,224],{},[32,63372,227],{},[32,63374,230],{},[32,63376,5314],{},[32,63378,62804],{},[32,63380,7258],{},[20,63382,63383],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[50,63385,63387],{"className":52,"code":63386,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63388,63389],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63390,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63404,63406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63392,715],{"class":135},[59,63394,139],{"class":73},[59,63396,1651],{"class":697},[59,63398,139],{"class":73},[59,63400,78],{"class":77},[59,63402,63403],{"class":81},"hi",[59,63405,78],{"class":77},[59,63407,710],{"class":73},[20,63409,168],{},[50,63411,63413],{"className":52,"code":63412,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63414,63415],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63416,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63418,3914],{"class":73},[59,63420,1725],{"class":77},[59,63422,60245],{"class":81},[59,63424,1725],{"class":77},[59,63426,87],{"class":73},[59,63428,1734],{"class":77},[59,63430,491],{"class":81},[59,63432,1725],{"class":77},[59,63434,107],{"class":73},[20,63436,63437],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[50,63439,63441],{"className":52,"code":63440,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63442,63443],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63446,715],{"class":135},[59,63448,139],{"class":73},[59,63450,1651],{"class":697},[59,63452,139],{"class":73},[59,63454,2159],{"class":178},[59,63456,710],{"class":73},[20,63458,168],{},[50,63460,63462],{"className":52,"code":63461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63463,63464],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63467,3021],{"class":697},[59,63469,1002],{"class":73},[59,63471,1734],{"class":77},[59,63473,2209],{"class":81},[59,63475,1725],{"class":77},[59,63477,1774],{"class":697},[59,63479,8101],{"class":69},[59,63481,8104],{"class":69},[59,63483,63484],{"class":65}," iterable\n",[20,63486,63487,63488,63490,63491,358],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[354,63489,1491],{"href":1490},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[354,63492,63493],{"href":52404},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[45,63495,63497],{"id":63496},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63499,63500,63501,63504],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63502,63503],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[50,63506,63508],{"className":52,"code":63507,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63509,63510,63530,63544,63548,63558,63568],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63511,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63513,12088],{"class":65},[59,63515,70],{"class":69},[59,63517,74],{"class":73},[59,63519,187],{"class":178},[59,63521,87],{"class":73},[59,63523,3009],{"class":178},[59,63525,87],{"class":73},[59,63527,2469],{"class":178},[59,63529,107],{"class":73},[59,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63533,14311],{"class":65},[59,63535,70],{"class":69},[59,63537,698],{"class":697},[59,63539,139],{"class":73},[59,63541,12135],{"class":142},[59,63543,165],{"class":73},[59,63545,63546],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,63547,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,63549,63550,63552,63554,63556],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,63551,715],{"class":135},[59,63553,139],{"class":73},[59,63555,12135],{"class":142},[59,63557,165],{"class":73},[59,63559,63560,63562,63564,63566],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,63561,715],{"class":135},[59,63563,139],{"class":73},[59,63565,14330],{"class":142},[59,63567,165],{"class":73},[59,63569,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,63571,715],{"class":135},[59,63573,139],{"class":73},[59,63575,12088],{"class":142},[59,63577,12196],{"class":120},[59,63579,14384],{"class":142},[59,63581,165],{"class":73},[20,63583,168],{},[50,63585,63587],{"className":52,"code":63586,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63588,63589,63605,63621],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63590,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63592,3914],{"class":73},[59,63594,187],{"class":178},[59,63596,87],{"class":73},[59,63598,3009],{"class":178},[59,63600,87],{"class":73},[59,63602,2469],{"class":178},[59,63604,107],{"class":73},[59,63606,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63608,3914],{"class":73},[59,63610,187],{"class":178},[59,63612,87],{"class":73},[59,63614,3009],{"class":178},[59,63616,87],{"class":73},[59,63618,2469],{"class":178},[59,63620,107],{"class":73},[59,63622,63623],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,63624,4055],{"class":3867},[20,63626,63627,63628,63630],{},"This means ",[15,63629,14330],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63632,63633,63634,63636],{},"However, this is only a ",[549,63635,12853],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[50,63638,63640],{"className":52,"code":63639,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63641,63642,63668,63682,63686,63704,63708,63718],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63643,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63645,12088],{"class":65},[59,63647,70],{"class":69},[59,63649,56099],{"class":73},[59,63651,187],{"class":178},[59,63653,87],{"class":73},[59,63655,3009],{"class":178},[59,63657,1697],{"class":73},[59,63659,74],{"class":73},[59,63661,950],{"class":178},[59,63663,87],{"class":73},[59,63665,2475],{"class":178},[59,63667,53047],{"class":73},[59,63669,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63671,14311],{"class":65},[59,63673,70],{"class":69},[59,63675,698],{"class":697},[59,63677,139],{"class":73},[59,63679,12135],{"class":142},[59,63681,165],{"class":73},[59,63683,63684],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,63685,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,63689,14330],{"class":65},[59,63691,3914],{"class":73},[59,63693,179],{"class":178},[59,63695,13549],{"class":73},[59,63697,13552],{"class":142},[59,63699,139],{"class":73},[59,63701,56152],{"class":178},[59,63703,165],{"class":73},[59,63705,63706],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,63707,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,63709,63710,63712,63714,63716],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,63711,715],{"class":135},[59,63713,139],{"class":73},[59,63715,12135],{"class":142},[59,63717,165],{"class":73},[59,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,63721,715],{"class":135},[59,63723,139],{"class":73},[59,63725,14330],{"class":142},[59,63727,165],{"class":73},[20,63729,168],{},[50,63731,63732],{"className":52,"code":56183,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,63733,63734,63760],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63735,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63737,56190],{"class":73},[59,63739,187],{"class":178},[59,63741,87],{"class":73},[59,63743,3009],{"class":178},[59,63745,87],{"class":73},[59,63747,10197],{"class":178},[59,63749,1697],{"class":73},[59,63751,74],{"class":73},[59,63753,950],{"class":178},[59,63755,87],{"class":73},[59,63757,2475],{"class":178},[59,63759,53047],{"class":73},[59,63761,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63763,56190],{"class":73},[59,63765,187],{"class":178},[59,63767,87],{"class":73},[59,63769,3009],{"class":178},[59,63771,87],{"class":73},[59,63773,10197],{"class":178},[59,63775,1697],{"class":73},[59,63777,74],{"class":73},[59,63779,950],{"class":178},[59,63781,87],{"class":73},[59,63783,2475],{"class":178},[59,63785,53047],{"class":73},[20,63787,63788],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63790,63791,63792,358],{},"For more on this, see ",[354,63793,13790],{"href":13789},[45,63795,63797],{"id":63796},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63799,63800,63801,358],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63802,24773],{},[1127,63804,63806],{"id":63805},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[50,63808,63810],{"className":52,"code":63809,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63811,63812,63852],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63813,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63815,12866],{"class":65},[59,63817,70],{"class":69},[59,63819,10491],{"class":73},[59,63821,78],{"class":77},[59,63823,7676],{"class":81},[59,63825,78],{"class":77},[59,63827,1002],{"class":73},[59,63829,90],{"class":77},[59,63831,7927],{"class":81},[59,63833,78],{"class":77},[59,63835,87],{"class":73},[59,63837,90],{"class":77},[59,63839,19890],{"class":81},[59,63841,78],{"class":77},[59,63843,1002],{"class":73},[59,63845,90],{"class":77},[59,63847,22242],{"class":81},[59,63849,78],{"class":77},[59,63851,9309],{"class":73},[59,63853,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63855,715],{"class":135},[59,63857,139],{"class":73},[59,63859,1651],{"class":697},[59,63861,139],{"class":73},[59,63863,13625],{"class":142},[59,63865,710],{"class":73},[20,63867,168],{},[50,63869,63871],{"className":52,"code":63870,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63872,63873],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63876,3914],{"class":73},[59,63878,1725],{"class":77},[59,63880,7676],{"class":81},[59,63882,1725],{"class":77},[59,63884,87],{"class":73},[59,63886,1734],{"class":77},[59,63888,19890],{"class":81},[59,63890,1725],{"class":77},[59,63892,107],{"class":73},[1127,63894,63896],{"id":63895},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[50,63898,63900],{"className":52,"code":63899,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63901,63902,63942],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63903,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63905,12866],{"class":65},[59,63907,70],{"class":69},[59,63909,10491],{"class":73},[59,63911,78],{"class":77},[59,63913,7676],{"class":81},[59,63915,78],{"class":77},[59,63917,1002],{"class":73},[59,63919,90],{"class":77},[59,63921,7927],{"class":81},[59,63923,78],{"class":77},[59,63925,87],{"class":73},[59,63927,90],{"class":77},[59,63929,19890],{"class":81},[59,63931,78],{"class":77},[59,63933,1002],{"class":73},[59,63935,90],{"class":77},[59,63937,22242],{"class":81},[59,63939,78],{"class":77},[59,63941,9309],{"class":73},[59,63943,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,63945,715],{"class":135},[59,63947,139],{"class":73},[59,63949,1651],{"class":697},[59,63951,139],{"class":73},[59,63953,13625],{"class":142},[59,63955,358],{"class":73},[59,63957,5366],{"class":142},[59,63959,6296],{"class":73},[20,63961,168],{},[50,63963,63965],{"className":52,"code":63964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63966,63967],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63968,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63970,3914],{"class":73},[59,63972,1725],{"class":77},[59,63974,7927],{"class":81},[59,63976,1725],{"class":77},[59,63978,87],{"class":73},[59,63980,1734],{"class":77},[59,63982,22242],{"class":81},[59,63984,1725],{"class":77},[59,63986,107],{"class":73},[1127,63988,63990],{"id":63989},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[50,63992,63994],{"className":52,"code":63993,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63995,63996,64036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,63997,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,63999,12866],{"class":65},[59,64001,70],{"class":69},[59,64003,10491],{"class":73},[59,64005,78],{"class":77},[59,64007,7676],{"class":81},[59,64009,78],{"class":77},[59,64011,1002],{"class":73},[59,64013,90],{"class":77},[59,64015,7927],{"class":81},[59,64017,78],{"class":77},[59,64019,87],{"class":73},[59,64021,90],{"class":77},[59,64023,19890],{"class":81},[59,64025,78],{"class":77},[59,64027,1002],{"class":73},[59,64029,90],{"class":77},[59,64031,22242],{"class":81},[59,64033,78],{"class":77},[59,64035,9309],{"class":73},[59,64037,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64039,715],{"class":135},[59,64041,139],{"class":73},[59,64043,1651],{"class":697},[59,64045,139],{"class":73},[59,64047,13625],{"class":142},[59,64049,358],{"class":73},[59,64051,1297],{"class":142},[59,64053,6296],{"class":73},[20,64055,168],{},[50,64057,64059],{"className":52,"code":64058,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64060,64061],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64064,734],{"class":73},[59,64066,1725],{"class":77},[59,64068,7676],{"class":81},[59,64070,1725],{"class":77},[59,64072,87],{"class":73},[59,64074,1734],{"class":77},[59,64076,7927],{"class":81},[59,64078,1725],{"class":77},[59,64080,744],{"class":73},[59,64082,747],{"class":73},[59,64084,1725],{"class":77},[59,64086,19890],{"class":81},[59,64088,1725],{"class":77},[59,64090,87],{"class":73},[59,64092,1734],{"class":77},[59,64094,22242],{"class":81},[59,64096,1725],{"class":77},[59,64098,766],{"class":73},[20,64100,64101],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[45,64103,64105],{"id":64104},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64107,201,64108,10602],{},[15,64109,24773],{},[29,64111,64112,64120,64129],{},[32,64113,64114,64115,2896,64117],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64116,52457],{},[15,64118,64119],{},"sort()",[32,64121,64122,64123,2896,64125,64128],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64124,535],{},[15,64126,64127],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[32,64130,64131],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64133,45842,64134,1002],{},[15,64135,64127],{},[50,64137,64139],{"className":52,"code":64138,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64140,64141,64165,64181,64185,64208],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64144,249],{"class":65},[59,64146,70],{"class":69},[59,64148,74],{"class":73},[59,64150,78],{"class":77},[59,64152,258],{"class":81},[59,64154,78],{"class":77},[59,64156,87],{"class":73},[59,64158,90],{"class":77},[59,64160,267],{"class":81},[59,64162,78],{"class":77},[59,64164,107],{"class":73},[59,64166,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64168,5077],{"class":65},[59,64170,70],{"class":69},[59,64172,74],{"class":73},[59,64174,13501],{"class":178},[59,64176,87],{"class":73},[59,64178,13506],{"class":178},[59,64180,107],{"class":73},[59,64182,64183],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,64184,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,64188,9219],{"class":65},[59,64190,70],{"class":69},[59,64192,698],{"class":697},[59,64194,139],{"class":73},[59,64196,64197],{"class":135},"zip",[59,64199,139],{"class":73},[59,64201,304],{"class":142},[59,64203,87],{"class":73},[59,64205,5124],{"class":142},[59,64207,710],{"class":73},[59,64209,64210,64212,64214,64216],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,64211,715],{"class":135},[59,64213,139],{"class":73},[59,64215,9263],{"class":142},[59,64217,165],{"class":73},[20,64219,168],{},[50,64221,64223],{"className":52,"code":64222,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64224,64225],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64226,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64228,734],{"class":73},[59,64230,1725],{"class":77},[59,64232,258],{"class":81},[59,64234,1725],{"class":77},[59,64236,87],{"class":73},[59,64238,19897],{"class":178},[59,64240,744],{"class":73},[59,64242,747],{"class":73},[59,64244,1725],{"class":77},[59,64246,267],{"class":81},[59,64248,1725],{"class":77},[59,64250,87],{"class":73},[59,64252,13506],{"class":178},[59,64254,766],{"class":73},[20,64256,64257,64258,64260,64261,358],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64259,52457],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[354,64262,52854],{"href":52853},[45,64264,4534],{"id":4533},[20,64266,56581,64267,358],{},[15,64268,24773],{},[1127,64270,64272],{"id":64271},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64274,4541],{},[50,64276,64278],{"className":52,"code":64277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64279,64280,64284],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64281,64282],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64283,4551],{"class":3678},[59,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64287,1651],{"class":697},[59,64289,139],{"class":73},[59,64291,187],{"class":178},[59,64293,87],{"class":73},[59,64295,3009],{"class":178},[59,64297,87],{"class":73},[59,64299,2469],{"class":178},[59,64301,165],{"class":73},[20,64303,64304,64306],{},[15,64305,24773],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64308,18693],{},[50,64310,64312],{"className":52,"code":64311,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64313,64314],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64315,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64317,715],{"class":135},[59,64319,139],{"class":73},[59,64321,1651],{"class":697},[59,64323,5519],{"class":73},[59,64325,187],{"class":178},[59,64327,87],{"class":73},[59,64329,3009],{"class":178},[59,64331,87],{"class":73},[59,64333,2469],{"class":178},[59,64335,1706],{"class":73},[1127,64337,64339,64340],{"id":64338},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[59,64341,64342],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64344,64345],{},"This is a common surprise:",[50,64347,64349],{"className":52,"code":64348,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64350,64351],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64352,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64354,715],{"class":135},[59,64356,139],{"class":73},[59,64358,1651],{"class":697},[59,64360,139],{"class":73},[59,64362,78],{"class":77},[59,64364,3860],{"class":81},[59,64366,78],{"class":77},[59,64368,710],{"class":73},[20,64370,168],{},[50,64372,64374],{"className":52,"code":64373,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64375,64376],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64379,3914],{"class":73},[59,64381,1725],{"class":77},[59,64383,60245],{"class":81},[59,64385,1725],{"class":77},[59,64387,87],{"class":73},[59,64389,1734],{"class":77},[59,64391,60254],{"class":81},[59,64393,1725],{"class":77},[59,64395,87],{"class":73},[59,64397,1734],{"class":77},[59,64399,60263],{"class":81},[59,64401,1725],{"class":77},[59,64403,87],{"class":73},[59,64405,1734],{"class":77},[59,64407,60263],{"class":81},[59,64409,1725],{"class":77},[59,64411,87],{"class":73},[59,64413,1734],{"class":77},[59,64415,60280],{"class":81},[59,64417,1725],{"class":77},[59,64419,107],{"class":73},[20,64421,64422],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64424,64425],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[50,64427,64429],{"className":52,"code":64428,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64430,64431],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64432,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64434,715],{"class":135},[59,64436,1629],{"class":73},[59,64438,78],{"class":77},[59,64440,3860],{"class":81},[59,64442,78],{"class":77},[59,64444,3902],{"class":73},[1127,64446,64448],{"id":64447},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64450,64451],{},"This:",[50,64453,64455],{"className":52,"code":64454,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64456,64457,64489],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64458,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64460,9170],{"class":65},[59,64462,70],{"class":69},[59,64464,10491],{"class":73},[59,64466,78],{"class":77},[59,64468,354],{"class":81},[59,64470,78],{"class":77},[59,64472,1002],{"class":73},[59,64474,5506],{"class":178},[59,64476,87],{"class":73},[59,64478,90],{"class":77},[59,64480,442],{"class":81},[59,64482,78],{"class":77},[59,64484,1002],{"class":73},[59,64486,3009],{"class":178},[59,64488,9309],{"class":73},[59,64490,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64492,715],{"class":135},[59,64494,139],{"class":73},[59,64496,1651],{"class":697},[59,64498,139],{"class":73},[59,64500,9208],{"class":142},[59,64502,710],{"class":73},[20,64504,64505],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64507,201,64508,64511],{},[15,64509,64510],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1127,64513,64515],{"id":64514},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64517,64518,64520],{},[15,64519,24773],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64522,64523],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[45,64525,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,64527,5190,64529,64531],{"id":64528},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[59,64530],{}," and list()?",[20,64533,64534,64535,64537,64538,64540],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64536,3801],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64539,24773],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1127,64542,64544],{"id":64543},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64546,64547,64548,64550],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64549,24773],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1127,64552,64554],{"id":64553},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64556,64557],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1127,64559,64561],{"id":64560},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64563,64564],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1127,64566,64568],{"id":64567},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64570,64571,64572,64574],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64573,24773],{}," cannot loop through it.",[45,64576,1927],{"id":1926},[29,64578,64579,64583,64588,64592,64596,64600,64604,64609],{},[32,64580,64581],{},[354,64582,52576],{"href":50783},[32,64584,64585],{},[354,64586,64587],{"href":532},"Python range() function explained",[32,64589,64590],{},[354,64591,63025],{"href":63024},[32,64593,64594],{},[354,64595,63357],{"href":63356},[32,64597,64598],{},[354,64599,1951],{"href":1490},[32,64601,64602],{},[354,64603,13790],{"href":13789},[32,64605,64606],{},[354,64607,64608],{"href":52404},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,64610,64611],{},[354,64612,54083],{"href":52853},[1953,64614,64615],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":64617},[64618,64619,64620,64621,64622,64629,64630,64631,64636,64637,64644,64652],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":62727,"depth":110,"text":62728},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":59426,"depth":110,"text":59427},{"id":62955,"depth":110,"text":62956,"children":64623},[64624,64625,64626,64627,64628],{"id":62959,"depth":117,"text":62960},{"id":63028,"depth":117,"text":63029},{"id":63106,"depth":117,"text":63107},{"id":63181,"depth":117,"text":63182},{"id":63248,"depth":117,"text":63249},{"id":63360,"depth":110,"text":63361},{"id":63496,"depth":110,"text":63497},{"id":63796,"depth":110,"text":63797,"children":64632},[64633,64634,64635],{"id":63805,"depth":117,"text":63806},{"id":63895,"depth":117,"text":63896},{"id":63989,"depth":117,"text":63990},{"id":64104,"depth":110,"text":64105},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":64638},[64639,64640,64642,64643],{"id":64271,"depth":117,"text":64272},{"id":64338,"depth":117,"text":64641},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64447,"depth":117,"text":64448},{"id":64514,"depth":117,"text":64515},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":64645},[64646,64648,64649,64650,64651],{"id":64528,"depth":117,"text":64647},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64543,"depth":117,"text":64544},{"id":64553,"depth":117,"text":64554},{"id":64560,"depth":117,"text":64561},{"id":64567,"depth":117,"text":64568},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62561,"description":64653},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64660,"title":64661,"body":64662,"description":66013,"extension":1988,"meta":66014,"navigation":113,"path":66015,"seo":66016,"stem":66017,"__hash__":66018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64663,"toc":65987},[64664,64669,64675,64684,64686,64759,64768,64773,64777,64793,64797,64799,64801,64820,64823,64851,64854,64879,64887,64889,64894,64901,64903,64960,64962,64970,64976,64980,64983,65056,65058,65066,65069,65092,65099,65105,65109,65115,65186,65188,65196,65205,65212,65219,65227,65371,65373,65390,65393,65432,65435,65439,65444,65446,65505,65511,65514,65621,65623,65638,65641,65648,65650,65654,65802,65805,65866,65869,65872,65893,65898,65902,65913,65916,65918,65923,65926,65934,65939,65945,65948,65954,65962,65964,65984],[10,64665,54147,64667,11324],{"id":64666},"python-list-index-method",[15,64668,58774],{},[20,64670,64671,64674],{},[15,64672,64673],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64676,64677,64678,64681,64682,358],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[549,64679,64680],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64683,40503],{},[45,64685,3624],{"id":3623},[50,64687,64689],{"className":52,"code":64688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64690,64691,64723,64746],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64692,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64694,1251],{"class":65},[59,64696,70],{"class":69},[59,64698,74],{"class":73},[59,64700,78],{"class":77},[59,64702,588],{"class":81},[59,64704,78],{"class":77},[59,64706,87],{"class":73},[59,64708,90],{"class":77},[59,64710,597],{"class":81},[59,64712,78],{"class":77},[59,64714,87],{"class":73},[59,64716,90],{"class":77},[59,64718,4110],{"class":81},[59,64720,78],{"class":77},[59,64722,107],{"class":73},[59,64724,64725,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64726,64727],{"class":65},"position ",[59,64729,70],{"class":69},[59,64731,5972],{"class":65},[59,64733,358],{"class":73},[59,64735,157],{"class":142},[59,64737,139],{"class":73},[59,64739,78],{"class":77},[59,64741,597],{"class":81},[59,64743,78],{"class":77},[59,64745,165],{"class":73},[59,64747,64748,64750,64752,64755,64757],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,64749,715],{"class":135},[59,64751,139],{"class":73},[59,64753,64754],{"class":142},"position",[59,64756,3675],{"class":73},[59,64758,27770],{"class":3678},[20,64760,201,64761,64764,64765,64767],{},[15,64762,64763],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64766,40503],{}," if the item is not found.",[45,64769,208,64771,211],{"id":64770},"what-listindex-does",[15,64772,64673],{},[20,64774,64775,1002],{},[15,64776,64673],{},[29,64778,64779,64782,64785,64790],{},[32,64780,64781],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[32,64783,64784],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[32,64786,64787,64788],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64789,179],{},[32,64791,64792],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64794,54372,64795,358],{},[354,64796,52576],{"href":54375},[45,64798,362],{"id":361},[20,64800,30713],{},[50,64802,64804],{"className":52,"code":64803,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64805,64806],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64807,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64809,8344],{"class":65},[59,64811,358],{"class":73},[59,64813,157],{"class":142},[59,64815,139],{"class":73},[59,64817,1217],{"class":142},[59,64819,165],{"class":73},[20,64821,64822],{},"You can also limit the search:",[50,64824,64826],{"className":52,"code":64825,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64827,64828],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64829,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64849],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64831,8344],{"class":65},[59,64833,358],{"class":73},[59,64835,157],{"class":142},[59,64837,139],{"class":73},[59,64839,1217],{"class":142},[59,64841,87],{"class":73},[59,64843,386],{"class":142},[59,64845,87],{"class":73},[59,64847,64848],{"class":142}," end",[59,64850,165],{"class":73},[20,64852,64853],{},"Here is what each part means:",[29,64855,64856,64861,64866,64871],{},[32,64857,64858,64860],{},[15,64859,1217],{},": the item to search for",[32,64862,64863,64865],{},[15,64864,407],{},": where the search begins",[32,64867,64868,64870],{},[15,64869,52465],{},": where the search stops",[32,64872,64873,1205,64875,64878],{},[15,64874,52465],{},[549,64876,64877],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64880,64881,64882,64884,64885,358],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64883,407],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64886,52465],{},[45,64888,37818],{"id":37817},[20,64890,64891,64893],{},[15,64892,64673],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64895,64896,64897,64900],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[549,64898,64899],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64902,239],{},[50,64904,64906],{"className":52,"code":64905,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64907,64908,64928,64946,64950],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64911,664],{"class":65},[59,64913,70],{"class":69},[59,64915,74],{"class":73},[59,64917,671],{"class":178},[59,64919,87],{"class":73},[59,64921,676],{"class":178},[59,64923,87],{"class":73},[59,64925,681],{"class":178},[59,64927,107],{"class":73},[59,64929,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,64931,692],{"class":65},[59,64933,70],{"class":69},[59,64935,4277],{"class":65},[59,64937,358],{"class":73},[59,64939,157],{"class":142},[59,64941,139],{"class":73},[59,64943,1222],{"class":178},[59,64945,165],{"class":73},[59,64947,64948],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,64949,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,64951,64952,64954,64956,64958],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,64953,715],{"class":135},[59,64955,139],{"class":73},[59,64957,720],{"class":142},[59,64959,165],{"class":73},[20,64961,168],{},[50,64963,64964],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,64965,64966],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64967,64968],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64969,46719],{"class":178},[20,64971,64972,64973,64975],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64974,58774],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[45,64977,64979],{"id":64978},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64981,64982],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[50,64984,64986],{"className":52,"code":64985,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64987,64988,65020,65042,65046],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,64989,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,64991,579],{"class":65},[59,64993,70],{"class":69},[59,64995,74],{"class":73},[59,64997,78],{"class":77},[59,64999,588],{"class":81},[59,65001,78],{"class":77},[59,65003,87],{"class":73},[59,65005,90],{"class":77},[59,65007,597],{"class":81},[59,65009,78],{"class":77},[59,65011,87],{"class":73},[59,65013,90],{"class":77},[59,65015,4110],{"class":81},[59,65017,78],{"class":77},[59,65019,107],{"class":73},[59,65021,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65023,64727],{"class":65},[59,65025,70],{"class":69},[59,65027,52656],{"class":65},[59,65029,358],{"class":73},[59,65031,157],{"class":142},[59,65033,139],{"class":73},[59,65035,78],{"class":77},[59,65037,4110],{"class":81},[59,65039,78],{"class":77},[59,65041,165],{"class":73},[59,65043,65044],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65045,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,65047,65048,65050,65052,65054],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,65049,715],{"class":135},[59,65051,139],{"class":73},[59,65053,64754],{"class":142},[59,65055,165],{"class":73},[20,65057,168],{},[50,65059,65060],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,65061,65062],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65063,65064],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65065,17056],{"class":178},[20,65067,65068],{},"In this list:",[29,65070,65071,65078,65085],{},[32,65072,65073,65075,65076],{},[15,65074,57639],{}," is at index ",[15,65077,179],{},[32,65079,65080,65075,65083],{},[15,65081,65082],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65084,187],{},[32,65086,65087,65075,65090],{},[15,65088,65089],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65091,195],{},[20,65093,53458,65094,2414,65097,358],{},[15,65095,65096],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65098,195],{},[20,65100,51347,65101,358],{},[354,65102,65104],{"href":65103},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[45,65106,65108],{"id":65107},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65110,65111,65112,65114],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65113,58774],{}," returns the first match only.",[50,65116,65118],{"className":52,"code":65117,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65119,65120,65160,65164],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65121,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65123,66],{"class":65},[59,65125,70],{"class":69},[59,65127,74],{"class":73},[59,65129,78],{"class":77},[59,65131,82],{"class":81},[59,65133,78],{"class":77},[59,65135,87],{"class":73},[59,65137,90],{"class":77},[59,65139,102],{"class":81},[59,65141,78],{"class":77},[59,65143,87],{"class":73},[59,65145,90],{"class":77},[59,65147,82],{"class":81},[59,65149,78],{"class":77},[59,65151,87],{"class":73},[59,65153,90],{"class":77},[59,65155,93],{"class":81},[59,65157,78],{"class":77},[59,65159,107],{"class":73},[59,65161,65162],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65163,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,65165,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65167,715],{"class":135},[59,65169,139],{"class":73},[59,65171,143],{"class":142},[59,65173,358],{"class":73},[59,65175,157],{"class":142},[59,65177,139],{"class":73},[59,65179,78],{"class":77},[59,65181,82],{"class":81},[59,65183,78],{"class":77},[59,65185,710],{"class":73},[20,65187,168],{},[50,65189,65190],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,65191,65192],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65193,65194],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65195,47054],{"class":178},[20,65197,20977,65198,65201,65202,65204],{},[15,65199,65200],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65203,179],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65206,65207,65208,358],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[354,65209,55325,65210,10742],{"href":58833},[15,65211,57096],{},[45,65213,1599,65215,4408,65217],{"id":65214},"using-start-and-end",[15,65216,407],{},[15,65218,52465],{},[20,65220,65221,65222,4408,65224,65226],{},"The optional ",[15,65223,407],{},[15,65225,52465],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[50,65228,65230],{"className":52,"code":65229,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65231,65232,65280,65284,65309,65338],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65233,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65235,425],{"class":65},[59,65237,70],{"class":69},[59,65239,74],{"class":73},[59,65241,78],{"class":77},[59,65243,354],{"class":81},[59,65245,78],{"class":77},[59,65247,87],{"class":73},[59,65249,90],{"class":77},[59,65251,442],{"class":81},[59,65253,78],{"class":77},[59,65255,87],{"class":73},[59,65257,90],{"class":77},[59,65259,451],{"class":81},[59,65261,78],{"class":77},[59,65263,87],{"class":73},[59,65265,90],{"class":77},[59,65267,442],{"class":81},[59,65269,78],{"class":77},[59,65271,87],{"class":73},[59,65273,90],{"class":77},[59,65275,18766],{"class":81},[59,65277,78],{"class":77},[59,65279,107],{"class":73},[59,65281,65282],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65283,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,65285,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65287,715],{"class":135},[59,65289,139],{"class":73},[59,65291,480],{"class":142},[59,65293,358],{"class":73},[59,65295,157],{"class":142},[59,65297,139],{"class":73},[59,65299,78],{"class":77},[59,65301,442],{"class":81},[59,65303,78],{"class":77},[59,65305,5369],{"class":73},[59,65307,65308],{"class":3678},"        # first match\n",[59,65310,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,65312,715],{"class":135},[59,65314,139],{"class":73},[59,65316,480],{"class":142},[59,65318,358],{"class":73},[59,65320,157],{"class":142},[59,65322,139],{"class":73},[59,65324,78],{"class":77},[59,65326,442],{"class":81},[59,65328,78],{"class":77},[59,65330,87],{"class":73},[59,65332,3009],{"class":178},[59,65334,5369],{"class":73},[59,65336,65337],{"class":3678},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[59,65339,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,65341,715],{"class":135},[59,65343,139],{"class":73},[59,65345,480],{"class":142},[59,65347,358],{"class":73},[59,65349,157],{"class":142},[59,65351,139],{"class":73},[59,65353,78],{"class":77},[59,65355,442],{"class":81},[59,65357,78],{"class":77},[59,65359,87],{"class":73},[59,65361,5506],{"class":178},[59,65363,87],{"class":73},[59,65365,2475],{"class":178},[59,65367,5369],{"class":73},[59,65369,65370],{"class":3678},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65372,168],{},[50,65374,65376],{"className":52,"code":65375,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65377,65378,65382,65386],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65379,65380],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65381,46719],{"class":178},[59,65383,65384],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65385,46419],{"class":178},[59,65387,65388],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65389,46719],{"class":178},[20,65391,65392],{},"How this works:",[29,65394,65395,65407,65420],{},[32,65396,65397,65400,65401,65404,65405],{},[15,65398,65399],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65402,65403],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65406,187],{},[32,65408,65409,65412,65413,65415,65416,65404,65418],{},[15,65410,65411],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65414,195],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65417,65403],{},[15,65419,950],{},[32,65421,65422,65425,65426,1208,65428,17072,65430],{},[15,65423,65424],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65427,187],{},[15,65429,195],{},[15,65431,950],{},[20,65433,65434],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[45,65436,65438],{"id":65437},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65440,65441,65442,358],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65443,40503],{},[20,65445,239],{},[50,65447,65449],{"className":52,"code":65448,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65450,65451,65483],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65452,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65454,1251],{"class":65},[59,65456,70],{"class":69},[59,65458,74],{"class":73},[59,65460,78],{"class":77},[59,65462,588],{"class":81},[59,65464,78],{"class":77},[59,65466,87],{"class":73},[59,65468,90],{"class":77},[59,65470,597],{"class":81},[59,65472,78],{"class":77},[59,65474,87],{"class":73},[59,65476,90],{"class":77},[59,65478,4110],{"class":81},[59,65480,78],{"class":77},[59,65482,107],{"class":73},[59,65484,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65486,715],{"class":135},[59,65488,139],{"class":73},[59,65490,1297],{"class":142},[59,65492,358],{"class":73},[59,65494,157],{"class":142},[59,65496,139],{"class":73},[59,65498,78],{"class":77},[59,65500,606],{"class":81},[59,65502,78],{"class":77},[59,65504,710],{"class":73},[20,65506,39452,65507,65510],{},[15,65508,65509],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65512,65513],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[50,65515,65517],{"className":52,"code":65516,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65518,65519,65551,65564,65568,65581,65600,65606],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65520,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65522,1251],{"class":65},[59,65524,70],{"class":69},[59,65526,74],{"class":73},[59,65528,78],{"class":77},[59,65530,588],{"class":81},[59,65532,78],{"class":77},[59,65534,87],{"class":73},[59,65536,90],{"class":77},[59,65538,597],{"class":81},[59,65540,78],{"class":77},[59,65542,87],{"class":73},[59,65544,90],{"class":77},[59,65546,4110],{"class":81},[59,65548,78],{"class":77},[59,65550,107],{"class":73},[59,65552,65553,65556,65558,65560,65562],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65554,65555],{"class":65},"search_value ",[59,65557,70],{"class":69},[59,65559,90],{"class":77},[59,65561,606],{"class":81},[59,65563,3374],{"class":77},[59,65565,65566],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65567,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,65569,65570,65572,65575,65577,65579],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,65571,7004],{"class":120},[59,65573,65574],{"class":65}," search_value ",[59,65576,132],{"class":69},[59,65578,5972],{"class":65},[59,65580,1561],{"class":73},[59,65582,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65598],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,65584,152],{"class":135},[59,65586,139],{"class":73},[59,65588,1297],{"class":142},[59,65590,358],{"class":73},[59,65592,157],{"class":142},[59,65594,139],{"class":73},[59,65596,65597],{"class":142},"search_value",[59,65599,710],{"class":73},[59,65601,65602,65604],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,65603,27424],{"class":120},[59,65605,1561],{"class":73},[59,65607,65608,65610,65612,65614,65617,65619],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,65609,152],{"class":135},[59,65611,139],{"class":73},[59,65613,78],{"class":77},[59,65615,65616],{"class":81},"Item not found",[59,65618,78],{"class":77},[59,65620,165],{"class":73},[20,65622,168],{},[50,65624,65626],{"className":52,"code":65625,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Item not found\n",[15,65627,65628],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65629,65630,65633,65635],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65631,65632],{"class":65},"Item ",[59,65634,4647],{"class":69},[59,65636,65637],{"class":65}," found\n",[20,65639,65640],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65642,65643,65644,358],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[354,65645,65647],{"href":65646},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[45,65649,4534],{"id":4533},[20,65651,21211,65652,1002],{},[15,65653,64673],{},[29,65655,65656,65674,65686,65746],{},[32,65657,25764,65658,2414,65660,65663,65664,65666,65667,5172,65669,65671,65672,358],{},[15,65659,58774],{},[15,65661,65662],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9846,65665],{},"\nPython does ",[549,65668,4647],{},[15,65670,65662],{},". It raises ",[15,65673,40503],{},[32,65675,65676,65677,65679,65682,65683,65685],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9846,65678],{},[15,65680,65681],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65684,65082],{},", not the value itself.",[32,65687,1599,65688,999,65691,65693,65695,65696,16656,65698,65721,16644,65723],{},[15,65689,65690],{},"index[]",[15,65692,58774],{},[9846,65694],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9846,65697],{},[50,65699,65701],{"className":52,"code":65700,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65702,65703],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65704,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65706,1297],{"class":65},[59,65708,358],{"class":73},[59,65710,157],{"class":142},[59,65712,139],{"class":73},[59,65714,78],{"class":77},[59,65716,597],{"class":81},[59,65718,78],{"class":77},[59,65720,165],{"class":73},[9846,65722],{},[50,65724,65726],{"className":52,"code":65725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65727,65728],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65729,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65731,1297],{"class":65},[59,65733,358],{"class":73},[59,65735,157],{"class":929},[59,65737,3914],{"class":73},[59,65739,78],{"class":77},[59,65741,597],{"class":81},[59,65743,78],{"class":77},[59,65745,107],{"class":73},[32,65747,65748,65749,65751,4408,65754,65756,65757],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9846,65750],{},[15,65752,65753],{},"\"3\"",[15,65755,950],{}," are different values in Python.",[50,65758,65760],{"className":52,"code":65759,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65761,65762,65782],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65763,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65765,664],{"class":65},[59,65767,70],{"class":69},[59,65769,74],{"class":73},[59,65771,187],{"class":178},[59,65773,87],{"class":73},[59,65775,3009],{"class":178},[59,65777,87],{"class":73},[59,65779,2469],{"class":178},[59,65781,107],{"class":73},[59,65783,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65785,715],{"class":135},[59,65787,139],{"class":73},[59,65789,78],{"class":77},[59,65791,950],{"class":81},[59,65793,78],{"class":77},[59,65795,21173],{"class":120},[59,65797,4277],{"class":142},[59,65799,3675],{"class":73},[59,65801,4788],{"class":3678},[20,65803,65804],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[50,65806,65808],{"className":52,"code":65807,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65809,65810,65820,65834,65848],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,65811,65812,65814,65816,65818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,65813,715],{"class":135},[59,65815,139],{"class":73},[59,65817,8344],{"class":142},[59,65819,165],{"class":73},[59,65821,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,65823,715],{"class":135},[59,65825,139],{"class":73},[59,65827,3239],{"class":697},[59,65829,139],{"class":73},[59,65831,65597],{"class":142},[59,65833,710],{"class":73},[59,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,65837,715],{"class":135},[59,65839,139],{"class":73},[59,65841,65555],{"class":142},[59,65843,132],{"class":120},[59,65845,8400],{"class":142},[59,65847,165],{"class":73},[59,65849,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,65851,715],{"class":135},[59,65853,139],{"class":73},[59,65855,8344],{"class":142},[59,65857,358],{"class":73},[59,65859,157],{"class":142},[59,65861,139],{"class":73},[59,65863,65597],{"class":142},[59,65865,710],{"class":73},[20,65867,65868],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65870,65871],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[29,65873,65874,65877,65884,65890],{},[32,65875,65876],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[32,65878,65879,65880,999,65882],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65881,65753],{},[15,65883,950],{},[32,65885,65886,65887,65889],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65888,58774],{}," returns only the first one",[32,65891,65892],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[45,65894,776,65896],{"id":65895},"when-to-use-index",[15,65897,58774],{},[20,65899,201,65900,10602],{},[15,65901,58774],{},[29,65903,65904,65907,65910],{},[32,65905,65906],{},"You need the position of a known value",[32,65908,65909],{},"You are working with a small list",[32,65911,65912],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65914,65915],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[45,65917,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,65919,1872,65921,1875],{"id":65920},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65922,64673],{},[20,65924,65925],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1127,65927,1882,65929,5172,65931,65933],{"id":65928},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65930,64673],{},[15,65932,65662],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65935,65936,65937,6638],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65938,40503],{},[1127,65940,1914,65942,65944],{"id":65941},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65943,64673],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65946,65947],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1127,65949,65951,65952,1905],{"id":65950},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65953,58774],{},[20,65955,65956,65957,4408,65959,65961],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65958,407],{},[15,65960,52465],{}," arguments.",[45,65963,1927],{"id":1926},[29,65965,65966,65970,65974,65978],{},[32,65967,65968],{},[354,65969,58762],{"href":65103},[32,65971,65972],{},[354,65973,52576],{"href":54375},[32,65975,65976],{},[354,65977,65647],{"href":65646},[32,65979,65980],{},[354,65981,55325,65982,10742],{"href":58833},[15,65983,57096],{},[1953,65985,65986],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":65988},[65989,65990,65992,65993,65994,65995,65996,65998,65999,66000,66002,66012],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":64770,"depth":110,"text":65991},"What list.index() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":37817,"depth":110,"text":37818},{"id":64978,"depth":110,"text":64979},{"id":65107,"depth":110,"text":65108},{"id":65214,"depth":110,"text":65997},"Using start and end",{"id":65437,"depth":110,"text":65438},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534},{"id":65895,"depth":110,"text":66001},"When to use index()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":66003},[66004,66006,66008,66010],{"id":65920,"depth":117,"text":66005},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65928,"depth":117,"text":66007},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65941,"depth":117,"text":66009},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65950,"depth":117,"text":66011},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64661,"description":66013},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66020,"title":66021,"body":66022,"description":67964,"extension":1988,"meta":67965,"navigation":113,"path":67966,"seo":67967,"stem":67968,"__hash__":67969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66023,"toc":67924},[66024,66029,66034,66037,66046,66103,66109,66114,66118,66132,66138,66140,66163,66180,66182,66243,66245,66277,66290,66292,66295,66395,66397,66475,66481,66485,66493,66497,66503,66558,66560,66584,66588,66591,66644,66646,66670,66674,66677,66730,66732,66756,66760,66766,66837,66839,66880,66886,66893,66896,66901,66909,66914,66922,66924,67021,67023,67092,67099,67104,67106,67110,67115,67117,67188,67190,67219,67225,67227,67254,67257,67280,67284,67287,67309,67312,67335,67337,67397,67399,67431,67437,67442,67495,67497,67522,67525,67574,67576,67597,67601,67606,67609,67664,67666,67693,67700,67704,67709,67780,67783,67797,67802,67807,67809,67823,67835,67840,67842,67847,67852,67856,67859,67865,67871,67878,67886,67888,67921],[10,66025,54147,66027,11324],{"id":66026},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66028,54073],{},[20,66030,66031,66033],{},[15,66032,53716],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66035,66036],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66038,201,66039,66041,66042,358],{},[15,66040,54073],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[354,66043,55325,66044,10742],{"href":56574},[15,66045,52457],{},[50,66047,66049],{"className":52,"code":66048,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66050,66051,66071,66089,66099],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66052,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66054,664],{"class":65},[59,66056,70],{"class":69},[59,66058,74],{"class":73},[59,66060,187],{"class":178},[59,66062,87],{"class":73},[59,66064,3009],{"class":178},[59,66066,87],{"class":73},[59,66068,2475],{"class":178},[59,66070,107],{"class":73},[59,66072,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66074,707],{"class":65},[59,66076,358],{"class":73},[59,66078,53756],{"class":142},[59,66080,139],{"class":73},[59,66082,195],{"class":178},[59,66084,87],{"class":73},[59,66086,2469],{"class":178},[59,66088,165],{"class":73},[59,66090,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66092,715],{"class":135},[59,66094,139],{"class":73},[59,66096,707],{"class":142},[59,66098,165],{"class":73},[59,66100,66101],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,66102,52528],{"class":3678},[20,66104,201,66105,66108],{},[15,66106,66107],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[45,66110,208,66112,211],{"id":66111},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66113,53716],{},[20,66115,66116,1002],{},[15,66117,53716],{},[29,66119,66120,66123,66126,66128],{},[32,66121,66122],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[32,66124,66125],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[32,66127,54233],{},[32,66129,11426,66130],{},[15,66131,3792],{},[20,66133,66134,66135,66137],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66136,54073],{}," does not create a new list.",[45,66139,5439],{"id":5438},[50,66141,66143],{"className":52,"code":66142,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66144,66145],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66148,8344],{"class":65},[59,66150,358],{"class":73},[59,66152,53756],{"class":142},[59,66154,139],{"class":73},[59,66156,157],{"class":142},[59,66158,87],{"class":73},[59,66160,1312],{"class":142},[59,66162,165],{"class":73},[29,66164,66165,66170,66175],{},[32,66166,66167,66169],{},[15,66168,157],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[32,66171,66172,66174],{},[15,66173,23304],{}," is the value to add",[32,66176,66177,66178],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66179,179],{},[20,66181,239],{},[50,66183,66185],{"className":52,"code":66184,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66186,66187,66211,66233],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66190,425],{"class":65},[59,66192,70],{"class":69},[59,66194,74],{"class":73},[59,66196,78],{"class":77},[59,66198,354],{"class":81},[59,66200,78],{"class":77},[59,66202,87],{"class":73},[59,66204,90],{"class":77},[59,66206,451],{"class":81},[59,66208,78],{"class":77},[59,66210,107],{"class":73},[59,66212,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66214,480],{"class":65},[59,66216,358],{"class":73},[59,66218,53756],{"class":142},[59,66220,139],{"class":73},[59,66222,187],{"class":178},[59,66224,87],{"class":73},[59,66226,90],{"class":77},[59,66228,442],{"class":81},[59,66230,78],{"class":77},[59,66232,165],{"class":73},[59,66234,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66236,715],{"class":135},[59,66238,139],{"class":73},[59,66240,480],{"class":142},[59,66242,165],{"class":73},[20,66244,168],{},[50,66246,66247],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,66248,66249],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66250,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66252,3914],{"class":73},[59,66254,1725],{"class":77},[59,66256,354],{"class":81},[59,66258,1725],{"class":77},[59,66260,87],{"class":73},[59,66262,1734],{"class":77},[59,66264,442],{"class":81},[59,66266,1725],{"class":77},[59,66268,87],{"class":73},[59,66270,1734],{"class":77},[59,66272,451],{"class":81},[59,66274,1725],{"class":77},[59,66276,107],{"class":73},[20,66278,20770,66279,66281,66282,66284,66285,4408,66287,358],{},[15,66280,65403],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66283,187],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66286,18094],{},[15,66288,66289],{},"\"c\"",[45,66291,5795],{"id":5794},[20,66293,66294],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[50,66296,66298],{"className":52,"code":66297,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66299,66300,66332,66350,66354,66376],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66301,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66303,66],{"class":65},[59,66305,70],{"class":69},[59,66307,74],{"class":73},[59,66309,78],{"class":77},[59,66311,82],{"class":81},[59,66313,78],{"class":77},[59,66315,87],{"class":73},[59,66317,90],{"class":77},[59,66319,102],{"class":81},[59,66321,78],{"class":77},[59,66323,87],{"class":73},[59,66325,90],{"class":77},[59,66327,93],{"class":81},[59,66329,78],{"class":77},[59,66331,107],{"class":73},[59,66333,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66335,715],{"class":135},[59,66337,139],{"class":73},[59,66339,78],{"class":77},[59,66341,11567],{"class":81},[59,66343,78],{"class":77},[59,66345,87],{"class":73},[59,66347,1558],{"class":142},[59,66349,165],{"class":73},[59,66351,66352],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66353,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,66355,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,66357,143],{"class":65},[59,66359,358],{"class":73},[59,66361,53756],{"class":142},[59,66363,139],{"class":73},[59,66365,187],{"class":178},[59,66367,87],{"class":73},[59,66369,90],{"class":77},[59,66371,22519],{"class":81},[59,66373,78],{"class":77},[59,66375,165],{"class":73},[59,66377,66378,66380,66382,66384,66387,66389,66391,66393],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,66379,715],{"class":135},[59,66381,139],{"class":73},[59,66383,78],{"class":77},[59,66385,66386],{"class":81},"After: ",[59,66388,78],{"class":77},[59,66390,87],{"class":73},[59,66392,1558],{"class":142},[59,66394,165],{"class":73},[20,66396,168],{},[50,66398,66400],{"className":52,"code":66399,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66401,66402,66434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66403,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66405,11627],{"class":65},[59,66407,1002],{"class":73},[59,66409,74],{"class":73},[59,66411,1725],{"class":77},[59,66413,82],{"class":81},[59,66415,1725],{"class":77},[59,66417,87],{"class":73},[59,66419,1734],{"class":77},[59,66421,102],{"class":81},[59,66423,1725],{"class":77},[59,66425,87],{"class":73},[59,66427,1734],{"class":77},[59,66429,93],{"class":81},[59,66431,1725],{"class":77},[59,66433,107],{"class":73},[59,66435,66436,66438,66440,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66437,11680],{"class":65},[59,66439,1002],{"class":73},[59,66441,66442],{"class":73},"  [",[59,66444,1725],{"class":77},[59,66446,82],{"class":81},[59,66448,1725],{"class":77},[59,66450,87],{"class":73},[59,66452,1734],{"class":77},[59,66454,22519],{"class":81},[59,66456,1725],{"class":77},[59,66458,87],{"class":73},[59,66460,1734],{"class":77},[59,66462,102],{"class":81},[59,66464,1725],{"class":77},[59,66466,87],{"class":73},[59,66468,1734],{"class":77},[59,66470,93],{"class":81},[59,66472,1725],{"class":77},[59,66474,107],{"class":73},[20,66476,66477,66478,66480],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66479,187],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[45,66482,66484],{"id":66483},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66486,2005,66487,35318,66489,66492],{},[15,66488,157],{},[15,66490,66491],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1127,66494,66496],{"id":66495},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66498,66499,66500,66502],{},"Use index ",[15,66501,179],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[50,66504,66506],{"className":52,"code":66505,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66507,66508,66529,66548],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66509,66510,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66511,66512],{"class":65},"nums ",[59,66514,70],{"class":69},[59,66516,74],{"class":73},[59,66518,195],{"class":178},[59,66520,87],{"class":73},[59,66522,2469],{"class":178},[59,66524,87],{"class":73},[59,66526,2475],{"class":178},[59,66528,107],{"class":73},[59,66530,66531,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66532,66533],{"class":65},"nums",[59,66535,358],{"class":73},[59,66537,53756],{"class":142},[59,66539,139],{"class":73},[59,66541,179],{"class":178},[59,66543,87],{"class":73},[59,66545,5506],{"class":178},[59,66547,165],{"class":73},[59,66549,66550,66552,66554,66556],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66551,715],{"class":135},[59,66553,139],{"class":73},[59,66555,66533],{"class":142},[59,66557,165],{"class":73},[20,66559,168],{},[50,66561,66562],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,66563,66564],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66565,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66567,3914],{"class":73},[59,66569,187],{"class":178},[59,66571,87],{"class":73},[59,66573,3009],{"class":178},[59,66575,87],{"class":73},[59,66577,2469],{"class":178},[59,66579,87],{"class":73},[59,66581,2475],{"class":178},[59,66583,107],{"class":73},[1127,66585,66587],{"id":66586},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66589,66590],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[50,66592,66594],{"className":52,"code":66593,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66595,66596,66616,66634],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66597,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66599,66512],{"class":65},[59,66601,70],{"class":69},[59,66603,74],{"class":73},[59,66605,187],{"class":178},[59,66607,87],{"class":73},[59,66609,3009],{"class":178},[59,66611,87],{"class":73},[59,66613,2475],{"class":178},[59,66615,107],{"class":73},[59,66617,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66619,66533],{"class":65},[59,66621,358],{"class":73},[59,66623,53756],{"class":142},[59,66625,139],{"class":73},[59,66627,195],{"class":178},[59,66629,87],{"class":73},[59,66631,2469],{"class":178},[59,66633,165],{"class":73},[59,66635,66636,66638,66640,66642],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66637,715],{"class":135},[59,66639,139],{"class":73},[59,66641,66533],{"class":142},[59,66643,165],{"class":73},[20,66645,168],{},[50,66647,66648],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,66649,66650],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66651,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66653,3914],{"class":73},[59,66655,187],{"class":178},[59,66657,87],{"class":73},[59,66659,3009],{"class":178},[59,66661,87],{"class":73},[59,66663,2469],{"class":178},[59,66665,87],{"class":73},[59,66667,2475],{"class":178},[59,66669,107],{"class":73},[1127,66671,66673],{"id":66672},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66675,66676],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[50,66678,66680],{"className":52,"code":66679,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66681,66682,66702,66720],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66683,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66685,66512],{"class":65},[59,66687,70],{"class":69},[59,66689,74],{"class":73},[59,66691,187],{"class":178},[59,66693,87],{"class":73},[59,66695,3009],{"class":178},[59,66697,87],{"class":73},[59,66699,2469],{"class":178},[59,66701,107],{"class":73},[59,66703,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66705,66533],{"class":65},[59,66707,358],{"class":73},[59,66709,53756],{"class":142},[59,66711,139],{"class":73},[59,66713,671],{"class":178},[59,66715,87],{"class":73},[59,66717,2475],{"class":178},[59,66719,165],{"class":73},[59,66721,66722,66724,66726,66728],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66723,715],{"class":135},[59,66725,139],{"class":73},[59,66727,66533],{"class":142},[59,66729,165],{"class":73},[20,66731,168],{},[50,66733,66734],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,66735,66736],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66737,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66739,3914],{"class":73},[59,66741,187],{"class":178},[59,66743,87],{"class":73},[59,66745,3009],{"class":178},[59,66747,87],{"class":73},[59,66749,2469],{"class":178},[59,66751,87],{"class":73},[59,66753,2475],{"class":178},[59,66755,107],{"class":73},[1127,66757,66759],{"id":66758},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66761,66762,66763,66765],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66764,54073],{}," places the item before that position.",[50,66767,66769],{"className":52,"code":66768,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66770,66771,66803,66827],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66772,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66774,425],{"class":65},[59,66776,70],{"class":69},[59,66778,74],{"class":73},[59,66780,78],{"class":77},[59,66782,354],{"class":81},[59,66784,78],{"class":77},[59,66786,87],{"class":73},[59,66788,90],{"class":77},[59,66790,442],{"class":81},[59,66792,78],{"class":77},[59,66794,87],{"class":73},[59,66796,90],{"class":77},[59,66798,18766],{"class":81},[59,66800,78],{"class":77},[59,66802,107],{"class":73},[59,66804,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66806,480],{"class":65},[59,66808,358],{"class":73},[59,66810,53756],{"class":142},[59,66812,139],{"class":73},[59,66814,2047],{"class":69},[59,66816,187],{"class":178},[59,66818,87],{"class":73},[59,66820,90],{"class":77},[59,66822,451],{"class":81},[59,66824,78],{"class":77},[59,66826,165],{"class":73},[59,66828,66829,66831,66833,66835],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66830,715],{"class":135},[59,66832,139],{"class":73},[59,66834,480],{"class":142},[59,66836,165],{"class":73},[20,66838,168],{},[50,66840,66842],{"className":52,"code":66841,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66843,66844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66845,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66847,3914],{"class":73},[59,66849,1725],{"class":77},[59,66851,354],{"class":81},[59,66853,1725],{"class":77},[59,66855,87],{"class":73},[59,66857,1734],{"class":77},[59,66859,442],{"class":81},[59,66861,1725],{"class":77},[59,66863,87],{"class":73},[59,66865,1734],{"class":77},[59,66867,451],{"class":81},[59,66869,1725],{"class":77},[59,66871,87],{"class":73},[59,66873,1734],{"class":77},[59,66875,18766],{"class":81},[59,66877,1725],{"class":77},[59,66879,107],{"class":73},[20,66881,66882,66883,2321],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[354,66884,66885],{"href":50783},"Python lists beginner guide",[45,66887,66889,10586,66891],{"id":66888},"insert-vs-append",[15,66890,54073],{},[15,66892,52457],{},[20,66894,66895],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1127,66897,201,66899,10602],{"id":66898},"use-insert-when",[15,66900,54073],{},[29,66902,66903,66906],{},[32,66904,66905],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[32,66907,66908],{},"The order of the list matters",[1127,66910,201,66912,10602],{"id":66911},"use-append-when",[15,66913,52457],{},[29,66915,66916,66919],{},[32,66917,66918],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[32,66920,66921],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66923,239],{},[50,66925,66927],{"className":52,"code":66926,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66928,66929,66953,66957,66979,66989,66993,67011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,66930,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,66932,1251],{"class":65},[59,66934,70],{"class":69},[59,66936,74],{"class":73},[59,66938,78],{"class":77},[59,66940,588],{"class":81},[59,66942,78],{"class":77},[59,66944,87],{"class":73},[59,66946,90],{"class":77},[59,66948,606],{"class":81},[59,66950,78],{"class":77},[59,66952,107],{"class":73},[59,66954,66955],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,66956,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,66958,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,66960,1297],{"class":65},[59,66962,358],{"class":73},[59,66964,53756],{"class":142},[59,66966,139],{"class":73},[59,66968,187],{"class":178},[59,66970,87],{"class":73},[59,66972,90],{"class":77},[59,66974,597],{"class":81},[59,66976,78],{"class":77},[59,66978,165],{"class":73},[59,66980,66981,66983,66985,66987],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,66982,715],{"class":135},[59,66984,139],{"class":73},[59,66986,1297],{"class":142},[59,66988,165],{"class":73},[59,66990,66991],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,66992,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,66996,1297],{"class":65},[59,66998,358],{"class":73},[59,67000,13552],{"class":142},[59,67002,139],{"class":73},[59,67004,78],{"class":77},[59,67006,22528],{"class":81},[59,67008,78],{"class":77},[59,67010,165],{"class":73},[59,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,67014,715],{"class":135},[59,67016,139],{"class":73},[59,67018,1297],{"class":142},[59,67020,165],{"class":73},[20,67022,168],{},[50,67024,67026],{"className":52,"code":67025,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67027,67028,67056],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67029,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67031,3914],{"class":73},[59,67033,1725],{"class":77},[59,67035,588],{"class":81},[59,67037,1725],{"class":77},[59,67039,87],{"class":73},[59,67041,1734],{"class":77},[59,67043,597],{"class":81},[59,67045,1725],{"class":77},[59,67047,87],{"class":73},[59,67049,1734],{"class":77},[59,67051,606],{"class":81},[59,67053,1725],{"class":77},[59,67055,107],{"class":73},[59,67057,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67059,3914],{"class":73},[59,67061,1725],{"class":77},[59,67063,588],{"class":81},[59,67065,1725],{"class":77},[59,67067,87],{"class":73},[59,67069,1734],{"class":77},[59,67071,597],{"class":81},[59,67073,1725],{"class":77},[59,67075,87],{"class":73},[59,67077,1734],{"class":77},[59,67079,606],{"class":81},[59,67081,1725],{"class":77},[59,67083,87],{"class":73},[59,67085,1734],{"class":77},[59,67087,22528],{"class":81},[59,67089,1725],{"class":77},[59,67091,107],{"class":73},[20,67093,67094,67095,358],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[354,67096,55325,67097,10742],{"href":56574},[15,67098,52457],{},[20,67100,67101,67102,358],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[354,67103,52854],{"href":52853},[45,67105,4534],{"id":4533},[20,67107,14733,67108,358],{},[15,67109,54073],{},[1127,67111,12597,67113],{"id":67112},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67114,54073],{},[20,67116,25680],{},[50,67118,67120],{"className":52,"code":67119,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67121,67122,67142,67164,67168,67178],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67123,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67125,664],{"class":65},[59,67127,70],{"class":69},[59,67129,74],{"class":73},[59,67131,187],{"class":178},[59,67133,87],{"class":73},[59,67135,3009],{"class":178},[59,67137,87],{"class":73},[59,67139,2469],{"class":178},[59,67141,107],{"class":73},[59,67143,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67145,692],{"class":65},[59,67147,70],{"class":69},[59,67149,4277],{"class":65},[59,67151,358],{"class":73},[59,67153,53756],{"class":142},[59,67155,139],{"class":73},[59,67157,187],{"class":178},[59,67159,87],{"class":73},[59,67161,10197],{"class":178},[59,67163,165],{"class":73},[59,67165,67166],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67167,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,67169,67170,67172,67174,67176],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,67171,715],{"class":135},[59,67173,139],{"class":73},[59,67175,720],{"class":142},[59,67177,165],{"class":73},[59,67179,67180,67182,67184,67186],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,67181,715],{"class":135},[59,67183,139],{"class":73},[59,67185,707],{"class":142},[59,67187,165],{"class":73},[20,67189,168],{},[50,67191,67193],{"className":52,"code":67192,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67194,67195,67199],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67196,67197],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67198,11810],{"class":3867},[59,67200,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67202,3914],{"class":73},[59,67204,187],{"class":178},[59,67206,87],{"class":73},[59,67208,10197],{"class":178},[59,67210,87],{"class":73},[59,67212,3009],{"class":178},[59,67214,87],{"class":73},[59,67216,2469],{"class":178},[59,67218,107],{"class":73},[20,67220,67221,53958,67223,358],{},[15,67222,54073],{},[15,67224,3792],{},[20,67226,16644],{},[50,67228,67230],{"className":52,"code":67229,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67231,67232],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67233,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67235,55695],{"class":65},[59,67237,70],{"class":69},[59,67239,4277],{"class":65},[59,67241,358],{"class":73},[59,67243,53756],{"class":142},[59,67245,139],{"class":73},[59,67247,187],{"class":178},[59,67249,87],{"class":73},[59,67251,10197],{"class":178},[59,67253,165],{"class":73},[20,67255,67256],{},"Right:",[50,67258,67260],{"className":52,"code":67259,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67261,67262],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67263,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67265,707],{"class":65},[59,67267,358],{"class":73},[59,67269,53756],{"class":142},[59,67271,139],{"class":73},[59,67273,187],{"class":178},[59,67275,87],{"class":73},[59,67277,10197],{"class":178},[59,67279,165],{"class":73},[1127,67281,67283],{"id":67282},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67285,67286],{},"The correct order is:",[50,67288,67289],{"className":52,"code":66142,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,67290,67291],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67292,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67294,8344],{"class":65},[59,67296,358],{"class":73},[59,67298,53756],{"class":142},[59,67300,139],{"class":73},[59,67302,157],{"class":142},[59,67304,87],{"class":73},[59,67306,1312],{"class":142},[59,67308,165],{"class":73},[20,67310,67311],{},"Not:",[50,67313,67315],{"className":52,"code":67314,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67316,67317],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67320,8344],{"class":65},[59,67322,358],{"class":73},[59,67324,53756],{"class":142},[59,67326,139],{"class":73},[59,67328,23304],{"class":142},[59,67330,87],{"class":73},[59,67332,124],{"class":142},[59,67334,165],{"class":73},[20,67336,239],{},[50,67338,67339],{"className":52,"code":66184,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,67340,67341,67365,67387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67344,425],{"class":65},[59,67346,70],{"class":69},[59,67348,74],{"class":73},[59,67350,78],{"class":77},[59,67352,354],{"class":81},[59,67354,78],{"class":77},[59,67356,87],{"class":73},[59,67358,90],{"class":77},[59,67360,451],{"class":81},[59,67362,78],{"class":77},[59,67364,107],{"class":73},[59,67366,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67368,480],{"class":65},[59,67370,358],{"class":73},[59,67372,53756],{"class":142},[59,67374,139],{"class":73},[59,67376,187],{"class":178},[59,67378,87],{"class":73},[59,67380,90],{"class":77},[59,67382,442],{"class":81},[59,67384,78],{"class":77},[59,67386,165],{"class":73},[59,67388,67389,67391,67393,67395],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67390,715],{"class":135},[59,67392,139],{"class":73},[59,67394,480],{"class":142},[59,67396,165],{"class":73},[20,67398,168],{},[50,67400,67401],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,67402,67403],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67404,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67406,3914],{"class":73},[59,67408,1725],{"class":77},[59,67410,354],{"class":81},[59,67412,1725],{"class":77},[59,67414,87],{"class":73},[59,67416,1734],{"class":77},[59,67418,442],{"class":81},[59,67420,1725],{"class":77},[59,67422,87],{"class":73},[59,67424,1734],{"class":77},[59,67426,451],{"class":81},[59,67428,1725],{"class":77},[59,67430,107],{"class":73},[1127,67432,8456,67434,67436],{"id":67433},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67435,54073],{}," to replace an item",[20,67438,67439,67441],{},[15,67440,54073],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[50,67443,67445],{"className":52,"code":67444,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67446,67447,67467,67485],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67448,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67450,664],{"class":65},[59,67452,70],{"class":69},[59,67454,74],{"class":73},[59,67456,187],{"class":178},[59,67458,87],{"class":73},[59,67460,3009],{"class":178},[59,67462,87],{"class":73},[59,67464,2469],{"class":178},[59,67466,107],{"class":73},[59,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67470,707],{"class":65},[59,67472,358],{"class":73},[59,67474,53756],{"class":142},[59,67476,139],{"class":73},[59,67478,187],{"class":178},[59,67480,87],{"class":73},[59,67482,10197],{"class":178},[59,67484,165],{"class":73},[59,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67488,715],{"class":135},[59,67490,139],{"class":73},[59,67492,707],{"class":142},[59,67494,165],{"class":73},[20,67496,168],{},[50,67498,67500],{"className":52,"code":67499,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67501,67502],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67503,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67505,3914],{"class":73},[59,67507,187],{"class":178},[59,67509,87],{"class":73},[59,67511,10197],{"class":178},[59,67513,87],{"class":73},[59,67515,3009],{"class":178},[59,67517,87],{"class":73},[59,67519,2469],{"class":178},[59,67521,107],{"class":73},[20,67523,67524],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[50,67526,67528],{"className":52,"code":67527,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67529,67530,67550,67564],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67531,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67533,664],{"class":65},[59,67535,70],{"class":69},[59,67537,74],{"class":73},[59,67539,187],{"class":178},[59,67541,87],{"class":73},[59,67543,3009],{"class":178},[59,67545,87],{"class":73},[59,67547,2469],{"class":178},[59,67549,107],{"class":73},[59,67551,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67553,707],{"class":65},[59,67555,3914],{"class":73},[59,67557,187],{"class":178},[59,67559,13272],{"class":73},[59,67561,13275],{"class":69},[59,67563,14130],{"class":178},[59,67565,67566,67568,67570,67572],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67567,715],{"class":135},[59,67569,139],{"class":73},[59,67571,707],{"class":142},[59,67573,165],{"class":73},[20,67575,168],{},[50,67577,67579],{"className":52,"code":67578,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67580,67581],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67582,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67584,3914],{"class":73},[59,67586,187],{"class":178},[59,67588,87],{"class":73},[59,67590,10197],{"class":178},[59,67592,87],{"class":73},[59,67594,2469],{"class":178},[59,67596,107],{"class":73},[1127,67598,67600],{"id":67599},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67602,67603,67605],{},[15,67604,54073],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67607,67608],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[50,67610,67612],{"className":52,"code":67611,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67613,67614,67630,67654],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67615,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67617,664],{"class":65},[59,67619,70],{"class":69},[59,67621,74],{"class":73},[59,67623,187],{"class":178},[59,67625,87],{"class":73},[59,67627,2475],{"class":178},[59,67629,107],{"class":73},[59,67631,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67633,707],{"class":65},[59,67635,358],{"class":73},[59,67637,53756],{"class":142},[59,67639,139],{"class":73},[59,67641,187],{"class":178},[59,67643,87],{"class":73},[59,67645,74],{"class":73},[59,67647,195],{"class":178},[59,67649,87],{"class":73},[59,67651,2469],{"class":178},[59,67653,3902],{"class":73},[59,67655,67656,67658,67660,67662],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67657,715],{"class":135},[59,67659,139],{"class":73},[59,67661,707],{"class":142},[59,67663,165],{"class":73},[20,67665,168],{},[50,67667,67669],{"className":52,"code":67668,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67670,67671],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67674,3914],{"class":73},[59,67676,187],{"class":178},[59,67678,87],{"class":73},[59,67680,74],{"class":73},[59,67682,195],{"class":178},[59,67684,87],{"class":73},[59,67686,2469],{"class":178},[59,67688,1697],{"class":73},[59,67690,2475],{"class":178},[59,67692,107],{"class":73},[20,67694,67695,67696,358],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[354,67697,55325,67698,10742],{"href":53149},[15,67699,53251],{},[1127,67701,67703],{"id":67702},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67705,8879,67706,67708],{},[15,67707,54073],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[50,67710,67712],{"className":52,"code":67711,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67713,67714,67724,67738,67756,67770],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67715,67716,67718,67720,67722],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67717,715],{"class":135},[59,67719,139],{"class":73},[59,67721,8344],{"class":142},[59,67723,165],{"class":73},[59,67725,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,67727,715],{"class":135},[59,67729,139],{"class":73},[59,67731,11163],{"class":135},[59,67733,139],{"class":73},[59,67735,8344],{"class":142},[59,67737,710],{"class":73},[59,67739,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,67741,715],{"class":135},[59,67743,139],{"class":73},[59,67745,8344],{"class":142},[59,67747,358],{"class":73},[59,67749,53756],{"class":929},[59,67751,358],{"class":73},[59,67753,34434],{"class":1784},[59,67755,165],{"class":73},[59,67757,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,67759,32141],{"class":135},[59,67761,139],{"class":73},[59,67763,1651],{"class":697},[59,67765,358],{"class":73},[59,67767,53756],{"class":929},[59,67769,165],{"class":73},[59,67771,67772,67774,67776,67778],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,67773,3239],{"class":697},[59,67775,139],{"class":73},[59,67777,8344],{"class":142},[59,67779,165],{"class":73},[20,67781,67782],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[29,67784,67785,67788,67791,67794],{},[32,67786,67787],{},"What is currently in the list",[32,67789,67790],{},"How long the list is",[32,67792,67793],{},"That you are working with a real list",[32,67795,67796],{},"How Python describes the method",[45,67798,776,67800],{"id":67799},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67801,54073],{},[20,67803,201,67804,67806],{},[15,67805,54073],{}," when position matters.",[20,67808,786],{},[29,67810,67811,67814,67817,67820],{},[32,67812,67813],{},"Ordered menus",[32,67815,67816],{},"Rankings or score lists",[32,67818,67819],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[32,67821,67822],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67824,67825,67826,67828,67829,67831,67832,67834],{},"You usually do ",[549,67827,4647],{}," need ",[15,67830,54073],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67833,52457],{}," is simpler.",[20,67836,67837,67838,358],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[354,67839,56960],{"href":56959},[45,67841,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,67843,1882,67845,55274],{"id":67844},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67846,53716],{},[20,67848,67849,67850,358],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67851,3792],{},[1127,67853,67855],{"id":67854},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67857,67858],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1127,67860,1914,67862,67864],{"id":67861},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67863,53716],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67866,67867,67868,67870],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67869,53251],{}," or slicing.",[1127,67872,5190,67874,4408,67876,1905],{"id":67873},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67875,54073],{},[15,67877,52457],{},[20,67879,67880,67882,67883,67885],{},[15,67881,54073],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67884,52457],{}," adds only at the end.",[45,67887,1927],{"id":1926},[29,67889,67890,67896,67902,67906,67910,67914],{},[32,67891,67892],{},[354,67893,55325,67894,10742],{"href":56574},[15,67895,52457],{},[32,67897,67898],{},[354,67899,55325,67900,10742],{"href":53149},[15,67901,53251],{},[32,67903,67904],{},[354,67905,54083],{"href":52853},[32,67907,67908],{},[354,67909,52576],{"href":50783},[32,67911,67912],{},[354,67913,57034],{"href":56959},[32,67915,67916],{},[354,67917,30335,67918,33621],{"href":54101},[15,67919,67920],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1953,67922,67923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":67925},[67926,67928,67929,67930,67936,67943,67952,67954,67963],{"id":66111,"depth":110,"text":67927},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439},{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":66483,"depth":110,"text":66484,"children":67931},[67932,67933,67934,67935],{"id":66495,"depth":117,"text":66496},{"id":66586,"depth":117,"text":66587},{"id":66672,"depth":117,"text":66673},{"id":66758,"depth":117,"text":66759},{"id":66888,"depth":110,"text":67937,"children":67938},"insert() vs append()",[67939,67941],{"id":66898,"depth":117,"text":67940},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66911,"depth":117,"text":67942},"Use append() when:",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":67944},[67945,67947,67948,67950,67951],{"id":67112,"depth":117,"text":67946},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67282,"depth":117,"text":67283},{"id":67433,"depth":117,"text":67949},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67599,"depth":117,"text":67600},{"id":67702,"depth":117,"text":67703},{"id":67799,"depth":110,"text":67953},"When to use insert()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":67955},[67956,67958,67959,67961],{"id":67844,"depth":117,"text":67957},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67854,"depth":117,"text":67855},{"id":67861,"depth":117,"text":67960},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67873,"depth":117,"text":67962},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66021,"description":67964},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67971,"title":67972,"body":67973,"description":69528,"extension":1988,"meta":69529,"navigation":113,"path":58779,"seo":69530,"stem":69531,"__hash__":69532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67974,"toc":69501},[67975,67981,67990,68039,68041,68049,68055,68057,68075,68081,68086,68089,68092,68107,68109,68161,68163,68171,68179,68186,68188,68194,68259,68261,68269,68271,68290,68293,68344,68348,68353,68380,68382,68390,68393,68462,68464,68479,68485,68489,68498,68501,68556,68558,68566,68569,68571,68616,68618,68626,68632,68634,68642,68645,68647,68686,68688,68727,68732,68734,68736,68771,68774,68776,68814,68818,68824,68826,68877,68879,68887,68894,68897,68918,68921,68976,68987,68989,69050,69052,69061,69068,69074,69077,69080,69137,69140,69153,69160,69166,69172,69174,69187,69190,69287,69289,69306,69309,69391,69393,69415,69422,69428,69430,69434,69440,69446,69451,69455,69458,69464,69471,69473,69498],[10,67976,67978,67979,3675],{"id":67977},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67980,11163],{},[20,67982,67983,67984,67986,67987,67989],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67985,42161],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67988,42161],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[50,67991,67993],{"className":52,"code":67992,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67994,67995,68015,68029],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,67996,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,67998,664],{"class":65},[59,68000,70],{"class":69},[59,68002,74],{"class":73},[59,68004,671],{"class":178},[59,68006,87],{"class":73},[59,68008,676],{"class":178},[59,68010,87],{"class":73},[59,68012,681],{"class":178},[59,68014,107],{"class":73},[59,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68018,41041],{"class":65},[59,68020,70],{"class":69},[59,68022,38184],{"class":135},[59,68024,139],{"class":73},[59,68026,707],{"class":142},[59,68028,165],{"class":73},[59,68030,68031,68033,68035,68037],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,68032,715],{"class":135},[59,68034,139],{"class":73},[59,68036,41059],{"class":142},[59,68038,165],{"class":73},[20,68040,168],{},[50,68042,68043],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68044,68045],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68046,68047],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68048,46419],{"class":178},[20,68050,201,68051,68054],{},[15,68052,68053],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[45,68056,15163],{"id":15162},[29,68058,68059,68064,68069,68072],{},[32,68060,4212,68061,68063],{},[15,68062,42161],{}," works with Python lists",[32,68065,68066,68067,542],{},"What value ",[15,68068,42161],{},[32,68070,68071],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[32,68073,68074],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[45,68076,208,68078,68080],{"id":68077},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68079,42161],{}," returns for a list",[20,68082,68083,64893],{},[15,68084,68085],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68087,68088],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68090,68091],{},"A few important points:",[29,68093,68094,68097,68102],{},[32,68095,68096],{},"It counts list items",[32,68098,40705,68099,68101],{},[549,68100,4647],{}," count characters inside a string item",[32,68103,68104,68105],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68106,179],{},[20,68108,239],{},[50,68110,68112],{"className":52,"code":68111,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68113,68114,68147],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68115,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68117,4085],{"class":65},[59,68119,70],{"class":69},[59,68121,74],{"class":73},[59,68123,78],{"class":77},[59,68125,1439],{"class":81},[59,68127,78],{"class":77},[59,68129,87],{"class":73},[59,68131,90],{"class":77},[59,68133,68134],{"class":81},"elephant",[59,68136,78],{"class":77},[59,68138,87],{"class":73},[59,68140,90],{"class":77},[59,68142,57933],{"class":81},[59,68144,78],{"class":77},[59,68146,107],{"class":73},[59,68148,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68150,715],{"class":135},[59,68152,139],{"class":73},[59,68154,11163],{"class":135},[59,68156,139],{"class":73},[59,68158,4127],{"class":142},[59,68160,710],{"class":73},[20,68162,168],{},[50,68164,68165],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68166,68167],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68168,68169],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68170,46419],{"class":178},[20,68172,20977,68173,68176,68177,64900],{},[15,68174,68175],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[549,68178,52461],{},[20,68180,68181,68182,358],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[354,68183,13,68184,536],{"href":42158},[15,68185,42161],{},[45,68187,5795],{"id":5794},[20,68189,68190,68191,68193],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68192,42161],{},", and print the result.",[50,68195,68197],{"className":52,"code":68196,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68198,68199,68231,68245,68249],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68200,68201,68203,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68202,66],{"class":65},[59,68204,70],{"class":69},[59,68206,74],{"class":73},[59,68208,78],{"class":77},[59,68210,82],{"class":81},[59,68212,78],{"class":77},[59,68214,87],{"class":73},[59,68216,90],{"class":77},[59,68218,93],{"class":81},[59,68220,78],{"class":77},[59,68222,87],{"class":73},[59,68224,90],{"class":77},[59,68226,102],{"class":81},[59,68228,78],{"class":77},[59,68230,107],{"class":73},[59,68232,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68234,41041],{"class":65},[59,68236,70],{"class":69},[59,68238,38184],{"class":135},[59,68240,139],{"class":73},[59,68242,143],{"class":142},[59,68244,165],{"class":73},[59,68246,68247],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,68248,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,68250,68251,68253,68255,68257],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,68252,715],{"class":135},[59,68254,139],{"class":73},[59,68256,41059],{"class":142},[59,68258,165],{"class":73},[20,68260,168],{},[50,68262,68263],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68264,68265],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68266,68267],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68268,46419],{"class":178},[20,68270,11687],{},[29,68272,68273,68278,68285],{},[32,68274,68275,68277],{},[15,68276,143],{}," is a list with 3 items",[32,68279,68280,2414,68283],{},[15,68281,68282],{},"len(colors)",[15,68284,950],{},[32,68286,68287,68288],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68289,41059],{},[20,68291,68292],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[50,68294,68296],{"className":52,"code":68295,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68297,68298,68330],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68299,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68301,66],{"class":65},[59,68303,70],{"class":69},[59,68305,74],{"class":73},[59,68307,78],{"class":77},[59,68309,82],{"class":81},[59,68311,78],{"class":77},[59,68313,87],{"class":73},[59,68315,90],{"class":77},[59,68317,93],{"class":81},[59,68319,78],{"class":77},[59,68321,87],{"class":73},[59,68323,90],{"class":77},[59,68325,102],{"class":81},[59,68327,78],{"class":77},[59,68329,107],{"class":73},[59,68331,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68333,715],{"class":135},[59,68335,139],{"class":73},[59,68337,11163],{"class":135},[59,68339,139],{"class":73},[59,68341,143],{"class":142},[59,68343,710],{"class":73},[45,68345,68347],{"id":68346},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68349,68350,68351,358],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68352,179],{},[50,68354,68356],{"className":52,"code":68355,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68357,68358,68366],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68359,68360,68362,68364],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68361,1251],{"class":65},[59,68363,70],{"class":69},[59,68365,7844],{"class":73},[59,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68369,715],{"class":135},[59,68371,139],{"class":73},[59,68373,11163],{"class":135},[59,68375,139],{"class":73},[59,68377,1297],{"class":142},[59,68379,710],{"class":73},[20,68381,168],{},[50,68383,68384],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68385,68386],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68387,68388],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68389,47054],{"class":178},[20,68391,68392],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[50,68394,68396],{"className":52,"code":68395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68397,68398,68406,68410,68428,68442,68448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68399,68400,68402,68404],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68401,1251],{"class":65},[59,68403,70],{"class":69},[59,68405,7844],{"class":73},[59,68407,68408],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68409,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,68411,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,68413,7004],{"class":120},[59,68415,38184],{"class":135},[59,68417,139],{"class":73},[59,68419,1297],{"class":142},[59,68421,3675],{"class":73},[59,68423,38194],{"class":69},[59,68425,3848],{"class":178},[59,68427,1561],{"class":73},[59,68429,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,68431,152],{"class":135},[59,68433,139],{"class":73},[59,68435,1297],{"class":142},[59,68437,3914],{"class":73},[59,68439,179],{"class":178},[59,68441,3902],{"class":73},[59,68443,68444,68446],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,68445,27424],{"class":120},[59,68447,1561],{"class":73},[59,68449,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,68451,152],{"class":135},[59,68453,139],{"class":73},[59,68455,78],{"class":77},[59,68457,51620],{"class":81},[59,68459,78],{"class":77},[59,68461,165],{"class":73},[20,68463,168],{},[50,68465,68467],{"className":52,"code":68466,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The list is empty\n",[15,68468,68469],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68470,68471,68473,68475,68477],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68472,2005],{"class":65},[59,68474,1651],{"class":697},[59,68476,8101],{"class":69},[59,68478,8107],{"class":65},[20,68480,68481,68482,68484],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[354,68483,52576],{"href":50783}," is a good next step.",[45,68486,68488],{"id":68487},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68490,68491,68493,68494,68497],{},[15,68492,42161],{}," counts only the ",[549,68495,68496],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68499,68500],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[50,68502,68504],{"className":52,"code":68503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68505,68506,68542],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68507,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68509,9170],{"class":65},[59,68511,70],{"class":69},[59,68513,56099],{"class":73},[59,68515,187],{"class":178},[59,68517,87],{"class":73},[59,68519,3009],{"class":178},[59,68521,1697],{"class":73},[59,68523,74],{"class":73},[59,68525,950],{"class":178},[59,68527,87],{"class":73},[59,68529,2475],{"class":178},[59,68531,1697],{"class":73},[59,68533,74],{"class":73},[59,68535,2159],{"class":178},[59,68537,87],{"class":73},[59,68539,37441],{"class":178},[59,68541,53047],{"class":73},[59,68543,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68545,715],{"class":135},[59,68547,139],{"class":73},[59,68549,11163],{"class":135},[59,68551,139],{"class":73},[59,68553,9208],{"class":142},[59,68555,710],{"class":73},[20,68557,168],{},[50,68559,68560],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68561,68562],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68563,68564],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68565,46419],{"class":178},[20,68567,68568],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68570,51884],{},[50,68572,68574],{"className":52,"code":68573,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68575,68576,68602],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68577,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68579,59279],{"class":65},[59,68581,70],{"class":69},[59,68583,74],{"class":73},[59,68585,187],{"class":178},[59,68587,87],{"class":73},[59,68589,74],{"class":73},[59,68591,195],{"class":178},[59,68593,87],{"class":73},[59,68595,2469],{"class":178},[59,68597,1697],{"class":73},[59,68599,2475],{"class":178},[59,68601,107],{"class":73},[59,68603,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68605,715],{"class":135},[59,68607,139],{"class":73},[59,68609,11163],{"class":135},[59,68611,139],{"class":73},[59,68613,59332],{"class":142},[59,68615,710],{"class":73},[20,68617,168],{},[50,68619,68620],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68621,68622],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68623,68624],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68625,46419],{"class":178},[20,68627,20977,68628,68631],{},[15,68629,68630],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[45,68633,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,68635,1599,68637,999,68640],{"id":68636},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68638,68639],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68641,68085],{},[20,68643,68644],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68646,16644],{},[50,68648,68650],{"className":52,"code":68649,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68651,68652,68672],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68653,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68655,664],{"class":65},[59,68657,70],{"class":69},[59,68659,74],{"class":73},[59,68661,671],{"class":178},[59,68663,87],{"class":73},[59,68665,676],{"class":178},[59,68667,87],{"class":73},[59,68669,681],{"class":178},[59,68671,107],{"class":73},[59,68673,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68675,715],{"class":135},[59,68677,139],{"class":73},[59,68679,707],{"class":142},[59,68681,358],{"class":73},[59,68683,11163],{"class":142},[59,68685,7201],{"class":73},[20,68687,16656],{},[50,68689,68691],{"className":52,"code":68690,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68692,68693,68713],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68694,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68696,664],{"class":65},[59,68698,70],{"class":69},[59,68700,74],{"class":73},[59,68702,671],{"class":178},[59,68704,87],{"class":73},[59,68706,676],{"class":178},[59,68708,87],{"class":73},[59,68710,681],{"class":178},[59,68712,107],{"class":73},[59,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68716,715],{"class":135},[59,68718,139],{"class":73},[59,68720,11163],{"class":135},[59,68722,139],{"class":73},[59,68724,707],{"class":142},[59,68726,710],{"class":73},[20,68728,68729,68731],{},[15,68730,42161],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1127,68733,25677],{"id":25676},[20,68735,16644],{},[50,68737,68739],{"className":52,"code":68738,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68740,68741,68761],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68742,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68744,664],{"class":65},[59,68746,70],{"class":69},[59,68748,74],{"class":73},[59,68750,671],{"class":178},[59,68752,87],{"class":73},[59,68754,676],{"class":178},[59,68756,87],{"class":73},[59,68758,681],{"class":178},[59,68760,107],{"class":73},[59,68762,68763,68765,68767,68769],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68764,715],{"class":135},[59,68766,139],{"class":73},[59,68768,11163],{"class":135},[59,68770,165],{"class":73},[20,68772,68773],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68775,16656],{},[50,68777,68778],{"className":52,"code":68690,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68779,68780,68800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68781,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68783,664],{"class":65},[59,68785,70],{"class":69},[59,68787,74],{"class":73},[59,68789,671],{"class":178},[59,68791,87],{"class":73},[59,68793,676],{"class":178},[59,68795,87],{"class":73},[59,68797,681],{"class":178},[59,68799,107],{"class":73},[59,68801,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68803,715],{"class":135},[59,68805,139],{"class":73},[59,68807,11163],{"class":135},[59,68809,139],{"class":73},[59,68811,707],{"class":142},[59,68813,710],{"class":73},[1127,68815,68817],{"id":68816},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68819,68820,68821,68823],{},"The length of a list is ",[549,68822,4647],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68825,239],{},[50,68827,68829],{"className":52,"code":68828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68830,68831,68863],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68832,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68834,425],{"class":65},[59,68836,70],{"class":69},[59,68838,74],{"class":73},[59,68840,78],{"class":77},[59,68842,354],{"class":81},[59,68844,78],{"class":77},[59,68846,87],{"class":73},[59,68848,90],{"class":77},[59,68850,442],{"class":81},[59,68852,78],{"class":77},[59,68854,87],{"class":73},[59,68856,90],{"class":77},[59,68858,451],{"class":81},[59,68860,78],{"class":77},[59,68862,107],{"class":73},[59,68864,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68866,715],{"class":135},[59,68868,139],{"class":73},[59,68870,11163],{"class":135},[59,68872,139],{"class":73},[59,68874,480],{"class":142},[59,68876,710],{"class":73},[20,68878,168],{},[50,68880,68881],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,68882,68883],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68884,68885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68886,46419],{"class":178},[20,68888,68889,68890,18962,68892,358],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68891,195],{},[15,68893,950],{},[20,68895,68896],{},"Indexes are:",[29,68898,68899,68906,68912],{},[32,68900,68901,68903,68904],{},[15,68902,179],{}," for ",[15,68905,18094],{},[32,68907,68908,68903,68910],{},[15,68909,187],{},[15,68911,65403],{},[32,68913,68914,68903,68916],{},[15,68915,195],{},[15,68917,66289],{},[20,68919,68920],{},"So this causes an error:",[50,68922,68924],{"className":52,"code":68923,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68925,68926,68958],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68927,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68929,425],{"class":65},[59,68931,70],{"class":69},[59,68933,74],{"class":73},[59,68935,78],{"class":77},[59,68937,354],{"class":81},[59,68939,78],{"class":77},[59,68941,87],{"class":73},[59,68943,90],{"class":77},[59,68945,442],{"class":81},[59,68947,78],{"class":77},[59,68949,87],{"class":73},[59,68951,90],{"class":77},[59,68953,451],{"class":81},[59,68955,78],{"class":77},[59,68957,107],{"class":73},[59,68959,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,68961,715],{"class":135},[59,68963,139],{"class":73},[59,68965,480],{"class":142},[59,68967,3914],{"class":73},[59,68969,11163],{"class":135},[59,68971,139],{"class":73},[59,68973,480],{"class":142},[59,68975,10680],{"class":73},[20,68977,8499,68978,1205,68981,68983,68984,68986],{},[15,68979,68980],{},"len(letters)",[15,68982,950],{},", and index ",[15,68985,950],{}," does not exist.",[20,68988,18839],{},[50,68990,68992],{"className":52,"code":68991,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68993,68994,69026],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,68995,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,68997,425],{"class":65},[59,68999,70],{"class":69},[59,69001,74],{"class":73},[59,69003,78],{"class":77},[59,69005,354],{"class":81},[59,69007,78],{"class":77},[59,69009,87],{"class":73},[59,69011,90],{"class":77},[59,69013,442],{"class":81},[59,69015,78],{"class":77},[59,69017,87],{"class":73},[59,69019,90],{"class":77},[59,69021,451],{"class":81},[59,69023,78],{"class":77},[59,69025,107],{"class":73},[59,69027,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69029,715],{"class":135},[59,69031,139],{"class":73},[59,69033,480],{"class":142},[59,69035,3914],{"class":73},[59,69037,11163],{"class":135},[59,69039,139],{"class":73},[59,69041,480],{"class":142},[59,69043,3675],{"class":73},[59,69045,2241],{"class":69},[59,69047,5506],{"class":178},[59,69049,3902],{"class":73},[20,69051,168],{},[50,69053,69055],{"className":52,"code":69054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"c\n",[15,69056,69057],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69058,69059],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69060,69054],{"class":65},[20,69062,69063,69064,358],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[354,69065,69067],{"href":69066},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1127,69069,1599,69071,69073],{"id":69070},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69072,42161],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69075,69076],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69078,69079],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[50,69081,69083],{"className":52,"code":69082,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69084,69085,69095,69109,69123],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69086,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69088,715],{"class":135},[59,69090,139],{"class":73},[59,69092,8344],{"class":142},[59,69094,165],{"class":73},[59,69096,69097,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69098,715],{"class":135},[59,69100,139],{"class":73},[59,69102,11163],{"class":135},[59,69104,139],{"class":73},[59,69106,8344],{"class":142},[59,69108,710],{"class":73},[59,69110,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69112,715],{"class":135},[59,69114,139],{"class":73},[59,69116,3239],{"class":697},[59,69118,139],{"class":73},[59,69120,8344],{"class":142},[59,69122,710],{"class":73},[59,69124,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69126,715],{"class":135},[59,69128,139],{"class":73},[59,69130,8344],{"class":142},[59,69132,3914],{"class":73},[59,69134,179],{"class":178},[59,69136,3902],{"class":73},[20,69138,69139],{},"These help you verify:",[29,69141,69142,69145,69147,69150],{},[32,69143,69144],{},"what the variable contains",[32,69146,60591],{},[32,69148,69149],{},"whether it is really a list",[32,69151,69152],{},"what the first item is",[20,69154,69155,69156,69159],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69157,69158],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[45,69161,776,69163,69165],{"id":69162},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69164,42161],{}," with lists",[20,69167,69168,69169,69171],{},"You will often use ",[15,69170,42161],{}," in real programs.",[20,69173,9374],{},[29,69175,69176,69178,69181,69184],{},[32,69177,51574],{},[32,69179,69180],{},"Control loops",[32,69182,69183],{},"Validate input or results",[32,69185,69186],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69188,69189],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[50,69191,69193],{"className":52,"code":69192,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69194,69195,69215,69231,69235,69249,69263],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69196,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69198,2572],{"class":65},[59,69200,70],{"class":69},[59,69202,74],{"class":73},[59,69204,187],{"class":178},[59,69206,87],{"class":73},[59,69208,3009],{"class":178},[59,69210,87],{"class":73},[59,69212,2469],{"class":178},[59,69214,107],{"class":73},[59,69216,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69218,2600],{"class":65},[59,69220,70],{"class":69},[59,69222,74],{"class":73},[59,69224,671],{"class":178},[59,69226,87],{"class":73},[59,69228,676],{"class":178},[59,69230,107],{"class":73},[59,69232,69233],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69234,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69236,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69238,715],{"class":135},[59,69240,139],{"class":73},[59,69242,11163],{"class":135},[59,69244,139],{"class":73},[59,69246,354],{"class":142},[59,69248,710],{"class":73},[59,69250,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,69252,715],{"class":135},[59,69254,139],{"class":73},[59,69256,11163],{"class":135},[59,69258,139],{"class":73},[59,69260,442],{"class":142},[59,69262,710],{"class":73},[59,69264,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,69266,715],{"class":135},[59,69268,139],{"class":73},[59,69270,11163],{"class":135},[59,69272,139],{"class":73},[59,69274,354],{"class":142},[59,69276,3675],{"class":73},[59,69278,38194],{"class":69},[59,69280,38184],{"class":135},[59,69282,139],{"class":73},[59,69284,442],{"class":142},[59,69286,710],{"class":73},[20,69288,168],{},[50,69290,69292],{"className":52,"code":69291,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69293,69294,69298,69302],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69295,69296],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69297,46419],{"class":178},[59,69299,69300],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69301,17056],{"class":178},[59,69303,69304],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69305,3994],{"class":3867},[20,69307,69308],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[50,69310,69312],{"className":52,"code":69311,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69313,69314,69346,69350,69372],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69315,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69317,249],{"class":65},[59,69319,70],{"class":69},[59,69321,74],{"class":73},[59,69323,78],{"class":77},[59,69325,258],{"class":81},[59,69327,78],{"class":77},[59,69329,87],{"class":73},[59,69331,90],{"class":77},[59,69333,267],{"class":81},[59,69335,78],{"class":77},[59,69337,87],{"class":73},[59,69339,90],{"class":77},[59,69341,276],{"class":81},[59,69343,78],{"class":77},[59,69345,107],{"class":73},[59,69347,69348],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69349,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69351,69352,69354,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69353,121],{"class":120},[59,69355,69356],{"class":65}," i ",[59,69358,132],{"class":120},[59,69360,53875],{"class":135},[59,69362,139],{"class":73},[59,69364,11163],{"class":135},[59,69366,139],{"class":73},[59,69368,304],{"class":142},[59,69370,69371],{"class":73},")):\n",[59,69373,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69385,69387,69389],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69375,152],{"class":135},[59,69377,139],{"class":73},[59,69379,491],{"class":142},[59,69381,87],{"class":73},[59,69383,69384],{"class":142}," names",[59,69386,3914],{"class":73},[59,69388,491],{"class":142},[59,69390,3902],{"class":73},[20,69392,168],{},[50,69394,69395],{"className":52,"code":326,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,69396,69397,69403,69409],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69398,69399,69401],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69400,179],{"class":178},[59,69402,335],{"class":65},[59,69404,69405,69407],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69406,187],{"class":178},[59,69408,342],{"class":65},[59,69410,69411,69413],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69412,195],{"class":178},[59,69414,349],{"class":65},[20,69416,69417,69418,358],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[354,69419,69421],{"href":69420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69423,69424,69425,69427],{},"You can also read ",[354,69426,51351],{"href":51350}," for a task-focused guide.",[45,69429,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,69431,69433],{"id":69432},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69435,201,69436,69439],{},[15,69437,69438],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1127,69441,1872,69443,12718],{"id":69442},"what-does-len-return",[15,69444,69445],{},"len([])",[20,69447,5159,69448,69450],{},[15,69449,179],{}," because the list is empty.",[1127,69452,69454],{"id":69453},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69456,69457],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1127,69459,28318,69461,69463],{"id":69460},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69462,68639],{}," in Python?",[20,69465,30258,69466,8227,69468,69470],{},[15,69467,68085],{},[15,69469,42161],{}," is a built-in function.",[45,69472,1927],{"id":1926},[29,69474,69475,69481,69485,69489,69493],{},[32,69476,69477],{},[354,69478,13,69479,536],{"href":42158},[15,69480,42161],{},[32,69482,69483],{},[354,69484,52395],{"href":51350},[32,69486,69487],{},[354,69488,52576],{"href":50783},[32,69490,69491],{},[354,69492,69067],{"href":69066},[32,69494,69495],{},[354,69496,69497],{"href":69420},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1953,69499,69500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":69502},[69503,69504,69506,69507,69508,69509,69517,69519,69527],{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":68077,"depth":110,"text":69505},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":68346,"depth":110,"text":68347},{"id":68487,"depth":110,"text":68488},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":69510},[69511,69513,69514,69515],{"id":68636,"depth":117,"text":69512},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25676,"depth":117,"text":25677},{"id":68816,"depth":117,"text":68817},{"id":69070,"depth":117,"text":69516},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69162,"depth":110,"text":69518},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":69520},[69521,69522,69524,69525],{"id":69432,"depth":117,"text":69433},{"id":69442,"depth":117,"text":69523},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69453,"depth":117,"text":69454},{"id":69460,"depth":117,"text":69526},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67972,"description":69528},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69534,"title":69535,"body":69536,"description":71518,"extension":1988,"meta":71519,"navigation":113,"path":71520,"seo":71521,"stem":71522,"__hash__":71523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69537,"toc":71491},[69538,69541,69546,69549,69557,69570,69572,69637,69639,69661,69666,69670,69675,69683,69685,69695,69697,69778,69780,69810,69812,69831,69836,69853,69855,69939,69941,69971,69976,69980,69986,70070,70072,70102,70105,70109,70112,70203,70205,70243,70246,70331,70333,70363,70369,70376,70380,70385,70394,70396,70481,70483,70512,70515,70523,70527,70531,70540,70563,70565,70587,70589,70603,70605,70665,70669,70674,70713,70715,70732,70734,70744,70843,70848,70852,70857,70900,70902,70930,70932,70946,71021,71023,71045,71049,71052,71057,71068,71073,71081,71084,71155,71157,71182,71239,71241,71262,71271,71279,71284,71286,71291,71312,71315,71390,71393,71407,71414,71416,71420,71426,71430,71440,71444,71451,71455,71461,71463,71488],[10,69539,69535],{"id":69540},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69542,69543,69545],{},[15,69544,54887],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69547,69548],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[29,69550,69551,69554],{},[32,69552,69553],{},"delete an item from a list",[32,69555,69556],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69558,69559,69560,69562,69563,1608,69565,69569],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69561,12765],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69564,12765],{},[354,69566,69567],{"href":54877},[15,69568,55334],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[45,69571,48],{"id":47},[50,69573,69575],{"className":52,"code":69574,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69576,69577,69597,69612,69616,69627],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69580,664],{"class":65},[59,69582,70],{"class":69},[59,69584,74],{"class":73},[59,69586,671],{"class":178},[59,69588,87],{"class":73},[59,69590,676],{"class":178},[59,69592,87],{"class":73},[59,69594,681],{"class":178},[59,69596,107],{"class":73},[59,69598,69599,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69600,69601],{"class":65},"last_item ",[59,69603,70],{"class":69},[59,69605,4277],{"class":65},[59,69607,358],{"class":73},[59,69609,26231],{"class":142},[59,69611,8647],{"class":73},[59,69613,69614],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69615,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69617,69618,69620,69622,69625],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69619,715],{"class":135},[59,69621,139],{"class":73},[59,69623,69624],{"class":142},"last_item",[59,69626,165],{"class":73},[59,69628,69629,69631,69633,69635],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,69630,715],{"class":135},[59,69632,139],{"class":73},[59,69634,707],{"class":142},[59,69636,165],{"class":73},[20,69638,168],{},[50,69640,69642],{"className":52,"code":69641,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69643,69644,69649],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69645,69646],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69647,69648],{"class":178},"30\n",[59,69650,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69652,3914],{"class":73},[59,69654,671],{"class":178},[59,69656,87],{"class":73},[59,69658,676],{"class":178},[59,69660,107],{"class":73},[20,69662,201,69663,69665],{},[15,69664,12765],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[45,69667,69669],{"id":69668},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69671,69672,69674],{},[15,69673,12765],{}," has two main jobs:",[29,69676,69677,69680],{},[32,69678,69679],{},"It removes one item from a list",[32,69681,69682],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69684,43451],{},[29,69686,69687,69690,69693],{},[32,69688,69689],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[32,69691,69692],{},"It changes the original list",[32,69694,52550],{},[20,69696,239],{},[50,69698,69700],{"className":52,"code":69699,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69701,69702,69734,69738,69753,69757,69768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69703,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69705,66],{"class":65},[59,69707,70],{"class":69},[59,69709,74],{"class":73},[59,69711,78],{"class":77},[59,69713,82],{"class":81},[59,69715,78],{"class":77},[59,69717,87],{"class":73},[59,69719,90],{"class":77},[59,69721,93],{"class":81},[59,69723,78],{"class":77},[59,69725,87],{"class":73},[59,69727,90],{"class":77},[59,69729,102],{"class":81},[59,69731,78],{"class":77},[59,69733,107],{"class":73},[59,69735,69736],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69737,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69739,69740,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69741,69742],{"class":65},"removed ",[59,69744,70],{"class":69},[59,69746,1558],{"class":65},[59,69748,358],{"class":73},[59,69750,26231],{"class":142},[59,69752,8647],{"class":73},[59,69754,69755],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69756,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69758,69759,69761,69763,69766],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,69760,715],{"class":135},[59,69762,139],{"class":73},[59,69764,69765],{"class":142},"removed",[59,69767,165],{"class":73},[59,69769,69770,69772,69774,69776],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,69771,715],{"class":135},[59,69773,139],{"class":73},[59,69775,143],{"class":142},[59,69777,165],{"class":73},[20,69779,168],{},[50,69781,69783],{"className":52,"code":69782,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69784,69785,69790],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69786,69787],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69788,69789],{"class":65},"blue\n",[59,69791,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69793,3914],{"class":73},[59,69795,1725],{"class":77},[59,69797,82],{"class":81},[59,69799,1725],{"class":77},[59,69801,87],{"class":73},[59,69803,1734],{"class":77},[59,69805,93],{"class":81},[59,69807,1725],{"class":77},[59,69809,107],{"class":73},[45,69811,362],{"id":361},[50,69813,69815],{"className":52,"code":69814,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69816,69817],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69818,69819,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69820,1651],{"class":697},[59,69822,358],{"class":73},[59,69824,26231],{"class":142},[59,69826,1629],{"class":73},[59,69828,157],{"class":142},[59,69830,3902],{"class":73},[20,69832,2005,69833,69835],{},[15,69834,157],{}," is optional.",[29,69837,69838,69844,69850],{},[32,69839,69840,69841,69843],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69842,12765],{}," removes the last item",[32,69845,69846,69847,69849],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69848,12765],{}," removes the item at that position",[32,69851,69852],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69854,239],{},[50,69856,69858],{"className":52,"code":69857,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69859,69860,69892,69896,69915,69919,69929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69861,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69863,425],{"class":65},[59,69865,70],{"class":69},[59,69867,74],{"class":73},[59,69869,78],{"class":77},[59,69871,354],{"class":81},[59,69873,78],{"class":77},[59,69875,87],{"class":73},[59,69877,90],{"class":77},[59,69879,442],{"class":81},[59,69881,78],{"class":77},[59,69883,87],{"class":73},[59,69885,90],{"class":77},[59,69887,451],{"class":81},[59,69889,78],{"class":77},[59,69891,107],{"class":73},[59,69893,69894],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69895,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69897,69898,69900,69902,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,69899,28528],{"class":65},[59,69901,70],{"class":69},[59,69903,69904],{"class":65}," letters",[59,69906,358],{"class":73},[59,69908,26231],{"class":142},[59,69910,139],{"class":73},[59,69912,187],{"class":178},[59,69914,165],{"class":73},[59,69916,69917],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,69918,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,69920,69921,69923,69925,69927],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,69922,715],{"class":135},[59,69924,139],{"class":73},[59,69926,23304],{"class":142},[59,69928,165],{"class":73},[59,69930,69931,69933,69935,69937],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,69932,715],{"class":135},[59,69934,139],{"class":73},[59,69936,480],{"class":142},[59,69938,165],{"class":73},[20,69940,168],{},[50,69942,69944],{"className":52,"code":69943,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69945,69946,69951],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69947,69948],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69949,69950],{"class":65},"b\n",[59,69952,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,69954,3914],{"class":73},[59,69956,1725],{"class":77},[59,69958,354],{"class":81},[59,69960,1725],{"class":77},[59,69962,87],{"class":73},[59,69964,1734],{"class":77},[59,69966,451],{"class":81},[59,69968,1725],{"class":77},[59,69970,107],{"class":73},[20,69972,69973,69974,358],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[354,69975,52576],{"href":50783},[45,69977,69979],{"id":69978},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69981,69982,69983,69985],{},"When you call ",[15,69984,12765],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[50,69987,69989],{"className":52,"code":69988,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69990,69991,70026,70030,70045,70049,70060],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,69992,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70004,70006,70008,70010,70013,70015,70017,70019,70022,70024],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,69994,812],{"class":65},[59,69996,70],{"class":69},[59,69998,74],{"class":73},[59,70000,78],{"class":77},[59,70002,70003],{"class":81},"write",[59,70005,78],{"class":77},[59,70007,87],{"class":73},[59,70009,90],{"class":77},[59,70011,70012],{"class":81},"test",[59,70014,78],{"class":77},[59,70016,87],{"class":73},[59,70018,90],{"class":77},[59,70020,70021],{"class":81},"submit",[59,70023,78],{"class":77},[59,70025,107],{"class":73},[59,70027,70028],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70029,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70031,70032,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70033,70034],{"class":65},"last_task ",[59,70036,70],{"class":69},[59,70038,29963],{"class":65},[59,70040,358],{"class":73},[59,70042,26231],{"class":142},[59,70044,8647],{"class":73},[59,70046,70047],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70048,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70050,70051,70053,70055,70058],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70052,715],{"class":135},[59,70054,139],{"class":73},[59,70056,70057],{"class":142},"last_task",[59,70059,165],{"class":73},[59,70061,70062,70064,70066,70068],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70063,715],{"class":135},[59,70065,139],{"class":73},[59,70067,868],{"class":142},[59,70069,165],{"class":73},[20,70071,168],{},[50,70073,70075],{"className":52,"code":70074,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70076,70077,70082],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70078,70079],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70080,70081],{"class":65},"submit\n",[59,70083,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70085,3914],{"class":73},[59,70087,1725],{"class":77},[59,70089,70003],{"class":81},[59,70091,1725],{"class":77},[59,70093,87],{"class":73},[59,70095,1734],{"class":77},[59,70097,70012],{"class":81},[59,70099,1725],{"class":77},[59,70101,107],{"class":73},[20,70103,70104],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[45,70106,70108],{"id":70107},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70110,70111],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[50,70113,70115],{"className":52,"code":70114,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70116,70117,70157,70161,70179,70183,70193],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70118,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70120,579],{"class":65},[59,70122,70],{"class":69},[59,70124,74],{"class":73},[59,70126,78],{"class":77},[59,70128,588],{"class":81},[59,70130,78],{"class":77},[59,70132,87],{"class":73},[59,70134,90],{"class":77},[59,70136,597],{"class":81},[59,70138,78],{"class":77},[59,70140,87],{"class":73},[59,70142,90],{"class":77},[59,70144,4110],{"class":81},[59,70146,78],{"class":77},[59,70148,87],{"class":73},[59,70150,90],{"class":77},[59,70152,606],{"class":81},[59,70154,78],{"class":77},[59,70156,107],{"class":73},[59,70158,70159],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70160,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70162,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70164,69742],{"class":65},[59,70166,70],{"class":69},[59,70168,52656],{"class":65},[59,70170,358],{"class":73},[59,70172,26231],{"class":142},[59,70174,139],{"class":73},[59,70176,187],{"class":178},[59,70178,165],{"class":73},[59,70180,70181],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70182,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70184,70185,70187,70189,70191],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70186,715],{"class":135},[59,70188,139],{"class":73},[59,70190,69765],{"class":142},[59,70192,165],{"class":73},[59,70194,70195,70197,70199,70201],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70196,715],{"class":135},[59,70198,139],{"class":73},[59,70200,634],{"class":142},[59,70202,165],{"class":73},[20,70204,168],{},[50,70206,70208],{"className":52,"code":70207,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70209,70210,70215],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70211,70212],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70213,70214],{"class":65},"banana\n",[59,70216,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70218,3914],{"class":73},[59,70220,1725],{"class":77},[59,70222,588],{"class":81},[59,70224,1725],{"class":77},[59,70226,87],{"class":73},[59,70228,1734],{"class":77},[59,70230,4110],{"class":81},[59,70232,1725],{"class":77},[59,70234,87],{"class":73},[59,70236,1734],{"class":77},[59,70238,606],{"class":81},[59,70240,1725],{"class":77},[59,70242,107],{"class":73},[20,70244,70245],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[50,70247,70249],{"className":52,"code":70248,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70250,70251,70283,70287,70307,70311,70321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70252,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70254,579],{"class":65},[59,70256,70],{"class":69},[59,70258,74],{"class":73},[59,70260,78],{"class":77},[59,70262,588],{"class":81},[59,70264,78],{"class":77},[59,70266,87],{"class":73},[59,70268,90],{"class":77},[59,70270,597],{"class":81},[59,70272,78],{"class":77},[59,70274,87],{"class":73},[59,70276,90],{"class":77},[59,70278,4110],{"class":81},[59,70280,78],{"class":77},[59,70282,107],{"class":73},[59,70284,70285],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70286,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70288,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70290,69742],{"class":65},[59,70292,70],{"class":69},[59,70294,52656],{"class":65},[59,70296,358],{"class":73},[59,70298,26231],{"class":142},[59,70300,139],{"class":73},[59,70302,2047],{"class":69},[59,70304,187],{"class":178},[59,70306,165],{"class":73},[59,70308,70309],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70310,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70312,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70314,715],{"class":135},[59,70316,139],{"class":73},[59,70318,69765],{"class":142},[59,70320,165],{"class":73},[59,70322,70323,70325,70327,70329],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70324,715],{"class":135},[59,70326,139],{"class":73},[59,70328,634],{"class":142},[59,70330,165],{"class":73},[20,70332,168],{},[50,70334,70336],{"className":52,"code":70335,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70337,70338,70343],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70339,70340],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70341,70342],{"class":65},"cherry\n",[59,70344,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70346,3914],{"class":73},[59,70348,1725],{"class":77},[59,70350,588],{"class":81},[59,70352,1725],{"class":77},[59,70354,87],{"class":73},[59,70356,1734],{"class":77},[59,70358,597],{"class":81},[59,70360,1725],{"class":77},[59,70362,107],{"class":73},[20,70364,70365,70366,70368],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70367,65662],{}," means the last item.",[20,70370,70371,70372,358],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[354,70373,70374,10742],{"href":58771},[15,70375,64673],{},[45,70377,70379],{"id":70378},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70381,70382,70384],{},[15,70383,12765],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70386,70387,70388,4408,70390,358],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70389,12765],{},[354,70391,70392],{"href":54877},[15,70393,55334],{},[20,70395,239],{},[50,70397,70399],{"className":52,"code":70398,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70400,70401,70433,70437,70456,70460,70471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70402,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70404,249],{"class":65},[59,70406,70],{"class":69},[59,70408,74],{"class":73},[59,70410,78],{"class":77},[59,70412,258],{"class":81},[59,70414,78],{"class":77},[59,70416,87],{"class":73},[59,70418,90],{"class":77},[59,70420,267],{"class":81},[59,70422,78],{"class":77},[59,70424,87],{"class":73},[59,70426,90],{"class":77},[59,70428,276],{"class":81},[59,70430,78],{"class":77},[59,70432,107],{"class":73},[59,70434,70435],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70436,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70438,70439,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452,70454],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70440,70441],{"class":65},"removed_name ",[59,70443,70],{"class":69},[59,70445,69384],{"class":65},[59,70447,358],{"class":73},[59,70449,26231],{"class":142},[59,70451,139],{"class":73},[59,70453,179],{"class":178},[59,70455,165],{"class":73},[59,70457,70458],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70459,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70461,70462,70464,70466,70469],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70463,715],{"class":135},[59,70465,139],{"class":73},[59,70467,70468],{"class":142},"removed_name",[59,70470,165],{"class":73},[59,70472,70473,70475,70477,70479],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70474,715],{"class":135},[59,70476,139],{"class":73},[59,70478,304],{"class":142},[59,70480,165],{"class":73},[20,70482,168],{},[50,70484,70486],{"className":52,"code":70485,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70487,70488,70492],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70489,70490],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70491,49843],{"class":65},[59,70493,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506,70508,70510],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70495,3914],{"class":73},[59,70497,1725],{"class":77},[59,70499,267],{"class":81},[59,70501,1725],{"class":77},[59,70503,87],{"class":73},[59,70505,1734],{"class":77},[59,70507,276],{"class":81},[59,70509,1725],{"class":77},[59,70511,107],{"class":73},[20,70513,70514],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70516,70517,70518,70520,70521,358],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70519,55334],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70522,3792],{},[45,70524,70526],{"id":70525},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1127,70528,70530],{"id":70529},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70532,70533,70534,70536,70537,358],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70535,12765],{}," raises an ",[15,70538,70539],{},"IndexError",[50,70541,70543],{"className":52,"code":70542,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70544,70545,70553],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70546,70547,70549,70551],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70548,1251],{"class":65},[59,70550,70],{"class":69},[59,70552,7844],{"class":73},[59,70554,70555,70557,70559,70561],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70556,1297],{"class":65},[59,70558,358],{"class":73},[59,70560,26231],{"class":142},[59,70562,8647],{"class":73},[20,70564,168],{},[50,70566,70568],{"className":52,"code":70567,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70569,70570],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70571,70572,70574,70576,70579,70582,70585],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70573,70539],{"class":697},[59,70575,1002],{"class":73},[59,70577,70578],{"class":65}," pop ",[59,70580,70581],{"class":120},"from",[59,70583,70584],{"class":65}," empty ",[59,70586,49689],{"class":697},[20,70588,39060],{},[29,70590,70591,70596],{},[32,70592,70593,70594],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70595,12765],{},[32,70597,70598,70599,4408,70601],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70600,29792],{},[15,70602,29823],{},[20,70604,239],{},[50,70606,70608],{"className":52,"code":70607,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70609,70610,70618,70622,70630,70644,70650],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70611,70612,70614,70616],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70613,1251],{"class":65},[59,70615,70],{"class":69},[59,70617,7844],{"class":73},[59,70619,70620],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70621,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70623,70624,70626,70628],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70625,7004],{"class":120},[59,70627,5972],{"class":65},[59,70629,1561],{"class":73},[59,70631,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70633,152],{"class":135},[59,70635,139],{"class":73},[59,70637,1297],{"class":142},[59,70639,358],{"class":73},[59,70641,26231],{"class":142},[59,70643,7201],{"class":73},[59,70645,70646,70648],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70647,27424],{"class":120},[59,70649,1561],{"class":73},[59,70651,70652,70654,70656,70658,70661,70663],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70653,152],{"class":135},[59,70655,139],{"class":73},[59,70657,78],{"class":77},[59,70659,70660],{"class":81},"The list is empty.",[59,70662,78],{"class":77},[59,70664,165],{"class":73},[1127,70666,70668],{"id":70667},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70670,70671,70672,358],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70673,70539],{},[50,70675,70677],{"className":52,"code":70676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70678,70679,70699],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70680,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70682,664],{"class":65},[59,70684,70],{"class":69},[59,70686,74],{"class":73},[59,70688,671],{"class":178},[59,70690,87],{"class":73},[59,70692,676],{"class":178},[59,70694,87],{"class":73},[59,70696,681],{"class":178},[59,70698,107],{"class":73},[59,70700,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70702,707],{"class":65},[59,70704,358],{"class":73},[59,70706,26231],{"class":142},[59,70708,139],{"class":73},[59,70710,2159],{"class":178},[59,70712,165],{"class":73},[20,70714,168],{},[50,70716,70718],{"className":52,"code":70717,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70719,70720],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70721,70722,70724,70726,70729],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70723,70539],{"class":697},[59,70725,1002],{"class":73},[59,70727,70728],{"class":65}," pop index out of ",[59,70730,70731],{"class":135},"range\n",[20,70733,39060],{},[29,70735,70736,70741],{},[32,70737,70738,70739],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70740,42161],{},[32,70742,70743],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[50,70745,70747],{"className":52,"code":70746,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70748,70749,70769,70778,70782,70804,70822,70828],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70750,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70752,664],{"class":65},[59,70754,70],{"class":69},[59,70756,74],{"class":73},[59,70758,671],{"class":178},[59,70760,87],{"class":73},[59,70762,676],{"class":178},[59,70764,87],{"class":73},[59,70766,681],{"class":178},[59,70768,107],{"class":73},[59,70770,70771,70774,70776],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70772,70773],{"class":65},"index ",[59,70775,70],{"class":69},[59,70777,45391],{"class":178},[59,70779,70780],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70781,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70783,70784,70786,70788,70791,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70785,7004],{"class":120},[59,70787,3848],{"class":178},[59,70789,70790],{"class":69}," \u003C=",[59,70792,70793],{"class":65}," index ",[59,70795,1769],{"class":69},[59,70797,38184],{"class":135},[59,70799,139],{"class":73},[59,70801,707],{"class":142},[59,70803,146],{"class":73},[59,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,70807,152],{"class":135},[59,70809,139],{"class":73},[59,70811,707],{"class":142},[59,70813,358],{"class":73},[59,70815,26231],{"class":142},[59,70817,139],{"class":73},[59,70819,157],{"class":142},[59,70821,710],{"class":73},[59,70823,70824,70826],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,70825,27424],{"class":120},[59,70827,1561],{"class":73},[59,70829,70830,70832,70834,70836,70839,70841],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,70831,152],{"class":135},[59,70833,139],{"class":73},[59,70835,78],{"class":77},[59,70837,70838],{"class":81},"Index is out of range.",[59,70840,78],{"class":77},[59,70842,165],{"class":73},[20,70844,70845,70846,358],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[354,70847,69067],{"href":69066},[1127,70849,70851],{"id":70850},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70853,70854,70856],{},[15,70855,12765],{}," expects an integer index.",[50,70858,70860],{"className":52,"code":70859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70861,70862,70882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70863,70864,70866,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70865,664],{"class":65},[59,70867,70],{"class":69},[59,70869,74],{"class":73},[59,70871,671],{"class":178},[59,70873,87],{"class":73},[59,70875,676],{"class":178},[59,70877,87],{"class":73},[59,70879,681],{"class":178},[59,70881,107],{"class":73},[59,70883,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70885,707],{"class":65},[59,70887,358],{"class":73},[59,70889,26231],{"class":142},[59,70891,139],{"class":73},[59,70893,78],{"class":77},[59,70895,187],{"class":81},[59,70897,78],{"class":77},[59,70899,165],{"class":73},[20,70901,168],{},[50,70903,70905],{"className":52,"code":70904,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70906,70907],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70908,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70924,70927],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70910,3021],{"class":697},[59,70912,1002],{"class":73},[59,70914,1734],{"class":77},[59,70916,3460],{"class":81},[59,70918,1725],{"class":77},[59,70920,1774],{"class":697},[59,70922,70923],{"class":65}," cannot be interpreted ",[59,70925,70926],{"class":120},"as",[59,70928,70929],{"class":65}," an integer\n",[20,70931,39060],{},[29,70933,70934,70943],{},[32,70935,70936,70937,1208,70939,2213,70941],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70938,179],{},[15,70940,187],{},[15,70942,65662],{},[32,70944,70945],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[50,70947,70949],{"className":52,"code":70948,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70950,70951,70971,70989,70993,71011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,70952,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,70954,664],{"class":65},[59,70956,70],{"class":69},[59,70958,74],{"class":73},[59,70960,671],{"class":178},[59,70962,87],{"class":73},[59,70964,676],{"class":178},[59,70966,87],{"class":73},[59,70968,681],{"class":178},[59,70970,107],{"class":73},[59,70972,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,70974,70773],{"class":65},[59,70976,70],{"class":69},[59,70978,45078],{"class":697},[59,70980,139],{"class":73},[59,70982,78],{"class":77},[59,70984,187],{"class":81},[59,70986,78],{"class":77},[59,70988,165],{"class":73},[59,70990,70991],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,70992,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,70994,70995,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71009],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,70996,715],{"class":135},[59,70998,139],{"class":73},[59,71000,707],{"class":142},[59,71002,358],{"class":73},[59,71004,26231],{"class":142},[59,71006,139],{"class":73},[59,71008,157],{"class":142},[59,71010,710],{"class":73},[59,71012,71013,71015,71017,71019],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,71014,715],{"class":135},[59,71016,139],{"class":73},[59,71018,707],{"class":142},[59,71020,165],{"class":73},[20,71022,168],{},[50,71024,71026],{"className":52,"code":71025,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71027,71028,71033],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71029,71030],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71031,71032],{"class":178},"20\n",[59,71034,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71036,3914],{"class":73},[59,71038,671],{"class":178},[59,71040,87],{"class":73},[59,71042,681],{"class":178},[59,71044,107],{"class":73},[45,71046,71048],{"id":71047},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71050,71051],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1127,71053,201,71055,10602],{"id":71054},"use-pop-when",[15,71056,12765],{},[29,71058,71059,71062,71065],{},[32,71060,71061],{},"you want to remove by index",[32,71063,71064],{},"you want the removed item returned",[32,71066,71067],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1127,71069,201,71071,10602],{"id":71070},"use-remove-when",[15,71072,55334],{},[29,71074,71075,71078],{},[32,71076,71077],{},"you want to remove by value",[32,71079,71080],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71082,71083],{},"Compare these examples:",[50,71085,71087],{"className":52,"code":71086,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71088,71089,71113,71117,71135,71145],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71090,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71092,664],{"class":65},[59,71094,70],{"class":69},[59,71096,74],{"class":73},[59,71098,671],{"class":178},[59,71100,87],{"class":73},[59,71102,676],{"class":178},[59,71104,87],{"class":73},[59,71106,681],{"class":178},[59,71108,87],{"class":73},[59,71110,676],{"class":178},[59,71112,107],{"class":73},[59,71114,71115],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71116,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,71118,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71120,69742],{"class":65},[59,71122,70],{"class":69},[59,71124,4277],{"class":65},[59,71126,358],{"class":73},[59,71128,26231],{"class":142},[59,71130,139],{"class":73},[59,71132,187],{"class":178},[59,71134,165],{"class":73},[59,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,71138,715],{"class":135},[59,71140,139],{"class":73},[59,71142,69765],{"class":142},[59,71144,165],{"class":73},[59,71146,71147,71149,71151,71153],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,71148,715],{"class":135},[59,71150,139],{"class":73},[59,71152,707],{"class":142},[59,71154,165],{"class":73},[20,71156,168],{},[50,71158,71160],{"className":52,"code":71159,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71161,71162,71166],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71163,71164],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71165,71032],{"class":178},[59,71167,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71169,3914],{"class":73},[59,71171,671],{"class":178},[59,71173,87],{"class":73},[59,71175,681],{"class":178},[59,71177,87],{"class":73},[59,71179,676],{"class":178},[59,71181,107],{"class":73},[50,71183,71185],{"className":52,"code":71184,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71186,71187,71211,71215,71229],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71188,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197,71199,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71190,664],{"class":65},[59,71192,70],{"class":69},[59,71194,74],{"class":73},[59,71196,671],{"class":178},[59,71198,87],{"class":73},[59,71200,676],{"class":178},[59,71202,87],{"class":73},[59,71204,681],{"class":178},[59,71206,87],{"class":73},[59,71208,676],{"class":178},[59,71210,107],{"class":73},[59,71212,71213],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71214,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,71216,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71218,707],{"class":65},[59,71220,358],{"class":73},[59,71222,34782],{"class":142},[59,71224,139],{"class":73},[59,71226,1222],{"class":178},[59,71228,165],{"class":73},[59,71230,71231,71233,71235,71237],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,71232,715],{"class":135},[59,71234,139],{"class":73},[59,71236,707],{"class":142},[59,71238,165],{"class":73},[20,71240,168],{},[50,71242,71244],{"className":52,"code":71243,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71245,71246],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71247,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71249,3914],{"class":73},[59,71251,671],{"class":178},[59,71253,87],{"class":73},[59,71255,681],{"class":178},[59,71257,87],{"class":73},[59,71259,676],{"class":178},[59,71261,107],{"class":73},[20,71263,71264,71265,71268,71269,358],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71266,71267],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71270,187],{},[20,71272,56410,71273,71276,71277,358],{},[15,71274,71275],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71278,1222],{},[20,71280,71281,71282,358],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[354,71283,54873],{"href":54872},[45,71285,1579],{"id":1578},[20,71287,71288,71289,1002],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71290,12765],{},[29,71292,71293,71296,71299,71305,71309],{},[32,71294,71295],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[32,71297,71298],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[32,71300,1605,71301,1608,71303],{},[15,71302,12765],{},[15,71304,55334],{},[32,71306,8456,71307,61779],{},[15,71308,12765],{},[32,71310,71311],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71313,71314],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[50,71316,71318],{"className":52,"code":71317,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71319,71320,71330,71344,71358,71376],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71321,71322,71324,71326,71328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71323,715],{"class":135},[59,71325,139],{"class":73},[59,71327,8344],{"class":142},[59,71329,165],{"class":73},[59,71331,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71333,715],{"class":135},[59,71335,139],{"class":73},[59,71337,11163],{"class":135},[59,71339,139],{"class":73},[59,71341,8344],{"class":142},[59,71343,710],{"class":73},[59,71345,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71347,715],{"class":135},[59,71349,139],{"class":73},[59,71351,8344],{"class":142},[59,71353,358],{"class":73},[59,71355,26231],{"class":142},[59,71357,7201],{"class":73},[59,71359,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,71361,715],{"class":135},[59,71363,139],{"class":73},[59,71365,8344],{"class":142},[59,71367,358],{"class":73},[59,71369,26231],{"class":142},[59,71371,139],{"class":73},[59,71373,179],{"class":178},[59,71375,710],{"class":73},[59,71377,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,71379,715],{"class":135},[59,71381,139],{"class":73},[59,71383,3239],{"class":697},[59,71385,139],{"class":73},[59,71387,157],{"class":142},[59,71389,710],{"class":73},[20,71391,71392],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[29,71394,71395,71401],{},[32,71396,71397,71400],{},[15,71398,71399],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[32,71402,71403,71406],{},[15,71404,71405],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71408,71409,71410,71413],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71411,71412],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[45,71415,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,71417,71419],{"id":71418},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71421,71422,71423,71425],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71424,12765],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1127,71427,71429],{"id":71428},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71431,71432,71434,71435,71437,71438,358],{},[15,71433,12765],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71436,55334],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71439,3792],{},[1127,71441,71443],{"id":71442},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71445,71446,71447,71450],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71448,71449],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1127,71452,71454],{"id":71453},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71456,71457,71458,71460],{},"Python raises ",[15,71459,70539],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[45,71462,1927],{"id":1926},[29,71464,71465,71469,71474,71479,71484],{},[32,71466,71467],{},[354,71468,55320],{"href":54872},[32,71470,71471],{},[354,71472,71473],{"href":54877},"Python list remove() method",[32,71475,71476],{},[354,71477,71478],{"href":58771},"Python list index() method",[32,71480,71481],{},[354,71482,71483],{"href":50783},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[32,71485,71486],{},[354,71487,69067],{"href":69066},[1953,71489,71490],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":71492},[71493,71494,71495,71496,71497,71498,71499,71504,71510,71511,71517],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":69668,"depth":110,"text":69669},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":69978,"depth":110,"text":69979},{"id":70107,"depth":110,"text":70108},{"id":70378,"depth":110,"text":70379},{"id":70525,"depth":110,"text":70526,"children":71500},[71501,71502,71503],{"id":70529,"depth":117,"text":70530},{"id":70667,"depth":117,"text":70668},{"id":70850,"depth":117,"text":70851},{"id":71047,"depth":110,"text":71048,"children":71505},[71506,71508],{"id":71054,"depth":117,"text":71507},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71070,"depth":117,"text":71509},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":71512},[71513,71514,71515,71516],{"id":71418,"depth":117,"text":71419},{"id":71428,"depth":117,"text":71429},{"id":71442,"depth":117,"text":71443},{"id":71453,"depth":117,"text":71454},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69535,"description":71518},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71525,"title":71526,"body":71527,"description":73313,"extension":1988,"meta":73314,"navigation":113,"path":73315,"seo":73316,"stem":73317,"__hash__":73318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71528,"toc":73295},[71529,71532,71537,71543,71545,71615,71621,71625,71630,71651,71654,71721,71723,71744,71752,71754,71773,71789,71791,71856,71858,71883,71885,71887,71952,71954,71979,71981,71995,71998,72051,72053,72074,72078,72086,72159,72161,72194,72200,72206,72297,72299,72324,72330,72419,72421,72445,72447,72451,72506,72508,72540,72543,72546,72640,72642,72675,72681,72687,72691,72698,72724,72728,72793,72795,72820,72824,72905,72907,72936,72941,72946,72952,72956,72963,72985,72989,73048,73050,73074,73083,73088,73090,73094,73123,73125,73200,73203,73217,73223,73225,73229,73232,73236,73241,73245,73254,73258,73266,73268,73292],[10,71530,71526],{"id":71531},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71533,2005,71534,71536],{},[15,71535,54880],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71538,71539,71540,71542],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[549,71541,1217],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[45,71544,48],{"id":47},[50,71546,71548],{"className":52,"code":71547,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71549,71550,71582,71600,71610],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71553,1251],{"class":65},[59,71555,70],{"class":69},[59,71557,74],{"class":73},[59,71559,78],{"class":77},[59,71561,588],{"class":81},[59,71563,78],{"class":77},[59,71565,87],{"class":73},[59,71567,90],{"class":77},[59,71569,597],{"class":81},[59,71571,78],{"class":77},[59,71573,87],{"class":73},[59,71575,90],{"class":77},[59,71577,606],{"class":81},[59,71579,78],{"class":77},[59,71581,107],{"class":73},[59,71583,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71585,1297],{"class":65},[59,71587,358],{"class":73},[59,71589,34782],{"class":142},[59,71591,139],{"class":73},[59,71593,78],{"class":77},[59,71595,597],{"class":81},[59,71597,78],{"class":77},[59,71599,165],{"class":73},[59,71601,71602,71604,71606,71608],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71603,715],{"class":135},[59,71605,139],{"class":73},[59,71607,1297],{"class":142},[59,71609,165],{"class":73},[59,71611,71612],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,71613,71614],{"class":3678},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71616,201,71617,71620],{},[15,71618,71619],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[45,71622,71624],{"id":71623},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71626,71627,71629],{},[15,71628,55334],{}," is a list method that:",[29,71631,71632,71638,71643,71648],{},[32,71633,71634,71635,71637],{},"Deletes the ",[549,71636,29896],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[32,71639,71640,71641],{},"Changes the original list ",[549,71642,11336],{},[32,71644,1882,71645,71647],{},[549,71646,4647],{}," return a new list",[32,71649,71650],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71652,71653],{},"This is important for beginners:",[50,71655,71657],{"className":52,"code":71656,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71658,71659,71679,71697,71701,71711],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71660,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71662,664],{"class":65},[59,71664,70],{"class":69},[59,71666,74],{"class":73},[59,71668,187],{"class":178},[59,71670,87],{"class":73},[59,71672,3009],{"class":178},[59,71674,87],{"class":73},[59,71676,2469],{"class":178},[59,71678,107],{"class":73},[59,71680,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71682,692],{"class":65},[59,71684,70],{"class":69},[59,71686,4277],{"class":65},[59,71688,358],{"class":73},[59,71690,34782],{"class":142},[59,71692,139],{"class":73},[59,71694,195],{"class":178},[59,71696,165],{"class":73},[59,71698,71699],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71700,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,71704,715],{"class":135},[59,71706,139],{"class":73},[59,71708,707],{"class":142},[59,71710,165],{"class":73},[59,71712,71713,71715,71717,71719],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,71714,715],{"class":135},[59,71716,139],{"class":73},[59,71718,720],{"class":142},[59,71720,165],{"class":73},[20,71722,168],{},[50,71724,71726],{"className":52,"code":71725,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71727,71728,71740],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71729,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71731,3914],{"class":73},[59,71733,187],{"class":178},[59,71735,87],{"class":73},[59,71737,2469],{"class":178},[59,71739,107],{"class":73},[59,71741,71742],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71743,11810],{"class":3867},[20,71745,71746,71747,71749,71750,358],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71748,55334],{}," itself returned ",[15,71751,3792],{},[45,71753,5439],{"id":5438},[50,71755,71757],{"className":52,"code":71756,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71758,71759],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71760,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71762,1651],{"class":697},[59,71764,358],{"class":73},[59,71766,34782],{"class":142},[59,71768,139],{"class":73},[59,71770,1217],{"class":142},[59,71772,165],{"class":73},[29,71774,71775,71780,71783],{},[32,71776,71777,71779],{},[15,71778,1217],{}," is the item you want to delete",[32,71781,71782],{},"Python searches from left to right",[32,71784,71785,71786,71788],{},"Only the ",[549,71787,29896],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71790,239],{},[50,71792,71794],{"className":52,"code":71793,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71795,71796,71828,71846],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71797,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71799,425],{"class":65},[59,71801,70],{"class":69},[59,71803,74],{"class":73},[59,71805,78],{"class":77},[59,71807,354],{"class":81},[59,71809,78],{"class":77},[59,71811,87],{"class":73},[59,71813,90],{"class":77},[59,71815,442],{"class":81},[59,71817,78],{"class":77},[59,71819,87],{"class":73},[59,71821,90],{"class":77},[59,71823,451],{"class":81},[59,71825,78],{"class":77},[59,71827,107],{"class":73},[59,71829,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71831,480],{"class":65},[59,71833,358],{"class":73},[59,71835,34782],{"class":142},[59,71837,139],{"class":73},[59,71839,78],{"class":77},[59,71841,442],{"class":81},[59,71843,78],{"class":77},[59,71845,165],{"class":73},[59,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71849,715],{"class":135},[59,71851,139],{"class":73},[59,71853,480],{"class":142},[59,71855,165],{"class":73},[20,71857,168],{},[50,71859,71861],{"className":52,"code":71860,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71862,71863],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71864,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71866,3914],{"class":73},[59,71868,1725],{"class":77},[59,71870,354],{"class":81},[59,71872,1725],{"class":77},[59,71874,87],{"class":73},[59,71876,1734],{"class":77},[59,71878,451],{"class":81},[59,71880,1725],{"class":77},[59,71882,107],{"class":73},[45,71884,5795],{"id":5794},[20,71886,64982],{},[50,71888,71890],{"className":52,"code":71889,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71891,71892,71924,71942],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71893,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71895,66],{"class":65},[59,71897,70],{"class":69},[59,71899,74],{"class":73},[59,71901,78],{"class":77},[59,71903,82],{"class":81},[59,71905,78],{"class":77},[59,71907,87],{"class":73},[59,71909,90],{"class":77},[59,71911,102],{"class":81},[59,71913,78],{"class":77},[59,71915,87],{"class":73},[59,71917,90],{"class":77},[59,71919,93],{"class":81},[59,71921,78],{"class":77},[59,71923,107],{"class":73},[59,71925,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,71927,143],{"class":65},[59,71929,358],{"class":73},[59,71931,34782],{"class":142},[59,71933,139],{"class":73},[59,71935,78],{"class":77},[59,71937,102],{"class":81},[59,71939,78],{"class":77},[59,71941,165],{"class":73},[59,71943,71944,71946,71948,71950],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,71945,715],{"class":135},[59,71947,139],{"class":73},[59,71949,143],{"class":142},[59,71951,165],{"class":73},[20,71953,168],{},[50,71955,71957],{"className":52,"code":71956,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71958,71959],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,71962,3914],{"class":73},[59,71964,1725],{"class":77},[59,71966,82],{"class":81},[59,71968,1725],{"class":77},[59,71970,87],{"class":73},[59,71972,1734],{"class":77},[59,71974,93],{"class":81},[59,71976,1725],{"class":77},[59,71978,107],{"class":73},[20,71980,11687],{},[29,71982,71983,71986,71992],{},[32,71984,71985],{},"A list is created with three values",[32,71987,71988,71991],{},[15,71989,71990],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[32,71993,71994],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71996,71997],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[50,71999,72001],{"className":52,"code":72000,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72002,72003,72027,72041],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72004,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72006,5077],{"class":65},[59,72008,70],{"class":69},[59,72010,74],{"class":73},[59,72012,671],{"class":178},[59,72014,87],{"class":73},[59,72016,676],{"class":178},[59,72018,87],{"class":73},[59,72020,681],{"class":178},[59,72022,87],{"class":73},[59,72024,50647],{"class":178},[59,72026,107],{"class":73},[59,72028,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72030,16389],{"class":65},[59,72032,358],{"class":73},[59,72034,34782],{"class":142},[59,72036,139],{"class":73},[59,72038,1225],{"class":178},[59,72040,165],{"class":73},[59,72042,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72044,715],{"class":135},[59,72046,139],{"class":73},[59,72048,16389],{"class":142},[59,72050,165],{"class":73},[20,72052,168],{},[50,72054,72056],{"className":52,"code":72055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72057,72058],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72059,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72061,3914],{"class":73},[59,72063,671],{"class":178},[59,72065,87],{"class":73},[59,72067,676],{"class":178},[59,72069,87],{"class":73},[59,72071,50647],{"class":178},[59,72073,107],{"class":73},[45,72075,72077],{"id":72076},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72079,64972,72080,72082,72083,72085],{},[15,72081,55334],{}," deletes only the ",[549,72084,29896],{}," one.",[50,72087,72089],{"className":52,"code":72088,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72090,72091,72131,72149],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72092,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72094,1251],{"class":65},[59,72096,70],{"class":69},[59,72098,74],{"class":73},[59,72100,78],{"class":77},[59,72102,588],{"class":81},[59,72104,78],{"class":77},[59,72106,87],{"class":73},[59,72108,90],{"class":77},[59,72110,597],{"class":81},[59,72112,78],{"class":77},[59,72114,87],{"class":73},[59,72116,90],{"class":77},[59,72118,588],{"class":81},[59,72120,78],{"class":77},[59,72122,87],{"class":73},[59,72124,90],{"class":77},[59,72126,606],{"class":81},[59,72128,78],{"class":77},[59,72130,107],{"class":73},[59,72132,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72134,1297],{"class":65},[59,72136,358],{"class":73},[59,72138,34782],{"class":142},[59,72140,139],{"class":73},[59,72142,78],{"class":77},[59,72144,588],{"class":81},[59,72146,78],{"class":77},[59,72148,165],{"class":73},[59,72150,72151,72153,72155,72157],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72152,715],{"class":135},[59,72154,139],{"class":73},[59,72156,1297],{"class":142},[59,72158,165],{"class":73},[20,72160,168],{},[50,72162,72164],{"className":52,"code":72163,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72165,72166],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72167,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72169,3914],{"class":73},[59,72171,1725],{"class":77},[59,72173,597],{"class":81},[59,72175,1725],{"class":77},[59,72177,87],{"class":73},[59,72179,1734],{"class":77},[59,72181,588],{"class":81},[59,72183,1725],{"class":77},[59,72185,87],{"class":73},[59,72187,1734],{"class":77},[59,72189,606],{"class":81},[59,72191,1725],{"class":77},[59,72193,107],{"class":73},[20,72195,72196,72197,72199],{},"Only the first ",[15,72198,57639],{}," was removed.",[20,72201,72202,72203,72205],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72204,55334],{}," again:",[50,72207,72209],{"className":52,"code":72208,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72210,72211,72251,72269,72287],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72212,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72214,1251],{"class":65},[59,72216,70],{"class":69},[59,72218,74],{"class":73},[59,72220,78],{"class":77},[59,72222,588],{"class":81},[59,72224,78],{"class":77},[59,72226,87],{"class":73},[59,72228,90],{"class":77},[59,72230,597],{"class":81},[59,72232,78],{"class":77},[59,72234,87],{"class":73},[59,72236,90],{"class":77},[59,72238,588],{"class":81},[59,72240,78],{"class":77},[59,72242,87],{"class":73},[59,72244,90],{"class":77},[59,72246,606],{"class":81},[59,72248,78],{"class":77},[59,72250,107],{"class":73},[59,72252,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72254,1297],{"class":65},[59,72256,358],{"class":73},[59,72258,34782],{"class":142},[59,72260,139],{"class":73},[59,72262,78],{"class":77},[59,72264,588],{"class":81},[59,72266,78],{"class":77},[59,72268,165],{"class":73},[59,72270,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72272,1297],{"class":65},[59,72274,358],{"class":73},[59,72276,34782],{"class":142},[59,72278,139],{"class":73},[59,72280,78],{"class":77},[59,72282,588],{"class":81},[59,72284,78],{"class":77},[59,72286,165],{"class":73},[59,72288,72289,72291,72293,72295],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,72290,715],{"class":135},[59,72292,139],{"class":73},[59,72294,1297],{"class":142},[59,72296,165],{"class":73},[20,72298,168],{},[50,72300,72302],{"className":52,"code":72301,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72303,72304],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72305,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72307,3914],{"class":73},[59,72309,1725],{"class":77},[59,72311,597],{"class":81},[59,72313,1725],{"class":77},[59,72315,87],{"class":73},[59,72317,1734],{"class":77},[59,72319,606],{"class":81},[59,72321,1725],{"class":77},[59,72323,107],{"class":73},[20,72325,72326,72327,72329],{},"If you need to remove ",[549,72328,3730],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[50,72331,72333],{"className":52,"code":72332,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72334,72335,72375,72409],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72336,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72338,1251],{"class":65},[59,72340,70],{"class":69},[59,72342,74],{"class":73},[59,72344,78],{"class":77},[59,72346,588],{"class":81},[59,72348,78],{"class":77},[59,72350,87],{"class":73},[59,72352,90],{"class":77},[59,72354,597],{"class":81},[59,72356,78],{"class":77},[59,72358,87],{"class":73},[59,72360,90],{"class":77},[59,72362,588],{"class":81},[59,72364,78],{"class":77},[59,72366,87],{"class":73},[59,72368,90],{"class":77},[59,72370,606],{"class":81},[59,72372,78],{"class":77},[59,72374,107],{"class":73},[59,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72394,72396,72398,72401,72403,72405,72407],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72378,1251],{"class":65},[59,72380,70],{"class":69},[59,72382,74],{"class":73},[59,72384,28528],{"class":65},[59,72386,121],{"class":120},[59,72388,1288],{"class":65},[59,72390,132],{"class":120},[59,72392,72393],{"class":65}," items ",[59,72395,7004],{"class":120},[59,72397,1288],{"class":65},[59,72399,72400],{"class":69},"!=",[59,72402,90],{"class":77},[59,72404,588],{"class":81},[59,72406,78],{"class":77},[59,72408,107],{"class":73},[59,72410,72411,72413,72415,72417],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72412,715],{"class":135},[59,72414,139],{"class":73},[59,72416,1297],{"class":142},[59,72418,165],{"class":73},[20,72420,168],{},[50,72422,72423],{"className":52,"code":72301,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,72424,72425],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72426,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72428,3914],{"class":73},[59,72430,1725],{"class":77},[59,72432,597],{"class":81},[59,72434,1725],{"class":77},[59,72436,87],{"class":73},[59,72438,1734],{"class":77},[59,72440,606],{"class":81},[59,72442,1725],{"class":77},[59,72444,107],{"class":73},[45,72446,65438],{"id":65437},[20,72448,65441,72449,358],{},[15,72450,40503],{},[50,72452,72454],{"className":52,"code":72453,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72455,72456,72488],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72457,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72459,1251],{"class":65},[59,72461,70],{"class":69},[59,72463,74],{"class":73},[59,72465,78],{"class":77},[59,72467,588],{"class":81},[59,72469,78],{"class":77},[59,72471,87],{"class":73},[59,72473,90],{"class":77},[59,72475,597],{"class":81},[59,72477,78],{"class":77},[59,72479,87],{"class":73},[59,72481,90],{"class":77},[59,72483,606],{"class":81},[59,72485,78],{"class":77},[59,72487,107],{"class":73},[59,72489,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72491,1297],{"class":65},[59,72493,358],{"class":73},[59,72495,34782],{"class":142},[59,72497,139],{"class":73},[59,72499,78],{"class":77},[59,72501,22528],{"class":81},[59,72503,78],{"class":77},[59,72505,165],{"class":73},[20,72507,168],{},[50,72509,72511],{"className":52,"code":72510,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72512,72513],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72514,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72516,40503],{"class":697},[59,72518,1002],{"class":73},[59,72520,698],{"class":697},[59,72522,358],{"class":73},[59,72524,34782],{"class":142},[59,72526,139],{"class":73},[59,72528,1260],{"class":142},[59,72530,16452],{"class":73},[59,72532,3894],{"class":65},[59,72534,4647],{"class":69},[59,72536,21173],{"class":69},[59,72538,72539],{"class":697}," list\n",[20,72541,72542],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72544,72545],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[50,72547,72549],{"className":52,"code":72548,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72550,72551,72583,72595,72599,72611,72626,72630],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72552,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72554,1251],{"class":65},[59,72556,70],{"class":69},[59,72558,74],{"class":73},[59,72560,78],{"class":77},[59,72562,588],{"class":81},[59,72564,78],{"class":77},[59,72566,87],{"class":73},[59,72568,90],{"class":77},[59,72570,597],{"class":81},[59,72572,78],{"class":77},[59,72574,87],{"class":73},[59,72576,90],{"class":77},[59,72578,606],{"class":81},[59,72580,78],{"class":77},[59,72582,107],{"class":73},[59,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72586,2464],{"class":65},[59,72588,70],{"class":69},[59,72590,90],{"class":77},[59,72592,22528],{"class":81},[59,72594,3374],{"class":77},[59,72596,72597],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72598,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,72602,7004],{"class":120},[59,72604,1173],{"class":65},[59,72606,132],{"class":69},[59,72608,5972],{"class":65},[59,72610,1561],{"class":73},[59,72612,72613,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,72614,72615],{"class":65},"    items",[59,72617,358],{"class":73},[59,72619,34782],{"class":142},[59,72621,139],{"class":73},[59,72623,1217],{"class":142},[59,72625,165],{"class":73},[59,72627,72628],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,72629,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,72633,715],{"class":135},[59,72635,139],{"class":73},[59,72637,1297],{"class":142},[59,72639,165],{"class":73},[20,72641,168],{},[50,72643,72645],{"className":52,"code":72644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72646,72647],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72650,3914],{"class":73},[59,72652,1725],{"class":77},[59,72654,588],{"class":81},[59,72656,1725],{"class":77},[59,72658,87],{"class":73},[59,72660,1734],{"class":77},[59,72662,597],{"class":81},[59,72664,1725],{"class":77},[59,72666,87],{"class":73},[59,72668,1734],{"class":77},[59,72670,606],{"class":81},[59,72672,1725],{"class":77},[59,72674,107],{"class":73},[20,72676,72677,72678,72680],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72679,55334],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72682,72683,72684,358],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[354,72685,65647],{"href":72686},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[45,72688,72690],{"id":72689},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72692,72693,4408,72695,72697],{},[15,72694,55334],{},[15,72696,12765],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[29,72699,72700,72707,72713,72719],{},[32,72701,72702,72704,72705],{},[15,72703,55334],{}," deletes by ",[549,72706,1217],{},[32,72708,72709,72704,72711],{},[15,72710,12765],{},[549,72712,157],{},[32,72714,72715,2414,72717],{},[15,72716,55334],{},[15,72718,3792],{},[32,72720,72721,72723],{},[15,72722,12765],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72725,45842,72726,1002],{},[15,72727,55334],{},[50,72729,72731],{"className":52,"code":72730,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72732,72733,72765,72783],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72734,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72736,1251],{"class":65},[59,72738,70],{"class":69},[59,72740,74],{"class":73},[59,72742,78],{"class":77},[59,72744,588],{"class":81},[59,72746,78],{"class":77},[59,72748,87],{"class":73},[59,72750,90],{"class":77},[59,72752,597],{"class":81},[59,72754,78],{"class":77},[59,72756,87],{"class":73},[59,72758,90],{"class":77},[59,72760,606],{"class":81},[59,72762,78],{"class":77},[59,72764,107],{"class":73},[59,72766,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72768,1297],{"class":65},[59,72770,358],{"class":73},[59,72772,34782],{"class":142},[59,72774,139],{"class":73},[59,72776,78],{"class":77},[59,72778,597],{"class":81},[59,72780,78],{"class":77},[59,72782,165],{"class":73},[59,72784,72785,72787,72789,72791],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72786,715],{"class":135},[59,72788,139],{"class":73},[59,72790,1297],{"class":142},[59,72792,165],{"class":73},[20,72794,168],{},[50,72796,72798],{"className":52,"code":72797,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72799,72800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72801,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72803,3914],{"class":73},[59,72805,1725],{"class":77},[59,72807,588],{"class":81},[59,72809,1725],{"class":77},[59,72811,87],{"class":73},[59,72813,1734],{"class":77},[59,72815,606],{"class":81},[59,72817,1725],{"class":77},[59,72819,107],{"class":73},[20,72821,45842,72822,1002],{},[15,72823,12765],{},[50,72825,72827],{"className":52,"code":72826,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72828,72829,72861,72880,72884,72894],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72830,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72832,1251],{"class":65},[59,72834,70],{"class":69},[59,72836,74],{"class":73},[59,72838,78],{"class":77},[59,72840,588],{"class":81},[59,72842,78],{"class":77},[59,72844,87],{"class":73},[59,72846,90],{"class":77},[59,72848,597],{"class":81},[59,72850,78],{"class":77},[59,72852,87],{"class":73},[59,72854,90],{"class":77},[59,72856,606],{"class":81},[59,72858,78],{"class":77},[59,72860,107],{"class":73},[59,72862,72863,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72864,72865],{"class":65},"removed_item ",[59,72867,70],{"class":69},[59,72869,5972],{"class":65},[59,72871,358],{"class":73},[59,72873,26231],{"class":142},[59,72875,139],{"class":73},[59,72877,187],{"class":178},[59,72879,165],{"class":73},[59,72881,72882],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,72883,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,72885,72886,72888,72890,72892],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,72887,715],{"class":135},[59,72889,139],{"class":73},[59,72891,1297],{"class":142},[59,72893,165],{"class":73},[59,72895,72896,72898,72900,72903],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,72897,715],{"class":135},[59,72899,139],{"class":73},[59,72901,72902],{"class":142},"removed_item",[59,72904,165],{"class":73},[20,72906,168],{},[50,72908,72910],{"className":52,"code":72909,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72911,72912,72932],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72913,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72915,3914],{"class":73},[59,72917,1725],{"class":77},[59,72919,588],{"class":81},[59,72921,1725],{"class":77},[59,72923,87],{"class":73},[59,72925,1734],{"class":77},[59,72927,606],{"class":81},[59,72929,1725],{"class":77},[59,72931,107],{"class":73},[59,72933,72934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,72935,70214],{"class":65},[20,72937,201,72938,72940],{},[15,72939,55334],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72942,201,72943,72945],{},[15,72944,12765],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72947,72948,72949,358],{},"For more detail, see the ",[354,72950,72951],{"href":54884},"Python list pop() method",[45,72953,72955],{"id":72954},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72957,72958,4408,72960,72962],{},[15,72959,55334],{},[15,72961,27015],{}," are also different.",[29,72964,72965,72970,72975,72980],{},[32,72966,72967,72969],{},[15,72968,55334],{}," deletes by matching value",[32,72971,72972,72974],{},[15,72973,27015],{}," deletes by index or slice",[32,72976,201,72977,72979],{},[15,72978,27015],{}," when you know the position",[32,72981,201,72982,72984],{},[15,72983,55334],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72986,45842,72987,1002],{},[15,72988,27015],{},[50,72990,72992],{"className":52,"code":72991,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72993,72994,73026,73038],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,72997,1251],{"class":65},[59,72999,70],{"class":69},[59,73001,74],{"class":73},[59,73003,78],{"class":77},[59,73005,588],{"class":81},[59,73007,78],{"class":77},[59,73009,87],{"class":73},[59,73011,90],{"class":77},[59,73013,597],{"class":81},[59,73015,78],{"class":77},[59,73017,87],{"class":73},[59,73019,90],{"class":77},[59,73021,606],{"class":81},[59,73023,78],{"class":77},[59,73025,107],{"class":73},[59,73027,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73029,27015],{"class":120},[59,73031,5972],{"class":65},[59,73033,3914],{"class":73},[59,73035,187],{"class":178},[59,73037,107],{"class":73},[59,73039,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73041,715],{"class":135},[59,73043,139],{"class":73},[59,73045,1297],{"class":142},[59,73047,165],{"class":73},[20,73049,168],{},[50,73051,73052],{"className":52,"code":72797,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,73053,73054],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73055,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73057,3914],{"class":73},[59,73059,1725],{"class":77},[59,73061,588],{"class":81},[59,73063,1725],{"class":77},[59,73065,87],{"class":73},[59,73067,1734],{"class":77},[59,73069,606],{"class":81},[59,73071,1725],{"class":77},[59,73073,107],{"class":73},[20,73075,73076,73077,73079,73080,73082],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73078,187],{},", not the value ",[15,73081,65082],{}," directly.",[20,73084,73085,73086,358],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[354,73087,54873],{"href":54872},[45,73089,1579],{"id":1578},[20,73091,21211,73092,1002],{},[15,73093,55334],{},[29,73095,73096,73099,73104,73111,73120],{},[32,73097,73098],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[32,73100,8456,73101,73103],{},[15,73102,55334],{}," to delete all matching values",[32,73105,12597,73106,73108,73109],{},[15,73107,55334],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73110,3792],{},[32,73112,1599,73113,44431,73115,2896,73117,73119],{},[15,73114,55334],{},[15,73116,12765],{},[15,73118,27015],{}," would be a better fit",[32,73121,73122],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73124,71314],{},[50,73126,73128],{"className":52,"code":73127,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73129,73130,73140,73154,73172,73186],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73131,73132,73134,73136,73138],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73133,715],{"class":135},[59,73135,139],{"class":73},[59,73137,8344],{"class":142},[59,73139,165],{"class":73},[59,73141,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73143,715],{"class":135},[59,73145,139],{"class":73},[59,73147,2464],{"class":142},[59,73149,132],{"class":120},[59,73151,8400],{"class":142},[59,73153,165],{"class":73},[59,73155,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73157,715],{"class":135},[59,73159,139],{"class":73},[59,73161,8344],{"class":142},[59,73163,358],{"class":73},[59,73165,41059],{"class":142},[59,73167,139],{"class":73},[59,73169,1217],{"class":142},[59,73171,710],{"class":73},[59,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,73175,715],{"class":135},[59,73177,139],{"class":73},[59,73179,3239],{"class":697},[59,73181,139],{"class":73},[59,73183,8344],{"class":142},[59,73185,710],{"class":73},[59,73187,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,73189,32141],{"class":135},[59,73191,139],{"class":73},[59,73193,1651],{"class":697},[59,73195,358],{"class":73},[59,73197,34782],{"class":929},[59,73199,165],{"class":73},[20,73201,73202],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[29,73204,73205,73208,73211,73214],{},[32,73206,73207],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[32,73209,73210],{},"How many times does it appear?",[32,73212,73213],{},"Am I working with a list?",[32,73215,73216],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73218,73219,73220,73222],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[354,73221,71478],{"href":58771}," may also help.",[45,73224,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,73226,73228],{"id":73227},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73230,73231],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1127,73233,73235],{"id":73234},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73237,5159,73238,73240],{},[15,73239,3792],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1127,73242,73244],{"id":73243},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73246,73247,73248,73251,73252,358],{},"Check with ",[15,73249,73250],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73253,55334],{},[1127,73255,73257],{"id":73256},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73259,201,73260,73262,73263,73265],{},[15,73261,55334],{}," for a value and ",[15,73264,12765],{}," for an index.",[45,73267,1927],{"id":1926},[29,73269,73270,73274,73278,73282,73286],{},[32,73271,73272],{},[354,73273,55320],{"href":54872},[32,73275,73276],{},[354,73277,72951],{"href":54884},[32,73279,73280],{},[354,73281,71478],{"href":58771},[32,73283,73284],{},[354,73285,65647],{"href":72686},[32,73287,73288],{},[354,73289,73291],{"href":73290},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1953,73293,73294],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":73296},[73297,73298,73299,73300,73301,73302,73303,73304,73305,73306,73312],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":71623,"depth":110,"text":71624},{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439},{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":72076,"depth":110,"text":72077},{"id":65437,"depth":110,"text":65438},{"id":72689,"depth":110,"text":72690},{"id":72954,"depth":110,"text":72955},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":73307},[73308,73309,73310,73311],{"id":73227,"depth":117,"text":73228},{"id":73234,"depth":117,"text":73235},{"id":73243,"depth":117,"text":73244},{"id":73256,"depth":117,"text":73257},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71526,"description":73313},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73320,"title":73321,"body":73322,"description":75213,"extension":1988,"meta":75214,"navigation":113,"path":75215,"seo":75216,"stem":75217,"__hash__":75218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73323,"toc":75183},[73324,73330,73336,73339,73350,73352,73401,73406,73411,73415,73430,73432,73497,73499,73540,73542,73544,73559,73561,73572,73574,73631,73633,73666,73668,73671,73720,73722,73747,73749,73765,73771,73778,73839,73841,73874,73879,73882,73962,73964,74025,74031,74035,74038,74102,74104,74129,74131,74151,74153,74202,74204,74225,74234,74237,74241,74246,74291,74293,74314,74320,74325,74333,74397,74399,74436,74442,74446,74453,74518,74520,74557,74561,74578,74588,74593,74598,74609,74616,74618,74624,74647,74650,74677,74682,74685,74786,74788,74843,74846,74953,74955,75026,75029,75055,75057,75062,75066,75074,75079,75084,75090,75095,75099,75102,75119,75122,75142,75150,75152,75180],[10,73325,54147,73327,11324],{"id":73326},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73328,73329],{},"reverse()",[20,73331,73332,73335],{},[15,73333,73334],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73337,73338],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73340,73341,73342,73344,73345,73349],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73343,73329],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[354,73346,73348],{"href":73347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[45,73351,3624],{"id":3623},[50,73353,73355],{"className":52,"code":73354,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73356,73357,73377,73388],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73358,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73360,664],{"class":65},[59,73362,70],{"class":69},[59,73364,74],{"class":73},[59,73366,187],{"class":178},[59,73368,87],{"class":73},[59,73370,3009],{"class":178},[59,73372,87],{"class":73},[59,73374,2469],{"class":178},[59,73376,107],{"class":73},[59,73378,73379,73381,73383,73386],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73380,707],{"class":65},[59,73382,358],{"class":73},[59,73384,73385],{"class":142},"reverse",[59,73387,8647],{"class":73},[59,73389,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73391,715],{"class":135},[59,73393,139],{"class":73},[59,73395,707],{"class":142},[59,73397,3675],{"class":73},[59,73399,73400],{"class":3678},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73402,73403,73405],{},[15,73404,73329],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[45,73407,208,73409,211],{"id":73408},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73410,73334],{},[20,73412,73413,1002],{},[15,73414,73334],{},[29,73416,73417,73420,73423,73427],{},[32,73418,73419],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[32,73421,73422],{},"Changes the original list directly",[32,73424,11426,73425],{},[15,73426,3792],{},[32,73428,73429],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73431,239],{},[50,73433,73435],{"className":52,"code":73434,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73436,73437,73477,73487],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73438,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73440,425],{"class":65},[59,73442,70],{"class":69},[59,73444,74],{"class":73},[59,73446,78],{"class":77},[59,73448,354],{"class":81},[59,73450,78],{"class":77},[59,73452,87],{"class":73},[59,73454,90],{"class":77},[59,73456,442],{"class":81},[59,73458,78],{"class":77},[59,73460,87],{"class":73},[59,73462,90],{"class":77},[59,73464,451],{"class":81},[59,73466,78],{"class":77},[59,73468,87],{"class":73},[59,73470,90],{"class":77},[59,73472,18766],{"class":81},[59,73474,78],{"class":77},[59,73476,107],{"class":73},[59,73478,73479,73481,73483,73485],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73480,480],{"class":65},[59,73482,358],{"class":73},[59,73484,73385],{"class":142},[59,73486,8647],{"class":73},[59,73488,73489,73491,73493,73495],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73490,715],{"class":135},[59,73492,139],{"class":73},[59,73494,480],{"class":142},[59,73496,165],{"class":73},[20,73498,168],{},[50,73500,73502],{"className":52,"code":73501,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73503,73504],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73505,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73507,3914],{"class":73},[59,73509,1725],{"class":77},[59,73511,18766],{"class":81},[59,73513,1725],{"class":77},[59,73515,87],{"class":73},[59,73517,1734],{"class":77},[59,73519,451],{"class":81},[59,73521,1725],{"class":77},[59,73523,87],{"class":73},[59,73525,1734],{"class":77},[59,73527,442],{"class":81},[59,73529,1725],{"class":77},[59,73531,87],{"class":73},[59,73533,1734],{"class":77},[59,73535,354],{"class":81},[59,73537,1725],{"class":77},[59,73539,107],{"class":73},[45,73541,362],{"id":361},[20,73543,365],{},[50,73545,73547],{"className":52,"code":73546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73548,73549],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73552,8344],{"class":65},[59,73554,358],{"class":73},[59,73556,73385],{"class":142},[59,73558,8647],{"class":73},[20,73560,13054],{},[29,73562,73563,73566,73569],{},[32,73564,73565],{},"No arguments are needed",[32,73567,73568],{},"You call it on an existing list",[32,73570,73571],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73573,239],{},[50,73575,73577],{"className":52,"code":73576,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73578,73579,73611,73621],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73580,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73582,66],{"class":65},[59,73584,70],{"class":69},[59,73586,74],{"class":73},[59,73588,78],{"class":77},[59,73590,82],{"class":81},[59,73592,78],{"class":77},[59,73594,87],{"class":73},[59,73596,90],{"class":77},[59,73598,93],{"class":81},[59,73600,78],{"class":77},[59,73602,87],{"class":73},[59,73604,90],{"class":77},[59,73606,102],{"class":81},[59,73608,78],{"class":77},[59,73610,107],{"class":73},[59,73612,73613,73615,73617,73619],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73614,143],{"class":65},[59,73616,358],{"class":73},[59,73618,73385],{"class":142},[59,73620,8647],{"class":73},[59,73622,73623,73625,73627,73629],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73624,715],{"class":135},[59,73626,139],{"class":73},[59,73628,143],{"class":142},[59,73630,165],{"class":73},[20,73632,168],{},[50,73634,73636],{"className":52,"code":73635,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73637,73638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73641,3914],{"class":73},[59,73643,1725],{"class":77},[59,73645,102],{"class":81},[59,73647,1725],{"class":77},[59,73649,87],{"class":73},[59,73651,1734],{"class":77},[59,73653,93],{"class":81},[59,73655,1725],{"class":77},[59,73657,87],{"class":73},[59,73659,1734],{"class":77},[59,73661,82],{"class":81},[59,73663,1725],{"class":77},[59,73665,107],{"class":73},[45,73667,11478],{"id":11477},[20,73669,73670],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[50,73672,73674],{"className":52,"code":73673,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73675,73676,73700,73710],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73677,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73679,664],{"class":65},[59,73681,70],{"class":69},[59,73683,74],{"class":73},[59,73685,671],{"class":178},[59,73687,87],{"class":73},[59,73689,676],{"class":178},[59,73691,87],{"class":73},[59,73693,681],{"class":178},[59,73695,87],{"class":73},[59,73697,50647],{"class":178},[59,73699,107],{"class":73},[59,73701,73702,73704,73706,73708],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73703,707],{"class":65},[59,73705,358],{"class":73},[59,73707,73385],{"class":142},[59,73709,8647],{"class":73},[59,73711,73712,73714,73716,73718],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73713,715],{"class":135},[59,73715,139],{"class":73},[59,73717,707],{"class":142},[59,73719,165],{"class":73},[20,73721,168],{},[50,73723,73725],{"className":52,"code":73724,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73726,73727],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73728,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73730,3914],{"class":73},[59,73732,56498],{"class":178},[59,73734,87],{"class":73},[59,73736,681],{"class":178},[59,73738,87],{"class":73},[59,73740,676],{"class":178},[59,73742,87],{"class":73},[59,73744,741],{"class":178},[59,73746,107],{"class":73},[20,73748,11687],{},[29,73750,73751,73757,73762],{},[32,73752,73753,73754],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73755,73756],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[32,73758,73759,73761],{},[15,73760,73329],{}," flips the order",[32,73763,73764],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[45,73766,73768,73770],{"id":73767},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73769,73329],{}," changes the original list",[20,73772,73773,73774,73777],{},"This method is ",[549,73775,73776],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[50,73779,73781],{"className":52,"code":73780,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73782,73783,73815,73825,73829],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73784,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73786,579],{"class":65},[59,73788,70],{"class":69},[59,73790,74],{"class":73},[59,73792,78],{"class":77},[59,73794,588],{"class":81},[59,73796,78],{"class":77},[59,73798,87],{"class":73},[59,73800,90],{"class":77},[59,73802,597],{"class":81},[59,73804,78],{"class":77},[59,73806,87],{"class":73},[59,73808,90],{"class":77},[59,73810,4110],{"class":81},[59,73812,78],{"class":77},[59,73814,107],{"class":73},[59,73816,73817,73819,73821,73823],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73818,634],{"class":65},[59,73820,358],{"class":73},[59,73822,73385],{"class":142},[59,73824,8647],{"class":73},[59,73826,73827],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73828,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,73830,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,73832,715],{"class":135},[59,73834,139],{"class":73},[59,73836,634],{"class":142},[59,73838,165],{"class":73},[20,73840,168],{},[50,73842,73844],{"className":52,"code":73843,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73845,73846],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73849,3914],{"class":73},[59,73851,1725],{"class":77},[59,73853,4110],{"class":81},[59,73855,1725],{"class":77},[59,73857,87],{"class":73},[59,73859,1734],{"class":77},[59,73861,597],{"class":81},[59,73863,1725],{"class":77},[59,73865,87],{"class":73},[59,73867,1734],{"class":77},[59,73869,588],{"class":81},[59,73871,1725],{"class":77},[59,73873,107],{"class":73},[20,73875,201,73876,73878],{},[15,73877,73329],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73880,73881],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[50,73883,73885],{"className":52,"code":73884,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73886,73887,73919,73937,73941,73951],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73888,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73890,579],{"class":65},[59,73892,70],{"class":69},[59,73894,74],{"class":73},[59,73896,78],{"class":77},[59,73898,588],{"class":81},[59,73900,78],{"class":77},[59,73902,87],{"class":73},[59,73904,90],{"class":77},[59,73906,597],{"class":81},[59,73908,78],{"class":77},[59,73910,87],{"class":73},[59,73912,90],{"class":77},[59,73914,4110],{"class":81},[59,73916,78],{"class":77},[59,73918,107],{"class":73},[59,73920,73921,73924,73926,73928,73931,73933,73935],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,73922,73923],{"class":65},"reversed_fruits ",[59,73925,70],{"class":69},[59,73927,52656],{"class":65},[59,73929,73930],{"class":73},"[::",[59,73932,2047],{"class":69},[59,73934,187],{"class":178},[59,73936,107],{"class":73},[59,73938,73939],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,73940,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,73944,715],{"class":135},[59,73946,139],{"class":73},[59,73948,634],{"class":142},[59,73950,165],{"class":73},[59,73952,73953,73955,73957,73960],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,73954,715],{"class":135},[59,73956,139],{"class":73},[59,73958,73959],{"class":142},"reversed_fruits",[59,73961,165],{"class":73},[20,73963,168],{},[50,73965,73967],{"className":52,"code":73966,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73968,73969,73997],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,73970,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,73972,3914],{"class":73},[59,73974,1725],{"class":77},[59,73976,588],{"class":81},[59,73978,1725],{"class":77},[59,73980,87],{"class":73},[59,73982,1734],{"class":77},[59,73984,597],{"class":81},[59,73986,1725],{"class":77},[59,73988,87],{"class":73},[59,73990,1734],{"class":77},[59,73992,4110],{"class":81},[59,73994,1725],{"class":77},[59,73996,107],{"class":73},[59,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74000,3914],{"class":73},[59,74002,1725],{"class":77},[59,74004,4110],{"class":81},[59,74006,1725],{"class":77},[59,74008,87],{"class":73},[59,74010,1734],{"class":77},[59,74012,597],{"class":81},[59,74014,1725],{"class":77},[59,74016,87],{"class":73},[59,74018,1734],{"class":77},[59,74020,588],{"class":81},[59,74022,1725],{"class":77},[59,74024,107],{"class":73},[20,74026,74027,74028,358],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[354,74029,74030],{"href":73347},"Python list slicing explained",[45,74032,74034],{"id":74033},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74036,74037],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[50,74039,74041],{"className":52,"code":74040,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74042,74043,74063,74077,74081,74092],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74044,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74046,664],{"class":65},[59,74048,70],{"class":69},[59,74050,74],{"class":73},[59,74052,187],{"class":178},[59,74054,87],{"class":73},[59,74056,3009],{"class":178},[59,74058,87],{"class":73},[59,74060,2469],{"class":178},[59,74062,107],{"class":73},[59,74064,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74066,55695],{"class":65},[59,74068,70],{"class":69},[59,74070,4277],{"class":65},[59,74072,358],{"class":73},[59,74074,73385],{"class":142},[59,74076,8647],{"class":73},[59,74078,74079],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74080,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74082,74083,74085,74087,74090],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74084,715],{"class":135},[59,74086,139],{"class":73},[59,74088,74089],{"class":142},"new_list",[59,74091,165],{"class":73},[59,74093,74094,74096,74098,74100],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,74095,715],{"class":135},[59,74097,139],{"class":73},[59,74099,707],{"class":142},[59,74101,165],{"class":73},[20,74103,168],{},[50,74105,74107],{"className":52,"code":74106,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74108,74109,74113],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74110,74111],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74112,11810],{"class":3867},[59,74114,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74116,3914],{"class":73},[59,74118,950],{"class":178},[59,74120,87],{"class":73},[59,74122,3009],{"class":178},[59,74124,87],{"class":73},[59,74126,5506],{"class":178},[59,74128,107],{"class":73},[20,74130,11902],{},[29,74132,74133,74141,74145],{},[32,74134,74135,74137,74138,74140],{},[15,74136,73329],{}," changes ",[15,74139,707],{}," directly",[32,74142,40705,74143,71647],{},[549,74144,4647],{},[32,74146,53458,74147,41955,74149],{},[15,74148,74089],{},[15,74150,3792],{},[20,74152,61705],{},[50,74154,74156],{"className":52,"code":74155,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74157,74158,74178,74188,74192],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74159,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74161,664],{"class":65},[59,74163,70],{"class":69},[59,74165,74],{"class":73},[59,74167,187],{"class":178},[59,74169,87],{"class":73},[59,74171,3009],{"class":178},[59,74173,87],{"class":73},[59,74175,2469],{"class":178},[59,74177,107],{"class":73},[59,74179,74180,74182,74184,74186],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74181,707],{"class":65},[59,74183,358],{"class":73},[59,74185,73385],{"class":142},[59,74187,8647],{"class":73},[59,74189,74190],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74191,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74195,715],{"class":135},[59,74197,139],{"class":73},[59,74199,707],{"class":142},[59,74201,165],{"class":73},[20,74203,168],{},[50,74205,74207],{"className":52,"code":74206,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74208,74209],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74210,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74212,3914],{"class":73},[59,74214,950],{"class":178},[59,74216,87],{"class":73},[59,74218,3009],{"class":178},[59,74220,87],{"class":73},[59,74222,5506],{"class":178},[59,74224,107],{"class":73},[45,74226,74228,10586,74230,74233],{"id":74227},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74229,73329],{},[15,74231,74232],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74235,74236],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1127,74238,74239],{"id":73385},[15,74240,73329],{},[20,74242,74243,74245],{},[15,74244,73329],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[50,74247,74249],{"className":52,"code":74248,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74250,74251,74271,74281],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74254,664],{"class":65},[59,74256,70],{"class":69},[59,74258,74],{"class":73},[59,74260,950],{"class":178},[59,74262,87],{"class":73},[59,74264,5506],{"class":178},[59,74266,87],{"class":73},[59,74268,3009],{"class":178},[59,74270,107],{"class":73},[59,74272,74273,74275,74277,74279],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74274,707],{"class":65},[59,74276,358],{"class":73},[59,74278,73385],{"class":142},[59,74280,8647],{"class":73},[59,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74284,715],{"class":135},[59,74286,139],{"class":73},[59,74288,707],{"class":142},[59,74290,165],{"class":73},[20,74292,168],{},[50,74294,74296],{"className":52,"code":74295,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74297,74298],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74299,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74301,3914],{"class":73},[59,74303,195],{"class":178},[59,74305,87],{"class":73},[59,74307,5506],{"class":178},[59,74309,87],{"class":73},[59,74311,2469],{"class":178},[59,74313,107],{"class":73},[20,74315,74316,74317,74319],{},"Notice that this is ",[549,74318,4647],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1127,74321,74323],{"id":74322},"sorted",[15,74324,74232],{},[20,74326,74327,74332],{},[354,74328,74330],{"href":74329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74331,74232],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[50,74334,74336],{"className":52,"code":74335,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74337,74338,74358,74373,74377,74387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74339,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74341,664],{"class":65},[59,74343,70],{"class":69},[59,74345,74],{"class":73},[59,74347,950],{"class":178},[59,74349,87],{"class":73},[59,74351,5506],{"class":178},[59,74353,87],{"class":73},[59,74355,3009],{"class":178},[59,74357,107],{"class":73},[59,74359,74360,74362,74364,74367,74369,74371],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74361,692],{"class":65},[59,74363,70],{"class":69},[59,74365,74366],{"class":135}," sorted",[59,74368,139],{"class":73},[59,74370,707],{"class":142},[59,74372,165],{"class":73},[59,74374,74375],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74376,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74378,74379,74381,74383,74385],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74380,715],{"class":135},[59,74382,139],{"class":73},[59,74384,707],{"class":142},[59,74386,165],{"class":73},[59,74388,74389,74391,74393,74395],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,74390,715],{"class":135},[59,74392,139],{"class":73},[59,74394,720],{"class":142},[59,74396,165],{"class":73},[20,74398,168],{},[50,74400,74402],{"className":52,"code":74401,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74403,74404,74420],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74405,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74407,3914],{"class":73},[59,74409,950],{"class":178},[59,74411,87],{"class":73},[59,74413,5506],{"class":178},[59,74415,87],{"class":73},[59,74417,3009],{"class":178},[59,74419,107],{"class":73},[59,74421,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74423,3914],{"class":73},[59,74425,187],{"class":178},[59,74427,87],{"class":73},[59,74429,3009],{"class":178},[59,74431,87],{"class":73},[59,74433,2469],{"class":178},[59,74435,107],{"class":73},[20,74437,74438,74439,358],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74440,74441],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1127,74443,74445],{"id":74444},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74447,74448,74449,74452],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74450,74451],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[50,74454,74456],{"className":52,"code":74455,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74457,74458,74478,74494,74498,74508],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74461,664],{"class":65},[59,74463,70],{"class":69},[59,74465,74],{"class":73},[59,74467,950],{"class":178},[59,74469,87],{"class":73},[59,74471,5506],{"class":178},[59,74473,87],{"class":73},[59,74475,3009],{"class":178},[59,74477,107],{"class":73},[59,74479,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488,74490,74492],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74481,692],{"class":65},[59,74483,70],{"class":69},[59,74485,4277],{"class":65},[59,74487,73930],{"class":73},[59,74489,2047],{"class":69},[59,74491,187],{"class":178},[59,74493,107],{"class":73},[59,74495,74496],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74497,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74499,74500,74502,74504,74506],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74501,715],{"class":135},[59,74503,139],{"class":73},[59,74505,707],{"class":142},[59,74507,165],{"class":73},[59,74509,74510,74512,74514,74516],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,74511,715],{"class":135},[59,74513,139],{"class":73},[59,74515,720],{"class":142},[59,74517,165],{"class":73},[20,74519,168],{},[50,74521,74523],{"className":52,"code":74522,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74524,74525,74541],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74526,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74528,3914],{"class":73},[59,74530,950],{"class":178},[59,74532,87],{"class":73},[59,74534,5506],{"class":178},[59,74536,87],{"class":73},[59,74538,3009],{"class":178},[59,74540,107],{"class":73},[59,74542,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74544,3914],{"class":73},[59,74546,195],{"class":178},[59,74548,87],{"class":73},[59,74550,5506],{"class":178},[59,74552,87],{"class":73},[59,74554,2469],{"class":178},[59,74556,107],{"class":73},[1127,74558,74560],{"id":74559},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[29,74562,74563,74568,74573],{},[32,74564,201,74565,74567],{},[15,74566,73329],{}," when you want to change the original list",[32,74569,201,74570,74572],{},[15,74571,74451],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[32,74574,201,74575,74577],{},[15,74576,74232],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74579,74580,74581,74587],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[354,74582,74584,74585,10742],{"href":74583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74586,64119],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[45,74589,776,74591],{"id":74590},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74592,73329],{},[20,74594,74595,74597],{},[15,74596,73329],{}," is a good choice:",[29,74599,74600,74603,74606],{},[32,74601,74602],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[32,74604,74605],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[32,74607,74608],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74610,74611,74612,358],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[354,74613,74615],{"href":74614},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[45,74617,1579],{"id":1578},[20,74619,74620,74621,74623],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74622,73329],{}," for these reasons:",[29,74625,74626,74630,74635,74640],{},[32,74627,12597,74628,12600],{},[15,74629,73329],{},[32,74631,8456,74632,74634],{},[15,74633,73329],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[32,74636,1599,74637,74639],{},[15,74638,73329],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[32,74641,1605,74642,1608,74644],{},[15,74643,73329],{},[15,74645,74646],{},"reversed()",[20,74648,74649],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[50,74651,74653],{"className":52,"code":74652,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74654,74655,74667],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74656,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74658,34675],{"class":65},[59,74660,70],{"class":69},[59,74662,90],{"class":77},[59,74664,3860],{"class":81},[59,74666,3374],{"class":77},[59,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74670,34696],{"class":65},[59,74672,358],{"class":73},[59,74674,73385],{"class":142},[59,74676,8647],{"class":73},[20,74678,74679,74680,33588],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74681,73329],{},[20,74683,74684],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[50,74686,74688],{"className":52,"code":74687,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74689,74690,74710,74714,74724,74738,74742,74756,74766,74770],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74691,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706,74708],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74693,8313],{"class":65},[59,74695,70],{"class":69},[59,74697,74],{"class":73},[59,74699,187],{"class":178},[59,74701,87],{"class":73},[59,74703,3009],{"class":178},[59,74705,87],{"class":73},[59,74707,2469],{"class":178},[59,74709,107],{"class":73},[59,74711,74712],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74713,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74715,74716,74718,74720,74722],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74717,715],{"class":135},[59,74719,139],{"class":73},[59,74721,8344],{"class":142},[59,74723,165],{"class":73},[59,74725,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74727,715],{"class":135},[59,74729,139],{"class":73},[59,74731,3239],{"class":697},[59,74733,139],{"class":73},[59,74735,8344],{"class":142},[59,74737,710],{"class":73},[59,74739,74740],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,74741,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74743,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,74745,692],{"class":65},[59,74747,70],{"class":69},[59,74749,8400],{"class":65},[59,74751,358],{"class":73},[59,74753,73385],{"class":142},[59,74755,8647],{"class":73},[59,74757,74758,74760,74762,74764],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,74759,715],{"class":135},[59,74761,139],{"class":73},[59,74763,720],{"class":142},[59,74765,165],{"class":73},[59,74767,74768],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,74769,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,74773,715],{"class":135},[59,74775,139],{"class":73},[59,74777,8344],{"class":142},[59,74779,73930],{"class":73},[59,74781,2047],{"class":69},[59,74783,187],{"class":178},[59,74785,3902],{"class":73},[20,74787,168],{},[50,74789,74791],{"className":52,"code":74790,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74792,74793,74809,74823,74827],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74794,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74796,3914],{"class":73},[59,74798,187],{"class":178},[59,74800,87],{"class":73},[59,74802,3009],{"class":178},[59,74804,87],{"class":73},[59,74806,2469],{"class":178},[59,74808,107],{"class":73},[59,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74812,1769],{"class":69},[59,74814,3310],{"class":887},[59,74816,1734],{"class":77},[59,74818,1651],{"class":81},[59,74820,1725],{"class":77},[59,74822,1788],{"class":69},[59,74824,74825],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74826,11810],{"class":3867},[59,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74830,3914],{"class":73},[59,74832,187],{"class":178},[59,74834,87],{"class":73},[59,74836,3009],{"class":178},[59,74838,87],{"class":73},[59,74840,5506],{"class":178},[59,74842,107],{"class":73},[20,74844,74845],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[50,74847,74849],{"className":52,"code":74848,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74850,74851,74871,74875,74885,74899,74903,74917,74927,74937],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74852,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74854,8313],{"class":65},[59,74856,70],{"class":69},[59,74858,74],{"class":73},[59,74860,187],{"class":178},[59,74862,87],{"class":73},[59,74864,3009],{"class":178},[59,74866,87],{"class":73},[59,74868,2469],{"class":178},[59,74870,107],{"class":73},[59,74872,74873],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74874,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74876,74877,74879,74881,74883],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74878,715],{"class":135},[59,74880,139],{"class":73},[59,74882,8344],{"class":142},[59,74884,165],{"class":73},[59,74886,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74888,715],{"class":135},[59,74890,139],{"class":73},[59,74892,3239],{"class":697},[59,74894,139],{"class":73},[59,74896,8344],{"class":142},[59,74898,710],{"class":73},[59,74900,74901],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,74902,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,74904,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,74906,692],{"class":65},[59,74908,70],{"class":69},[59,74910,8400],{"class":65},[59,74912,358],{"class":73},[59,74914,73385],{"class":142},[59,74916,8647],{"class":73},[59,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,74920,715],{"class":135},[59,74922,139],{"class":73},[59,74924,720],{"class":142},[59,74926,165],{"class":73},[59,74928,74929,74931,74933,74935],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,74930,715],{"class":135},[59,74932,139],{"class":73},[59,74934,8344],{"class":142},[59,74936,165],{"class":73},[59,74938,74939,74941,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,74940,715],{"class":135},[59,74942,139],{"class":73},[59,74944,8344],{"class":142},[59,74946,73930],{"class":73},[59,74948,2047],{"class":69},[59,74950,187],{"class":178},[59,74952,3902],{"class":73},[20,74954,168],{},[50,74956,74958],{"className":52,"code":74957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74959,74960,74976,74990,74994,75010],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,74961,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,74963,3914],{"class":73},[59,74965,187],{"class":178},[59,74967,87],{"class":73},[59,74969,3009],{"class":178},[59,74971,87],{"class":73},[59,74973,2469],{"class":178},[59,74975,107],{"class":73},[59,74977,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,74979,1769],{"class":69},[59,74981,3310],{"class":887},[59,74983,1734],{"class":77},[59,74985,1651],{"class":81},[59,74987,1725],{"class":77},[59,74989,1788],{"class":69},[59,74991,74992],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,74993,11810],{"class":3867},[59,74995,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,74997,3914],{"class":73},[59,74999,950],{"class":178},[59,75001,87],{"class":73},[59,75003,3009],{"class":178},[59,75005,87],{"class":73},[59,75007,5506],{"class":178},[59,75009,107],{"class":73},[59,75011,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,75013,3914],{"class":73},[59,75015,187],{"class":178},[59,75017,87],{"class":73},[59,75019,3009],{"class":178},[59,75021,87],{"class":73},[59,75023,2469],{"class":178},[59,75025,107],{"class":73},[20,75027,75028],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[29,75030,75031,75040,75049],{},[32,75032,27786,75033,75036,75037],{},[15,75034,75035],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75038,75039],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[32,75041,11918,75042,75045,75046,698],{},[15,75043,75044],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[549,75047,75048],{},"current",[32,75050,75051,75052],{},"So it prints ",[15,75053,75054],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[45,75056,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,75058,1882,75060,55274],{"id":75059},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75061,73334],{},[20,75063,62410,75064,358],{},[15,75065,3792],{},[1127,75067,34193,75069,34196,75071,1905],{"id":75068},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75070,73329],{},[15,75072,75073],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75075,75076,75078],{},[15,75077,73329],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75080,75081,75083],{},[15,75082,75073],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1127,75085,28318,75087,75089],{"id":75086},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75088,73329],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75091,46167,75092,75094],{},[15,75093,73329],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1127,75096,75098],{"id":75097},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75100,75101],{},"Use slicing:",[50,75103,75105],{"className":52,"code":75104,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75106,75107],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75108,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75110,8344],{"class":65},[59,75112,73930],{"class":73},[59,75114,2047],{"class":69},[59,75116,187],{"class":178},[59,75118,107],{"class":73},[20,75120,75121],{},"Or use:",[50,75123,75125],{"className":52,"code":75124,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75126,75127],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75128,75129,75131,75133,75136,75138,75140],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75130,1651],{"class":697},[59,75132,139],{"class":73},[59,75134,75135],{"class":135},"reversed",[59,75137,139],{"class":73},[59,75139,8344],{"class":142},[59,75141,710],{"class":73},[20,75143,75144,75145,75149],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[354,75146,55325,75147],{"href":54765},[15,75148,12779],{}," can also help.",[45,75151,1927],{"id":1926},[29,75153,75154,75160,75166,75170,75174],{},[32,75155,75156],{},[354,75157,55325,75158,10742],{"href":74583},[15,75159,64119],{},[32,75161,75162],{},[354,75163,13,75164,536],{"href":74329},[15,75165,74232],{},[32,75167,75168],{},[354,75169,74615],{"href":74614},[32,75171,75172],{},[354,75173,74030],{"href":73347},[32,75175,75176],{},[354,75177,55325,75178,10742],{"href":54765},[15,75179,12779],{},[1953,75181,75182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":75184},[75185,75186,75188,75189,75190,75192,75193,75200,75202,75203,75212],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":73408,"depth":110,"text":75187},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":73767,"depth":110,"text":75191},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74033,"depth":110,"text":74034},{"id":74227,"depth":110,"text":75194,"children":75195},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75196,75197,75198,75199],{"id":73385,"depth":117,"text":73329},{"id":74322,"depth":117,"text":74232},{"id":74444,"depth":117,"text":74445},{"id":74559,"depth":117,"text":74560},{"id":74590,"depth":110,"text":75201},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":75204},[75205,75207,75209,75211],{"id":75059,"depth":117,"text":75206},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75068,"depth":117,"text":75208},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75086,"depth":117,"text":75210},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75097,"depth":117,"text":75098},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73321,"description":75213},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75220,"title":75221,"body":75222,"description":77655,"extension":1988,"meta":77656,"navigation":113,"path":77657,"seo":77658,"stem":77659,"__hash__":77660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75223,"toc":77623},[75224,75227,75239,75242,75265,75273,75275,75387,75396,75400,75403,75406,75493,75495,75528,75530,75553,75559,75563,75566,75588,75590,75607,75610,75630,75632,75742,75744,75821,75825,75828,75871,75873,76006,76008,76110,76115,76119,76122,76124,76138,76141,76255,76257,76331,76333,76361,76365,76370,76400,76403,76529,76531,76613,76619,76623,76625,76664,76673,76677,76680,76684,76731,76733,76741,76745,76796,76798,76811,76813,76827,76830,76838,76840,76887,76889,76897,76900,76943,76948,76951,76954,76977,76981,77032,77035,77056,77066,77070,77072,77102,77105,77128,77132,77135,77202,77204,77241,77244,77252,77319,77321,77358,77364,77371,77375,77378,77408,77413,77417,77420,77444,77447,77541,77551,77553,77557,77560,77564,77567,77572,77575,77581,77584,77586,77614,77620],[10,75225,75221],{"id":75226},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75228,75229,75230,1208,75232,17072,75235,75238],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75231,407],{},[15,75233,75234],{},"stop",[15,75236,75237],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75240,75241],{},"The basic slice form is:",[50,75243,75245],{"className":52,"code":75244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75246,75247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75248,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75250,8344],{"class":65},[59,75252,3914],{"class":73},[59,75254,407],{"class":65},[59,75256,1002],{"class":73},[59,75258,75234],{"class":65},[59,75260,1002],{"class":73},[59,75262,75237],{"class":65},[59,75264,107],{"class":73},[20,75266,75267,75268,75270,75271,358],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75269,75234],{}," position is ",[549,75272,64877],{},[45,75274,48],{"id":47},[50,75276,75278],{"className":52,"code":75277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75279,75280,75308,75312,75333,75351,75368],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75281,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75283,664],{"class":65},[59,75285,70],{"class":69},[59,75287,74],{"class":73},[59,75289,671],{"class":178},[59,75291,87],{"class":73},[59,75293,676],{"class":178},[59,75295,87],{"class":73},[59,75297,681],{"class":178},[59,75299,87],{"class":73},[59,75301,50647],{"class":178},[59,75303,87],{"class":73},[59,75305,5094],{"class":178},[59,75307,107],{"class":73},[59,75309,75310],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,75311,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,75313,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,75315,715],{"class":135},[59,75317,139],{"class":73},[59,75319,707],{"class":142},[59,75321,3914],{"class":73},[59,75323,187],{"class":178},[59,75325,1002],{"class":73},[59,75327,2522],{"class":178},[59,75329,20445],{"class":73},[59,75331,75332],{"class":3678},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[59,75334,75335,75337,75339,75341,75344,75346,75348],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,75336,715],{"class":135},[59,75338,139],{"class":73},[59,75340,707],{"class":142},[59,75342,75343],{"class":73},"[:",[59,75345,950],{"class":178},[59,75347,20445],{"class":73},[59,75349,75350],{"class":3678},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[59,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,75354,715],{"class":135},[59,75356,139],{"class":73},[59,75358,707],{"class":142},[59,75360,73930],{"class":73},[59,75362,195],{"class":178},[59,75364,20445],{"class":73},[59,75366,75367],{"class":3678},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[59,75369,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,75371,715],{"class":135},[59,75373,139],{"class":73},[59,75375,707],{"class":142},[59,75377,73930],{"class":73},[59,75379,2047],{"class":69},[59,75381,187],{"class":178},[59,75383,20445],{"class":73},[59,75385,75386],{"class":3678},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75388,201,75389,75392,75393,75395],{},[15,75390,75391],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75394,75234],{}," value is not included.",[45,75397,75399],{"id":75398},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75401,75402],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75404,75405],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[50,75407,75409],{"className":52,"code":75408,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75410,75411,75459,75463,75482],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75412,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75414,425],{"class":65},[59,75416,70],{"class":69},[59,75418,74],{"class":73},[59,75420,78],{"class":77},[59,75422,354],{"class":81},[59,75424,78],{"class":77},[59,75426,87],{"class":73},[59,75428,90],{"class":77},[59,75430,442],{"class":81},[59,75432,78],{"class":77},[59,75434,87],{"class":73},[59,75436,90],{"class":77},[59,75438,451],{"class":81},[59,75440,78],{"class":77},[59,75442,87],{"class":73},[59,75444,90],{"class":77},[59,75446,18766],{"class":81},[59,75448,78],{"class":77},[59,75450,87],{"class":73},[59,75452,90],{"class":77},[59,75454,60254],{"class":81},[59,75456,78],{"class":77},[59,75458,107],{"class":73},[59,75460,75461],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,75462,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,75464,75465,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,75466,75467],{"class":65},"part ",[59,75469,70],{"class":69},[59,75471,69904],{"class":65},[59,75473,3914],{"class":73},[59,75475,187],{"class":178},[59,75477,1002],{"class":73},[59,75479,2522],{"class":178},[59,75481,107],{"class":73},[59,75483,75484,75486,75488,75491],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,75485,715],{"class":135},[59,75487,139],{"class":73},[59,75489,75490],{"class":142},"part",[59,75492,165],{"class":73},[20,75494,168],{},[50,75496,75498],{"className":52,"code":75497,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75499,75500],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75501,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75503,3914],{"class":73},[59,75505,1725],{"class":77},[59,75507,442],{"class":81},[59,75509,1725],{"class":77},[59,75511,87],{"class":73},[59,75513,1734],{"class":77},[59,75515,451],{"class":81},[59,75517,1725],{"class":77},[59,75519,87],{"class":73},[59,75521,1734],{"class":77},[59,75523,18766],{"class":81},[59,75525,1725],{"class":77},[59,75527,107],{"class":73},[20,75529,13054],{},[29,75531,75532,75535,75538,75544,75550],{},[32,75533,75534],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[32,75536,75537],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[32,75539,75540,75541],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75542,75543],{},"list[start:stop]",[32,75545,75546,75547,75549],{},"The item at ",[15,75548,75234],{}," is not included",[32,75551,75552],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75554,75555,75556,358],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[354,75557,75558],{"href":50783},"beginner guide to Python lists",[45,75560,75562],{"id":75561},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75564,75565],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[50,75567,75568],{"className":52,"code":75244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,75569,75570],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75571,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75573,8344],{"class":65},[59,75575,3914],{"class":73},[59,75577,407],{"class":65},[59,75579,1002],{"class":73},[59,75581,75234],{"class":65},[59,75583,1002],{"class":73},[59,75585,75237],{"class":65},[59,75587,107],{"class":73},[20,75589,64853],{},[29,75591,75592,75597,75602],{},[32,75593,75594,75596],{},[15,75595,407],{}," is where slicing begins",[32,75598,75599,75601],{},[15,75600,75234],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[32,75603,75604,75606],{},[15,75605,75237],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75608,75609],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[29,75611,75612,75618,75623],{},[32,75613,75614,75615,75617],{},"Missing ",[15,75616,407],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[32,75619,75614,75620,75622],{},[15,75621,75234],{}," means go to the end of the list",[32,75624,75614,75625,75627,75628],{},[15,75626,75237],{}," means use ",[15,75629,187],{},[20,75631,239],{},[50,75633,75635],{"className":52,"code":75634,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75636,75637,75665,75669,75690,75707,75725],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75638,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75640,664],{"class":65},[59,75642,70],{"class":69},[59,75644,74],{"class":73},[59,75646,671],{"class":178},[59,75648,87],{"class":73},[59,75650,676],{"class":178},[59,75652,87],{"class":73},[59,75654,681],{"class":178},[59,75656,87],{"class":73},[59,75658,50647],{"class":178},[59,75660,87],{"class":73},[59,75662,5094],{"class":178},[59,75664,107],{"class":73},[59,75666,75667],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,75668,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,75670,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,75672,715],{"class":135},[59,75674,139],{"class":73},[59,75676,707],{"class":142},[59,75678,3914],{"class":73},[59,75680,187],{"class":178},[59,75682,1002],{"class":73},[59,75684,2522],{"class":178},[59,75686,20445],{"class":73},[59,75688,75689],{"class":3678},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[59,75691,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,75693,715],{"class":135},[59,75695,139],{"class":73},[59,75697,707],{"class":142},[59,75699,75343],{"class":73},[59,75701,950],{"class":178},[59,75703,20445],{"class":73},[59,75705,75706],{"class":3678},"    # start from the beginning\n",[59,75708,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75722],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,75710,715],{"class":135},[59,75712,139],{"class":73},[59,75714,707],{"class":142},[59,75716,3914],{"class":73},[59,75718,195],{"class":178},[59,75720,75721],{"class":73},":])",[59,75723,75724],{"class":3678},"    # go to the end\n",[59,75726,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,75728,715],{"class":135},[59,75730,139],{"class":73},[59,75732,707],{"class":142},[59,75734,73930],{"class":73},[59,75736,187],{"class":178},[59,75738,20445],{"class":73},[59,75740,75741],{"class":3678},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75743,168],{},[50,75745,75747],{"className":52,"code":75746,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75748,75749,75765,75781,75797],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75752,3914],{"class":73},[59,75754,1222],{"class":178},[59,75756,87],{"class":73},[59,75758,681],{"class":178},[59,75760,87],{"class":73},[59,75762,50647],{"class":178},[59,75764,107],{"class":73},[59,75766,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,75768,3914],{"class":73},[59,75770,671],{"class":178},[59,75772,87],{"class":73},[59,75774,676],{"class":178},[59,75776,87],{"class":73},[59,75778,681],{"class":178},[59,75780,107],{"class":73},[59,75782,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,75784,3914],{"class":73},[59,75786,1225],{"class":178},[59,75788,87],{"class":73},[59,75790,50647],{"class":178},[59,75792,87],{"class":73},[59,75794,5094],{"class":178},[59,75796,107],{"class":73},[59,75798,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,75800,3914],{"class":73},[59,75802,671],{"class":178},[59,75804,87],{"class":73},[59,75806,676],{"class":178},[59,75808,87],{"class":73},[59,75810,681],{"class":178},[59,75812,87],{"class":73},[59,75814,50647],{"class":178},[59,75816,87],{"class":73},[59,75818,5094],{"class":178},[59,75820,107],{"class":73},[45,75822,75824],{"id":75823},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75826,75827],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[29,75829,75830,75839,75848,75859,75865],{},[32,75831,75832,75835,75836,5972],{},[15,75833,75834],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75837,75838],{},"n",[32,75840,75841,75844,75845,75847],{},[15,75842,75843],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75846,75838],{}," to the end",[32,75849,75850,75853,75854,75856,75857],{},[15,75851,75852],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75855,354],{}," up to ",[15,75858,442],{},[32,75860,75861,75864],{},[15,75862,75863],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[32,75866,75867,75870],{},[15,75868,75869],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75872,239],{},[50,75874,75876],{"className":52,"code":75875,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75877,75878,75911,75915,75932,75949,75970,75987],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,75879,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75909],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,75881,664],{"class":65},[59,75883,70],{"class":69},[59,75885,74],{"class":73},[59,75887,671],{"class":178},[59,75889,87],{"class":73},[59,75891,676],{"class":178},[59,75893,87],{"class":73},[59,75895,681],{"class":178},[59,75897,87],{"class":73},[59,75899,50647],{"class":178},[59,75901,87],{"class":73},[59,75903,5094],{"class":178},[59,75905,87],{"class":73},[59,75907,75908],{"class":178}," 60",[59,75910,107],{"class":73},[59,75912,75913],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,75914,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,75916,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,75918,715],{"class":135},[59,75920,139],{"class":73},[59,75922,707],{"class":142},[59,75924,75343],{"class":73},[59,75926,950],{"class":178},[59,75928,20445],{"class":73},[59,75930,75931],{"class":3678},"    # first 3 items\n",[59,75933,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,75935,715],{"class":135},[59,75937,139],{"class":73},[59,75939,707],{"class":142},[59,75941,3914],{"class":73},[59,75943,950],{"class":178},[59,75945,75721],{"class":73},[59,75947,75948],{"class":3678},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[59,75950,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,75952,715],{"class":135},[59,75954,139],{"class":73},[59,75956,707],{"class":142},[59,75958,3914],{"class":73},[59,75960,187],{"class":178},[59,75962,1002],{"class":73},[59,75964,2159],{"class":178},[59,75966,20445],{"class":73},[59,75968,75969],{"class":3678},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[59,75971,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,75973,715],{"class":135},[59,75975,139],{"class":73},[59,75977,707],{"class":142},[59,75979,73930],{"class":73},[59,75981,195],{"class":178},[59,75983,20445],{"class":73},[59,75985,75986],{"class":3678},"   # every second item\n",[59,75988,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,75990,715],{"class":135},[59,75992,139],{"class":73},[59,75994,707],{"class":142},[59,75996,73930],{"class":73},[59,75998,2047],{"class":69},[59,76000,187],{"class":178},[59,76002,20445],{"class":73},[59,76004,76005],{"class":3678},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76007,168],{},[50,76009,76011],{"className":52,"code":76010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76012,76013,76029,76045,76065,76081],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76014,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76016,3914],{"class":73},[59,76018,671],{"class":178},[59,76020,87],{"class":73},[59,76022,676],{"class":178},[59,76024,87],{"class":73},[59,76026,681],{"class":178},[59,76028,107],{"class":73},[59,76030,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76032,3914],{"class":73},[59,76034,56498],{"class":178},[59,76036,87],{"class":73},[59,76038,5094],{"class":178},[59,76040,87],{"class":73},[59,76042,75908],{"class":178},[59,76044,107],{"class":73},[59,76046,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76048,3914],{"class":73},[59,76050,1222],{"class":178},[59,76052,87],{"class":73},[59,76054,681],{"class":178},[59,76056,87],{"class":73},[59,76058,50647],{"class":178},[59,76060,87],{"class":73},[59,76062,5094],{"class":178},[59,76064,107],{"class":73},[59,76066,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,76068,3914],{"class":73},[59,76070,671],{"class":178},[59,76072,87],{"class":73},[59,76074,681],{"class":178},[59,76076,87],{"class":73},[59,76078,5094],{"class":178},[59,76080,107],{"class":73},[59,76082,76083,76085,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,76084,3914],{"class":73},[59,76086,76087],{"class":178},"60",[59,76089,87],{"class":73},[59,76091,5094],{"class":178},[59,76093,87],{"class":73},[59,76095,50647],{"class":178},[59,76097,87],{"class":73},[59,76099,681],{"class":178},[59,76101,87],{"class":73},[59,76103,676],{"class":178},[59,76105,87],{"class":73},[59,76107,741],{"class":178},[59,76109,107],{"class":73},[20,76111,76112,76113,358],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[354,76114,14888],{"href":57025},[45,76116,76118],{"id":76117},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76120,76121],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76123,5480],{},[29,76125,76126,76132],{},[32,76127,76128,76131],{},[15,76129,76130],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[32,76133,76134,76137],{},[15,76135,76136],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76139,76140],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[50,76142,76144],{"className":52,"code":76143,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76145,76146,76194,76198,76217,76236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76147,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76149,425],{"class":65},[59,76151,70],{"class":69},[59,76153,74],{"class":73},[59,76155,78],{"class":77},[59,76157,354],{"class":81},[59,76159,78],{"class":77},[59,76161,87],{"class":73},[59,76163,90],{"class":77},[59,76165,442],{"class":81},[59,76167,78],{"class":77},[59,76169,87],{"class":73},[59,76171,90],{"class":77},[59,76173,451],{"class":81},[59,76175,78],{"class":77},[59,76177,87],{"class":73},[59,76179,90],{"class":77},[59,76181,18766],{"class":81},[59,76183,78],{"class":77},[59,76185,87],{"class":73},[59,76187,90],{"class":77},[59,76189,60254],{"class":81},[59,76191,78],{"class":77},[59,76193,107],{"class":73},[59,76195,76196],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76197,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76199,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76201,715],{"class":135},[59,76203,139],{"class":73},[59,76205,480],{"class":142},[59,76207,3914],{"class":73},[59,76209,2047],{"class":69},[59,76211,187],{"class":178},[59,76213,20445],{"class":73},[59,76215,76216],{"class":3678},"    # last item\n",[59,76218,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,76220,715],{"class":135},[59,76222,139],{"class":73},[59,76224,480],{"class":142},[59,76226,3914],{"class":73},[59,76228,2047],{"class":69},[59,76230,950],{"class":178},[59,76232,75721],{"class":73},[59,76234,76235],{"class":3678},"   # last 3 items\n",[59,76237,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,76239,715],{"class":135},[59,76241,139],{"class":73},[59,76243,480],{"class":142},[59,76245,75343],{"class":73},[59,76247,2047],{"class":69},[59,76249,187],{"class":178},[59,76251,20445],{"class":73},[59,76253,76254],{"class":3678},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76256,168],{},[50,76258,76260],{"className":52,"code":76259,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76261,76262,76267,76295],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76263,76264],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76265,76266],{"class":65},"e\n",[59,76268,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76270,3914],{"class":73},[59,76272,1725],{"class":77},[59,76274,451],{"class":81},[59,76276,1725],{"class":77},[59,76278,87],{"class":73},[59,76280,1734],{"class":77},[59,76282,18766],{"class":81},[59,76284,1725],{"class":77},[59,76286,87],{"class":73},[59,76288,1734],{"class":77},[59,76290,60254],{"class":81},[59,76292,1725],{"class":77},[59,76294,107],{"class":73},[59,76296,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76298,3914],{"class":73},[59,76300,1725],{"class":77},[59,76302,354],{"class":81},[59,76304,1725],{"class":77},[59,76306,87],{"class":73},[59,76308,1734],{"class":77},[59,76310,442],{"class":81},[59,76312,1725],{"class":77},[59,76314,87],{"class":73},[59,76316,1734],{"class":77},[59,76318,451],{"class":81},[59,76320,1725],{"class":77},[59,76322,87],{"class":73},[59,76324,1734],{"class":77},[59,76326,18766],{"class":81},[59,76328,1725],{"class":77},[59,76330,107],{"class":73},[20,76332,13054],{},[29,76334,76335,76338,76342,76348,76354],{},[32,76336,76337],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[32,76339,76340,76131],{},[15,76341,76130],{},[32,76343,76344,76347],{},[15,76345,76346],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[32,76349,76350,76353],{},[15,76351,76352],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[32,76355,76356,76357,4408,76359],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76358,407],{},[15,76360,75234],{},[45,76362,76364],{"id":76363},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76366,2005,76367,76369],{},[15,76368,75237],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[29,76371,76372,76375,76378,76383,76393],{},[32,76373,76374],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[32,76376,76377],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[32,76379,76380,76382],{},[15,76381,75869],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[32,76384,8879,76385,76387,76388,76390,76391],{},[15,76386,75237],{}," is negative, ",[15,76389,407],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76392,75234],{},[32,76394,76395,76397,76398],{},[15,76396,75237],{}," cannot be ",[15,76399,179],{},[20,76401,76402],{},"Example with different step values:",[50,76404,76406],{"className":52,"code":76405,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76407,76408,76440,76444,76461,76483,76502],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76409,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76411,664],{"class":65},[59,76413,70],{"class":69},[59,76415,74],{"class":73},[59,76417,671],{"class":178},[59,76419,87],{"class":73},[59,76421,676],{"class":178},[59,76423,87],{"class":73},[59,76425,681],{"class":178},[59,76427,87],{"class":73},[59,76429,50647],{"class":178},[59,76431,87],{"class":73},[59,76433,5094],{"class":178},[59,76435,87],{"class":73},[59,76437,75908],{"class":178},[59,76439,107],{"class":73},[59,76441,76442],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76443,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76445,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76447,715],{"class":135},[59,76449,139],{"class":73},[59,76451,707],{"class":142},[59,76453,73930],{"class":73},[59,76455,195],{"class":178},[59,76457,20445],{"class":73},[59,76459,76460],{"class":3678},"     # every second item\n",[59,76462,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76476,76478,76480],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,76464,715],{"class":135},[59,76466,139],{"class":73},[59,76468,707],{"class":142},[59,76470,3914],{"class":73},[59,76472,187],{"class":178},[59,76474,76475],{"class":73},"::",[59,76477,195],{"class":178},[59,76479,20445],{"class":73},[59,76481,76482],{"class":3678},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[59,76484,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,76486,715],{"class":135},[59,76488,139],{"class":73},[59,76490,707],{"class":142},[59,76492,73930],{"class":73},[59,76494,2047],{"class":69},[59,76496,187],{"class":178},[59,76498,20445],{"class":73},[59,76500,76501],{"class":3678},"    # reverse the list\n",[59,76503,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,76505,715],{"class":135},[59,76507,139],{"class":73},[59,76509,707],{"class":142},[59,76511,3914],{"class":73},[59,76513,2522],{"class":178},[59,76515,1002],{"class":73},[59,76517,187],{"class":178},[59,76519,1002],{"class":73},[59,76521,2047],{"class":69},[59,76523,187],{"class":178},[59,76525,20445],{"class":73},[59,76527,76528],{"class":3678},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76530,168],{},[50,76532,76534],{"className":52,"code":76533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76535,76536,76552,76568,76596],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76537,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76539,3914],{"class":73},[59,76541,671],{"class":178},[59,76543,87],{"class":73},[59,76545,681],{"class":178},[59,76547,87],{"class":73},[59,76549,5094],{"class":178},[59,76551,107],{"class":73},[59,76553,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76555,3914],{"class":73},[59,76557,1222],{"class":178},[59,76559,87],{"class":73},[59,76561,50647],{"class":178},[59,76563,87],{"class":73},[59,76565,75908],{"class":178},[59,76567,107],{"class":73},[59,76569,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76571,3914],{"class":73},[59,76573,76087],{"class":178},[59,76575,87],{"class":73},[59,76577,5094],{"class":178},[59,76579,87],{"class":73},[59,76581,50647],{"class":178},[59,76583,87],{"class":73},[59,76585,681],{"class":178},[59,76587,87],{"class":73},[59,76589,676],{"class":178},[59,76591,87],{"class":73},[59,76593,741],{"class":178},[59,76595,107],{"class":73},[59,76597,76598,76600,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,76599,3914],{"class":73},[59,76601,76602],{"class":178},"50",[59,76604,87],{"class":73},[59,76606,50647],{"class":178},[59,76608,87],{"class":73},[59,76610,681],{"class":178},[59,76612,107],{"class":73},[20,76614,76615,76616,358],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[354,76617,76618],{"href":74614},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1127,76620,76622],{"id":76621},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76624,2854],{},[50,76626,76628],{"className":52,"code":76627,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76629,76630,76650],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76631,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76633,664],{"class":65},[59,76635,70],{"class":69},[59,76637,74],{"class":73},[59,76639,187],{"class":178},[59,76641,87],{"class":73},[59,76643,3009],{"class":178},[59,76645,87],{"class":73},[59,76647,2469],{"class":178},[59,76649,107],{"class":73},[59,76651,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76653,715],{"class":135},[59,76655,139],{"class":73},[59,76657,707],{"class":142},[59,76659,73930],{"class":73},[59,76661,179],{"class":178},[59,76663,3902],{"class":73},[20,76665,76666,76667,76669,76670,76672],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76668,40503],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76671,179],{}," does not make sense.",[45,76674,76676],{"id":76675},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76678,76679],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1127,76681,76683],{"id":76682},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[50,76685,76687],{"className":52,"code":76686,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76688,76689,76713,76717],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76690,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76692,664],{"class":65},[59,76694,70],{"class":69},[59,76696,74],{"class":73},[59,76698,671],{"class":178},[59,76700,87],{"class":73},[59,76702,676],{"class":178},[59,76704,87],{"class":73},[59,76706,681],{"class":178},[59,76708,87],{"class":73},[59,76710,50647],{"class":178},[59,76712,107],{"class":73},[59,76714,76715],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76716,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76718,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76720,715],{"class":135},[59,76722,139],{"class":73},[59,76724,707],{"class":142},[59,76726,3914],{"class":73},[59,76728,195],{"class":178},[59,76730,3902],{"class":73},[20,76732,168],{},[50,76734,76735],{"className":52,"code":69648,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,76736,76737],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76738,76739],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76740,69648],{"class":178},[1127,76742,76744],{"id":76743},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[50,76746,76748],{"className":52,"code":76747,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76749,76750,76774,76778],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76751,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76753,664],{"class":65},[59,76755,70],{"class":69},[59,76757,74],{"class":73},[59,76759,671],{"class":178},[59,76761,87],{"class":73},[59,76763,676],{"class":178},[59,76765,87],{"class":73},[59,76767,681],{"class":178},[59,76769,87],{"class":73},[59,76771,50647],{"class":178},[59,76773,107],{"class":73},[59,76775,76776],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76777,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76779,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76781,715],{"class":135},[59,76783,139],{"class":73},[59,76785,707],{"class":142},[59,76787,3914],{"class":73},[59,76789,195],{"class":178},[59,76791,1002],{"class":73},[59,76793,950],{"class":178},[59,76795,3902],{"class":73},[20,76797,168],{},[50,76799,76801],{"className":52,"code":76800,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[30]\n",[15,76802,76803],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76804,76805,76807,76809],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76806,3914],{"class":73},[59,76808,1225],{"class":178},[59,76810,107],{"class":73},[20,76812,13762],{},[29,76814,76815,76821],{},[32,76816,76817,76820],{},[15,76818,76819],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[32,76822,76823,76826],{},[15,76824,76825],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76828,76829],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[29,76831,76832,76835],{},[32,76833,76834],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[32,76836,76837],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76839,239],{},[50,76841,76843],{"className":52,"code":76842,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76844,76845,76865,76869],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76846,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76848,664],{"class":65},[59,76850,70],{"class":69},[59,76852,74],{"class":73},[59,76854,671],{"class":178},[59,76856,87],{"class":73},[59,76858,676],{"class":178},[59,76860,87],{"class":73},[59,76862,681],{"class":178},[59,76864,107],{"class":73},[59,76866,76867],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76868,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76872,715],{"class":135},[59,76874,139],{"class":73},[59,76876,707],{"class":142},[59,76878,3914],{"class":73},[59,76880,2159],{"class":178},[59,76882,1002],{"class":73},[59,76884,671],{"class":178},[59,76886,3902],{"class":73},[20,76888,168],{},[50,76890,76891],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,76892,76893],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76894,76895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76896,38095],{"class":73},[20,76898,76899],{},"But this would raise an error:",[50,76901,76903],{"className":52,"code":76902,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76904,76905,76925,76929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76906,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76908,664],{"class":65},[59,76910,70],{"class":69},[59,76912,74],{"class":73},[59,76914,671],{"class":178},[59,76916,87],{"class":73},[59,76918,676],{"class":178},[59,76920,87],{"class":73},[59,76922,681],{"class":178},[59,76924,107],{"class":73},[59,76926,76927],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,76928,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,76930,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,76932,715],{"class":135},[59,76934,139],{"class":73},[59,76936,707],{"class":142},[59,76938,3914],{"class":73},[59,76940,2159],{"class":178},[59,76942,3902],{"class":73},[20,76944,76945,76946,358],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[354,76947,69067],{"href":69066},[45,76949,15177],{"id":76950},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76952,76953],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[29,76955,76956,76960,76962,76965,76971],{},[32,76957,4721,76958,75549],{},[15,76959,75234],{},[32,76961,60499],{},[32,76963,76964],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[32,76966,1605,76967,1608,76969],{},[15,76968,75869],{},[15,76970,73334],{},[32,76972,76973,76974,76976],{},"Using step ",[15,76975,179],{},", which causes an error",[1127,76978,76980],{"id":76979},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[50,76982,76984],{"className":52,"code":76983,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76985,76986,77014],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,76989,664],{"class":65},[59,76991,70],{"class":69},[59,76993,74],{"class":73},[59,76995,671],{"class":178},[59,76997,87],{"class":73},[59,76999,676],{"class":178},[59,77001,87],{"class":73},[59,77003,681],{"class":178},[59,77005,87],{"class":73},[59,77007,50647],{"class":178},[59,77009,87],{"class":73},[59,77011,5094],{"class":178},[59,77013,107],{"class":73},[59,77015,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77017,715],{"class":135},[59,77019,139],{"class":73},[59,77021,707],{"class":142},[59,77023,3914],{"class":73},[59,77025,187],{"class":178},[59,77027,1002],{"class":73},[59,77029,2522],{"class":178},[59,77031,3902],{"class":73},[20,77033,77034],{},"This returns:",[50,77036,77038],{"className":52,"code":77037,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77039,77040],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77041,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77043,3914],{"class":73},[59,77045,1222],{"class":178},[59,77047,87],{"class":73},[59,77049,681],{"class":178},[59,77051,87],{"class":73},[59,77053,50647],{"class":178},[59,77055,107],{"class":73},[20,77057,40705,77058,77060,77061,77063,77064,358],{},[549,77059,4647],{}," include ",[15,77062,76602],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77065,2522],{},[1127,77067,77069],{"id":77068},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77071,16644],{},[50,77073,77075],{"className":52,"code":77074,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77076,77077,77097],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77078,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77080,664],{"class":65},[59,77082,70],{"class":69},[59,77084,74],{"class":73},[59,77086,671],{"class":178},[59,77088,87],{"class":73},[59,77090,676],{"class":178},[59,77092,87],{"class":73},[59,77094,681],{"class":178},[59,77096,107],{"class":73},[59,77098,77099],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77100,77101],{"class":3678},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77103,77104],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[50,77106,77108],{"className":52,"code":77107,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77109,77110],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77111,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77113,715],{"class":135},[59,77115,139],{"class":73},[59,77117,707],{"class":142},[59,77119,3914],{"class":73},[59,77121,187],{"class":178},[59,77123,1002],{"class":73},[59,77125,950],{"class":178},[59,77127,3902],{"class":73},[1127,77129,77131],{"id":77130},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77133,77134],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[50,77136,77138],{"className":52,"code":77137,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77139,77140,77164,77178,77182,77192],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77141,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77143,664],{"class":65},[59,77145,70],{"class":69},[59,77147,74],{"class":73},[59,77149,671],{"class":178},[59,77151,87],{"class":73},[59,77153,676],{"class":178},[59,77155,87],{"class":73},[59,77157,681],{"class":178},[59,77159,87],{"class":73},[59,77161,50647],{"class":178},[59,77163,107],{"class":73},[59,77165,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77167,75467],{"class":65},[59,77169,70],{"class":69},[59,77171,4277],{"class":65},[59,77173,75343],{"class":73},[59,77175,195],{"class":178},[59,77177,107],{"class":73},[59,77179,77180],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77181,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,77183,77184,77186,77188,77190],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,77185,715],{"class":135},[59,77187,139],{"class":73},[59,77189,75490],{"class":142},[59,77191,165],{"class":73},[59,77193,77194,77196,77198,77200],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,77195,715],{"class":135},[59,77197,139],{"class":73},[59,77199,707],{"class":142},[59,77201,165],{"class":73},[20,77203,168],{},[50,77205,77207],{"className":52,"code":77206,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77208,77209,77221],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77210,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77212,3914],{"class":73},[59,77214,671],{"class":178},[59,77216,87],{"class":73},[59,77218,676],{"class":178},[59,77220,107],{"class":73},[59,77222,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237,77239],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77224,3914],{"class":73},[59,77226,671],{"class":178},[59,77228,87],{"class":73},[59,77230,676],{"class":178},[59,77232,87],{"class":73},[59,77234,681],{"class":178},[59,77236,87],{"class":73},[59,77238,50647],{"class":178},[59,77240,107],{"class":73},[20,77242,77243],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1127,77245,77247,77248,1608,77250],{"id":77246},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77249,75869],{},[15,77251,73334],{},[50,77253,77255],{"className":52,"code":77254,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77256,77257,77277,77281,77298,77309],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77258,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77260,664],{"class":65},[59,77262,70],{"class":69},[59,77264,74],{"class":73},[59,77266,671],{"class":178},[59,77268,87],{"class":73},[59,77270,676],{"class":178},[59,77272,87],{"class":73},[59,77274,681],{"class":178},[59,77276,107],{"class":73},[59,77278,77279],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77280,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,77282,77283,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77284,77285],{"class":65},"reversed_copy ",[59,77287,70],{"class":69},[59,77289,4277],{"class":65},[59,77291,73930],{"class":73},[59,77293,2047],{"class":69},[59,77295,187],{"class":178},[59,77297,107],{"class":73},[59,77299,77300,77302,77304,77307],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,77301,715],{"class":135},[59,77303,139],{"class":73},[59,77305,77306],{"class":142},"reversed_copy",[59,77308,165],{"class":73},[59,77310,77311,77313,77315,77317],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,77312,715],{"class":135},[59,77314,139],{"class":73},[59,77316,707],{"class":142},[59,77318,165],{"class":73},[20,77320,168],{},[50,77322,77324],{"className":52,"code":77323,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77325,77326,77342],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77327,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77329,3914],{"class":73},[59,77331,1225],{"class":178},[59,77333,87],{"class":73},[59,77335,676],{"class":178},[59,77337,87],{"class":73},[59,77339,741],{"class":178},[59,77341,107],{"class":73},[59,77343,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77345,3914],{"class":73},[59,77347,671],{"class":178},[59,77349,87],{"class":73},[59,77351,676],{"class":178},[59,77353,87],{"class":73},[59,77355,681],{"class":178},[59,77357,107],{"class":73},[20,77359,77360,77363],{},[15,77361,77362],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77365,77366,77367,77370],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77368,77369],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1127,77372,77374],{"id":77373},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77376,77377],{},"This is not allowed:",[50,77379,77381],{"className":52,"code":77380,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77382,77383,77403],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77386,664],{"class":65},[59,77388,70],{"class":69},[59,77390,74],{"class":73},[59,77392,671],{"class":178},[59,77394,87],{"class":73},[59,77396,676],{"class":178},[59,77398,87],{"class":73},[59,77400,681],{"class":178},[59,77402,107],{"class":73},[59,77404,77405],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77406,77407],{"class":3678},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77409,77410,77411,358],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77412,40503],{},[45,77414,77416],{"id":77415},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77418,77419],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[29,77421,77422,77429,77435,77438,77441],{},[32,77423,1605,77424,4408,77426,77428],{},[15,77425,407],{},[15,77427,75234],{}," positions",[32,77430,77431,77432,77434],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77433,75234],{}," index is included",[32,77436,77437],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[32,77439,77440],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[32,77442,77443],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77445,77446],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[50,77448,77450],{"className":52,"code":77449,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77451,77452,77462,77476,77494,77508,77525],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77453,77454,77456,77458,77460],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77455,715],{"class":135},[59,77457,139],{"class":73},[59,77459,8344],{"class":142},[59,77461,165],{"class":73},[59,77463,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77465,715],{"class":135},[59,77467,139],{"class":73},[59,77469,11163],{"class":135},[59,77471,139],{"class":73},[59,77473,8344],{"class":142},[59,77475,710],{"class":73},[59,77477,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490,77492],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77479,715],{"class":135},[59,77481,139],{"class":73},[59,77483,8344],{"class":142},[59,77485,3914],{"class":73},[59,77487,187],{"class":178},[59,77489,1002],{"class":73},[59,77491,2522],{"class":178},[59,77493,3902],{"class":73},[59,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,77497,715],{"class":135},[59,77499,139],{"class":73},[59,77501,8344],{"class":142},[59,77503,75343],{"class":73},[59,77505,950],{"class":178},[59,77507,3902],{"class":73},[59,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,77511,715],{"class":135},[59,77513,139],{"class":73},[59,77515,8344],{"class":142},[59,77517,3914],{"class":73},[59,77519,2047],{"class":69},[59,77521,950],{"class":178},[59,77523,77524],{"class":73},":])\n",[59,77526,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,77528,715],{"class":135},[59,77530,139],{"class":73},[59,77532,8344],{"class":142},[59,77534,73930],{"class":73},[59,77536,2047],{"class":69},[59,77538,187],{"class":178},[59,77540,3902],{"class":73},[20,77542,1599,77543,77545,77546,77550],{},[15,77544,42161],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[354,77547,77549],{"href":77548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[45,77552,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,77554,77556],{"id":77555},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77558,77559],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1127,77561,77563],{"id":77562},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77565,77566],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1127,77568,1872,77570,39759],{"id":77569},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77571,75869],{},[20,77573,77574],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1127,77576,77578,77579,1905],{"id":77577},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77580,70539],{},[20,77582,77583],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[45,77585,1927],{"id":1926},[29,77587,77588,77593,77598,77602,77606,77610],{},[32,77589,77590],{},[354,77591,77592],{"href":50783},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[32,77594,77595],{},[354,77596,77597],{"href":56959},"How to create a list in Python",[32,77599,77600],{},[354,77601,14965],{"href":57025},[32,77603,77604],{},[354,77605,74615],{"href":74614},[32,77607,77608],{},[354,77609,77549],{"href":77548},[32,77611,77612],{},[354,77613,69067],{"href":69066},[20,77615,77616,77617,77619],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77618,42161],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1953,77621,77622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":77624},[77625,77626,77627,77628,77629,77630,77633,77637,77645,77646,77654],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":75398,"depth":110,"text":75399},{"id":75561,"depth":110,"text":75562},{"id":75823,"depth":110,"text":75824},{"id":76117,"depth":110,"text":76118},{"id":76363,"depth":110,"text":76364,"children":77631},[77632],{"id":76621,"depth":117,"text":76622},{"id":76675,"depth":110,"text":76676,"children":77634},[77635,77636],{"id":76682,"depth":117,"text":76683},{"id":76743,"depth":117,"text":76744},{"id":76950,"depth":110,"text":15177,"children":77638},[77639,77640,77641,77642,77644],{"id":76979,"depth":117,"text":76980},{"id":77068,"depth":117,"text":77069},{"id":77130,"depth":117,"text":77131},{"id":77246,"depth":117,"text":77643},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77373,"depth":117,"text":77374},{"id":77415,"depth":110,"text":77416},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":77647},[77648,77649,77650,77652],{"id":77555,"depth":117,"text":77556},{"id":77562,"depth":117,"text":77563},{"id":77569,"depth":117,"text":77651},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77577,"depth":117,"text":77653},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75221,"description":77655},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77662,"title":77663,"body":77664,"description":79733,"extension":1988,"meta":79734,"navigation":113,"path":79735,"seo":79736,"stem":79737,"__hash__":79738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77665,"toc":79699},[77666,77671,77677,77683,77685,77732,77739,77744,77748,77763,77766,77819,77821,77846,77851,77853,77885,77888,77904,77906,77967,77969,77994,77998,78003,78056,78058,78083,78088,78149,78151,78176,78179,78186,78190,78193,78254,78256,78289,78292,78353,78355,78388,78394,78467,78469,78501,78508,78513,78518,78520,78532,78535,78613,78615,78656,78659,78733,78735,78768,78773,78780,78787,78791,78800,78804,78812,78814,78881,78883,78919,78924,78935,78937,78942,78947,78949,79012,79014,79039,79046,79051,79055,79058,79098,79103,79109,79114,79116,79143,79148,79151,79198,79200,79257,79264,79269,79275,79344,79348,79351,79414,79416,79449,79454,79456,79459,79540,79542,79566,79572,79574,79579,79583,79590,79598,79602,79604,79627,79631,79633,79660,79663,79670,79673,79675,79696],[10,77667,54147,77669,11324],{"id":77668},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77670,64119],{},[20,77672,77673,77676],{},[15,77674,77675],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77678,77679,77680,77682],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77681,64119],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[45,77684,48],{"id":47},[50,77686,77688],{"className":52,"code":77687,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77689,77690,77710,77720],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77693,664],{"class":65},[59,77695,70],{"class":69},[59,77697,74],{"class":73},[59,77699,950],{"class":178},[59,77701,87],{"class":73},[59,77703,5506],{"class":178},[59,77705,87],{"class":73},[59,77707,3009],{"class":178},[59,77709,107],{"class":73},[59,77711,77712,77714,77716,77718],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77713,707],{"class":65},[59,77715,358],{"class":73},[59,77717,34787],{"class":142},[59,77719,8647],{"class":73},[59,77721,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77723,715],{"class":135},[59,77725,139],{"class":73},[59,77727,707],{"class":142},[59,77729,3675],{"class":73},[59,77731,54737],{"class":3678},[20,77733,201,77734,77736,77737,358],{},[15,77735,77675],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77738,3792],{},[45,77740,208,77742,211],{"id":77741},"what-listsort-does",[15,77743,77675],{},[20,77745,77746,1002],{},[15,77747,77675],{},[29,77749,77750,77753,77756,77760],{},[32,77751,77752],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[32,77754,77755],{},"Changes the original list",[32,77757,11426,77758],{},[15,77759,3792],{},[32,77761,77762],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77764,77765],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[50,77767,77769],{"className":52,"code":77768,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77770,77771,77795,77805,77809],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77772,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77774,664],{"class":65},[59,77776,70],{"class":69},[59,77778,74],{"class":73},[59,77780,2159],{"class":178},[59,77782,87],{"class":73},[59,77784,3009],{"class":178},[59,77786,87],{"class":73},[59,77788,53941],{"class":178},[59,77790,87],{"class":73},[59,77792,5506],{"class":178},[59,77794,107],{"class":73},[59,77796,77797,77799,77801,77803],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77798,707],{"class":65},[59,77800,358],{"class":73},[59,77802,34787],{"class":142},[59,77804,8647],{"class":73},[59,77806,77807],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77808,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,77810,77811,77813,77815,77817],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,77812,715],{"class":135},[59,77814,139],{"class":73},[59,77816,707],{"class":142},[59,77818,165],{"class":73},[20,77820,168],{},[50,77822,77824],{"className":52,"code":77823,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77825,77826],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77827,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77829,3914],{"class":73},[59,77831,187],{"class":178},[59,77833,87],{"class":73},[59,77835,3009],{"class":178},[59,77837,87],{"class":73},[59,77839,4621],{"class":178},[59,77841,87],{"class":73},[59,77843,53941],{"class":178},[59,77845,107],{"class":73},[20,77847,77848,77849,358],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[354,77850,66885],{"href":50783},[45,77852,362],{"id":361},[50,77854,77856],{"className":52,"code":77855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77857,77858],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77859,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77879,77881,77883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77861,8344],{"class":65},[59,77863,358],{"class":73},[59,77865,34787],{"class":142},[59,77867,139],{"class":73},[59,77869,14841],{"class":385},[59,77871,70],{"class":69},[59,77873,3792],{"class":3867},[59,77875,87],{"class":73},[59,77877,77878],{"class":385}," reverse",[59,77880,70],{"class":69},[59,77882,3689],{"class":3867},[59,77884,165],{"class":73},[20,77886,77887],{},"Main arguments:",[29,77889,77890,77895,77901],{},[32,77891,77892,77894],{},[15,77893,14841],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[32,77896,77897,77900],{},[15,77898,77899],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[32,77902,77903],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77905,239],{},[50,77907,77909],{"className":52,"code":77908,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77910,77911,77935,77953,77957],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77912,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77914,664],{"class":65},[59,77916,70],{"class":69},[59,77918,74],{"class":73},[59,77920,2522],{"class":178},[59,77922,87],{"class":73},[59,77924,5506],{"class":178},[59,77926,87],{"class":73},[59,77928,6000],{"class":178},[59,77930,87],{"class":73},[59,77932,3009],{"class":178},[59,77934,107],{"class":73},[59,77936,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,77938,707],{"class":65},[59,77940,358],{"class":73},[59,77942,34787],{"class":142},[59,77944,139],{"class":73},[59,77946,73385],{"class":385},[59,77948,70],{"class":69},[59,77950,3619],{"class":3867},[59,77952,165],{"class":73},[59,77954,77955],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,77956,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,77958,77959,77961,77963,77965],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,77960,715],{"class":135},[59,77962,139],{"class":73},[59,77964,707],{"class":142},[59,77966,165],{"class":73},[20,77968,168],{},[50,77970,77972],{"className":52,"code":77971,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77973,77974],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,77975,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,77977,3914],{"class":73},[59,77979,2050],{"class":178},[59,77981,87],{"class":73},[59,77983,2475],{"class":178},[59,77985,87],{"class":73},[59,77987,3009],{"class":178},[59,77989,87],{"class":73},[59,77991,5506],{"class":178},[59,77993,107],{"class":73},[45,77995,77997],{"id":77996},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77999,201,78000,78002],{},[15,78001,64119],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[50,78004,78006],{"className":52,"code":78005,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78007,78008,78032,78042,78046],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78009,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78011,664],{"class":65},[59,78013,70],{"class":69},[59,78015,74],{"class":73},[59,78017,671],{"class":178},[59,78019,87],{"class":73},[59,78021,2469],{"class":178},[59,78023,87],{"class":73},[59,78025,6366],{"class":178},[59,78027,87],{"class":73},[59,78029,5506],{"class":178},[59,78031,107],{"class":73},[59,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78035,707],{"class":65},[59,78037,358],{"class":73},[59,78039,34787],{"class":142},[59,78041,8647],{"class":73},[59,78043,78044],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78045,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78047,78048,78050,78052,78054],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78049,715],{"class":135},[59,78051,139],{"class":73},[59,78053,707],{"class":142},[59,78055,165],{"class":73},[20,78057,168],{},[50,78059,78061],{"className":52,"code":78060,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78062,78063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78064,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78066,3914],{"class":73},[59,78068,187],{"class":178},[59,78070,87],{"class":73},[59,78072,2469],{"class":178},[59,78074,87],{"class":73},[59,78076,6366],{"class":178},[59,78078,87],{"class":73},[59,78080,741],{"class":178},[59,78082,107],{"class":73},[20,78084,201,78085,78087],{},[15,78086,77899],{}," for descending order:",[50,78089,78091],{"className":52,"code":78090,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78092,78093,78117,78135,78139],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78094,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78096,664],{"class":65},[59,78098,70],{"class":69},[59,78100,74],{"class":73},[59,78102,671],{"class":178},[59,78104,87],{"class":73},[59,78106,2469],{"class":178},[59,78108,87],{"class":73},[59,78110,6366],{"class":178},[59,78112,87],{"class":73},[59,78114,5506],{"class":178},[59,78116,107],{"class":73},[59,78118,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78120,707],{"class":65},[59,78122,358],{"class":73},[59,78124,34787],{"class":142},[59,78126,139],{"class":73},[59,78128,73385],{"class":385},[59,78130,70],{"class":69},[59,78132,3619],{"class":3867},[59,78134,165],{"class":73},[59,78136,78137],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78138,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78140,78141,78143,78145,78147],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78142,715],{"class":135},[59,78144,139],{"class":73},[59,78146,707],{"class":142},[59,78148,165],{"class":73},[20,78150,168],{},[50,78152,78154],{"className":52,"code":78153,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78155,78156],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78159,3914],{"class":73},[59,78161,671],{"class":178},[59,78163,87],{"class":73},[59,78165,6366],{"class":178},[59,78167,87],{"class":73},[59,78169,2469],{"class":178},[59,78171,87],{"class":73},[59,78173,5506],{"class":178},[59,78175,107],{"class":73},[20,78177,78178],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78180,78181,78182,358],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[354,78183,78185],{"href":78184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[45,78187,78189],{"id":78188},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78191,78192],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[50,78194,78196],{"className":52,"code":78195,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78197,78198,78230,78240,78244],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78199,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78201,4085],{"class":65},[59,78203,70],{"class":69},[59,78205,74],{"class":73},[59,78207,78],{"class":77},[59,78209,597],{"class":81},[59,78211,78],{"class":77},[59,78213,87],{"class":73},[59,78215,90],{"class":77},[59,78217,588],{"class":81},[59,78219,78],{"class":77},[59,78221,87],{"class":73},[59,78223,90],{"class":77},[59,78225,4110],{"class":81},[59,78227,78],{"class":77},[59,78229,107],{"class":73},[59,78231,78232,78234,78236,78238],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78233,4127],{"class":65},[59,78235,358],{"class":73},[59,78237,34787],{"class":142},[59,78239,8647],{"class":73},[59,78241,78242],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78243,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78245,78246,78248,78250,78252],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78247,715],{"class":135},[59,78249,139],{"class":73},[59,78251,4127],{"class":142},[59,78253,165],{"class":73},[20,78255,168],{},[50,78257,78259],{"className":52,"code":78258,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78260,78261],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78262,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78264,3914],{"class":73},[59,78266,1725],{"class":77},[59,78268,588],{"class":81},[59,78270,1725],{"class":77},[59,78272,87],{"class":73},[59,78274,1734],{"class":77},[59,78276,597],{"class":81},[59,78278,1725],{"class":77},[59,78280,87],{"class":73},[59,78282,1734],{"class":77},[59,78284,4110],{"class":81},[59,78286,1725],{"class":77},[59,78288,107],{"class":73},[20,78290,78291],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[50,78293,78295],{"className":52,"code":78294,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78296,78297,78329,78339,78343],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78300,4085],{"class":65},[59,78302,70],{"class":69},[59,78304,74],{"class":73},[59,78306,78],{"class":77},[59,78308,597],{"class":81},[59,78310,78],{"class":77},[59,78312,87],{"class":73},[59,78314,90],{"class":77},[59,78316,57574],{"class":81},[59,78318,78],{"class":77},[59,78320,87],{"class":73},[59,78322,90],{"class":77},[59,78324,4110],{"class":81},[59,78326,78],{"class":77},[59,78328,107],{"class":73},[59,78330,78331,78333,78335,78337],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78332,4127],{"class":65},[59,78334,358],{"class":73},[59,78336,34787],{"class":142},[59,78338,8647],{"class":73},[59,78340,78341],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78342,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78344,78345,78347,78349,78351],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78346,715],{"class":135},[59,78348,139],{"class":73},[59,78350,4127],{"class":142},[59,78352,165],{"class":73},[20,78354,168],{},[50,78356,78358],{"className":52,"code":78357,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78359,78360],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78361,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78363,3914],{"class":73},[59,78365,1725],{"class":77},[59,78367,57574],{"class":81},[59,78369,1725],{"class":77},[59,78371,87],{"class":73},[59,78373,1734],{"class":77},[59,78375,597],{"class":81},[59,78377,1725],{"class":77},[59,78379,87],{"class":73},[59,78381,1734],{"class":77},[59,78383,4110],{"class":81},[59,78385,1725],{"class":77},[59,78387,107],{"class":73},[20,78389,78390,78391,1002],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78392,78393],{},"key=str.lower",[50,78395,78397],{"className":52,"code":78396,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78398,78399,78431,78453,78457],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78400,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78402,4085],{"class":65},[59,78404,70],{"class":69},[59,78406,74],{"class":73},[59,78408,78],{"class":77},[59,78410,597],{"class":81},[59,78412,78],{"class":77},[59,78414,87],{"class":73},[59,78416,90],{"class":77},[59,78418,57574],{"class":81},[59,78420,78],{"class":77},[59,78422,87],{"class":73},[59,78424,90],{"class":77},[59,78426,4110],{"class":81},[59,78428,78],{"class":77},[59,78430,107],{"class":73},[59,78432,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78434,4127],{"class":65},[59,78436,358],{"class":73},[59,78438,34787],{"class":142},[59,78440,139],{"class":73},[59,78442,14841],{"class":385},[59,78444,70],{"class":69},[59,78446,3460],{"class":697},[59,78448,358],{"class":73},[59,78450,8644],{"class":929},[59,78452,165],{"class":73},[59,78454,78455],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78456,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78458,78459,78461,78463,78465],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78460,715],{"class":135},[59,78462,139],{"class":73},[59,78464,4127],{"class":142},[59,78466,165],{"class":73},[20,78468,168],{},[50,78470,78471],{"className":52,"code":78357,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,78472,78473],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78474,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78476,3914],{"class":73},[59,78478,1725],{"class":77},[59,78480,57574],{"class":81},[59,78482,1725],{"class":77},[59,78484,87],{"class":73},[59,78486,1734],{"class":77},[59,78488,597],{"class":81},[59,78490,1725],{"class":77},[59,78492,87],{"class":73},[59,78494,1734],{"class":77},[59,78496,4110],{"class":81},[59,78498,1725],{"class":77},[59,78500,107],{"class":73},[20,78502,78503,78504,78507],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78505,78506],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[45,78509,984,78511,987],{"id":78510},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78512,14841],{},[20,78514,2005,78515,78517],{},[15,78516,14841],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78519,7350],{},[29,78521,78522,78527],{},[32,78523,78524,78526],{},[15,78525,11163],{}," to sort by length",[32,78528,78529,78531],{},[15,78530,78506],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78533,78534],{},"Sort words by length:",[50,78536,78538],{"className":52,"code":78537,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78539,78540,78581,78599,78603],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78543,4085],{"class":65},[59,78545,70],{"class":69},[59,78547,74],{"class":73},[59,78549,78],{"class":77},[59,78551,78552],{"class":81},"pear",[59,78554,78],{"class":77},[59,78556,87],{"class":73},[59,78558,90],{"class":77},[59,78560,597],{"class":81},[59,78562,78],{"class":77},[59,78564,87],{"class":73},[59,78566,90],{"class":77},[59,78568,38156],{"class":81},[59,78570,78],{"class":77},[59,78572,87],{"class":73},[59,78574,90],{"class":77},[59,78576,588],{"class":81},[59,78578,78],{"class":77},[59,78580,107],{"class":73},[59,78582,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78584,4127],{"class":65},[59,78586,358],{"class":73},[59,78588,34787],{"class":142},[59,78590,139],{"class":73},[59,78592,14841],{"class":385},[59,78594,70],{"class":69},[59,78596,11163],{"class":135},[59,78598,165],{"class":73},[59,78600,78601],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78602,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78604,78605,78607,78609,78611],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78606,715],{"class":135},[59,78608,139],{"class":73},[59,78610,4127],{"class":142},[59,78612,165],{"class":73},[20,78614,168],{},[50,78616,78618],{"className":52,"code":78617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78619,78620],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78623,3914],{"class":73},[59,78625,1725],{"class":77},[59,78627,38156],{"class":81},[59,78629,1725],{"class":77},[59,78631,87],{"class":73},[59,78633,1734],{"class":77},[59,78635,78552],{"class":81},[59,78637,1725],{"class":77},[59,78639,87],{"class":73},[59,78641,1734],{"class":77},[59,78643,588],{"class":81},[59,78645,1725],{"class":77},[59,78647,87],{"class":73},[59,78649,1734],{"class":77},[59,78651,597],{"class":81},[59,78653,1725],{"class":77},[59,78655,107],{"class":73},[20,78657,78658],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[50,78660,78662],{"className":52,"code":78661,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78663,78664,78697,78719,78723],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78693,78695],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78667,4085],{"class":65},[59,78669,70],{"class":69},[59,78671,74],{"class":73},[59,78673,78],{"class":77},[59,78675,5027],{"class":81},[59,78677,78],{"class":77},[59,78679,87],{"class":73},[59,78681,90],{"class":77},[59,78683,17802],{"class":81},[59,78685,78],{"class":77},[59,78687,87],{"class":73},[59,78689,90],{"class":77},[59,78691,78692],{"class":81},"Carol",[59,78694,78],{"class":77},[59,78696,107],{"class":73},[59,78698,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78700,4127],{"class":65},[59,78702,358],{"class":73},[59,78704,34787],{"class":142},[59,78706,139],{"class":73},[59,78708,14841],{"class":385},[59,78710,70],{"class":69},[59,78712,3460],{"class":697},[59,78714,358],{"class":73},[59,78716,8644],{"class":929},[59,78718,165],{"class":73},[59,78720,78721],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78722,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78724,78725,78727,78729,78731],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78726,715],{"class":135},[59,78728,139],{"class":73},[59,78730,4127],{"class":142},[59,78732,165],{"class":73},[20,78734,168],{},[50,78736,78738],{"className":52,"code":78737,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78739,78740],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78741,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78743,3914],{"class":73},[59,78745,1725],{"class":77},[59,78747,17802],{"class":81},[59,78749,1725],{"class":77},[59,78751,87],{"class":73},[59,78753,1734],{"class":77},[59,78755,5027],{"class":81},[59,78757,1725],{"class":77},[59,78759,87],{"class":73},[59,78761,1734],{"class":77},[59,78763,78692],{"class":81},[59,78765,1725],{"class":77},[59,78767,107],{"class":73},[20,78769,2005,78770,78772],{},[15,78771,14841],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[45,78774,78776,10586,78778],{"id":78775},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78777,77675],{},[15,78779,74232],{},[20,78781,78782,4408,78784,78786],{},[15,78783,77675],{},[15,78785,74232],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78788,78789,1002],{},[15,78790,77675],{},[29,78792,78793,78796],{},[32,78794,78795],{},"Changes the existing list",[32,78797,11426,78798],{},[15,78799,3792],{},[20,78801,78802,1002],{},[15,78803,74232],{},[29,78805,78806,78809],{},[32,78807,78808],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[32,78810,78811],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78813,239],{},[50,78815,78817],{"className":52,"code":78816,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78818,78819,78839,78843,78857,78861,78871],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78820,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78822,664],{"class":65},[59,78824,70],{"class":69},[59,78826,74],{"class":73},[59,78828,950],{"class":178},[59,78830,87],{"class":73},[59,78832,5506],{"class":178},[59,78834,87],{"class":73},[59,78836,3009],{"class":178},[59,78838,107],{"class":73},[59,78840,78841],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78842,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78844,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78846,55695],{"class":65},[59,78848,70],{"class":69},[59,78850,74366],{"class":135},[59,78852,139],{"class":73},[59,78854,707],{"class":142},[59,78856,165],{"class":73},[59,78858,78859],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78860,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78862,78863,78865,78867,78869],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,78864,715],{"class":135},[59,78866,139],{"class":73},[59,78868,707],{"class":142},[59,78870,165],{"class":73},[59,78872,78873,78875,78877,78879],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,78874,715],{"class":135},[59,78876,139],{"class":73},[59,78878,74089],{"class":142},[59,78880,165],{"class":73},[20,78882,168],{},[50,78884,78885],{"className":52,"code":74401,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,78886,78887,78903],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78888,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78890,3914],{"class":73},[59,78892,950],{"class":178},[59,78894,87],{"class":73},[59,78896,5506],{"class":178},[59,78898,87],{"class":73},[59,78900,3009],{"class":178},[59,78902,107],{"class":73},[59,78904,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78906,3914],{"class":73},[59,78908,187],{"class":178},[59,78910,87],{"class":73},[59,78912,3009],{"class":178},[59,78914,87],{"class":73},[59,78916,2469],{"class":178},[59,78918,107],{"class":73},[20,78920,201,78921,78923],{},[15,78922,74232],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78925,78926,78927,4408,78931,358],{},"You can learn more in ",[354,78928,13,78929,5791],{"href":74329},[15,78930,74232],{},[354,78932,78934],{"href":78933},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[45,78936,1579],{"id":1578},[20,78938,78939,78940,358],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78941,77675],{},[1127,78943,12597,78945],{"id":78944},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78946,64119],{},[20,78948,25680],{},[50,78950,78952],{"className":52,"code":78951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78953,78954,78974,78988,78992,79002],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,78955,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,78957,664],{"class":65},[59,78959,70],{"class":69},[59,78961,74],{"class":73},[59,78963,950],{"class":178},[59,78965,87],{"class":73},[59,78967,5506],{"class":178},[59,78969,87],{"class":73},[59,78971,3009],{"class":178},[59,78973,107],{"class":73},[59,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,78977,692],{"class":65},[59,78979,70],{"class":69},[59,78981,4277],{"class":65},[59,78983,358],{"class":73},[59,78985,34787],{"class":142},[59,78987,8647],{"class":73},[59,78989,78990],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,78991,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,78993,78994,78996,78998,79000],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,78995,715],{"class":135},[59,78997,139],{"class":73},[59,78999,720],{"class":142},[59,79001,165],{"class":73},[59,79003,79004,79006,79008,79010],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,79005,715],{"class":135},[59,79007,139],{"class":73},[59,79009,707],{"class":142},[59,79011,165],{"class":73},[20,79013,168],{},[50,79015,79017],{"className":52,"code":79016,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79018,79019,79023],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79020,79021],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79022,11810],{"class":3867},[59,79024,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79026,3914],{"class":73},[59,79028,187],{"class":178},[59,79030,87],{"class":73},[59,79032,3009],{"class":178},[59,79034,87],{"class":73},[59,79036,2469],{"class":178},[59,79038,107],{"class":73},[20,79040,79041,79043,79044,358],{},[15,79042,64119],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79045,3792],{},[20,79047,79048,79049,6638],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79050,74232],{},[1127,79052,79054],{"id":79053},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79056,79057],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[50,79059,79061],{"className":52,"code":79060,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79062,79063,79088],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79080,79082,79084,79086],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79066,1251],{"class":65},[59,79068,70],{"class":69},[59,79070,74],{"class":73},[59,79072,187],{"class":178},[59,79074,87],{"class":73},[59,79076,90],{"class":77},[59,79078,79079],{"class":81},"two",[59,79081,78],{"class":77},[59,79083,87],{"class":73},[59,79085,2469],{"class":178},[59,79087,107],{"class":73},[59,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79091,1297],{"class":65},[59,79093,358],{"class":73},[59,79095,34787],{"class":142},[59,79097,8647],{"class":73},[20,79099,3018,79100,79102],{},[15,79101,3021],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1127,79104,4721,79106,79108],{"id":79105},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79107,64119],{}," only works on lists",[20,79110,79111,79113],{},[15,79112,64119],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79115,16644],{},[50,79117,79119],{"className":52,"code":79118,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79120,79121,79133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79122,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79124,34675],{"class":65},[59,79126,70],{"class":69},[59,79128,90],{"class":77},[59,79130,54],{"class":81},[59,79132,3374],{"class":77},[59,79134,79135,79137,79139,79141],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79136,34696],{"class":65},[59,79138,358],{"class":73},[59,79140,34787],{"class":142},[59,79142,8647],{"class":73},[20,79144,79145,79146,33588],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79147,64119],{},[20,79149,79150],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[50,79152,79154],{"className":52,"code":79153,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79155,79156,79174,79184,79188],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79157,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79159,425],{"class":65},[59,79161,70],{"class":69},[59,79163,698],{"class":697},[59,79165,139],{"class":73},[59,79167,78],{"class":77},[59,79169,54],{"class":81},[59,79171,78],{"class":77},[59,79173,165],{"class":73},[59,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79177,480],{"class":65},[59,79179,358],{"class":73},[59,79181,34787],{"class":142},[59,79183,8647],{"class":73},[59,79185,79186],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,79187,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,79189,79190,79192,79194,79196],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,79191,715],{"class":135},[59,79193,139],{"class":73},[59,79195,480],{"class":142},[59,79197,165],{"class":73},[20,79199,168],{},[50,79201,79203],{"className":52,"code":79202,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79204,79205],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79206,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79208,3914],{"class":73},[59,79210,1725],{"class":77},[59,79212,60245],{"class":81},[59,79214,1725],{"class":77},[59,79216,87],{"class":73},[59,79218,1734],{"class":77},[59,79220,75838],{"class":81},[59,79222,1725],{"class":77},[59,79224,87],{"class":73},[59,79226,1734],{"class":77},[59,79228,60280],{"class":81},[59,79230,1725],{"class":77},[59,79232,87],{"class":73},[59,79234,1734],{"class":77},[59,79236,20],{"class":81},[59,79238,1725],{"class":77},[59,79240,87],{"class":73},[59,79242,1734],{"class":77},[59,79244,63094],{"class":81},[59,79246,1725],{"class":77},[59,79248,87],{"class":73},[59,79250,1734],{"class":77},[59,79252,1269],{"class":81},[59,79254,1725],{"class":77},[59,79256,107],{"class":73},[1127,79258,79260,79261,79263],{"id":79259},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79262,14841],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79265,79266,79267,358],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79268,14841],{},[20,79270,79271,79272,79274],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79273,64119],{}," will not do that:",[50,79276,79278],{"className":52,"code":79277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79279,79280,79312,79330,79334],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79281,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79283,4085],{"class":65},[59,79285,70],{"class":69},[59,79287,74],{"class":73},[59,79289,78],{"class":77},[59,79291,597],{"class":81},[59,79293,78],{"class":77},[59,79295,87],{"class":73},[59,79297,90],{"class":77},[59,79299,38156],{"class":81},[59,79301,78],{"class":77},[59,79303,87],{"class":73},[59,79305,90],{"class":77},[59,79307,588],{"class":81},[59,79309,78],{"class":77},[59,79311,107],{"class":73},[59,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79315,4127],{"class":65},[59,79317,358],{"class":73},[59,79319,34787],{"class":142},[59,79321,139],{"class":73},[59,79323,14841],{"class":385},[59,79325,70],{"class":69},[59,79327,11163],{"class":135},[59,79329,165],{"class":73},[59,79331,79332],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,79333,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,79335,79336,79338,79340,79342],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,79337,715],{"class":135},[59,79339,139],{"class":73},[59,79341,4127],{"class":142},[59,79343,165],{"class":73},[1127,79345,79347],{"id":79346},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79349,79350],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[50,79352,79354],{"className":52,"code":79353,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79355,79356,79390,79400,79404],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79357,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79386,79388],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79359,4085],{"class":65},[59,79361,70],{"class":69},[59,79363,74],{"class":73},[59,79365,78],{"class":77},[59,79367,79368],{"class":81},"zebra",[59,79370,78],{"class":77},[59,79372,87],{"class":73},[59,79374,90],{"class":77},[59,79376,57574],{"class":81},[59,79378,78],{"class":77},[59,79380,87],{"class":73},[59,79382,90],{"class":77},[59,79384,79385],{"class":81},"monkey",[59,79387,78],{"class":77},[59,79389,107],{"class":73},[59,79391,79392,79394,79396,79398],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79393,4127],{"class":65},[59,79395,358],{"class":73},[59,79397,34787],{"class":142},[59,79399,8647],{"class":73},[59,79401,79402],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,79403,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,79405,79406,79408,79410,79412],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,79407,715],{"class":135},[59,79409,139],{"class":73},[59,79411,4127],{"class":142},[59,79413,165],{"class":73},[20,79415,168],{},[50,79417,79419],{"className":52,"code":79418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79420,79421],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79424,3914],{"class":73},[59,79426,1725],{"class":77},[59,79428,57574],{"class":81},[59,79430,1725],{"class":77},[59,79432,87],{"class":73},[59,79434,1734],{"class":77},[59,79436,79385],{"class":81},[59,79438,1725],{"class":77},[59,79440,87],{"class":73},[59,79442,1734],{"class":77},[59,79444,79368],{"class":81},[59,79446,1725],{"class":77},[59,79448,107],{"class":73},[20,79450,201,79451,79453],{},[15,79452,78393],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1127,79455,60517],{"id":60516},[20,79457,79458],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[50,79460,79462],{"className":52,"code":79461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79463,79464,79474,79488,79502,79516],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79465,79466,79468,79470,79472],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79467,715],{"class":135},[59,79469,139],{"class":73},[59,79471,8344],{"class":142},[59,79473,165],{"class":73},[59,79475,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79477,715],{"class":135},[59,79479,139],{"class":73},[59,79481,3239],{"class":697},[59,79483,139],{"class":73},[59,79485,8344],{"class":142},[59,79487,710],{"class":73},[59,79489,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,79491,715],{"class":135},[59,79493,139],{"class":73},[59,79495,8344],{"class":142},[59,79497,358],{"class":73},[59,79499,34787],{"class":142},[59,79501,7201],{"class":73},[59,79503,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,79505,715],{"class":135},[59,79507,139],{"class":73},[59,79509,74322],{"class":135},[59,79511,139],{"class":73},[59,79513,8344],{"class":142},[59,79515,710],{"class":73},[59,79517,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,79519,715],{"class":135},[59,79521,1629],{"class":73},[59,79523,3239],{"class":697},[59,79525,139],{"class":73},[59,79527,23304],{"class":142},[59,79529,3675],{"class":73},[59,79531,958],{"class":120},[59,79533,1288],{"class":142},[59,79535,132],{"class":120},[59,79537,8400],{"class":142},[59,79539,3902],{"class":73},[20,79541,11172],{},[29,79543,79544,79547,79550,79557,79563],{},[32,79545,79546],{},"What values are in the list",[32,79548,79549],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[32,79551,79552,79553,2414,79555],{},"That ",[15,79554,64119],{},[15,79556,3792],{},[32,79558,79559,79560,79562],{},"Whether ",[15,79561,74232],{}," works better for your case",[32,79564,79565],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79567,79568,79569,79571],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79570,3021],{}," problems.",[45,79573,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,79575,1882,79577,55274],{"id":79576},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79578,77675],{},[20,79580,62410,79581,358],{},[15,79582,3792],{},[1127,79584,5190,79586,4408,79588,1905],{"id":79585},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79587,64119],{},[15,79589,74232],{},[20,79591,79592,79594,79595,79597],{},[15,79593,64119],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79596,74232],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1127,79599,79601],{"id":79600},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79603,18693],{},[50,79605,79607],{"className":52,"code":79606,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79608,79609],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79610,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79612,8344],{"class":65},[59,79614,358],{"class":73},[59,79616,34787],{"class":142},[59,79618,139],{"class":73},[59,79620,73385],{"class":385},[59,79622,70],{"class":69},[59,79624,3619],{"class":3867},[59,79626,165],{"class":73},[1127,79628,79630],{"id":79629},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79632,18693],{},[50,79634,79636],{"className":52,"code":79635,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79637,79638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79641,8344],{"class":65},[59,79643,358],{"class":73},[59,79645,34787],{"class":142},[59,79647,139],{"class":73},[59,79649,14841],{"class":385},[59,79651,70],{"class":69},[59,79653,3460],{"class":697},[59,79655,358],{"class":73},[59,79657,8644],{"class":929},[59,79659,165],{"class":73},[20,79661,79662],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1127,79664,79666,79667,79669],{"id":79665},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79668,3021],{}," when sorting?",[20,79671,79672],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[45,79674,1927],{"id":1926},[29,79676,79677,79682,79688,79692],{},[32,79678,79679],{},[354,79680,79681],{"href":78184},"How to sort a list in Python",[32,79683,79684],{},[354,79685,13,79686,5791],{"href":74329},[15,79687,74232],{},[32,79689,79690],{},[354,79691,66885],{"href":50783},[32,79693,79694],{},[354,79695,78934],{"href":78933},[1953,79697,79698],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":79700},[79701,79702,79704,79705,79706,79707,79709,79711,79722,79732],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":77741,"depth":110,"text":79703},"What list.sort() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":77996,"depth":110,"text":77997},{"id":78188,"depth":110,"text":78189},{"id":78510,"depth":110,"text":79708},"Using the key argument",{"id":78775,"depth":110,"text":79710},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":79712},[79713,79715,79716,79718,79720,79721],{"id":78944,"depth":117,"text":79714},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79053,"depth":117,"text":79054},{"id":79105,"depth":117,"text":79717},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79259,"depth":117,"text":79719},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79346,"depth":117,"text":79347},{"id":60516,"depth":117,"text":60517},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":79723},[79724,79726,79728,79729,79730],{"id":79576,"depth":117,"text":79725},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79585,"depth":117,"text":79727},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79600,"depth":117,"text":79601},{"id":79629,"depth":117,"text":79630},{"id":79665,"depth":117,"text":79731},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77663,"description":79733},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79740,"title":79741,"body":79742,"description":82373,"extension":1988,"meta":82374,"navigation":113,"path":82375,"seo":82376,"stem":82377,"__hash__":82378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79743,"toc":82332},[79744,79749,79754,79757,79768,79771,79791,79793,79855,79857,79898,79907,79912,79917,79923,79934,79936,79955,79958,79963,79968,79970,79975,79989,79991,80009,80012,80029,80032,80038,80061,80066,80068,80071,80132,80134,80167,80169,80208,80216,80226,80232,80237,80330,80332,80356,80358,80376,80379,80410,80416,80421,80424,80426,80551,80553,80577,80579,80598,80604,80610,80729,80731,80748,80755,80761,80766,80773,80779,80781,80838,80841,80862,80865,80868,80929,80931,80964,80968,81038,81040,81057,81061,81064,81139,81141,81178,81181,81184,81255,81257,81318,81323,81328,81331,81345,81347,81420,81422,81442,81445,81448,81505,81567,81570,81602,81605,81620,81625,81627,81633,81636,81692,81695,81697,81716,81720,81722,81766,81775,81777,81837,81841,81844,81846,81939,81941,82056,82060,82062,82136,82139,82142,82144,82149,82214,82216,82240,82250,82252,82258,82267,82276,82285,82291,82294,82298,82301,82303,82329],[10,79745,13,79747,18],{"id":79746},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79748,39515],{},[20,79750,3597,79751,79753],{},[15,79752,39515],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79755,79756],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[29,79758,79759,79762,79765],{},[32,79760,79761],{},"converting numbers to strings",[32,79763,79764],{},"changing strings to integers",[32,79766,79767],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79769,79770],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[29,79772,79773,79780,79786],{},[32,79774,79775,14053,79777,79779],{},[15,79776,39515],{},[549,79778,4647],{}," return a list in Python 3",[32,79781,79782,79783],{},"it returns a ",[549,79784,79785],{},"map object",[32,79787,79788,79789],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79790,24773],{},[45,79792,48],{"id":47},[50,79794,79796],{"className":52,"code":79795,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79797,79798,79822,79841],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79799,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79801,664],{"class":65},[59,79803,70],{"class":69},[59,79805,74],{"class":73},[59,79807,187],{"class":178},[59,79809,87],{"class":73},[59,79811,3009],{"class":178},[59,79813,87],{"class":73},[59,79815,2469],{"class":178},[59,79817,87],{"class":73},[59,79819,2475],{"class":178},[59,79821,107],{"class":73},[59,79823,79824,79826,79828,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,79825,692],{"class":65},[59,79827,70],{"class":69},[59,79829,79830],{"class":135}," map",[59,79832,139],{"class":73},[59,79834,3460],{"class":697},[59,79836,87],{"class":73},[59,79838,4277],{"class":142},[59,79840,165],{"class":73},[59,79842,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,79844,715],{"class":135},[59,79846,139],{"class":73},[59,79848,1651],{"class":697},[59,79850,139],{"class":73},[59,79852,720],{"class":142},[59,79854,710],{"class":73},[20,79856,168],{},[50,79858,79860],{"className":52,"code":79859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79861,79862],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79863,79864,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79865,3914],{"class":73},[59,79867,1725],{"class":77},[59,79869,187],{"class":81},[59,79871,1725],{"class":77},[59,79873,87],{"class":73},[59,79875,1734],{"class":77},[59,79877,195],{"class":81},[59,79879,1725],{"class":77},[59,79881,87],{"class":73},[59,79883,1734],{"class":77},[59,79885,950],{"class":81},[59,79887,1725],{"class":77},[59,79889,87],{"class":73},[59,79891,1734],{"class":77},[59,79893,2522],{"class":81},[59,79895,1725],{"class":77},[59,79897,107],{"class":73},[20,79899,201,79900,79903,79904,79906],{},[15,79901,79902],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79905,24773],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[45,79908,208,79910,211],{"id":79909},"what-map-does",[15,79911,39515],{},[20,79913,79914,79916],{},[15,79915,39515],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79918,79919,79920,79922],{},"An ",[549,79921,380],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[29,79924,79925,79927,79929,79931],{},[32,79926,37699],{},[32,79928,37702],{},[32,79930,37705],{},[32,79932,79933],{},"a range object",[20,79935,30713],{},[50,79937,79939],{"className":52,"code":79938,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79940,79941],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79942,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79944,39658],{"class":135},[59,79946,139],{"class":73},[59,79948,37658],{"class":142},[59,79950,87],{"class":73},[59,79952,37663],{"class":142},[59,79954,165],{"class":73},[20,79956,79957],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79959,79960,79961,33729],{},"Important: the result is a ",[549,79962,79785],{},[20,79964,79965,79966,358],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[354,79967,1491],{"href":5149},[45,79969,362],{"id":361},[20,79971,79972,79974],{},[15,79973,39515],{}," needs at least two parts:",[29,79976,79977,79983],{},[32,79978,79979,79982],{},[549,79980,79981],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[32,79984,79985,79988],{},[549,79986,79987],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79990,3720],{},[50,79992,79993],{"className":52,"code":79938,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,79994,79995],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,79996,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,79998,39658],{"class":135},[59,80000,139],{"class":73},[59,80002,37658],{"class":142},[59,80004,87],{"class":73},[59,80006,37663],{"class":142},[59,80008,165],{"class":73},[20,80010,80011],{},"You can pass:",[29,80013,80014,80023,80026],{},[32,80015,80016,80017,1208,80019,2213,80021],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80018,3460],{},[15,80020,2209],{},[15,80022,2042],{},[32,80024,80025],{},"your own custom function",[32,80027,80028],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80030,80031],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80033,80034,80035,80037],{},"You will often see ",[15,80036,39515],{}," used like this:",[50,80039,80041],{"className":52,"code":80040,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80042,80043],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80044,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80046,1651],{"class":697},[59,80048,139],{"class":73},[59,80050,39658],{"class":135},[59,80052,139],{"class":73},[59,80054,37658],{"class":142},[59,80056,87],{"class":73},[59,80058,3899],{"class":142},[59,80060,710],{"class":73},[20,80062,6684,80063,80065],{},[15,80064,24773],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[45,80067,11478],{"id":11477},[20,80069,80070],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[50,80072,80074],{"className":52,"code":80073,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80075,80076,80096,80114,80118],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80077,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092,80094],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80079,664],{"class":65},[59,80081,70],{"class":69},[59,80083,74],{"class":73},[59,80085,671],{"class":178},[59,80087,87],{"class":73},[59,80089,676],{"class":178},[59,80091,87],{"class":73},[59,80093,681],{"class":178},[59,80095,107],{"class":73},[59,80097,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80099,692],{"class":65},[59,80101,70],{"class":69},[59,80103,79830],{"class":135},[59,80105,139],{"class":73},[59,80107,3460],{"class":697},[59,80109,87],{"class":73},[59,80111,4277],{"class":142},[59,80113,165],{"class":73},[59,80115,80116],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80117,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80119,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80121,715],{"class":135},[59,80123,139],{"class":73},[59,80125,1651],{"class":697},[59,80127,139],{"class":73},[59,80129,720],{"class":142},[59,80131,710],{"class":73},[20,80133,168],{},[50,80135,80137],{"className":52,"code":80136,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80138,80139],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80140,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80142,3914],{"class":73},[59,80144,1725],{"class":77},[59,80146,671],{"class":81},[59,80148,1725],{"class":77},[59,80150,87],{"class":73},[59,80152,1734],{"class":77},[59,80154,1222],{"class":81},[59,80156,1725],{"class":77},[59,80158,87],{"class":73},[59,80160,1734],{"class":77},[59,80162,1225],{"class":81},[59,80164,1725],{"class":77},[59,80166,107],{"class":73},[20,80168,11687],{},[29,80170,80171,80176,80184,80192,80200],{},[32,80172,80173,80175],{},[15,80174,707],{}," contains integers",[32,80177,80178,80181,80182],{},[15,80179,80180],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80183,47486],{},[32,80185,80186,41955,80189],{},[15,80187,80188],{},"str(10)",[15,80190,80191],{},"'10'",[32,80193,80194,41955,80197],{},[15,80195,80196],{},"str(20)",[15,80198,80199],{},"'20'",[32,80201,80202,41955,80205],{},[15,80203,80204],{},"str(30)",[15,80206,80207],{},"'30'",[20,80209,53458,80210,80212,80213,80215],{},[15,80211,39515],{}," applies ",[15,80214,47486],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80217,80218,80219,80221,80222,358],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80220,24773],{}," better, see ",[354,80223,13,80224,536],{"href":64655},[15,80225,24773],{},[45,80227,1599,80229,80231],{"id":80228},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80230,39515],{}," with your own function",[20,80233,15715,80234,80236],{},[15,80235,39515],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[50,80238,80240],{"className":52,"code":80239,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80241,80242,80255,80265,80269,80293,80312,80316],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80243,80244,80246,80249,80251,80253],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80245,34839],{"class":887},[59,80247,80248],{"class":34842}," double",[59,80250,139],{"class":73},[59,80252,1260],{"class":37460},[59,80254,146],{"class":73},[59,80256,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80258,34850],{"class":120},[59,80260,3894],{"class":65},[59,80262,39671],{"class":69},[59,80264,45391],{"class":178},[59,80266,80267],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80268,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80272,664],{"class":65},[59,80274,70],{"class":69},[59,80276,74],{"class":73},[59,80278,187],{"class":178},[59,80280,87],{"class":73},[59,80282,3009],{"class":178},[59,80284,87],{"class":73},[59,80286,2469],{"class":178},[59,80288,87],{"class":73},[59,80290,2475],{"class":178},[59,80292,107],{"class":73},[59,80294,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80306,80308,80310],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,80296,692],{"class":65},[59,80298,70],{"class":69},[59,80300,79830],{"class":135},[59,80302,139],{"class":73},[59,80304,80305],{"class":142},"double",[59,80307,87],{"class":73},[59,80309,4277],{"class":142},[59,80311,165],{"class":73},[59,80313,80314],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,80315,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80317,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,80319,715],{"class":135},[59,80321,139],{"class":73},[59,80323,1651],{"class":697},[59,80325,139],{"class":73},[59,80327,720],{"class":142},[59,80329,710],{"class":73},[20,80331,168],{},[50,80333,80334],{"className":52,"code":39684,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,80335,80336],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80337,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80339,3914],{"class":73},[59,80341,195],{"class":178},[59,80343,87],{"class":73},[59,80345,2475],{"class":178},[59,80347,87],{"class":73},[59,80349,37441],{"class":178},[59,80351,87],{"class":73},[59,80353,6366],{"class":178},[59,80355,107],{"class":73},[20,80357,65392],{},[29,80359,80360,80367,80373],{},[32,80361,80362,80364,80365],{},[15,80363,39515],{}," takes the function ",[15,80366,80305],{},[32,80368,80369,80370,80372],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80371,707],{}," into that function",[32,80374,80375],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80377,80378],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[29,80380,80381,80388,80395,80403],{},[32,80382,80383,6078,80386],{},[15,80384,80385],{},"double(1)",[15,80387,195],{},[32,80389,80390,6078,80393],{},[15,80391,80392],{},"double(2)",[15,80394,2522],{},[32,80396,80397,6078,80400],{},[15,80398,80399],{},"double(3)",[15,80401,80402],{},"6",[32,80404,80405,6078,80408],{},[15,80406,80407],{},"double(4)",[15,80409,2362],{},[45,80411,1599,80413,80415],{"id":80412},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80414,39515],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80417,80418,80420],{},[15,80419,39515],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80422,80423],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80425,239],{},[50,80427,80429],{"className":52,"code":80428,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80430,80431,80448,80458,80462,80483,80504,80508,80533,80537],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80432,80433,80435,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80434,34839],{"class":887},[59,80436,80437],{"class":34842}," add_numbers",[59,80439,139],{"class":73},[59,80441,354],{"class":37460},[59,80443,87],{"class":73},[59,80445,2577],{"class":37460},[59,80447,146],{"class":73},[59,80449,80450,80452,80454,80456],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80451,34850],{"class":120},[59,80453,44346],{"class":65},[59,80455,2084],{"class":69},[59,80457,519],{"class":65},[59,80459,80460],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80461,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80463,80464,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80465,80466],{"class":65},"list1 ",[59,80468,70],{"class":69},[59,80470,74],{"class":73},[59,80472,187],{"class":178},[59,80474,87],{"class":73},[59,80476,3009],{"class":178},[59,80478,87],{"class":73},[59,80480,2469],{"class":178},[59,80482,107],{"class":73},[59,80484,80485,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,80486,80487],{"class":65},"list2 ",[59,80489,70],{"class":69},[59,80491,74],{"class":73},[59,80493,671],{"class":178},[59,80495,87],{"class":73},[59,80497,676],{"class":178},[59,80499,87],{"class":73},[59,80501,681],{"class":178},[59,80503,107],{"class":73},[59,80505,80506],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,80507,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80509,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80521,80523,80526,80528,80531],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,80511,692],{"class":65},[59,80513,70],{"class":69},[59,80515,79830],{"class":135},[59,80517,139],{"class":73},[59,80519,80520],{"class":142},"add_numbers",[59,80522,87],{"class":73},[59,80524,80525],{"class":142}," list1",[59,80527,87],{"class":73},[59,80529,80530],{"class":142}," list2",[59,80532,165],{"class":73},[59,80534,80535],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,80536,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80538,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,80540,715],{"class":135},[59,80542,139],{"class":73},[59,80544,1651],{"class":697},[59,80546,139],{"class":73},[59,80548,720],{"class":142},[59,80550,710],{"class":73},[20,80552,168],{},[50,80554,80556],{"className":52,"code":80555,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80557,80558],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80559,80560,80562,80565,80567,80570,80572,80575],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80561,3914],{"class":73},[59,80563,80564],{"class":178},"11",[59,80566,87],{"class":73},[59,80568,80569],{"class":178}," 22",[59,80571,87],{"class":73},[59,80573,80574],{"class":178}," 33",[59,80576,107],{"class":73},[20,80578,2199],{},[29,80580,80581,80587,80593],{},[32,80582,80583,80584],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80585,80586],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[32,80588,80589,80590],{},"then ",[15,80591,80592],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[32,80594,80589,80595],{},[15,80596,80597],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1127,80599,80601,80603],{"id":80600},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80602,39515],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80605,80606,80607,80609],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80608,39515],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[50,80611,80613],{"className":52,"code":80612,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80614,80615,80631,80641,80645,80669,80685,80689,80711,80715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80618,34839],{"class":887},[59,80620,80437],{"class":34842},[59,80622,139],{"class":73},[59,80624,354],{"class":37460},[59,80626,87],{"class":73},[59,80628,2577],{"class":37460},[59,80630,146],{"class":73},[59,80632,80633,80635,80637,80639],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80634,34850],{"class":120},[59,80636,44346],{"class":65},[59,80638,2084],{"class":69},[59,80640,519],{"class":65},[59,80642,80643],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80644,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80646,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80648,80466],{"class":65},[59,80650,70],{"class":69},[59,80652,74],{"class":73},[59,80654,187],{"class":178},[59,80656,87],{"class":73},[59,80658,3009],{"class":178},[59,80660,87],{"class":73},[59,80662,2469],{"class":178},[59,80664,87],{"class":73},[59,80666,2475],{"class":178},[59,80668,107],{"class":73},[59,80670,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,80672,80487],{"class":65},[59,80674,70],{"class":69},[59,80676,74],{"class":73},[59,80678,671],{"class":178},[59,80680,87],{"class":73},[59,80682,676],{"class":178},[59,80684,107],{"class":73},[59,80686,80687],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,80688,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80690,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,80692,692],{"class":65},[59,80694,70],{"class":69},[59,80696,79830],{"class":135},[59,80698,139],{"class":73},[59,80700,80520],{"class":142},[59,80702,87],{"class":73},[59,80704,80525],{"class":142},[59,80706,87],{"class":73},[59,80708,80530],{"class":142},[59,80710,165],{"class":73},[59,80712,80713],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,80714,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80716,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,80718,715],{"class":135},[59,80720,139],{"class":73},[59,80722,1651],{"class":697},[59,80724,139],{"class":73},[59,80726,720],{"class":142},[59,80728,710],{"class":73},[20,80730,168],{},[50,80732,80734],{"className":52,"code":80733,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80735,80736],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80737,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80739,3914],{"class":73},[59,80741,80564],{"class":178},[59,80743,87],{"class":73},[59,80745,80569],{"class":178},[59,80747,107],{"class":73},[20,80749,80750,80751,80754],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80752,80753],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[45,80756,80758,80760],{"id":80757},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80759,39515],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80762,37821,80763,80765],{},[15,80764,39515],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80767,80768,80769,80772],{},"This object is ",[549,80770,80771],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1127,80774,2506,80776,80778],{"id":80775},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80777,33015],{}," looks strange",[20,80780,33630],{},[50,80782,80784],{"className":52,"code":80783,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80785,80786,80806,80824,80828],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80789,664],{"class":65},[59,80791,70],{"class":69},[59,80793,74],{"class":73},[59,80795,187],{"class":178},[59,80797,87],{"class":73},[59,80799,3009],{"class":178},[59,80801,87],{"class":73},[59,80803,2469],{"class":178},[59,80805,107],{"class":73},[59,80807,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80809,692],{"class":65},[59,80811,70],{"class":69},[59,80813,79830],{"class":135},[59,80815,139],{"class":73},[59,80817,3460],{"class":697},[59,80819,87],{"class":73},[59,80821,4277],{"class":142},[59,80823,165],{"class":73},[59,80825,80826],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80827,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80829,80830,80832,80834,80836],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80831,715],{"class":135},[59,80833,139],{"class":73},[59,80835,720],{"class":142},[59,80837,165],{"class":73},[20,80839,80840],{},"Output will look something like this:",[50,80842,80844],{"className":52,"code":80843,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80845,80846],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80847,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80849,1769],{"class":69},[59,80851,39658],{"class":135},[59,80853,1774],{"class":697},[59,80855,1777],{"class":65},[59,80857,1781],{"class":1780},[59,80859,1785],{"class":1784},[59,80861,1788],{"class":69},[20,80863,80864],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80866,80867],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[50,80869,80871],{"className":52,"code":80870,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80872,80873,80893,80911,80915],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80874,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80876,664],{"class":65},[59,80878,70],{"class":69},[59,80880,74],{"class":73},[59,80882,187],{"class":178},[59,80884,87],{"class":73},[59,80886,3009],{"class":178},[59,80888,87],{"class":73},[59,80890,2469],{"class":178},[59,80892,107],{"class":73},[59,80894,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80896,692],{"class":65},[59,80898,70],{"class":69},[59,80900,79830],{"class":135},[59,80902,139],{"class":73},[59,80904,3460],{"class":697},[59,80906,87],{"class":73},[59,80908,4277],{"class":142},[59,80910,165],{"class":73},[59,80912,80913],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,80914,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,80916,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,80918,715],{"class":135},[59,80920,139],{"class":73},[59,80922,1651],{"class":697},[59,80924,139],{"class":73},[59,80926,720],{"class":142},[59,80928,710],{"class":73},[20,80930,168],{},[50,80932,80934],{"className":52,"code":80933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80935,80936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80937,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960,80962],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80939,3914],{"class":73},[59,80941,1725],{"class":77},[59,80943,187],{"class":81},[59,80945,1725],{"class":77},[59,80947,87],{"class":73},[59,80949,1734],{"class":77},[59,80951,195],{"class":81},[59,80953,1725],{"class":77},[59,80955,87],{"class":73},[59,80957,1734],{"class":77},[59,80959,950],{"class":81},[59,80961,1725],{"class":77},[59,80963,107],{"class":73},[1127,80965,80967],{"id":80966},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[50,80969,80971],{"className":52,"code":80970,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80972,80973,80993,81011,81015,81028],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,80974,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,80976,664],{"class":65},[59,80978,70],{"class":69},[59,80980,74],{"class":73},[59,80982,187],{"class":178},[59,80984,87],{"class":73},[59,80986,3009],{"class":178},[59,80988,87],{"class":73},[59,80990,2469],{"class":178},[59,80992,107],{"class":73},[59,80994,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,80996,692],{"class":65},[59,80998,70],{"class":69},[59,81000,79830],{"class":135},[59,81002,139],{"class":73},[59,81004,3460],{"class":697},[59,81006,87],{"class":73},[59,81008,4277],{"class":142},[59,81010,165],{"class":73},[59,81012,81013],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81014,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81016,81017,81019,81021,81023,81026],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81018,121],{"class":120},[59,81020,1288],{"class":65},[59,81022,132],{"class":120},[59,81024,81025],{"class":65}," result",[59,81027,1561],{"class":73},[59,81029,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,81031,152],{"class":135},[59,81033,139],{"class":73},[59,81035,23304],{"class":142},[59,81037,165],{"class":73},[20,81039,168],{},[50,81041,81043],{"className":52,"code":81042,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81044,81045,81049,81053],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81046,81047],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81048,46719],{"class":178},[59,81050,81051],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81052,17056],{"class":178},[59,81054,81055],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81056,46419],{"class":178},[1127,81058,81060],{"id":81059},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81062,81063],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[50,81065,81067],{"className":52,"code":81066,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81068,81069,81089,81107,81111,81125],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81070,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81072,664],{"class":65},[59,81074,70],{"class":69},[59,81076,74],{"class":73},[59,81078,187],{"class":178},[59,81080,87],{"class":73},[59,81082,3009],{"class":178},[59,81084,87],{"class":73},[59,81086,2469],{"class":178},[59,81088,107],{"class":73},[59,81090,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81092,692],{"class":65},[59,81094,70],{"class":69},[59,81096,79830],{"class":135},[59,81098,139],{"class":73},[59,81100,3460],{"class":697},[59,81102,87],{"class":73},[59,81104,4277],{"class":142},[59,81106,165],{"class":73},[59,81108,81109],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81110,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81114,715],{"class":135},[59,81116,139],{"class":73},[59,81118,1651],{"class":697},[59,81120,139],{"class":73},[59,81122,720],{"class":142},[59,81124,710],{"class":73},[59,81126,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,81128,715],{"class":135},[59,81130,139],{"class":73},[59,81132,1651],{"class":697},[59,81134,139],{"class":73},[59,81136,720],{"class":142},[59,81138,710],{"class":73},[20,81140,168],{},[50,81142,81144],{"className":52,"code":81143,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81145,81146,81174],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81147,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81149,3914],{"class":73},[59,81151,1725],{"class":77},[59,81153,187],{"class":81},[59,81155,1725],{"class":77},[59,81157,87],{"class":73},[59,81159,1734],{"class":77},[59,81161,195],{"class":81},[59,81163,1725],{"class":77},[59,81165,87],{"class":73},[59,81167,1734],{"class":77},[59,81169,950],{"class":81},[59,81171,1725],{"class":77},[59,81173,107],{"class":73},[59,81175,81176],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81177,38095],{"class":73},[20,81179,81180],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81182,81183],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[50,81185,81187],{"className":52,"code":81186,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81188,81189,81209,81231,81235,81245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81190,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81192,664],{"class":65},[59,81194,70],{"class":69},[59,81196,74],{"class":73},[59,81198,187],{"class":178},[59,81200,87],{"class":73},[59,81202,3009],{"class":178},[59,81204,87],{"class":73},[59,81206,2469],{"class":178},[59,81208,107],{"class":73},[59,81210,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81212,692],{"class":65},[59,81214,70],{"class":69},[59,81216,698],{"class":697},[59,81218,139],{"class":73},[59,81220,39658],{"class":135},[59,81222,139],{"class":73},[59,81224,3460],{"class":697},[59,81226,87],{"class":73},[59,81228,4277],{"class":142},[59,81230,710],{"class":73},[59,81232,81233],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81234,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81238,715],{"class":135},[59,81240,139],{"class":73},[59,81242,720],{"class":142},[59,81244,165],{"class":73},[59,81246,81247,81249,81251,81253],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,81248,715],{"class":135},[59,81250,139],{"class":73},[59,81252,720],{"class":142},[59,81254,165],{"class":73},[20,81256,168],{},[50,81258,81260],{"className":52,"code":81259,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81261,81262,81290],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81265,3914],{"class":73},[59,81267,1725],{"class":77},[59,81269,187],{"class":81},[59,81271,1725],{"class":77},[59,81273,87],{"class":73},[59,81275,1734],{"class":77},[59,81277,195],{"class":81},[59,81279,1725],{"class":77},[59,81281,87],{"class":73},[59,81283,1734],{"class":77},[59,81285,950],{"class":81},[59,81287,1725],{"class":77},[59,81289,107],{"class":73},[59,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81293,3914],{"class":73},[59,81295,1725],{"class":77},[59,81297,187],{"class":81},[59,81299,1725],{"class":77},[59,81301,87],{"class":73},[59,81303,1734],{"class":77},[59,81305,195],{"class":81},[59,81307,1725],{"class":77},[59,81309,87],{"class":73},[59,81311,1734],{"class":77},[59,81313,950],{"class":81},[59,81315,1725],{"class":77},[59,81317,107],{"class":73},[45,81319,776,81321],{"id":81320},"when-to-use-map",[15,81322,39515],{},[20,81324,81325,81327],{},[15,81326,39515],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81329,81330],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[29,81332,81333,81337,81341],{},[32,81334,81335],{},[15,81336,3460],{},[32,81338,81339],{},[15,81340,2209],{},[32,81342,81343],{},[15,81344,2042],{},[20,81346,239],{},[50,81348,81350],{"className":52,"code":81349,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81351,81352,81384,81406,81410],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81353,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81355,3837],{"class":65},[59,81357,70],{"class":69},[59,81359,74],{"class":73},[59,81361,1725],{"class":77},[59,81363,187],{"class":81},[59,81365,1725],{"class":77},[59,81367,87],{"class":73},[59,81369,1734],{"class":77},[59,81371,195],{"class":81},[59,81373,1725],{"class":77},[59,81375,87],{"class":73},[59,81377,1734],{"class":77},[59,81379,950],{"class":81},[59,81381,1725],{"class":77},[59,81383,107],{"class":73},[59,81385,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81387,664],{"class":65},[59,81389,70],{"class":69},[59,81391,698],{"class":697},[59,81393,139],{"class":73},[59,81395,39658],{"class":135},[59,81397,139],{"class":73},[59,81399,2209],{"class":697},[59,81401,87],{"class":73},[59,81403,3899],{"class":142},[59,81405,710],{"class":73},[59,81407,81408],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81409,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81411,81412,81414,81416,81418],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81413,715],{"class":135},[59,81415,139],{"class":73},[59,81417,707],{"class":142},[59,81419,165],{"class":73},[20,81421,168],{},[50,81423,81424],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,81425,81426],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81427,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81429,3914],{"class":73},[59,81431,187],{"class":178},[59,81433,87],{"class":73},[59,81435,3009],{"class":178},[59,81437,87],{"class":73},[59,81439,2469],{"class":178},[59,81441,107],{"class":73},[20,81443,81444],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81446,81447],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[50,81449,81451],{"className":52,"code":81450,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81452,81453,81473,81495],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81454,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81456,664],{"class":65},[59,81458,70],{"class":69},[59,81460,74],{"class":73},[59,81462,187],{"class":178},[59,81464,87],{"class":73},[59,81466,3009],{"class":178},[59,81468,87],{"class":73},[59,81470,2469],{"class":178},[59,81472,107],{"class":73},[59,81474,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81476,692],{"class":65},[59,81478,70],{"class":69},[59,81480,698],{"class":697},[59,81482,139],{"class":73},[59,81484,39658],{"class":135},[59,81486,139],{"class":73},[59,81488,3460],{"class":697},[59,81490,87],{"class":73},[59,81492,4277],{"class":142},[59,81494,710],{"class":73},[59,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81498,715],{"class":135},[59,81500,139],{"class":73},[59,81502,720],{"class":142},[59,81504,165],{"class":73},[50,81506,81508],{"className":52,"code":81507,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81509,81510,81530,81557],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81511,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81513,664],{"class":65},[59,81515,70],{"class":69},[59,81517,74],{"class":73},[59,81519,187],{"class":178},[59,81521,87],{"class":73},[59,81523,3009],{"class":178},[59,81525,87],{"class":73},[59,81527,2469],{"class":178},[59,81529,107],{"class":73},[59,81531,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81551,81553,81555],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81533,692],{"class":65},[59,81535,70],{"class":69},[59,81537,74],{"class":73},[59,81539,3460],{"class":697},[59,81541,139],{"class":73},[59,81543,75838],{"class":142},[59,81545,3675],{"class":73},[59,81547,958],{"class":120},[59,81549,81550],{"class":65}," n ",[59,81552,132],{"class":120},[59,81554,4277],{"class":65},[59,81556,107],{"class":73},[59,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81560,715],{"class":135},[59,81562,139],{"class":73},[59,81564,720],{"class":142},[59,81566,165],{"class":73},[20,81568,81569],{},"Both produce:",[50,81571,81572],{"className":52,"code":80933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,81573,81574],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81575,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81577,3914],{"class":73},[59,81579,1725],{"class":77},[59,81581,187],{"class":81},[59,81583,1725],{"class":77},[59,81585,87],{"class":73},[59,81587,1734],{"class":77},[59,81589,195],{"class":81},[59,81591,1725],{"class":77},[59,81593,87],{"class":73},[59,81595,1734],{"class":77},[59,81597,950],{"class":81},[59,81599,1725],{"class":77},[59,81601,107],{"class":73},[20,81603,81604],{},"A simple rule:",[29,81606,81607,81612,81617],{},[32,81608,39789,81609,81611],{},[15,81610,39515],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[32,81613,39795,81614,81616],{},[15,81615,121],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[32,81618,81619],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81621,81622,81623,358],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[354,81624,4407],{"href":4406},[45,81626,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,81628,81630,81631],{"id":81629},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81632,24773],{},[20,81634,81635],{},"This is very common:",[50,81637,81638],{"className":52,"code":80783,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,81639,81640,81660,81678,81682],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81643,664],{"class":65},[59,81645,70],{"class":69},[59,81647,74],{"class":73},[59,81649,187],{"class":178},[59,81651,87],{"class":73},[59,81653,3009],{"class":178},[59,81655,87],{"class":73},[59,81657,2469],{"class":178},[59,81659,107],{"class":73},[59,81661,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81663,692],{"class":65},[59,81665,70],{"class":69},[59,81667,79830],{"class":135},[59,81669,139],{"class":73},[59,81671,3460],{"class":697},[59,81673,87],{"class":73},[59,81675,4277],{"class":142},[59,81677,165],{"class":73},[59,81679,81680],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81681,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81683,81684,81686,81688,81690],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81685,715],{"class":135},[59,81687,139],{"class":73},[59,81689,720],{"class":142},[59,81691,165],{"class":73},[20,81693,81694],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81696,39060],{},[50,81698,81700],{"className":52,"code":81699,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81701,81702],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81703,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81705,715],{"class":135},[59,81707,139],{"class":73},[59,81709,1651],{"class":697},[59,81711,139],{"class":73},[59,81713,720],{"class":142},[59,81715,710],{"class":73},[1127,81717,81719],{"id":81718},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81721,16644],{},[50,81723,81725],{"className":52,"code":81724,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81726,81727,81747],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81728,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81730,664],{"class":65},[59,81732,70],{"class":69},[59,81734,74],{"class":73},[59,81736,187],{"class":178},[59,81738,87],{"class":73},[59,81740,3009],{"class":178},[59,81742,87],{"class":73},[59,81744,2469],{"class":178},[59,81746,107],{"class":73},[59,81748,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81762,81764],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81750,692],{"class":65},[59,81752,70],{"class":69},[59,81754,79830],{"class":135},[59,81756,139],{"class":73},[59,81758,3460],{"class":697},[59,81760,81761],{"class":73},"(),",[59,81763,4277],{"class":142},[59,81765,165],{"class":73},[20,81767,81768,81769,81771,81772,81774],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81770,47486],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81773,39515],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81776,16656],{},[50,81778,81779],{"className":52,"code":80870,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,81780,81781,81801,81819,81823],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81784,664],{"class":65},[59,81786,70],{"class":69},[59,81788,74],{"class":73},[59,81790,187],{"class":178},[59,81792,87],{"class":73},[59,81794,3009],{"class":178},[59,81796,87],{"class":73},[59,81798,2469],{"class":178},[59,81800,107],{"class":73},[59,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81804,692],{"class":65},[59,81806,70],{"class":69},[59,81808,79830],{"class":135},[59,81810,139],{"class":73},[59,81812,3460],{"class":697},[59,81814,87],{"class":73},[59,81816,4277],{"class":142},[59,81818,165],{"class":73},[59,81820,81821],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81822,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81824,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81826,715],{"class":135},[59,81828,139],{"class":73},[59,81830,1651],{"class":697},[59,81832,139],{"class":73},[59,81834,720],{"class":142},[59,81836,710],{"class":73},[1127,81838,81840],{"id":81839},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81842,81843],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81845,16644],{},[50,81847,81849],{"className":52,"code":81848,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81850,81851,81868,81878,81882,81902,81921,81925],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81852,81853,81855,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81854,34839],{"class":887},[59,81856,81857],{"class":34842}," add",[59,81859,139],{"class":73},[59,81861,354],{"class":37460},[59,81863,87],{"class":73},[59,81865,2577],{"class":37460},[59,81867,146],{"class":73},[59,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81871,34850],{"class":120},[59,81873,44346],{"class":65},[59,81875,2084],{"class":69},[59,81877,519],{"class":65},[59,81879,81880],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81881,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81883,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81885,664],{"class":65},[59,81887,70],{"class":69},[59,81889,74],{"class":73},[59,81891,187],{"class":178},[59,81893,87],{"class":73},[59,81895,3009],{"class":178},[59,81897,87],{"class":73},[59,81899,2469],{"class":178},[59,81901,107],{"class":73},[59,81903,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81915,81917,81919],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,81905,692],{"class":65},[59,81907,70],{"class":69},[59,81909,79830],{"class":135},[59,81911,139],{"class":73},[59,81913,81914],{"class":142},"add",[59,81916,87],{"class":73},[59,81918,4277],{"class":142},[59,81920,165],{"class":73},[59,81922,81923],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,81924,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81926,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,81928,715],{"class":135},[59,81930,139],{"class":73},[59,81932,1651],{"class":697},[59,81934,139],{"class":73},[59,81936,720],{"class":142},[59,81938,710],{"class":73},[20,81940,16656],{},[50,81942,81944],{"className":52,"code":81943,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81945,81946,81962,81972,81976,81996,82016,82038,82042],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,81949,34839],{"class":887},[59,81951,81857],{"class":34842},[59,81953,139],{"class":73},[59,81955,354],{"class":37460},[59,81957,87],{"class":73},[59,81959,2577],{"class":37460},[59,81961,146],{"class":73},[59,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,81965,34850],{"class":120},[59,81967,44346],{"class":65},[59,81969,2084],{"class":69},[59,81971,519],{"class":65},[59,81973,81974],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,81975,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,81977,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,81979,80466],{"class":65},[59,81981,70],{"class":69},[59,81983,74],{"class":73},[59,81985,187],{"class":178},[59,81987,87],{"class":73},[59,81989,3009],{"class":178},[59,81991,87],{"class":73},[59,81993,2469],{"class":178},[59,81995,107],{"class":73},[59,81997,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,81999,80487],{"class":65},[59,82001,70],{"class":69},[59,82003,74],{"class":73},[59,82005,671],{"class":178},[59,82007,87],{"class":73},[59,82009,676],{"class":178},[59,82011,87],{"class":73},[59,82013,681],{"class":178},[59,82015,107],{"class":73},[59,82017,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,82019,692],{"class":65},[59,82021,70],{"class":69},[59,82023,79830],{"class":135},[59,82025,139],{"class":73},[59,82027,81914],{"class":142},[59,82029,87],{"class":73},[59,82031,80525],{"class":142},[59,82033,87],{"class":73},[59,82035,80530],{"class":142},[59,82037,165],{"class":73},[59,82039,82040],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,82041,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,82045,715],{"class":135},[59,82047,139],{"class":73},[59,82049,1651],{"class":697},[59,82051,139],{"class":73},[59,82053,720],{"class":142},[59,82055,710],{"class":73},[1127,82057,82059],{"id":82058},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82061,16644],{},[50,82063,82064],{"className":52,"code":81066,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,82065,82066,82086,82104,82108,82122],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82069,664],{"class":65},[59,82071,70],{"class":69},[59,82073,74],{"class":73},[59,82075,187],{"class":178},[59,82077,87],{"class":73},[59,82079,3009],{"class":178},[59,82081,87],{"class":73},[59,82083,2469],{"class":178},[59,82085,107],{"class":73},[59,82087,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82089,692],{"class":65},[59,82091,70],{"class":69},[59,82093,79830],{"class":135},[59,82095,139],{"class":73},[59,82097,3460],{"class":697},[59,82099,87],{"class":73},[59,82101,4277],{"class":142},[59,82103,165],{"class":73},[59,82105,82106],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82107,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,82109,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,82111,715],{"class":135},[59,82113,139],{"class":73},[59,82115,1651],{"class":697},[59,82117,139],{"class":73},[59,82119,720],{"class":142},[59,82121,710],{"class":73},[59,82123,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,82125,715],{"class":135},[59,82127,139],{"class":73},[59,82129,1651],{"class":697},[59,82131,139],{"class":73},[59,82133,720],{"class":142},[59,82135,710],{"class":73},[20,82137,82138],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82140,82141],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[45,82143,67703],{"id":67702},[20,82145,8879,82146,82148],{},[15,82147,39515],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[50,82150,82152],{"className":52,"code":82151,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82153,82154,82164,82178,82192,82204],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82155,82156,82158,82160,82162],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82157,715],{"class":135},[59,82159,139],{"class":73},[59,82161,720],{"class":142},[59,82163,165],{"class":73},[59,82165,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82167,715],{"class":135},[59,82169,139],{"class":73},[59,82171,1651],{"class":697},[59,82173,139],{"class":73},[59,82175,720],{"class":142},[59,82177,710],{"class":73},[59,82179,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188,82190],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82181,715],{"class":135},[59,82183,139],{"class":73},[59,82185,3239],{"class":697},[59,82187,139],{"class":73},[59,82189,720],{"class":142},[59,82191,710],{"class":73},[59,82193,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,82195,121],{"class":120},[59,82197,1288],{"class":65},[59,82199,132],{"class":120},[59,82201,81025],{"class":65},[59,82203,1561],{"class":73},[59,82205,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,82207,152],{"class":135},[59,82209,139],{"class":73},[59,82211,23304],{"class":142},[59,82213,165],{"class":73},[20,82215,12675],{},[29,82217,82218,82223,82228,82234],{},[32,82219,82220,82222],{},[15,82221,33015],{}," shows that you have a map object",[32,82224,82225,82227],{},[15,82226,33023],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[32,82229,82230,82233],{},[15,82231,82232],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[32,82235,82236,82237,82239],{},"looping over ",[15,82238,720],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82241,82242,82243,82246,82247,82249],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82244,82245],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82248,121],{}," loop consume the map object.",[45,82251,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,82253,1882,82255,82257],{"id":82254},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82256,39515],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82259,82260,82261,82263,82264,23932],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82262,39515],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82265,82266],{},"list(map(...))",[1127,82268,14903,82270,82272,82273,82275],{"id":82269},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82271,39515],{}," better than a ",[15,82274,121],{}," loop?",[20,82277,82278,82279,82281,82282,82284],{},"Not always. ",[15,82280,39515],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82283,121],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1127,82286,1914,82288,82290],{"id":82287},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82289,39515],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82292,82293],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1127,82295,82297],{"id":82296},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82299,82300],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[45,82302,1927],{"id":1926},[29,82304,82305,82311,82317,82321,82325],{},[32,82306,82307],{},[354,82308,13,82309,536],{"href":39884},[15,82310,37373],{},[32,82312,82313],{},[354,82314,13,82315,536],{"href":64655},[15,82316,24773],{},[32,82318,82319],{},[354,82320,5231],{"href":5145},[32,82322,82323],{},[354,82324,5236],{"href":4406},[32,82326,82327],{},[354,82328,1951],{"href":5149},[1953,82330,82331],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":82333},[82334,82335,82337,82338,82339,82341,82346,82353,82355,82362,82363,82372],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":79909,"depth":110,"text":82336},"What map() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":80228,"depth":110,"text":82340},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80412,"depth":110,"text":82342,"children":82343},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82344],{"id":80600,"depth":117,"text":82345},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80757,"depth":110,"text":82347,"children":82348},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82349,82351,82352],{"id":80775,"depth":117,"text":82350},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80966,"depth":117,"text":80967},{"id":81059,"depth":117,"text":81060},{"id":81320,"depth":110,"text":82354},"When to use map()",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":82356},[82357,82359,82360,82361],{"id":81629,"depth":117,"text":82358},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81718,"depth":117,"text":81719},{"id":81839,"depth":117,"text":81840},{"id":82058,"depth":117,"text":82059},{"id":67702,"depth":110,"text":67703},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":82364},[82365,82367,82369,82371],{"id":82254,"depth":117,"text":82366},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82269,"depth":117,"text":82368},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82287,"depth":117,"text":82370},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82296,"depth":117,"text":82297},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79741,"description":82373},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82380,"title":82381,"body":82382,"description":84402,"extension":1988,"meta":84403,"navigation":113,"path":84404,"seo":84405,"stem":84406,"__hash__":84407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82383,"toc":84360},[82384,82390,82395,82398,82406,82409,82411,82535,82537,82555,82557,82577,82582,82586,82600,82603,82606,82608,82613,82725,82728,82746,82752,82755,82817,82819,82828,82831,82845,82847,82895,82897,82906,82916,82922,82925,82952,82954,82962,82965,82968,83038,83040,83048,83051,83056,83061,83112,83114,83122,83125,83127,83144,83146,83198,83201,83207,83211,83216,83219,83223,83282,83284,83293,83299,83308,83312,83375,83377,83385,83390,83394,83399,83479,83481,83490,83497,83502,83507,83510,83545,83547,83555,83558,83564,83566,83616,83618,83627,83630,83648,83650,83655,83661,83668,83695,83697,83720,83725,83760,83765,83771,83776,83819,83822,83825,83864,83871,83877,83882,83897,83901,83908,83911,83915,83920,83924,83929,83931,83992,83994,84023,84028,84035,84044,84046,84049,84074,84076,84179,84182,84200,84209,84211,84216,84219,84225,84228,84230,84240,84246,84250,84308,84315,84323,84325,84357],[10,82385,13,82387,18],{"id":82386},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82388,82389],{},"max()",[20,82391,9127,82392,82394],{},[15,82393,82389],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82396,82397],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[29,82399,82400,82403],{},[32,82401,82402],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[32,82404,82405],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82407,82408],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[45,82410,48],{"id":47},[50,82412,82414],{"className":52,"code":82413,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82415,82416,82440,82455,82459,82485,82489,82521],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82417,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82419,664],{"class":65},[59,82421,70],{"class":69},[59,82423,74],{"class":73},[59,82425,950],{"class":178},[59,82427,87],{"class":73},[59,82429,6366],{"class":178},[59,82431,87],{"class":73},[59,82433,3009],{"class":178},[59,82435,87],{"class":73},[59,82437,4621],{"class":178},[59,82439,107],{"class":73},[59,82441,82442,82444,82446,82449,82451,82453],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82443,715],{"class":135},[59,82445,139],{"class":73},[59,82447,82448],{"class":135},"max",[59,82450,139],{"class":73},[59,82452,707],{"class":142},[59,82454,710],{"class":73},[59,82456,82457],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82458,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,82460,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,82462,715],{"class":135},[59,82464,139],{"class":73},[59,82466,82448],{"class":135},[59,82468,139],{"class":73},[59,82470,950],{"class":178},[59,82472,87],{"class":73},[59,82474,6366],{"class":178},[59,82476,87],{"class":73},[59,82478,3009],{"class":178},[59,82480,87],{"class":73},[59,82482,4621],{"class":178},[59,82484,710],{"class":73},[59,82486,82487],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,82488,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,82490,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,82492,4085],{"class":65},[59,82494,70],{"class":69},[59,82496,74],{"class":73},[59,82498,78],{"class":77},[59,82500,588],{"class":81},[59,82502,78],{"class":77},[59,82504,87],{"class":73},[59,82506,90],{"class":77},[59,82508,597],{"class":81},[59,82510,78],{"class":77},[59,82512,87],{"class":73},[59,82514,90],{"class":77},[59,82516,78552],{"class":81},[59,82518,78],{"class":77},[59,82520,107],{"class":73},[59,82522,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,82524,715],{"class":135},[59,82526,139],{"class":73},[59,82528,82448],{"class":135},[59,82530,139],{"class":73},[59,82532,4127],{"class":142},[59,82534,710],{"class":73},[20,82536,168],{},[50,82538,82540],{"className":52,"code":82539,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82541,82542,82546,82550],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82543,82544],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82545,2398],{"class":178},[59,82547,82548],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82549,2398],{"class":178},[59,82551,82552],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82553,82554],{"class":65},"pear\n",[20,82556,19956],{},[29,82558,82559,82565,82571],{},[32,82560,82561,82564],{},[15,82562,82563],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[32,82566,82567,82570],{},[15,82568,82569],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[32,82572,82573,82576],{},[15,82574,82575],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[45,82578,208,82580,211],{"id":82579},"what-max-does",[15,82581,82389],{},[20,82583,82584,1002],{},[15,82585,82389],{},[29,82587,82588,82591,82594,82597],{},[32,82589,82590],{},"Returns the largest item",[32,82592,82593],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[32,82595,82596],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[32,82598,82599],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82601,82602],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82604,82605],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[45,82607,362],{"id":361},[20,82609,82610,82611,1002],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82612,82389],{},[50,82614,82616],{"className":52,"code":82615,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82617,82618,82628,82652,82674,82697],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82619,82620,82622,82624,82626],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82621,82448],{"class":135},[59,82623,139],{"class":73},[59,82625,380],{"class":142},[59,82627,165],{"class":73},[59,82629,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82641,82643,82645,82647,82650],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82631,82448],{"class":135},[59,82633,139],{"class":73},[59,82635,380],{"class":142},[59,82637,87],{"class":73},[59,82639,82640],{"class":69}," *",[59,82642,87],{"class":73},[59,82644,21578],{"class":385},[59,82646,70],{"class":69},[59,82648,82649],{"class":142},"func",[59,82651,165],{"class":73},[59,82653,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82655,82448],{"class":135},[59,82657,139],{"class":73},[59,82659,380],{"class":142},[59,82661,87],{"class":73},[59,82663,82640],{"class":69},[59,82665,87],{"class":73},[59,82667,26513],{"class":385},[59,82669,70],{"class":69},[59,82671,1217],{"class":142},[59,82673,165],{"class":73},[59,82675,82676,82678,82680,82683,82685,82688,82690,82692,82695],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,82677,82448],{"class":135},[59,82679,139],{"class":73},[59,82681,82682],{"class":142},"arg1",[59,82684,87],{"class":73},[59,82686,82687],{"class":142}," arg2",[59,82689,87],{"class":73},[59,82691,82640],{"class":69},[59,82693,82694],{"class":142},"args",[59,82696,165],{"class":73},[59,82698,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82721,82723],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,82700,82448],{"class":135},[59,82702,139],{"class":73},[59,82704,82682],{"class":142},[59,82706,87],{"class":73},[59,82708,82687],{"class":142},[59,82710,87],{"class":73},[59,82712,82640],{"class":69},[59,82714,82694],{"class":142},[59,82716,87],{"class":73},[59,82718,21578],{"class":385},[59,82720,70],{"class":69},[59,82722,82649],{"class":142},[59,82724,165],{"class":73},[20,82726,82727],{},"The most important parts are:",[29,82729,82730,82735,82740],{},[32,82731,82732,82734],{},[15,82733,380],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[32,82736,82737,82739],{},[15,82738,14841],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[32,82741,82742,82745],{},[15,82743,82744],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[45,82747,1599,82749,82751],{"id":82748},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82750,82389],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82753,82754],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[50,82756,82758],{"className":52,"code":82757,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82759,82760,82786,82802,82806],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82761,82762,82764,82766,82768,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82784],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82763,5077],{"class":65},[59,82765,70],{"class":69},[59,82767,74],{"class":73},[59,82769,82770],{"class":178},"72",[59,82772,87],{"class":73},[59,82774,51314],{"class":178},[59,82776,87],{"class":73},[59,82778,13506],{"class":178},[59,82780,87],{"class":73},[59,82782,82783],{"class":178}," 66",[59,82785,107],{"class":73},[59,82787,82788,82791,82793,82796,82798,82800],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82789,82790],{"class":65},"highest_score ",[59,82792,70],{"class":69},[59,82794,82795],{"class":135}," max",[59,82797,139],{"class":73},[59,82799,16389],{"class":142},[59,82801,165],{"class":73},[59,82803,82804],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82805,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,82807,82808,82810,82812,82815],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,82809,715],{"class":135},[59,82811,139],{"class":73},[59,82813,82814],{"class":142},"highest_score",[59,82816,165],{"class":73},[20,82818,168],{},[50,82820,82822],{"className":52,"code":82821,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"91\n",[15,82823,82824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82825,82826],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82827,82821],{"class":178},[20,82829,82830],{},"This works well for:",[29,82832,82833,82836,82839,82842],{},[32,82834,82835],{},"Scores",[32,82837,82838],{},"Prices",[32,82840,82841],{},"Ages",[32,82843,82844],{},"Counts",[20,82846,51884],{},[50,82848,82850],{"className":52,"code":82849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82851,82852,82880],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82853,82854,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82868,82870,82873,82875,82878],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82855,82856],{"class":65},"prices ",[59,82858,70],{"class":69},[59,82860,74],{"class":73},[59,82862,40197],{"class":178},[59,82864,87],{"class":73},[59,82866,82867],{"class":178}," 5.50",[59,82869,87],{"class":73},[59,82871,82872],{"class":178}," 12.75",[59,82874,87],{"class":73},[59,82876,82877],{"class":178}," 29.00",[59,82879,107],{"class":73},[59,82881,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82893],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82883,715],{"class":135},[59,82885,139],{"class":73},[59,82887,82448],{"class":135},[59,82889,139],{"class":73},[59,82891,82892],{"class":142},"prices",[59,82894,710],{"class":73},[20,82896,168],{},[50,82898,82900],{"className":52,"code":82899,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"29.0\n",[15,82901,82902],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82903,82904],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82905,82899],{"class":178},[20,82907,82908,82909,82911,82912,358],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82910,82389],{}," is simpler than ",[354,82913,82914],{"href":74329},[15,82915,74232],{},[45,82917,1599,82919,82921],{"id":82918},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82920,82389],{}," with separate values",[20,82923,82924],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[50,82926,82928],{"className":52,"code":82927,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82929,82930],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82931,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944,82946,82948,82950],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82933,715],{"class":135},[59,82935,139],{"class":73},[59,82937,82448],{"class":135},[59,82939,139],{"class":73},[59,82941,2522],{"class":178},[59,82943,87],{"class":73},[59,82945,30931],{"class":178},[59,82947,87],{"class":73},[59,82949,6000],{"class":178},[59,82951,710],{"class":73},[20,82953,168],{},[50,82955,82956],{"className":52,"code":2244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,82957,82958],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82959,82960],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82961,2244],{"class":178},[20,82963,82964],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82966,82967],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[50,82969,82971],{"className":52,"code":82970,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82972,82973,82982,82990,83000,83004,83027],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,82974,82975,82977,82979],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,82976,2572],{"class":65},[59,82978,70],{"class":69},[59,82980,82981],{"class":178}," 15\n",[59,82983,82984,82986,82988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,82985,2600],{"class":65},[59,82987,70],{"class":69},[59,82989,2787],{"class":178},[59,82991,82992,82995,82997],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,82993,82994],{"class":65},"c ",[59,82996,70],{"class":69},[59,82998,82999],{"class":178}," 27\n",[59,83001,83002],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,83003,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,83005,83006,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,83007,83008],{"class":65},"largest ",[59,83010,70],{"class":69},[59,83012,82795],{"class":135},[59,83014,139],{"class":73},[59,83016,354],{"class":142},[59,83018,87],{"class":73},[59,83020,2577],{"class":142},[59,83022,87],{"class":73},[59,83024,9682],{"class":142},[59,83026,165],{"class":73},[59,83028,83029,83031,83033,83036],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,83030,715],{"class":135},[59,83032,139],{"class":73},[59,83034,83035],{"class":142},"largest",[59,83037,165],{"class":73},[20,83039,168],{},[50,83041,83042],{"className":52,"code":46414,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,83043,83044],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83045,83046],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83047,46414],{"class":178},[20,83049,83050],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[45,83052,1599,83054,46861],{"id":83053},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83055,82389],{},[20,83057,83058,83060],{},[15,83059,82389],{}," can compare strings too.",[50,83062,83064],{"className":52,"code":83063,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83065,83066,83098],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83067,83068,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83069,4085],{"class":65},[59,83071,70],{"class":69},[59,83073,74],{"class":73},[59,83075,78],{"class":77},[59,83077,588],{"class":81},[59,83079,78],{"class":77},[59,83081,87],{"class":73},[59,83083,90],{"class":77},[59,83085,597],{"class":81},[59,83087,78],{"class":77},[59,83089,87],{"class":73},[59,83091,90],{"class":77},[59,83093,78552],{"class":81},[59,83095,78],{"class":77},[59,83097,107],{"class":73},[59,83099,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83101,715],{"class":135},[59,83103,139],{"class":73},[59,83105,82448],{"class":135},[59,83107,139],{"class":73},[59,83109,4127],{"class":142},[59,83111,710],{"class":73},[20,83113,168],{},[50,83115,83116],{"className":52,"code":82554,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,83117,83118],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83119,83120],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83121,82554],{"class":65},[20,83123,83124],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83126,68091],{},[29,83128,83129,83138,83141],{},[32,83130,83131,83134,83135,83137],{},[15,83132,83133],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83136,65082],{}," alphabetically",[32,83139,83140],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[32,83142,83143],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83145,239],{},[50,83147,83149],{"className":52,"code":83148,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83150,83151,83184],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83152,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83172,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83154,4085],{"class":65},[59,83156,70],{"class":69},[59,83158,74],{"class":73},[59,83160,78],{"class":77},[59,83162,588],{"class":81},[59,83164,78],{"class":77},[59,83166,87],{"class":73},[59,83168,90],{"class":77},[59,83170,83171],{"class":81},"Banana",[59,83173,78],{"class":77},[59,83175,87],{"class":73},[59,83177,90],{"class":77},[59,83179,78552],{"class":81},[59,83181,78],{"class":77},[59,83183,107],{"class":73},[59,83185,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83187,715],{"class":135},[59,83189,139],{"class":73},[59,83191,82448],{"class":135},[59,83193,139],{"class":73},[59,83195,4127],{"class":142},[59,83197,710],{"class":73},[20,83199,83200],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83202,83203,83204,83206],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83205,14841],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[45,83208,984,83209,987],{"id":78510},[15,83210,14841],{},[20,83212,2005,83213,83215],{},[15,83214,14841],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83217,83218],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1127,83220,83222],{"id":83221},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[50,83224,83226],{"className":52,"code":83225,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83227,83228,83260],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83229,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83231,4085],{"class":65},[59,83233,70],{"class":69},[59,83235,74],{"class":73},[59,83237,78],{"class":77},[59,83239,1439],{"class":81},[59,83241,78],{"class":77},[59,83243,87],{"class":73},[59,83245,90],{"class":77},[59,83247,68134],{"class":81},[59,83249,78],{"class":77},[59,83251,87],{"class":73},[59,83253,90],{"class":77},[59,83255,57933],{"class":81},[59,83257,78],{"class":77},[59,83259,107],{"class":73},[59,83261,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83263,715],{"class":135},[59,83265,139],{"class":73},[59,83267,82448],{"class":135},[59,83269,139],{"class":73},[59,83271,4127],{"class":142},[59,83273,87],{"class":73},[59,83275,21578],{"class":385},[59,83277,70],{"class":69},[59,83279,11163],{"class":135},[59,83281,710],{"class":73},[20,83283,168],{},[50,83285,83287],{"className":52,"code":83286,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"elephant\n",[15,83288,83289],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83290,83291],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83292,83286],{"class":65},[20,83294,20770,83295,83298],{},[15,83296,83297],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83300,83301,83302,33616,83304,358],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83303,42161],{},[354,83305,83306,5791],{"href":42158},[15,83307,42161],{},[1127,83309,83311],{"id":83310},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[50,83313,83315],{"className":52,"code":83314,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83316,83317,83349],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83318,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83320,4085],{"class":65},[59,83322,70],{"class":69},[59,83324,74],{"class":73},[59,83326,78],{"class":77},[59,83328,588],{"class":81},[59,83330,78],{"class":77},[59,83332,87],{"class":73},[59,83334,90],{"class":77},[59,83336,83171],{"class":81},[59,83338,78],{"class":77},[59,83340,87],{"class":73},[59,83342,90],{"class":77},[59,83344,78552],{"class":81},[59,83346,78],{"class":77},[59,83348,107],{"class":73},[59,83350,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83352,715],{"class":135},[59,83354,139],{"class":73},[59,83356,82448],{"class":135},[59,83358,139],{"class":73},[59,83360,4127],{"class":142},[59,83362,87],{"class":73},[59,83364,21578],{"class":385},[59,83366,70],{"class":69},[59,83368,3460],{"class":697},[59,83370,358],{"class":73},[59,83372,8644],{"class":929},[59,83374,710],{"class":73},[20,83376,168],{},[50,83378,83379],{"className":52,"code":82554,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,83380,83381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83382,83383],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83384,82554],{"class":65},[20,83386,20770,83387,83389],{},[15,83388,78506],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1127,83391,83393],{"id":83392},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83395,83396,83397,1002],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83398,37457],{},[50,83400,83402],{"className":52,"code":83401,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83403,83404,83447],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83405,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83425,83427,83429,83431,83434,83436,83438,83440,83443,83445],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83407,1251],{"class":65},[59,83409,70],{"class":69},[59,83411,74],{"class":73},[59,83413,78],{"class":77},[59,83415,354],{"class":81},[59,83417,78],{"class":77},[59,83419,87],{"class":73},[59,83421,90],{"class":77},[59,83423,83424],{"class":81},"bb",[59,83426,78],{"class":77},[59,83428,87],{"class":73},[59,83430,90],{"class":77},[59,83432,83433],{"class":81},"cccc",[59,83435,78],{"class":77},[59,83437,87],{"class":73},[59,83439,90],{"class":77},[59,83441,83442],{"class":81},"ddd",[59,83444,78],{"class":77},[59,83446,107],{"class":73},[59,83448,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83450,715],{"class":135},[59,83452,139],{"class":73},[59,83454,82448],{"class":135},[59,83456,139],{"class":73},[59,83458,1297],{"class":142},[59,83460,87],{"class":73},[59,83462,21578],{"class":385},[59,83464,70],{"class":69},[59,83466,37457],{"class":887},[59,83468,42642],{"class":37460},[59,83470,1002],{"class":73},[59,83472,38184],{"class":135},[59,83474,139],{"class":73},[59,83476,34696],{"class":142},[59,83478,1706],{"class":73},[20,83480,168],{},[50,83482,83484],{"className":52,"code":83483,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"cccc\n",[15,83485,83486],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83487,83488],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83489,83483],{"class":65},[20,83491,49353,83492,4408,83494,83496],{},[15,83493,83297],{},[15,83495,78393],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[45,83498,984,83500,987],{"id":83499},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83501,82744],{},[20,83503,2005,83504,83506],{},[15,83505,82744],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83508,83509],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[50,83511,83513],{"className":52,"code":83512,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83514,83515,83523],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83516,83517,83519,83521],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83518,664],{"class":65},[59,83520,70],{"class":69},[59,83522,7844],{"class":73},[59,83524,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83526,715],{"class":135},[59,83528,139],{"class":73},[59,83530,82448],{"class":135},[59,83532,139],{"class":73},[59,83534,707],{"class":142},[59,83536,87],{"class":73},[59,83538,26513],{"class":385},[59,83540,70],{"class":69},[59,83542,179],{"class":178},[59,83544,710],{"class":73},[20,83546,168],{},[50,83548,83549],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,83550,83551],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83552,83553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83554,47054],{"class":178},[20,83556,83557],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83559,83560,83561,83563],{},"Without ",[15,83562,82744],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83565,51884],{},[50,83567,83569],{"className":52,"code":83568,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83570,83571,83579,83606],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83572,83573,83575,83577],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83574,4085],{"class":65},[59,83576,70],{"class":69},[59,83578,7844],{"class":73},[59,83580,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83602,83604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83582,692],{"class":65},[59,83584,70],{"class":69},[59,83586,82795],{"class":135},[59,83588,139],{"class":73},[59,83590,4127],{"class":142},[59,83592,87],{"class":73},[59,83594,26513],{"class":385},[59,83596,70],{"class":69},[59,83598,78],{"class":77},[59,83600,83601],{"class":81},"no words found",[59,83603,78],{"class":77},[59,83605,165],{"class":73},[59,83607,83608,83610,83612,83614],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,83609,715],{"class":135},[59,83611,139],{"class":73},[59,83613,720],{"class":142},[59,83615,165],{"class":73},[20,83617,168],{},[50,83619,83621],{"className":52,"code":83620,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"no words found\n",[15,83622,83623],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83624,83625],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83626,83620],{"class":65},[20,83628,83629],{},"Important:",[29,83631,83632,83640],{},[32,83633,83634,83636,83637],{},[15,83635,82744],{}," works with ",[15,83638,83639],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[32,83641,40705,83642,83644,83645],{},[549,83643,4647],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83646,83647],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[45,83649,47789],{"id":47788},[20,83651,83652,83653,358],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83654,82389],{},[1127,83656,83658,83660],{"id":83657},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83659,40503],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83662,83663,83664,45710,83666,358],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83665,82744],{},[15,83667,40503],{},[50,83669,83671],{"className":52,"code":83670,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83672,83673,83681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83674,83675,83677,83679],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83676,664],{"class":65},[59,83678,70],{"class":69},[59,83680,7844],{"class":73},[59,83682,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83684,715],{"class":135},[59,83686,139],{"class":73},[59,83688,82448],{"class":135},[59,83690,139],{"class":73},[59,83692,707],{"class":142},[59,83694,710],{"class":73},[20,83696,29669],{},[50,83698,83700],{"className":52,"code":83699,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83701,83702],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83703,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83715,83717],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83705,40503],{"class":697},[59,83707,1002],{"class":73},[59,83709,82795],{"class":135},[59,83711,7373],{"class":73},[59,83713,83714],{"class":65}," arg ",[59,83716,12196],{"class":69},[59,83718,83719],{"class":65}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83721,83722,83723,1002],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83724,82744],{},[50,83726,83728],{"className":52,"code":83727,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83729,83730,83738],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83731,83732,83734,83736],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83733,664],{"class":65},[59,83735,70],{"class":69},[59,83737,7844],{"class":73},[59,83739,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83741,715],{"class":135},[59,83743,139],{"class":73},[59,83745,82448],{"class":135},[59,83747,139],{"class":73},[59,83749,707],{"class":142},[59,83751,87],{"class":73},[59,83753,26513],{"class":385},[59,83755,70],{"class":69},[59,83757,3792],{"class":3867},[59,83759,710],{"class":73},[20,83761,83762,83763,358],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[354,83764,65647],{"href":72686},[1127,83766,83768,83770],{"id":83767},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83769,3021],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83772,83773,83774,358],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83775,3021],{},[50,83777,83779],{"className":52,"code":83778,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83780,83781,83805],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83782,83783,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83784,1251],{"class":65},[59,83786,70],{"class":69},[59,83788,74],{"class":73},[59,83790,671],{"class":178},[59,83792,87],{"class":73},[59,83794,90],{"class":77},[59,83796,1222],{"class":81},[59,83798,78],{"class":77},[59,83800,87],{"class":73},[59,83802,681],{"class":178},[59,83804,107],{"class":73},[59,83806,83807,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83808,715],{"class":135},[59,83810,139],{"class":73},[59,83812,82448],{"class":135},[59,83814,139],{"class":73},[59,83816,1297],{"class":142},[59,83818,710],{"class":73},[20,83820,83821],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83823,83824],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[50,83826,83828],{"className":52,"code":83827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83829,83830,83850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83831,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83833,1251],{"class":65},[59,83835,70],{"class":69},[59,83837,74],{"class":73},[59,83839,671],{"class":178},[59,83841,87],{"class":73},[59,83843,676],{"class":178},[59,83845,87],{"class":73},[59,83847,681],{"class":178},[59,83849,107],{"class":73},[59,83851,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83853,715],{"class":135},[59,83855,139],{"class":73},[59,83857,82448],{"class":135},[59,83859,139],{"class":73},[59,83861,1297],{"class":142},[59,83863,710],{"class":73},[20,83865,83866,83867,358],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[354,83868,83870],{"href":83869},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1127,83872,83874,83876],{"id":83873},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83875,3021],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83878,83879,83881],{},[15,83880,82389],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[50,83883,83885],{"className":52,"code":83884,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(max())\n",[15,83886,83887],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83888,83889,83891,83893,83895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83890,715],{"class":135},[59,83892,139],{"class":73},[59,83894,82448],{"class":135},[59,83896,7201],{"class":73},[20,83898,3018,83899,358],{},[15,83900,3021],{},[45,83902,83904,10586,83906],{"id":83903},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83905,82389],{},[15,83907,74232],{},[20,83909,83910],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83912,83913,1002],{},[15,83914,82389],{},[29,83916,83917],{},[32,83918,83919],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83921,83922,1002],{},[15,83923,74232],{},[29,83925,83926],{},[32,83927,83928],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83930,239],{},[50,83932,83934],{"className":52,"code":83933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83935,83936,83960,83964,83978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,83937,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,83939,664],{"class":65},[59,83941,70],{"class":69},[59,83943,74],{"class":73},[59,83945,950],{"class":178},[59,83947,87],{"class":73},[59,83949,6366],{"class":178},[59,83951,87],{"class":73},[59,83953,3009],{"class":178},[59,83955,87],{"class":73},[59,83957,4621],{"class":178},[59,83959,107],{"class":73},[59,83961,83962],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,83963,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,83965,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,83967,715],{"class":135},[59,83969,139],{"class":73},[59,83971,82448],{"class":135},[59,83973,139],{"class":73},[59,83975,707],{"class":142},[59,83977,710],{"class":73},[59,83979,83980,83982,83984,83986,83988,83990],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,83981,715],{"class":135},[59,83983,139],{"class":73},[59,83985,74322],{"class":135},[59,83987,139],{"class":73},[59,83989,707],{"class":142},[59,83991,710],{"class":73},[20,83993,168],{},[50,83995,83997],{"className":52,"code":83996,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83998,83999,84003],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84000,84001],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84002,2398],{"class":178},[59,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84006,3914],{"class":73},[59,84008,195],{"class":178},[59,84010,87],{"class":73},[59,84012,2469],{"class":178},[59,84014,87],{"class":73},[59,84016,4621],{"class":178},[59,84018,87],{"class":73},[59,84020,6366],{"class":178},[59,84022,107],{"class":73},[20,84024,201,84025,84027],{},[15,84026,82389],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84029,201,84030,84034],{},[354,84031,84032],{"href":74329},[15,84033,74232],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84036,84037,84038,358],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[354,84039,84041],{"href":84040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84042,84043],{},"min()",[45,84045,1579],{"id":1578},[20,84047,84048],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[29,84050,84051,84058,84061,84066,84069],{},[32,84052,29638,84053,84055,84056],{},[15,84054,82389],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84057,82744],{},[32,84059,84060],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[32,84062,8456,84063,84065],{},[15,84064,82389],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[32,84067,84068],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[32,84070,1599,84071,84073],{},[15,84072,82744],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84075,11114],{},[50,84077,84079],{"className":52,"code":84078,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84080,84081,84091,84105,84119,84133,84155],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84082,84083,84085,84087,84089],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84084,715],{"class":135},[59,84086,139],{"class":73},[59,84088,1297],{"class":142},[59,84090,165],{"class":73},[59,84092,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84094,715],{"class":135},[59,84096,139],{"class":73},[59,84098,3239],{"class":697},[59,84100,139],{"class":73},[59,84102,1297],{"class":142},[59,84104,710],{"class":73},[59,84106,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,84108,715],{"class":135},[59,84110,139],{"class":73},[59,84112,11163],{"class":135},[59,84114,139],{"class":73},[59,84116,1297],{"class":142},[59,84118,710],{"class":73},[59,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,84122,715],{"class":135},[59,84124,139],{"class":73},[59,84126,82448],{"class":135},[59,84128,139],{"class":73},[59,84130,1297],{"class":142},[59,84132,710],{"class":73},[59,84134,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,84136,715],{"class":135},[59,84138,139],{"class":73},[59,84140,82448],{"class":135},[59,84142,139],{"class":73},[59,84144,1297],{"class":142},[59,84146,87],{"class":73},[59,84148,26513],{"class":385},[59,84150,70],{"class":69},[59,84152,3792],{"class":3867},[59,84154,710],{"class":73},[59,84156,84157,84159,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,84158,715],{"class":135},[59,84160,1629],{"class":73},[59,84162,3239],{"class":697},[59,84164,139],{"class":73},[59,84166,1260],{"class":142},[59,84168,3675],{"class":73},[59,84170,958],{"class":120},[59,84172,3894],{"class":142},[59,84174,132],{"class":120},[59,84176,5972],{"class":142},[59,84178,3902],{"class":73},[20,84180,84181],{},"These are useful for checking:",[29,84183,84184,84189,84194,84197],{},[32,84185,84186,84187],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84188,1297],{},[32,84190,79559,84191,84193],{},[15,84192,1297],{}," is a list or some other type",[32,84195,84196],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[32,84198,84199],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84201,69155,84202,84205,84206,84208],{},[15,84203,84204],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84207,1297],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[45,84210,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,84212,1872,84214,1875],{"id":84213},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84215,82389],{},[20,84217,84218],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1127,84220,1914,84222,84224],{"id":84221},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84223,82389],{}," work with strings?",[20,84226,84227],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1127,84229,71454],{"id":71453},[20,84231,84232,52299,84234,84236,84237,84239],{},[15,84233,82389],{},[15,84235,40503],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84238,82744],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1127,84241,84243,84244,1905],{"id":84242},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84245,82389],{},[20,84247,201,84248,1002],{},[15,84249,83297],{},[50,84251,84252],{"className":52,"code":83225,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,84253,84254,84286],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84255,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84257,4085],{"class":65},[59,84259,70],{"class":69},[59,84261,74],{"class":73},[59,84263,78],{"class":77},[59,84265,1439],{"class":81},[59,84267,78],{"class":77},[59,84269,87],{"class":73},[59,84271,90],{"class":77},[59,84273,68134],{"class":81},[59,84275,78],{"class":77},[59,84277,87],{"class":73},[59,84279,90],{"class":77},[59,84281,57933],{"class":81},[59,84283,78],{"class":77},[59,84285,107],{"class":73},[59,84287,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84289,715],{"class":135},[59,84291,139],{"class":73},[59,84293,82448],{"class":135},[59,84295,139],{"class":73},[59,84297,4127],{"class":142},[59,84299,87],{"class":73},[59,84301,21578],{"class":385},[59,84303,70],{"class":69},[59,84305,11163],{"class":135},[59,84307,710],{"class":73},[1127,84309,5190,84311,4408,84313,1905],{"id":84310},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84312,82389],{},[15,84314,74232],{},[20,84316,84317,84319,84320,84322],{},[15,84318,82389],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84321,74232],{}," returns all items in order.",[45,84324,1927],{"id":1926},[29,84326,84327,84333,84339,84345,84349,84353],{},[32,84328,84329],{},[354,84330,84331,536],{"href":84040},[15,84332,84043],{},[32,84334,84335],{},[354,84336,84337,536],{"href":74329},[15,84338,74232],{},[32,84340,84341],{},[354,84342,84343,536],{"href":42158},[15,84344,42161],{},[32,84346,84347],{},[354,84348,58762],{"href":58761},[32,84350,84351],{},[354,84352,65647],{"href":72686},[32,84354,84355],{},[354,84356,83870],{"href":83869},[1953,84358,84359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":84361},[84362,84363,84365,84366,84368,84370,84372,84377,84379,84387,84389,84390,84401],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":82579,"depth":110,"text":84364},"What max() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":82748,"depth":110,"text":84367},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82918,"depth":110,"text":84369},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83053,"depth":110,"text":84371},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78510,"depth":110,"text":79708,"children":84373},[84374,84375,84376],{"id":83221,"depth":117,"text":83222},{"id":83310,"depth":117,"text":83311},{"id":83392,"depth":117,"text":83393},{"id":83499,"depth":110,"text":84378},"Using the default argument",{"id":47788,"depth":110,"text":47789,"children":84380},[84381,84383,84385],{"id":83657,"depth":117,"text":84382},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83767,"depth":117,"text":84384},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83873,"depth":117,"text":84386},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83903,"depth":110,"text":84388},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":84391},[84392,84394,84396,84397,84399],{"id":84213,"depth":117,"text":84393},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84221,"depth":117,"text":84395},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71453,"depth":117,"text":71454},{"id":84242,"depth":117,"text":84398},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84310,"depth":117,"text":84400},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82381,"description":84402},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84409,"title":84410,"body":84411,"description":86365,"extension":1988,"meta":86366,"navigation":113,"path":86367,"seo":86368,"stem":86369,"__hash__":86370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84412,"toc":86322},[84413,84418,84423,84429,84431,84505,84507,84520,84525,84530,84546,84550,84555,84631,84637,84640,84683,84685,84693,84699,84702,84733,84735,84743,84749,84754,84813,84815,84824,84827,84837,84843,84848,84883,84885,84893,84899,84905,84910,84954,84956,84965,84968,85008,85010,85019,85022,85034,85039,85044,85095,85097,85106,85109,85160,85162,85171,85174,85181,85187,85192,85194,85209,85213,85273,85275,85284,85288,85460,85462,85499,85506,85512,85515,85542,85544,85565,85570,85605,85607,85615,85618,85621,85637,85642,85644,85648,85654,85658,85685,85688,85698,85738,85742,85745,85788,85790,85799,85802,85807,85876,85878,85886,85891,85895,85898,85949,85951,85959,85962,86025,86027,86035,86038,86043,86047,86060,86067,86075,86077,86079,86109,86115,86216,86226,86228,86233,86236,86241,86244,86246,86254,86262,86270,86277,86285,86287,86319],[10,84414,13,84416,18],{"id":84415},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84417,84043],{},[20,84419,84420,84422],{},[15,84421,84043],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84424,84425,84426,84428],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84427,84043],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[45,84430,48],{"id":47},[50,84432,84434],{"className":52,"code":84433,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84435,84436,84460,84475,84479],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84437,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84439,664],{"class":65},[59,84441,70],{"class":69},[59,84443,74],{"class":73},[59,84445,2159],{"class":178},[59,84447,87],{"class":73},[59,84449,3009],{"class":178},[59,84451,87],{"class":73},[59,84453,53941],{"class":178},[59,84455,87],{"class":73},[59,84457,5506],{"class":178},[59,84459,107],{"class":73},[59,84461,84462,84464,84466,84469,84471,84473],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84463,715],{"class":135},[59,84465,139],{"class":73},[59,84467,84468],{"class":135},"min",[59,84470,139],{"class":73},[59,84472,707],{"class":142},[59,84474,710],{"class":73},[59,84476,84477],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,84478,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,84480,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,84482,715],{"class":135},[59,84484,139],{"class":73},[59,84486,84468],{"class":135},[59,84488,139],{"class":73},[59,84490,2159],{"class":178},[59,84492,87],{"class":73},[59,84494,3009],{"class":178},[59,84496,87],{"class":73},[59,84498,53941],{"class":178},[59,84500,87],{"class":73},[59,84502,5506],{"class":178},[59,84504,710],{"class":73},[20,84506,168],{},[50,84508,84510],{"className":52,"code":84509,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1\n1\n",[15,84511,84512,84516],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84513,84514],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84515,46719],{"class":178},[59,84517,84518],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84519,46719],{"class":178},[20,84521,201,84522,84524],{},[15,84523,84043],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[45,84526,208,84528,211],{"id":84527},"what-min-does",[15,84529,84043],{},[29,84531,84532,84537,84540,84543],{},[32,84533,84534,84536],{},[15,84535,84043],{}," returns the smallest item",[32,84538,84539],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[32,84541,84542],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[32,84544,84545],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[45,84547,84549],{"id":84548},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84551,84552,84553,1002],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84554,84043],{},[50,84556,84558],{"className":52,"code":84557,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84559,84560,84570,84595,84613],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84561,84562,84564,84566,84568],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84563,84468],{"class":135},[59,84565,139],{"class":73},[59,84567,380],{"class":142},[59,84569,165],{"class":73},[59,84571,84572,84574,84576,84579,84581,84584,84586,84589,84591,84593],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84573,84468],{"class":135},[59,84575,139],{"class":73},[59,84577,84578],{"class":142},"value1",[59,84580,87],{"class":73},[59,84582,84583],{"class":142}," value2",[59,84585,87],{"class":73},[59,84587,84588],{"class":142}," value3",[59,84590,87],{"class":73},[59,84592,34441],{"class":135},[59,84594,165],{"class":73},[59,84596,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,84598,84468],{"class":135},[59,84600,139],{"class":73},[59,84602,380],{"class":142},[59,84604,87],{"class":73},[59,84606,21578],{"class":385},[59,84608,70],{"class":69},[59,84610,1785],{"class":135},[59,84612,165],{"class":73},[59,84614,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,84616,84468],{"class":135},[59,84618,139],{"class":73},[59,84620,380],{"class":142},[59,84622,87],{"class":73},[59,84624,26513],{"class":385},[59,84626,70],{"class":69},[59,84628,1785],{"class":135},[59,84630,165],{"class":73},[1127,84632,84634],{"id":84633},"miniterable",[15,84635,84636],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84638,84639],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[50,84641,84643],{"className":52,"code":84642,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84644,84645,84669],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84646,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84648,664],{"class":65},[59,84650,70],{"class":69},[59,84652,74],{"class":73},[59,84654,2362],{"class":178},[59,84656,87],{"class":73},[59,84658,2469],{"class":178},[59,84660,87],{"class":73},[59,84662,30931],{"class":178},[59,84664,87],{"class":73},[59,84666,5506],{"class":178},[59,84668,107],{"class":73},[59,84670,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84672,715],{"class":135},[59,84674,139],{"class":73},[59,84676,84468],{"class":135},[59,84678,139],{"class":73},[59,84680,707],{"class":142},[59,84682,710],{"class":73},[20,84684,168],{},[50,84686,84687],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,84688,84689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84690,84691],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84692,46719],{"class":178},[1127,84694,84696],{"id":84695},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84697,84698],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84700,84701],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[50,84703,84705],{"className":52,"code":84704,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84706,84707],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84708,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84710,715],{"class":135},[59,84712,139],{"class":73},[59,84714,84468],{"class":135},[59,84716,139],{"class":73},[59,84718,2362],{"class":178},[59,84720,87],{"class":73},[59,84722,2469],{"class":178},[59,84724,87],{"class":73},[59,84726,30931],{"class":178},[59,84728,87],{"class":73},[59,84730,5506],{"class":178},[59,84732,710],{"class":73},[20,84734,168],{},[50,84736,84737],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,84738,84739],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84740,84741],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84742,46719],{"class":178},[1127,84744,84746],{"id":84745},"miniterable-key",[15,84747,84748],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84750,201,84751,84753],{},[15,84752,14841],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[50,84755,84757],{"className":52,"code":84756,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84758,84759,84791],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84760,84761,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84762,4085],{"class":65},[59,84764,70],{"class":69},[59,84766,74],{"class":73},[59,84768,78],{"class":77},[59,84770,78552],{"class":81},[59,84772,78],{"class":77},[59,84774,87],{"class":73},[59,84776,90],{"class":77},[59,84778,38139],{"class":81},[59,84780,78],{"class":77},[59,84782,87],{"class":73},[59,84784,90],{"class":77},[59,84786,597],{"class":81},[59,84788,78],{"class":77},[59,84790,107],{"class":73},[59,84792,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84794,715],{"class":135},[59,84796,139],{"class":73},[59,84798,84468],{"class":135},[59,84800,139],{"class":73},[59,84802,4127],{"class":142},[59,84804,87],{"class":73},[59,84806,21578],{"class":385},[59,84808,70],{"class":69},[59,84810,11163],{"class":135},[59,84812,710],{"class":73},[20,84814,168],{},[50,84816,84818],{"className":52,"code":84817,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"kiwi\n",[15,84819,84820],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84821,84822],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84823,84817],{"class":65},[20,84825,84826],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84828,84829,84830,84832,84833,358],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84831,42161],{},", see the ",[354,84834,84835,536],{"href":42158},[15,84836,42161],{},[1127,84838,84840],{"id":84839},"miniterable-default",[15,84841,84842],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84844,201,84845,84847],{},[15,84846,82744],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[50,84849,84851],{"className":52,"code":84850,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84852,84853,84861],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84854,84855,84857,84859],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84856,664],{"class":65},[59,84858,70],{"class":69},[59,84860,7844],{"class":73},[59,84862,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84864,715],{"class":135},[59,84866,139],{"class":73},[59,84868,84468],{"class":135},[59,84870,139],{"class":73},[59,84872,707],{"class":142},[59,84874,87],{"class":73},[59,84876,26513],{"class":385},[59,84878,70],{"class":69},[59,84880,179],{"class":178},[59,84882,710],{"class":73},[20,84884,168],{},[50,84886,84887],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,84888,84889],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84890,84891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84892,47054],{"class":178},[20,84894,84895,84896,84898],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84897,40503],{}," when there is no item to return.",[45,84900,1599,84902,84904],{"id":84901},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84903,84043],{}," with numbers",[20,84906,84907,84909],{},[15,84908,84043],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[50,84911,84913],{"className":52,"code":84912,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84914,84915,84940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84916,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84918,5077],{"class":65},[59,84920,70],{"class":69},[59,84922,74],{"class":73},[59,84924,51309],{"class":178},[59,84926,87],{"class":73},[59,84928,84929],{"class":178}," 72",[59,84931,87],{"class":73},[59,84933,28896],{"class":178},[59,84935,87],{"class":73},[59,84937,75908],{"class":178},[59,84939,107],{"class":73},[59,84941,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84943,715],{"class":135},[59,84945,139],{"class":73},[59,84947,84468],{"class":135},[59,84949,139],{"class":73},[59,84951,16389],{"class":142},[59,84953,710],{"class":73},[20,84955,168],{},[50,84957,84959],{"className":52,"code":84958,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"60\n",[15,84960,84961],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84962,84963],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84964,84958],{"class":178},[20,84966,84967],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[50,84969,84971],{"className":52,"code":84970,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84972,84973,84994],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,84974,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84988,84990,84992],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,84976,82856],{"class":65},[59,84978,70],{"class":69},[59,84980,74],{"class":73},[59,84982,40197],{"class":178},[59,84984,87],{"class":73},[59,84986,84987],{"class":178}," 5.49",[59,84989,87],{"class":73},[59,84991,82872],{"class":178},[59,84993,107],{"class":73},[59,84995,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,84997,715],{"class":135},[59,84999,139],{"class":73},[59,85001,84468],{"class":135},[59,85003,139],{"class":73},[59,85005,82892],{"class":142},[59,85007,710],{"class":73},[20,85009,168],{},[50,85011,85013],{"className":52,"code":85012,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5.49\n",[15,85014,85015],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85016,85017],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85018,85012],{"class":178},[20,85020,85021],{},"This is useful for things like:",[29,85023,85024,85026,85028,85031],{},[32,85025,16389],{},[32,85027,82892],{},[32,85029,85030],{},"measurements",[32,85032,85033],{},"ages",[45,85035,1599,85037,46861],{"id":85036},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85038,84043],{},[20,85040,85041,85043],{},[15,85042,84043],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[50,85045,85047],{"className":52,"code":85046,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85048,85049,85081],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85050,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85052,4085],{"class":65},[59,85054,70],{"class":69},[59,85056,74],{"class":73},[59,85058,78],{"class":77},[59,85060,597],{"class":81},[59,85062,78],{"class":77},[59,85064,87],{"class":73},[59,85066,90],{"class":77},[59,85068,588],{"class":81},[59,85070,78],{"class":77},[59,85072,87],{"class":73},[59,85074,90],{"class":77},[59,85076,4110],{"class":81},[59,85078,78],{"class":77},[59,85080,107],{"class":73},[59,85082,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85084,715],{"class":135},[59,85086,139],{"class":73},[59,85088,84468],{"class":135},[59,85090,139],{"class":73},[59,85092,4127],{"class":142},[59,85094,710],{"class":73},[20,85096,168],{},[50,85098,85100],{"className":52,"code":85099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"apple\n",[15,85101,85102],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85103,85104],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85105,85099],{"class":65},[20,85107,85108],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[50,85110,85112],{"className":52,"code":85111,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85113,85114,85146],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85117,4085],{"class":65},[59,85119,70],{"class":69},[59,85121,74],{"class":73},[59,85123,78],{"class":77},[59,85125,597],{"class":81},[59,85127,78],{"class":77},[59,85129,87],{"class":73},[59,85131,90],{"class":77},[59,85133,57574],{"class":81},[59,85135,78],{"class":77},[59,85137,87],{"class":73},[59,85139,90],{"class":77},[59,85141,4110],{"class":81},[59,85143,78],{"class":77},[59,85145,107],{"class":73},[59,85147,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85149,715],{"class":135},[59,85151,139],{"class":73},[59,85153,84468],{"class":135},[59,85155,139],{"class":73},[59,85157,4127],{"class":142},[59,85159,710],{"class":73},[20,85161,168],{},[50,85163,85165],{"className":52,"code":85164,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Apple\n",[15,85166,85167],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85168,85169],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85170,85164],{"class":65},[20,85172,85173],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85175,85176,85177,358],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[354,85178,85179,5791],{"href":74329},[15,85180,74232],{},[45,85182,1599,85184,85186],{"id":85183},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85185,84043],{}," with a key function",[20,85188,2005,85189,85191],{},[15,85190,14841],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85193,11461],{},[29,85195,85196,85201,85206],{},[32,85197,85198,85200],{},[15,85199,14841],{}," changes the comparison rule",[32,85202,85203,85205],{},[15,85204,84043],{}," still returns the original item",[32,85207,85208],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1127,85210,85212],{"id":85211},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[50,85214,85216],{"className":52,"code":85215,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85217,85218,85251],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85219,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85247,85249],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85221,4085],{"class":65},[59,85223,70],{"class":69},[59,85225,74],{"class":73},[59,85227,78],{"class":77},[59,85229,68134],{"class":81},[59,85231,78],{"class":77},[59,85233,87],{"class":73},[59,85235,90],{"class":77},[59,85237,1439],{"class":81},[59,85239,78],{"class":77},[59,85241,87],{"class":73},[59,85243,90],{"class":77},[59,85245,85246],{"class":81},"giraffe",[59,85248,78],{"class":77},[59,85250,107],{"class":73},[59,85252,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85254,715],{"class":135},[59,85256,139],{"class":73},[59,85258,84468],{"class":135},[59,85260,139],{"class":73},[59,85262,4127],{"class":142},[59,85264,87],{"class":73},[59,85266,21578],{"class":385},[59,85268,70],{"class":69},[59,85270,11163],{"class":135},[59,85272,710],{"class":73},[20,85274,168],{},[50,85276,85278],{"className":52,"code":85277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"cat\n",[15,85279,85280],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85281,85282],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85283,85277],{"class":65},[1127,85285,85287],{"id":85286},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[50,85289,85291],{"className":52,"code":85290,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85292,85293,85303,85338,85370,85402,85406,85410,85449],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85294,85295,85298,85300],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85296,85297],{"class":65},"students ",[59,85299,70],{"class":69},[59,85301,85302],{"class":73}," [\n",[59,85304,85305,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85329,85331,85333,85335],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85306,85307],{"class":73},"    {",[59,85309,78],{"class":77},[59,85311,7676],{"class":81},[59,85313,78],{"class":77},[59,85315,1002],{"class":73},[59,85317,90],{"class":77},[59,85319,258],{"class":81},[59,85321,78],{"class":77},[59,85323,87],{"class":73},[59,85325,90],{"class":77},[59,85327,85328],{"class":81},"score",[59,85330,78],{"class":77},[59,85332,1002],{"class":73},[59,85334,13506],{"class":178},[59,85336,85337],{"class":73},"},\n",[59,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,85341,85307],{"class":73},[59,85343,78],{"class":77},[59,85345,7676],{"class":81},[59,85347,78],{"class":77},[59,85349,1002],{"class":73},[59,85351,90],{"class":77},[59,85353,267],{"class":81},[59,85355,78],{"class":77},[59,85357,87],{"class":73},[59,85359,90],{"class":77},[59,85361,85328],{"class":81},[59,85363,78],{"class":77},[59,85365,1002],{"class":73},[59,85367,84929],{"class":178},[59,85369,85337],{"class":73},[59,85371,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,85373,85307],{"class":73},[59,85375,78],{"class":77},[59,85377,7676],{"class":81},[59,85379,78],{"class":77},[59,85381,1002],{"class":73},[59,85383,90],{"class":77},[59,85385,276],{"class":81},[59,85387,78],{"class":77},[59,85389,87],{"class":73},[59,85391,90],{"class":77},[59,85393,85328],{"class":81},[59,85395,78],{"class":77},[59,85397,1002],{"class":73},[59,85399,19897],{"class":178},[59,85401,9309],{"class":73},[59,85403,85404],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,85405,107],{"class":73},[59,85407,85408],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,85409,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,85411,85412,85415,85417,85420,85422,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,85413,85414],{"class":65},"lowest ",[59,85416,70],{"class":69},[59,85418,85419],{"class":135}," min",[59,85421,139],{"class":73},[59,85423,85424],{"class":142},"students",[59,85426,87],{"class":73},[59,85428,21578],{"class":385},[59,85430,70],{"class":69},[59,85432,37457],{"class":887},[59,85434,12908],{"class":37460},[59,85436,1002],{"class":73},[59,85438,12908],{"class":142},[59,85440,3914],{"class":73},[59,85442,78],{"class":77},[59,85444,85328],{"class":81},[59,85446,78],{"class":77},[59,85448,3902],{"class":73},[59,85450,85451,85453,85455,85458],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,85452,715],{"class":135},[59,85454,139],{"class":73},[59,85456,85457],{"class":142},"lowest",[59,85459,165],{"class":73},[20,85461,168],{},[50,85463,85465],{"className":52,"code":85464,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85466,85467],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85468,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85470,893],{"class":73},[59,85472,1725],{"class":77},[59,85474,7676],{"class":81},[59,85476,1725],{"class":77},[59,85478,1002],{"class":73},[59,85480,1734],{"class":77},[59,85482,267],{"class":81},[59,85484,1725],{"class":77},[59,85486,87],{"class":73},[59,85488,1734],{"class":77},[59,85490,85328],{"class":81},[59,85492,1725],{"class":77},[59,85494,1002],{"class":73},[59,85496,84929],{"class":178},[59,85498,9309],{"class":73},[20,85500,85501,85502,85505],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85503,85504],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[45,85507,1599,85509,85511],{"id":85508},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85510,82744],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85513,85514],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[50,85516,85518],{"className":52,"code":85517,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85519,85520,85528],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85521,85522,85524,85526],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85523,664],{"class":65},[59,85525,70],{"class":69},[59,85527,7844],{"class":73},[59,85529,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85531,715],{"class":135},[59,85533,139],{"class":73},[59,85535,84468],{"class":135},[59,85537,139],{"class":73},[59,85539,707],{"class":142},[59,85541,710],{"class":73},[20,85543,168],{},[50,85545,85547],{"className":52,"code":85546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85548,85549],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85550,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85552,40503],{"class":697},[59,85554,1002],{"class":73},[59,85556,85419],{"class":135},[59,85558,7373],{"class":73},[59,85560,83714],{"class":65},[59,85562,12196],{"class":69},[59,85564,83719],{"class":65},[20,85566,85567,85568,1002],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85569,82744],{},[50,85571,85573],{"className":52,"code":85572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85574,85575,85583],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85576,85577,85579,85581],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85578,664],{"class":65},[59,85580,70],{"class":69},[59,85582,7844],{"class":73},[59,85584,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85586,715],{"class":135},[59,85588,139],{"class":73},[59,85590,84468],{"class":135},[59,85592,139],{"class":73},[59,85594,707],{"class":142},[59,85596,87],{"class":73},[59,85598,26513],{"class":385},[59,85600,70],{"class":69},[59,85602,3792],{"class":3867},[59,85604,710],{"class":73},[20,85606,168],{},[50,85608,85609],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,85610,85611],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85612,85613],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85614,11810],{"class":3867},[20,85616,85617],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85619,85620],{},"Remember:",[29,85622,85623,85631],{},[32,85624,85625,85627,85628,85630],{},[15,85626,82744],{}," works only when ",[15,85629,84043],{}," gets one iterable argument",[32,85632,85633,85634],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85635,85636],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85638,85639,85640,358],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[354,85641,65647],{"href":72686},[45,85643,10746],{"id":10745},[20,85645,56581,85646,358],{},[15,85647,84043],{},[1127,85649,85651,85652],{"id":85650},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85653,82744],{},[20,85655,3018,85656,1002],{},[15,85657,40503],{},[50,85659,85661],{"className":52,"code":85660,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85662,85663,85671],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85664,85665,85667,85669],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85666,1251],{"class":65},[59,85668,70],{"class":69},[59,85670,7844],{"class":73},[59,85672,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85674,715],{"class":135},[59,85676,139],{"class":73},[59,85678,84468],{"class":135},[59,85680,139],{"class":73},[59,85682,1297],{"class":142},[59,85684,710],{"class":73},[20,85686,85687],{},"Fix it by:",[29,85689,85690,85693],{},[32,85691,85692],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[32,85694,85695,85696],{},"or using ",[15,85697,82744],{},[50,85699,85701],{"className":52,"code":85700,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85702,85703,85711],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85704,85705,85707,85709],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85706,1251],{"class":65},[59,85708,70],{"class":69},[59,85710,7844],{"class":73},[59,85712,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85734,85736],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85714,715],{"class":135},[59,85716,139],{"class":73},[59,85718,84468],{"class":135},[59,85720,139],{"class":73},[59,85722,1297],{"class":142},[59,85724,87],{"class":73},[59,85726,26513],{"class":385},[59,85728,70],{"class":69},[59,85730,78],{"class":77},[59,85732,85733],{"class":81},"no items",[59,85735,78],{"class":77},[59,85737,710],{"class":73},[1127,85739,85741],{"id":85740},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85743,85744],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[50,85746,85748],{"className":52,"code":85747,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85749,85750,85774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85751,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85753,9170],{"class":65},[59,85755,70],{"class":69},[59,85757,74],{"class":73},[59,85759,671],{"class":178},[59,85761,87],{"class":73},[59,85763,90],{"class":77},[59,85765,1222],{"class":81},[59,85767,78],{"class":77},[59,85769,87],{"class":73},[59,85771,4621],{"class":178},[59,85773,107],{"class":73},[59,85775,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85777,715],{"class":135},[59,85779,139],{"class":73},[59,85781,84468],{"class":135},[59,85783,139],{"class":73},[59,85785,9208],{"class":142},[59,85787,710],{"class":73},[20,85789,168],{},[50,85791,85793],{"className":52,"code":85792,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"TypeError\n",[15,85794,85795],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85796,85797],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85798,85792],{"class":697},[20,85800,85801],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85803,85804,85805,358],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85806,84043],{},[50,85808,85810],{"className":52,"code":85809,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85811,85812,85836,85862],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85813,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85815,9170],{"class":65},[59,85817,70],{"class":69},[59,85819,74],{"class":73},[59,85821,671],{"class":178},[59,85823,87],{"class":73},[59,85825,90],{"class":77},[59,85827,1222],{"class":81},[59,85829,78],{"class":77},[59,85831,87],{"class":73},[59,85833,4621],{"class":178},[59,85835,107],{"class":73},[59,85837,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85839,664],{"class":65},[59,85841,70],{"class":69},[59,85843,74],{"class":73},[59,85845,2209],{"class":697},[59,85847,139],{"class":73},[59,85849,1260],{"class":142},[59,85851,3675],{"class":73},[59,85853,958],{"class":120},[59,85855,3894],{"class":65},[59,85857,132],{"class":120},[59,85859,14566],{"class":65},[59,85861,107],{"class":73},[59,85863,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,85865,715],{"class":135},[59,85867,139],{"class":73},[59,85869,84468],{"class":135},[59,85871,139],{"class":73},[59,85873,707],{"class":142},[59,85875,710],{"class":73},[20,85877,168],{},[50,85879,85880],{"className":52,"code":2964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,85881,85882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85883,85884],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85885,2964],{"class":178},[20,85887,85888,85889,358],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85890,3021],{},[1127,85892,85894],{"id":85893},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85896,85897],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[50,85899,85901],{"className":52,"code":85900,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85902,85903,85935],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85904,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85906,4085],{"class":65},[59,85908,70],{"class":69},[59,85910,74],{"class":73},[59,85912,78],{"class":77},[59,85914,79368],{"class":81},[59,85916,78],{"class":77},[59,85918,87],{"class":73},[59,85920,90],{"class":77},[59,85922,57574],{"class":81},[59,85924,78],{"class":77},[59,85926,87],{"class":73},[59,85928,90],{"class":77},[59,85930,79385],{"class":81},[59,85932,78],{"class":77},[59,85934,107],{"class":73},[59,85936,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,85938,715],{"class":135},[59,85940,139],{"class":73},[59,85942,84468],{"class":135},[59,85944,139],{"class":73},[59,85946,4127],{"class":142},[59,85948,710],{"class":73},[20,85950,168],{},[50,85952,85953],{"className":52,"code":85164,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,85954,85955],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85956,85957],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85958,85164],{"class":65},[20,85960,85961],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[50,85963,85965],{"className":52,"code":85964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85966,85967,85999],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,85968,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,85970,4085],{"class":65},[59,85972,70],{"class":69},[59,85974,74],{"class":73},[59,85976,78],{"class":77},[59,85978,79368],{"class":81},[59,85980,78],{"class":77},[59,85982,87],{"class":73},[59,85984,90],{"class":77},[59,85986,57574],{"class":81},[59,85988,78],{"class":77},[59,85990,87],{"class":73},[59,85992,90],{"class":77},[59,85994,79385],{"class":81},[59,85996,78],{"class":77},[59,85998,107],{"class":73},[59,86000,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86002,715],{"class":135},[59,86004,139],{"class":73},[59,86006,84468],{"class":135},[59,86008,139],{"class":73},[59,86010,4127],{"class":142},[59,86012,87],{"class":73},[59,86014,21578],{"class":385},[59,86016,70],{"class":69},[59,86018,3460],{"class":697},[59,86020,358],{"class":73},[59,86022,8644],{"class":929},[59,86024,710],{"class":73},[20,86026,168],{},[50,86028,86029],{"className":52,"code":85164,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,86030,86031],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86032,86033],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86034,85164],{"class":65},[20,86036,86037],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[45,86039,776,86041],{"id":86040},"when-to-use-min",[15,86042,84043],{},[20,86044,201,86045,10602],{},[15,86046,84043],{},[29,86048,86049,86052,86057],{},[32,86050,86051],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[32,86053,86054,86055],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86056,14841],{},[32,86058,86059],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86061,201,86062,86066],{},[354,86063,86064],{"href":74329},[15,86065,74232],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86068,201,86069,86074],{},[354,86070,86072],{"href":86071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86073,82389],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[45,86076,1579],{"id":1578},[20,86078,84048],{},[29,86080,86081,86089,86092,86097,86104],{},[32,86082,86083,86084,86086,86087],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86085,84043],{}," without using ",[15,86088,82744],{},[32,86090,86091],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[32,86093,8456,86094,86096],{},[15,86095,84043],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[32,86098,4721,86099,86101,86102,85205],{},[15,86100,14841],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86103,84043],{},[32,86105,1599,86106,86108],{},[15,86107,82744],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86110,86111,86112,86114],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86113,84043],{},", these quick checks can help:",[50,86116,86118],{"className":52,"code":86117,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86119,86120,86134,86144,86158,86172,86194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86121,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86123,715],{"class":135},[59,86125,139],{"class":73},[59,86127,3239],{"class":697},[59,86129,139],{"class":73},[59,86131,9208],{"class":142},[59,86133,710],{"class":73},[59,86135,86136,86138,86140,86142],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86137,715],{"class":135},[59,86139,139],{"class":73},[59,86141,9208],{"class":142},[59,86143,165],{"class":73},[59,86145,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86147,715],{"class":135},[59,86149,139],{"class":73},[59,86151,11163],{"class":135},[59,86153,139],{"class":73},[59,86155,9208],{"class":142},[59,86157,710],{"class":73},[59,86159,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,86161,715],{"class":135},[59,86163,139],{"class":73},[59,86165,84468],{"class":135},[59,86167,139],{"class":73},[59,86169,9208],{"class":142},[59,86171,710],{"class":73},[59,86173,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,86175,715],{"class":135},[59,86177,139],{"class":73},[59,86179,84468],{"class":135},[59,86181,139],{"class":73},[59,86183,9208],{"class":142},[59,86185,87],{"class":73},[59,86187,26513],{"class":385},[59,86189,70],{"class":69},[59,86191,3792],{"class":3867},[59,86193,710],{"class":73},[59,86195,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,86197,715],{"class":135},[59,86199,139],{"class":73},[59,86201,84468],{"class":135},[59,86203,139],{"class":73},[59,86205,4127],{"class":142},[59,86207,87],{"class":73},[59,86209,21578],{"class":385},[59,86211,70],{"class":69},[59,86213,11163],{"class":135},[59,86215,710],{"class":73},[20,86217,86218,86219,86222,86223,86225],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86220,86221],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86224,9208],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[45,86227,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,86229,1872,86231,1875],{"id":86230},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86232,84043],{},[20,86234,86235],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1127,86237,1914,86239,84224],{"id":86238},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86240,84043],{},[20,86242,86243],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1127,86245,71454],{"id":71453},[20,86247,86248,52299,86250,84236,86252,993],{},[15,86249,84043],{},[15,86251,40503],{},[15,86253,82744],{},[1127,86255,1872,86257,86259,86260,1905],{"id":86256},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86258,14841],{}," do in ",[15,86261,84043],{},[20,86263,86264,86266,86267,86269],{},[15,86265,14841],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86268,83297],{}," compares strings by length.",[1127,86271,5190,86273,4408,86275,1905],{"id":86272},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86274,84043],{},[15,86276,74232],{},[20,86278,86279,86281,86282,86284],{},[15,86280,84043],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86283,74232],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[45,86286,1927],{"id":1926},[29,86288,86289,86295,86301,86307,86311,86315],{},[32,86290,86291],{},[354,86292,86293,536],{"href":86071},[15,86294,82389],{},[32,86296,86297],{},[354,86298,86299,536],{"href":74329},[15,86300,74232],{},[32,86302,86303],{},[354,86304,86305,536],{"href":42158},[15,86306,42161],{},[32,86308,86309],{},[354,86310,79681],{"href":78184},[32,86312,86313],{},[354,86314,58762],{"href":58761},[32,86316,86317],{},[354,86318,65647],{"href":72686},[1953,86320,86321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":86323},[86324,86325,86327,86333,86335,86337,86342,86344,86350,86352,86353,86364],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":84527,"depth":110,"text":86326},"What min() does",{"id":84548,"depth":110,"text":84549,"children":86328},[86329,86330,86331,86332],{"id":84633,"depth":117,"text":84636},{"id":84695,"depth":117,"text":84698},{"id":84745,"depth":117,"text":84748},{"id":84839,"depth":117,"text":84842},{"id":84901,"depth":110,"text":86334},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85036,"depth":110,"text":86336},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85183,"depth":110,"text":86338,"children":86339},"Using min() with a key function",[86340,86341],{"id":85211,"depth":117,"text":85212},{"id":85286,"depth":117,"text":85287},{"id":85508,"depth":110,"text":86343},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10745,"depth":110,"text":10746,"children":86345},[86346,86348,86349],{"id":85650,"depth":117,"text":86347},"Empty list without default",{"id":85740,"depth":117,"text":85741},{"id":85893,"depth":117,"text":85894},{"id":86040,"depth":110,"text":86351},"When to use min()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":86354},[86355,86357,86359,86360,86362],{"id":86230,"depth":117,"text":86356},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86238,"depth":117,"text":86358},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71453,"depth":117,"text":71454},{"id":86256,"depth":117,"text":86361},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86272,"depth":117,"text":86363},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84410,"description":86365},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86372,"title":86373,"body":86374,"description":88553,"extension":1988,"meta":88554,"navigation":113,"path":88555,"seo":88556,"stem":88557,"__hash__":88558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86375,"toc":88517},[86376,86379,86385,86391,86393,86474,86483,86487,86492,86494,86539,86541,86621,86627,86629,86632,86664,86666,86684,86686,86759,86761,86780,86784,86787,86823,86825,86892,86966,87039,87044,87048,87054,87057,87074,87077,87079,87140,87142,87162,87168,87172,87175,87245,87248,87267,87272,87348,87351,87355,87361,87365,87370,87440,87444,87449,87523,87527,87530,87605,87616,87620,87625,87715,87720,87788,87791,87810,87821,87825,87828,87833,87836,87898,87901,87912,87917,87920,87923,87928,87931,87934,87938,87941,87947,87950,87961,87963,88025,88040,88046,88049,88052,88063,88074,88080,88083,88085,88147,88157,88163,88168,88174,88178,88184,88187,88208,88210,88215,88242,88245,88272,88275,88314,88317,88355,88358,88419,88422,88424,88428,88431,88435,88441,88449,88457,88461,88464,88468,88474,88476,88514],[10,86377,86373],{"id":86378},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86380,86381,86384],{},[15,86382,86383],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86386,86387,86388,86390],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86389,86383],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[45,86392,48],{"id":47},[50,86394,86396],{"className":52,"code":86395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86397,86398,86447,86463],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86399,86400,86403,86406,86408,86410,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86428,86430,86432,86435,86437,86439,86441,86445],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86401,86402],{"class":120},"with",[59,86404,86405],{"class":135}," open",[59,86407,139],{"class":73},[59,86409,78],{"class":77},[59,86411,86412],{"class":81},"example.txt",[59,86414,78],{"class":77},[59,86416,87],{"class":73},[59,86418,90],{"class":77},[59,86420,60312],{"class":81},[59,86422,78],{"class":77},[59,86424,87],{"class":73},[59,86426,86427],{"class":385}," encoding",[59,86429,70],{"class":69},[59,86431,78],{"class":77},[59,86433,86434],{"class":81},"utf-8",[59,86436,78],{"class":77},[59,86438,3675],{"class":73},[59,86440,47160],{"class":120},[59,86442,86444],{"class":86443},"sMMDD"," file",[59,86446,1561],{"class":73},[59,86448,86449,86452,86454,86456,86458,86461],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86450,86451],{"class":65},"    content ",[59,86453,70],{"class":69},[59,86455,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86457,358],{"class":73},[59,86459,86460],{"class":142},"read",[59,86462,8647],{"class":73},[59,86464,86465,86467,86469,86472],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86466,152],{"class":135},[59,86468,139],{"class":73},[59,86470,86471],{"class":142},"content",[59,86473,165],{"class":73},[20,86475,201,86476,86478,86479,86482],{},[15,86477,86402],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86480,86481],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[45,86484,86486],{"id":86485},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86488,86489,86491],{},[15,86490,86383],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86493,11461],{},[29,86495,86496,86499,86504,86509],{},[32,86497,86498],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[32,86500,40705,86501,86503],{},[549,86502,4647],{}," read or write anything by itself",[32,86505,17422,86506],{},[549,86507,86508],{},"file object",[32,86510,86511,86512],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[29,86513,86514,86519,86524,86529,86534],{},[32,86515,86516],{},[15,86517,86518],{},"read()",[32,86520,86521],{},[15,86522,86523],{},"readline()",[32,86525,86526],{},[15,86527,86528],{},"readlines()",[32,86530,86531],{},[15,86532,86533],{},"write()",[32,86535,86536],{},[15,86537,86538],{},"close()",[20,86540,239],{},[50,86542,86544],{"className":52,"code":86543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86545,86546,86585,86600,86610],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86547,86548,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86549,86550],{"class":86443},"file",[59,86552,13275],{"class":69},[59,86554,86405],{"class":135},[59,86556,139],{"class":73},[59,86558,78],{"class":77},[59,86560,86412],{"class":81},[59,86562,78],{"class":77},[59,86564,87],{"class":73},[59,86566,90],{"class":77},[59,86568,60312],{"class":81},[59,86570,78],{"class":77},[59,86572,87],{"class":73},[59,86574,86427],{"class":385},[59,86576,70],{"class":69},[59,86578,78],{"class":77},[59,86580,86434],{"class":81},[59,86582,78],{"class":77},[59,86584,165],{"class":73},[59,86586,86587,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86588,86589],{"class":65},"content ",[59,86591,70],{"class":69},[59,86593,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86595,358],{"class":73},[59,86597,86460],{"class":142},[59,86599,8647],{"class":73},[59,86601,86602,86604,86606,86608],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86603,715],{"class":135},[59,86605,139],{"class":73},[59,86607,86471],{"class":142},[59,86609,165],{"class":73},[59,86611,86612,86614,86616,86619],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,86613,86550],{"class":86443},[59,86615,358],{"class":73},[59,86617,86618],{"class":142},"close",[59,86620,8647],{"class":73},[20,86622,86623,86624,86626],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86625,86402],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[45,86628,362],{"id":361},[20,86630,86631],{},"A common form is:",[50,86633,86635],{"className":52,"code":86634,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86636,86637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86638,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86640,42227],{"class":135},[59,86642,139],{"class":73},[59,86644,86550],{"class":86443},[59,86646,87],{"class":73},[59,86648,86649],{"class":142}," mode",[59,86651,87],{"class":73},[59,86653,86427],{"class":385},[59,86655,70],{"class":69},[59,86657,78],{"class":77},[59,86659,86434],{"class":81},[59,86661,78],{"class":77},[59,86663,165],{"class":73},[20,86665,64853],{},[29,86667,86668,86673,86678],{},[32,86669,86670,86672],{},[15,86671,86550],{}," is the file name or file path",[32,86674,86675,86677],{},[15,86676,20918],{}," controls how the file is opened",[32,86679,86680,86683],{},[15,86681,86682],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86685,239],{},[50,86687,86689],{"className":52,"code":86688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86690,86691,86734,86749],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86692,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86694,86402],{"class":120},[59,86696,86405],{"class":135},[59,86698,139],{"class":73},[59,86700,78],{"class":77},[59,86702,86703],{"class":81},"notes.txt",[59,86705,78],{"class":77},[59,86707,87],{"class":73},[59,86709,90],{"class":77},[59,86711,60312],{"class":81},[59,86713,78],{"class":77},[59,86715,87],{"class":73},[59,86717,86427],{"class":385},[59,86719,70],{"class":69},[59,86721,78],{"class":77},[59,86723,86434],{"class":81},[59,86725,78],{"class":77},[59,86727,3675],{"class":73},[59,86729,47160],{"class":120},[59,86731,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86733,1561],{"class":73},[59,86735,86736,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86737,86738],{"class":65},"    text ",[59,86740,70],{"class":69},[59,86742,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86744,358],{"class":73},[59,86746,86460],{"class":142},[59,86748,8647],{"class":73},[59,86750,86751,86753,86755,86757],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86752,152],{"class":135},[59,86754,139],{"class":73},[59,86756,34696],{"class":142},[59,86758,165],{"class":73},[20,86760,19956],{},[29,86762,86763,86769,86774],{},[32,86764,86765,86768],{},[15,86766,86767],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[32,86770,86771,86773],{},[15,86772,86481],{}," means open for reading",[32,86775,86776,86779],{},[15,86777,86778],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[45,86781,86783],{"id":86782},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86785,86786],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[29,86788,86789,86794,86800,86805,86811,86817],{},[32,86790,86791,86793],{},[15,86792,86481],{}," = read a text file",[32,86795,86796,86799],{},[15,86797,86798],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[32,86801,86802,86804],{},[15,86803,18094],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[32,86806,86807,86810],{},[15,86808,86809],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[32,86812,86813,86816],{},[15,86814,86815],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[32,86818,86819,86822],{},[15,86820,86821],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86824,2148],{},[50,86826,86828],{"className":52,"code":86827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86829,86830,86835,86878],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86831,86832],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86833,86834],{"class":3678},"# Read a text file\n",[59,86836,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86838,86402],{"class":120},[59,86840,86405],{"class":135},[59,86842,139],{"class":73},[59,86844,78],{"class":77},[59,86846,86847],{"class":81},"data.txt",[59,86849,78],{"class":77},[59,86851,87],{"class":73},[59,86853,90],{"class":77},[59,86855,60312],{"class":81},[59,86857,78],{"class":77},[59,86859,87],{"class":73},[59,86861,86427],{"class":385},[59,86863,70],{"class":69},[59,86865,78],{"class":77},[59,86867,86434],{"class":81},[59,86869,78],{"class":77},[59,86871,3675],{"class":73},[59,86873,47160],{"class":120},[59,86875,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86877,1561],{"class":73},[59,86879,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86881,152],{"class":135},[59,86883,139],{"class":73},[59,86885,86550],{"class":86443},[59,86887,358],{"class":73},[59,86889,86460],{"class":142},[59,86891,7201],{"class":73},[50,86893,86895],{"className":52,"code":86894,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86896,86897,86902,86944],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86898,86899],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86900,86901],{"class":3678},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[59,86903,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86905,86402],{"class":120},[59,86907,86405],{"class":135},[59,86909,139],{"class":73},[59,86911,78],{"class":77},[59,86913,86847],{"class":81},[59,86915,78],{"class":77},[59,86917,87],{"class":73},[59,86919,90],{"class":77},[59,86921,60295],{"class":81},[59,86923,78],{"class":77},[59,86925,87],{"class":73},[59,86927,86427],{"class":385},[59,86929,70],{"class":69},[59,86931,78],{"class":77},[59,86933,86434],{"class":81},[59,86935,78],{"class":77},[59,86937,3675],{"class":73},[59,86939,47160],{"class":120},[59,86941,86444],{"class":86443},[59,86943,1561],{"class":73},[59,86945,86946,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86962,86964],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,86947,86948],{"class":86443},"    file",[59,86950,358],{"class":73},[59,86952,70003],{"class":142},[59,86954,139],{"class":73},[59,86956,78],{"class":77},[59,86958,34855],{"class":81},[59,86960,86961],{"class":1784},"\\n",[59,86963,78],{"class":77},[59,86965,165],{"class":73},[50,86967,86969],{"className":52,"code":86968,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86970,86971,86976,87018],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,86972,86973],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,86974,86975],{"class":3678},"# Append to a text file\n",[59,86977,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,86979,86402],{"class":120},[59,86981,86405],{"class":135},[59,86983,139],{"class":73},[59,86985,78],{"class":77},[59,86987,86847],{"class":81},[59,86989,78],{"class":77},[59,86991,87],{"class":73},[59,86993,90],{"class":77},[59,86995,354],{"class":81},[59,86997,78],{"class":77},[59,86999,87],{"class":73},[59,87001,86427],{"class":385},[59,87003,70],{"class":69},[59,87005,78],{"class":77},[59,87007,86434],{"class":81},[59,87009,78],{"class":77},[59,87011,3675],{"class":73},[59,87013,47160],{"class":120},[59,87015,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87017,1561],{"class":73},[59,87019,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87033,87035,87037],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87021,86948],{"class":86443},[59,87023,358],{"class":73},[59,87025,70003],{"class":142},[59,87027,139],{"class":73},[59,87029,78],{"class":77},[59,87031,87032],{"class":81},"Another line",[59,87034,86961],{"class":1784},[59,87036,78],{"class":77},[59,87038,165],{"class":73},[20,87040,69155,87041,87043],{},[15,87042,86798],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[45,87045,87047],{"id":87046},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87049,87050,21972,87052,358],{},[15,87051,86383],{},[549,87053,86508],{},[20,87055,87056],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[29,87058,87059,87064,87069],{},[32,87060,87061],{},[15,87062,87063],{},"file.read()",[32,87065,87066],{},[15,87067,87068],{},"file.write()",[32,87070,87071],{},[15,87072,87073],{},"file.close()",[20,87075,87076],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87078,239],{},[50,87080,87082],{"className":52,"code":87081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87083,87084,87126],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87085,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87087,86402],{"class":120},[59,87089,86405],{"class":135},[59,87091,139],{"class":73},[59,87093,78],{"class":77},[59,87095,86412],{"class":81},[59,87097,78],{"class":77},[59,87099,87],{"class":73},[59,87101,90],{"class":77},[59,87103,60312],{"class":81},[59,87105,78],{"class":77},[59,87107,87],{"class":73},[59,87109,86427],{"class":385},[59,87111,70],{"class":69},[59,87113,78],{"class":77},[59,87115,86434],{"class":81},[59,87117,78],{"class":77},[59,87119,3675],{"class":73},[59,87121,47160],{"class":120},[59,87123,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87125,1561],{"class":73},[59,87127,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87129,152],{"class":135},[59,87131,139],{"class":73},[59,87133,3239],{"class":697},[59,87135,139],{"class":73},[59,87137,86550],{"class":86443},[59,87139,710],{"class":73},[20,87141,30017],{},[50,87143,87145],{"className":52,"code":87144,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87146,87147],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87148,87149,87151,87153,87155,87158,87160],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87150,1769],{"class":69},[59,87152,3310],{"class":887},[59,87154,1734],{"class":77},[59,87156,87157],{"class":81},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[59,87159,1725],{"class":77},[59,87161,1788],{"class":69},[20,87163,87164,87165,87167],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87166,86383],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[45,87169,87171],{"id":87170},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87173,87174],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[50,87176,87177],{"className":52,"code":86395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,87178,87179,87221,87235],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87180,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87182,86402],{"class":120},[59,87184,86405],{"class":135},[59,87186,139],{"class":73},[59,87188,78],{"class":77},[59,87190,86412],{"class":81},[59,87192,78],{"class":77},[59,87194,87],{"class":73},[59,87196,90],{"class":77},[59,87198,60312],{"class":81},[59,87200,78],{"class":77},[59,87202,87],{"class":73},[59,87204,86427],{"class":385},[59,87206,70],{"class":69},[59,87208,78],{"class":77},[59,87210,86434],{"class":81},[59,87212,78],{"class":77},[59,87214,3675],{"class":73},[59,87216,47160],{"class":120},[59,87218,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87220,1561],{"class":73},[59,87222,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87224,86451],{"class":65},[59,87226,70],{"class":69},[59,87228,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87230,358],{"class":73},[59,87232,86460],{"class":142},[59,87234,8647],{"class":73},[59,87236,87237,87239,87241,87243],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87238,152],{"class":135},[59,87240,139],{"class":73},[59,87242,86471],{"class":142},[59,87244,165],{"class":73},[20,87246,87247],{},"Why this is recommended:",[29,87249,87250,87255,87261,87264],{},[32,87251,87252,87254],{},[15,87253,86402],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[32,87256,87257,87258,87260],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87259,86538],{}," yourself",[32,87262,87263],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[32,87265,87266],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87268,83560,87269,87271],{},[15,87270,86402],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[50,87273,87274],{"className":52,"code":86543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,87275,87276,87314,87328,87338],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87277,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87279,86550],{"class":86443},[59,87281,13275],{"class":69},[59,87283,86405],{"class":135},[59,87285,139],{"class":73},[59,87287,78],{"class":77},[59,87289,86412],{"class":81},[59,87291,78],{"class":77},[59,87293,87],{"class":73},[59,87295,90],{"class":77},[59,87297,60312],{"class":81},[59,87299,78],{"class":77},[59,87301,87],{"class":73},[59,87303,86427],{"class":385},[59,87305,70],{"class":69},[59,87307,78],{"class":77},[59,87309,86434],{"class":81},[59,87311,78],{"class":77},[59,87313,165],{"class":73},[59,87315,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87317,86589],{"class":65},[59,87319,70],{"class":69},[59,87321,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87323,358],{"class":73},[59,87325,86460],{"class":142},[59,87327,8647],{"class":73},[59,87329,87330,87332,87334,87336],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87331,715],{"class":135},[59,87333,139],{"class":73},[59,87335,86471],{"class":142},[59,87337,165],{"class":73},[59,87339,87340,87342,87344,87346],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,87341,86550],{"class":86443},[59,87343,358],{"class":73},[59,87345,86618],{"class":142},[59,87347,8647],{"class":73},[20,87349,87350],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[45,87352,87354],{"id":87353},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87356,87357,87358,87360],{},"Use mode ",[15,87359,86481],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1127,87362,87364],{"id":87363},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87366,87367,87369],{},[15,87368,86518],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[50,87371,87372],{"className":52,"code":86395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,87373,87374,87416,87430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87375,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87377,86402],{"class":120},[59,87379,86405],{"class":135},[59,87381,139],{"class":73},[59,87383,78],{"class":77},[59,87385,86412],{"class":81},[59,87387,78],{"class":77},[59,87389,87],{"class":73},[59,87391,90],{"class":77},[59,87393,60312],{"class":81},[59,87395,78],{"class":77},[59,87397,87],{"class":73},[59,87399,86427],{"class":385},[59,87401,70],{"class":69},[59,87403,78],{"class":77},[59,87405,86434],{"class":81},[59,87407,78],{"class":77},[59,87409,3675],{"class":73},[59,87411,47160],{"class":120},[59,87413,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87415,1561],{"class":73},[59,87417,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87419,86451],{"class":65},[59,87421,70],{"class":69},[59,87423,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87425,358],{"class":73},[59,87427,86460],{"class":142},[59,87429,8647],{"class":73},[59,87431,87432,87434,87436,87438],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87433,152],{"class":135},[59,87435,139],{"class":73},[59,87437,86471],{"class":142},[59,87439,165],{"class":73},[1127,87441,87443],{"id":87442},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87445,87446,87448],{},[15,87447,86523],{}," reads one line at a time.",[50,87450,87452],{"className":52,"code":87451,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87453,87454,87496,87512],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87455,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87457,86402],{"class":120},[59,87459,86405],{"class":135},[59,87461,139],{"class":73},[59,87463,78],{"class":77},[59,87465,86412],{"class":81},[59,87467,78],{"class":77},[59,87469,87],{"class":73},[59,87471,90],{"class":77},[59,87473,60312],{"class":81},[59,87475,78],{"class":77},[59,87477,87],{"class":73},[59,87479,86427],{"class":385},[59,87481,70],{"class":69},[59,87483,78],{"class":77},[59,87485,86434],{"class":81},[59,87487,78],{"class":77},[59,87489,3675],{"class":73},[59,87491,47160],{"class":120},[59,87493,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87495,1561],{"class":73},[59,87497,87498,87501,87503,87505,87507,87510],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87499,87500],{"class":65},"    first_line ",[59,87502,70],{"class":69},[59,87504,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87506,358],{"class":73},[59,87508,87509],{"class":142},"readline",[59,87511,8647],{"class":73},[59,87513,87514,87516,87518,87521],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87515,152],{"class":135},[59,87517,139],{"class":73},[59,87519,87520],{"class":142},"first_line",[59,87522,165],{"class":73},[1127,87524,87526],{"id":87525},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87528,87529],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[50,87531,87533],{"className":52,"code":87532,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87534,87535,87577,87591],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87536,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87538,86402],{"class":120},[59,87540,86405],{"class":135},[59,87542,139],{"class":73},[59,87544,78],{"class":77},[59,87546,86412],{"class":81},[59,87548,78],{"class":77},[59,87550,87],{"class":73},[59,87552,90],{"class":77},[59,87554,60312],{"class":81},[59,87556,78],{"class":77},[59,87558,87],{"class":73},[59,87560,86427],{"class":385},[59,87562,70],{"class":69},[59,87564,78],{"class":77},[59,87566,86434],{"class":81},[59,87568,78],{"class":77},[59,87570,3675],{"class":73},[59,87572,47160],{"class":120},[59,87574,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87576,1561],{"class":73},[59,87578,87579,87582,87585,87587,87589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87580,87581],{"class":120},"    for",[59,87583,87584],{"class":65}," line ",[59,87586,132],{"class":120},[59,87588,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87590,1561],{"class":73},[59,87592,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87594,47140],{"class":135},[59,87596,139],{"class":73},[59,87598,61],{"class":142},[59,87600,358],{"class":73},[59,87602,8638],{"class":142},[59,87604,7201],{"class":73},[20,87606,87607,87608,2896,87612,358],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[354,87609,87611],{"href":87610},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[354,87613,87615],{"href":87614},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[45,87617,87619],{"id":87618},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87621,201,87622,87624],{},[15,87623,86798],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[50,87626,87628],{"className":52,"code":87627,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87629,87630,87673,87694],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87631,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87633,86402],{"class":120},[59,87635,86405],{"class":135},[59,87637,139],{"class":73},[59,87639,78],{"class":77},[59,87641,87642],{"class":81},"output.txt",[59,87644,78],{"class":77},[59,87646,87],{"class":73},[59,87648,90],{"class":77},[59,87650,60295],{"class":81},[59,87652,78],{"class":77},[59,87654,87],{"class":73},[59,87656,86427],{"class":385},[59,87658,70],{"class":69},[59,87660,78],{"class":77},[59,87662,86434],{"class":81},[59,87664,78],{"class":77},[59,87666,3675],{"class":73},[59,87668,47160],{"class":120},[59,87670,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87672,1561],{"class":73},[59,87674,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87688,87690,87692],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87676,86948],{"class":86443},[59,87678,358],{"class":73},[59,87680,70003],{"class":142},[59,87682,139],{"class":73},[59,87684,78],{"class":77},[59,87686,87687],{"class":81},"First line",[59,87689,86961],{"class":1784},[59,87691,78],{"class":77},[59,87693,165],{"class":73},[59,87695,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87709,87711,87713],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,87697,86948],{"class":86443},[59,87699,358],{"class":73},[59,87701,70003],{"class":142},[59,87703,139],{"class":73},[59,87705,78],{"class":77},[59,87707,87708],{"class":81},"Second line",[59,87710,86961],{"class":1784},[59,87712,78],{"class":77},[59,87714,165],{"class":73},[20,87716,201,87717,87719],{},[15,87718,18094],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[50,87721,87723],{"className":52,"code":87722,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87724,87725,87767],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87726,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87728,86402],{"class":120},[59,87730,86405],{"class":135},[59,87732,139],{"class":73},[59,87734,78],{"class":77},[59,87736,87642],{"class":81},[59,87738,78],{"class":77},[59,87740,87],{"class":73},[59,87742,90],{"class":77},[59,87744,354],{"class":81},[59,87746,78],{"class":77},[59,87748,87],{"class":73},[59,87750,86427],{"class":385},[59,87752,70],{"class":69},[59,87754,78],{"class":77},[59,87756,86434],{"class":81},[59,87758,78],{"class":77},[59,87760,3675],{"class":73},[59,87762,47160],{"class":120},[59,87764,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87766,1561],{"class":73},[59,87768,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87782,87784,87786],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87770,86948],{"class":86443},[59,87772,358],{"class":73},[59,87774,70003],{"class":142},[59,87776,139],{"class":73},[59,87778,78],{"class":77},[59,87780,87781],{"class":81},"Third line",[59,87783,86961],{"class":1784},[59,87785,78],{"class":77},[59,87787,165],{"class":73},[20,87789,87790],{},"Important detail:",[29,87792,87793,87798,87805],{},[32,87794,87795,87797],{},[15,87796,86533],{}," writes a string",[32,87799,87800,14053,87802,87804],{},[15,87801,86533],{},[549,87803,4647],{}," add a newline for you",[32,87806,87807,87808,87260],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87809,86961],{},[20,87811,87812,87813,2896,87817,358],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[354,87814,87816],{"href":87815},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[354,87818,87820],{"href":87819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[45,87822,87824],{"id":87823},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87826,87827],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1127,87829,87831],{"id":87830},"encodingutf-8",[15,87832,86778],{},[20,87834,87835],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[50,87837,87839],{"className":52,"code":87838,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87840,87841,87884],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87842,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87844,86402],{"class":120},[59,87846,86405],{"class":135},[59,87848,139],{"class":73},[59,87850,78],{"class":77},[59,87852,87853],{"class":81},"message.txt",[59,87855,78],{"class":77},[59,87857,87],{"class":73},[59,87859,90],{"class":77},[59,87861,60312],{"class":81},[59,87863,78],{"class":77},[59,87865,87],{"class":73},[59,87867,86427],{"class":385},[59,87869,70],{"class":69},[59,87871,78],{"class":77},[59,87873,86434],{"class":81},[59,87875,78],{"class":77},[59,87877,3675],{"class":73},[59,87879,47160],{"class":120},[59,87881,86444],{"class":86443},[59,87883,1561],{"class":73},[59,87885,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,87887,152],{"class":135},[59,87889,139],{"class":73},[59,87891,86550],{"class":86443},[59,87893,358],{"class":73},[59,87895,86460],{"class":142},[59,87897,7201],{"class":73},[20,87899,87900],{},"Why it matters:",[29,87902,87903,87906,87909],{},[32,87904,87905],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[32,87907,87908],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[32,87910,87911],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1127,87913,87915],{"id":87914},"newline",[15,87916,87914],{},[20,87918,87919],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87921,87922],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1127,87924,87926],{"id":87925},"buffering",[15,87927,87925],{},[20,87929,87930],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87932,87933],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[45,87935,87937],{"id":87936},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87939,87940],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1127,87942,87944],{"id":87943},"filenotfounderror",[15,87945,87946],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87948,87949],{},"This happens when:",[29,87951,87952,87955,87958],{},[32,87953,87954],{},"the file does not exist",[32,87956,87957],{},"the path is wrong",[32,87959,87960],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87962,239],{},[50,87964,87966],{"className":52,"code":87965,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87967,87968,88011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,87969,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,87971,86402],{"class":120},[59,87973,86405],{"class":135},[59,87975,139],{"class":73},[59,87977,78],{"class":77},[59,87979,87980],{"class":81},"missing.txt",[59,87982,78],{"class":77},[59,87984,87],{"class":73},[59,87986,90],{"class":77},[59,87988,60312],{"class":81},[59,87990,78],{"class":77},[59,87992,87],{"class":73},[59,87994,86427],{"class":385},[59,87996,70],{"class":69},[59,87998,78],{"class":77},[59,88000,86434],{"class":81},[59,88002,78],{"class":77},[59,88004,3675],{"class":73},[59,88006,47160],{"class":120},[59,88008,86444],{"class":86443},[59,88010,1561],{"class":73},[59,88012,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88014,152],{"class":135},[59,88016,139],{"class":73},[59,88018,86550],{"class":86443},[59,88020,358],{"class":73},[59,88022,86460],{"class":142},[59,88024,7201],{"class":73},[20,88026,88027,88028,4408,88036,358],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[354,88029,88031,88032,88035],{"href":88030},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[59,88033,88034],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[354,88037,88039],{"href":88038},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1127,88041,88043],{"id":88042},"permissionerror",[15,88044,88045],{},"PermissionError",[20,88047,88048],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88050,88051],{},"Example causes:",[29,88053,88054,88057,88060],{},[32,88055,88056],{},"the file is protected",[32,88058,88059],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[32,88061,88062],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88064,88065,88066],{},"Related page: ",[354,88067,88069,88070,88073],{"href":88068},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[59,88071,88072],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1127,88075,88077],{"id":88076},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88078,88079],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88081,88082],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88084,239],{},[50,88086,88088],{"className":52,"code":88087,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88089,88090,88133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88091,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88103,88105,88107,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88093,86402],{"class":120},[59,88095,86405],{"class":135},[59,88097,139],{"class":73},[59,88099,78],{"class":77},[59,88101,88102],{"class":81},"my_folder",[59,88104,78],{"class":77},[59,88106,87],{"class":73},[59,88108,90],{"class":77},[59,88110,60312],{"class":81},[59,88112,78],{"class":77},[59,88114,87],{"class":73},[59,88116,86427],{"class":385},[59,88118,70],{"class":69},[59,88120,78],{"class":77},[59,88122,86434],{"class":81},[59,88124,78],{"class":77},[59,88126,3675],{"class":73},[59,88128,47160],{"class":120},[59,88130,86444],{"class":86443},[59,88132,1561],{"class":73},[59,88134,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88136,152],{"class":135},[59,88138,139],{"class":73},[59,88140,86550],{"class":86443},[59,88142,358],{"class":73},[59,88144,86460],{"class":142},[59,88146,7201],{"class":73},[20,88148,88065,88149],{},[354,88150,88152,88153,88156],{"href":88151},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[59,88154,88155],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1127,88158,88160],{"id":88159},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88161,88162],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88164,88165,88166,358],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88167,86383],{},[20,88169,88065,88170],{},[354,88171,88173],{"href":88172},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[45,88175,88177],{"id":88176},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88179,88180,88181,88183],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88182,86383],{}," function.",[20,88185,88186],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[29,88188,88189,88192,88195,88201],{},[32,88190,88191],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[32,88193,88194],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[32,88196,88197,88198,88200],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88199,86383],{}," itself",[32,88202,88203,88204],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[354,88205,88207],{"href":88206},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[45,88209,1579],{"id":1578},[20,88211,88212,88213,1002],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88214,86383],{},[29,88216,88217,88222,88228,88233,88236,88239],{},[32,88218,1599,88219,88221],{},[15,88220,86481],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[32,88223,88224,88225,88227],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88226,86682],{}," for text files",[32,88229,1599,88230,88232],{},[15,88231,86798],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[32,88234,88235],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[32,88237,88238],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[32,88240,88241],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88243,88244],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[50,88246,88248],{"className":52,"code":88247,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88249,88250,88257],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88251,88252,88254],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88253,35079],{"class":120},[59,88255,88256],{"class":65}," os\n",[59,88258,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88270],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88260,715],{"class":135},[59,88262,139],{"class":73},[59,88264,42426],{"class":142},[59,88266,358],{"class":73},[59,88268,88269],{"class":142},"getcwd",[59,88271,7201],{"class":73},[20,88273,88274],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[50,88276,88278],{"className":52,"code":88277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88279,88280,88286],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88281,88282,88284],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88283,35079],{"class":120},[59,88285,88256],{"class":65},[59,88287,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88299,88301,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88289,715],{"class":135},[59,88291,139],{"class":73},[59,88293,42426],{"class":142},[59,88295,358],{"class":73},[59,88297,88298],{"class":929},"path",[59,88300,358],{"class":73},[59,88302,88303],{"class":142},"exists",[59,88305,139],{"class":73},[59,88307,78],{"class":77},[59,88309,86412],{"class":81},[59,88311,78],{"class":77},[59,88313,710],{"class":73},[20,88315,88316],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[50,88318,88320],{"className":52,"code":88319,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88321,88322,88328],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88323,88324,88326],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88325,35079],{"class":120},[59,88327,88256],{"class":65},[59,88329,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88331,715],{"class":135},[59,88333,139],{"class":73},[59,88335,42426],{"class":142},[59,88337,358],{"class":73},[59,88339,88298],{"class":929},[59,88341,358],{"class":73},[59,88343,88344],{"class":142},"isfile",[59,88346,139],{"class":73},[59,88348,78],{"class":77},[59,88350,86412],{"class":81},[59,88352,78],{"class":77},[59,88354,710],{"class":73},[20,88356,88357],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[50,88359,88361],{"className":52,"code":88360,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88362,88363,88405],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88364,88365,88367,88369,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383,88385,88387,88389,88391,88393,88395,88397,88399,88401,88403],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88366,86402],{"class":120},[59,88368,86405],{"class":135},[59,88370,139],{"class":73},[59,88372,78],{"class":77},[59,88374,86412],{"class":81},[59,88376,78],{"class":77},[59,88378,87],{"class":73},[59,88380,90],{"class":77},[59,88382,60312],{"class":81},[59,88384,78],{"class":77},[59,88386,87],{"class":73},[59,88388,86427],{"class":385},[59,88390,70],{"class":69},[59,88392,78],{"class":77},[59,88394,86434],{"class":81},[59,88396,78],{"class":77},[59,88398,3675],{"class":73},[59,88400,47160],{"class":120},[59,88402,86444],{"class":86443},[59,88404,1561],{"class":73},[59,88406,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88408,152],{"class":135},[59,88410,139],{"class":73},[59,88412,86550],{"class":86443},[59,88414,358],{"class":73},[59,88416,86460],{"class":142},[59,88418,7201],{"class":73},[20,88420,88421],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[45,88423,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,88425,88427],{"id":88426},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88429,88430],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1127,88432,88434],{"id":88433},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88436,88437,88438,88440],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88439,86402],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1127,88442,5190,88444,4408,88446,88448],{"id":88443},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88445,86798],{},[15,88447,18094],{}," mode?",[20,88450,88451,88453,88454,88456],{},[15,88452,86798],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88455,18094],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1127,88458,88460],{"id":88459},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88462,88463],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1127,88465,88467],{"id":88466},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88469,88470,88471,88473],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88472,86778],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[45,88475,1927],{"id":1926},[29,88477,88478,88482,88486,88490,88494,88498,88502,88508],{},[32,88479,88480],{},[354,88481,87611],{"href":87610},[32,88483,88484],{},[354,88485,87816],{"href":87815},[32,88487,88488],{},[354,88489,87820],{"href":87819},[32,88491,88492],{},[354,88493,87615],{"href":87614},[32,88495,88496],{},[354,88497,88207],{"href":88206},[32,88499,88500],{},[354,88501,88039],{"href":88038},[32,88503,88504],{},[354,88505,88031,88506,88035],{"href":88030},[59,88507,88034],{},[32,88509,88510],{},[354,88511,88069,88512,88073],{"href":88068},[59,88513,88072],{},[1953,88515,88516],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":88518},[88519,88520,88521,88522,88523,88524,88525,88530,88531,88536,88542,88543,88544,88552],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":86485,"depth":110,"text":86486},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":86782,"depth":110,"text":86783},{"id":87046,"depth":110,"text":87047},{"id":87170,"depth":110,"text":87171},{"id":87353,"depth":110,"text":87354,"children":88526},[88527,88528,88529],{"id":87363,"depth":117,"text":87364},{"id":87442,"depth":117,"text":87443},{"id":87525,"depth":117,"text":87526},{"id":87618,"depth":110,"text":87619},{"id":87823,"depth":110,"text":87824,"children":88532},[88533,88534,88535],{"id":87830,"depth":117,"text":86778},{"id":87914,"depth":117,"text":87914},{"id":87925,"depth":117,"text":87925},{"id":87936,"depth":110,"text":87937,"children":88537},[88538,88539,88540,88541],{"id":87943,"depth":117,"text":87946},{"id":88042,"depth":117,"text":88045},{"id":88076,"depth":117,"text":88079},{"id":88159,"depth":117,"text":88162},{"id":88176,"depth":110,"text":88177},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":88545},[88546,88547,88548,88550,88551],{"id":88426,"depth":117,"text":88427},{"id":88433,"depth":117,"text":88434},{"id":88443,"depth":117,"text":88549},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88459,"depth":117,"text":88460},{"id":88466,"depth":117,"text":88467},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86373,"description":88553},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88560,"title":88561,"body":88562,"description":90557,"extension":1988,"meta":90558,"navigation":113,"path":90559,"seo":90560,"stem":90561,"__hash__":90562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88563,"toc":90504},[88564,88569,88574,88580,88582,88650,88652,88671,88676,88681,88686,88689,88701,88703,88746,88748,88766,88777,88779,88781,88806,88808,88819,88821,88881,88883,88909,88912,88916,88921,88925,88928,88962,88966,88969,88994,88998,89021,89025,89058,89063,89067,89072,89075,89143,89145,89169,89174,89177,89208,89210,89242,89259,89263,89268,89292,89299,89304,89309,89312,89316,89351,89353,89362,89366,89457,89459,89490,89495,89502,89507,89516,89519,89553,89555,89569,89573,89614,89616,89625,89629,89677,89679,89693,89698,89709,89716,89722,89724,89759,89761,89775,89778,89800,89806,89835,89846,89852,89858,89872,89874,89953,89955,90005,90012,90014,90019,90023,90026,90041,90046,90048,90067,90073,90076,90091,90093,90111,90117,90122,90152,90155,90178,90181,90208,90215,90221,90229,90252,90257,90265,90267,90287,90291,90297,90347,90350,90372,90374,90380,90388,90394,90400,90408,90413,90417,90420,90443,90448,90455,90467,90469,90501],[10,88565,13,88567,18],{"id":88566},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88568,46254],{},[20,88570,32306,88571,88573],{},[15,88572,46254],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88575,88576,88577,88579],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88578,46254],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[45,88581,48],{"id":47},[50,88583,88585],{"className":52,"code":88584,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88586,88587,88599,88608,88612,88622,88632],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88588,88589,88591,88593,88595,88597],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88590,7882],{"class":65},[59,88592,70],{"class":69},[59,88594,90],{"class":77},[59,88596,7927],{"class":81},[59,88598,3374],{"class":77},[59,88600,88601,88603,88605],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88602,21626],{"class":65},[59,88604,70],{"class":69},[59,88606,88607],{"class":178}," 12\n",[59,88609,88610],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88611,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,88613,88614,88616,88618,88620],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,88615,715],{"class":135},[59,88617,139],{"class":73},[59,88619,7676],{"class":142},[59,88621,165],{"class":73},[59,88623,88624,88626,88628,88630],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,88625,715],{"class":135},[59,88627,139],{"class":73},[59,88629,9299],{"class":142},[59,88631,165],{"class":73},[59,88633,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,88635,715],{"class":135},[59,88637,139],{"class":73},[59,88639,78],{"class":77},[59,88641,34855],{"class":81},[59,88643,78],{"class":77},[59,88645,87],{"class":73},[59,88647,319],{"class":142},[59,88649,165],{"class":73},[20,88651,168],{},[50,88653,88655],{"className":52,"code":88654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88656,88657,88662,88666],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88658,88659],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88660,88661],{"class":65},"Mia\n",[59,88663,88664],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88665,2244],{"class":178},[59,88667,88668],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88669,88670],{"class":65},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88672,201,88673,88675],{},[15,88674,46254],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[45,88677,208,88679,211],{"id":88678},"what-print-does",[15,88680,46254],{},[20,88682,88683,88685],{},[15,88684,46254],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88687,88688],{},"You can use it to display:",[29,88690,88691,88693,88695,88698],{},[32,88692,34696],{},[32,88694,707],{},[32,88696,88697],{},"variables",[32,88699,88700],{},"expressions",[20,88702,239],{},[50,88704,88706],{"className":52,"code":88705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88707,88708,88722,88732],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88709,88710,88712,88714,88716,88718,88720],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88711,715],{"class":135},[59,88713,139],{"class":73},[59,88715,78],{"class":77},[59,88717,34855],{"class":81},[59,88719,78],{"class":77},[59,88721,165],{"class":73},[59,88723,88724,88726,88728,88730],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88725,715],{"class":135},[59,88727,139],{"class":73},[59,88729,2159],{"class":178},[59,88731,165],{"class":73},[59,88733,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88735,715],{"class":135},[59,88737,139],{"class":73},[59,88739,195],{"class":178},[59,88741,2472],{"class":69},[59,88743,2469],{"class":178},[59,88745,165],{"class":73},[20,88747,168],{},[50,88749,88751],{"className":52,"code":88750,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88752,88753,88758,88762],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88754,88755],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88756,88757],{"class":65},"Hello\n",[59,88759,88760],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88761,2964],{"class":178},[59,88763,88764],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88765,2964],{"class":178},[20,88767,88768,88769,88771,88772,88776],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88770,46254],{}," ",[549,88773,3706,88774],{},[15,88775,3792],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[45,88778,362],{"id":361},[20,88780,30713],{},[50,88782,88784],{"className":52,"code":88783,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88785,88786],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88787,88788,88790,88792,88795,88797,88800,88802,88804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88789,715],{"class":135},[59,88791,139],{"class":73},[59,88793,88794],{"class":142},"object1",[59,88796,87],{"class":73},[59,88798,88799],{"class":142}," object2",[59,88801,87],{"class":73},[59,88803,34441],{"class":135},[59,88805,165],{"class":73},[20,88807,80011],{},[29,88809,88810,88813,88816],{},[32,88811,88812],{},"one value",[32,88814,88815],{},"many values",[32,88817,88818],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88820,239],{},[50,88822,88824],{"className":52,"code":88823,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88825,88826,88840,88859],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88827,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88838],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88829,715],{"class":135},[59,88831,139],{"class":73},[59,88833,78],{"class":77},[59,88835,57574],{"class":81},[59,88837,78],{"class":77},[59,88839,165],{"class":73},[59,88841,88842,88844,88846,88848,88851,88853,88855,88857],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88843,715],{"class":135},[59,88845,139],{"class":73},[59,88847,78],{"class":77},[59,88849,88850],{"class":81},"Score:",[59,88852,78],{"class":77},[59,88854,87],{"class":73},[59,88856,741],{"class":178},[59,88858,165],{"class":73},[59,88860,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871,88873,88875,88877,88879],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88862,715],{"class":135},[59,88864,139],{"class":73},[59,88866,78],{"class":77},[59,88868,45365],{"class":81},[59,88870,78],{"class":77},[59,88872,87],{"class":73},[59,88874,2475],{"class":178},[59,88876,2472],{"class":69},[59,88878,37441],{"class":178},[59,88880,165],{"class":73},[20,88882,168],{},[50,88884,88886],{"className":52,"code":88885,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88887,88888,88892,88901],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88889,88890],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88891,85164],{"class":65},[59,88893,88894,88897,88899],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88895,88896],{"class":65},"Score",[59,88898,1002],{"class":73},[59,88900,2605],{"class":178},[59,88902,88903,88905,88907],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,88904,45405],{"class":65},[59,88906,1002],{"class":73},[59,88908,2605],{"class":178},[20,88910,88911],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[45,88913,88915],{"id":88914},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88917,88918,88919,358],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88920,46254],{},[1127,88922,88924],{"id":88923},"print-text","Print text",[20,88926,88927],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[50,88929,88931],{"className":52,"code":88930,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88932,88933,88947],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88934,88935,88937,88939,88941,88943,88945],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88936,715],{"class":135},[59,88938,139],{"class":73},[59,88940,78],{"class":77},[59,88942,34855],{"class":81},[59,88944,78],{"class":77},[59,88946,165],{"class":73},[59,88948,88949,88951,88953,88955,88958,88960],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88950,715],{"class":135},[59,88952,139],{"class":73},[59,88954,78],{"class":77},[59,88956,88957],{"class":81},"Python is fun",[59,88959,78],{"class":77},[59,88961,165],{"class":73},[1127,88963,88965],{"id":88964},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88967,88968],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[50,88970,88972],{"className":52,"code":88971,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88973,88974,88984],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,88975,88976,88978,88980,88982],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,88977,715],{"class":135},[59,88979,139],{"class":73},[59,88981,2159],{"class":178},[59,88983,165],{"class":73},[59,88985,88986,88988,88990,88992],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,88987,715],{"class":135},[59,88989,139],{"class":73},[59,88991,39942],{"class":178},[59,88993,165],{"class":73},[1127,88995,88997],{"id":88996},"print-variables","Print variables",[50,88999,89001],{"className":52,"code":89000,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89002,89003,89011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89004,89005,89007,89009],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89006,5109],{"class":65},[59,89008,70],{"class":69},[59,89010,14130],{"class":178},[59,89012,89013,89015,89017,89019],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89014,715],{"class":135},[59,89016,139],{"class":73},[59,89018,85328],{"class":142},[59,89020,165],{"class":73},[1127,89022,89024],{"id":89023},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[50,89026,89028],{"className":52,"code":89027,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89029,89030,89044],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89031,89032,89034,89036,89038,89040,89042],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89033,715],{"class":135},[59,89035,139],{"class":73},[59,89037,195],{"class":178},[59,89039,2472],{"class":69},[59,89041,2469],{"class":178},[59,89043,165],{"class":73},[59,89045,89046,89048,89050,89052,89054,89056],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89047,715],{"class":135},[59,89049,139],{"class":73},[59,89051,671],{"class":178},[59,89053,82640],{"class":69},[59,89055,2475],{"class":178},[59,89057,165],{"class":73},[20,89059,89060,89061,358],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[354,89062,50780],{"href":50779},[45,89064,89066],{"id":89065},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89068,89069,89071],{},[15,89070,46254],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89073,89074],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[50,89076,89078],{"className":52,"code":89077,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89079,89080,89093,89101,89105,89124],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89081,89082,89084,89086,89088,89091],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89083,7882],{"class":65},[59,89085,70],{"class":69},[59,89087,90],{"class":77},[59,89089,89090],{"class":81},"Ava",[59,89092,3374],{"class":77},[59,89094,89095,89097,89099],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89096,21626],{"class":65},[59,89098,70],{"class":69},[59,89100,2605],{"class":178},[59,89102,89103],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,89104,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,89106,89107,89109,89111,89113,89116,89118,89120,89122],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,89108,715],{"class":135},[59,89110,139],{"class":73},[59,89112,78],{"class":77},[59,89114,89115],{"class":81},"Name:",[59,89117,78],{"class":77},[59,89119,87],{"class":73},[59,89121,319],{"class":142},[59,89123,165],{"class":73},[59,89125,89126,89128,89130,89132,89135,89137,89139,89141],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,89127,715],{"class":135},[59,89129,139],{"class":73},[59,89131,78],{"class":77},[59,89133,89134],{"class":81},"Age:",[59,89136,78],{"class":77},[59,89138,87],{"class":73},[59,89140,9192],{"class":142},[59,89142,165],{"class":73},[20,89144,168],{},[50,89146,89148],{"className":52,"code":89147,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89149,89150,89160],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89151,89152,89155,89157],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89153,89154],{"class":65},"Name",[59,89156,1002],{"class":73},[59,89158,89159],{"class":65}," Ava\n",[59,89161,89162,89165,89167],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89163,89164],{"class":65},"Age",[59,89166,1002],{"class":73},[59,89168,2605],{"class":178},[20,89170,89171,89172,358],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89173,2084],{},[20,89175,89176],{},"For example, this works:",[50,89178,89180],{"className":52,"code":89179,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89181,89182,89190],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89183,89184,89186,89188],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89185,21626],{"class":65},[59,89187,70],{"class":69},[59,89189,2605],{"class":178},[59,89191,89192,89194,89196,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89193,715],{"class":135},[59,89195,139],{"class":73},[59,89197,78],{"class":77},[59,89199,89134],{"class":81},[59,89201,78],{"class":77},[59,89203,87],{"class":73},[59,89205,9192],{"class":142},[59,89207,165],{"class":73},[20,89209,1317],{},[50,89211,89213],{"className":52,"code":89212,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89214,89215,89223],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89216,89217,89219,89221],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89218,21626],{"class":65},[59,89220,70],{"class":69},[59,89222,2605],{"class":178},[59,89224,89225,89227,89229,89231,89234,89236,89238,89240],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89226,715],{"class":135},[59,89228,139],{"class":73},[59,89230,78],{"class":77},[59,89232,89233],{"class":81},"Age: ",[59,89235,78],{"class":77},[59,89237,2472],{"class":69},[59,89239,9192],{"class":142},[59,89241,165],{"class":73},[20,89243,89244,89245,89248,89249,89251,89252,89254,89255,358],{},"That fails because ",[15,89246,89247],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89250,9299],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89253,2084],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[354,89256,89257],{"href":41975},[15,89258,47486],{},[45,89260,89262],{"id":89261},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89264,89265,89267],{},[15,89266,46254],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[29,89269,89270,89276,89281,89286],{},[32,89271,89272,89275],{},[15,89273,89274],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[32,89277,89278,89280],{},[15,89279,52465],{}," controls what is added after the output",[32,89282,89283,89285],{},[15,89284,86550],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[32,89287,89288,89291],{},[15,89289,89290],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89293,89294,89295,4408,89297,358],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89296,89274],{},[15,89298,52465],{},[45,89300,89302,987],{"id":89301},"sep-argument",[15,89303,89274],{},[20,89305,2005,89306,89308],{},[15,89307,89274],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89310,89311],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1127,89313,89315],{"id":89314},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[50,89317,89319],{"className":52,"code":89318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89320,89321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89322,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89324,715],{"class":135},[59,89326,139],{"class":73},[59,89328,78],{"class":77},[59,89330,82],{"class":81},[59,89332,78],{"class":77},[59,89334,87],{"class":73},[59,89336,90],{"class":77},[59,89338,93],{"class":81},[59,89340,78],{"class":77},[59,89342,87],{"class":73},[59,89344,90],{"class":77},[59,89346,102],{"class":81},[59,89348,78],{"class":77},[59,89350,165],{"class":73},[20,89352,168],{},[50,89354,89356],{"className":52,"code":89355,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"red green blue\n",[15,89357,89358],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89359,89360],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89361,89355],{"class":65},[1127,89363,89365],{"id":89364},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[50,89367,89369],{"className":52,"code":89368,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89370,89371,89414],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89372,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89374,715],{"class":135},[59,89376,139],{"class":73},[59,89378,78],{"class":77},[59,89380,82],{"class":81},[59,89382,78],{"class":77},[59,89384,87],{"class":73},[59,89386,90],{"class":77},[59,89388,93],{"class":81},[59,89390,78],{"class":77},[59,89392,87],{"class":73},[59,89394,90],{"class":77},[59,89396,102],{"class":81},[59,89398,78],{"class":77},[59,89400,87],{"class":73},[59,89402,89403],{"class":385}," sep",[59,89405,70],{"class":69},[59,89407,78],{"class":77},[59,89409,87],{"class":81},[59,89411,78],{"class":77},[59,89413,165],{"class":73},[59,89415,89416,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89453,89455],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89417,715],{"class":135},[59,89419,139],{"class":73},[59,89421,78],{"class":77},[59,89423,82],{"class":81},[59,89425,78],{"class":77},[59,89427,87],{"class":73},[59,89429,90],{"class":77},[59,89431,93],{"class":81},[59,89433,78],{"class":77},[59,89435,87],{"class":73},[59,89437,90],{"class":77},[59,89439,102],{"class":81},[59,89441,78],{"class":77},[59,89443,87],{"class":73},[59,89445,89403],{"class":385},[59,89447,70],{"class":69},[59,89449,78],{"class":77},[59,89451,89452],{"class":81}," - ",[59,89454,78],{"class":77},[59,89456,165],{"class":73},[20,89458,168],{},[50,89460,89462],{"className":52,"code":89461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89463,89464,89476],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89465,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89467,82],{"class":65},[59,89469,87],{"class":73},[59,89471,93],{"class":65},[59,89473,87],{"class":73},[59,89475,69789],{"class":65},[59,89477,89478,89481,89483,89486,89488],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89479,89480],{"class":65},"red ",[59,89482,2047],{"class":69},[59,89484,89485],{"class":65}," green ",[59,89487,2047],{"class":69},[59,89489,198],{"class":65},[20,89491,89492,89494],{},[15,89493,89274],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89496,89497,89498,358],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[354,89499,89501],{"href":89500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[45,89503,89505,987],{"id":89504},"end-argument",[15,89506,52465],{},[20,89508,89509,89510,89512,89513,89515],{},"By default, ",[15,89511,46254],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89514,46254],{}," starts on a new line.",[1127,89517,89315],{"id":89518},"default-behavior-1",[50,89520,89522],{"className":52,"code":89521,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89523,89524,89538],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89525,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89527,715],{"class":135},[59,89529,139],{"class":73},[59,89531,78],{"class":77},[59,89533,34855],{"class":81},[59,89535,78],{"class":77},[59,89537,165],{"class":73},[59,89539,89540,89542,89544,89546,89549,89551],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89541,715],{"class":135},[59,89543,139],{"class":73},[59,89545,78],{"class":77},[59,89547,89548],{"class":81},"World",[59,89550,78],{"class":77},[59,89552,165],{"class":73},[20,89554,168],{},[50,89556,89558],{"className":52,"code":89557,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89559,89560,89564],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89561,89562],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89563,88757],{"class":65},[59,89565,89566],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89567,89568],{"class":65},"World\n",[1127,89570,89572],{"id":89571},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[50,89574,89576],{"className":52,"code":89575,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89577,89578,89600],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89579,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89581,715],{"class":135},[59,89583,139],{"class":73},[59,89585,78],{"class":77},[59,89587,34855],{"class":81},[59,89589,78],{"class":77},[59,89591,87],{"class":73},[59,89593,64848],{"class":385},[59,89595,70],{"class":69},[59,89597,6278],{"class":77},[59,89599,165],{"class":73},[59,89601,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89603,715],{"class":135},[59,89605,139],{"class":73},[59,89607,78],{"class":77},[59,89609,89548],{"class":81},[59,89611,78],{"class":77},[59,89613,165],{"class":73},[20,89615,168],{},[50,89617,89619],{"className":52,"code":89618,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89620,89621],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89622,89623],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89624,89618],{"class":65},[1127,89626,89628],{"id":89627},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[50,89630,89632],{"className":52,"code":89631,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89633,89634,89663],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89635,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89657,89659,89661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89637,715],{"class":135},[59,89639,139],{"class":73},[59,89641,78],{"class":77},[59,89643,34855],{"class":81},[59,89645,78],{"class":77},[59,89647,87],{"class":73},[59,89649,64848],{"class":385},[59,89651,70],{"class":69},[59,89653,78],{"class":77},[59,89655,89656],{"class":81},"!",[59,89658,86961],{"class":1784},[59,89660,78],{"class":77},[59,89662,165],{"class":73},[59,89664,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89666,715],{"class":135},[59,89668,139],{"class":73},[59,89670,78],{"class":77},[59,89672,89548],{"class":81},[59,89674,78],{"class":77},[59,89676,165],{"class":73},[20,89678,168],{},[50,89680,89682],{"className":52,"code":89681,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89683,89684,89689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89685,89686],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89687,89688],{"class":65},"Hello!\n",[59,89690,89691],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89692,89568],{"class":65},[20,89694,2005,89695,89697],{},[15,89696,52465],{}," argument is useful for:",[29,89699,89700,89703,89706],{},[32,89701,89702],{},"progress messages",[32,89704,89705],{},"inline output",[32,89707,89708],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[45,89710,89712,2414,89714],{"id":89711},"print-returns-none",[15,89713,46254],{},[15,89715,3792],{},[20,89717,89718,89719,89721],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89720,46254],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89723,239],{},[50,89725,89727],{"className":52,"code":89726,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89728,89729,89749],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89730,89731,89733,89735,89738,89740,89742,89745,89747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89732,692],{"class":65},[59,89734,70],{"class":69},[59,89736,89737],{"class":135}," print",[59,89739,139],{"class":73},[59,89741,78],{"class":77},[59,89743,89744],{"class":81},"Hi",[59,89746,78],{"class":77},[59,89748,165],{"class":73},[59,89750,89751,89753,89755,89757],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89752,715],{"class":135},[59,89754,139],{"class":73},[59,89756,720],{"class":142},[59,89758,165],{"class":73},[20,89760,168],{},[50,89762,89764],{"className":52,"code":89763,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89765,89766,89771],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89767,89768],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89769,89770],{"class":65},"Hi\n",[59,89772,89773],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89774,11810],{"class":3867},[20,89776,89777],{},"Why does this happen?",[29,89779,89780,89788,89793],{},[32,89781,89782,89785,89786],{},[15,89783,89784],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89787,89744],{},[32,89789,89790,89791],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89792,3792],{},[32,89794,89795,89796,11922,89798],{},"so ",[15,89797,720],{},[15,89799,3792],{},[20,89801,89802,89803,89805],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89804,46254],{}," call.",[50,89807,89809],{"className":52,"code":89808,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89810,89811,89824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89812,89813,89816,89818,89820,89822],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89814,89815],{"class":65},"message ",[59,89817,70],{"class":69},[59,89819,90],{"class":77},[59,89821,89744],{"class":81},[59,89823,3374],{"class":77},[59,89825,89826,89828,89830,89833],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89827,715],{"class":135},[59,89829,139],{"class":73},[59,89831,89832],{"class":142},"message",[59,89834,165],{"class":73},[20,89836,89837,89838,89840,89841,89845],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89839,46254],{}," with functions like ",[354,89842,89843],{"href":8224},[15,89844,2975],{},", which do return a value.",[45,89847,89849,89850],{"id":89848},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89851,46254],{},[20,89853,89854,89855,89857],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89856,46254],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[29,89859,89860,89863,89866,89869],{},[32,89861,89862],{},"to display results to the user",[32,89864,89865],{},"to show messages in a script",[32,89867,89868],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[32,89870,89871],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89873,239],{},[50,89875,89877],{"className":52,"code":89876,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89878,89879,89887,89891,89911,89922],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89880,89881,89883,89885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89882,40982],{"class":65},[59,89884,70],{"class":69},[59,89886,38311],{"class":178},[59,89888,89889],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89890,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,89892,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,89894,121],{"class":120},[59,89896,6393],{"class":65},[59,89898,132],{"class":120},[59,89900,53875],{"class":135},[59,89902,139],{"class":73},[59,89904,187],{"class":178},[59,89906,87],{"class":73},[59,89908,2475],{"class":178},[59,89910,146],{"class":73},[59,89912,89913,89916,89919],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,89914,89915],{"class":65},"    total ",[59,89917,89918],{"class":69},"+=",[59,89920,89921],{"class":65}," number\n",[59,89923,89924,89926,89928,89930,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949,89951],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,89925,152],{"class":135},[59,89927,139],{"class":73},[59,89929,78],{"class":77},[59,89931,89932],{"class":81},"Current number:",[59,89934,78],{"class":77},[59,89936,87],{"class":73},[59,89938,854],{"class":142},[59,89940,87],{"class":73},[59,89942,90],{"class":77},[59,89944,45365],{"class":81},[59,89946,78],{"class":77},[59,89948,87],{"class":73},[59,89950,45372],{"class":142},[59,89952,165],{"class":73},[20,89954,168],{},[50,89956,89958],{"className":52,"code":89957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89959,89960,89976,89990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,89961,89962,89965,89967,89969,89972,89974],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,89963,89964],{"class":65},"Current number",[59,89966,1002],{"class":73},[59,89968,5506],{"class":178},[59,89970,89971],{"class":65}," Total",[59,89973,1002],{"class":73},[59,89975,29603],{"class":178},[59,89977,89978,89980,89982,89984,89986,89988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,89979,89964],{"class":65},[59,89981,1002],{"class":73},[59,89983,3009],{"class":178},[59,89985,89971],{"class":65},[59,89987,1002],{"class":73},[59,89989,2595],{"class":178},[59,89991,89992,89994,89996,89998,90000,90002],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,89993,89964],{"class":65},[59,89995,1002],{"class":73},[59,89997,2469],{"class":178},[59,89999,89971],{"class":65},[59,90001,1002],{"class":73},[59,90003,90004],{"class":178}," 6\n",[20,90006,90007,90008,358],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[354,90009,90011],{"href":90010},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[45,90013,1579],{"id":1578},[20,90015,90016,90017,358],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90018,46254],{},[1127,90020,90022],{"id":90021},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90024,90025],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[50,90027,90029],{"className":52,"code":90028,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90030,90031],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90032,90033,90035,90037,90039],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90034,715],{"class":135},[59,90036,139],{"class":73},[59,90038,34855],{"class":142},[59,90040,165],{"class":73},[20,90042,8879,90043,90045],{},[15,90044,34855],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90047,10809],{},[50,90049,90051],{"className":52,"code":90050,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90052,90053],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90054,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90056,715],{"class":135},[59,90058,139],{"class":73},[59,90060,78],{"class":77},[59,90062,34855],{"class":81},[59,90064,78],{"class":77},[59,90066,165],{"class":73},[1127,90068,1599,90070,90072],{"id":90069},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90071,715],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90074,90075],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[50,90077,90079],{"className":52,"code":90078,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90080,90081],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90082,90083,90085,90087,90089],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90084,715],{"class":135},[59,90086,90],{"class":77},[59,90088,34855],{"class":81},[59,90090,3374],{"class":77},[20,90092,10809],{},[50,90094,90095],{"className":52,"code":90050,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,90096,90097],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90100,715],{"class":135},[59,90102,139],{"class":73},[59,90104,78],{"class":77},[59,90106,34855],{"class":81},[59,90108,78],{"class":77},[59,90110,165],{"class":73},[1127,90112,90114,90115],{"id":90113},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90116,2084],{},[20,90118,90119,90120,358],{},"This causes a ",[15,90121,3021],{},[50,90123,90124],{"className":52,"code":89212,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,90125,90126,90134],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90127,90128,90130,90132],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90129,21626],{"class":65},[59,90131,70],{"class":69},[59,90133,2605],{"class":178},[59,90135,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90137,715],{"class":135},[59,90139,139],{"class":73},[59,90141,78],{"class":77},[59,90143,89233],{"class":81},[59,90145,78],{"class":77},[59,90147,2472],{"class":69},[59,90149,9192],{"class":142},[59,90151,165],{"class":73},[20,90153,90154],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[50,90156,90158],{"className":52,"code":90157,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90159,90160],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90161,90162,90164,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90163,715],{"class":135},[59,90165,139],{"class":73},[59,90167,78],{"class":77},[59,90169,89134],{"class":81},[59,90171,78],{"class":77},[59,90173,87],{"class":73},[59,90175,9192],{"class":142},[59,90177,165],{"class":73},[20,90179,90180],{},"Or convert the number first:",[50,90182,90184],{"className":52,"code":90183,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90185,90186],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90187,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90189,715],{"class":135},[59,90191,139],{"class":73},[59,90193,78],{"class":77},[59,90195,89233],{"class":81},[59,90197,78],{"class":77},[59,90199,2472],{"class":69},[59,90201,48707],{"class":697},[59,90203,139],{"class":73},[59,90205,9299],{"class":142},[59,90207,710],{"class":73},[20,90209,90210,90211,358],{},"If you see this error, read ",[354,90212,90214],{"href":90213},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1127,90216,8456,90218,90220],{"id":90217},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90219,46254],{}," to return a value",[20,90222,90223,90224,35318,90227,1002],{},"This does not store ",[15,90225,90226],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90228,720],{},[50,90230,90232],{"className":52,"code":90231,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90233,90234],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90235,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90237,692],{"class":65},[59,90239,70],{"class":69},[59,90241,89737],{"class":135},[59,90243,139],{"class":73},[59,90245,78],{"class":77},[59,90247,34855],{"class":81},[59,90249,78],{"class":77},[59,90251,165],{"class":73},[20,90253,90254,90255,358],{},"It stores ",[15,90256,3792],{},[1127,90258,90260,90261,4408,90263],{"id":90259},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90262,89274],{},[15,90264,52465],{},[20,90266,85620],{},[29,90268,90269,90278],{},[32,90270,90271,90273,90274,90277],{},[15,90272,89274],{}," changes what goes ",[549,90275,90276],{},"between"," multiple values",[32,90279,90280,90282,90283,90286],{},[15,90281,52465],{}," changes what appears ",[549,90284,90285],{},"after"," the output",[45,90288,90290],{"id":90289},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90292,90293,90294,90296],{},"These simple ",[15,90295,46254],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[50,90298,90300],{"className":52,"code":90299,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90301,90302,90322,90337],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90303,90304,90306,90308,90310,90313,90315,90317,90320],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90305,715],{"class":135},[59,90307,139],{"class":73},[59,90309,78],{"class":77},[59,90311,90312],{"class":81},"Debug:",[59,90314,78],{"class":77},[59,90316,87],{"class":73},[59,90318,90319],{"class":142}," variable_name",[59,90321,165],{"class":73},[59,90323,90324,90326,90328,90330,90332,90335],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90325,715],{"class":135},[59,90327,139],{"class":73},[59,90329,3239],{"class":697},[59,90331,139],{"class":73},[59,90333,90334],{"class":142},"variable_name",[59,90336,710],{"class":73},[59,90338,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,90340,32141],{"class":135},[59,90342,139],{"class":73},[59,90344,715],{"class":135},[59,90346,165],{"class":73},[20,90348,90349],{},"What they do:",[29,90351,90352,90358,90364],{},[32,90353,90354,90357],{},[15,90355,90356],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[32,90359,90360,90363],{},[15,90361,90362],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[32,90365,90366,90369,90370],{},[15,90367,90368],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90371,46254],{},[45,90373,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,90375,1882,90377,90379],{"id":90376},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90378,46254],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90381,90382,90383,90385,90386,993],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90384,46254],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90387,52465],{},[1127,90389,1914,90391,90393],{"id":90390},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90392,46254],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90395,90396,90397,90399],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90398,46254],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1127,90401,5169,90403,5172,90406,1905],{"id":90402},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90404,90405],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90407,3792],{},[20,90409,1397,90410,90412],{},[15,90411,46254],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1127,90414,90416],{"id":90415},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90418,90419],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[50,90421,90423],{"className":52,"code":90422,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90424,90425],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90426,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90428,715],{"class":135},[59,90430,139],{"class":73},[59,90432,78],{"class":77},[59,90434,89134],{"class":81},[59,90436,78],{"class":77},[59,90438,87],{"class":73},[59,90440,741],{"class":178},[59,90442,165],{"class":73},[20,90444,90445,90446,39728],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90447,47486],{},[1127,90449,5190,90451,4408,90453,1905],{"id":90450},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90452,89274],{},[15,90454,52465],{},[29,90456,90457,90462],{},[32,90458,90459,90461],{},[15,90460,89274],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[32,90463,90464,90466],{},[15,90465,52465],{}," changes what appears after the output",[45,90468,1927],{"id":1926},[29,90470,90471,90475,90481,90487,90492,90497],{},[32,90472,90473],{},[354,90474,50780],{"href":50779},[32,90476,90477],{},[354,90478,13,90479,536],{"href":8224},[15,90480,2975],{},[32,90482,90483],{},[354,90484,13,90485,536],{"href":41975},[15,90486,47486],{},[32,90488,90489],{},[354,90490,90491],{"href":89500},"How to format strings in Python",[32,90493,90494],{},[354,90495,90496],{"href":90010},"How to debug Python code",[32,90498,90499],{},[354,90500,90214],{"href":90213},[1953,90502,90503],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":90505},[90506,90507,90509,90510,90516,90517,90518,90523,90529,90531,90533,90544,90545,90556],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":88678,"depth":110,"text":90508},"What print() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":88914,"depth":110,"text":88915,"children":90511},[90512,90513,90514,90515],{"id":88923,"depth":117,"text":88924},{"id":88964,"depth":117,"text":88965},{"id":88996,"depth":117,"text":88997},{"id":89023,"depth":117,"text":89024},{"id":89065,"depth":110,"text":89066},{"id":89261,"depth":110,"text":89262},{"id":89301,"depth":110,"text":90519,"children":90520},"sep argument",[90521,90522],{"id":89314,"depth":117,"text":89315},{"id":89364,"depth":117,"text":89365},{"id":89504,"depth":110,"text":90524,"children":90525},"end argument",[90526,90527,90528],{"id":89518,"depth":117,"text":89315},{"id":89571,"depth":117,"text":89572},{"id":89627,"depth":117,"text":89628},{"id":89711,"depth":110,"text":90530},"print() returns None",{"id":89848,"depth":110,"text":90532},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":90534},[90535,90536,90538,90540,90542],{"id":90021,"depth":117,"text":90022},{"id":90069,"depth":117,"text":90537},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90113,"depth":117,"text":90539},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90217,"depth":117,"text":90541},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90259,"depth":117,"text":90543},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90289,"depth":110,"text":90290},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":90546},[90547,90549,90551,90553,90554],{"id":90376,"depth":117,"text":90548},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90390,"depth":117,"text":90550},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90402,"depth":117,"text":90552},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90415,"depth":117,"text":90416},{"id":90450,"depth":117,"text":90555},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88561,"description":90557},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90564,"title":90565,"body":90566,"description":92870,"extension":1988,"meta":92871,"navigation":113,"path":92872,"seo":92873,"stem":92874,"__hash__":92875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90567,"toc":92816},[90568,90573,90578,90591,90593,90658,90669,90674,90679,90681,90704,90707,90738,90740,90757,90762,90768,90773,90822,90825,90842,90848,90853,90876,90878,90906,90912,90920,90947,90949,90974,90980,90983,91014,91016,91045,91049,91052,91057,91079,91081,91109,91115,91121,91147,91149,91173,91179,91185,91215,91217,91245,91255,91259,91265,91298,91300,91329,91332,91335,91368,91370,91378,91384,91386,91409,91414,91423,91428,91442,91444,91484,91486,91516,91520,91555,91561,91565,91609,91611,91641,91647,91650,91729,91731,91753,91761,91764,91827,91835,91910,91916,91923,91928,91933,91956,91958,91979,91981,91994,91996,92043,92045,92084,92093,92095,92099,92103,92106,92133,92136,92165,92168,92192,92195,92203,92209,92231,92233,92261,92265,92270,92325,92330,92332,92389,92396,92405,92408,92440,92442,92450,92453,92459,92461,92484,92487,92493,92496,92515,92517,92536,92539,92561,92563,92591,92595,92599,92704,92706,92719,92721,92727,92730,92738,92743,92749,92755,92760,92768,92774,92781,92783,92813],[10,90569,13,90571,18],{"id":90570},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90572,535],{},[20,90574,32306,90575,90577],{},[15,90576,535],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90579,90580,90581,90583,90584,90586,90587,90590],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90582,121],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90585,535],{}," stops ",[549,90588,90589],{},"before"," the end value.",[45,90592,48],{"id":47},[50,90594,90596],{"className":52,"code":90595,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90597,90598,90614,90624,90628,90633,90638,90643,90648,90653],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90599,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610,90612],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90601,121],{"class":120},[59,90603,69356],{"class":65},[59,90605,132],{"class":120},[59,90607,53875],{"class":135},[59,90609,139],{"class":73},[59,90611,2159],{"class":178},[59,90613,146],{"class":73},[59,90615,90616,90618,90620,90622],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90617,152],{"class":135},[59,90619,139],{"class":73},[59,90621,491],{"class":142},[59,90623,165],{"class":73},[59,90625,90626],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,90627,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,90629,90630],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,90631,90632],{"class":3678},"# Output:\n",[59,90634,90635],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,90636,90637],{"class":3678},"# 0\n",[59,90639,90640],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,90641,90642],{"class":3678},"# 1\n",[59,90644,90645],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,90646,90647],{"class":3678},"# 2\n",[59,90649,90650],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,90651,90652],{"class":3678},"# 3\n",[59,90654,90655],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,90656,90657],{"class":3678},"# 4\n",[20,90659,90660,90663,90664,90666,90667,358],{},[15,90661,90662],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90665,179],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90668,2159],{},[45,90670,208,90672,211],{"id":90671},"what-range-does",[15,90673,535],{},[20,90675,90676,90678],{},[15,90677,535],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90680,13054],{},[29,90682,90683,90688,90694,90699],{},[32,90684,90685,90687],{},[15,90686,535],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[32,90689,90690,90691,90693],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90692,121],{}," loops",[32,90695,90696,90697],{},"The stop value is ",[549,90698,64877],{},[32,90700,17422,90701,90703],{},[15,90702,59805],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90705,90706],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[50,90708,90710],{"className":52,"code":90709,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90711,90712,90728],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90713,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90715,121],{"class":120},[59,90717,6393],{"class":65},[59,90719,132],{"class":120},[59,90721,53875],{"class":135},[59,90723,139],{"class":73},[59,90725,950],{"class":178},[59,90727,146],{"class":73},[59,90729,90730,90732,90734,90736],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90731,152],{"class":135},[59,90733,139],{"class":73},[59,90735,896],{"class":142},[59,90737,165],{"class":73},[20,90739,168],{},[50,90741,90743],{"className":52,"code":90742,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90744,90745,90749,90753],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90746,90747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90748,47054],{"class":178},[59,90750,90751],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90752,46719],{"class":178},[59,90754,90755],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,90756,17056],{"class":178},[20,90758,90759,90760,358],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[354,90761,357],{"href":356},[45,90763,90765,90767],{"id":90764},"range-syntax",[15,90766,535],{}," syntax",[20,90769,90770,90772],{},[15,90771,535],{}," has three common forms:",[50,90774,90776],{"className":52,"code":90775,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90777,90778,90788,90803],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90779,90780,90782,90784,90786],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90781,59805],{"class":135},[59,90783,139],{"class":73},[59,90785,75234],{"class":142},[59,90787,165],{"class":73},[59,90789,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90801],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,90791,59805],{"class":135},[59,90793,139],{"class":73},[59,90795,407],{"class":142},[59,90797,87],{"class":73},[59,90799,90800],{"class":142}," stop",[59,90802,165],{"class":73},[59,90804,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90820],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,90806,59805],{"class":135},[59,90808,139],{"class":73},[59,90810,407],{"class":142},[59,90812,87],{"class":73},[59,90814,90800],{"class":142},[59,90816,87],{"class":73},[59,90818,90819],{"class":142}," step",[59,90821,165],{"class":73},[20,90823,90824],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[29,90826,90827,90832,90837],{},[32,90828,90829,90831],{},[15,90830,407],{}," = first number",[32,90833,90834,90836],{},[15,90835,75234],{}," = end limit, not included",[32,90838,90839,90841],{},[15,90840,75237],{}," = amount to move each time",[1127,90843,90845],{"id":90844},"rangestop",[15,90846,90847],{},"range(stop)",[20,90849,90850,90851,358],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90852,179],{},[50,90854,90856],{"className":52,"code":90855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90857,90858],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90859,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90861,715],{"class":135},[59,90863,139],{"class":73},[59,90865,1651],{"class":697},[59,90867,139],{"class":73},[59,90869,59805],{"class":135},[59,90871,139],{"class":73},[59,90873,2159],{"class":178},[59,90875,1706],{"class":73},[20,90877,168],{},[50,90879,90880],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,90881,90882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90883,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90885,3914],{"class":73},[59,90887,179],{"class":178},[59,90889,87],{"class":73},[59,90891,5506],{"class":178},[59,90893,87],{"class":73},[59,90895,3009],{"class":178},[59,90897,87],{"class":73},[59,90899,2469],{"class":178},[59,90901,87],{"class":73},[59,90903,2475],{"class":178},[59,90905,107],{"class":73},[1127,90907,90909],{"id":90908},"rangestart-stop",[15,90910,90911],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90913,90914,90915,90917,90918,358],{},"This starts at ",[15,90916,407],{}," and stops before ",[15,90919,75234],{},[50,90921,90923],{"className":52,"code":90922,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90924,90925],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90928,715],{"class":135},[59,90930,139],{"class":73},[59,90932,1651],{"class":697},[59,90934,139],{"class":73},[59,90936,59805],{"class":135},[59,90938,139],{"class":73},[59,90940,195],{"class":178},[59,90942,87],{"class":73},[59,90944,37441],{"class":178},[59,90946,1706],{"class":73},[20,90948,168],{},[50,90950,90952],{"className":52,"code":90951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90953,90954],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90955,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90957,3914],{"class":73},[59,90959,195],{"class":178},[59,90961,87],{"class":73},[59,90963,2469],{"class":178},[59,90965,87],{"class":73},[59,90967,2475],{"class":178},[59,90969,87],{"class":73},[59,90971,4621],{"class":178},[59,90973,107],{"class":73},[1127,90975,90977],{"id":90976},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90978,90979],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90981,90982],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[50,90984,90986],{"className":52,"code":90985,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90987,90988],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,90989,90990,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,90991,715],{"class":135},[59,90993,139],{"class":73},[59,90995,1651],{"class":697},[59,90997,139],{"class":73},[59,90999,59805],{"class":135},[59,91001,139],{"class":73},[59,91003,187],{"class":178},[59,91005,87],{"class":73},[59,91007,741],{"class":178},[59,91009,87],{"class":73},[59,91011,3009],{"class":178},[59,91013,1706],{"class":73},[20,91015,168],{},[50,91017,91019],{"className":52,"code":91018,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91020,91021],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91024,3914],{"class":73},[59,91026,187],{"class":178},[59,91028,87],{"class":73},[59,91030,2469],{"class":178},[59,91032,87],{"class":73},[59,91034,4621],{"class":178},[59,91036,87],{"class":73},[59,91038,6000],{"class":178},[59,91040,87],{"class":73},[59,91042,53941],{"class":178},[59,91044,107],{"class":73},[45,91046,91048],{"id":91047},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91050,91051],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1127,91053,91055],{"id":91054},"range5",[15,91056,90662],{},[50,91058,91059],{"className":52,"code":90855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91060,91061],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91062,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91064,715],{"class":135},[59,91066,139],{"class":73},[59,91068,1651],{"class":697},[59,91070,139],{"class":73},[59,91072,59805],{"class":135},[59,91074,139],{"class":73},[59,91076,2159],{"class":178},[59,91078,1706],{"class":73},[20,91080,168],{},[50,91082,91083],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91084,91085],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91086,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91088,3914],{"class":73},[59,91090,179],{"class":178},[59,91092,87],{"class":73},[59,91094,5506],{"class":178},[59,91096,87],{"class":73},[59,91098,3009],{"class":178},[59,91100,87],{"class":73},[59,91102,2469],{"class":178},[59,91104,87],{"class":73},[59,91106,2475],{"class":178},[59,91108,107],{"class":73},[20,91110,90914,91111,90917,91113,358],{},[15,91112,179],{},[15,91114,2159],{},[1127,91116,91118],{"id":91117},"range2-6",[15,91119,91120],{},"range(2, 6)",[50,91122,91123],{"className":52,"code":90922,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91124,91125],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91126,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91128,715],{"class":135},[59,91130,139],{"class":73},[59,91132,1651],{"class":697},[59,91134,139],{"class":73},[59,91136,59805],{"class":135},[59,91138,139],{"class":73},[59,91140,195],{"class":178},[59,91142,87],{"class":73},[59,91144,37441],{"class":178},[59,91146,1706],{"class":73},[20,91148,168],{},[50,91150,91151],{"className":52,"code":90951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91152,91153],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91154,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91156,3914],{"class":73},[59,91158,195],{"class":178},[59,91160,87],{"class":73},[59,91162,2469],{"class":178},[59,91164,87],{"class":73},[59,91166,2475],{"class":178},[59,91168,87],{"class":73},[59,91170,4621],{"class":178},[59,91172,107],{"class":73},[20,91174,90914,91175,90917,91177,358],{},[15,91176,195],{},[15,91178,80402],{},[1127,91180,91182],{"id":91181},"range1-10-2",[15,91183,91184],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[50,91186,91187],{"className":52,"code":90985,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91188,91189],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91190,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91192,715],{"class":135},[59,91194,139],{"class":73},[59,91196,1651],{"class":697},[59,91198,139],{"class":73},[59,91200,59805],{"class":135},[59,91202,139],{"class":73},[59,91204,187],{"class":178},[59,91206,87],{"class":73},[59,91208,741],{"class":178},[59,91210,87],{"class":73},[59,91212,3009],{"class":178},[59,91214,1706],{"class":73},[20,91216,168],{},[50,91218,91219],{"className":52,"code":91018,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91220,91221],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91222,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91224,3914],{"class":73},[59,91226,187],{"class":178},[59,91228,87],{"class":73},[59,91230,2469],{"class":178},[59,91232,87],{"class":73},[59,91234,4621],{"class":178},[59,91236,87],{"class":73},[59,91238,6000],{"class":178},[59,91240,87],{"class":73},[59,91242,53941],{"class":178},[59,91244,107],{"class":73},[20,91246,91247,91248,91250,91251,61108,91253,358],{},"This moves by ",[15,91249,195],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91252,187],{},[15,91254,2167],{},[1127,91256,91258],{"id":91257},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91260,91261,91262,91264],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91263,535],{}," count backward.",[50,91266,91268],{"className":52,"code":91267,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91269,91270],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91271,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91273,715],{"class":135},[59,91275,139],{"class":73},[59,91277,1651],{"class":697},[59,91279,139],{"class":73},[59,91281,59805],{"class":135},[59,91283,139],{"class":73},[59,91285,2159],{"class":178},[59,91287,87],{"class":73},[59,91289,3848],{"class":178},[59,91291,87],{"class":73},[59,91293,2241],{"class":69},[59,91295,187],{"class":178},[59,91297,1706],{"class":73},[20,91299,168],{},[50,91301,91303],{"className":52,"code":91302,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91304,91305],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91306,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91308,3914],{"class":73},[59,91310,2159],{"class":178},[59,91312,87],{"class":73},[59,91314,2475],{"class":178},[59,91316,87],{"class":73},[59,91318,2469],{"class":178},[59,91320,87],{"class":73},[59,91322,3009],{"class":178},[59,91324,87],{"class":73},[59,91326,5506],{"class":178},[59,91328,107],{"class":73},[20,91330,91331],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91333,91334],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[50,91336,91338],{"className":52,"code":91337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91339,91340],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91341,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91343,715],{"class":135},[59,91345,139],{"class":73},[59,91347,1651],{"class":697},[59,91349,139],{"class":73},[59,91351,59805],{"class":135},[59,91353,139],{"class":73},[59,91355,187],{"class":178},[59,91357,87],{"class":73},[59,91359,4621],{"class":178},[59,91361,87],{"class":73},[59,91363,2241],{"class":69},[59,91365,187],{"class":178},[59,91367,1706],{"class":73},[20,91369,168],{},[50,91371,91372],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91373,91374],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91375,91376],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91377,38095],{"class":73},[1127,91379,91380,76397,91382],{"id":76621},[15,91381,75237],{},[15,91383,179],{},[20,91385,2854],{},[50,91387,91389],{"className":52,"code":91388,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91390,91391],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91394,59805],{"class":135},[59,91396,139],{"class":73},[59,91398,187],{"class":178},[59,91400,87],{"class":73},[59,91402,4621],{"class":178},[59,91404,87],{"class":73},[59,91406,3848],{"class":178},[59,91408,165],{"class":73},[20,91410,76666,91411,91413],{},[15,91412,40503],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[45,91415,1599,91417,91419,91420,91422],{"id":91416},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91418,535],{}," in a ",[15,91421,121],{}," loop",[20,91424,91425,91427],{},[15,91426,535],{}," is most useful when:",[29,91429,91430,91433,91436],{},[32,91431,91432],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[32,91434,91435],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[32,91437,91438,91439],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91440,91441],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91443,239],{},[50,91445,91447],{"className":52,"code":91446,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91448,91449,91465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91450,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91452,121],{"class":120},[59,91454,69356],{"class":65},[59,91456,132],{"class":120},[59,91458,53875],{"class":135},[59,91460,139],{"class":73},[59,91462,950],{"class":178},[59,91464,146],{"class":73},[59,91466,91467,91469,91471,91473,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91468,152],{"class":135},[59,91470,139],{"class":73},[59,91472,78],{"class":77},[59,91474,91475],{"class":81},"Loop number:",[59,91477,78],{"class":77},[59,91479,87],{"class":73},[59,91481,466],{"class":142},[59,91483,165],{"class":73},[20,91485,168],{},[50,91487,91489],{"className":52,"code":91488,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91490,91491,91500,91508],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91492,91493,91496,91498],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91494,91495],{"class":65},"Loop number",[59,91497,1002],{"class":73},[59,91499,38311],{"class":178},[59,91501,91502,91504,91506],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91503,91495],{"class":65},[59,91505,1002],{"class":73},[59,91507,29603],{"class":178},[59,91509,91510,91512,91514],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91511,91495],{"class":65},[59,91513,1002],{"class":73},[59,91515,45391],{"class":178},[1127,91517,91519],{"id":91518},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[50,91521,91523],{"className":52,"code":91522,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91524,91525,91541],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91526,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91528,121],{"class":120},[59,91530,69356],{"class":65},[59,91532,132],{"class":120},[59,91534,53875],{"class":135},[59,91536,139],{"class":73},[59,91538,2159],{"class":178},[59,91540,146],{"class":73},[59,91542,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91544,152],{"class":135},[59,91546,139],{"class":73},[59,91548,78],{"class":77},[59,91550,34855],{"class":81},[59,91552,78],{"class":77},[59,91554,165],{"class":73},[20,91556,91557,91558,91560],{},"This prints ",[15,91559,90226],{}," five times.",[1127,91562,91564],{"id":91563},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[50,91566,91568],{"className":52,"code":91567,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91569,91570,91590],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91571,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91573,121],{"class":120},[59,91575,69356],{"class":65},[59,91577,132],{"class":120},[59,91579,53875],{"class":135},[59,91581,139],{"class":73},[59,91583,187],{"class":178},[59,91585,87],{"class":73},[59,91587,2475],{"class":178},[59,91589,146],{"class":73},[59,91591,91592,91594,91596,91598,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91593,152],{"class":135},[59,91595,139],{"class":73},[59,91597,78],{"class":77},[59,91599,91600],{"class":81},"Current number is",[59,91602,78],{"class":77},[59,91604,87],{"class":73},[59,91606,466],{"class":142},[59,91608,165],{"class":73},[20,91610,168],{},[50,91612,91614],{"className":52,"code":91613,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91615,91616,91625,91633],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91617,91618,91621,91623],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91619,91620],{"class":65},"Current number ",[59,91622,12196],{"class":69},[59,91624,29603],{"class":178},[59,91626,91627,91629,91631],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91628,91620],{"class":65},[59,91630,12196],{"class":69},[59,91632,45391],{"class":178},[59,91634,91635,91637,91639],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91636,91620],{"class":65},[59,91638,12196],{"class":69},[59,91640,2595],{"class":178},[1127,91642,91644,91646],{"id":91643},"range-and-indexing",[15,91645,535],{}," and indexing",[20,91648,91649],{},"You may see code like this:",[50,91651,91653],{"className":52,"code":91652,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91654,91655,91687,91691,91711],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91656,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91658,1251],{"class":65},[59,91660,70],{"class":69},[59,91662,74],{"class":73},[59,91664,78],{"class":77},[59,91666,354],{"class":81},[59,91668,78],{"class":77},[59,91670,87],{"class":73},[59,91672,90],{"class":77},[59,91674,442],{"class":81},[59,91676,78],{"class":77},[59,91678,87],{"class":73},[59,91680,90],{"class":77},[59,91682,451],{"class":81},[59,91684,78],{"class":77},[59,91686,107],{"class":73},[59,91688,91689],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91690,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91694,121],{"class":120},[59,91696,69356],{"class":65},[59,91698,132],{"class":120},[59,91700,53875],{"class":135},[59,91702,139],{"class":73},[59,91704,11163],{"class":135},[59,91706,139],{"class":73},[59,91708,1297],{"class":142},[59,91710,69371],{"class":73},[59,91712,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,91714,152],{"class":135},[59,91716,139],{"class":73},[59,91718,491],{"class":142},[59,91720,87],{"class":73},[59,91722,5972],{"class":142},[59,91724,3914],{"class":73},[59,91726,491],{"class":142},[59,91728,3902],{"class":73},[20,91730,168],{},[50,91732,91733],{"className":52,"code":503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,91734,91735,91741,91747],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91736,91737,91739],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91738,179],{"class":178},[59,91740,512],{"class":65},[59,91742,91743,91745],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91744,187],{"class":178},[59,91746,519],{"class":65},[59,91748,91749,91751],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91750,195],{"class":178},[59,91752,526],{"class":65},[20,91754,91755,91756,91760],{},"This works, and it uses ",[354,91757,91758],{"href":42158},[15,91759,42161],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91762,91763],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[50,91765,91767],{"className":52,"code":91766,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91768,91769,91801,91805,91817],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91770,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91772,1251],{"class":65},[59,91774,70],{"class":69},[59,91776,74],{"class":73},[59,91778,78],{"class":77},[59,91780,354],{"class":81},[59,91782,78],{"class":77},[59,91784,87],{"class":73},[59,91786,90],{"class":77},[59,91788,442],{"class":81},[59,91790,78],{"class":77},[59,91792,87],{"class":73},[59,91794,90],{"class":77},[59,91796,451],{"class":81},[59,91798,78],{"class":77},[59,91800,107],{"class":73},[59,91802,91803],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91804,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,91806,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91808,121],{"class":120},[59,91810,1288],{"class":65},[59,91812,132],{"class":120},[59,91814,5972],{"class":65},[59,91816,1561],{"class":73},[59,91818,91819,91821,91823,91825],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,91820,152],{"class":135},[59,91822,139],{"class":73},[59,91824,23304],{"class":142},[59,91826,165],{"class":73},[20,91828,964,91829,91834],{},[354,91830,91832],{"href":91831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91833,17],{}," is usually a better choice:",[50,91836,91838],{"className":52,"code":91837,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91839,91840,91872,91876,91896],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91841,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91843,1251],{"class":65},[59,91845,70],{"class":69},[59,91847,74],{"class":73},[59,91849,78],{"class":77},[59,91851,354],{"class":81},[59,91853,78],{"class":77},[59,91855,87],{"class":73},[59,91857,90],{"class":77},[59,91859,442],{"class":81},[59,91861,78],{"class":77},[59,91863,87],{"class":73},[59,91865,90],{"class":77},[59,91867,451],{"class":81},[59,91869,78],{"class":77},[59,91871,107],{"class":73},[59,91873,91874],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,91875,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,91877,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,91879,121],{"class":120},[59,91881,124],{"class":65},[59,91883,87],{"class":73},[59,91885,1288],{"class":65},[59,91887,132],{"class":120},[59,91889,136],{"class":135},[59,91891,139],{"class":73},[59,91893,1297],{"class":142},[59,91895,146],{"class":73},[59,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,91899,152],{"class":135},[59,91901,139],{"class":73},[59,91903,157],{"class":142},[59,91905,87],{"class":73},[59,91907,1312],{"class":142},[59,91909,165],{"class":73},[20,91911,78926,91912,358],{},[354,91913,977,91914,980],{"href":976},[15,91915,17],{},[45,91917,91919,91920,91922],{"id":91918},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91921,535],{}," to a list",[20,91924,91925,91927],{},[15,91926,535],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91929,91930,91931,1002],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91932,24773],{},[50,91934,91936],{"className":52,"code":91935,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91937,91938],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91941,715],{"class":135},[59,91943,139],{"class":73},[59,91945,1651],{"class":697},[59,91947,139],{"class":73},[59,91949,59805],{"class":135},[59,91951,139],{"class":73},[59,91953,950],{"class":178},[59,91955,1706],{"class":73},[20,91957,168],{},[50,91959,91961],{"className":52,"code":91960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91962,91963],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,91964,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,91966,3914],{"class":73},[59,91968,179],{"class":178},[59,91970,87],{"class":73},[59,91972,5506],{"class":178},[59,91974,87],{"class":73},[59,91976,3009],{"class":178},[59,91978,107],{"class":73},[20,91980,33299],{},[29,91982,91983,91988,91991],{},[32,91984,91985,91986,41885],{},"learning how ",[15,91987,535],{},[32,91989,91990],{},"checking your values",[32,91992,91993],{},"debugging code",[20,91995,5480],{},[50,91997,91999],{"className":52,"code":91998,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92000,92001,92015,92019,92029],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92002,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92004,664],{"class":65},[59,92006,70],{"class":69},[59,92008,53875],{"class":135},[59,92010,139],{"class":73},[59,92012,2522],{"class":178},[59,92014,165],{"class":73},[59,92016,92017],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92018,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,92022,715],{"class":135},[59,92024,139],{"class":73},[59,92026,707],{"class":142},[59,92028,165],{"class":73},[59,92030,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,92032,715],{"class":135},[59,92034,139],{"class":73},[59,92036,1651],{"class":697},[59,92038,139],{"class":73},[59,92040,707],{"class":142},[59,92042,710],{"class":73},[20,92044,168],{},[50,92046,92048],{"className":52,"code":92047,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92049,92050,92064],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92051,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92053,59805],{"class":135},[59,92055,139],{"class":73},[59,92057,179],{"class":178},[59,92059,87],{"class":73},[59,92061,2475],{"class":178},[59,92063,165],{"class":73},[59,92065,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92067,3914],{"class":73},[59,92069,179],{"class":178},[59,92071,87],{"class":73},[59,92073,5506],{"class":178},[59,92075,87],{"class":73},[59,92077,3009],{"class":178},[59,92079,87],{"class":73},[59,92081,2469],{"class":178},[59,92083,107],{"class":73},[20,92085,92086,92087,10586,92089,92092],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92088,59805],{},[15,92090,92091],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[45,92094,4534],{"id":4533},[20,92096,33528,92097,358],{},[15,92098,535],{},[1127,92100,92102],{"id":92101},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92104,92105],{},"Many beginners think this:",[50,92107,92109],{"className":52,"code":92108,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92110,92111],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92112,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92114,715],{"class":135},[59,92116,139],{"class":73},[59,92118,1651],{"class":697},[59,92120,139],{"class":73},[59,92122,59805],{"class":135},[59,92124,139],{"class":73},[59,92126,187],{"class":178},[59,92128,87],{"class":73},[59,92130,4621],{"class":178},[59,92132,1706],{"class":73},[20,92134,92135],{},"will produce:",[50,92137,92139],{"className":52,"code":92138,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92140,92141],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92142,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92144,3914],{"class":73},[59,92146,187],{"class":178},[59,92148,87],{"class":73},[59,92150,3009],{"class":178},[59,92152,87],{"class":73},[59,92154,2469],{"class":178},[59,92156,87],{"class":73},[59,92158,2475],{"class":178},[59,92160,87],{"class":73},[59,92162,4621],{"class":178},[59,92164,107],{"class":73},[20,92166,92167],{},"But the real output is:",[50,92169,92170],{"className":52,"code":53310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92171,92172],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92173,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92175,3914],{"class":73},[59,92177,187],{"class":178},[59,92179,87],{"class":73},[59,92181,3009],{"class":178},[59,92183,87],{"class":73},[59,92185,2469],{"class":178},[59,92187,87],{"class":73},[59,92189,2475],{"class":178},[59,92191,107],{"class":73},[20,92193,92194],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1127,92196,4595,92198,92200,92201],{"id":92197},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92199,90662],{}," starts at ",[15,92202,187],{},[20,92204,1888,92205,18962,92207,358],{},[15,92206,179],{},[15,92208,187],{},[50,92210,92211],{"className":52,"code":90855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92212,92213],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92214,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92216,715],{"class":135},[59,92218,139],{"class":73},[59,92220,1651],{"class":697},[59,92222,139],{"class":73},[59,92224,59805],{"class":135},[59,92226,139],{"class":73},[59,92228,2159],{"class":178},[59,92230,1706],{"class":73},[20,92232,168],{},[50,92234,92235],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92236,92237],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92238,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92240,3914],{"class":73},[59,92242,179],{"class":178},[59,92244,87],{"class":73},[59,92246,5506],{"class":178},[59,92248,87],{"class":73},[59,92250,3009],{"class":178},[59,92252,87],{"class":73},[59,92254,2469],{"class":178},[59,92256,87],{"class":73},[59,92258,2475],{"class":178},[59,92260,107],{"class":73},[1127,92262,92264],{"id":92263},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92266,92267,92268,1002],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92269,2975],{},[50,92271,92273],{"className":52,"code":92272,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92274,92275,92294,92298,92315],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92276,92277,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92278,92279],{"class":65},"user_number ",[59,92281,70],{"class":69},[59,92283,8247],{"class":135},[59,92285,139],{"class":73},[59,92287,78],{"class":77},[59,92289,41671],{"class":81},[59,92291,78],{"class":77},[59,92293,165],{"class":73},[59,92295,92296],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92297,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,92299,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310,92313],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,92301,121],{"class":120},[59,92303,69356],{"class":65},[59,92305,132],{"class":120},[59,92307,53875],{"class":135},[59,92309,139],{"class":73},[59,92311,92312],{"class":142},"user_number",[59,92314,146],{"class":73},[59,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,92318,152],{"class":135},[59,92320,139],{"class":73},[59,92322,491],{"class":142},[59,92324,165],{"class":73},[20,92326,48313,92327,92329],{},[15,92328,2975],{}," returns a string.",[20,92331,10809],{},[50,92333,92335],{"className":52,"code":92334,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92336,92337,92359,92363,92379],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92338,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92340,92279],{"class":65},[59,92342,70],{"class":69},[59,92344,45078],{"class":697},[59,92346,139],{"class":73},[59,92348,42263],{"class":135},[59,92350,139],{"class":73},[59,92352,78],{"class":77},[59,92354,41671],{"class":81},[59,92356,78],{"class":77},[59,92358,710],{"class":73},[59,92360,92361],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92362,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,92364,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,92366,121],{"class":120},[59,92368,69356],{"class":65},[59,92370,132],{"class":120},[59,92372,53875],{"class":135},[59,92374,139],{"class":73},[59,92376,92312],{"class":142},[59,92378,146],{"class":73},[59,92380,92381,92383,92385,92387],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,92382,152],{"class":135},[59,92384,139],{"class":73},[59,92386,491],{"class":142},[59,92388,165],{"class":73},[20,92390,92391,92392,358],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[354,92393,50327,92394],{"href":50326},[15,92395,50330],{},[1127,92397,92399,92400,92402,92403],{"id":92398},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92401,407],{}," smaller than ",[15,92404,75234],{},[20,92406,92407],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[50,92409,92410],{"className":52,"code":91337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92411,92412],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92413,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92415,715],{"class":135},[59,92417,139],{"class":73},[59,92419,1651],{"class":697},[59,92421,139],{"class":73},[59,92423,59805],{"class":135},[59,92425,139],{"class":73},[59,92427,187],{"class":178},[59,92429,87],{"class":73},[59,92431,4621],{"class":178},[59,92433,87],{"class":73},[59,92435,2241],{"class":69},[59,92437,187],{"class":178},[59,92439,1706],{"class":73},[20,92441,168],{},[50,92443,92444],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92445,92446],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92447,92448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92449,38095],{"class":73},[20,92451,92452],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1127,92454,25606,92456],{"id":92455},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92457,92458],{},"step = 0",[20,92460,77377],{},[50,92462,92464],{"className":52,"code":92463,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92465,92466],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92467,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92469,59805],{"class":135},[59,92471,139],{"class":73},[59,92473,187],{"class":178},[59,92475,87],{"class":73},[59,92477,741],{"class":178},[59,92479,87],{"class":73},[59,92481,3848],{"class":178},[59,92483,165],{"class":73},[20,92485,92486],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1127,92488,4721,92490,92492],{"id":92489},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92491,535],{}," is not a list",[20,92494,92495],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[50,92497,92499],{"className":52,"code":92498,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92500,92501],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92502,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92504,715],{"class":135},[59,92506,139],{"class":73},[59,92508,59805],{"class":135},[59,92510,139],{"class":73},[59,92512,2159],{"class":178},[59,92514,710],{"class":73},[20,92516,168],{},[50,92518,92520],{"className":52,"code":92519,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92521,92522],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92523,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92525,59805],{"class":135},[59,92527,139],{"class":73},[59,92529,179],{"class":178},[59,92531,87],{"class":73},[59,92533,4621],{"class":178},[59,92535,165],{"class":73},[20,92537,92538],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[50,92540,92541],{"className":52,"code":90855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92542,92543],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92544,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92546,715],{"class":135},[59,92548,139],{"class":73},[59,92550,1651],{"class":697},[59,92552,139],{"class":73},[59,92554,59805],{"class":135},[59,92556,139],{"class":73},[59,92558,2159],{"class":178},[59,92560,1706],{"class":73},[20,92562,168],{},[50,92564,92565],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,92566,92567],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92568,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92570,3914],{"class":73},[59,92572,179],{"class":178},[59,92574,87],{"class":73},[59,92576,5506],{"class":178},[59,92578,87],{"class":73},[59,92580,3009],{"class":178},[59,92582,87],{"class":73},[59,92584,2469],{"class":178},[59,92586,87],{"class":73},[59,92588,2475],{"class":178},[59,92590,107],{"class":73},[45,92592,92594],{"id":92593},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92596,8879,92597,82148],{},[15,92598,535],{},[50,92600,92602],{"className":52,"code":92601,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92603,92604,92618,92636,92658,92686],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92605,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92607,715],{"class":135},[59,92609,139],{"class":73},[59,92611,59805],{"class":135},[59,92613,139],{"class":73},[59,92615,2159],{"class":178},[59,92617,710],{"class":73},[59,92619,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92621,715],{"class":135},[59,92623,139],{"class":73},[59,92625,1651],{"class":697},[59,92627,139],{"class":73},[59,92629,59805],{"class":135},[59,92631,139],{"class":73},[59,92633,2159],{"class":178},[59,92635,1706],{"class":73},[59,92637,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,92639,715],{"class":135},[59,92641,139],{"class":73},[59,92643,1651],{"class":697},[59,92645,139],{"class":73},[59,92647,59805],{"class":135},[59,92649,139],{"class":73},[59,92651,195],{"class":178},[59,92653,87],{"class":73},[59,92655,6366],{"class":178},[59,92657,1706],{"class":73},[59,92659,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,92661,715],{"class":135},[59,92663,139],{"class":73},[59,92665,1651],{"class":697},[59,92667,139],{"class":73},[59,92669,59805],{"class":135},[59,92671,139],{"class":73},[59,92673,671],{"class":178},[59,92675,87],{"class":73},[59,92677,3848],{"class":178},[59,92679,87],{"class":73},[59,92681,2241],{"class":69},[59,92683,195],{"class":178},[59,92685,1706],{"class":73},[59,92687,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,92689,715],{"class":135},[59,92691,139],{"class":73},[59,92693,3239],{"class":697},[59,92695,139],{"class":73},[59,92697,59805],{"class":135},[59,92699,139],{"class":73},[59,92701,2159],{"class":178},[59,92703,1706],{"class":73},[20,92705,25998],{},[29,92707,92708,92711,92714],{},[32,92709,92710],{},"what values are being created",[32,92712,92713],{},"whether the direction is correct",[32,92715,92716,92717,1774],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92718,59805],{},[45,92720,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,92722,1882,92724,92726],{"id":92723},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92725,535],{}," include the last number?",[20,92728,92729],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1127,92731,5169,92733,92735,92736,1905],{"id":92732},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92734,90662],{}," start at ",[15,92737,179],{},[20,92739,92740,92741,358],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92742,179],{},[1127,92744,1914,92746,92748],{"id":92745},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92747,535],{}," count backward?",[20,92750,92751,92752,358],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92753,92754],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1127,92756,14903,92758,26033],{"id":92757},"is-range-a-list",[15,92759,535],{},[20,92761,26036,92762,92764,92765,23932],{},[15,92763,59805],{}," object. Use ",[15,92766,92767],{},"list(range(...))",[1127,92769,5169,92771,48487],{"id":92770},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92772,92773],{},"range(input())",[20,92775,92776,3501,92778,358],{},[15,92777,2975],{},[15,92779,92780],{},"int(input())",[45,92782,1927],{"id":1926},[29,92784,92785,92789,92795,92801,92807],{},[32,92786,92787],{},[354,92788,357],{"href":356},[32,92790,92791],{},[354,92792,13,92793,536],{"href":42158},[15,92794,42161],{},[32,92796,92797],{},[354,92798,13,92799,536],{"href":91831},[15,92800,17],{},[32,92802,92803],{},[354,92804,1944,92805,980],{"href":976},[15,92806,17],{},[32,92808,92809],{},[354,92810,50327,92811],{"href":50326},[15,92812,50330],{},[1953,92814,92815],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":92817},[92818,92819,92821,92827,92835,92842,92844,92856,92857,92869],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":90671,"depth":110,"text":92820},"What range() does",{"id":90764,"depth":110,"text":92822,"children":92823},"range() syntax",[92824,92825,92826],{"id":90844,"depth":117,"text":90847},{"id":90908,"depth":117,"text":90911},{"id":90976,"depth":117,"text":90979},{"id":91047,"depth":110,"text":91048,"children":92828},[92829,92830,92831,92832,92833],{"id":91054,"depth":117,"text":90662},{"id":91117,"depth":117,"text":91120},{"id":91181,"depth":117,"text":91184},{"id":91257,"depth":117,"text":91258},{"id":76621,"depth":117,"text":92834},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91416,"depth":110,"text":92836,"children":92837},"Using range() in a for loop",[92838,92839,92840],{"id":91518,"depth":117,"text":91519},{"id":91563,"depth":117,"text":91564},{"id":91643,"depth":117,"text":92841},"range() and indexing",{"id":91918,"depth":110,"text":92843},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":92845},[92846,92847,92849,92850,92852,92854],{"id":92101,"depth":117,"text":92102},{"id":92197,"depth":117,"text":92848},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92263,"depth":117,"text":92264},{"id":92398,"depth":117,"text":92851},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92455,"depth":117,"text":92853},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92489,"depth":117,"text":92855},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92593,"depth":110,"text":92594},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":92858},[92859,92861,92863,92865,92867],{"id":92723,"depth":117,"text":92860},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92732,"depth":117,"text":92862},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92745,"depth":117,"text":92864},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92757,"depth":117,"text":92866},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92770,"depth":117,"text":92868},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90565,"description":92870},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92877,"title":92878,"body":92879,"description":94552,"extension":1988,"meta":94553,"navigation":113,"path":94554,"seo":94555,"stem":94556,"__hash__":94557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92880,"toc":94525},[92881,92890,92897,92914,92930,92932,92981,92989,92993,92996,93016,93018,93082,93084,93127,93130,93176,93178,93211,93221,93227,93235,93252,93254,93285,93287,93312,93317,93328,93331,93401,93403,93434,93439,93444,93461,93463,93514,93516,93549,93552,93559,93564,93568,93584,93586,93630,93632,93678,93681,93694,93699,93703,93717,93719,93770,93772,93805,93810,93812,93819,93821,93844,93846,93911,93913,93930,93933,93966,93968,93996,94006,94013,94017,94020,94038,94041,94069,94072,94090,94095,94101,94104,94126,94128,94156,94158,94161,94186,94189,94302,94304,94383,94385,94391,94396,94404,94412,94416,94419,94421,94454,94456,94464,94470,94477,94484,94487,94489,94522],[10,92882,13,92884,10586,92886,92889],{"id":92883},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92885,535],{},[15,92887,92888],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92891,92892,4408,92894,92896],{},[15,92893,535],{},[15,92895,92888],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[29,92898,92899,92907],{},[32,92900,92901,92903,92904],{},[15,92902,535],{}," creates a ",[549,92905,92906],{},"range object",[32,92908,92909,92903,92911],{},[15,92910,92888],{},[549,92912,92913],{},"real list",[20,92915,92916,92917,92919,92920,92923,92924,92926,92927,92929],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92918,90662],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92921,92922],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92925,535],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92928,92888],{}," when you actually need a list.",[45,92931,3624],{"id":3623},[50,92933,92935],{"className":52,"code":92934,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92936,92937,92951,92964],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,92940,664],{"class":65},[59,92942,70],{"class":69},[59,92944,53875],{"class":135},[59,92946,139],{"class":73},[59,92948,2159],{"class":178},[59,92950,165],{"class":73},[59,92952,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,92954,715],{"class":135},[59,92956,139],{"class":73},[59,92958,707],{"class":142},[59,92960,3675],{"class":73},[59,92962,92963],{"class":3678},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[59,92965,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,92967,715],{"class":135},[59,92969,139],{"class":73},[59,92971,1651],{"class":697},[59,92973,139],{"class":73},[59,92975,707],{"class":142},[59,92977,5369],{"class":73},[59,92979,92980],{"class":3678},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92982,201,92983,92985,92986,92988],{},[15,92984,535],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92987,92888],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[45,92990,92992],{"id":92991},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92994,92995],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[29,92997,92998,93005,93010,93013],{},[32,92999,93000,21972,93002,93004],{},[15,93001,535],{},[549,93003,92906],{},", not a list",[32,93006,93007,93009],{},[15,93008,92888],{}," converts that range object into a list",[32,93011,93012],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[32,93014,93015],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93017,239],{},[50,93019,93021],{"className":52,"code":93020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93022,93023,93038,93057,93061,93071],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93024,93025,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93026,93027],{"class":65},"r ",[59,93029,70],{"class":69},[59,93031,53875],{"class":135},[59,93033,139],{"class":73},[59,93035,2159],{"class":178},[59,93037,165],{"class":73},[59,93039,93040,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93041,93042],{"class":65},"lst ",[59,93044,70],{"class":69},[59,93046,698],{"class":697},[59,93048,139],{"class":73},[59,93050,59805],{"class":135},[59,93052,139],{"class":73},[59,93054,2159],{"class":178},[59,93056,710],{"class":73},[59,93058,93059],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93060,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,93062,93063,93065,93067,93069],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93064,715],{"class":135},[59,93066,139],{"class":73},[59,93068,60312],{"class":142},[59,93070,165],{"class":73},[59,93072,93073,93075,93077,93080],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,93074,715],{"class":135},[59,93076,139],{"class":73},[59,93078,93079],{"class":142},"lst",[59,93081,165],{"class":73},[20,93083,168],{},[50,93085,93087],{"className":52,"code":93086,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93088,93089,93103],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93090,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93092,59805],{"class":135},[59,93094,139],{"class":73},[59,93096,179],{"class":178},[59,93098,87],{"class":73},[59,93100,4621],{"class":178},[59,93102,165],{"class":73},[59,93104,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93106,3914],{"class":73},[59,93108,179],{"class":178},[59,93110,87],{"class":73},[59,93112,5506],{"class":178},[59,93114,87],{"class":73},[59,93116,3009],{"class":178},[59,93118,87],{"class":73},[59,93120,2469],{"class":178},[59,93122,87],{"class":73},[59,93124,2475],{"class":178},[59,93126,107],{"class":73},[20,93128,93129],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[50,93131,93133],{"className":52,"code":93132,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93134,93135,93153],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93136,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93138,715],{"class":135},[59,93140,139],{"class":73},[59,93142,3239],{"class":697},[59,93144,139],{"class":73},[59,93146,59805],{"class":135},[59,93148,139],{"class":73},[59,93150,2159],{"class":178},[59,93152,1706],{"class":73},[59,93154,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93156,715],{"class":135},[59,93158,139],{"class":73},[59,93160,3239],{"class":697},[59,93162,139],{"class":73},[59,93164,1651],{"class":697},[59,93166,139],{"class":73},[59,93168,59805],{"class":135},[59,93170,139],{"class":73},[59,93172,2159],{"class":178},[59,93174,93175],{"class":73},"))))\n",[20,93177,168],{},[50,93179,93181],{"className":52,"code":93180,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93182,93183,93197],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93184,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93186,1769],{"class":69},[59,93188,3310],{"class":887},[59,93190,1734],{"class":77},[59,93192,59805],{"class":81},[59,93194,1725],{"class":77},[59,93196,1788],{"class":69},[59,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93200,1769],{"class":69},[59,93202,3310],{"class":887},[59,93204,1734],{"class":77},[59,93206,1651],{"class":81},[59,93208,1725],{"class":77},[59,93210,1788],{"class":69},[20,93212,93213,93214,93216,93217,358],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93215,535],{}," works, see ",[354,93218,13,93219,536],{"href":92872},[15,93220,535],{},[45,93222,208,93224,93226],{"id":93223},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93225,535],{}," gives you",[20,93228,93229,93231,93232,93234],{},[15,93230,535],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93233,121],{}," loops.",[29,93236,93237,93240,93243,93246],{},[32,93238,93239],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[32,93241,93242],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[32,93244,93245],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[32,93247,93248,93249],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93250,93251],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93253,239],{},[50,93255,93257],{"className":52,"code":93256,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93258,93259,93275],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93260,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93262,121],{"class":120},[59,93264,69356],{"class":65},[59,93266,132],{"class":120},[59,93268,53875],{"class":135},[59,93270,139],{"class":73},[59,93272,2159],{"class":178},[59,93274,146],{"class":73},[59,93276,93277,93279,93281,93283],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93278,152],{"class":135},[59,93280,139],{"class":73},[59,93282,491],{"class":142},[59,93284,165],{"class":73},[20,93286,168],{},[50,93288,93290],{"className":52,"code":93289,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93291,93292,93296,93300,93304,93308],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93293,93294],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93295,47054],{"class":178},[59,93297,93298],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93299,46719],{"class":178},[59,93301,93302],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93303,17056],{"class":178},[59,93305,93306],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93307,46419],{"class":178},[59,93309,93310],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,93311,48453],{"class":178},[20,93313,20770,93314,93316],{},[15,93315,90662],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93318,93319,93320,93322,93323,358],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93321,535],{}," is so common with ",[354,93324,13,93326,90693],{"href":93325},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93327,121],{},[20,93329,93330],{},"You can also inspect it:",[50,93332,93334],{"className":52,"code":93333,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93335,93336,93358,93362,93372,93386],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93339,93027],{"class":65},[59,93341,70],{"class":69},[59,93343,53875],{"class":135},[59,93345,139],{"class":73},[59,93347,195],{"class":178},[59,93349,87],{"class":73},[59,93351,741],{"class":178},[59,93353,87],{"class":73},[59,93355,3009],{"class":178},[59,93357,165],{"class":73},[59,93359,93360],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93361,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,93363,93364,93366,93368,93370],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93365,715],{"class":135},[59,93367,139],{"class":73},[59,93369,60312],{"class":142},[59,93371,165],{"class":73},[59,93373,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93375,715],{"class":135},[59,93377,139],{"class":73},[59,93379,11163],{"class":135},[59,93381,139],{"class":73},[59,93383,60312],{"class":142},[59,93385,710],{"class":73},[59,93387,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93399],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,93389,715],{"class":135},[59,93391,139],{"class":73},[59,93393,80402],{"class":178},[59,93395,21173],{"class":120},[59,93397,93398],{"class":142}," r",[59,93400,165],{"class":73},[20,93402,168],{},[50,93404,93406],{"className":52,"code":93405,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93407,93408,93426,93430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93409,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93411,59805],{"class":135},[59,93413,139],{"class":73},[59,93415,195],{"class":178},[59,93417,87],{"class":73},[59,93419,741],{"class":178},[59,93421,87],{"class":73},[59,93423,3009],{"class":178},[59,93425,165],{"class":73},[59,93427,93428],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93429,48453],{"class":178},[59,93431,93432],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93433,3994],{"class":3867},[45,93435,208,93437,93226],{"id":93436},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93438,92888],{},[20,93440,93441,93443],{},[15,93442,92888],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[29,93445,93446,93449,93452,93455],{},[32,93447,93448],{},"It creates all values at once",[32,93450,93451],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[32,93453,93454],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[32,93456,93457,93458,93460],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93459,535],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93462,239],{},[50,93464,93466],{"className":52,"code":93465,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93467,93468,93486,93490,93500],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93469,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93471,664],{"class":65},[59,93473,70],{"class":69},[59,93475,698],{"class":697},[59,93477,139],{"class":73},[59,93479,59805],{"class":135},[59,93481,139],{"class":73},[59,93483,2159],{"class":178},[59,93485,710],{"class":73},[59,93487,93488],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93489,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,93491,93492,93494,93496,93498],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93493,715],{"class":135},[59,93495,139],{"class":73},[59,93497,707],{"class":142},[59,93499,165],{"class":73},[59,93501,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93503,715],{"class":135},[59,93505,139],{"class":73},[59,93507,707],{"class":142},[59,93509,3914],{"class":73},[59,93511,195],{"class":178},[59,93513,3902],{"class":73},[20,93515,168],{},[50,93517,93519],{"className":52,"code":93518,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93520,93521,93545],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93522,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93524,3914],{"class":73},[59,93526,179],{"class":178},[59,93528,87],{"class":73},[59,93530,5506],{"class":178},[59,93532,87],{"class":73},[59,93534,3009],{"class":178},[59,93536,87],{"class":73},[59,93538,2469],{"class":178},[59,93540,87],{"class":73},[59,93542,2475],{"class":178},[59,93544,107],{"class":73},[59,93546,93547],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93548,17056],{"class":178},[20,93550,93551],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93553,93554,93555,358],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[354,93556,13,93557,536],{"href":64655},[15,93558,24773],{},[45,93560,776,93562],{"id":93561},"when-to-use-range",[15,93563,535],{},[20,93565,201,93566,10602],{},[15,93567,535],{},[29,93569,93570,93575,93578,93581],{},[32,93571,93572,93573,91422],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93574,121],{},[32,93576,93577],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[32,93579,93580],{},"You are working with large sequences",[32,93582,93583],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93585,239],{},[50,93587,93589],{"className":52,"code":93588,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93590,93591,93611],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93592,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93594,121],{"class":120},[59,93596,69356],{"class":65},[59,93598,132],{"class":120},[59,93600,53875],{"class":135},[59,93602,139],{"class":73},[59,93604,187],{"class":178},[59,93606,87],{"class":73},[59,93608,37441],{"class":178},[59,93610,146],{"class":73},[59,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619,93622,93624,93626,93628],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93614,152],{"class":135},[59,93616,139],{"class":73},[59,93618,78],{"class":77},[59,93620,93621],{"class":81},"Count:",[59,93623,78],{"class":77},[59,93625,87],{"class":73},[59,93627,466],{"class":142},[59,93629,165],{"class":73},[20,93631,168],{},[50,93633,93635],{"className":52,"code":93634,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93636,93637,93646,93654,93662,93670],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93638,93639,93642,93644],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93640,93641],{"class":65},"Count",[59,93643,1002],{"class":73},[59,93645,29603],{"class":178},[59,93647,93648,93650,93652],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93649,93641],{"class":65},[59,93651,1002],{"class":73},[59,93653,45391],{"class":178},[59,93655,93656,93658,93660],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93657,93641],{"class":65},[59,93659,1002],{"class":73},[59,93661,2595],{"class":178},[59,93663,93664,93666,93668],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93665,93641],{"class":65},[59,93667,1002],{"class":73},[59,93669,23657],{"class":178},[59,93671,93672,93674,93676],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,93673,93641],{"class":65},[59,93675,1002],{"class":73},[59,93677,34830],{"class":178},[20,93679,93680],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93682,93683,93684,93686,93687,62095,93689,358],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93685,17],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93688,970],{},[354,93690,977,93692,980],{"href":93691},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93693,17],{},[45,93695,776,93697],{"id":93696},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93698,92888],{},[20,93700,201,93701,10602],{},[15,93702,92888],{},[29,93704,93705,93708,93711,93714],{},[32,93706,93707],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[32,93709,93710],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[32,93712,93713],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[32,93715,93716],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93718,239],{},[50,93720,93722],{"className":52,"code":93721,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93723,93724,93742,93756,93760],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93725,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93727,664],{"class":65},[59,93729,70],{"class":69},[59,93731,698],{"class":697},[59,93733,139],{"class":73},[59,93735,59805],{"class":135},[59,93737,139],{"class":73},[59,93739,2159],{"class":178},[59,93741,710],{"class":73},[59,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93745,707],{"class":65},[59,93747,358],{"class":73},[59,93749,13552],{"class":142},[59,93751,139],{"class":73},[59,93753,2159],{"class":178},[59,93755,165],{"class":73},[59,93757,93758],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93759,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93763,715],{"class":135},[59,93765,139],{"class":73},[59,93767,707],{"class":142},[59,93769,165],{"class":73},[20,93771,168],{},[50,93773,93775],{"className":52,"code":93774,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93776,93777],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93778,93779,93781,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801,93803],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93780,3914],{"class":73},[59,93782,179],{"class":178},[59,93784,87],{"class":73},[59,93786,5506],{"class":178},[59,93788,87],{"class":73},[59,93790,3009],{"class":178},[59,93792,87],{"class":73},[59,93794,2469],{"class":178},[59,93796,87],{"class":73},[59,93798,2475],{"class":178},[59,93800,87],{"class":73},[59,93802,4621],{"class":178},[59,93804,107],{"class":73},[20,93806,6066,93807,93809],{},[15,93808,707],{}," is a list.",[45,93811,15597],{"id":15596},[20,93813,93814,93816,93817,358],{},[15,93815,535],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[549,93818,37395],{},[20,93820,2130],{},[29,93822,93823,93825,93830,93835,93838],{},[32,93824,21982],{},[32,93826,93827,93828],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93829,42161],{},[32,93831,93832,93833],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93834,132],{},[32,93836,93837],{},"You can index it",[32,93839,93840,93841,93843],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93842,52457],{}," do not work on it",[20,93845,239],{},[50,93847,93849],{"className":52,"code":93848,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93850,93851,93865,93869,93883,93897],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93854,93027],{"class":65},[59,93856,70],{"class":69},[59,93858,53875],{"class":135},[59,93860,139],{"class":73},[59,93862,2159],{"class":178},[59,93864,165],{"class":73},[59,93866,93867],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93868,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,93870,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93872,715],{"class":135},[59,93874,139],{"class":73},[59,93876,60312],{"class":142},[59,93878,3914],{"class":73},[59,93880,195],{"class":178},[59,93882,3902],{"class":73},[59,93884,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,93886,715],{"class":135},[59,93888,139],{"class":73},[59,93890,11163],{"class":135},[59,93892,139],{"class":73},[59,93894,60312],{"class":142},[59,93896,710],{"class":73},[59,93898,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,93900,715],{"class":135},[59,93902,139],{"class":73},[59,93904,950],{"class":178},[59,93906,21173],{"class":120},[59,93908,93398],{"class":142},[59,93910,165],{"class":73},[20,93912,168],{},[50,93914,93916],{"className":52,"code":93915,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93917,93918,93922,93926],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93919,93920],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93921,17056],{"class":178},[59,93923,93924],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93925,2964],{"class":178},[59,93927,93928],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,93929,3994],{"class":3867},[20,93931,93932],{},"Now compare that with this:",[50,93934,93936],{"className":52,"code":93935,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93937,93938,93952],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93939,93940,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93941,93027],{"class":65},[59,93943,70],{"class":69},[59,93945,53875],{"class":135},[59,93947,139],{"class":73},[59,93949,2159],{"class":178},[59,93951,165],{"class":73},[59,93953,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,93955,60312],{"class":65},[59,93957,358],{"class":73},[59,93959,13552],{"class":142},[59,93961,139],{"class":73},[59,93963,2159],{"class":178},[59,93965,165],{"class":73},[20,93967,168],{},[50,93969,93971],{"className":52,"code":93970,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93972,93973],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,93974,93975,93977,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93990,93992,93994],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,93976,25661],{"class":697},[59,93978,1002],{"class":73},[59,93980,1734],{"class":77},[59,93982,59805],{"class":81},[59,93984,1725],{"class":77},[59,93986,1774],{"class":697},[59,93988,93989],{"class":65}," has no attribute ",[59,93991,1725],{"class":77},[59,93993,13552],{"class":81},[59,93995,29688],{"class":77},[20,93997,93998,93999,1208,94001,2213,94003,94005],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94000,52457],{},[15,94002,55334],{},[15,94004,64119],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94007,94008,94009,358],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[354,94010,25669,94011],{"href":35408},[15,94012,34243],{},[45,94014,94016],{"id":94015},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94018,94019],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[50,94021,94022],{"className":52,"code":92498,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94023,94024],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94025,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94027,715],{"class":135},[59,94029,139],{"class":73},[59,94031,59805],{"class":135},[59,94033,139],{"class":73},[59,94035,2159],{"class":178},[59,94037,710],{"class":73},[20,94039,94040],{},"to show:",[50,94042,94043],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94044,94045],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94046,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94048,3914],{"class":73},[59,94050,179],{"class":178},[59,94052,87],{"class":73},[59,94054,5506],{"class":178},[59,94056,87],{"class":73},[59,94058,3009],{"class":178},[59,94060,87],{"class":73},[59,94062,2469],{"class":178},[59,94064,87],{"class":73},[59,94066,2475],{"class":178},[59,94068,107],{"class":73},[20,94070,94071],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[50,94073,94074],{"className":52,"code":92519,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94075,94076],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94077,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94079,59805],{"class":135},[59,94081,139],{"class":73},[59,94083,179],{"class":178},[59,94085,87],{"class":73},[59,94087,4621],{"class":178},[59,94089,165],{"class":73},[20,94091,4644,94092,94094],{},[549,94093,4647],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94096,94097,94098,94100],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[549,94099,92906],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94102,94103],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[50,94105,94106],{"className":52,"code":90855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94107,94108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94109,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94111,715],{"class":135},[59,94113,139],{"class":73},[59,94115,1651],{"class":697},[59,94117,139],{"class":73},[59,94119,59805],{"class":135},[59,94121,139],{"class":73},[59,94123,2159],{"class":178},[59,94125,1706],{"class":73},[20,94127,168],{},[50,94129,94130],{"className":52,"code":59828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94131,94132],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94133,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94135,3914],{"class":73},[59,94137,179],{"class":178},[59,94139,87],{"class":73},[59,94141,5506],{"class":178},[59,94143,87],{"class":73},[59,94145,3009],{"class":178},[59,94147,87],{"class":73},[59,94149,2469],{"class":178},[59,94151,87],{"class":73},[59,94153,2475],{"class":178},[59,94155,107],{"class":73},[45,94157,1579],{"id":1578},[20,94159,94160],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[29,94162,94163,94169,94172,94178],{},[32,94164,1599,94165,94168],{},[15,94166,94167],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[32,94170,94171],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[32,94173,94174,94175,94177],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94176,535],{}," is iterable but not a list",[32,94179,1599,94180,94182,94183,94185],{},[15,94181,92888],{}," when plain ",[15,94184,535],{}," would be simpler",[20,94187,94188],{},"These quick checks can help:",[50,94190,94192],{"className":52,"code":94191,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94193,94194,94208,94226,94244,94266,94284],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94195,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94197,715],{"class":135},[59,94199,139],{"class":73},[59,94201,59805],{"class":135},[59,94203,139],{"class":73},[59,94205,2159],{"class":178},[59,94207,710],{"class":73},[59,94209,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94211,715],{"class":135},[59,94213,139],{"class":73},[59,94215,1651],{"class":697},[59,94217,139],{"class":73},[59,94219,59805],{"class":135},[59,94221,139],{"class":73},[59,94223,2159],{"class":178},[59,94225,1706],{"class":73},[59,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,94229,715],{"class":135},[59,94231,139],{"class":73},[59,94233,3239],{"class":697},[59,94235,139],{"class":73},[59,94237,59805],{"class":135},[59,94239,139],{"class":73},[59,94241,2159],{"class":178},[59,94243,1706],{"class":73},[59,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,94247,715],{"class":135},[59,94249,139],{"class":73},[59,94251,3239],{"class":697},[59,94253,139],{"class":73},[59,94255,1651],{"class":697},[59,94257,139],{"class":73},[59,94259,59805],{"class":135},[59,94261,139],{"class":73},[59,94263,2159],{"class":178},[59,94265,93175],{"class":73},[59,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,94269,715],{"class":135},[59,94271,139],{"class":73},[59,94273,950],{"class":178},[59,94275,21173],{"class":120},[59,94277,53875],{"class":135},[59,94279,139],{"class":73},[59,94281,2159],{"class":178},[59,94283,710],{"class":73},[59,94285,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,94287,715],{"class":135},[59,94289,139],{"class":73},[59,94291,11163],{"class":135},[59,94293,139],{"class":73},[59,94295,59805],{"class":135},[59,94297,139],{"class":73},[59,94299,2159],{"class":178},[59,94301,1706],{"class":73},[20,94303,168],{},[50,94305,94307],{"className":52,"code":94306,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94308,94309,94323,94347,94361,94375,94379],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94310,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94312,59805],{"class":135},[59,94314,139],{"class":73},[59,94316,179],{"class":178},[59,94318,87],{"class":73},[59,94320,4621],{"class":178},[59,94322,165],{"class":73},[59,94324,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94326,3914],{"class":73},[59,94328,179],{"class":178},[59,94330,87],{"class":73},[59,94332,5506],{"class":178},[59,94334,87],{"class":73},[59,94336,3009],{"class":178},[59,94338,87],{"class":73},[59,94340,2469],{"class":178},[59,94342,87],{"class":73},[59,94344,2475],{"class":178},[59,94346,107],{"class":73},[59,94348,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,94350,1769],{"class":69},[59,94352,3310],{"class":887},[59,94354,1734],{"class":77},[59,94356,59805],{"class":81},[59,94358,1725],{"class":77},[59,94360,1788],{"class":69},[59,94362,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,94364,1769],{"class":69},[59,94366,3310],{"class":887},[59,94368,1734],{"class":77},[59,94370,1651],{"class":81},[59,94372,1725],{"class":77},[59,94374,1788],{"class":69},[59,94376,94377],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,94378,3994],{"class":3867},[59,94380,94381],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,94382,2964],{"class":178},[45,94384,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,94386,14903,94388,94390],{"id":94387},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94389,535],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94392,46167,94393,94395],{},[15,94394,535],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1127,94397,94399,94400,999,94402,1905],{"id":94398},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94401,535],{},[15,94403,92888],{},[20,94405,94406,94408,94409,94411],{},[15,94407,535],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94410,92888],{}," creates a full list.",[1127,94413,94415],{"id":94414},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94417,94418],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94420,239],{},[50,94422,94424],{"className":52,"code":94423,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94425,94426,94440],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94427,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94429,93027],{"class":65},[59,94431,70],{"class":69},[59,94433,53875],{"class":135},[59,94435,139],{"class":73},[59,94437,2159],{"class":178},[59,94439,165],{"class":73},[59,94441,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94443,715],{"class":135},[59,94445,139],{"class":73},[59,94447,60312],{"class":142},[59,94449,3914],{"class":73},[59,94451,187],{"class":178},[59,94453,3902],{"class":73},[20,94455,168],{},[50,94457,94458],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,94459,94460],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94461,94462],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94463,46719],{"class":178},[1127,94465,5169,94467,94469],{"id":94466},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94468,94167],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94471,94472,94473,94476],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94474,94475],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1127,94478,94480,94481,94483],{"id":94479},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94482,535],{}," to a list?",[20,94485,94486],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[45,94488,1927],{"id":1926},[29,94490,94491,94497,94503,94510,94516],{},[32,94492,94493],{},[354,94494,13,94495,536],{"href":92872},[15,94496,535],{},[32,94498,94499],{},[354,94500,13,94501,536],{"href":64655},[15,94502,24773],{},[32,94504,94505],{},[354,94506,13,94507,94509],{"href":93325},[15,94508,121],{}," loops explained",[32,94511,94512],{},[354,94513,1944,94514,980],{"href":93691},[15,94515,17],{},[32,94517,94518],{},[354,94519,26112,94520],{"href":35408},[15,94521,34243],{},[1953,94523,94524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":94526},[94527,94528,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537,94538,94539,94540,94551],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":92991,"depth":110,"text":92992},{"id":93223,"depth":110,"text":94530},"What range() gives you",{"id":93436,"depth":110,"text":94532},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93561,"depth":110,"text":94534},"When to use range()",{"id":93696,"depth":110,"text":94536},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15596,"depth":110,"text":15597},{"id":94015,"depth":110,"text":94016},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":94541},[94542,94544,94546,94547,94549],{"id":94387,"depth":117,"text":94543},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94398,"depth":117,"text":94545},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94414,"depth":117,"text":94415},{"id":94466,"depth":117,"text":94548},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94479,"depth":117,"text":94550},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92878,"description":94552},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94559,"title":94560,"body":94561,"description":95997,"extension":1988,"meta":95998,"navigation":113,"path":95999,"seo":96000,"stem":96001,"__hash__":96002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94562,"toc":95963},[94563,94569,94574,94577,94591,94594,94596,94635,94637,94650,94658,94663,94679,94682,94684,94686,94707,94724,94727,94786,94788,94807,94812,94818,94821,94855,94857,94870,94873,94918,94920,94943,94950,94956,94959,95000,95002,95016,95019,95077,95079,95094,95107,95113,95119,95184,95186,95205,95207,95225,95228,95232,95238,95240,95273,95275,95288,95298,95301,95362,95364,95385,95388,95390,95406,95411,95415,95420,95425,95481,95483,95501,95504,95549,95551,95559,95564,95568,95582,95584,95616,95618,95627,95629,95633,95642,95645,95677,95679,95691,95694,95698,95703,95744,95746,95754,95757,95780,95784,95786,95795,95798,95851,95853,95862,95866,95871,95882,95884,95893,95896,95902,95905,95911,95921,95929,95936,95938,95960],[10,94564,13,94566,18],{"id":94565},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94567,94568],{},"round()",[20,94570,9127,94571,94573],{},[15,94572,94568],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94575,94576],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[29,94578,94579,94585],{},[32,94580,94581,94584],{},[15,94582,94583],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[32,94586,94587,94590],{},[15,94588,94589],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94592,94593],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[45,94595,48],{"id":47},[50,94597,94599],{"className":52,"code":94598,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94600,94601,94617],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94602,94603,94605,94607,94610,94612,94615],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94604,715],{"class":135},[59,94606,139],{"class":73},[59,94608,94609],{"class":135},"round",[59,94611,139],{"class":73},[59,94613,94614],{"class":178},"3.14159",[59,94616,710],{"class":73},[59,94618,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94620,715],{"class":135},[59,94622,139],{"class":73},[59,94624,94609],{"class":135},[59,94626,139],{"class":73},[59,94628,94614],{"class":178},[59,94630,87],{"class":73},[59,94632,3009],{"class":178},[59,94634,710],{"class":73},[20,94636,168],{},[50,94638,94640],{"className":52,"code":94639,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94641,94642,94646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94643,94644],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94645,46419],{"class":178},[59,94647,94648],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94649,39976],{"class":178},[20,94651,201,94652,94654,94655,94657],{},[15,94653,94583],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94656,94589],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[45,94659,208,94661,211],{"id":94660},"what-round-does",[15,94662,94568],{},[29,94664,94665,94670,94673,94676],{},[32,94666,94667,94669],{},[15,94668,94568],{}," is a built-in Python function",[32,94671,94672],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[32,94674,94675],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[32,94677,94678],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94680,94681],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[45,94683,362],{"id":361},[20,94685,365],{},[50,94687,94689],{"className":52,"code":94688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94690,94691],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94702,94705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94694,94609],{"class":135},[59,94696,139],{"class":73},[59,94698,896],{"class":142},[59,94700,94701],{"class":73},"[,",[59,94703,94704],{"class":142}," ndigits",[59,94706,3902],{"class":73},[29,94708,94709,94714,94719],{},[32,94710,94711,94713],{},[15,94712,896],{}," is the value to round",[32,94715,94716,20038],{},[15,94717,94718],{},"ndigits",[32,94720,94721,94723],{},[15,94722,94718],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94725,94726],{},"Basic examples:",[50,94728,94730],{"className":52,"code":94729,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94731,94732,94747,94765],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94733,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94745],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94735,715],{"class":135},[59,94737,139],{"class":73},[59,94739,94609],{"class":135},[59,94741,139],{"class":73},[59,94743,94744],{"class":178},"7.8",[59,94746,710],{"class":73},[59,94748,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94750,715],{"class":135},[59,94752,139],{"class":73},[59,94754,94609],{"class":135},[59,94756,139],{"class":73},[59,94758,94744],{"class":178},[59,94760,87],{"class":73},[59,94762,5506],{"class":178},[59,94764,710],{"class":73},[59,94766,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94778,94780,94782,94784],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,94768,715],{"class":135},[59,94770,139],{"class":73},[59,94772,94609],{"class":135},[59,94774,139],{"class":73},[59,94776,94777],{"class":178},"1234",[59,94779,87],{"class":73},[59,94781,2241],{"class":69},[59,94783,195],{"class":178},[59,94785,710],{"class":73},[20,94787,168],{},[50,94789,94791],{"className":52,"code":94790,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94792,94793,94797,94802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94794,94795],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94796,2398],{"class":178},[59,94798,94799],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94800,94801],{"class":178},"7.8\n",[59,94803,94804],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,94805,94806],{"class":178},"1200\n",[20,94808,94809,94810,358],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[354,94811,2437],{"href":2436},[45,94813,1599,94815,94817],{"id":94814},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94816,94568],{}," with one argument",[20,94819,94820],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[50,94822,94824],{"className":52,"code":94823,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94825,94826,94840],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94827,94828,94830,94832,94834,94836,94838],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94829,715],{"class":135},[59,94831,139],{"class":73},[59,94833,94609],{"class":135},[59,94835,139],{"class":73},[59,94837,2379],{"class":178},[59,94839,710],{"class":73},[59,94841,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850,94853],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94843,715],{"class":135},[59,94845,139],{"class":73},[59,94847,94609],{"class":135},[59,94849,139],{"class":73},[59,94851,94852],{"class":178},"4.8",[59,94854,710],{"class":73},[20,94856,168],{},[50,94858,94860],{"className":52,"code":94859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"4\n5\n",[15,94861,94862,94866],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94863,94864],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94865,48453],{"class":178},[59,94867,94868],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94869,2964],{"class":178},[20,94871,94872],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[50,94874,94876],{"className":52,"code":94875,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94877,94878,94894,94904],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94879,94880,94882,94884,94887,94889,94892],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94881,692],{"class":65},[59,94883,70],{"class":69},[59,94885,94886],{"class":135}," round",[59,94888,139],{"class":73},[59,94890,94891],{"class":178},"10.2",[59,94893,165],{"class":73},[59,94895,94896,94898,94900,94902],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94897,715],{"class":135},[59,94899,139],{"class":73},[59,94901,720],{"class":142},[59,94903,165],{"class":73},[59,94905,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,94907,715],{"class":135},[59,94909,139],{"class":73},[59,94911,3239],{"class":697},[59,94913,139],{"class":73},[59,94915,720],{"class":142},[59,94917,710],{"class":73},[20,94919,168],{},[50,94921,94923],{"className":52,"code":94922,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94924,94925,94929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94926,94927],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94928,2393],{"class":178},[59,94930,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939,94941],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94932,1769],{"class":69},[59,94934,3310],{"class":887},[59,94936,1734],{"class":77},[59,94938,2209],{"class":81},[59,94940,1725],{"class":77},[59,94942,1788],{"class":69},[20,94944,94945,94946,358],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[354,94947,13,94948,536],{"href":2892},[15,94949,2895],{},[45,94951,1599,94953,94955],{"id":94952},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94954,94568],{}," with decimal places",[20,94957,94958],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[50,94960,94962],{"className":52,"code":94961,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94963,94964,94982],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,94965,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,94967,715],{"class":135},[59,94969,139],{"class":73},[59,94971,94609],{"class":135},[59,94973,139],{"class":73},[59,94975,94614],{"class":178},[59,94977,87],{"class":73},[59,94979,3009],{"class":178},[59,94981,710],{"class":73},[59,94983,94984,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,94985,715],{"class":135},[59,94987,139],{"class":73},[59,94989,94609],{"class":135},[59,94991,139],{"class":73},[59,94993,94614],{"class":178},[59,94995,87],{"class":73},[59,94997,2469],{"class":178},[59,94999,710],{"class":73},[20,95001,168],{},[50,95003,95005],{"className":52,"code":95004,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95006,95007,95011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95008,95009],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95010,39976],{"class":178},[59,95012,95013],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95014,95015],{"class":178},"3.142\n",[20,95017,95018],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[50,95020,95022],{"className":52,"code":95021,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95023,95024,95033,95052,95056,95066],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95025,95026,95028,95030],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95027,40186],{"class":65},[59,95029,70],{"class":69},[59,95031,95032],{"class":178}," 19.9876\n",[59,95034,95035,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95036,95037],{"class":65},"rounded_price ",[59,95039,70],{"class":69},[59,95041,94886],{"class":135},[59,95043,139],{"class":73},[59,95045,25142],{"class":142},[59,95047,87],{"class":73},[59,95049,3009],{"class":178},[59,95051,165],{"class":73},[59,95053,95054],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95055,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,95057,95058,95060,95062,95064],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95059,715],{"class":135},[59,95061,139],{"class":73},[59,95063,25142],{"class":142},[59,95065,165],{"class":73},[59,95067,95068,95070,95072,95075],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,95069,715],{"class":135},[59,95071,139],{"class":73},[59,95073,95074],{"class":142},"rounded_price",[59,95076,165],{"class":73},[20,95078,168],{},[50,95080,95082],{"className":52,"code":95081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95083,95084,95089],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95085,95086],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95087,95088],{"class":178},"19.9876\n",[59,95090,95091],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95092,95093],{"class":178},"19.99\n",[20,95095,95096,95097,95100,95101,2896,95103,358],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95098,95099],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[354,95102,40691],{"href":40690},[354,95104,13,95105,536],{"href":2899},[15,95106,2902],{},[45,95108,95110,95111],{"id":95109},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95112,94718],{},[20,95114,95115,95116,95118],{},"A negative ",[15,95117,94718],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[50,95120,95122],{"className":52,"code":95121,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95123,95124,95144,95164],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95125,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95127,715],{"class":135},[59,95129,139],{"class":73},[59,95131,94609],{"class":135},[59,95133,139],{"class":73},[59,95135,94777],{"class":178},[59,95137,87],{"class":73},[59,95139,2241],{"class":69},[59,95141,187],{"class":178},[59,95143,710],{"class":73},[59,95145,95146,95148,95150,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95147,715],{"class":135},[59,95149,139],{"class":73},[59,95151,94609],{"class":135},[59,95153,139],{"class":73},[59,95155,94777],{"class":178},[59,95157,87],{"class":73},[59,95159,2241],{"class":69},[59,95161,195],{"class":178},[59,95163,710],{"class":73},[59,95165,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180,95182],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95167,715],{"class":135},[59,95169,139],{"class":73},[59,95171,94609],{"class":135},[59,95173,139],{"class":73},[59,95175,94777],{"class":178},[59,95177,87],{"class":73},[59,95179,2241],{"class":69},[59,95181,950],{"class":178},[59,95183,710],{"class":73},[20,95185,168],{},[50,95187,95189],{"className":52,"code":95188,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95190,95191,95196,95200],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95192,95193],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95194,95195],{"class":178},"1230\n",[59,95197,95198],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95199,94806],{"class":178},[59,95201,95202],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95203,95204],{"class":178},"1000\n",[20,95206,65392],{},[29,95208,95209,95214,95220],{},[32,95210,95211,95213],{},[15,95212,65662],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[32,95215,95216,95219],{},[15,95217,95218],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[32,95221,95222,95224],{},[15,95223,47473],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95226,95227],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[45,95229,95231],{"id":95230},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95233,95234,95235,358],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95236,95237],{},".5",[20,95239,5480],{},[50,95241,95243],{"className":52,"code":95242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95244,95245,95259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95246,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95248,715],{"class":135},[59,95250,139],{"class":73},[59,95252,94609],{"class":135},[59,95254,139],{"class":73},[59,95256,40958],{"class":178},[59,95258,710],{"class":73},[59,95260,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95262,715],{"class":135},[59,95264,139],{"class":73},[59,95266,94609],{"class":135},[59,95268,139],{"class":73},[59,95270,2065],{"class":178},[59,95272,710],{"class":73},[20,95274,168],{},[50,95276,95278],{"className":52,"code":95277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"2\n4\n",[15,95279,95280,95284],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95281,95282],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95283,17056],{"class":178},[59,95285,95286],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95287,48453],{"class":178},[20,95289,95290,95291,95294,95295,95297],{},"Python uses ",[549,95292,95293],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95296,95237],{}," situations.",[20,95299,95300],{},"More examples:",[50,95302,95304],{"className":52,"code":95303,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95305,95306,95320,95334,95348],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95307,95308,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95309,715],{"class":135},[59,95311,139],{"class":73},[59,95313,94609],{"class":135},[59,95315,139],{"class":73},[59,95317,40971],{"class":178},[59,95319,710],{"class":73},[59,95321,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330,95332],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95323,715],{"class":135},[59,95325,139],{"class":73},[59,95327,94609],{"class":135},[59,95329,139],{"class":73},[59,95331,40958],{"class":178},[59,95333,710],{"class":73},[59,95335,95336,95338,95340,95342,95344,95346],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95337,715],{"class":135},[59,95339,139],{"class":73},[59,95341,94609],{"class":135},[59,95343,139],{"class":73},[59,95345,2065],{"class":178},[59,95347,710],{"class":73},[59,95349,95350,95352,95354,95356,95358,95360],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95351,715],{"class":135},[59,95353,139],{"class":73},[59,95355,94609],{"class":135},[59,95357,139],{"class":73},[59,95359,40923],{"class":178},[59,95361,710],{"class":73},[20,95363,168],{},[50,95365,95367],{"className":52,"code":95366,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95368,95369,95373,95377,95381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95370,95371],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95372,17056],{"class":178},[59,95374,95375],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95376,17056],{"class":178},[59,95378,95379],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95380,48453],{"class":178},[59,95382,95383],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95384,48453],{"class":178},[20,95386,95387],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95389,10714],{},[29,95391,95392,95399],{},[32,95393,95394,2156,95397],{},[15,95395,95396],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95398,195],{},[32,95400,95401,2156,95404],{},[15,95402,95403],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95405,2522],{},[20,95407,3186,95408,95410],{},[15,95409,95237],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[45,95412,95414],{"id":95413},"return-values","Return values",[20,95416,95417,95419],{},[15,95418,94568],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95421,40705,95422,95424],{},[549,95423,4647],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[50,95426,95428],{"className":52,"code":95427,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95429,95430,95439,95443,95453,95471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95431,95432,95434,95436],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95433,2464],{"class":65},[59,95435,70],{"class":69},[59,95437,95438],{"class":178}," 3.14159\n",[59,95440,95441],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95442,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,95444,95445,95447,95449,95451],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95446,715],{"class":135},[59,95448,139],{"class":73},[59,95450,1217],{"class":142},[59,95452,165],{"class":73},[59,95454,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95456,715],{"class":135},[59,95458,139],{"class":73},[59,95460,94609],{"class":135},[59,95462,139],{"class":73},[59,95464,1217],{"class":142},[59,95466,87],{"class":73},[59,95468,3009],{"class":178},[59,95470,710],{"class":73},[59,95472,95473,95475,95477,95479],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,95474,715],{"class":135},[59,95476,139],{"class":73},[59,95478,1217],{"class":142},[59,95480,165],{"class":73},[20,95482,168],{},[50,95484,95486],{"className":52,"code":95485,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95487,95488,95493,95497],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95489,95490],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95491,95492],{"class":178},"3.14159\n",[59,95494,95495],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95496,39976],{"class":178},[59,95498,95499],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95500,95492],{"class":178},[20,95502,95503],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[50,95505,95507],{"className":52,"code":95506,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95508,95509,95517,95535,95539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95510,95511,95513,95515],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95512,2464],{"class":65},[59,95514,70],{"class":69},[59,95516,95438],{"class":178},[59,95518,95519,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95520,2464],{"class":65},[59,95522,70],{"class":69},[59,95524,94886],{"class":135},[59,95526,139],{"class":73},[59,95528,1217],{"class":142},[59,95530,87],{"class":73},[59,95532,3009],{"class":178},[59,95534,165],{"class":73},[59,95536,95537],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95538,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,95540,95541,95543,95545,95547],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95542,715],{"class":135},[59,95544,139],{"class":73},[59,95546,1217],{"class":142},[59,95548,165],{"class":73},[20,95550,168],{},[50,95552,95553],{"className":52,"code":39976,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,95554,95555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95556,95557],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95558,39976],{"class":178},[45,95560,776,95562],{"id":95561},"when-to-use-round",[15,95563,94568],{},[20,95565,201,95566,6324],{},[15,95567,94568],{},[29,95569,95570,95573,95576,95579],{},[32,95571,95572],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[32,95574,95575],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[32,95577,95578],{},"Round values before reporting results",[32,95580,95581],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95583,5480],{},[50,95585,95587],{"className":52,"code":95586,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95588,95589,95598],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95590,95591,95593,95595],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95592,2614],{"class":65},[59,95594,70],{"class":69},[59,95596,95597],{"class":178}," 12.67891\n",[59,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95601,715],{"class":135},[59,95603,139],{"class":73},[59,95605,94609],{"class":135},[59,95607,139],{"class":73},[59,95609,2637],{"class":142},[59,95611,87],{"class":73},[59,95613,3009],{"class":178},[59,95615,710],{"class":73},[20,95617,168],{},[50,95619,95621],{"className":52,"code":95620,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"12.68\n",[15,95622,95623],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95624,95625],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95626,95620],{"class":178},[45,95628,1579],{"id":1578},[20,95630,23089,95631,358],{},[15,95632,94568],{},[1127,95634,8456,95636,95638,95639,95641],{"id":95635},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95637,94568],{}," to always round ",[15,95640,95237],{}," upward",[20,95643,95644],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[50,95646,95647],{"className":52,"code":95242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,95648,95649,95663],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95650,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95652,715],{"class":135},[59,95654,139],{"class":73},[59,95656,94609],{"class":135},[59,95658,139],{"class":73},[59,95660,40958],{"class":178},[59,95662,710],{"class":73},[59,95664,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95666,715],{"class":135},[59,95668,139],{"class":73},[59,95670,94609],{"class":135},[59,95672,139],{"class":73},[59,95674,2065],{"class":178},[59,95676,710],{"class":73},[20,95678,168],{},[50,95680,95681],{"className":52,"code":95277,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,95682,95683,95687],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95684,95685],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95686,17056],{"class":178},[59,95688,95689],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95690,48453],{"class":178},[20,95692,95693],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1127,95695,95697],{"id":95696},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95699,95700,95702],{},[15,95701,94568],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[50,95704,95706],{"className":52,"code":95705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95707,95708,95716,95730,95734],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95709,95710,95712,95714],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95711,2464],{"class":65},[59,95713,70],{"class":69},[59,95715,95438],{"class":178},[59,95717,95718,95720,95722,95724,95726,95728],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95719,94609],{"class":135},[59,95721,139],{"class":73},[59,95723,1217],{"class":142},[59,95725,87],{"class":73},[59,95727,3009],{"class":178},[59,95729,165],{"class":73},[59,95731,95732],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95733,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,95735,95736,95738,95740,95742],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95737,715],{"class":135},[59,95739,139],{"class":73},[59,95741,1217],{"class":142},[59,95743,165],{"class":73},[20,95745,168],{},[50,95747,95748],{"className":52,"code":95492,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,95749,95750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95751,95752],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95753,95492],{"class":178},[20,95755,95756],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[50,95758,95760],{"className":52,"code":95759,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95761,95762],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95763,95764,95766,95768,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95765,2464],{"class":65},[59,95767,70],{"class":69},[59,95769,94886],{"class":135},[59,95771,139],{"class":73},[59,95773,1217],{"class":142},[59,95775,87],{"class":73},[59,95777,3009],{"class":178},[59,95779,165],{"class":73},[1127,95781,95783],{"id":95782},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95785,16401],{},[50,95787,95789],{"className":52,"code":95788,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95790,95791],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95792,95793],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95794,95788],{"class":3678},[20,95796,95797],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[50,95799,95801],{"className":52,"code":95800,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95802,95803,95815,95829,95833],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95804,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95806,34675],{"class":65},[59,95808,70],{"class":69},[59,95810,90],{"class":77},[59,95812,39942],{"class":81},[59,95814,3374],{"class":77},[59,95816,95817,95819,95821,95823,95825,95827],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,95818,2236],{"class":65},[59,95820,70],{"class":69},[59,95822,40054],{"class":697},[59,95824,139],{"class":73},[59,95826,34696],{"class":142},[59,95828,165],{"class":73},[59,95830,95831],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,95832,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,95834,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,95836,715],{"class":135},[59,95838,139],{"class":73},[59,95840,94609],{"class":135},[59,95842,139],{"class":73},[59,95844,896],{"class":142},[59,95846,87],{"class":73},[59,95848,5506],{"class":178},[59,95850,710],{"class":73},[20,95852,168],{},[50,95854,95856],{"className":52,"code":95855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.1\n",[15,95857,95858],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,95859,95860],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,95861,95855],{"class":178},[1127,95863,95865],{"id":95864},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95867,95868,95870],{},[15,95869,94568],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95872,95873,95874,2896,95878,358],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[354,95875,95876],{"href":2899},[15,95877,2902],{},[354,95879,95880],{"href":2892},[15,95881,2895],{},[45,95883,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,95885,1882,95887,95889,95890,95892],{"id":95886},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95888,94568],{}," always round ",[15,95891,40013],{}," up?",[20,95894,95895],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1127,95897,1882,95899,95901],{"id":95898},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95900,94568],{}," change the original number?",[20,95903,95904],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1127,95906,1914,95908,95910],{"id":95907},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95909,94568],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95912,95913,95914,95916,95917,2896,95919,358],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95915,94718],{}," value like ",[15,95918,65662],{},[15,95920,95218],{},[1127,95922,28318,95924,95926,95927,1905],{"id":95923},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95925,94568],{}," on a string like ",[15,95928,47897],{},[20,95930,95931,95932,2896,95934,358],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95933,2902],{},[15,95935,2895],{},[45,95937,1927],{"id":1926},[29,95939,95940,95946,95952,95956],{},[32,95941,95942],{},[354,95943,13,95944,536],{"href":2899},[15,95945,2902],{},[32,95947,95948],{},[354,95949,13,95950,536],{"href":2892},[15,95951,2895],{},[32,95953,95954],{},[354,95955,2437],{"href":2436},[32,95957,95958],{},[354,95959,41981],{"href":40690},[1953,95961,95962],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":95964},[95965,95966,95968,95969,95971,95973,95975,95976,95977,95979,95986,95996],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":94660,"depth":110,"text":95967},"What round() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":94814,"depth":110,"text":95970},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94952,"depth":110,"text":95972},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95109,"depth":110,"text":95974},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95230,"depth":110,"text":95231},{"id":95413,"depth":110,"text":95414},{"id":95561,"depth":110,"text":95978},"When to use round()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":95980},[95981,95983,95984,95985],{"id":95635,"depth":117,"text":95982},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95696,"depth":117,"text":95697},{"id":95782,"depth":117,"text":95783},{"id":95864,"depth":117,"text":95865},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":95987},[95988,95990,95992,95994],{"id":95886,"depth":117,"text":95989},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95898,"depth":117,"text":95991},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95907,"depth":117,"text":95993},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95923,"depth":117,"text":95995},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94560,"description":95997},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96004,"title":96005,"body":96006,"description":97191,"extension":1988,"meta":97192,"navigation":113,"path":97193,"seo":97194,"stem":97195,"__hash__":97196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96007,"toc":97165},[96008,96015,96021,96024,96026,96075,96079,96104,96109,96114,96119,96133,96144,96146,96165,96167,96183,96186,96197,96199,96201,96262,96266,96299,96306,96313,96316,96349,96352,96356,96359,96412,96416,96437,96443,96450,96457,96518,96526,96603,96607,96619,96628,96630,96636,96642,96646,96699,96702,96760,96764,96772,96775,96779,96782,96792,96794,96891,96894,96905,96908,96951,96955,96979,96982,96988,96990,96994,97019,97021,97088,97097,97099,97105,97110,97114,97117,97121,97128,97132,97137,97139,97156,97162],[10,96009,96011,96012,11324],{"id":96010},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96013,96014],{},"add()",[20,96016,96017,96020],{},[15,96018,96019],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96022,96023],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[45,96025,48],{"id":47},[50,96027,96029],{"className":52,"code":96028,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96030,96031,96051,96065],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96032,96033,96035,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96034,664],{"class":65},[59,96036,70],{"class":69},[59,96038,10491],{"class":73},[59,96040,187],{"class":178},[59,96042,87],{"class":73},[59,96044,3009],{"class":178},[59,96046,87],{"class":73},[59,96048,2469],{"class":178},[59,96050,9309],{"class":73},[59,96052,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96054,707],{"class":65},[59,96056,358],{"class":73},[59,96058,81914],{"class":142},[59,96060,139],{"class":73},[59,96062,2522],{"class":178},[59,96064,165],{"class":73},[59,96066,96067,96069,96071,96073],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96068,715],{"class":135},[59,96070,139],{"class":73},[59,96072,707],{"class":142},[59,96074,165],{"class":73},[20,96076,96077],{},[549,96078,168],{},[50,96080,96082],{"className":52,"code":96081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96083,96084],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96085,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96087,893],{"class":73},[59,96089,187],{"class":178},[59,96091,87],{"class":73},[59,96093,3009],{"class":178},[59,96095,87],{"class":73},[59,96097,2469],{"class":178},[59,96099,87],{"class":73},[59,96101,2475],{"class":178},[59,96103,9309],{"class":73},[20,96105,201,96106,96108],{},[15,96107,96014],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[45,96110,208,96112,211],{"id":96111},"what-setadd-does",[15,96113,96019],{},[20,96115,96116,96118],{},[15,96117,96019],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[29,96120,96121,96124,96127,96130],{},[32,96122,96123],{},"Adds one item to a set",[32,96125,96126],{},"Changes the original set in place",[32,96128,96129],{},"Does not return a new set",[32,96131,96132],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96134,96135,96136,2896,96140,358],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[354,96137,96139],{"href":96138},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[354,96141,96143],{"href":96142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[45,96145,362],{"id":361},[50,96147,96149],{"className":52,"code":96148,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96150,96151],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96152,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96154,15667],{"class":65},[59,96156,358],{"class":73},[59,96158,81914],{"class":142},[59,96160,139],{"class":73},[59,96162,23304],{"class":142},[59,96164,165],{"class":73},[20,96166,11461],{},[29,96168,96169,96174,96177],{},[32,96170,55714,96171,96173],{},[15,96172,96014],{}," on an existing set",[32,96175,96176],{},"Pass exactly one item",[32,96178,96179,96180],{},"The item must be ",[549,96181,96182],{},"hashable",[20,96184,96185],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[29,96187,96188,96190,96192,96195],{},[32,96189,56267],{},[32,96191,56270],{},[32,96193,96194],{},"Tuples",[32,96196,40394],{},[45,96198,11478],{"id":11477},[20,96200,11481],{},[50,96202,96204],{"className":52,"code":96203,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96205,96206,96230,96248,96252],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96207,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96209,66],{"class":65},[59,96211,70],{"class":69},[59,96213,10491],{"class":73},[59,96215,78],{"class":77},[59,96217,82],{"class":81},[59,96219,78],{"class":77},[59,96221,87],{"class":73},[59,96223,90],{"class":77},[59,96225,102],{"class":81},[59,96227,78],{"class":77},[59,96229,9309],{"class":73},[59,96231,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96233,143],{"class":65},[59,96235,358],{"class":73},[59,96237,81914],{"class":142},[59,96239,139],{"class":73},[59,96241,78],{"class":77},[59,96243,93],{"class":81},[59,96245,78],{"class":77},[59,96247,165],{"class":73},[59,96249,96250],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96251,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96253,96254,96256,96258,96260],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96255,715],{"class":135},[59,96257,139],{"class":73},[59,96259,143],{"class":142},[59,96261,165],{"class":73},[20,96263,96264],{},[549,96265,30017],{},[50,96267,96269],{"className":52,"code":96268,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96270,96271],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96272,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96274,893],{"class":73},[59,96276,1725],{"class":77},[59,96278,82],{"class":81},[59,96280,1725],{"class":77},[59,96282,87],{"class":73},[59,96284,1734],{"class":77},[59,96286,93],{"class":81},[59,96288,1725],{"class":77},[59,96290,87],{"class":73},[59,96292,1734],{"class":77},[59,96294,102],{"class":81},[59,96296,1725],{"class":77},[59,96298,9309],{"class":73},[20,96300,96301,96302,96305],{},"The new value ",[15,96303,96304],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96307,96308,96309,96312],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[549,96310,96311],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96314,96315],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[50,96317,96319],{"className":52,"code":96318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96320,96321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96322,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96324,893],{"class":73},[59,96326,1725],{"class":77},[59,96328,102],{"class":81},[59,96330,1725],{"class":77},[59,96332,87],{"class":73},[59,96334,1734],{"class":77},[59,96336,82],{"class":81},[59,96338,1725],{"class":77},[59,96340,87],{"class":73},[59,96342,1734],{"class":77},[59,96344,93],{"class":81},[59,96346,1725],{"class":77},[59,96348,9309],{"class":73},[20,96350,96351],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[45,96353,96355],{"id":96354},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96357,96358],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[50,96360,96362],{"className":52,"code":96361,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96363,96364,96384,96398,96402],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96365,96366,96368,96370,96372,96374,96376,96378,96380,96382],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96367,664],{"class":65},[59,96369,70],{"class":69},[59,96371,10491],{"class":73},[59,96373,187],{"class":178},[59,96375,87],{"class":73},[59,96377,3009],{"class":178},[59,96379,87],{"class":73},[59,96381,2469],{"class":178},[59,96383,9309],{"class":73},[59,96385,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96387,707],{"class":65},[59,96389,358],{"class":73},[59,96391,81914],{"class":142},[59,96393,139],{"class":73},[59,96395,195],{"class":178},[59,96397,165],{"class":73},[59,96399,96400],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96401,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96405,715],{"class":135},[59,96407,139],{"class":73},[59,96409,707],{"class":142},[59,96411,165],{"class":73},[20,96413,96414],{},[549,96415,168],{},[50,96417,96419],{"className":52,"code":96418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96420,96421],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96422,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96424,893],{"class":73},[59,96426,187],{"class":178},[59,96428,87],{"class":73},[59,96430,3009],{"class":178},[59,96432,87],{"class":73},[59,96434,2469],{"class":178},[59,96436,9309],{"class":73},[20,96438,96439,96440,96442],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96441,195],{}," was already present.",[45,96444,96446,10586,96448],{"id":96445},"add-vs-update",[15,96447,96014],{},[15,96449,14954],{},[20,96451,201,96452,96454,96455,358],{},[15,96453,96014],{}," when you want to add ",[549,96456,52461],{},[50,96458,96460],{"className":52,"code":96459,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96461,96462,96486,96504,96508],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96465,425],{"class":65},[59,96467,70],{"class":69},[59,96469,10491],{"class":73},[59,96471,78],{"class":77},[59,96473,354],{"class":81},[59,96475,78],{"class":77},[59,96477,87],{"class":73},[59,96479,90],{"class":77},[59,96481,442],{"class":81},[59,96483,78],{"class":77},[59,96485,9309],{"class":73},[59,96487,96488,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96489,480],{"class":65},[59,96491,358],{"class":73},[59,96493,81914],{"class":142},[59,96495,139],{"class":73},[59,96497,78],{"class":77},[59,96499,451],{"class":81},[59,96501,78],{"class":77},[59,96503,165],{"class":73},[59,96505,96506],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96507,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96509,96510,96512,96514,96516],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96511,715],{"class":135},[59,96513,139],{"class":73},[59,96515,480],{"class":142},[59,96517,165],{"class":73},[20,96519,201,96520,96454,96522,96525],{},[15,96521,14954],{},[549,96523,96524],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[50,96527,96529],{"className":52,"code":96528,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96530,96531,96555,96589,96593],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96532,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96534,425],{"class":65},[59,96536,70],{"class":69},[59,96538,10491],{"class":73},[59,96540,78],{"class":77},[59,96542,354],{"class":81},[59,96544,78],{"class":77},[59,96546,87],{"class":73},[59,96548,90],{"class":77},[59,96550,442],{"class":81},[59,96552,78],{"class":77},[59,96554,9309],{"class":73},[59,96556,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96558,480],{"class":65},[59,96560,358],{"class":73},[59,96562,30452],{"class":142},[59,96564,1629],{"class":73},[59,96566,78],{"class":77},[59,96568,451],{"class":81},[59,96570,78],{"class":77},[59,96572,87],{"class":73},[59,96574,90],{"class":77},[59,96576,18766],{"class":81},[59,96578,78],{"class":77},[59,96580,87],{"class":73},[59,96582,90],{"class":77},[59,96584,60254],{"class":81},[59,96586,78],{"class":77},[59,96588,3902],{"class":73},[59,96590,96591],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96592,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96594,96595,96597,96599,96601],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96596,715],{"class":135},[59,96598,139],{"class":73},[59,96600,480],{"class":142},[59,96602,165],{"class":73},[1127,96604,96606],{"id":96605},"key-difference","Key difference",[29,96608,96609,96614],{},[32,96610,96611,96613],{},[15,96612,96014],{}," adds one item",[32,96615,96616,96618],{},[15,96617,14954],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96620,96621,96622,358],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[354,96623,96625,96626,10742],{"href":96624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96627,14954],{},[45,96629,17419],{"id":17418},[20,96631,96632,2414,96634,358],{},[15,96633,96019],{},[15,96635,3792],{},[20,96637,96638,96639,96641],{},"That means you should ",[549,96640,4647],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1127,96643,96645],{"id":96644},"correct","Correct",[50,96647,96649],{"className":52,"code":96648,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96650,96651,96671,96685,96689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96652,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96654,15629],{"class":65},[59,96656,70],{"class":69},[59,96658,10491],{"class":73},[59,96660,187],{"class":178},[59,96662,87],{"class":73},[59,96664,3009],{"class":178},[59,96666,87],{"class":73},[59,96668,2469],{"class":178},[59,96670,9309],{"class":73},[59,96672,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96674,15667],{"class":65},[59,96676,358],{"class":73},[59,96678,81914],{"class":142},[59,96680,139],{"class":73},[59,96682,2522],{"class":178},[59,96684,165],{"class":73},[59,96686,96687],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96688,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96690,96691,96693,96695,96697],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96692,715],{"class":135},[59,96694,139],{"class":73},[59,96696,15667],{"class":142},[59,96698,165],{"class":73},[1127,96700,96701],{"id":61576},"Wrong",[50,96703,96705],{"className":52,"code":96704,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96706,96707,96727,96746,96750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96710,15629],{"class":65},[59,96712,70],{"class":69},[59,96714,10491],{"class":73},[59,96716,187],{"class":178},[59,96718,87],{"class":73},[59,96720,3009],{"class":178},[59,96722,87],{"class":73},[59,96724,2469],{"class":178},[59,96726,9309],{"class":73},[59,96728,96729,96731,96733,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96730,15629],{"class":65},[59,96732,70],{"class":69},[59,96734,96735],{"class":65}," my_set",[59,96737,358],{"class":73},[59,96739,81914],{"class":142},[59,96741,139],{"class":73},[59,96743,2522],{"class":178},[59,96745,165],{"class":73},[59,96747,96748],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96749,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96751,96752,96754,96756,96758],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96753,715],{"class":135},[59,96755,139],{"class":73},[59,96757,15667],{"class":142},[59,96759,165],{"class":73},[20,96761,96762],{},[549,96763,168],{},[50,96765,96766],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,96767,96768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96769,96770],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96771,11810],{"class":3867},[20,96773,96774],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[45,96776,96778],{"id":96777},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96780,96781],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[29,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790],{},[32,96785,56267],{},[32,96787,56270],{},[32,96789,96194],{},[32,96791,40394],{},[20,96793,239],{},[50,96795,96797],{"className":52,"code":96796,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96798,96799,96809,96813,96827,96845,96863,96877,96881],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96800,96801,96803,96805,96807],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96802,1251],{"class":65},[59,96804,70],{"class":69},[59,96806,15634],{"class":697},[59,96808,8647],{"class":73},[59,96810,96811],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96812,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96814,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,96816,1297],{"class":65},[59,96818,358],{"class":73},[59,96820,81914],{"class":142},[59,96822,139],{"class":73},[59,96824,671],{"class":178},[59,96826,165],{"class":73},[59,96828,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,96830,1297],{"class":65},[59,96832,358],{"class":73},[59,96834,81914],{"class":142},[59,96836,139],{"class":73},[59,96838,78],{"class":77},[59,96840,3860],{"class":81},[59,96842,78],{"class":77},[59,96844,165],{"class":73},[59,96846,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,96848,1297],{"class":65},[59,96850,358],{"class":73},[59,96852,81914],{"class":142},[59,96854,5519],{"class":73},[59,96856,187],{"class":178},[59,96858,87],{"class":73},[59,96860,3009],{"class":178},[59,96862,710],{"class":73},[59,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,96866,1297],{"class":65},[59,96868,358],{"class":73},[59,96870,81914],{"class":142},[59,96872,139],{"class":73},[59,96874,3619],{"class":3867},[59,96876,165],{"class":73},[59,96878,96879],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,96880,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,96882,96883,96885,96887,96889],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,96884,715],{"class":135},[59,96886,139],{"class":73},[59,96888,1297],{"class":142},[59,96890,165],{"class":73},[20,96892,96893],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[29,96895,96896,96899,96902],{},[32,96897,96898],{},"Lists",[32,96900,96901],{},"Dictionaries",[32,96903,96904],{},"Sets",[20,96906,96907],{},"Example that causes an error:",[50,96909,96911],{"className":52,"code":96910,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96912,96913,96933],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96914,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923,96925,96927,96929,96931],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96916,1251],{"class":65},[59,96918,70],{"class":69},[59,96920,10491],{"class":73},[59,96922,187],{"class":178},[59,96924,87],{"class":73},[59,96926,3009],{"class":178},[59,96928,87],{"class":73},[59,96930,2469],{"class":178},[59,96932,9309],{"class":73},[59,96934,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,96936,1297],{"class":65},[59,96938,358],{"class":73},[59,96940,81914],{"class":142},[59,96942,1629],{"class":73},[59,96944,2522],{"class":178},[59,96946,87],{"class":73},[59,96948,4621],{"class":178},[59,96950,3902],{"class":73},[20,96952,96953],{},[549,96954,29669],{},[50,96956,96958],{"className":52,"code":96957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96959,96960],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,96961,96962,96964,96966,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,96963,3021],{"class":697},[59,96965,1002],{"class":73},[59,96967,96968],{"class":65}," unhashable ",[59,96970,3239],{"class":697},[59,96972,1002],{"class":73},[59,96974,1734],{"class":77},[59,96976,1651],{"class":81},[59,96978,29688],{"class":77},[20,96980,96981],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96983,96984,96985,358],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96986,96987],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[45,96989,1579],{"id":1578},[20,96991,14733,96992,1002],{},[15,96993,96019],{},[29,96995,96996,97001,97006,97009,97016],{},[32,96997,1599,96998,97000],{},[15,96999,96014],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[32,97002,8456,97003,97005],{},[15,97004,96014],{}," to return the updated set",[32,97007,97008],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[32,97010,1605,97011,97013,97014],{},[15,97012,96019],{}," with list ",[15,97015,52457],{},[32,97017,97018],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97020,71314],{},[50,97022,97024],{"className":52,"code":97023,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97025,97026,97036,97050,97060,97074],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97027,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97029,715],{"class":135},[59,97031,139],{"class":73},[59,97033,15667],{"class":142},[59,97035,165],{"class":73},[59,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97039,715],{"class":135},[59,97041,139],{"class":73},[59,97043,3239],{"class":697},[59,97045,139],{"class":73},[59,97047,15667],{"class":142},[59,97049,710],{"class":73},[59,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97053,715],{"class":135},[59,97055,139],{"class":73},[59,97057,1217],{"class":142},[59,97059,165],{"class":73},[59,97061,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97063,715],{"class":135},[59,97065,139],{"class":73},[59,97067,3239],{"class":697},[59,97069,139],{"class":73},[59,97071,1217],{"class":142},[59,97073,710],{"class":73},[59,97075,97076,97078,97080,97082,97084,97086],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,97077,32141],{"class":135},[59,97079,139],{"class":73},[59,97081,6293],{"class":697},[59,97083,358],{"class":73},[59,97085,81914],{"class":929},[59,97087,165],{"class":73},[20,97089,97090,97091,97093,97094,358],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97092,96019],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[354,97095,52854],{"href":97096},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[45,97098,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,97100,1882,97102,97104],{"id":97101},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97103,96019],{}," return a new set?",[20,97106,97107,97108,358],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97109,3792],{},[1127,97111,97113],{"id":97112},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97115,97116],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1127,97118,97120],{"id":97119},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97122,201,97123,999,97126,358],{},[15,97124,97125],{},"set.update()",[15,97127,96014],{},[1127,97129,97131],{"id":97130},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97133,97134,97135,358],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97136,3021],{},[45,97138,1927],{"id":1926},[29,97140,97141,97145,97150],{},[32,97142,97143],{},[354,97144,96139],{"href":96138},[32,97146,97147],{},[354,97148,97149],{"href":96142},"How to create a set in Python",[32,97151,97152],{},[354,97153,96625,97154,10742],{"href":96624},[15,97155,14954],{},[20,97157,97158,97159,97161],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97160,96014],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1953,97163,97164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":97166},[97167,97168,97170,97171,97172,97173,97177,97181,97182,97183,97190],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":96111,"depth":110,"text":97169},"What set.add() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":96354,"depth":110,"text":96355},{"id":96445,"depth":110,"text":97174,"children":97175},"add() vs update()",[97176],{"id":96605,"depth":117,"text":96606},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419,"children":97178},[97179,97180],{"id":96644,"depth":117,"text":96645},{"id":61576,"depth":117,"text":96701},{"id":96777,"depth":110,"text":96778},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":97184},[97185,97187,97188,97189],{"id":97101,"depth":117,"text":97186},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97112,"depth":117,"text":97113},{"id":97119,"depth":117,"text":97120},{"id":97130,"depth":117,"text":97131},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96005,"description":97191},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97198,"title":97199,"body":97200,"description":98369,"extension":1988,"meta":98370,"navigation":113,"path":98371,"seo":98372,"stem":98373,"__hash__":98374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97201,"toc":98336},[97202,97207,97213,97220,97265,97267,97278,97283,97288,97292,97306,97311,97313,97315,97330,97332,97346,97348,97350,97415,97417,97427,97429,97447,97453,97460,97465,97539,97541,97558,97564,97569,97640,97642,97669,97686,97689,97695,97697,97704,97708,97775,97777,97792,97795,97848,97850,97858,97870,97872,97876,97881,97883,97932,97934,97942,97944,97989,97991,98001,98007,98015,98028,98034,98036,98065,98067,98085,98089,98092,98123,98125,98143,98147,98222,98224,98240,98247,98249,98254,98259,98265,98268,98272,98280,98287,98295,98297,98333],[10,97203,96011,97205,11324],{"id":97204},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97206,11323],{},[20,97208,97209,97212],{},[15,97210,97211],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97214,97215,97216,97219],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[549,97217,97218],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[50,97221,97223],{"className":52,"code":97222,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97224,97225,97245,97255],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97226,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97228,664],{"class":65},[59,97230,70],{"class":69},[59,97232,10491],{"class":73},[59,97234,187],{"class":178},[59,97236,87],{"class":73},[59,97238,3009],{"class":178},[59,97240,87],{"class":73},[59,97242,2469],{"class":178},[59,97244,9309],{"class":73},[59,97246,97247,97249,97251,97253],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97248,707],{"class":65},[59,97250,358],{"class":73},[59,97252,11385],{"class":142},[59,97254,8647],{"class":73},[59,97256,97257,97259,97261,97263],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97258,715],{"class":135},[59,97260,139],{"class":73},[59,97262,707],{"class":142},[59,97264,165],{"class":73},[20,97266,168],{},[50,97268,97270],{"className":52,"code":97269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set()\n",[15,97271,97272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97273,97274,97276],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97275,6293],{"class":697},[59,97277,8647],{"class":73},[20,97279,97280,97282],{},[15,97281,11323],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[45,97284,208,97286,211],{"id":97285},"what-setclear-does",[15,97287,97211],{},[20,97289,2005,97290,11415],{},[15,97291,11323],{},[29,97293,97294,97297,97299,97303],{},[32,97295,97296],{},"Removes every item from a set",[32,97298,96126],{},[32,97300,11426,97301],{},[15,97302,3792],{},[32,97304,97305],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97307,96135,97308,71413],{},[354,97309,96139],{"href":97310},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[45,97312,362],{"id":361},[20,97314,54252],{},[50,97316,97318],{"className":52,"code":97317,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97319,97320],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97321,97322,97324,97326,97328],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97323,15667],{"class":65},[59,97325,358],{"class":73},[59,97327,11385],{"class":142},[59,97329,8647],{"class":73},[20,97331,13054],{},[29,97333,97334,97337,97340,97343],{},[32,97335,97336],{},"It takes no arguments",[32,97338,97339],{},"It empties the set",[32,97341,97342],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[32,97344,97345],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[45,97347,11478],{"id":11477},[20,97349,11481],{},[50,97351,97353],{"className":52,"code":97352,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97354,97355,97387,97391,97401,97405],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97356,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97358,66],{"class":65},[59,97360,70],{"class":69},[59,97362,10491],{"class":73},[59,97364,78],{"class":77},[59,97366,82],{"class":81},[59,97368,78],{"class":77},[59,97370,87],{"class":73},[59,97372,90],{"class":77},[59,97374,93],{"class":81},[59,97376,78],{"class":77},[59,97378,87],{"class":73},[59,97380,90],{"class":77},[59,97382,102],{"class":81},[59,97384,78],{"class":77},[59,97386,9309],{"class":73},[59,97388,97389],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97390,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97392,97393,97395,97397,97399],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97394,143],{"class":65},[59,97396,358],{"class":73},[59,97398,11385],{"class":142},[59,97400,8647],{"class":73},[59,97402,97403],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97404,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97406,97407,97409,97411,97413],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,97408,715],{"class":135},[59,97410,139],{"class":73},[59,97412,143],{"class":142},[59,97414,165],{"class":73},[20,97416,168],{},[50,97418,97419],{"className":52,"code":97269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,97420,97421],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97422,97423,97425],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97424,6293],{"class":697},[59,97426,8647],{"class":73},[20,97428,11687],{},[29,97430,97431,97436,97441],{},[32,97432,97433,97435],{},[15,97434,143],{}," starts with three values",[32,97437,97438,11700],{},[15,97439,97440],{},"colors.clear()",[32,97442,97443,97444,97446],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97445,3811],{},", which means an empty set",[45,97448,97450,97452],{"id":97449},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97451,11323],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97454,97455,4408,97457,97459],{},[15,97456,11323],{},[15,97458,3811],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1127,97461,1599,97463],{"id":97462},"using-clear",[15,97464,11323],{},[50,97466,97468],{"className":52,"code":97467,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97469,97470,97490,97500,97504,97514,97518,97528],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97473,1251],{"class":65},[59,97475,70],{"class":69},[59,97477,10491],{"class":73},[59,97479,187],{"class":178},[59,97481,87],{"class":73},[59,97483,3009],{"class":178},[59,97485,87],{"class":73},[59,97487,2469],{"class":178},[59,97489,9309],{"class":73},[59,97491,97492,97495,97497],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97493,97494],{"class":65},"other_name ",[59,97496,70],{"class":69},[59,97498,97499],{"class":65}," items\n",[59,97501,97502],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97503,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97505,97506,97508,97510,97512],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97507,1297],{"class":65},[59,97509,358],{"class":73},[59,97511,11385],{"class":142},[59,97513,8647],{"class":73},[59,97515,97516],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,97517,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97519,97520,97522,97524,97526],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,97521,715],{"class":135},[59,97523,139],{"class":73},[59,97525,1297],{"class":142},[59,97527,165],{"class":73},[59,97529,97530,97532,97534,97537],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,97531,715],{"class":135},[59,97533,139],{"class":73},[59,97535,97536],{"class":142},"other_name",[59,97538,165],{"class":73},[20,97540,168],{},[50,97542,97544],{"className":52,"code":97543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97545,97546,97552],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97547,97548,97550],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97549,6293],{"class":697},[59,97551,8647],{"class":73},[59,97553,97554,97556],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97555,6293],{"class":697},[59,97557,8647],{"class":73},[20,97559,97560,97561,358],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[549,97562,97563],{},"same set object",[1127,97565,1599,97567],{"id":97566},"using-set",[15,97568,3811],{},[50,97570,97572],{"className":52,"code":97571,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97573,97574,97594,97602,97606,97616,97620,97630],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97575,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97577,1251],{"class":65},[59,97579,70],{"class":69},[59,97581,10491],{"class":73},[59,97583,187],{"class":178},[59,97585,87],{"class":73},[59,97587,3009],{"class":178},[59,97589,87],{"class":73},[59,97591,2469],{"class":178},[59,97593,9309],{"class":73},[59,97595,97596,97598,97600],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97597,97494],{"class":65},[59,97599,70],{"class":69},[59,97601,97499],{"class":65},[59,97603,97604],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97605,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97609,1251],{"class":65},[59,97611,70],{"class":69},[59,97613,15634],{"class":697},[59,97615,8647],{"class":73},[59,97617,97618],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,97619,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,97623,715],{"class":135},[59,97625,139],{"class":73},[59,97627,1297],{"class":142},[59,97629,165],{"class":73},[59,97631,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,97633,715],{"class":135},[59,97635,139],{"class":73},[59,97637,97536],{"class":142},[59,97639,165],{"class":73},[20,97641,168],{},[50,97643,97645],{"className":52,"code":97644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97646,97647,97653],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97648,97649,97651],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97650,6293],{"class":697},[59,97652,8647],{"class":73},[59,97654,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663,97665,97667],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97656,893],{"class":73},[59,97658,187],{"class":178},[59,97660,87],{"class":73},[59,97662,3009],{"class":178},[59,97664,87],{"class":73},[59,97666,2469],{"class":178},[59,97668,9309],{"class":73},[20,97670,20770,97671,92903,97674,97677,97678,358,97680,97682,97683,97685],{},[15,97672,97673],{},"items = set()",[549,97675,97676],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97679,1297],{},[9846,97681],{},"\nBut ",[15,97684,97536],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97687,97688],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97690,97691,97692,358],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[354,97693,96143],{"href":97694},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[45,97696,17419],{"id":17418},[20,97698,97699,14053,97701,97703],{},[15,97700,11323],{},[549,97702,4647],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97705,5159,97706,358],{},[15,97707,3792],{},[50,97709,97711],{"className":52,"code":97710,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97712,97713,97733,97737,97751,97755,97765],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97716,664],{"class":65},[59,97718,70],{"class":69},[59,97720,10491],{"class":73},[59,97722,187],{"class":178},[59,97724,87],{"class":73},[59,97726,3009],{"class":178},[59,97728,87],{"class":73},[59,97730,2469],{"class":178},[59,97732,9309],{"class":73},[59,97734,97735],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97736,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97738,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97740,692],{"class":65},[59,97742,70],{"class":69},[59,97744,4277],{"class":65},[59,97746,358],{"class":73},[59,97748,11385],{"class":142},[59,97750,8647],{"class":73},[59,97752,97753],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97754,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,97758,715],{"class":135},[59,97760,139],{"class":73},[59,97762,720],{"class":142},[59,97764,165],{"class":73},[59,97766,97767,97769,97771,97773],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,97768,715],{"class":135},[59,97770,139],{"class":73},[59,97772,707],{"class":142},[59,97774,165],{"class":73},[20,97776,168],{},[50,97778,97780],{"className":52,"code":97779,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"None\nset()\n",[15,97781,97782,97786],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97783,97784],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97785,11810],{"class":3867},[59,97787,97788,97790],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97789,6293],{"class":697},[59,97791,8647],{"class":73},[20,97793,97794],{},"Do not do this:",[50,97796,97798],{"className":52,"code":97797,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97799,97800,97820,97834,97838],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97801,97802,97804,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97803,664],{"class":65},[59,97805,70],{"class":69},[59,97807,10491],{"class":73},[59,97809,187],{"class":178},[59,97811,87],{"class":73},[59,97813,3009],{"class":178},[59,97815,87],{"class":73},[59,97817,2469],{"class":178},[59,97819,9309],{"class":73},[59,97821,97822,97824,97826,97828,97830,97832],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97823,664],{"class":65},[59,97825,70],{"class":69},[59,97827,4277],{"class":65},[59,97829,358],{"class":73},[59,97831,11385],{"class":142},[59,97833,8647],{"class":73},[59,97835,97836],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97837,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,97839,97840,97842,97844,97846],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,97841,715],{"class":135},[59,97843,139],{"class":73},[59,97845,707],{"class":142},[59,97847,165],{"class":73},[20,97849,168],{},[50,97851,97852],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,97853,97854],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97855,97856],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97857,11810],{"class":3867},[20,97859,22186,97860,2414,97862,97864,97865,97867,97868,358],{},[15,97861,54365],{},[15,97863,3792],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97866,3792],{}," back to ",[15,97869,707],{},[45,97871,4534],{"id":4533},[20,97873,10749,97874,358],{},[15,97875,97211],{},[1127,97877,12597,97879],{"id":97878},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97880,11323],{},[20,97882,16644],{},[50,97884,97886],{"className":52,"code":97885,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97887,97888,97908,97922],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97889,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902,97904,97906],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97891,15629],{"class":65},[59,97893,70],{"class":69},[59,97895,10491],{"class":73},[59,97897,187],{"class":178},[59,97899,87],{"class":73},[59,97901,3009],{"class":178},[59,97903,87],{"class":73},[59,97905,2469],{"class":178},[59,97907,9309],{"class":73},[59,97909,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97911,15629],{"class":65},[59,97913,70],{"class":69},[59,97915,96735],{"class":65},[59,97917,358],{"class":73},[59,97919,11385],{"class":142},[59,97921,8647],{"class":73},[59,97923,97924,97926,97928,97930],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97925,715],{"class":135},[59,97927,139],{"class":73},[59,97929,15667],{"class":142},[59,97931,165],{"class":73},[20,97933,168],{},[50,97935,97936],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,97937,97938],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97939,97940],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97941,11810],{"class":3867},[20,97943,16656],{},[50,97945,97947],{"className":52,"code":97946,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97948,97949,97969,97979],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97950,97951,97953,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97952,15629],{"class":65},[59,97954,70],{"class":69},[59,97956,10491],{"class":73},[59,97958,187],{"class":178},[59,97960,87],{"class":73},[59,97962,3009],{"class":178},[59,97964,87],{"class":73},[59,97966,2469],{"class":178},[59,97968,9309],{"class":73},[59,97970,97971,97973,97975,97977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,97972,15667],{"class":65},[59,97974,358],{"class":73},[59,97976,11385],{"class":142},[59,97978,8647],{"class":73},[59,97980,97981,97983,97985,97987],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,97982,715],{"class":135},[59,97984,139],{"class":73},[59,97986,15667],{"class":142},[59,97988,165],{"class":73},[20,97990,168],{},[50,97992,97993],{"className":52,"code":97269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,97994,97995],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,97996,97997,97999],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,97998,6293],{"class":697},[59,98000,8647],{"class":73},[1127,98002,8456,98004,98006],{"id":98003},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98005,11323],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98008,98009,98011,98012,98014],{},[15,98010,11323],{}," removes ",[549,98013,3730],{}," items from the set.",[20,98016,98017,98018,2896,98023,358],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[354,98019,98021],{"href":98020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98022,55334],{},[354,98024,98026],{"href":98025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98027,12765],{},[1127,98029,1599,98031,98033],{"id":98030},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98032,3806],{}," for an empty set",[20,98035,25680],{},[50,98037,98039],{"className":52,"code":98038,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98040,98041,98050],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98042,98043,98046,98048],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98044,98045],{"class":65},"empty_value ",[59,98047,70],{"class":69},[59,98049,9838],{"class":73},[59,98051,98052,98054,98056,98058,98060,98063],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98053,715],{"class":135},[59,98055,139],{"class":73},[59,98057,3239],{"class":697},[59,98059,139],{"class":73},[59,98061,98062],{"class":142},"empty_value",[59,98064,710],{"class":73},[20,98066,168],{},[50,98068,98069],{"className":52,"code":8812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,98070,98071],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98072,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98074,1769],{"class":69},[59,98076,3310],{"class":887},[59,98078,1734],{"class":77},[59,98080,8825],{"class":81},[59,98082,1725],{"class":77},[59,98084,1788],{"class":69},[20,98086,98087,8792],{},[15,98088,3806],{},[20,98090,98091],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[50,98093,98095],{"className":52,"code":98094,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98096,98097,98108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98098,98099,98102,98104,98106],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98100,98101],{"class":65},"empty_set ",[59,98103,70],{"class":69},[59,98105,15634],{"class":697},[59,98107,8647],{"class":73},[59,98109,98110,98112,98114,98116,98118,98121],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98111,715],{"class":135},[59,98113,139],{"class":73},[59,98115,3239],{"class":697},[59,98117,139],{"class":73},[59,98119,98120],{"class":142},"empty_set",[59,98122,710],{"class":73},[20,98124,168],{},[50,98126,98127],{"className":52,"code":8856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,98128,98129],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98130,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139,98141],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98132,1769],{"class":69},[59,98134,3310],{"class":887},[59,98136,1734],{"class":77},[59,98138,6293],{"class":81},[59,98140,1725],{"class":77},[59,98142,1788],{"class":69},[1127,98144,98146],{"id":98145},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[50,98148,98150],{"className":52,"code":98149,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98151,98152,98176,98184,98188,98198,98202,98212],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98153,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164,98166,98168,98170,98172,98174],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98155,2572],{"class":65},[59,98157,70],{"class":69},[59,98159,10491],{"class":73},[59,98161,78],{"class":77},[59,98163,1260],{"class":81},[59,98165,78],{"class":77},[59,98167,87],{"class":73},[59,98169,90],{"class":77},[59,98171,1269],{"class":81},[59,98173,78],{"class":77},[59,98175,9309],{"class":73},[59,98177,98178,98180,98182],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98179,2600],{"class":65},[59,98181,70],{"class":69},[59,98183,512],{"class":65},[59,98185,98186],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,98187,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,98189,98190,98192,98194,98196],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,98191,354],{"class":65},[59,98193,358],{"class":73},[59,98195,11385],{"class":142},[59,98197,8647],{"class":73},[59,98199,98200],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,98201,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,98203,98204,98206,98208,98210],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,98205,715],{"class":135},[59,98207,139],{"class":73},[59,98209,354],{"class":142},[59,98211,165],{"class":73},[59,98213,98214,98216,98218,98220],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,98215,715],{"class":135},[59,98217,139],{"class":73},[59,98219,442],{"class":142},[59,98221,165],{"class":73},[20,98223,168],{},[50,98225,98226],{"className":52,"code":97543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,98227,98228,98234],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98229,98230,98232],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98231,6293],{"class":697},[59,98233,8647],{"class":73},[59,98235,98236,98238],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98237,6293],{"class":697},[59,98239,8647],{"class":73},[20,98241,1397,98242,4408,98244,98246],{},[15,98243,354],{},[15,98245,442],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[45,98248,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,98250,1872,98252,1875],{"id":98251},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98253,97211],{},[20,98255,5159,98256,98258],{},[15,98257,3792],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1127,98260,1882,98262,98264],{"id":98261},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98263,11323],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98266,98267],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1127,98269,98271],{"id":98270},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98273,98274,98275,98277,98278,358],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98276,11323],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98279,3811],{},[1127,98281,5190,98283,4408,98285,1905],{"id":98282},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98284,11323],{},[15,98286,3811],{},[20,98288,98289,98291,98292,98294],{},[15,98290,11323],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98293,3811],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[45,98296,1927],{"id":1926},[29,98298,98299,98303,98307,98314,98320,98326],{},[32,98300,98301],{},[354,98302,96139],{"href":97310},[32,98304,98305],{},[354,98306,97149],{"href":97694},[32,98308,98309],{},[354,98310,96625,98312,10742],{"href":98311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98313,96014],{},[32,98315,98316],{},[354,98317,96625,98318,10742],{"href":98020},[15,98319,55334],{},[32,98321,98322],{},[354,98323,96625,98324,10742],{"href":98025},[15,98325,12765],{},[32,98327,98328],{},[354,98329,96625,98331,10742],{"href":98330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98332,14954],{},[1953,98334,98335],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":98337},[98338,98340,98341,98342,98349,98350,98359,98368],{"id":97285,"depth":110,"text":98339},"What set.clear() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":97449,"depth":110,"text":98343,"children":98344},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98345,98347],{"id":97462,"depth":117,"text":98346},"Using clear()",{"id":97566,"depth":117,"text":98348},"Using set()",{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":98351},[98352,98354,98356,98358],{"id":97878,"depth":117,"text":98353},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98003,"depth":117,"text":98355},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98030,"depth":117,"text":98357},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98145,"depth":117,"text":98146},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":98360},[98361,98363,98365,98366],{"id":98251,"depth":117,"text":98362},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98261,"depth":117,"text":98364},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98270,"depth":117,"text":98271},{"id":98282,"depth":117,"text":98367},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97199,"description":98369},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98376,"title":98377,"body":98378,"description":100210,"extension":1988,"meta":100211,"navigation":113,"path":96142,"seo":100212,"stem":100213,"__hash__":100214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98379,"toc":100167},[98380,98383,98386,98389,98391,98494,98498,98545,98551,98553,98572,98576,98579,98581,98595,98604,98608,98611,98646,98650,98670,98673,98677,98680,98741,98745,98770,98777,98783,98788,98790,98802,98806,98855,98859,98883,98890,98894,98935,98939,98960,98964,98997,99001,99042,99045,99049,99054,99093,99097,99122,99127,99133,99170,99174,99197,99201,99203,99206,99209,99286,99290,99327,99330,99334,99340,99343,99353,99402,99408,99414,99441,99444,99466,99468,99499,99502,99506,99510,99549,99553,99616,99619,99652,99656,99681,99683,99686,99692,99695,99722,99725,99743,99747,99751,99754,99797,99800,99804,99807,99810,99840,99843,99847,99850,99865,99870,99874,99877,99966,99968,99971,100061,100064,100082,100084,100088,100098,100102,100110,100114,100117,100121,100124,100128,100131,100133,100161,100164],[10,98381,98377],{"id":98382},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98384,98385],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98387,98388],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[45,98390,3624],{"id":3623},[50,98392,98394],{"className":52,"code":98393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98395,98396,98416,98450,98460,98464,98474,98484],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98399,664],{"class":65},[59,98401,70],{"class":69},[59,98403,10491],{"class":73},[59,98405,187],{"class":178},[59,98407,87],{"class":73},[59,98409,3009],{"class":178},[59,98411,87],{"class":73},[59,98413,2469],{"class":178},[59,98415,9309],{"class":73},[59,98417,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98419,4085],{"class":65},[59,98421,70],{"class":69},[59,98423,15634],{"class":697},[59,98425,1629],{"class":73},[59,98427,78],{"class":77},[59,98429,588],{"class":81},[59,98431,78],{"class":77},[59,98433,87],{"class":73},[59,98435,90],{"class":77},[59,98437,597],{"class":81},[59,98439,78],{"class":77},[59,98441,87],{"class":73},[59,98443,90],{"class":77},[59,98445,588],{"class":81},[59,98447,78],{"class":77},[59,98449,3902],{"class":73},[59,98451,98452,98454,98456,98458],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,98453,98101],{"class":65},[59,98455,70],{"class":69},[59,98457,15634],{"class":697},[59,98459,8647],{"class":73},[59,98461,98462],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,98463,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,98465,98466,98468,98470,98472],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,98467,715],{"class":135},[59,98469,139],{"class":73},[59,98471,707],{"class":142},[59,98473,165],{"class":73},[59,98475,98476,98478,98480,98482],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,98477,715],{"class":135},[59,98479,139],{"class":73},[59,98481,4127],{"class":142},[59,98483,165],{"class":73},[59,98485,98486,98488,98490,98492],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,98487,715],{"class":135},[59,98489,139],{"class":73},[59,98491,98120],{"class":142},[59,98493,165],{"class":73},[20,98495,98496],{},[549,98497,168],{},[50,98499,98501],{"className":52,"code":98500,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98502,98503,98519,98539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98504,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98506,893],{"class":73},[59,98508,187],{"class":178},[59,98510,87],{"class":73},[59,98512,3009],{"class":178},[59,98514,87],{"class":73},[59,98516,2469],{"class":178},[59,98518,9309],{"class":73},[59,98520,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98522,893],{"class":73},[59,98524,1725],{"class":77},[59,98526,597],{"class":81},[59,98528,1725],{"class":77},[59,98530,87],{"class":73},[59,98532,1734],{"class":77},[59,98534,588],{"class":81},[59,98536,1725],{"class":77},[59,98538,9309],{"class":73},[59,98540,98541,98543],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,98542,6293],{"class":697},[59,98544,8647],{"class":73},[20,98546,98547,98548,98550],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98549,3811],{}," for an empty set.",[45,98552,15163],{"id":15162},[29,98554,98555,98558,98563,98566,98569],{},[32,98556,98557],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[32,98559,98560,98561],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98562,3811],{},[32,98564,98565],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[32,98567,98568],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[32,98570,98571],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[45,98573,98575],{"id":98574},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98577,98578],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98580,30528],{},[29,98582,98583,98586,98589,98592],{},[32,98584,98585],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[32,98587,98588],{},"Sets are unordered",[32,98590,98591],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[32,98593,98594],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98596,98597,98598,2896,98600,358],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[354,98599,96139],{"href":97310},[354,98601,98603],{"href":98602},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[45,98605,98607],{"id":98606},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98609,98610],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[50,98612,98614],{"className":52,"code":98613,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98615,98616,98636],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98617,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98619,664],{"class":65},[59,98621,70],{"class":69},[59,98623,10491],{"class":73},[59,98625,187],{"class":178},[59,98627,87],{"class":73},[59,98629,3009],{"class":178},[59,98631,87],{"class":73},[59,98633,2469],{"class":178},[59,98635,9309],{"class":73},[59,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98639,715],{"class":135},[59,98641,139],{"class":73},[59,98643,707],{"class":142},[59,98645,165],{"class":73},[20,98647,98648],{},[549,98649,30017],{},[50,98651,98652],{"className":52,"code":96418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,98653,98654],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98657,893],{"class":73},[59,98659,187],{"class":178},[59,98661,87],{"class":73},[59,98663,3009],{"class":178},[59,98665,87],{"class":73},[59,98667,2469],{"class":178},[59,98669,9309],{"class":73},[20,98671,98672],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1127,98674,98676],{"id":98675},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98678,98679],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[50,98681,98683],{"className":52,"code":98682,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98684,98685,98717,98727],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98688,664],{"class":65},[59,98690,70],{"class":69},[59,98692,10491],{"class":73},[59,98694,187],{"class":178},[59,98696,87],{"class":73},[59,98698,3009],{"class":178},[59,98700,87],{"class":73},[59,98702,3009],{"class":178},[59,98704,87],{"class":73},[59,98706,2469],{"class":178},[59,98708,87],{"class":73},[59,98710,2469],{"class":178},[59,98712,87],{"class":73},[59,98714,2469],{"class":178},[59,98716,9309],{"class":73},[59,98718,98719,98721,98723,98725],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98720,715],{"class":135},[59,98722,139],{"class":73},[59,98724,707],{"class":142},[59,98726,165],{"class":73},[59,98728,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,98730,715],{"class":135},[59,98732,139],{"class":73},[59,98734,11163],{"class":135},[59,98736,139],{"class":73},[59,98738,707],{"class":142},[59,98740,710],{"class":73},[20,98742,98743],{},[549,98744,30017],{},[50,98746,98748],{"className":52,"code":98747,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98749,98750,98766],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98751,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98753,893],{"class":73},[59,98755,187],{"class":178},[59,98757,87],{"class":73},[59,98759,3009],{"class":178},[59,98761,87],{"class":73},[59,98763,2469],{"class":178},[59,98765,9309],{"class":73},[59,98767,98768],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98769,46419],{"class":178},[20,98771,20977,98772,4408,98774,98776],{},[15,98773,195],{},[15,98775,950],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[45,98778,98780,98781],{"id":98779},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98782,3811],{},[20,98784,201,98785,98787],{},[15,98786,3811],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98789,5465],{},[29,98791,98792,98794,98796,98798],{},[32,98793,96898],{},[32,98795,96194],{},[32,98797,56270],{},[32,98799,98800],{},[15,98801,535],{},[1127,98803,98805],{"id":98804},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[50,98807,98809],{"className":52,"code":98808,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98810,98811,98845],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98812,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98814,664],{"class":65},[59,98816,70],{"class":69},[59,98818,15634],{"class":697},[59,98820,1629],{"class":73},[59,98822,187],{"class":178},[59,98824,87],{"class":73},[59,98826,3009],{"class":178},[59,98828,87],{"class":73},[59,98830,3009],{"class":178},[59,98832,87],{"class":73},[59,98834,2469],{"class":178},[59,98836,87],{"class":73},[59,98838,2469],{"class":178},[59,98840,87],{"class":73},[59,98842,2475],{"class":178},[59,98844,3902],{"class":73},[59,98846,98847,98849,98851,98853],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98848,715],{"class":135},[59,98850,139],{"class":73},[59,98852,707],{"class":142},[59,98854,165],{"class":73},[20,98856,98857],{},[549,98858,30017],{},[50,98860,98861],{"className":52,"code":96081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,98862,98863],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98864,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98866,893],{"class":73},[59,98868,187],{"class":178},[59,98870,87],{"class":73},[59,98872,3009],{"class":178},[59,98874,87],{"class":73},[59,98876,2469],{"class":178},[59,98878,87],{"class":73},[59,98880,2475],{"class":178},[59,98882,9309],{"class":73},[20,98884,98885,98886,358],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[354,98887,98889],{"href":98888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1127,98891,98893],{"id":98892},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[50,98895,98897],{"className":52,"code":98896,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98898,98899,98925],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98900,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98902,3837],{"class":65},[59,98904,70],{"class":69},[59,98906,15634],{"class":697},[59,98908,5519],{"class":73},[59,98910,671],{"class":178},[59,98912,87],{"class":73},[59,98914,676],{"class":178},[59,98916,87],{"class":73},[59,98918,676],{"class":178},[59,98920,87],{"class":73},[59,98922,681],{"class":178},[59,98924,710],{"class":73},[59,98926,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98928,715],{"class":135},[59,98930,139],{"class":73},[59,98932,5366],{"class":142},[59,98934,165],{"class":73},[20,98936,98937],{},[549,98938,30017],{},[50,98940,98942],{"className":52,"code":98941,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98943,98944],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98945,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98947,893],{"class":73},[59,98949,671],{"class":178},[59,98951,87],{"class":73},[59,98953,676],{"class":178},[59,98955,87],{"class":73},[59,98957,681],{"class":178},[59,98959,9309],{"class":73},[1127,98961,98963],{"id":98962},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[50,98965,98967],{"className":52,"code":98966,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98968,98969,98987],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,98970,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,98972,425],{"class":65},[59,98974,70],{"class":69},[59,98976,15634],{"class":697},[59,98978,139],{"class":73},[59,98980,78],{"class":77},[59,98982,3860],{"class":81},[59,98984,78],{"class":77},[59,98986,165],{"class":73},[59,98988,98989,98991,98993,98995],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,98990,715],{"class":135},[59,98992,139],{"class":73},[59,98994,480],{"class":142},[59,98996,165],{"class":73},[20,98998,98999],{},[549,99000,30017],{},[50,99002,99004],{"className":52,"code":99003,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99005,99006],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99009,893],{"class":73},[59,99011,1725],{"class":77},[59,99013,60245],{"class":81},[59,99015,1725],{"class":77},[59,99017,87],{"class":73},[59,99019,1734],{"class":77},[59,99021,60254],{"class":81},[59,99023,1725],{"class":77},[59,99025,87],{"class":73},[59,99027,1734],{"class":77},[59,99029,60263],{"class":81},[59,99031,1725],{"class":77},[59,99033,87],{"class":73},[59,99035,1734],{"class":77},[59,99037,60280],{"class":81},[59,99039,1725],{"class":77},[59,99041,9309],{"class":73},[20,99043,99044],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[45,99046,99048],{"id":99047},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99050,99051,99052,358],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99053,3811],{},[50,99055,99057],{"className":52,"code":99056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99058,99059,99069,99079],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99060,99061,99063,99065,99067],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99062,98101],{"class":65},[59,99064,70],{"class":69},[59,99066,15634],{"class":697},[59,99068,8647],{"class":73},[59,99070,99071,99073,99075,99077],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99072,715],{"class":135},[59,99074,139],{"class":73},[59,99076,98120],{"class":142},[59,99078,165],{"class":73},[59,99080,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,99082,715],{"class":135},[59,99084,139],{"class":73},[59,99086,3239],{"class":697},[59,99088,139],{"class":73},[59,99090,98120],{"class":142},[59,99092,710],{"class":73},[20,99094,99095],{},[549,99096,168],{},[50,99098,99100],{"className":52,"code":99099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99101,99102,99108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99103,99104,99106],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99105,6293],{"class":697},[59,99107,8647],{"class":73},[59,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99111,1769],{"class":69},[59,99113,3310],{"class":887},[59,99115,1734],{"class":77},[59,99117,6293],{"class":81},[59,99119,1725],{"class":77},[59,99121,1788],{"class":69},[1127,99123,44230,99125],{"id":99124},"do-not-use",[15,99126,3806],{},[20,99128,99129,99130,99132],{},"Empty braces do ",[549,99131,4647],{}," create a set.",[50,99134,99136],{"className":52,"code":99135,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99137,99138,99146,99156],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99139,99140,99142,99144],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99141,98045],{"class":65},[59,99143,70],{"class":69},[59,99145,9838],{"class":73},[59,99147,99148,99150,99152,99154],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99149,715],{"class":135},[59,99151,139],{"class":73},[59,99153,98062],{"class":142},[59,99155,165],{"class":73},[59,99157,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,99159,715],{"class":135},[59,99161,139],{"class":73},[59,99163,3239],{"class":697},[59,99165,139],{"class":73},[59,99167,98062],{"class":142},[59,99169,710],{"class":73},[20,99171,99172],{},[549,99173,168],{},[50,99175,99177],{"className":52,"code":99176,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99178,99179,99183],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99180,99181],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99182,9435],{"class":73},[59,99184,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99186,1769],{"class":69},[59,99188,3310],{"class":887},[59,99190,1734],{"class":77},[59,99192,8825],{"class":81},[59,99194,1725],{"class":77},[59,99196,1788],{"class":69},[20,99198,99199,8792],{},[15,99200,3806],{},[45,99202,72077],{"id":72076},[20,99204,99205],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99207,99208],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[50,99210,99212],{"className":52,"code":99211,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99213,99214,99262,99272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99217,4085],{"class":65},[59,99219,70],{"class":69},[59,99221,10491],{"class":73},[59,99223,78],{"class":77},[59,99225,588],{"class":81},[59,99227,78],{"class":77},[59,99229,87],{"class":73},[59,99231,90],{"class":77},[59,99233,597],{"class":81},[59,99235,78],{"class":77},[59,99237,87],{"class":73},[59,99239,90],{"class":77},[59,99241,588],{"class":81},[59,99243,78],{"class":77},[59,99245,87],{"class":73},[59,99247,90],{"class":77},[59,99249,588],{"class":81},[59,99251,78],{"class":77},[59,99253,87],{"class":73},[59,99255,90],{"class":77},[59,99257,606],{"class":81},[59,99259,78],{"class":77},[59,99261,9309],{"class":73},[59,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99265,715],{"class":135},[59,99267,139],{"class":73},[59,99269,4127],{"class":142},[59,99271,165],{"class":73},[59,99273,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,99275,715],{"class":135},[59,99277,139],{"class":73},[59,99279,11163],{"class":135},[59,99281,139],{"class":73},[59,99283,4127],{"class":142},[59,99285,710],{"class":73},[20,99287,99288],{},[549,99289,30017],{},[50,99291,99293],{"className":52,"code":99292,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99294,99295,99323],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99298,893],{"class":73},[59,99300,1725],{"class":77},[59,99302,597],{"class":81},[59,99304,1725],{"class":77},[59,99306,87],{"class":73},[59,99308,1734],{"class":77},[59,99310,606],{"class":81},[59,99312,1725],{"class":77},[59,99314,87],{"class":73},[59,99316,1734],{"class":77},[59,99318,588],{"class":81},[59,99320,1725],{"class":77},[59,99322,9309],{"class":73},[59,99324,99325],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99326,46419],{"class":178},[20,99328,99329],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[45,99331,99333],{"id":99332},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99335,99336,99337,99339],{},"Set items must be ",[549,99338,96182],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99341,99342],{},"These usually work:",[29,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351],{},[32,99346,56267],{},[32,99348,56270],{},[32,99350,96194],{},[32,99352,40394],{},[50,99354,99356],{"className":52,"code":99355,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99357,99358,99392],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99361,3837],{"class":65},[59,99363,70],{"class":69},[59,99365,10491],{"class":73},[59,99367,187],{"class":178},[59,99369,87],{"class":73},[59,99371,90],{"class":77},[59,99373,588],{"class":81},[59,99375,78],{"class":77},[59,99377,87],{"class":73},[59,99379,747],{"class":73},[59,99381,671],{"class":178},[59,99383,87],{"class":73},[59,99385,676],{"class":178},[59,99387,744],{"class":73},[59,99389,3930],{"class":3867},[59,99391,9309],{"class":73},[59,99393,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99395,715],{"class":135},[59,99397,139],{"class":73},[59,99399,5366],{"class":142},[59,99401,165],{"class":73},[20,99403,99404,99405,99407],{},"These do ",[549,99406,4647],{}," work directly:",[29,99409,99410,99412],{},[32,99411,96898],{},[32,99413,96901],{},[50,99415,99417],{"className":52,"code":99416,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99418,99419],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99420,99421,99424,99426,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99422,99423],{"class":65},"bad_set ",[59,99425,70],{"class":69},[59,99427,99428],{"class":73}," {[",[59,99430,187],{"class":178},[59,99432,87],{"class":73},[59,99434,3009],{"class":178},[59,99436,87],{"class":73},[59,99438,2469],{"class":178},[59,99440,13705],{"class":73},[20,99442,99443],{},"This raises an error:",[50,99445,99446],{"className":52,"code":96957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,99447,99448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99449,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99451,3021],{"class":697},[59,99453,1002],{"class":73},[59,99455,96968],{"class":65},[59,99457,3239],{"class":697},[59,99459,1002],{"class":73},[59,99461,1734],{"class":77},[59,99463,1651],{"class":81},[59,99465,29688],{"class":77},[20,99467,51884],{},[50,99469,99471],{"className":52,"code":99470,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99472,99473],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99474,99475,99477,99479,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99476,99423],{"class":65},[59,99478,70],{"class":69},[59,99480,99481],{"class":73}," {{",[59,99483,78],{"class":77},[59,99485,7676],{"class":81},[59,99487,78],{"class":77},[59,99489,1002],{"class":73},[59,99491,90],{"class":77},[59,99493,7685],{"class":81},[59,99495,78],{"class":77},[59,99497,99498],{"class":73},"}}\n",[20,99500,99501],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[45,99503,99505],{"id":99504},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1127,99507,99509],{"id":99508},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[50,99511,99513],{"className":52,"code":99512,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99514,99515,99539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99516,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99518,664],{"class":65},[59,99520,70],{"class":69},[59,99522,10491],{"class":73},[59,99524,187],{"class":178},[59,99526,87],{"class":73},[59,99528,3009],{"class":178},[59,99530,87],{"class":73},[59,99532,2469],{"class":178},[59,99534,87],{"class":73},[59,99536,2475],{"class":178},[59,99538,9309],{"class":73},[59,99540,99541,99543,99545,99547],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99542,715],{"class":135},[59,99544,139],{"class":73},[59,99546,707],{"class":142},[59,99548,165],{"class":73},[1127,99550,99552],{"id":99551},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[50,99554,99556],{"className":52,"code":99555,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99557,99558,99586,99601,99605],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99559,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99561,1251],{"class":65},[59,99563,70],{"class":69},[59,99565,74],{"class":73},[59,99567,187],{"class":178},[59,99569,87],{"class":73},[59,99571,5506],{"class":178},[59,99573,87],{"class":73},[59,99575,3009],{"class":178},[59,99577,87],{"class":73},[59,99579,2469],{"class":178},[59,99581,87],{"class":73},[59,99583,2469],{"class":178},[59,99585,107],{"class":73},[59,99587,99588,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99589,99590],{"class":65},"unique_items ",[59,99592,70],{"class":69},[59,99594,15634],{"class":697},[59,99596,139],{"class":73},[59,99598,1297],{"class":142},[59,99600,165],{"class":73},[59,99602,99603],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,99604,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,99606,99607,99609,99611,99614],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,99608,715],{"class":135},[59,99610,139],{"class":73},[59,99612,99613],{"class":142},"unique_items",[59,99615,165],{"class":73},[1127,99617,98963],{"id":99618},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[50,99620,99622],{"className":52,"code":99621,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99623,99624,99642],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99625,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99627,425],{"class":65},[59,99629,70],{"class":69},[59,99631,15634],{"class":697},[59,99633,139],{"class":73},[59,99635,78],{"class":77},[59,99637,597],{"class":81},[59,99639,78],{"class":77},[59,99641,165],{"class":73},[59,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99645,715],{"class":135},[59,99647,139],{"class":73},[59,99649,480],{"class":142},[59,99651,165],{"class":73},[1127,99653,99655],{"id":99654},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[50,99657,99659],{"className":52,"code":99658,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99660,99661,99671],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99662,99663,99665,99667,99669],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99664,98101],{"class":65},[59,99666,70],{"class":69},[59,99668,15634],{"class":697},[59,99670,8647],{"class":73},[59,99672,99673,99675,99677,99679],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99674,715],{"class":135},[59,99676,139],{"class":73},[59,99678,98120],{"class":142},[59,99680,165],{"class":73},[45,99682,1579],{"id":1578},[20,99684,99685],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1127,99687,1599,99689,99691],{"id":99688},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99690,3806],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99693,99694],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[50,99696,99698],{"className":52,"code":99697,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99699,99700,99708],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99701,99702,99704,99706],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99703,2464],{"class":65},[59,99705,70],{"class":69},[59,99707,9838],{"class":73},[59,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99711,715],{"class":135},[59,99713,139],{"class":73},[59,99715,3239],{"class":697},[59,99717,139],{"class":73},[59,99719,1217],{"class":142},[59,99721,710],{"class":73},[20,99723,99724],{},"This prints:",[50,99726,99727],{"className":52,"code":8812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,99728,99729],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99732,1769],{"class":69},[59,99734,3310],{"class":887},[59,99736,1734],{"class":77},[59,99738,8825],{"class":81},[59,99740,1725],{"class":77},[59,99742,1788],{"class":69},[20,99744,201,99745,6638],{},[15,99746,3811],{},[1127,99748,99750],{"id":99749},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99752,99753],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[50,99755,99757],{"className":52,"code":99756,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99758,99759,99787],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99760,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99762,664],{"class":65},[59,99764,70],{"class":69},[59,99766,10491],{"class":73},[59,99768,187],{"class":178},[59,99770,87],{"class":73},[59,99772,5506],{"class":178},[59,99774,87],{"class":73},[59,99776,3009],{"class":178},[59,99778,87],{"class":73},[59,99780,3009],{"class":178},[59,99782,87],{"class":73},[59,99784,2469],{"class":178},[59,99786,9309],{"class":73},[59,99788,99789,99791,99793,99795],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99790,715],{"class":135},[59,99792,139],{"class":73},[59,99794,707],{"class":142},[59,99796,165],{"class":73},[20,99798,99799],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1127,99801,99803],{"id":99802},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99805,99806],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99808,99809],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[50,99811,99813],{"className":52,"code":99812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99814,99815,99835],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99816,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99818,664],{"class":65},[59,99820,70],{"class":69},[59,99822,10491],{"class":73},[59,99824,671],{"class":178},[59,99826,87],{"class":73},[59,99828,676],{"class":178},[59,99830,87],{"class":73},[59,99832,681],{"class":178},[59,99834,9309],{"class":73},[59,99836,99837],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99838,99839],{"class":3678},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99841,99842],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1127,99844,99846],{"id":99845},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99848,99849],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[50,99851,99853],{"className":52,"code":99852,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99854,99855,99860],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99856,99857],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99858,99859],{"class":3678},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[59,99861,99862],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99863,99864],{"class":3678},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99866,99867,99868,358],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99869,3021],{},[1127,99871,99873],{"id":99872},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99875,99876],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[50,99878,99880],{"className":52,"code":99879,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99881,99882,99902,99934,99938,99952],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99883,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99885,15629],{"class":65},[59,99887,70],{"class":69},[59,99889,10491],{"class":73},[59,99891,187],{"class":178},[59,99893,87],{"class":73},[59,99895,3009],{"class":178},[59,99897,87],{"class":73},[59,99899,2469],{"class":178},[59,99901,9309],{"class":73},[59,99903,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930,99932],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,99905,11727],{"class":65},[59,99907,70],{"class":69},[59,99909,10491],{"class":73},[59,99911,78],{"class":77},[59,99913,354],{"class":81},[59,99915,78],{"class":77},[59,99917,1002],{"class":73},[59,99919,5506],{"class":178},[59,99921,87],{"class":73},[59,99923,90],{"class":77},[59,99925,442],{"class":81},[59,99927,78],{"class":77},[59,99929,1002],{"class":73},[59,99931,3009],{"class":178},[59,99933,9309],{"class":73},[59,99935,99936],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,99937,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,99939,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,99941,715],{"class":135},[59,99943,139],{"class":73},[59,99945,3239],{"class":697},[59,99947,139],{"class":73},[59,99949,15667],{"class":142},[59,99951,710],{"class":73},[59,99953,99954,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,99955,715],{"class":135},[59,99957,139],{"class":73},[59,99959,3239],{"class":697},[59,99961,139],{"class":73},[59,99963,11452],{"class":142},[59,99965,710],{"class":73},[45,99967,92594],{"id":92593},[20,99969,99970],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[50,99972,99974],{"className":52,"code":99973,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99975,99976,100002,100006,100020,100030,100044,100051],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,99977,99978,99980,99982,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,99979,15629],{"class":65},[59,99981,70],{"class":69},[59,99983,15634],{"class":697},[59,99985,1629],{"class":73},[59,99987,187],{"class":178},[59,99989,87],{"class":73},[59,99991,3009],{"class":178},[59,99993,87],{"class":73},[59,99995,3009],{"class":178},[59,99997,87],{"class":73},[59,99999,2469],{"class":178},[59,100001,3902],{"class":73},[59,100003,100004],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100005,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100007,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100009,715],{"class":135},[59,100011,139],{"class":73},[59,100013,3239],{"class":697},[59,100015,139],{"class":73},[59,100017,15667],{"class":142},[59,100019,710],{"class":73},[59,100021,100022,100024,100026,100028],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,100023,715],{"class":135},[59,100025,139],{"class":73},[59,100027,15667],{"class":142},[59,100029,165],{"class":73},[59,100031,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,100033,715],{"class":135},[59,100035,139],{"class":73},[59,100037,11163],{"class":135},[59,100039,139],{"class":73},[59,100041,15667],{"class":142},[59,100043,710],{"class":73},[59,100045,100046,100048],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,100047,715],{"class":135},[59,100049,100050],{"class":73},"({})\n",[59,100052,100053,100055,100057,100059],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,100054,715],{"class":135},[59,100056,139],{"class":73},[59,100058,6293],{"class":697},[59,100060,7201],{"class":73},[20,100062,100063],{},"Use these to confirm:",[29,100065,100066,100069,100072,100075],{},[32,100067,100068],{},"The object type",[32,100070,100071],{},"The actual values stored",[32,100073,100074],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[32,100076,100077,100078,4408,100080],{},"The difference between ",[15,100079,3806],{},[15,100081,3811],{},[45,100083,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,100085,100087],{"id":100086},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100089,100090,100091,100094,100095,100097],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100092,100093],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100096,3811],{}," with another iterable.",[1127,100099,100101],{"id":100100},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100103,201,100104,100106,100107,100109],{},[15,100105,3811],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100108,3806],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1127,100111,100113],{"id":100112},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100115,100116],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1127,100118,100120],{"id":100119},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100122,100123],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1127,100125,100127],{"id":100126},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100129,100130],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[45,100132,1927],{"id":1926},[29,100134,100135,100139,100145,100151,100156],{},[32,100136,100137],{},[354,100138,96139],{"href":97310},[32,100140,100141],{},[354,100142,13,100143,10742],{"href":98311},[15,100144,96019],{},[32,100146,100147],{},[354,100148,13,100149,10742],{"href":98330},[15,100150,97125],{},[32,100152,100153],{},[354,100154,100155],{"href":98888},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[32,100157,100158],{},[354,100159,100160],{"href":98602},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100162,100163],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1953,100165,100166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":100168},[100169,100170,100171,100172,100175,100181,100185,100186,100187,100193,100201,100202,100209],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":98574,"depth":110,"text":98575},{"id":98606,"depth":110,"text":98607,"children":100173},[100174],{"id":98675,"depth":117,"text":98676},{"id":98779,"depth":110,"text":100176,"children":100177},"Create a set with set()",[100178,100179,100180],{"id":98804,"depth":117,"text":98805},{"id":98892,"depth":117,"text":98893},{"id":98962,"depth":117,"text":98963},{"id":99047,"depth":110,"text":99048,"children":100182},[100183],{"id":99124,"depth":117,"text":100184},"Do not use {}",{"id":72076,"depth":110,"text":72077},{"id":99332,"depth":110,"text":99333},{"id":99504,"depth":110,"text":99505,"children":100188},[100189,100190,100191,100192],{"id":99508,"depth":117,"text":99509},{"id":99551,"depth":117,"text":99552},{"id":99618,"depth":117,"text":98963},{"id":99654,"depth":117,"text":99655},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":100194},[100195,100197,100198,100199,100200],{"id":99688,"depth":117,"text":100196},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99749,"depth":117,"text":99750},{"id":99802,"depth":117,"text":99803},{"id":99845,"depth":117,"text":99846},{"id":99872,"depth":117,"text":99873},{"id":92593,"depth":110,"text":92594},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":100203},[100204,100205,100206,100207,100208],{"id":100086,"depth":117,"text":100087},{"id":100100,"depth":117,"text":100101},{"id":100112,"depth":117,"text":100113},{"id":100119,"depth":117,"text":100120},{"id":100126,"depth":117,"text":100127},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98377,"description":100210},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100216,"title":100217,"body":100218,"description":102649,"extension":1988,"meta":102650,"navigation":113,"path":102651,"seo":102652,"stem":102653,"__hash__":102654},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100219,"toc":102614},[100220,100226,100232,100235,100237,100314,100316,100333,100343,100345,100350,100358,100360,100376,100380,100382,100384,100387,100408,100411,100435,100441,100443,100540,100542,100559,100569,100571,100573,100581,100583,100594,100596,100687,100689,100713,100724,100726,100728,100731,100861,100863,100936,100938,100959,100962,100964,100970,100975,100978,101105,101107,101124,101127,101129,101137,101140,101144,101152,101243,101245,101282,101287,101294,101371,101373,101389,101394,101399,101401,101410,101418,101499,101501,101530,101533,101537,101548,101551,101634,101636,101657,101663,101665,101667,101671,101675,101682,101747,101749,101769,101772,101841,101843,101859,101863,101869,101881,101889,101891,101976,101978,102007,102010,102014,102019,102021,102071,102074,102155,102157,102173,102177,102180,102255,102258,102262,102265,102342,102344,102377,102383,102387,102390,102525,102527,102541,102543,102545,102551,102554,102561,102569,102575,102578,102582,102585,102587,102589,102611],[10,100221,96011,100223,11324],{"id":100222},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100224,100225],{},"difference()",[20,100227,100228,100231],{},[15,100229,100230],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100233,100234],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[45,100236,3624],{"id":3623},[50,100238,100240],{"className":52,"code":100239,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100241,100242,100266,100286,100304],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100243,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262,100264],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100245,2572],{"class":65},[59,100247,70],{"class":69},[59,100249,10491],{"class":73},[59,100251,187],{"class":178},[59,100253,87],{"class":73},[59,100255,3009],{"class":178},[59,100257,87],{"class":73},[59,100259,2469],{"class":178},[59,100261,87],{"class":73},[59,100263,2475],{"class":178},[59,100265,9309],{"class":73},[59,100267,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100269,2600],{"class":65},[59,100271,70],{"class":69},[59,100273,10491],{"class":73},[59,100275,950],{"class":178},[59,100277,87],{"class":73},[59,100279,2475],{"class":178},[59,100281,87],{"class":73},[59,100283,4621],{"class":178},[59,100285,9309],{"class":73},[59,100287,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100289,692],{"class":65},[59,100291,70],{"class":69},[59,100293,56693],{"class":65},[59,100295,358],{"class":73},[59,100297,2830],{"class":142},[59,100299,139],{"class":73},[59,100301,442],{"class":142},[59,100303,165],{"class":73},[59,100305,100306,100308,100310,100312],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,100307,715],{"class":135},[59,100309,139],{"class":73},[59,100311,720],{"class":142},[59,100313,165],{"class":73},[20,100315,168],{},[50,100317,100319],{"className":52,"code":100318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100320,100321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100322,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100324,893],{"class":73},[59,100326,187],{"class":178},[59,100328,87],{"class":73},[59,100330,3009],{"class":178},[59,100332,9309],{"class":73},[20,100334,100335,100337,100338,100340,100341,358],{},[15,100336,100225],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100339,354],{}," that are not in ",[15,100342,442],{},[44718,100344],{},[45,100346,208,100348,211],{"id":100347},"what-difference-does",[15,100349,100225],{},[20,100351,2005,100352,100354,100355,100357],{},[15,100353,100225],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[549,100356,4647],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100359,13054],{},[29,100361,100362,100367,100370,100373],{},[32,100363,100364,100366],{},[15,100365,100225],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[32,100368,100369],{},"It creates a new set",[32,100371,100372],{},"It does not change the original set",[32,100374,100375],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100377,96135,100378,358],{},[354,100379,96139],{"href":97310},[44718,100381],{},[45,100383,362],{"id":361},[20,100385,100386],{},"Use this form:",[50,100388,100390],{"className":52,"code":100389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100391,100392],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100393,100394,100397,100399,100401,100403,100406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100395,100396],{"class":65},"set1",[59,100398,358],{"class":73},[59,100400,2830],{"class":142},[59,100402,139],{"class":73},[59,100404,100405],{"class":142},"set2",[59,100407,165],{"class":73},[20,100409,100410],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[50,100412,100414],{"className":52,"code":100413,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100415,100416],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100417,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100433],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100419,100396],{"class":65},[59,100421,358],{"class":73},[59,100423,2830],{"class":142},[59,100425,139],{"class":73},[59,100427,100405],{"class":142},[59,100429,87],{"class":73},[59,100431,100432],{"class":142}," set3",[59,100434,165],{"class":73},[20,100436,100437,100438,100440],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[549,100439,5361],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100442,239],{},[50,100444,100446],{"className":52,"code":100445,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100447,100448,100476,100492,100504,100508,100530],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100449,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100451,2572],{"class":65},[59,100453,70],{"class":69},[59,100455,10491],{"class":73},[59,100457,187],{"class":178},[59,100459,87],{"class":73},[59,100461,3009],{"class":178},[59,100463,87],{"class":73},[59,100465,2469],{"class":178},[59,100467,87],{"class":73},[59,100469,2475],{"class":178},[59,100471,87],{"class":73},[59,100473,4621],{"class":178},[59,100475,9309],{"class":73},[59,100477,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100479,2600],{"class":65},[59,100481,70],{"class":69},[59,100483,10491],{"class":73},[59,100485,195],{"class":178},[59,100487,87],{"class":73},[59,100489,2469],{"class":178},[59,100491,9309],{"class":73},[59,100493,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100495,82994],{"class":65},[59,100497,70],{"class":69},[59,100499,10491],{"class":73},[59,100501,2159],{"class":178},[59,100503,9309],{"class":73},[59,100505,100506],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,100507,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100509,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,100511,692],{"class":65},[59,100513,70],{"class":69},[59,100515,56693],{"class":65},[59,100517,358],{"class":73},[59,100519,2830],{"class":142},[59,100521,139],{"class":73},[59,100523,442],{"class":142},[59,100525,87],{"class":73},[59,100527,9682],{"class":142},[59,100529,165],{"class":73},[59,100531,100532,100534,100536,100538],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,100533,715],{"class":135},[59,100535,139],{"class":73},[59,100537,720],{"class":142},[59,100539,165],{"class":73},[20,100541,168],{},[50,100543,100545],{"className":52,"code":100544,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100546,100547],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100548,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100550,893],{"class":73},[59,100552,187],{"class":178},[59,100554,87],{"class":73},[59,100556,2475],{"class":178},[59,100558,9309],{"class":73},[20,100560,100561,100562,100564,100565,2896,100567,358],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100563,354],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100566,442],{},[15,100568,451],{},[44718,100570],{},[45,100572,17419],{"id":17418},[20,100574,100575,100577,100578,358],{},[15,100576,100225],{}," always returns a ",[549,100579,100580],{},"new set",[20,100582,43451],{},[29,100584,100585,100588,100591],{},[32,100586,100587],{},"The return value is a new set",[32,100589,100590],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[32,100592,100593],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100595,239],{},[50,100597,100599],{"className":52,"code":100598,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100600,100601,100617,100637,100641,100659,100663,100673],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100602,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100604,2572],{"class":65},[59,100606,70],{"class":69},[59,100608,10491],{"class":73},[59,100610,187],{"class":178},[59,100612,87],{"class":73},[59,100614,3009],{"class":178},[59,100616,9309],{"class":73},[59,100618,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100620,2600],{"class":65},[59,100622,70],{"class":69},[59,100624,10491],{"class":73},[59,100626,187],{"class":178},[59,100628,87],{"class":73},[59,100630,3009],{"class":178},[59,100632,87],{"class":73},[59,100634,2469],{"class":178},[59,100636,9309],{"class":73},[59,100638,100639],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100640,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100642,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,100644,692],{"class":65},[59,100646,70],{"class":69},[59,100648,56693],{"class":65},[59,100650,358],{"class":73},[59,100652,2830],{"class":142},[59,100654,139],{"class":73},[59,100656,442],{"class":142},[59,100658,165],{"class":73},[59,100660,100661],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,100662,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100664,100665,100667,100669,100671],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,100666,715],{"class":135},[59,100668,139],{"class":73},[59,100670,720],{"class":142},[59,100672,165],{"class":73},[59,100674,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,100676,715],{"class":135},[59,100678,139],{"class":73},[59,100680,3239],{"class":697},[59,100682,139],{"class":73},[59,100684,720],{"class":142},[59,100686,710],{"class":73},[20,100688,168],{},[50,100690,100691],{"className":52,"code":99099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,100692,100693,100699],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100694,100695,100697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100696,6293],{"class":697},[59,100698,8647],{"class":73},[59,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100702,1769],{"class":69},[59,100704,3310],{"class":887},[59,100706,1734],{"class":77},[59,100708,6293],{"class":81},[59,100710,1725],{"class":77},[59,100712,1788],{"class":69},[20,100714,100715,100716,18962,100718,100720,100721,100723],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100717,3811],{},[15,100719,3806],{},". In Python, ",[15,100722,3806],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44718,100725],{},[45,100727,11478],{"id":11477},[20,100729,100730],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[50,100732,100734],{"className":52,"code":100733,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100735,100736,100769,100802,100806,100826,100830,100840,100851],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100737,100738,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100739,100740],{"class":65},"fruits_a ",[59,100742,70],{"class":69},[59,100744,10491],{"class":73},[59,100746,78],{"class":77},[59,100748,588],{"class":81},[59,100750,78],{"class":77},[59,100752,87],{"class":73},[59,100754,90],{"class":77},[59,100756,597],{"class":81},[59,100758,78],{"class":77},[59,100760,87],{"class":73},[59,100762,90],{"class":77},[59,100764,606],{"class":81},[59,100766,78],{"class":77},[59,100768,9309],{"class":73},[59,100770,100771,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100772,100773],{"class":65},"fruits_b ",[59,100775,70],{"class":69},[59,100777,10491],{"class":73},[59,100779,78],{"class":77},[59,100781,597],{"class":81},[59,100783,78],{"class":77},[59,100785,87],{"class":73},[59,100787,90],{"class":77},[59,100789,606],{"class":81},[59,100791,78],{"class":77},[59,100793,87],{"class":73},[59,100795,90],{"class":77},[59,100797,22528],{"class":81},[59,100799,78],{"class":77},[59,100801,9309],{"class":73},[59,100803,100804],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100805,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100807,100808,100810,100812,100815,100817,100819,100821,100824],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,100809,692],{"class":65},[59,100811,70],{"class":69},[59,100813,100814],{"class":65}," fruits_a",[59,100816,358],{"class":73},[59,100818,2830],{"class":142},[59,100820,139],{"class":73},[59,100822,100823],{"class":142},"fruits_b",[59,100825,165],{"class":73},[59,100827,100828],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,100829,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,100831,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,100833,715],{"class":135},[59,100835,139],{"class":73},[59,100837,720],{"class":142},[59,100839,165],{"class":73},[59,100841,100842,100844,100846,100849],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,100843,715],{"class":135},[59,100845,139],{"class":73},[59,100847,100848],{"class":142},"fruits_a",[59,100850,165],{"class":73},[59,100852,100853,100855,100857,100859],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,100854,715],{"class":135},[59,100856,139],{"class":73},[59,100858,100823],{"class":142},[59,100860,165],{"class":73},[20,100862,30017],{},[50,100864,100866],{"className":52,"code":100865,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100867,100868,100880,100908],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100869,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100871,893],{"class":73},[59,100873,1725],{"class":77},[59,100875,588],{"class":81},[59,100877,1725],{"class":77},[59,100879,9309],{"class":73},[59,100881,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,100883,893],{"class":73},[59,100885,1725],{"class":77},[59,100887,597],{"class":81},[59,100889,1725],{"class":77},[59,100891,87],{"class":73},[59,100893,1734],{"class":77},[59,100895,606],{"class":81},[59,100897,1725],{"class":77},[59,100899,87],{"class":73},[59,100901,1734],{"class":77},[59,100903,588],{"class":81},[59,100905,1725],{"class":77},[59,100907,9309],{"class":73},[59,100909,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,100911,893],{"class":73},[59,100913,1725],{"class":77},[59,100915,597],{"class":81},[59,100917,1725],{"class":77},[59,100919,87],{"class":73},[59,100921,1734],{"class":77},[59,100923,606],{"class":81},[59,100925,1725],{"class":77},[59,100927,87],{"class":73},[59,100929,1734],{"class":77},[59,100931,22528],{"class":81},[59,100933,1725],{"class":77},[59,100935,9309],{"class":73},[20,100937,11687],{},[29,100939,100940,100945,100950,100956],{},[32,100941,100942,100943],{},"Start with ",[15,100944,100848],{},[32,100946,100947,100948],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100949,100823],{},[32,100951,100952,100953,100955],{},"Only ",[15,100954,57639],{}," remains",[32,100957,100958],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100960,100961],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44718,100963],{},[45,100965,1599,100967,100969],{"id":100966},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100968,100225],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100971,100972,100973,358],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100974,100225],{},[20,100976,100977],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[50,100979,100981],{"className":52,"code":100980,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100982,100983,101015,101032,101045,101062,101066,101095],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,100984,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,100986,664],{"class":65},[59,100988,70],{"class":69},[59,100990,10491],{"class":73},[59,100992,187],{"class":178},[59,100994,87],{"class":73},[59,100996,3009],{"class":178},[59,100998,87],{"class":73},[59,101000,2469],{"class":178},[59,101002,87],{"class":73},[59,101004,2475],{"class":178},[59,101006,87],{"class":73},[59,101008,4621],{"class":178},[59,101010,87],{"class":73},[59,101012,37441],{"class":178},[59,101014,9309],{"class":73},[59,101016,101017,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101018,101019],{"class":65},"group_a ",[59,101021,70],{"class":69},[59,101023,10491],{"class":73},[59,101025,195],{"class":178},[59,101027,87],{"class":73},[59,101029,2475],{"class":178},[59,101031,9309],{"class":73},[59,101033,101034,101037,101039,101041,101043],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101035,101036],{"class":65},"group_b ",[59,101038,70],{"class":69},[59,101040,10491],{"class":73},[59,101042,2159],{"class":178},[59,101044,9309],{"class":73},[59,101046,101047,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101048,101049],{"class":65},"group_c ",[59,101051,70],{"class":69},[59,101053,10491],{"class":73},[59,101055,80402],{"class":178},[59,101057,87],{"class":73},[59,101059,6000],{"class":178},[59,101061,9309],{"class":73},[59,101063,101064],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101065,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101067,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101083,101085,101088,101090,101093],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,101069,692],{"class":65},[59,101071,70],{"class":69},[59,101073,4277],{"class":65},[59,101075,358],{"class":73},[59,101077,2830],{"class":142},[59,101079,139],{"class":73},[59,101081,101082],{"class":142},"group_a",[59,101084,87],{"class":73},[59,101086,101087],{"class":142}," group_b",[59,101089,87],{"class":73},[59,101091,101092],{"class":142}," group_c",[59,101094,165],{"class":73},[59,101096,101097,101099,101101,101103],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,101098,715],{"class":135},[59,101100,139],{"class":73},[59,101102,720],{"class":142},[59,101104,165],{"class":73},[20,101106,168],{},[50,101108,101110],{"className":52,"code":101109,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101111,101112],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101113,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101115,893],{"class":73},[59,101117,187],{"class":178},[59,101119,87],{"class":73},[59,101121,2469],{"class":178},[59,101123,9309],{"class":73},[20,101125,101126],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44718,101128],{},[45,101130,101132,10586,101134],{"id":101131},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101133,100225],{},[15,101135,101136],{},"difference_update()",[20,101138,101139],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1127,101141,101142],{"id":2830},[15,101143,100225],{},[29,101145,101146,101149],{},[32,101147,101148],{},"Returns a new set",[32,101150,101151],{},"Does not change the original set",[50,101153,101155],{"className":52,"code":101154,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101156,101157,101181,101197,101201,101219,101223,101233],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101160,2572],{"class":65},[59,101162,70],{"class":69},[59,101164,10491],{"class":73},[59,101166,187],{"class":178},[59,101168,87],{"class":73},[59,101170,3009],{"class":178},[59,101172,87],{"class":73},[59,101174,2469],{"class":178},[59,101176,87],{"class":73},[59,101178,2475],{"class":178},[59,101180,9309],{"class":73},[59,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101184,2600],{"class":65},[59,101186,70],{"class":69},[59,101188,10491],{"class":73},[59,101190,950],{"class":178},[59,101192,87],{"class":73},[59,101194,2475],{"class":178},[59,101196,9309],{"class":73},[59,101198,101199],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101200,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101202,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101204,692],{"class":65},[59,101206,70],{"class":69},[59,101208,56693],{"class":65},[59,101210,358],{"class":73},[59,101212,2830],{"class":142},[59,101214,139],{"class":73},[59,101216,442],{"class":142},[59,101218,165],{"class":73},[59,101220,101221],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101222,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101224,101225,101227,101229,101231],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,101226,715],{"class":135},[59,101228,139],{"class":73},[59,101230,720],{"class":142},[59,101232,165],{"class":73},[59,101234,101235,101237,101239,101241],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,101236,715],{"class":135},[59,101238,139],{"class":73},[59,101240,354],{"class":142},[59,101242,165],{"class":73},[20,101244,168],{},[50,101246,101248],{"className":52,"code":101247,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101249,101250,101262],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101251,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101253,893],{"class":73},[59,101255,187],{"class":178},[59,101257,87],{"class":73},[59,101259,3009],{"class":178},[59,101261,9309],{"class":73},[59,101263,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101265,893],{"class":73},[59,101267,187],{"class":178},[59,101269,87],{"class":73},[59,101271,3009],{"class":178},[59,101273,87],{"class":73},[59,101275,2469],{"class":178},[59,101277,87],{"class":73},[59,101279,2475],{"class":178},[59,101281,9309],{"class":73},[1127,101283,101285],{"id":101284},"difference_update",[15,101286,101136],{},[29,101288,101289,101292],{},[32,101290,101291],{},"Changes the original set",[32,101293,96129],{},[50,101295,101297],{"className":52,"code":101296,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101298,101299,101323,101339,101343,101357,101361],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101300,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101302,2572],{"class":65},[59,101304,70],{"class":69},[59,101306,10491],{"class":73},[59,101308,187],{"class":178},[59,101310,87],{"class":73},[59,101312,3009],{"class":178},[59,101314,87],{"class":73},[59,101316,2469],{"class":178},[59,101318,87],{"class":73},[59,101320,2475],{"class":178},[59,101322,9309],{"class":73},[59,101324,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101326,2600],{"class":65},[59,101328,70],{"class":69},[59,101330,10491],{"class":73},[59,101332,950],{"class":178},[59,101334,87],{"class":73},[59,101336,2475],{"class":178},[59,101338,9309],{"class":73},[59,101340,101341],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101342,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101344,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101346,354],{"class":65},[59,101348,358],{"class":73},[59,101350,101284],{"class":142},[59,101352,139],{"class":73},[59,101354,442],{"class":142},[59,101356,165],{"class":73},[59,101358,101359],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101360,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101362,101363,101365,101367,101369],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,101364,715],{"class":135},[59,101366,139],{"class":73},[59,101368,354],{"class":142},[59,101370,165],{"class":73},[20,101372,168],{},[50,101374,101375],{"className":52,"code":100318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,101376,101377],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101380,893],{"class":73},[59,101382,187],{"class":178},[59,101384,87],{"class":73},[59,101386,3009],{"class":178},[59,101388,9309],{"class":73},[20,101390,201,101391,101393],{},[15,101392,100225],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101395,101396,101397,33588],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101398,101136],{},[44718,101400],{},[45,101402,101404,101406,101407,101409],{"id":101403},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101405,100225],{}," vs the ",[15,101408,2047],{}," operator",[20,101411,2005,101412,101414,101415,101417],{},[15,101413,2047],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101416,100225],{}," for two sets.",[50,101419,101421],{"className":52,"code":101420,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101422,101423,101447,101463,101467,101485],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101426,2572],{"class":65},[59,101428,70],{"class":69},[59,101430,10491],{"class":73},[59,101432,187],{"class":178},[59,101434,87],{"class":73},[59,101436,3009],{"class":178},[59,101438,87],{"class":73},[59,101440,2469],{"class":178},[59,101442,87],{"class":73},[59,101444,2475],{"class":178},[59,101446,9309],{"class":73},[59,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101450,2600],{"class":65},[59,101452,70],{"class":69},[59,101454,10491],{"class":73},[59,101456,950],{"class":178},[59,101458,87],{"class":73},[59,101460,2475],{"class":178},[59,101462,9309],{"class":73},[59,101464,101465],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101466,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101468,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101470,715],{"class":135},[59,101472,139],{"class":73},[59,101474,354],{"class":142},[59,101476,358],{"class":73},[59,101478,2830],{"class":142},[59,101480,139],{"class":73},[59,101482,442],{"class":142},[59,101484,710],{"class":73},[59,101486,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101488,715],{"class":135},[59,101490,139],{"class":73},[59,101492,2572],{"class":142},[59,101494,2047],{"class":69},[59,101496,2577],{"class":142},[59,101498,165],{"class":73},[20,101500,168],{},[50,101502,101504],{"className":52,"code":101503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101505,101506,101518],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101507,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101509,893],{"class":73},[59,101511,187],{"class":178},[59,101513,87],{"class":73},[59,101515,3009],{"class":178},[59,101517,9309],{"class":73},[59,101519,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101521,893],{"class":73},[59,101523,187],{"class":178},[59,101525,87],{"class":73},[59,101527,3009],{"class":178},[59,101529,9309],{"class":73},[20,101531,101532],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101534,94399,101535,1905],{},[15,101536,100225],{},[29,101538,101539,101542,101545],{},[32,101540,101541],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[32,101543,101544],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[32,101546,101547],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101549,101550],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[50,101552,101554],{"className":52,"code":101553,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101555,101556,101584,101596,101608,101612],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101559,2572],{"class":65},[59,101561,70],{"class":69},[59,101563,10491],{"class":73},[59,101565,187],{"class":178},[59,101567,87],{"class":73},[59,101569,3009],{"class":178},[59,101571,87],{"class":73},[59,101573,2469],{"class":178},[59,101575,87],{"class":73},[59,101577,2475],{"class":178},[59,101579,87],{"class":73},[59,101581,4621],{"class":178},[59,101583,9309],{"class":73},[59,101585,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101587,2600],{"class":65},[59,101589,70],{"class":69},[59,101591,10491],{"class":73},[59,101593,195],{"class":178},[59,101595,9309],{"class":73},[59,101597,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101599,82994],{"class":65},[59,101601,70],{"class":69},[59,101603,10491],{"class":73},[59,101605,2522],{"class":178},[59,101607,9309],{"class":73},[59,101609,101610],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101611,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101615,715],{"class":135},[59,101617,139],{"class":73},[59,101619,354],{"class":142},[59,101621,358],{"class":73},[59,101623,2830],{"class":142},[59,101625,139],{"class":73},[59,101627,442],{"class":142},[59,101629,87],{"class":73},[59,101631,9682],{"class":142},[59,101633,710],{"class":73},[20,101635,168],{},[50,101637,101639],{"className":52,"code":101638,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101640,101641],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101644,893],{"class":73},[59,101646,187],{"class":178},[59,101648,87],{"class":73},[59,101650,2469],{"class":178},[59,101652,87],{"class":73},[59,101654,4621],{"class":178},[59,101656,9309],{"class":73},[20,101658,101659,101660,101662],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101661,2047],{}," operator expression.",[44718,101664],{},[45,101666,4534],{"id":4533},[20,101668,21211,101669,358],{},[15,101670,100225],{},[1127,101672,101674],{"id":101673},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101676,4644,101677,101679,101680,1002],{},[549,101678,4647],{}," change ",[15,101681,354],{},[50,101683,101685],{"className":52,"code":101684,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101686,101687,101707,101719,101723,101737],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101688,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101690,2572],{"class":65},[59,101692,70],{"class":69},[59,101694,10491],{"class":73},[59,101696,187],{"class":178},[59,101698,87],{"class":73},[59,101700,3009],{"class":178},[59,101702,87],{"class":73},[59,101704,2469],{"class":178},[59,101706,9309],{"class":73},[59,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101710,2600],{"class":65},[59,101712,70],{"class":69},[59,101714,10491],{"class":73},[59,101716,950],{"class":178},[59,101718,9309],{"class":73},[59,101720,101721],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101722,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101726,354],{"class":65},[59,101728,358],{"class":73},[59,101730,2830],{"class":142},[59,101732,139],{"class":73},[59,101734,442],{"class":142},[59,101736,165],{"class":73},[59,101738,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101740,715],{"class":135},[59,101742,139],{"class":73},[59,101744,354],{"class":142},[59,101746,165],{"class":73},[20,101748,168],{},[50,101750,101751],{"className":52,"code":96418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,101752,101753],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101754,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101756,893],{"class":73},[59,101758,187],{"class":178},[59,101760,87],{"class":73},[59,101762,3009],{"class":178},[59,101764,87],{"class":73},[59,101766,2469],{"class":178},[59,101768,9309],{"class":73},[20,101770,101771],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[50,101773,101775],{"className":52,"code":101774,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101776,101777,101797,101809,101813,101831],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101780,2572],{"class":65},[59,101782,70],{"class":69},[59,101784,10491],{"class":73},[59,101786,187],{"class":178},[59,101788,87],{"class":73},[59,101790,3009],{"class":178},[59,101792,87],{"class":73},[59,101794,2469],{"class":178},[59,101796,9309],{"class":73},[59,101798,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101800,2600],{"class":65},[59,101802,70],{"class":69},[59,101804,10491],{"class":73},[59,101806,950],{"class":178},[59,101808,9309],{"class":73},[59,101810,101811],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101812,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101814,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101816,2572],{"class":65},[59,101818,70],{"class":69},[59,101820,56693],{"class":65},[59,101822,358],{"class":73},[59,101824,2830],{"class":142},[59,101826,139],{"class":73},[59,101828,442],{"class":142},[59,101830,165],{"class":73},[59,101832,101833,101835,101837,101839],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101834,715],{"class":135},[59,101836,139],{"class":73},[59,101838,354],{"class":142},[59,101840,165],{"class":73},[20,101842,168],{},[50,101844,101845],{"className":52,"code":100318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,101846,101847],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101850,893],{"class":73},[59,101852,187],{"class":178},[59,101854,87],{"class":73},[59,101856,3009],{"class":178},[59,101858,9309],{"class":73},[1127,101860,101862],{"id":101861},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101864,101865,101868],{},[15,101866,101867],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[29,101870,101871,101876],{},[32,101872,101873,101874],{},"keep items from ",[15,101875,354],{},[32,101877,101878,101879],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101880,442],{},[20,101882,40705,101883,101885,101886,101888],{},[549,101884,4647],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101887,442],{},"”.",[20,101890,239],{},[50,101892,101894],{"className":52,"code":101893,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101895,101896,101916,101936,101940,101958],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101897,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101899,2572],{"class":65},[59,101901,70],{"class":69},[59,101903,10491],{"class":73},[59,101905,187],{"class":178},[59,101907,87],{"class":73},[59,101909,3009],{"class":178},[59,101911,87],{"class":73},[59,101913,2469],{"class":178},[59,101915,9309],{"class":73},[59,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101919,2600],{"class":65},[59,101921,70],{"class":69},[59,101923,10491],{"class":73},[59,101925,950],{"class":178},[59,101927,87],{"class":73},[59,101929,2475],{"class":178},[59,101931,87],{"class":73},[59,101933,4621],{"class":178},[59,101935,9309],{"class":73},[59,101937,101938],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,101939,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,101943,715],{"class":135},[59,101945,139],{"class":73},[59,101947,354],{"class":142},[59,101949,358],{"class":73},[59,101951,2830],{"class":142},[59,101953,139],{"class":73},[59,101955,442],{"class":142},[59,101957,710],{"class":73},[59,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,101961,715],{"class":135},[59,101963,139],{"class":73},[59,101965,442],{"class":142},[59,101967,358],{"class":73},[59,101969,2830],{"class":142},[59,101971,139],{"class":73},[59,101973,354],{"class":142},[59,101975,710],{"class":73},[20,101977,168],{},[50,101979,101981],{"className":52,"code":101980,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101982,101983,101995],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,101986,893],{"class":73},[59,101988,187],{"class":178},[59,101990,87],{"class":73},[59,101992,3009],{"class":178},[59,101994,9309],{"class":73},[59,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,101998,893],{"class":73},[59,102000,2522],{"class":178},[59,102002,87],{"class":73},[59,102004,4621],{"class":178},[59,102006,9309],{"class":73},[20,102008,102009],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1127,102011,102013],{"id":102012},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102015,102016,102018],{},[15,102017,100225],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102020,55124],{},[50,102022,102024],{"className":52,"code":102023,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102025,102026,102046,102062,102066],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102029,2572],{"class":65},[59,102031,70],{"class":69},[59,102033,74],{"class":73},[59,102035,187],{"class":178},[59,102037,87],{"class":73},[59,102039,3009],{"class":178},[59,102041,87],{"class":73},[59,102043,2469],{"class":178},[59,102045,107],{"class":73},[59,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102049,2600],{"class":65},[59,102051,70],{"class":69},[59,102053,74],{"class":73},[59,102055,950],{"class":178},[59,102057,87],{"class":73},[59,102059,2475],{"class":178},[59,102061,107],{"class":73},[59,102063,102064],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102065,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102067,102068],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102069,102070],{"class":3678},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102072,102073],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[50,102075,102077],{"className":52,"code":102076,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102078,102079,102099,102115,102119,102145],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102082,2572],{"class":65},[59,102084,70],{"class":69},[59,102086,74],{"class":73},[59,102088,187],{"class":178},[59,102090,87],{"class":73},[59,102092,3009],{"class":178},[59,102094,87],{"class":73},[59,102096,2469],{"class":178},[59,102098,107],{"class":73},[59,102100,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102102,2600],{"class":65},[59,102104,70],{"class":69},[59,102106,74],{"class":73},[59,102108,950],{"class":178},[59,102110,87],{"class":73},[59,102112,2475],{"class":178},[59,102114,107],{"class":73},[59,102116,102117],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102118,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102122,692],{"class":65},[59,102124,70],{"class":69},[59,102126,15634],{"class":697},[59,102128,139],{"class":73},[59,102130,354],{"class":142},[59,102132,8635],{"class":73},[59,102134,2830],{"class":142},[59,102136,139],{"class":73},[59,102138,6293],{"class":697},[59,102140,139],{"class":73},[59,102142,442],{"class":142},[59,102144,710],{"class":73},[59,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,102148,715],{"class":135},[59,102150,139],{"class":73},[59,102152,720],{"class":142},[59,102154,165],{"class":73},[20,102156,168],{},[50,102158,102159],{"className":52,"code":100318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,102160,102161],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102162,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102164,893],{"class":73},[59,102166,187],{"class":178},[59,102168,87],{"class":73},[59,102170,3009],{"class":178},[59,102172,9309],{"class":73},[1127,102174,102176],{"id":102175},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102178,102179],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[50,102181,102183],{"className":52,"code":102182,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102184,102185,102217,102233,102237],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102188,2572],{"class":65},[59,102190,70],{"class":69},[59,102192,10491],{"class":73},[59,102194,78],{"class":77},[59,102196,1439],{"class":81},[59,102198,78],{"class":77},[59,102200,87],{"class":73},[59,102202,90],{"class":77},[59,102204,57933],{"class":81},[59,102206,78],{"class":77},[59,102208,87],{"class":73},[59,102210,90],{"class":77},[59,102212,57950],{"class":81},[59,102214,78],{"class":77},[59,102216,9309],{"class":73},[59,102218,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102220,2600],{"class":65},[59,102222,70],{"class":69},[59,102224,10491],{"class":73},[59,102226,78],{"class":77},[59,102228,57933],{"class":81},[59,102230,78],{"class":77},[59,102232,9309],{"class":73},[59,102234,102235],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102236,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102238,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102240,715],{"class":135},[59,102242,139],{"class":73},[59,102244,354],{"class":142},[59,102246,358],{"class":73},[59,102248,2830],{"class":142},[59,102250,139],{"class":73},[59,102252,442],{"class":142},[59,102254,710],{"class":73},[20,102256,102257],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1127,102259,102261],{"id":102260},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102263,102264],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[50,102266,102268],{"className":52,"code":102267,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102269,102270,102298,102310,102314,102324],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102273,2572],{"class":65},[59,102275,70],{"class":69},[59,102277,10491],{"class":73},[59,102279,187],{"class":178},[59,102281,87],{"class":73},[59,102283,5506],{"class":178},[59,102285,87],{"class":73},[59,102287,3009],{"class":178},[59,102289,87],{"class":73},[59,102291,3009],{"class":178},[59,102293,87],{"class":73},[59,102295,2469],{"class":178},[59,102297,9309],{"class":73},[59,102299,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102301,2600],{"class":65},[59,102303,70],{"class":69},[59,102305,10491],{"class":73},[59,102307,950],{"class":178},[59,102309,9309],{"class":73},[59,102311,102312],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102313,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102315,102316,102318,102320,102322],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102317,715],{"class":135},[59,102319,139],{"class":73},[59,102321,354],{"class":142},[59,102323,165],{"class":73},[59,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,102327,715],{"class":135},[59,102329,139],{"class":73},[59,102331,354],{"class":142},[59,102333,358],{"class":73},[59,102335,2830],{"class":142},[59,102337,139],{"class":73},[59,102339,442],{"class":142},[59,102341,710],{"class":73},[20,102343,168],{},[50,102345,102347],{"className":52,"code":102346,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102348,102349,102365],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102350,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102352,893],{"class":73},[59,102354,187],{"class":178},[59,102356,87],{"class":73},[59,102358,3009],{"class":178},[59,102360,87],{"class":73},[59,102362,2469],{"class":178},[59,102364,9309],{"class":73},[59,102366,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102368,893],{"class":73},[59,102370,187],{"class":178},[59,102372,87],{"class":73},[59,102374,3009],{"class":178},[59,102376,9309],{"class":73},[20,102378,102379,102380,102382],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102381,100225],{}," runs.",[1127,102384,102386],{"id":102385},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102388,102389],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[50,102391,102393],{"className":52,"code":102392,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102394,102395,102419,102439,102443,102453,102463,102481,102503],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102396,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102398,2572],{"class":65},[59,102400,70],{"class":69},[59,102402,10491],{"class":73},[59,102404,187],{"class":178},[59,102406,87],{"class":73},[59,102408,3009],{"class":178},[59,102410,87],{"class":73},[59,102412,2469],{"class":178},[59,102414,87],{"class":73},[59,102416,2475],{"class":178},[59,102418,9309],{"class":73},[59,102420,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102422,2600],{"class":65},[59,102424,70],{"class":69},[59,102426,10491],{"class":73},[59,102428,950],{"class":178},[59,102430,87],{"class":73},[59,102432,2475],{"class":178},[59,102434,87],{"class":73},[59,102436,4621],{"class":178},[59,102438,9309],{"class":73},[59,102440,102441],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102442,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102444,102445,102447,102449,102451],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102446,715],{"class":135},[59,102448,139],{"class":73},[59,102450,354],{"class":142},[59,102452,165],{"class":73},[59,102454,102455,102457,102459,102461],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,102456,715],{"class":135},[59,102458,139],{"class":73},[59,102460,442],{"class":142},[59,102462,165],{"class":73},[59,102464,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,102466,715],{"class":135},[59,102468,139],{"class":73},[59,102470,354],{"class":142},[59,102472,358],{"class":73},[59,102474,2830],{"class":142},[59,102476,139],{"class":73},[59,102478,442],{"class":142},[59,102480,710],{"class":73},[59,102482,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,102484,715],{"class":135},[59,102486,139],{"class":73},[59,102488,3239],{"class":697},[59,102490,139],{"class":73},[59,102492,354],{"class":142},[59,102494,358],{"class":73},[59,102496,2830],{"class":142},[59,102498,139],{"class":73},[59,102500,442],{"class":142},[59,102502,1706],{"class":73},[59,102504,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,102506,715],{"class":135},[59,102508,139],{"class":73},[59,102510,11163],{"class":135},[59,102512,139],{"class":73},[59,102514,354],{"class":142},[59,102516,358],{"class":73},[59,102518,2830],{"class":142},[59,102520,139],{"class":73},[59,102522,442],{"class":142},[59,102524,1706],{"class":73},[20,102526,11172],{},[29,102528,102529,102532,102535,102538],{},[32,102530,102531],{},"what is in each set",[32,102533,102534],{},"what result Python creates",[32,102536,102537],{},"that the result is a set",[32,102539,102540],{},"how many items remain",[44718,102542],{},[45,102544,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,102546,1882,102548,102550],{"id":102547},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102549,100225],{}," change the original set?",[20,102552,102553],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1127,102555,5190,102557,4408,102559,1905],{"id":102556},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102558,100225],{},[15,102560,101136],{},[20,102562,102563,102565,102566,102568],{},[15,102564,100225],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102567,101136],{}," modifies the original set.",[1127,102570,28318,102572,102574],{"id":102571},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102573,100225],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102576,102577],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1127,102579,102581],{"id":102580},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102583,102584],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44718,102586],{},[45,102588,1927],{"id":1926},[29,102590,102591,102595,102603],{},[32,102592,102593],{},[354,102594,96139],{"href":97310},[32,102596,102597],{},[354,102598,96625,102600,10742],{"href":102599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102601,102602],{},"intersection()",[32,102604,102605],{},[354,102606,96625,102608,10742],{"href":102607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102609,102610],{},"union()",[1953,102612,102613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":102615},[102616,102617,102619,102620,102621,102622,102624,102629,102631,102639,102648],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":100347,"depth":110,"text":102618},"What difference() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":100966,"depth":110,"text":102623},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101131,"depth":110,"text":102625,"children":102626},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102627,102628],{"id":2830,"depth":117,"text":100225},{"id":101284,"depth":117,"text":101136},{"id":101403,"depth":110,"text":102630},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":102632},[102633,102634,102635,102636,102637,102638],{"id":101673,"depth":117,"text":101674},{"id":101861,"depth":117,"text":101862},{"id":102012,"depth":117,"text":102013},{"id":102175,"depth":117,"text":102176},{"id":102260,"depth":117,"text":102261},{"id":102385,"depth":117,"text":102386},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":102640},[102641,102643,102645,102647],{"id":102547,"depth":117,"text":102642},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102556,"depth":117,"text":102644},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102571,"depth":117,"text":102646},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102580,"depth":117,"text":102581},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100217,"description":102649},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102656,"title":102657,"body":102658,"description":104353,"extension":1988,"meta":104354,"navigation":113,"path":104355,"seo":104356,"stem":104357,"__hash__":104358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102659,"toc":104315},[102660,102666,102672,102685,102687,102788,102790,102835,102840,102845,102849,102863,102866,102874,102876,102895,102913,102917,102970,102972,102993,103000,103005,103032,103039,103138,103140,103177,103185,103189,103195,103198,103271,103273,103281,103286,103355,103357,103382,103384,103387,103490,103492,103553,103556,103560,103566,103639,103641,103674,103677,103680,103720,103726,103749,103754,103758,103769,103772,103774,103778,103784,103786,103843,103853,103855,103908,103915,103920,103988,103996,104002,104006,104008,104047,104052,104101,104105,104108,104110,104149,104152,104154,104159,104216,104218,104232,104234,104238,104244,104249,104254,104261,104272,104278,104283,104285,104312],[10,102661,96011,102663,11324],{"id":102662},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102664,102665],{},"discard()",[20,102667,102668,102671],{},[15,102669,102670],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102673,102674,102675,1208,102680,14053,102682,102684],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[354,102676,102677],{"href":98020},[15,102678,102679],{},"set.remove()",[15,102681,102665],{},[549,102683,4647],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[45,102686,48],{"id":47},[50,102688,102690],{"className":52,"code":102689,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102691,102692,102724,102743,102753,102757,102778],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102693,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102695,66],{"class":65},[59,102697,70],{"class":69},[59,102699,10491],{"class":73},[59,102701,78],{"class":77},[59,102703,82],{"class":81},[59,102705,78],{"class":77},[59,102707,87],{"class":73},[59,102709,90],{"class":77},[59,102711,102],{"class":81},[59,102713,78],{"class":77},[59,102715,87],{"class":73},[59,102717,90],{"class":77},[59,102719,93],{"class":81},[59,102721,78],{"class":77},[59,102723,9309],{"class":73},[59,102725,102726,102728,102730,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102727,143],{"class":65},[59,102729,358],{"class":73},[59,102731,102732],{"class":142},"discard",[59,102734,139],{"class":73},[59,102736,78],{"class":77},[59,102738,102],{"class":81},[59,102740,78],{"class":77},[59,102742,165],{"class":73},[59,102744,102745,102747,102749,102751],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102746,715],{"class":135},[59,102748,139],{"class":73},[59,102750,143],{"class":142},[59,102752,165],{"class":73},[59,102754,102755],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,102756,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,102758,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773,102775],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,102760,143],{"class":65},[59,102762,358],{"class":73},[59,102764,102732],{"class":142},[59,102766,139],{"class":73},[59,102768,78],{"class":77},[59,102770,22519],{"class":81},[59,102772,78],{"class":77},[59,102774,3675],{"class":73},[59,102776,102777],{"class":3678},"  # no error if missing\n",[59,102779,102780,102782,102784,102786],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,102781,715],{"class":135},[59,102783,139],{"class":73},[59,102785,143],{"class":142},[59,102787,165],{"class":73},[20,102789,30017],{},[50,102791,102793],{"className":52,"code":102792,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102794,102795,102815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102796,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102798,893],{"class":73},[59,102800,1725],{"class":77},[59,102802,82],{"class":81},[59,102804,1725],{"class":77},[59,102806,87],{"class":73},[59,102808,1734],{"class":77},[59,102810,93],{"class":81},[59,102812,1725],{"class":77},[59,102814,9309],{"class":73},[59,102816,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102818,893],{"class":73},[59,102820,1725],{"class":77},[59,102822,82],{"class":81},[59,102824,1725],{"class":77},[59,102826,87],{"class":73},[59,102828,1734],{"class":77},[59,102830,93],{"class":81},[59,102832,1725],{"class":77},[59,102834,9309],{"class":73},[20,102836,201,102837,102839],{},[15,102838,102665],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[45,102841,208,102843,211],{"id":102842},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102844,102670],{},[20,102846,102847,1002],{},[15,102848,102665],{},[29,102850,102851,102854,102857,102859],{},[32,102852,102853],{},"Removes one item from a set",[32,102855,102856],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[32,102858,96126],{},[32,102860,11426,102861],{},[15,102862,3792],{},[20,102864,102865],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102867,96135,102868,2896,102871,358],{},[354,102869,102870],{"href":98602},"what a set is in Python",[354,102872,102873],{"href":97694},"how to create a set",[45,102875,362],{"id":361},[50,102877,102879],{"className":52,"code":102878,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102880,102881],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102882,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102884,15667],{"class":65},[59,102886,358],{"class":73},[59,102888,102732],{"class":142},[59,102890,139],{"class":73},[59,102892,1217],{"class":142},[59,102894,165],{"class":73},[29,102896,102897,102902,102907,102910],{},[32,102898,102899,102901],{},[15,102900,15667],{}," is the set you want to change",[32,102903,102904,102906],{},[15,102905,1217],{}," is the item you want to remove",[32,102908,102909],{},"The set must already exist",[32,102911,102912],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1127,102914,102916],{"id":102915},"example","Example",[50,102918,102920],{"className":52,"code":102919,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102921,102922,102946,102960],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102923,102924,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102925,664],{"class":65},[59,102927,70],{"class":69},[59,102929,10491],{"class":73},[59,102931,187],{"class":178},[59,102933,87],{"class":73},[59,102935,3009],{"class":178},[59,102937,87],{"class":73},[59,102939,2469],{"class":178},[59,102941,87],{"class":73},[59,102943,2475],{"class":178},[59,102945,9309],{"class":73},[59,102947,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,102949,707],{"class":65},[59,102951,358],{"class":73},[59,102953,102732],{"class":142},[59,102955,139],{"class":73},[59,102957,950],{"class":178},[59,102959,165],{"class":73},[59,102961,102962,102964,102966,102968],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,102963,715],{"class":135},[59,102965,139],{"class":73},[59,102967,707],{"class":142},[59,102969,165],{"class":73},[20,102971,168],{},[50,102973,102975],{"className":52,"code":102974,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102976,102977],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,102978,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,102980,893],{"class":73},[59,102982,187],{"class":178},[59,102984,87],{"class":73},[59,102986,3009],{"class":178},[59,102988,87],{"class":73},[59,102990,2475],{"class":178},[59,102992,9309],{"class":73},[45,102994,102996,102997,102999],{"id":102995},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102998,102665],{}," different",[20,103001,103002,103004],{},[15,103003,102665],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[29,103006,103007,103020,103029],{},[32,103008,103009,103010,1208,103014,103016,103017,103019],{},"Unlike ",[354,103011,103012],{"href":98020},[15,103013,55334],{},[15,103015,102665],{}," does not raise ",[15,103018,19686],{}," when the item is missing",[32,103021,103009,103022,1208,103026,103028],{},[354,103023,103024],{"href":98025},[15,103025,12765],{},[15,103027,102665],{}," removes a specific item",[32,103030,103031],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1127,103033,103035,10586,103037],{"id":103034},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103036,102665],{},[15,103038,55334],{},[50,103040,103042],{"className":52,"code":103041,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103043,103044,103068,103072,103093,103103,103107,103128],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103045,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103047,1251],{"class":65},[59,103049,70],{"class":69},[59,103051,10491],{"class":73},[59,103053,78],{"class":77},[59,103055,588],{"class":81},[59,103057,78],{"class":77},[59,103059,87],{"class":73},[59,103061,90],{"class":77},[59,103063,597],{"class":81},[59,103065,78],{"class":77},[59,103067,9309],{"class":73},[59,103069,103070],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103071,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103075,1297],{"class":65},[59,103077,358],{"class":73},[59,103079,102732],{"class":142},[59,103081,139],{"class":73},[59,103083,78],{"class":77},[59,103085,606],{"class":81},[59,103087,78],{"class":77},[59,103089,3675],{"class":73},[59,103091,103092],{"class":3678},"   # no error\n",[59,103094,103095,103097,103099,103101],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103096,715],{"class":135},[59,103098,139],{"class":73},[59,103100,1297],{"class":142},[59,103102,165],{"class":73},[59,103104,103105],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,103106,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103108,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,103110,1297],{"class":65},[59,103112,358],{"class":73},[59,103114,34782],{"class":142},[59,103116,139],{"class":73},[59,103118,78],{"class":77},[59,103120,597],{"class":81},[59,103122,78],{"class":77},[59,103124,3675],{"class":73},[59,103126,103127],{"class":3678},"    # removes existing item\n",[59,103129,103130,103132,103134,103136],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,103131,715],{"class":135},[59,103133,139],{"class":73},[59,103135,1297],{"class":142},[59,103137,165],{"class":73},[20,103139,168],{},[50,103141,103143],{"className":52,"code":103142,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103144,103145,103165],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103148,893],{"class":73},[59,103150,1725],{"class":77},[59,103152,588],{"class":81},[59,103154,1725],{"class":77},[59,103156,87],{"class":73},[59,103158,1734],{"class":77},[59,103160,597],{"class":81},[59,103162,1725],{"class":77},[59,103164,9309],{"class":73},[59,103166,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103168,893],{"class":73},[59,103170,1725],{"class":77},[59,103172,588],{"class":81},[59,103174,1725],{"class":77},[59,103176,9309],{"class":73},[20,103178,40142,103179,103181,103182,103184],{},[15,103180,55334],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[354,103183,11077],{"href":11076}," for more help with that case.",[45,103186,103188],{"id":103187},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103190,103191,2414,103193,358],{},[15,103192,102665],{},[15,103194,3792],{},[20,103196,103197],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[50,103199,103201],{"className":52,"code":103200,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103202,103203,103235,103257,103261],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103204,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103206,66],{"class":65},[59,103208,70],{"class":69},[59,103210,10491],{"class":73},[59,103212,78],{"class":77},[59,103214,82],{"class":81},[59,103216,78],{"class":77},[59,103218,87],{"class":73},[59,103220,90],{"class":77},[59,103222,102],{"class":81},[59,103224,78],{"class":77},[59,103226,87],{"class":73},[59,103228,90],{"class":77},[59,103230,93],{"class":81},[59,103232,78],{"class":77},[59,103234,9309],{"class":73},[59,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103238,692],{"class":65},[59,103240,70],{"class":69},[59,103242,1558],{"class":65},[59,103244,358],{"class":73},[59,103246,102732],{"class":142},[59,103248,139],{"class":73},[59,103250,78],{"class":77},[59,103252,102],{"class":81},[59,103254,78],{"class":77},[59,103256,165],{"class":73},[59,103258,103259],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103260,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103262,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103264,715],{"class":135},[59,103266,139],{"class":73},[59,103268,720],{"class":142},[59,103270,165],{"class":73},[20,103272,168],{},[50,103274,103275],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,103276,103277],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103278,103279],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103280,11810],{"class":3867},[20,103282,103283,103284,1002],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103285,143],{},[50,103287,103289],{"className":52,"code":103288,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103290,103291,103323,103341,103345],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103292,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103294,66],{"class":65},[59,103296,70],{"class":69},[59,103298,10491],{"class":73},[59,103300,78],{"class":77},[59,103302,82],{"class":81},[59,103304,78],{"class":77},[59,103306,87],{"class":73},[59,103308,90],{"class":77},[59,103310,102],{"class":81},[59,103312,78],{"class":77},[59,103314,87],{"class":73},[59,103316,90],{"class":77},[59,103318,93],{"class":81},[59,103320,78],{"class":77},[59,103322,9309],{"class":73},[59,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103326,143],{"class":65},[59,103328,358],{"class":73},[59,103330,102732],{"class":142},[59,103332,139],{"class":73},[59,103334,78],{"class":77},[59,103336,102],{"class":81},[59,103338,78],{"class":77},[59,103340,165],{"class":73},[59,103342,103343],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103344,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103346,103347,103349,103351,103353],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103348,715],{"class":135},[59,103350,139],{"class":73},[59,103352,143],{"class":142},[59,103354,165],{"class":73},[20,103356,168],{},[50,103358,103360],{"className":52,"code":103359,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103361,103362],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103365,893],{"class":73},[59,103367,1725],{"class":77},[59,103369,82],{"class":81},[59,103371,1725],{"class":77},[59,103373,87],{"class":73},[59,103375,1734],{"class":77},[59,103377,93],{"class":81},[59,103379,1725],{"class":77},[59,103381,9309],{"class":73},[45,103383,11478],{"id":11477},[20,103385,103386],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[50,103388,103390],{"className":52,"code":103389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103391,103392,103424,103428,103446,103450,103468,103472],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103393,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103395,579],{"class":65},[59,103397,70],{"class":69},[59,103399,10491],{"class":73},[59,103401,78],{"class":77},[59,103403,588],{"class":81},[59,103405,78],{"class":77},[59,103407,87],{"class":73},[59,103409,90],{"class":77},[59,103411,597],{"class":81},[59,103413,78],{"class":77},[59,103415,87],{"class":73},[59,103417,90],{"class":77},[59,103419,606],{"class":81},[59,103421,78],{"class":77},[59,103423,9309],{"class":73},[59,103425,103426],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103427,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103429,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103431,715],{"class":135},[59,103433,139],{"class":73},[59,103435,78],{"class":77},[59,103437,11567],{"class":81},[59,103439,78],{"class":77},[59,103441,87],{"class":73},[59,103443,52656],{"class":142},[59,103445,165],{"class":73},[59,103447,103448],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103449,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,103453,634],{"class":65},[59,103455,358],{"class":73},[59,103457,102732],{"class":142},[59,103459,139],{"class":73},[59,103461,78],{"class":77},[59,103463,597],{"class":81},[59,103465,78],{"class":77},[59,103467,165],{"class":73},[59,103469,103470],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,103471,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103473,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,103475,715],{"class":135},[59,103477,139],{"class":73},[59,103479,78],{"class":77},[59,103481,11607],{"class":81},[59,103483,78],{"class":77},[59,103485,87],{"class":73},[59,103487,52656],{"class":142},[59,103489,165],{"class":73},[20,103491,168],{},[50,103493,103495],{"className":52,"code":103494,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103496,103497,103529],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103498,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103500,11627],{"class":65},[59,103502,1002],{"class":73},[59,103504,10491],{"class":73},[59,103506,1725],{"class":77},[59,103508,597],{"class":81},[59,103510,1725],{"class":77},[59,103512,87],{"class":73},[59,103514,1734],{"class":77},[59,103516,588],{"class":81},[59,103518,1725],{"class":77},[59,103520,87],{"class":73},[59,103522,1734],{"class":77},[59,103524,606],{"class":81},[59,103526,1725],{"class":77},[59,103528,9309],{"class":73},[59,103530,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103532,11680],{"class":65},[59,103534,1002],{"class":73},[59,103536,10491],{"class":73},[59,103538,1725],{"class":77},[59,103540,588],{"class":81},[59,103542,1725],{"class":77},[59,103544,87],{"class":73},[59,103546,1734],{"class":77},[59,103548,606],{"class":81},[59,103550,1725],{"class":77},[59,103552,9309],{"class":73},[20,103554,103555],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[45,103557,103559],{"id":103558},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103561,103562,103563,103565],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103564,102665],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[50,103567,103569],{"className":52,"code":103568,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103570,103571,103603,103607,103625,103629],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103574,579],{"class":65},[59,103576,70],{"class":69},[59,103578,10491],{"class":73},[59,103580,78],{"class":77},[59,103582,588],{"class":81},[59,103584,78],{"class":77},[59,103586,87],{"class":73},[59,103588,90],{"class":77},[59,103590,597],{"class":81},[59,103592,78],{"class":77},[59,103594,87],{"class":73},[59,103596,90],{"class":77},[59,103598,606],{"class":81},[59,103600,78],{"class":77},[59,103602,9309],{"class":73},[59,103604,103605],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103606,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103608,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103610,634],{"class":65},[59,103612,358],{"class":73},[59,103614,102732],{"class":142},[59,103616,139],{"class":73},[59,103618,78],{"class":77},[59,103620,22528],{"class":81},[59,103622,78],{"class":77},[59,103624,165],{"class":73},[59,103626,103627],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103628,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103630,103631,103633,103635,103637],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,103632,715],{"class":135},[59,103634,139],{"class":73},[59,103636,634],{"class":142},[59,103638,165],{"class":73},[20,103640,168],{},[50,103642,103644],{"className":52,"code":103643,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103645,103646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103647,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103649,893],{"class":73},[59,103651,1725],{"class":77},[59,103653,597],{"class":81},[59,103655,1725],{"class":77},[59,103657,87],{"class":73},[59,103659,1734],{"class":77},[59,103661,588],{"class":81},[59,103663,1725],{"class":77},[59,103665,87],{"class":73},[59,103667,1734],{"class":77},[59,103669,606],{"class":81},[59,103671,1725],{"class":77},[59,103673,9309],{"class":73},[20,103675,103676],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103678,103679],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[50,103681,103683],{"className":52,"code":103682,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103684,103685,103701],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103686,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103688,7004],{"class":120},[59,103690,90],{"class":77},[59,103692,22528],{"class":81},[59,103694,78],{"class":77},[59,103696,21173],{"class":69},[59,103698,52656],{"class":65},[59,103700,1561],{"class":73},[59,103702,103703,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103704,103705],{"class":65},"    fruits",[59,103707,358],{"class":73},[59,103709,34782],{"class":142},[59,103711,139],{"class":73},[59,103713,78],{"class":77},[59,103715,22528],{"class":81},[59,103717,78],{"class":77},[59,103719,165],{"class":73},[20,103721,103722,103723,103725],{},"With ",[15,103724,102665],{},", you can simply write:",[50,103727,103729],{"className":52,"code":103728,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103730,103731],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103732,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103734,634],{"class":65},[59,103736,358],{"class":73},[59,103738,102732],{"class":142},[59,103740,139],{"class":73},[59,103742,78],{"class":77},[59,103744,22528],{"class":81},[59,103746,78],{"class":77},[59,103748,165],{"class":73},[45,103750,776,103752],{"id":103751},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103753,102665],{},[20,103755,201,103756,10602],{},[15,103757,102665],{},[29,103759,103760,103763,103766],{},[32,103761,103762],{},"Missing values are normal",[32,103764,103765],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[32,103767,103768],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103770,103771],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[45,103773,1579],{"id":1578},[20,103775,8450,103776,358],{},[15,103777,102665],{},[1127,103779,8456,103781,103783],{"id":103780},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103782,102665],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103785,4541],{},[50,103787,103789],{"className":52,"code":103788,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103790,103791,103811,103829,103833],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103792,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103794,664],{"class":65},[59,103796,70],{"class":69},[59,103798,10491],{"class":73},[59,103800,187],{"class":178},[59,103802,87],{"class":73},[59,103804,3009],{"class":178},[59,103806,87],{"class":73},[59,103808,2469],{"class":178},[59,103810,9309],{"class":73},[59,103812,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103814,664],{"class":65},[59,103816,70],{"class":69},[59,103818,4277],{"class":65},[59,103820,358],{"class":73},[59,103822,102732],{"class":142},[59,103824,139],{"class":73},[59,103826,195],{"class":178},[59,103828,165],{"class":73},[59,103830,103831],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103832,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103834,103835,103837,103839,103841],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103836,715],{"class":135},[59,103838,139],{"class":73},[59,103840,707],{"class":142},[59,103842,165],{"class":73},[20,103844,103845,41955,103847,8605,103849,2414,103851,358],{},[15,103846,707],{},[15,103848,3792],{},[15,103850,102665],{},[15,103852,3792],{},[20,103854,18839],{},[50,103856,103858],{"className":52,"code":103857,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103859,103860,103880,103894,103898],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103861,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103863,664],{"class":65},[59,103865,70],{"class":69},[59,103867,10491],{"class":73},[59,103869,187],{"class":178},[59,103871,87],{"class":73},[59,103873,3009],{"class":178},[59,103875,87],{"class":73},[59,103877,2469],{"class":178},[59,103879,9309],{"class":73},[59,103881,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103883,707],{"class":65},[59,103885,358],{"class":73},[59,103887,102732],{"class":142},[59,103889,139],{"class":73},[59,103891,195],{"class":178},[59,103893,165],{"class":73},[59,103895,103896],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103897,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,103899,103900,103902,103904,103906],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,103901,715],{"class":135},[59,103903,139],{"class":73},[59,103905,707],{"class":142},[59,103907,165],{"class":73},[1127,103909,1605,103911,1608,103913],{"id":103910},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103912,102665],{},[15,103914,55334],{},[20,103916,103917,103918,358],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103919,102665],{},[50,103921,103923],{"className":52,"code":103922,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103924,103925,103957,103978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,103926,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,103928,425],{"class":65},[59,103930,70],{"class":69},[59,103932,10491],{"class":73},[59,103934,78],{"class":77},[59,103936,354],{"class":81},[59,103938,78],{"class":77},[59,103940,87],{"class":73},[59,103942,90],{"class":77},[59,103944,442],{"class":81},[59,103946,78],{"class":77},[59,103948,87],{"class":73},[59,103950,90],{"class":77},[59,103952,451],{"class":81},[59,103954,78],{"class":77},[59,103956,9309],{"class":73},[59,103958,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,103960,480],{"class":65},[59,103962,358],{"class":73},[59,103964,102732],{"class":142},[59,103966,139],{"class":73},[59,103968,78],{"class":77},[59,103970,22074],{"class":81},[59,103972,78],{"class":77},[59,103974,3675],{"class":73},[59,103976,103977],{"class":3678},"   # safe\n",[59,103979,103980,103982,103984,103986],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,103981,715],{"class":135},[59,103983,139],{"class":73},[59,103985,480],{"class":142},[59,103987,165],{"class":73},[20,103989,103990,103991,45710,103994,358],{},"If you use ",[15,103992,103993],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103995,19686],{},[1127,103997,25606,103999,104001],{"id":103998},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104000,102665],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104003,104004,102018],{},[15,104005,102665],{},[20,104007,16644],{},[50,104009,104011],{"className":52,"code":104010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104012,104013,104033],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104014,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104016,1251],{"class":65},[59,104018,70],{"class":69},[59,104020,74],{"class":73},[59,104022,187],{"class":178},[59,104024,87],{"class":73},[59,104026,3009],{"class":178},[59,104028,87],{"class":73},[59,104030,2469],{"class":178},[59,104032,107],{"class":73},[59,104034,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104036,1297],{"class":65},[59,104038,358],{"class":73},[59,104040,102732],{"class":142},[59,104042,139],{"class":73},[59,104044,195],{"class":178},[59,104046,165],{"class":73},[20,104048,104049,104050,1002],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104051,102665],{},[50,104053,104055],{"className":52,"code":104054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104056,104057,104077,104091],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104058,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104060,1251],{"class":65},[59,104062,70],{"class":69},[59,104064,10491],{"class":73},[59,104066,187],{"class":178},[59,104068,87],{"class":73},[59,104070,3009],{"class":178},[59,104072,87],{"class":73},[59,104074,2469],{"class":178},[59,104076,9309],{"class":73},[59,104078,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104080,1297],{"class":65},[59,104082,358],{"class":73},[59,104084,102732],{"class":142},[59,104086,139],{"class":73},[59,104088,195],{"class":178},[59,104090,165],{"class":73},[59,104092,104093,104095,104097,104099],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104094,715],{"class":135},[59,104096,139],{"class":73},[59,104098,1297],{"class":142},[59,104100,165],{"class":73},[1127,104102,104104],{"id":104103},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104106,104107],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104109,2854],{},[50,104111,104113],{"className":52,"code":104112,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104114,104115,104135],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104116,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104118,9170],{"class":65},[59,104120,70],{"class":69},[59,104122,10491],{"class":73},[59,104124,187],{"class":178},[59,104126,87],{"class":73},[59,104128,3009],{"class":178},[59,104130,87],{"class":73},[59,104132,2469],{"class":178},[59,104134,9309],{"class":73},[59,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104138,9208],{"class":65},[59,104140,358],{"class":73},[59,104142,102732],{"class":142},[59,104144,1629],{"class":73},[59,104146,195],{"class":178},[59,104148,3902],{"class":73},[20,104150,104151],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[45,104153,8876],{"id":8875},[20,104155,8879,104156,104158],{},[15,104157,102665],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[50,104160,104162],{"className":52,"code":104161,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104163,104164,104174,104188,104202],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104165,104166,104168,104170,104172],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104167,715],{"class":135},[59,104169,139],{"class":73},[59,104171,15667],{"class":142},[59,104173,165],{"class":73},[59,104175,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104177,715],{"class":135},[59,104179,139],{"class":73},[59,104181,3239],{"class":697},[59,104183,139],{"class":73},[59,104185,15667],{"class":142},[59,104187,710],{"class":73},[59,104189,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104191,715],{"class":135},[59,104193,139],{"class":73},[59,104195,2464],{"class":142},[59,104197,132],{"class":120},[59,104199,96735],{"class":142},[59,104201,165],{"class":73},[59,104203,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,104205,32141],{"class":135},[59,104207,139],{"class":73},[59,104209,6293],{"class":697},[59,104211,358],{"class":73},[59,104213,102732],{"class":929},[59,104215,165],{"class":73},[20,104217,11172],{},[29,104219,104220,104223,104226,104229],{},[32,104221,104222],{},"What is currently in the set",[32,104224,104225],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[32,104227,104228],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[32,104230,104231],{},"How Python documents the method",[45,104233,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,104235,104237],{"id":104236},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104239,104240,104241,104243],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104242,102665],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1127,104245,1872,104247,12718],{"id":104246},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104248,102670],{},[20,104250,5159,104251,104253],{},[15,104252,3792],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1127,104255,5190,104257,4408,104259,1905],{"id":104256},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104258,102665],{},[15,104260,55334],{},[20,104262,104263,104264,26528,104266,104268,104269,104271],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104265,55334],{},[15,104267,19686],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104270,102665],{}," does not.",[1127,104273,28318,104275,104277],{"id":104274},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104276,102665],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104279,46167,104280,104282],{},[15,104281,102665],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[45,104284,1927],{"id":1926},[29,104286,104287,104293,104299,104304,104308],{},[32,104288,104289],{},[354,104290,96625,104291,10742],{"href":98020},[15,104292,55334],{},[32,104294,104295],{},[354,104296,96625,104297,10742],{"href":98025},[15,104298,12765],{},[32,104300,104301],{},[354,104302,104303],{"href":97694},"Python set: creating a set",[32,104305,104306],{},[354,104307,100160],{"href":98602},[32,104309,104310],{},[354,104311,11264],{"href":11076},[1953,104313,104314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":104316},[104317,104318,104320,104323,104328,104329,104330,104331,104333,104342,104343,104352],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":102842,"depth":110,"text":104319},"What set.discard() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":104321},[104322],{"id":102915,"depth":117,"text":102916},{"id":102995,"depth":110,"text":104324,"children":104325},"What makes discard() different",[104326],{"id":103034,"depth":117,"text":104327},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103187,"depth":110,"text":103188},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":103558,"depth":110,"text":103559},{"id":103751,"depth":110,"text":104332},"When to use discard()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":104334},[104335,104337,104339,104341],{"id":103780,"depth":117,"text":104336},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103910,"depth":117,"text":104338},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103998,"depth":117,"text":104340},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104103,"depth":117,"text":104104},{"id":8875,"depth":110,"text":8876},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":104344},[104345,104346,104348,104350],{"id":104236,"depth":117,"text":104237},{"id":104246,"depth":117,"text":104347},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104256,"depth":117,"text":104349},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104274,"depth":117,"text":104351},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102657,"description":104353},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104360,"title":104361,"body":104362,"description":106368,"extension":1988,"meta":106369,"navigation":113,"path":106370,"seo":106371,"stem":106372,"__hash__":106373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104363,"toc":106326},[104364,104367,104375,104380,104391,104393,104448,104452,104472,104477,104481,104486,104488,104502,104504,104579,104581,104614,104619,104624,104626,104628,104643,104646,104654,104659,104674,104676,104765,104767,104856,104862,104866,104868,104906,104908,104932,104935,104950,104952,105007,105009,105042,105044,105049,105053,105057,105062,105127,105129,105149,105155,105159,105216,105218,105239,105243,105248,105293,105295,105328,105331,105335,105368,105370,105399,105403,105407,105410,105412,105431,105433,105479,105484,105498,105500,105531,105536,105539,105583,105585,105613,105617,105621,105637,105640,105705,105707,105719,105722,105726,105729,105734,105762,105764,105782,105788,105827,105829,105847,105853,105882,105884,105902,105905,105922,105924,105929,105933,105936,105962,105969,105974,105989,105998,106002,106005,106036,106042,106045,106054,106057,106059,106061,106119,106122,106147,106149,106153,106156,106160,106168,106172,106175,106179,106182,106184,106207,106209,106250,106257,106265,106268,106299,106301,106323],[10,104365,104361],{"id":104366},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104368,9127,104369,104371,104372,358],{},[15,104370,3811],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[549,104373,104374],{},"unique values only",[20,104376,35394,104377,104379],{},[15,104378,3811],{}," to:",[29,104381,104382,104385,104388],{},[32,104383,104384],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[32,104386,104387],{},"check whether a value exists",[32,104389,104390],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[45,104392,48],{"id":47},[50,104394,104396],{"className":52,"code":104395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104397,104398,104422,104437],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104399,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104401,664],{"class":65},[59,104403,70],{"class":69},[59,104405,74],{"class":73},[59,104407,187],{"class":178},[59,104409,87],{"class":73},[59,104411,3009],{"class":178},[59,104413,87],{"class":73},[59,104415,3009],{"class":178},[59,104417,87],{"class":73},[59,104419,2469],{"class":178},[59,104421,107],{"class":73},[59,104423,104424,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104425,104426],{"class":65},"unique_numbers ",[59,104428,70],{"class":69},[59,104430,15634],{"class":697},[59,104432,139],{"class":73},[59,104434,707],{"class":142},[59,104436,165],{"class":73},[59,104438,104439,104441,104443,104446],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104440,715],{"class":135},[59,104442,139],{"class":73},[59,104444,104445],{"class":142},"unique_numbers",[59,104447,165],{"class":73},[20,104449,104450],{},[549,104451,168],{},[50,104453,104454],{"className":52,"code":96418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,104455,104456],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104457,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104459,893],{"class":73},[59,104461,187],{"class":178},[59,104463,87],{"class":73},[59,104465,3009],{"class":178},[59,104467,87],{"class":73},[59,104469,2469],{"class":178},[59,104471,9309],{"class":73},[20,104473,201,104474,104476],{},[15,104475,3811],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[45,104478,104480],{"id":104479},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104482,104483,104485],{},[15,104484,3811],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104487,30528],{},[29,104489,104490,104493,104496,104499],{},[32,104491,104492],{},"A set stores unique items only",[32,104494,104495],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[32,104497,104498],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[32,104500,104501],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104503,239],{},[50,104505,104507],{"className":52,"code":104506,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104508,104509,104549,104564,104568],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104510,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104512,66],{"class":65},[59,104514,70],{"class":69},[59,104516,74],{"class":73},[59,104518,78],{"class":77},[59,104520,82],{"class":81},[59,104522,78],{"class":77},[59,104524,87],{"class":73},[59,104526,90],{"class":77},[59,104528,102],{"class":81},[59,104530,78],{"class":77},[59,104532,87],{"class":73},[59,104534,90],{"class":77},[59,104536,82],{"class":81},[59,104538,78],{"class":77},[59,104540,87],{"class":73},[59,104542,90],{"class":77},[59,104544,93],{"class":81},[59,104546,78],{"class":77},[59,104548,107],{"class":73},[59,104550,104551,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104552,104553],{"class":65},"unique_colors ",[59,104555,70],{"class":69},[59,104557,15634],{"class":697},[59,104559,139],{"class":73},[59,104561,143],{"class":142},[59,104563,165],{"class":73},[59,104565,104566],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104567,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,104569,104570,104572,104574,104577],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,104571,715],{"class":135},[59,104573,139],{"class":73},[59,104575,104576],{"class":142},"unique_colors",[59,104578,165],{"class":73},[20,104580,30017],{},[50,104582,104584],{"className":52,"code":104583,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104585,104586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104587,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104589,893],{"class":73},[59,104591,1725],{"class":77},[59,104593,102],{"class":81},[59,104595,1725],{"class":77},[59,104597,87],{"class":73},[59,104599,1734],{"class":77},[59,104601,93],{"class":81},[59,104603,1725],{"class":77},[59,104605,87],{"class":73},[59,104607,1734],{"class":77},[59,104609,82],{"class":81},[59,104611,1725],{"class":77},[59,104613,9309],{"class":73},[20,104615,2303,104616,104618],{},[15,104617,65200],{}," appears only once.",[20,104620,104621,104622,358],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[354,104623,96139],{"href":96138},[45,104625,362],{"id":361},[20,104627,365],{},[50,104629,104631],{"className":52,"code":104630,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104632,104633],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104634,104635,104637,104639,104641],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104636,6293],{"class":697},[59,104638,139],{"class":73},[59,104640,380],{"class":142},[59,104642,165],{"class":73},[20,104644,104645],{},"The argument is optional.",[29,104647,104648,104651],{},[32,104649,104650],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[32,104652,104653],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104655,104656,104657,1002],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104658,3811],{},[29,104660,104661,104663,104665,104667,104671],{},[32,104662,1651],{},[32,104664,48756],{},[32,104666,60981],{},[32,104668,104669],{},[15,104670,535],{},[32,104672,104673],{},"another set",[20,104675,2148],{},[50,104677,104679],{"className":52,"code":104678,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104680,104681,104707,104729,104747],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104682,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104684,715],{"class":135},[59,104686,139],{"class":73},[59,104688,6293],{"class":697},[59,104690,1629],{"class":73},[59,104692,187],{"class":178},[59,104694,87],{"class":73},[59,104696,3009],{"class":178},[59,104698,87],{"class":73},[59,104700,3009],{"class":178},[59,104702,87],{"class":73},[59,104704,2469],{"class":178},[59,104706,1642],{"class":73},[59,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104710,715],{"class":135},[59,104712,139],{"class":73},[59,104714,6293],{"class":697},[59,104716,5519],{"class":73},[59,104718,671],{"class":178},[59,104720,87],{"class":73},[59,104722,676],{"class":178},[59,104724,87],{"class":73},[59,104726,741],{"class":178},[59,104728,1706],{"class":73},[59,104730,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104732,715],{"class":135},[59,104734,139],{"class":73},[59,104736,6293],{"class":697},[59,104738,139],{"class":73},[59,104740,78],{"class":77},[59,104742,3860],{"class":81},[59,104744,78],{"class":77},[59,104746,710],{"class":73},[59,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,104750,715],{"class":135},[59,104752,139],{"class":73},[59,104754,6293],{"class":697},[59,104756,139],{"class":73},[59,104758,59805],{"class":135},[59,104760,139],{"class":73},[59,104762,2522],{"class":178},[59,104764,1706],{"class":73},[20,104766,30017],{},[50,104768,104770],{"className":52,"code":104769,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104771,104772,104788,104800,104836],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104775,893],{"class":73},[59,104777,187],{"class":178},[59,104779,87],{"class":73},[59,104781,3009],{"class":178},[59,104783,87],{"class":73},[59,104785,2469],{"class":178},[59,104787,9309],{"class":73},[59,104789,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104791,893],{"class":73},[59,104793,671],{"class":178},[59,104795,87],{"class":73},[59,104797,676],{"class":178},[59,104799,9309],{"class":73},[59,104801,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104803,893],{"class":73},[59,104805,1725],{"class":77},[59,104807,60245],{"class":81},[59,104809,1725],{"class":77},[59,104811,87],{"class":73},[59,104813,1734],{"class":77},[59,104815,60254],{"class":81},[59,104817,1725],{"class":77},[59,104819,87],{"class":73},[59,104821,1734],{"class":77},[59,104823,60263],{"class":81},[59,104825,1725],{"class":77},[59,104827,87],{"class":73},[59,104829,1734],{"class":77},[59,104831,60280],{"class":81},[59,104833,1725],{"class":77},[59,104835,9309],{"class":73},[59,104837,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,104839,893],{"class":73},[59,104841,179],{"class":178},[59,104843,87],{"class":73},[59,104845,5506],{"class":178},[59,104847,87],{"class":73},[59,104849,3009],{"class":178},[59,104851,87],{"class":73},[59,104853,2469],{"class":178},[59,104855,9309],{"class":73},[20,104857,104858,104859,358],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[354,104860,104861],{"href":64655},"Python list() function explained",[45,104863,104865],{"id":104864},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104867,98091],{},[50,104869,104870],{"className":52,"code":99056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,104871,104872,104882,104892],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104873,104874,104876,104878,104880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104875,98101],{"class":65},[59,104877,70],{"class":69},[59,104879,15634],{"class":697},[59,104881,8647],{"class":73},[59,104883,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104885,715],{"class":135},[59,104887,139],{"class":73},[59,104889,98120],{"class":142},[59,104891,165],{"class":73},[59,104893,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104895,715],{"class":135},[59,104897,139],{"class":73},[59,104899,3239],{"class":697},[59,104901,139],{"class":73},[59,104903,98120],{"class":142},[59,104905,710],{"class":73},[20,104907,168],{},[50,104909,104910],{"className":52,"code":99099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,104911,104912,104918],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104913,104914,104916],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104915,6293],{"class":697},[59,104917,8647],{"class":73},[59,104919,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104921,1769],{"class":69},[59,104923,3310],{"class":887},[59,104925,1734],{"class":77},[59,104927,6293],{"class":81},[59,104929,1725],{"class":77},[59,104931,1788],{"class":69},[20,104933,104934],{},"This is important because:",[29,104936,104937,104942],{},[32,104938,104939,104941],{},[15,104940,3811],{}," creates an empty set",[32,104943,104944,104946,104947,104949],{},[15,104945,3806],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[549,104948,4647],{}," a set",[20,104951,239],{},[50,104953,104955],{"className":52,"code":104954,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104956,104957,104967,104975,104979,104993],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,104958,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,104960,2572],{"class":65},[59,104962,70],{"class":69},[59,104964,15634],{"class":697},[59,104966,8647],{"class":73},[59,104968,104969,104971,104973],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,104970,2600],{"class":65},[59,104972,70],{"class":69},[59,104974,9838],{"class":73},[59,104976,104977],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,104978,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,104980,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,104982,715],{"class":135},[59,104984,139],{"class":73},[59,104986,3239],{"class":697},[59,104988,139],{"class":73},[59,104990,354],{"class":142},[59,104992,710],{"class":73},[59,104994,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,104996,715],{"class":135},[59,104998,139],{"class":73},[59,105000,3239],{"class":697},[59,105002,139],{"class":73},[59,105004,442],{"class":142},[59,105006,710],{"class":73},[20,105008,168],{},[50,105010,105012],{"className":52,"code":105011,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105013,105014,105028],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105015,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105017,1769],{"class":69},[59,105019,3310],{"class":887},[59,105021,1734],{"class":77},[59,105023,6293],{"class":81},[59,105025,1725],{"class":77},[59,105027,1788],{"class":69},[59,105029,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105031,1769],{"class":69},[59,105033,3310],{"class":887},[59,105035,1734],{"class":77},[59,105037,8825],{"class":81},[59,105039,1725],{"class":77},[59,105041,1788],{"class":69},[20,105043,14048],{},[20,105045,105046,105047,358],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[354,105048,104303],{"href":96142},[45,105050,105052],{"id":105051},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1127,105054,105056],{"id":105055},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105058,105059,105060,358],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105061,3811],{},[50,105063,105065],{"className":52,"code":105064,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105066,105067,105099,105113,105117],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105068,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105070,664],{"class":65},[59,105072,70],{"class":69},[59,105074,74],{"class":73},[59,105076,187],{"class":178},[59,105078,87],{"class":73},[59,105080,3009],{"class":178},[59,105082,87],{"class":73},[59,105084,3009],{"class":178},[59,105086,87],{"class":73},[59,105088,2469],{"class":178},[59,105090,87],{"class":73},[59,105092,2469],{"class":178},[59,105094,87],{"class":73},[59,105096,2469],{"class":178},[59,105098,107],{"class":73},[59,105100,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105102,692],{"class":65},[59,105104,70],{"class":69},[59,105106,15634],{"class":697},[59,105108,139],{"class":73},[59,105110,707],{"class":142},[59,105112,165],{"class":73},[59,105114,105115],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,105116,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,105118,105119,105121,105123,105125],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,105120,715],{"class":135},[59,105122,139],{"class":73},[59,105124,720],{"class":142},[59,105126,165],{"class":73},[20,105128,168],{},[50,105130,105131],{"className":52,"code":96418,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105132,105133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105134,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105136,893],{"class":73},[59,105138,187],{"class":178},[59,105140,87],{"class":73},[59,105142,3009],{"class":178},[59,105144,87],{"class":73},[59,105146,2469],{"class":178},[59,105148,9309],{"class":73},[20,105150,105151,105152,358],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[354,105153,98889],{"href":105154},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1127,105156,105158],{"id":105157},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[50,105160,105162],{"className":52,"code":105161,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105163,105164,105188,105202,105206],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105167,3837],{"class":65},[59,105169,70],{"class":69},[59,105171,747],{"class":73},[59,105173,2159],{"class":178},[59,105175,87],{"class":73},[59,105177,4621],{"class":178},[59,105179,87],{"class":73},[59,105181,741],{"class":178},[59,105183,87],{"class":73},[59,105185,37734],{"class":178},[59,105187,165],{"class":73},[59,105189,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105191,692],{"class":65},[59,105193,70],{"class":69},[59,105195,15634],{"class":697},[59,105197,139],{"class":73},[59,105199,5366],{"class":142},[59,105201,165],{"class":73},[59,105203,105204],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,105205,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,105209,715],{"class":135},[59,105211,139],{"class":73},[59,105213,720],{"class":142},[59,105215,165],{"class":73},[20,105217,168],{},[50,105219,105221],{"className":52,"code":105220,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105222,105223],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105226,893],{"class":73},[59,105228,2159],{"class":178},[59,105230,87],{"class":73},[59,105232,741],{"class":178},[59,105234,87],{"class":73},[59,105236,37734],{"class":178},[59,105238,9309],{"class":73},[1127,105240,105242],{"id":105241},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105244,50931,105245,105247],{},[15,105246,3811],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[50,105249,105251],{"className":52,"code":105250,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105252,105253,105265,105279,105283],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105254,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105256,34675],{"class":65},[59,105258,70],{"class":69},[59,105260,90],{"class":77},[59,105262,597],{"class":81},[59,105264,3374],{"class":77},[59,105266,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105268,692],{"class":65},[59,105270,70],{"class":69},[59,105272,15634],{"class":697},[59,105274,139],{"class":73},[59,105276,34696],{"class":142},[59,105278,165],{"class":73},[59,105280,105281],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,105282,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,105286,715],{"class":135},[59,105288,139],{"class":73},[59,105290,720],{"class":142},[59,105292,165],{"class":73},[20,105294,30017],{},[50,105296,105298],{"className":52,"code":105297,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105299,105300],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105301,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324,105326],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105303,893],{"class":73},[59,105305,1725],{"class":77},[59,105307,442],{"class":81},[59,105309,1725],{"class":77},[59,105311,87],{"class":73},[59,105313,1734],{"class":77},[59,105315,354],{"class":81},[59,105317,1725],{"class":77},[59,105319,87],{"class":73},[59,105321,1734],{"class":77},[59,105323,75838],{"class":81},[59,105325,1725],{"class":77},[59,105327,9309],{"class":73},[20,105329,105330],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1127,105332,105334],{"id":105333},"from-range","From range()",[50,105336,105338],{"className":52,"code":105337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105339,105340,105358],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105341,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105343,692],{"class":65},[59,105345,70],{"class":69},[59,105347,15634],{"class":697},[59,105349,139],{"class":73},[59,105351,59805],{"class":135},[59,105353,139],{"class":73},[59,105355,2159],{"class":178},[59,105357,710],{"class":73},[59,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105361,715],{"class":135},[59,105363,139],{"class":73},[59,105365,720],{"class":142},[59,105367,165],{"class":73},[20,105369,168],{},[50,105371,105373],{"className":52,"code":105372,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105374,105375],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105376,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105378,893],{"class":73},[59,105380,179],{"class":178},[59,105382,87],{"class":73},[59,105384,5506],{"class":178},[59,105386,87],{"class":73},[59,105388,3009],{"class":178},[59,105390,87],{"class":73},[59,105392,2469],{"class":178},[59,105394,87],{"class":73},[59,105396,2475],{"class":178},[59,105398,9309],{"class":73},[45,105400,105402],{"id":105401},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105404,99336,105405,358],{},[549,105406,96182],{},[20,105408,105409],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105411,99342],{},[29,105413,105414,105418,105422,105426],{},[32,105415,105416],{},[15,105417,2209],{},[32,105419,105420],{},[15,105421,3460],{},[32,105423,105424],{},[15,105425,2212],{},[32,105427,105428,105430],{},[15,105429,48756],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105432,239],{},[50,105434,105436],{"className":52,"code":105435,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105437,105438,105469],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105439,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105441,1251],{"class":65},[59,105443,70],{"class":69},[59,105445,10491],{"class":73},[59,105447,187],{"class":178},[59,105449,87],{"class":73},[59,105451,90],{"class":77},[59,105453,3860],{"class":81},[59,105455,78],{"class":77},[59,105457,87],{"class":73},[59,105459,747],{"class":73},[59,105461,671],{"class":178},[59,105463,87],{"class":73},[59,105465,676],{"class":178},[59,105467,105468],{"class":73},")}\n",[59,105470,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105472,715],{"class":135},[59,105474,139],{"class":73},[59,105476,1297],{"class":142},[59,105478,165],{"class":73},[20,105480,99404,105481,105483],{},[549,105482,4647],{}," work inside a set:",[29,105485,105486,105490,105494],{},[32,105487,105488],{},[15,105489,1651],{},[32,105491,105492],{},[15,105493,8825],{},[32,105495,105496],{},[15,105497,6293],{},[20,105499,96907],{},[50,105501,105503],{"className":52,"code":105502,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105504,105505],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105508,99423],{"class":65},[59,105510,70],{"class":69},[59,105512,99428],{"class":73},[59,105514,187],{"class":178},[59,105516,87],{"class":73},[59,105518,3009],{"class":178},[59,105520,1697],{"class":73},[59,105522,74],{"class":73},[59,105524,950],{"class":178},[59,105526,87],{"class":73},[59,105528,2475],{"class":178},[59,105530,13705],{"class":73},[20,105532,76666,105533,105535],{},[15,105534,3021],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105537,105538],{},"A safer example:",[50,105540,105542],{"className":52,"code":105541,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105543,105544,105572],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105545,105546,105549,105551,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105547,105548],{"class":65},"good_set ",[59,105550,70],{"class":69},[59,105552,105553],{"class":73}," {(",[59,105555,187],{"class":178},[59,105557,87],{"class":73},[59,105559,3009],{"class":178},[59,105561,744],{"class":73},[59,105563,747],{"class":73},[59,105565,950],{"class":178},[59,105567,87],{"class":73},[59,105569,2475],{"class":178},[59,105571,105468],{"class":73},[59,105573,105574,105576,105578,105581],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105575,715],{"class":135},[59,105577,139],{"class":73},[59,105579,105580],{"class":142},"good_set",[59,105582,165],{"class":73},[20,105584,168],{},[50,105586,105588],{"className":52,"code":105587,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105589,105590],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105591,105592,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105593,105594],{"class":73},"{(",[59,105596,187],{"class":178},[59,105598,87],{"class":73},[59,105600,3009],{"class":178},[59,105602,744],{"class":73},[59,105604,747],{"class":73},[59,105606,950],{"class":178},[59,105608,87],{"class":73},[59,105610,2475],{"class":178},[59,105612,105468],{"class":73},[45,105614,105616],{"id":105615},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105618,201,105619,10602],{},[15,105620,3811],{},[29,105622,105623,105626,105631,105634],{},[32,105624,105625],{},"you need unique values only",[32,105627,105628,105629],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105630,132],{},[32,105632,105633],{},"order does not matter",[32,105635,105636],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105638,105639],{},"Example of membership checking:",[50,105641,105643],{"className":52,"code":105642,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105644,105645,105670,105674,105690],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105646,105647,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105663,105665,105668],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105648,105649],{"class":65},"allowed_ids ",[59,105651,70],{"class":69},[59,105653,15634],{"class":697},[59,105655,1629],{"class":73},[59,105657,46394],{"class":178},[59,105659,87],{"class":73},[59,105661,105662],{"class":178}," 102",[59,105664,87],{"class":73},[59,105666,105667],{"class":178}," 103",[59,105669,3902],{"class":73},[59,105671,105672],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105673,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,105675,105676,105678,105680,105683,105685,105688],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,105677,715],{"class":135},[59,105679,139],{"class":73},[59,105681,105682],{"class":178},"102",[59,105684,21173],{"class":120},[59,105686,105687],{"class":142}," allowed_ids",[59,105689,165],{"class":73},[59,105691,105692,105694,105696,105699,105701,105703],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,105693,715],{"class":135},[59,105695,139],{"class":73},[59,105697,105698],{"class":178},"999",[59,105700,21173],{"class":120},[59,105702,105687],{"class":142},[59,105704,165],{"class":73},[20,105706,168],{},[50,105708,105709],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105710,105711,105715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105712,105713],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105714,3994],{"class":3867},[59,105716,105717],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105718,4055],{"class":3867},[20,105720,105721],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[45,105723,105725],{"id":105724},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105727,105728],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1127,105730,201,105732,98033],{"id":105731},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105733,3811],{},[50,105735,105736],{"className":52,"code":98094,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105737,105738,105748],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105739,105740,105742,105744,105746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105741,98101],{"class":65},[59,105743,70],{"class":69},[59,105745,15634],{"class":697},[59,105747,8647],{"class":73},[59,105749,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105751,715],{"class":135},[59,105753,139],{"class":73},[59,105755,3239],{"class":697},[59,105757,139],{"class":73},[59,105759,98120],{"class":142},[59,105761,710],{"class":73},[20,105763,168],{},[50,105765,105766],{"className":52,"code":8856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105767,105768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105769,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105771,1769],{"class":69},[59,105773,3310],{"class":887},[59,105775,1734],{"class":77},[59,105777,6293],{"class":81},[59,105779,1725],{"class":77},[59,105781,1788],{"class":69},[1127,105783,201,105785,105787],{"id":105784},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105786,100093],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[50,105789,105791],{"className":52,"code":105790,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105792,105793,105813],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105794,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105796,664],{"class":65},[59,105798,70],{"class":69},[59,105800,10491],{"class":73},[59,105802,187],{"class":178},[59,105804,87],{"class":73},[59,105806,3009],{"class":178},[59,105808,87],{"class":73},[59,105810,2469],{"class":178},[59,105812,9309],{"class":73},[59,105814,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105816,715],{"class":135},[59,105818,139],{"class":73},[59,105820,3239],{"class":697},[59,105822,139],{"class":73},[59,105824,707],{"class":142},[59,105826,710],{"class":73},[20,105828,168],{},[50,105830,105831],{"className":52,"code":8856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105832,105833],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105834,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105836,1769],{"class":69},[59,105838,3310],{"class":887},[59,105840,1734],{"class":77},[59,105842,6293],{"class":81},[59,105844,1725],{"class":77},[59,105846,1788],{"class":69},[1127,105848,201,105850,105852],{"id":105849},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105851,3806],{}," for an empty dictionary",[50,105854,105856],{"className":52,"code":105855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105857,105858,105867],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105859,105860,105863,105865],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105861,105862],{"class":65},"empty_dict ",[59,105864,70],{"class":69},[59,105866,9838],{"class":73},[59,105868,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105880],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105870,715],{"class":135},[59,105872,139],{"class":73},[59,105874,3239],{"class":697},[59,105876,139],{"class":73},[59,105878,105879],{"class":142},"empty_dict",[59,105881,710],{"class":73},[20,105883,168],{},[50,105885,105886],{"className":52,"code":8812,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105887,105888],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105889,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105891,1769],{"class":69},[59,105893,3310],{"class":887},[59,105895,1734],{"class":77},[59,105897,8825],{"class":81},[59,105899,1725],{"class":77},[59,105901,1788],{"class":69},[20,105903,105904],{},"So the rule is simple:",[29,105906,105907,105912,105917],{},[32,105908,105909,105911],{},[15,105910,3811],{}," → empty set",[32,105913,105914,105916],{},[15,105915,100093],{}," → non-empty set",[32,105918,105919,105921],{},[15,105920,3806],{}," → empty dictionary",[45,105923,1579],{"id":1578},[20,105925,105926,105927,358],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105928,3811],{},[1127,105930,1599,105931,99691],{"id":99688},[15,105932,3806],{},[20,105934,105935],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[50,105937,105938],{"className":52,"code":99697,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,105939,105940,105948],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105941,105942,105944,105946],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105943,2464],{"class":65},[59,105945,70],{"class":69},[59,105947,9838],{"class":73},[59,105949,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,105951,715],{"class":135},[59,105953,139],{"class":73},[59,105955,3239],{"class":697},[59,105957,139],{"class":73},[59,105959,1217],{"class":142},[59,105961,710],{"class":73},[1127,105963,105965,105966],{"id":105964},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105967,105968],{},"set(5)",[20,105970,105971,105973],{},[15,105972,3811],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[50,105975,105977],{"className":52,"code":105976,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set(5)\n",[15,105978,105979],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,105980,105981,105983,105985,105987],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,105982,6293],{"class":697},[59,105984,139],{"class":73},[59,105986,2159],{"class":178},[59,105988,165],{"class":73},[20,105990,3018,105991,105993,105994,358],{},[15,105992,3021],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[354,105995,105997],{"href":105996},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1127,105999,106001],{"id":106000},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106003,106004],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[50,106006,106008],{"className":52,"code":106007,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106009,106010],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106011,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026,106028,106030,106032,106034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106013,2464],{"class":65},[59,106015,70],{"class":69},[59,106017,99428],{"class":73},[59,106019,187],{"class":178},[59,106021,87],{"class":73},[59,106023,3009],{"class":178},[59,106025,1697],{"class":73},[59,106027,74],{"class":73},[59,106029,950],{"class":178},[59,106031,87],{"class":73},[59,106033,2475],{"class":178},[59,106035,13705],{"class":73},[1127,106037,8456,106039,106041],{"id":106038},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106040,3811],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106043,106044],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1127,106046,1605,106048,1608,106050,2896,106052],{"id":106047},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106049,3811],{},[15,106051,24773],{},[15,106053,9124],{},[20,106055,106056],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[45,106058,60517],{"id":60516},[20,106060,11114],{},[50,106062,106064],{"className":52,"code":106063,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106065,106066,106081,106091,106105],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106067,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106079],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106069,715],{"class":135},[59,106071,139],{"class":73},[59,106073,3239],{"class":697},[59,106075,139],{"class":73},[59,106077,106078],{"class":142},"my_value",[59,106080,710],{"class":73},[59,106082,106083,106085,106087,106089],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106084,715],{"class":135},[59,106086,139],{"class":73},[59,106088,106078],{"class":142},[59,106090,165],{"class":73},[59,106092,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,106094,715],{"class":135},[59,106096,139],{"class":73},[59,106098,1651],{"class":697},[59,106100,139],{"class":73},[59,106102,15667],{"class":142},[59,106104,710],{"class":73},[59,106106,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,106108,715],{"class":135},[59,106110,139],{"class":73},[59,106112,11163],{"class":135},[59,106114,139],{"class":73},[59,106116,15667],{"class":142},[59,106118,710],{"class":73},[20,106120,106121],{},"What they help you see:",[29,106123,106124,106130,106135,106141],{},[32,106125,106126,106129],{},[15,106127,106128],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[32,106131,106132,90357],{},[15,106133,106134],{},"print(my_value)",[32,106136,106137,106140],{},[15,106138,106139],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[32,106142,106143,106146],{},[15,106144,106145],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[45,106148,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,106150,106152],{"id":106151},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106154,106155],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1127,106157,106159],{"id":106158},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106161,201,106162,106164,106165,106167],{},[15,106163,3811],{},". Do not use ",[15,106166,3806],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1127,106169,106171],{"id":106170},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106173,106174],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1127,106176,106178],{"id":106177},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106180,106181],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106183,239],{},[50,106185,106187],{"className":52,"code":106186,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106188,106189],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106190,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106192,715],{"class":135},[59,106194,139],{"class":73},[59,106196,6293],{"class":697},[59,106198,139],{"class":73},[59,106200,78],{"class":77},[59,106202,588],{"class":81},[59,106204,78],{"class":77},[59,106206,710],{"class":73},[20,106208,30017],{},[50,106210,106212],{"className":52,"code":106211,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106213,106214],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106215,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106217,893],{"class":73},[59,106219,1725],{"class":77},[59,106221,354],{"class":81},[59,106223,1725],{"class":77},[59,106225,87],{"class":73},[59,106227,1734],{"class":77},[59,106229,20],{"class":81},[59,106231,1725],{"class":77},[59,106233,87],{"class":73},[59,106235,1734],{"class":77},[59,106237,60263],{"class":81},[59,106239,1725],{"class":77},[59,106241,87],{"class":73},[59,106243,1734],{"class":77},[59,106245,60254],{"class":81},[59,106247,1725],{"class":77},[59,106249,9309],{"class":73},[1127,106251,5169,106253,106256],{"id":106252},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106254,106255],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106258,106259,28675,106261,106264],{},[15,106260,3811],{},[549,106262,106263],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106266,106267],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[50,106269,106271],{"className":52,"code":106270,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106272,106273],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106274,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106276,715],{"class":135},[59,106278,139],{"class":73},[59,106280,6293],{"class":697},[59,106282,1629],{"class":73},[59,106284,187],{"class":178},[59,106286,87],{"class":73},[59,106288,3009],{"class":178},[59,106290,87],{"class":73},[59,106292,2469],{"class":178},[59,106294,87],{"class":73},[59,106296,2475],{"class":178},[59,106298,1642],{"class":73},[45,106300,1927],{"id":1926},[29,106302,106303,106307,106311,106315,106319],{},[32,106304,106305],{},[354,106306,96139],{"href":96138},[32,106308,106309],{},[354,106310,104303],{"href":96142},[32,106312,106313],{},[354,106314,100155],{"href":105154},[32,106316,106317],{},[354,106318,104861],{"href":64655},[32,106320,106321],{},[354,106322,105997],{"href":105996},[1953,106324,106325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":106327},[106328,106329,106330,106331,106332,106338,106339,106340,106348,106358,106359,106367],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":104479,"depth":110,"text":104480},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":104864,"depth":110,"text":104865},{"id":105051,"depth":110,"text":105052,"children":106333},[106334,106335,106336,106337],{"id":105055,"depth":117,"text":105056},{"id":105157,"depth":117,"text":105158},{"id":105241,"depth":117,"text":105242},{"id":105333,"depth":117,"text":105334},{"id":105401,"depth":110,"text":105402},{"id":105615,"depth":110,"text":105616},{"id":105724,"depth":110,"text":105725,"children":106341},[106342,106344,106346],{"id":105731,"depth":117,"text":106343},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105784,"depth":117,"text":106345},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105849,"depth":117,"text":106347},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":106349},[106350,106351,106353,106354,106356],{"id":99688,"depth":117,"text":100196},{"id":105964,"depth":117,"text":106352},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106000,"depth":117,"text":106001},{"id":106038,"depth":117,"text":106355},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106047,"depth":117,"text":106357},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60516,"depth":110,"text":60517},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":106360},[106361,106362,106363,106364,106365],{"id":106151,"depth":117,"text":106152},{"id":106158,"depth":117,"text":106159},{"id":106170,"depth":117,"text":106171},{"id":106177,"depth":117,"text":106178},{"id":106252,"depth":117,"text":106366},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104361,"description":106368},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106375,"title":106376,"body":106377,"description":107892,"extension":1988,"meta":107893,"navigation":113,"path":107894,"seo":107895,"stem":107896,"__hash__":107897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106378,"toc":107868},[106379,106385,106390,106393,106476,106481,106486,106491,106493,106506,106510,106512,106531,106534,106557,106560,106571,106573,106654,106656,106673,106675,106681,106684,106779,106781,106812,106814,106822,106824,106827,106938,106940,106965,106967,106989,106994,106999,107005,107114,107116,107132,107135,107138,107221,107223,107240,107248,107250,107254,107260,107351,107353,107386,107391,107398,107475,107477,107494,107500,107502,107506,107522,107525,107551,107553,107614,107616,107739,107741,107792,107798,107800,107805,107807,107813,107816,107820,107823,107827,107830,107840,107842,107865],[10,106380,13,106382,11324],{"id":106381},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106383,106384],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106386,2005,106387,106389],{},[15,106388,106384],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106391,106392],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[50,106394,106396],{"className":52,"code":106395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106397,106398,106418,106438,106442,106461,106471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106399,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106401,2572],{"class":65},[59,106403,70],{"class":69},[59,106405,10491],{"class":73},[59,106407,187],{"class":178},[59,106409,87],{"class":73},[59,106411,3009],{"class":178},[59,106413,87],{"class":73},[59,106415,2469],{"class":178},[59,106417,9309],{"class":73},[59,106419,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106421,2600],{"class":65},[59,106423,70],{"class":69},[59,106425,10491],{"class":73},[59,106427,195],{"class":178},[59,106429,87],{"class":73},[59,106431,2469],{"class":178},[59,106433,87],{"class":73},[59,106435,2475],{"class":178},[59,106437,9309],{"class":73},[59,106439,106440],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,106441,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106443,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106455,106457,106459],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,106445,692],{"class":65},[59,106447,70],{"class":69},[59,106449,56693],{"class":65},[59,106451,358],{"class":73},[59,106453,106454],{"class":142},"intersection",[59,106456,139],{"class":73},[59,106458,442],{"class":142},[59,106460,165],{"class":73},[59,106462,106463,106465,106467,106469],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,106464,715],{"class":135},[59,106466,139],{"class":73},[59,106468,720],{"class":142},[59,106470,165],{"class":73},[59,106472,106473],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,106474,106475],{"class":3678},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106477,201,106478,106480],{},[15,106479,102602],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[45,106482,12998,106484,13001],{"id":106483},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106485,102602],{},[20,106487,106488,106490],{},[15,106489,102602],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106492,13054],{},[29,106494,106495,106498,106500,106503],{},[32,106496,106497],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[32,106499,100372],{},[32,106501,106502],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[32,106504,106505],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106507,96135,106508,358],{},[354,106509,96139],{"href":96138},[45,106511,362],{"id":361},[50,106513,106515],{"className":52,"code":106514,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106516,106517],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106518,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106520,100396],{"class":65},[59,106522,358],{"class":73},[59,106524,106454],{"class":142},[59,106526,139],{"class":73},[59,106528,100405],{"class":142},[59,106530,165],{"class":73},[20,106532,106533],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[50,106535,106537],{"className":52,"code":106536,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106538,106539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106540,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106542,100396],{"class":65},[59,106544,358],{"class":73},[59,106546,106454],{"class":142},[59,106548,139],{"class":73},[59,106550,100405],{"class":142},[59,106552,87],{"class":73},[59,106554,100432],{"class":142},[59,106556,165],{"class":73},[20,106558,106559],{},"Important notes:",[29,106561,106562,106565,106568],{},[32,106563,106564],{},"The result is always a new set",[32,106566,106567],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[32,106569,106570],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106572,239],{},[50,106574,106576],{"className":52,"code":106575,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106577,106578,106602,106622,106626,106644],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106579,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106581,2572],{"class":65},[59,106583,70],{"class":69},[59,106585,10491],{"class":73},[59,106587,187],{"class":178},[59,106589,87],{"class":73},[59,106591,3009],{"class":178},[59,106593,87],{"class":73},[59,106595,2469],{"class":178},[59,106597,87],{"class":73},[59,106599,2475],{"class":178},[59,106601,9309],{"class":73},[59,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106605,2600],{"class":65},[59,106607,70],{"class":69},[59,106609,10491],{"class":73},[59,106611,950],{"class":178},[59,106613,87],{"class":73},[59,106615,2475],{"class":178},[59,106617,87],{"class":73},[59,106619,4621],{"class":178},[59,106621,9309],{"class":73},[59,106623,106624],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,106625,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106627,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,106629,692],{"class":65},[59,106631,70],{"class":69},[59,106633,56693],{"class":65},[59,106635,358],{"class":73},[59,106637,106454],{"class":142},[59,106639,139],{"class":73},[59,106641,442],{"class":142},[59,106643,165],{"class":73},[59,106645,106646,106648,106650,106652],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,106647,715],{"class":135},[59,106649,139],{"class":73},[59,106651,720],{"class":142},[59,106653,165],{"class":73},[20,106655,168],{},[50,106657,106659],{"className":52,"code":106658,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106660,106661],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106664,893],{"class":73},[59,106666,950],{"class":178},[59,106668,87],{"class":73},[59,106670,2475],{"class":178},[59,106672,9309],{"class":73},[45,106674,17419],{"id":17418},[20,106676,106677,21972,106679,358],{},[15,106678,102602],{},[549,106680,6293],{},[20,106682,106683],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[50,106685,106687],{"className":52,"code":106686,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106688,106689,106709,106729,106733,106751,106755,106765],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106690,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106692,2572],{"class":65},[59,106694,70],{"class":69},[59,106696,10491],{"class":73},[59,106698,187],{"class":178},[59,106700,87],{"class":73},[59,106702,3009],{"class":178},[59,106704,87],{"class":73},[59,106706,2469],{"class":178},[59,106708,9309],{"class":73},[59,106710,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106712,2600],{"class":65},[59,106714,70],{"class":69},[59,106716,10491],{"class":73},[59,106718,195],{"class":178},[59,106720,87],{"class":73},[59,106722,2469],{"class":178},[59,106724,87],{"class":73},[59,106726,2475],{"class":178},[59,106728,9309],{"class":73},[59,106730,106731],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,106732,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106734,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747,106749],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,106736,692],{"class":65},[59,106738,70],{"class":69},[59,106740,56693],{"class":65},[59,106742,358],{"class":73},[59,106744,106454],{"class":142},[59,106746,139],{"class":73},[59,106748,442],{"class":142},[59,106750,165],{"class":73},[59,106752,106753],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,106754,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106756,106757,106759,106761,106763],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,106758,715],{"class":135},[59,106760,139],{"class":73},[59,106762,720],{"class":142},[59,106764,165],{"class":73},[59,106766,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,106768,715],{"class":135},[59,106770,139],{"class":73},[59,106772,3239],{"class":697},[59,106774,139],{"class":73},[59,106776,720],{"class":142},[59,106778,710],{"class":73},[20,106780,168],{},[50,106782,106784],{"className":52,"code":106783,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106785,106786,106798],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106787,106788,106790,106792,106794,106796],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106789,893],{"class":73},[59,106791,195],{"class":178},[59,106793,87],{"class":73},[59,106795,2469],{"class":178},[59,106797,9309],{"class":73},[59,106799,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106801,1769],{"class":69},[59,106803,3310],{"class":887},[59,106805,1734],{"class":77},[59,106807,6293],{"class":81},[59,106809,1725],{"class":77},[59,106811,1788],{"class":69},[20,106813,85620],{},[29,106815,106816,106819],{},[32,106817,106818],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[32,106820,106821],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[45,106823,11478],{"id":11477},[20,106825,106826],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[50,106828,106830],{"className":52,"code":106829,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106831,106832,106865,106898,106902,106923,106927],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106833,106834,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106835,106836],{"class":65},"colors1 ",[59,106838,70],{"class":69},[59,106840,10491],{"class":73},[59,106842,78],{"class":77},[59,106844,82],{"class":81},[59,106846,78],{"class":77},[59,106848,87],{"class":73},[59,106850,90],{"class":77},[59,106852,102],{"class":81},[59,106854,78],{"class":77},[59,106856,87],{"class":73},[59,106858,90],{"class":77},[59,106860,93],{"class":81},[59,106862,78],{"class":77},[59,106864,9309],{"class":73},[59,106866,106867,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,106868,106869],{"class":65},"colors2 ",[59,106871,70],{"class":69},[59,106873,10491],{"class":73},[59,106875,78],{"class":77},[59,106877,93],{"class":81},[59,106879,78],{"class":77},[59,106881,87],{"class":73},[59,106883,90],{"class":77},[59,106885,22519],{"class":81},[59,106887,78],{"class":77},[59,106889,87],{"class":73},[59,106891,90],{"class":77},[59,106893,102],{"class":81},[59,106895,78],{"class":77},[59,106897,9309],{"class":73},[59,106899,106900],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,106901,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106903,106904,106907,106909,106912,106914,106916,106918,106921],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,106905,106906],{"class":65},"common_colors ",[59,106908,70],{"class":69},[59,106910,106911],{"class":65}," colors1",[59,106913,358],{"class":73},[59,106915,106454],{"class":142},[59,106917,139],{"class":73},[59,106919,106920],{"class":142},"colors2",[59,106922,165],{"class":73},[59,106924,106925],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,106926,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,106928,106929,106931,106933,106936],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,106930,715],{"class":135},[59,106932,139],{"class":73},[59,106934,106935],{"class":142},"common_colors",[59,106937,165],{"class":73},[20,106939,168],{},[50,106941,106943],{"className":52,"code":106942,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106944,106945],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,106946,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,106948,893],{"class":73},[59,106950,1725],{"class":77},[59,106952,102],{"class":81},[59,106954,1725],{"class":77},[59,106956,87],{"class":73},[59,106958,1734],{"class":77},[59,106960,93],{"class":81},[59,106962,1725],{"class":77},[59,106964,9309],{"class":73},[20,106966,11687],{},[29,106968,106969,106975,106979,106984],{},[32,106970,106971,106974],{},[15,106972,106973],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[32,106976,106977,106974],{},[15,106978,106920],{},[32,106980,106981,106983],{},[15,106982,102602],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[32,106985,106986,106987],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106988,106935],{},[45,106990,1599,106992,100969],{"id":106991},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106993,102602],{},[20,106995,106996,106997,358],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106998,102602],{},[20,107000,107001,107002,107004],{},"Only the values found in ",[549,107003,3730],{}," inputs will be kept.",[50,107006,107008],{"className":52,"code":107007,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107009,107010,107034,107058,107078,107082,107104],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107011,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107013,2572],{"class":65},[59,107015,70],{"class":69},[59,107017,10491],{"class":73},[59,107019,187],{"class":178},[59,107021,87],{"class":73},[59,107023,3009],{"class":178},[59,107025,87],{"class":73},[59,107027,2469],{"class":178},[59,107029,87],{"class":73},[59,107031,2475],{"class":178},[59,107033,9309],{"class":73},[59,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107037,2600],{"class":65},[59,107039,70],{"class":69},[59,107041,10491],{"class":73},[59,107043,195],{"class":178},[59,107045,87],{"class":73},[59,107047,2469],{"class":178},[59,107049,87],{"class":73},[59,107051,2475],{"class":178},[59,107053,87],{"class":73},[59,107055,4621],{"class":178},[59,107057,9309],{"class":73},[59,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107061,82994],{"class":65},[59,107063,70],{"class":69},[59,107065,10491],{"class":73},[59,107067,950],{"class":178},[59,107069,87],{"class":73},[59,107071,2475],{"class":178},[59,107073,87],{"class":73},[59,107075,37441],{"class":178},[59,107077,9309],{"class":73},[59,107079,107080],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107081,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107083,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,107085,692],{"class":65},[59,107087,70],{"class":69},[59,107089,56693],{"class":65},[59,107091,358],{"class":73},[59,107093,106454],{"class":142},[59,107095,139],{"class":73},[59,107097,442],{"class":142},[59,107099,87],{"class":73},[59,107101,9682],{"class":142},[59,107103,165],{"class":73},[59,107105,107106,107108,107110,107112],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,107107,715],{"class":135},[59,107109,139],{"class":73},[59,107111,720],{"class":142},[59,107113,165],{"class":73},[20,107115,168],{},[50,107117,107118],{"className":52,"code":106658,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,107119,107120],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107121,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107123,893],{"class":73},[59,107125,950],{"class":178},[59,107127,87],{"class":73},[59,107129,2475],{"class":178},[59,107131,9309],{"class":73},[20,107133,107134],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107136,107137],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[50,107139,107141],{"className":52,"code":107140,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107142,107143,107167,107171,107211],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107146,2572],{"class":65},[59,107148,70],{"class":69},[59,107150,10491],{"class":73},[59,107152,187],{"class":178},[59,107154,87],{"class":73},[59,107156,3009],{"class":178},[59,107158,87],{"class":73},[59,107160,2469],{"class":178},[59,107162,87],{"class":73},[59,107164,2475],{"class":178},[59,107166,9309],{"class":73},[59,107168,107169],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107170,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107172,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107174,692],{"class":65},[59,107176,70],{"class":69},[59,107178,56693],{"class":65},[59,107180,358],{"class":73},[59,107182,106454],{"class":142},[59,107184,1629],{"class":73},[59,107186,195],{"class":178},[59,107188,87],{"class":73},[59,107190,2475],{"class":178},[59,107192,87],{"class":73},[59,107194,37441],{"class":178},[59,107196,1697],{"class":73},[59,107198,747],{"class":73},[59,107200,187],{"class":178},[59,107202,87],{"class":73},[59,107204,3009],{"class":178},[59,107206,87],{"class":73},[59,107208,2475],{"class":178},[59,107210,710],{"class":73},[59,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107214,715],{"class":135},[59,107216,139],{"class":73},[59,107218,720],{"class":142},[59,107220,165],{"class":73},[20,107222,168],{},[50,107224,107226],{"className":52,"code":107225,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107227,107228],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107229,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107231,893],{"class":73},[59,107233,195],{"class":178},[59,107235,87],{"class":73},[59,107237,2475],{"class":178},[59,107239,9309],{"class":73},[45,107241,107243,10586,107245],{"id":107242},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107244,102602],{},[15,107246,107247],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107249,101139],{},[1127,107251,107252],{"id":106454},[15,107253,102602],{},[29,107255,107256,107258],{},[32,107257,101148],{},[32,107259,101151],{},[50,107261,107263],{"className":52,"code":107262,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107264,107265,107285,107305,107309,107327,107331,107341],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107266,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107268,2572],{"class":65},[59,107270,70],{"class":69},[59,107272,10491],{"class":73},[59,107274,187],{"class":178},[59,107276,87],{"class":73},[59,107278,3009],{"class":178},[59,107280,87],{"class":73},[59,107282,2469],{"class":178},[59,107284,9309],{"class":73},[59,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107288,2600],{"class":65},[59,107290,70],{"class":69},[59,107292,10491],{"class":73},[59,107294,195],{"class":178},[59,107296,87],{"class":73},[59,107298,2469],{"class":178},[59,107300,87],{"class":73},[59,107302,2475],{"class":178},[59,107304,9309],{"class":73},[59,107306,107307],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107308,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107310,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107312,692],{"class":65},[59,107314,70],{"class":69},[59,107316,56693],{"class":65},[59,107318,358],{"class":73},[59,107320,106454],{"class":142},[59,107322,139],{"class":73},[59,107324,442],{"class":142},[59,107326,165],{"class":73},[59,107328,107329],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,107330,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107332,107333,107335,107337,107339],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,107334,715],{"class":135},[59,107336,139],{"class":73},[59,107338,354],{"class":142},[59,107340,165],{"class":73},[59,107342,107343,107345,107347,107349],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,107344,715],{"class":135},[59,107346,139],{"class":73},[59,107348,720],{"class":142},[59,107350,165],{"class":73},[20,107352,168],{},[50,107354,107356],{"className":52,"code":107355,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107357,107358,107374],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107359,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107361,893],{"class":73},[59,107363,187],{"class":178},[59,107365,87],{"class":73},[59,107367,3009],{"class":178},[59,107369,87],{"class":73},[59,107371,2469],{"class":178},[59,107373,9309],{"class":73},[59,107375,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107377,893],{"class":73},[59,107379,195],{"class":178},[59,107381,87],{"class":73},[59,107383,2469],{"class":178},[59,107385,9309],{"class":73},[1127,107387,107389],{"id":107388},"intersection_update",[15,107390,107247],{},[29,107392,107393,107395],{},[32,107394,101291],{},[32,107396,107397],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[50,107399,107401],{"className":52,"code":107400,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107402,107403,107423,107443,107447,107461,107465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419,107421],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107406,2572],{"class":65},[59,107408,70],{"class":69},[59,107410,10491],{"class":73},[59,107412,187],{"class":178},[59,107414,87],{"class":73},[59,107416,3009],{"class":178},[59,107418,87],{"class":73},[59,107420,2469],{"class":178},[59,107422,9309],{"class":73},[59,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107426,2600],{"class":65},[59,107428,70],{"class":69},[59,107430,10491],{"class":73},[59,107432,195],{"class":178},[59,107434,87],{"class":73},[59,107436,2469],{"class":178},[59,107438,87],{"class":73},[59,107440,2475],{"class":178},[59,107442,9309],{"class":73},[59,107444,107445],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107446,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107448,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107450,354],{"class":65},[59,107452,358],{"class":73},[59,107454,107388],{"class":142},[59,107456,139],{"class":73},[59,107458,442],{"class":142},[59,107460,165],{"class":73},[59,107462,107463],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,107464,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107466,107467,107469,107471,107473],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,107468,715],{"class":135},[59,107470,139],{"class":73},[59,107472,354],{"class":142},[59,107474,165],{"class":73},[20,107476,168],{},[50,107478,107480],{"className":52,"code":107479,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107481,107482],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107483,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107485,893],{"class":73},[59,107487,195],{"class":178},[59,107489,87],{"class":73},[59,107491,2469],{"class":178},[59,107493,9309],{"class":73},[20,107495,107496,107497,107499],{},"Choose ",[15,107498,102602],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[45,107501,4534],{"id":4533},[20,107503,14733,107504,1002],{},[15,107505,102602],{},[29,107507,107508,107511,107514,107517],{},[32,107509,107510],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[32,107512,107513],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[32,107515,107516],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[32,107518,107519,107520],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107521,102602],{},[20,107523,107524],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[29,107526,107527,107532,107535,107548],{},[32,107528,1599,107529,107531],{},[15,107530,102602],{}," when order matters",[32,107533,107534],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[32,107536,1605,107537,1608,107539,2896,107544],{},[15,107538,102602],{},[354,107540,107542],{"href":107541},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107543,102610],{},[354,107545,107546],{"href":102651},[15,107547,100225],{},[32,107549,107550],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107552,30123],{},[50,107554,107556],{"className":52,"code":107555,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107557,107558,107568,107582,107600],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107561,715],{"class":135},[59,107563,139],{"class":73},[59,107565,15667],{"class":142},[59,107567,165],{"class":73},[59,107569,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107571,715],{"class":135},[59,107573,139],{"class":73},[59,107575,3239],{"class":697},[59,107577,139],{"class":73},[59,107579,720],{"class":142},[59,107581,710],{"class":73},[59,107583,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107585,715],{"class":135},[59,107587,139],{"class":73},[59,107589,100396],{"class":142},[59,107591,358],{"class":73},[59,107593,106454],{"class":142},[59,107595,139],{"class":73},[59,107597,100405],{"class":142},[59,107599,710],{"class":73},[59,107601,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107603,715],{"class":135},[59,107605,139],{"class":73},[59,107607,11163],{"class":135},[59,107609,139],{"class":73},[59,107611,720],{"class":142},[59,107613,710],{"class":73},[20,107615,239],{},[50,107617,107619],{"className":52,"code":107618,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107620,107621,107645,107665,107669,107687,107691,107701,107711,107725],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107624,664],{"class":65},[59,107626,70],{"class":69},[59,107628,10491],{"class":73},[59,107630,187],{"class":178},[59,107632,87],{"class":73},[59,107634,3009],{"class":178},[59,107636,87],{"class":73},[59,107638,3009],{"class":178},[59,107640,87],{"class":73},[59,107642,2469],{"class":178},[59,107644,9309],{"class":73},[59,107646,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107648,43350],{"class":65},[59,107650,70],{"class":69},[59,107652,10491],{"class":73},[59,107654,195],{"class":178},[59,107656,87],{"class":73},[59,107658,2469],{"class":178},[59,107660,87],{"class":73},[59,107662,2475],{"class":178},[59,107664,9309],{"class":73},[59,107666,107667],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107668,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107672,692],{"class":65},[59,107674,70],{"class":69},[59,107676,4277],{"class":65},[59,107678,358],{"class":73},[59,107680,106454],{"class":142},[59,107682,139],{"class":73},[59,107684,30731],{"class":142},[59,107686,165],{"class":73},[59,107688,107689],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,107690,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107692,107693,107695,107697,107699],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,107694,715],{"class":135},[59,107696,139],{"class":73},[59,107698,707],{"class":142},[59,107700,165],{"class":73},[59,107702,107703,107705,107707,107709],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,107704,715],{"class":135},[59,107706,139],{"class":73},[59,107708,720],{"class":142},[59,107710,165],{"class":73},[59,107712,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,107714,715],{"class":135},[59,107716,139],{"class":73},[59,107718,3239],{"class":697},[59,107720,139],{"class":73},[59,107722,720],{"class":142},[59,107724,710],{"class":73},[59,107726,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,107728,715],{"class":135},[59,107730,139],{"class":73},[59,107732,11163],{"class":135},[59,107734,139],{"class":73},[59,107736,720],{"class":142},[59,107738,710],{"class":73},[20,107740,168],{},[50,107742,107744],{"className":52,"code":107743,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107745,107746,107762,107774,107788],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107747,107748,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107749,893],{"class":73},[59,107751,187],{"class":178},[59,107753,87],{"class":73},[59,107755,3009],{"class":178},[59,107757,87],{"class":73},[59,107759,2469],{"class":178},[59,107761,9309],{"class":73},[59,107763,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107765,893],{"class":73},[59,107767,195],{"class":178},[59,107769,87],{"class":73},[59,107771,2469],{"class":178},[59,107773,9309],{"class":73},[59,107775,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107777,1769],{"class":69},[59,107779,3310],{"class":887},[59,107781,1734],{"class":77},[59,107783,6293],{"class":81},[59,107785,1725],{"class":77},[59,107787,1788],{"class":69},[59,107789,107790],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107791,17056],{"class":178},[20,107793,107794,107795,107797],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107796,195],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[45,107799,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,107801,1882,107803,102550],{"id":107802},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107804,102602],{},[20,107806,102553],{},[1127,107808,1914,107810,107812],{"id":107809},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107811,102602],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107814,107815],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1127,107817,107819],{"id":107818},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107821,107822],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1127,107824,107826],{"id":107825},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107828,107829],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[50,107831,107832],{"className":52,"code":97269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,107833,107834],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107835,107836,107838],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107837,6293],{"class":697},[59,107839,8647],{"class":73},[45,107841,1927],{"id":1926},[29,107843,107844,107848,107855,107861],{},[32,107845,107846],{},[354,107847,96139],{"href":96138},[32,107849,107850],{},[354,107851,13,107852,10742],{"href":107541},[15,107853,107854],{},"set.union()",[32,107856,107857],{},[354,107858,13,107859,10742],{"href":102651},[15,107860,100230],{},[32,107862,107863],{},[354,107864,100155],{"href":105154},[1953,107866,107867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":107869},[107870,107872,107873,107874,107875,107877,107882,107883,107891],{"id":106483,"depth":110,"text":107871},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":106991,"depth":110,"text":107876},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107242,"depth":110,"text":107878,"children":107879},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107880,107881],{"id":106454,"depth":117,"text":102602},{"id":107388,"depth":117,"text":107247},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":107884},[107885,107887,107889,107890],{"id":107802,"depth":117,"text":107886},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107809,"depth":117,"text":107888},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107818,"depth":117,"text":107819},{"id":107825,"depth":117,"text":107826},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106376,"description":107892},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107899,"title":107900,"body":107901,"description":109137,"extension":1988,"meta":109138,"navigation":113,"path":109139,"seo":109140,"stem":109141,"__hash__":109142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107902,"toc":109104},[107903,107908,107914,107923,107925,108000,108005,108020,108030,108035,108039,108052,108056,108058,108073,108075,108091,108093,108168,108172,108175,108177,108194,108199,108254,108259,108271,108275,108278,108379,108381,108422,108425,108429,108436,108438,108463,108466,108484,108491,108497,108500,108582,108589,108592,108672,108681,108684,108689,108693,108707,108756,108761,108765,108776,108825,108836,108841,108845,108857,108906,108917,108919,108923,108946,108948,109005,109007,109021,109023,109029,109035,109041,109050,109054,109061,109065,109073,109075,109101],[10,107904,96011,107906,11324],{"id":107905},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107907,12765],{},[20,107909,107910,107913],{},[15,107911,107912],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107915,107916,107917,107919,107920,107922],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[549,107918,4647],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107921,12765],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[45,107924,48],{"id":47},[50,107926,107928],{"className":52,"code":107927,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107929,107930,107962,107976,107980,107990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,107931,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,107933,1251],{"class":65},[59,107935,70],{"class":69},[59,107937,10491],{"class":73},[59,107939,78],{"class":77},[59,107941,588],{"class":81},[59,107943,78],{"class":77},[59,107945,87],{"class":73},[59,107947,90],{"class":77},[59,107949,597],{"class":81},[59,107951,78],{"class":77},[59,107953,87],{"class":73},[59,107955,90],{"class":77},[59,107957,4110],{"class":81},[59,107959,78],{"class":77},[59,107961,9309],{"class":73},[59,107963,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,107965,69742],{"class":65},[59,107967,70],{"class":69},[59,107969,5972],{"class":65},[59,107971,358],{"class":73},[59,107973,26231],{"class":142},[59,107975,8647],{"class":73},[59,107977,107978],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,107979,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,107983,715],{"class":135},[59,107985,139],{"class":73},[59,107987,69765],{"class":142},[59,107989,165],{"class":73},[59,107991,107992,107994,107996,107998],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,107993,715],{"class":135},[59,107995,139],{"class":73},[59,107997,1297],{"class":142},[59,107999,165],{"class":73},[20,108001,108002],{},[549,108003,108004],{},"What this does:",[29,108006,108007,108012,108017],{},[32,108008,108009,108010],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108011,1297],{},[32,108013,108014,108015],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108016,69765],{},[32,108018,108019],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108021,108022,88771,108024,108026,108027,108029],{},[549,108023,83629],{},[15,108025,107912],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[549,108028,4647],{}," chosen by index.",[45,108031,208,108033,211],{"id":108032},"what-setpop-does",[15,108034,107912],{},[20,108036,108037,1002],{},[15,108038,107912],{},[29,108040,108041,108043,108046,108049],{},[32,108042,102853],{},[32,108044,108045],{},"Returns the removed item",[32,108047,108048],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[32,108050,108051],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108053,96135,108054,358],{},[354,108055,96139],{"href":97310},[45,108057,362],{"id":361},[50,108059,108061],{"className":52,"code":108060,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108062,108063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108064,108065,108067,108069,108071],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108066,15667],{"class":65},[59,108068,358],{"class":73},[59,108070,26231],{"class":142},[59,108072,8647],{"class":73},[20,108074,13054],{},[29,108076,108077,108083,108088],{},[32,108078,108079,108080],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108081,108082],{},"my_set.pop()",[32,108084,108085,108086],{},"It takes ",[549,108087,28678],{},[32,108089,108090],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108092,239],{},[50,108094,108096],{"className":52,"code":108095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108097,108098,108130,108144,108148,108158],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108099,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108101,66],{"class":65},[59,108103,70],{"class":69},[59,108105,10491],{"class":73},[59,108107,78],{"class":77},[59,108109,82],{"class":81},[59,108111,78],{"class":77},[59,108113,87],{"class":73},[59,108115,90],{"class":77},[59,108117,102],{"class":81},[59,108119,78],{"class":77},[59,108121,87],{"class":73},[59,108123,90],{"class":77},[59,108125,93],{"class":81},[59,108127,78],{"class":77},[59,108129,9309],{"class":73},[59,108131,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108133,28528],{"class":65},[59,108135,70],{"class":69},[59,108137,1558],{"class":65},[59,108139,358],{"class":73},[59,108141,26231],{"class":142},[59,108143,8647],{"class":73},[59,108145,108146],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108147,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,108149,108150,108152,108154,108156],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,108151,715],{"class":135},[59,108153,139],{"class":73},[59,108155,23304],{"class":142},[59,108157,165],{"class":73},[59,108159,108160,108162,108164,108166],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,108161,715],{"class":135},[59,108163,139],{"class":73},[59,108165,143],{"class":142},[59,108167,165],{"class":73},[45,108169,108171],{"id":108170},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108173,108174],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108176,2130],{},[29,108178,108179,108185,108188],{},[32,108180,108181,108182,108184],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108183,12765],{}," removes",[32,108186,108187],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[32,108189,108190,108191,108193],{},"You should not use ",[15,108192,12765],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108195,10461,108196,108198],{},[549,108197,4647],{}," valid:",[50,108200,108202],{"className":52,"code":108201,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108203,108204,108236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108205,108206,108208,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108207,579],{"class":65},[59,108209,70],{"class":69},[59,108211,10491],{"class":73},[59,108213,78],{"class":77},[59,108215,588],{"class":81},[59,108217,78],{"class":77},[59,108219,87],{"class":73},[59,108221,90],{"class":77},[59,108223,597],{"class":81},[59,108225,78],{"class":77},[59,108227,87],{"class":73},[59,108229,90],{"class":77},[59,108231,4110],{"class":81},[59,108233,78],{"class":77},[59,108235,9309],{"class":73},[59,108237,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108239,634],{"class":65},[59,108241,358],{"class":73},[59,108243,26231],{"class":142},[59,108245,139],{"class":73},[59,108247,78],{"class":77},[59,108249,588],{"class":81},[59,108251,78],{"class":77},[59,108253,165],{"class":73},[20,108255,39452,108256,108258],{},[15,108257,107912],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108260,108261,108262,2896,108266,358],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[354,108263,108264],{"href":98020},[15,108265,102679],{},[354,108267,108269],{"href":108268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108270,102670],{},[45,108272,108274],{"id":108273},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108276,108277],{},"Here is a simple example:",[50,108279,108281],{"className":52,"code":108280,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108282,108283,108317,108321,108337,108341,108360],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108284,108285,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302,108304,108306,108308,108310,108313,108315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108286,108287],{"class":65},"animals ",[59,108289,70],{"class":69},[59,108291,10491],{"class":73},[59,108293,78],{"class":77},[59,108295,1439],{"class":81},[59,108297,78],{"class":77},[59,108299,87],{"class":73},[59,108301,90],{"class":77},[59,108303,57933],{"class":81},[59,108305,78],{"class":77},[59,108307,87],{"class":73},[59,108309,90],{"class":77},[59,108311,108312],{"class":81},"rabbit",[59,108314,78],{"class":77},[59,108316,9309],{"class":73},[59,108318,108319],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108320,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,108322,108323,108326,108328,108331,108333,108335],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108324,108325],{"class":65},"removed_animal ",[59,108327,70],{"class":69},[59,108329,108330],{"class":65}," animals",[59,108332,358],{"class":73},[59,108334,26231],{"class":142},[59,108336,8647],{"class":73},[59,108338,108339],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,108340,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,108342,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108358],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,108344,715],{"class":135},[59,108346,139],{"class":73},[59,108348,78],{"class":77},[59,108350,28946],{"class":81},[59,108352,78],{"class":77},[59,108354,87],{"class":73},[59,108356,108357],{"class":142}," removed_animal",[59,108359,165],{"class":73},[59,108361,108362,108364,108366,108368,108371,108373,108375,108377],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,108363,715],{"class":135},[59,108365,139],{"class":73},[59,108367,78],{"class":77},[59,108369,108370],{"class":81},"Updated set:",[59,108372,78],{"class":77},[59,108374,87],{"class":73},[59,108376,108330],{"class":142},[59,108378,165],{"class":73},[20,108380,30017],{},[50,108382,108384],{"className":52,"code":108383,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108385,108386,108395],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108387,108388,108390,108392],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108389,28988],{"class":65},[59,108391,1002],{"class":73},[59,108393,108394],{"class":65}," dog\n",[59,108396,108397,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108398,108399],{"class":65},"Updated ",[59,108401,6293],{"class":697},[59,108403,1002],{"class":73},[59,108405,10491],{"class":73},[59,108407,1725],{"class":77},[59,108409,1439],{"class":81},[59,108411,1725],{"class":77},[59,108413,87],{"class":73},[59,108415,1734],{"class":77},[59,108417,108312],{"class":81},[59,108419,1725],{"class":77},[59,108421,9309],{"class":73},[20,108423,108424],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[45,108426,108428],{"id":108427},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108430,29638,108431,108433,108434,358],{},[15,108432,12765],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108435,19686],{},[20,108437,239],{},[50,108439,108441],{"className":52,"code":108440,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108442,108443,108453],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108444,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108446,1251],{"class":65},[59,108448,70],{"class":69},[59,108450,15634],{"class":697},[59,108452,8647],{"class":73},[59,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108456,1297],{"class":65},[59,108458,358],{"class":73},[59,108460,26231],{"class":142},[59,108462,8647],{"class":73},[20,108464,108465],{},"This raises:",[50,108467,108469],{"className":52,"code":108468,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108470,108471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108472,108473,108475,108477,108479,108482],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108474,19686],{"class":697},[59,108476,1002],{"class":73},[59,108478,1734],{"class":77},[59,108480,108481],{"class":81},"pop from an empty set",[59,108483,29688],{"class":77},[20,108485,108486,108487,108490],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[354,108488,108489],{"href":11076},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1127,108492,108494,108495],{"id":108493},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108496,12765],{},[20,108498,108499],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[50,108501,108503],{"className":52,"code":108502,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108504,108505,108515,108519,108527,108542,108561,108567],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108506,108507,108509,108511,108513],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108508,1251],{"class":65},[59,108510,70],{"class":69},[59,108512,15634],{"class":697},[59,108514,8647],{"class":73},[59,108516,108517],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108518,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,108520,108521,108523,108525],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108522,7004],{"class":120},[59,108524,5972],{"class":65},[59,108526,1561],{"class":73},[59,108528,108529,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,108530,108531],{"class":65},"    removed ",[59,108533,70],{"class":69},[59,108535,5972],{"class":65},[59,108537,358],{"class":73},[59,108539,26231],{"class":142},[59,108541,8647],{"class":73},[59,108543,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108559],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,108545,152],{"class":135},[59,108547,139],{"class":73},[59,108549,78],{"class":77},[59,108551,28946],{"class":81},[59,108553,78],{"class":77},[59,108555,87],{"class":73},[59,108557,108558],{"class":142}," removed",[59,108560,165],{"class":73},[59,108562,108563,108565],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,108564,27424],{"class":120},[59,108566,1561],{"class":73},[59,108568,108569,108571,108573,108575,108578,108580],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,108570,152],{"class":135},[59,108572,139],{"class":73},[59,108574,78],{"class":77},[59,108576,108577],{"class":81},"The set is empty.",[59,108579,78],{"class":77},[59,108581,165],{"class":73},[1127,108583,201,108585,4408,108587],{"id":108584},"use-try-and-except",[15,108586,29792],{},[15,108588,29823],{},[20,108590,108591],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[50,108593,108595],{"className":52,"code":108594,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108596,108597,108607,108611,108617,108631,108649,108657],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108598,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108600,1251],{"class":65},[59,108602,70],{"class":69},[59,108604,15634],{"class":697},[59,108606,8647],{"class":73},[59,108608,108609],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108610,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,108612,108613,108615],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108614,29792],{"class":120},[59,108616,1561],{"class":73},[59,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,108620,108531],{"class":65},[59,108622,70],{"class":69},[59,108624,5972],{"class":65},[59,108626,358],{"class":73},[59,108628,26231],{"class":142},[59,108630,8647],{"class":73},[59,108632,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,108634,152],{"class":135},[59,108636,139],{"class":73},[59,108638,78],{"class":77},[59,108640,28946],{"class":81},[59,108642,78],{"class":77},[59,108644,87],{"class":73},[59,108646,108558],{"class":142},[59,108648,165],{"class":73},[59,108650,108651,108653,108655],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,108652,29823],{"class":120},[59,108654,29826],{"class":697},[59,108656,1561],{"class":73},[59,108658,108659,108661,108663,108665,108668,108670],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,108660,152],{"class":135},[59,108662,139],{"class":73},[59,108664,78],{"class":77},[59,108666,108667],{"class":81},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[59,108669,78],{"class":77},[59,108671,165],{"class":73},[45,108673,776,108675,10586,108677,10586,108679],{"id":108674},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108676,12765],{},[15,108678,55334],{},[15,108680,102665],{},[20,108682,108683],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1127,108685,201,108687],{"id":108686},"use-pop",[15,108688,12765],{},[20,108690,201,108691,10602],{},[15,108692,12765],{},[29,108694,108695,108701,108704],{},[32,108696,108697,108698],{},"You want to remove ",[549,108699,108700],{},"any one item",[32,108702,108703],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[32,108705,108706],{},"You want the removed item returned",[50,108708,108710],{"className":52,"code":108709,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108711,108712,108732,108746],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108713,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108715,664],{"class":65},[59,108717,70],{"class":69},[59,108719,10491],{"class":73},[59,108721,187],{"class":178},[59,108723,87],{"class":73},[59,108725,3009],{"class":178},[59,108727,87],{"class":73},[59,108729,2469],{"class":178},[59,108731,9309],{"class":73},[59,108733,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108735,2464],{"class":65},[59,108737,70],{"class":69},[59,108739,4277],{"class":65},[59,108741,358],{"class":73},[59,108743,26231],{"class":142},[59,108745,8647],{"class":73},[59,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108749,715],{"class":135},[59,108751,139],{"class":73},[59,108753,1217],{"class":142},[59,108755,165],{"class":73},[1127,108757,201,108759],{"id":108758},"use-remove",[15,108760,55334],{},[20,108762,201,108763,10602],{},[15,108764,55334],{},[29,108766,108767,108773],{},[32,108768,108769,108770],{},"You want to delete a ",[549,108771,108772],{},"specific item",[32,108774,108775],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[50,108777,108779],{"className":52,"code":108778,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108780,108781,108801,108815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108784,664],{"class":65},[59,108786,70],{"class":69},[59,108788,10491],{"class":73},[59,108790,187],{"class":178},[59,108792,87],{"class":73},[59,108794,3009],{"class":178},[59,108796,87],{"class":73},[59,108798,2469],{"class":178},[59,108800,9309],{"class":73},[59,108802,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108804,707],{"class":65},[59,108806,358],{"class":73},[59,108808,34782],{"class":142},[59,108810,139],{"class":73},[59,108812,195],{"class":178},[59,108814,165],{"class":73},[59,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108818,715],{"class":135},[59,108820,139],{"class":73},[59,108822,707],{"class":142},[59,108824,165],{"class":73},[20,108826,108827,108828,108830,108831,108835],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108829,55334],{}," raises an error. See the ",[354,108832,108833,10742],{"href":98020},[15,108834,102679],{}," for details.",[1127,108837,201,108839],{"id":108838},"use-discard",[15,108840,102665],{},[20,108842,201,108843,10602],{},[15,108844,102665],{},[29,108846,108847,108851],{},[32,108848,108769,108849],{},[549,108850,108772],{},[32,108852,108853,108854,108856],{},"You do ",[549,108855,4647],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[50,108858,108860],{"className":52,"code":108859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108861,108862,108882,108896],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108863,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108865,664],{"class":65},[59,108867,70],{"class":69},[59,108869,10491],{"class":73},[59,108871,187],{"class":178},[59,108873,87],{"class":73},[59,108875,3009],{"class":178},[59,108877,87],{"class":73},[59,108879,2469],{"class":178},[59,108881,9309],{"class":73},[59,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108885,707],{"class":65},[59,108887,358],{"class":73},[59,108889,102732],{"class":142},[59,108891,139],{"class":73},[59,108893,2159],{"class":178},[59,108895,165],{"class":73},[59,108897,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108899,715],{"class":135},[59,108901,139],{"class":73},[59,108903,707],{"class":142},[59,108905,165],{"class":73},[20,108907,108908,108909,108911,108912,108916],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108910,2159],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[354,108913,108914,10742],{"href":108268},[15,108915,102670],{}," for more examples.",[45,108918,1579],{"id":1578},[20,108920,71288,108921,1002],{},[15,108922,107912],{},[29,108924,108925,108931,108936,108941],{},[32,108926,108927,108928],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108929,108930],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[32,108932,8456,108933,108935],{},[15,108934,12765],{}," to remove the first or last item",[32,108937,29638,108938,108940],{},[15,108939,12765],{}," on an empty set",[32,108942,1599,108943,108945],{},[15,108944,12765],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108947,62102],{},[50,108949,108951],{"className":52,"code":108950,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108952,108953,108963,108977,108991],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,108954,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,108956,715],{"class":135},[59,108958,139],{"class":73},[59,108960,15667],{"class":142},[59,108962,165],{"class":73},[59,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,108966,715],{"class":135},[59,108968,139],{"class":73},[59,108970,11163],{"class":135},[59,108972,139],{"class":73},[59,108974,15667],{"class":142},[59,108976,710],{"class":73},[59,108978,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,108980,715],{"class":135},[59,108982,139],{"class":73},[59,108984,3239],{"class":697},[59,108986,139],{"class":73},[59,108988,15667],{"class":142},[59,108990,710],{"class":73},[59,108992,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,108994,28528],{"class":65},[59,108996,70],{"class":69},[59,108998,96735],{"class":65},[59,109000,358],{"class":73},[59,109002,26231],{"class":142},[59,109004,8647],{"class":73},[20,109006,25998],{},[29,109008,109009,109012,109015,109018],{},[32,109010,109011],{},"What values are in the set",[32,109013,109014],{},"Whether the set is empty",[32,109016,109017],{},"That the object is really a set",[32,109019,109020],{},"What value was actually removed",[45,109022,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,109024,1882,109026,109028],{"id":109025},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109027,107912],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109030,109031,109032,109034],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109033,12765],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1127,109036,109038,109039,1905],{"id":109037},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109040,107912],{},[20,109042,109043,109044,109046,109047,109049],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109045,12765],{},", set ",[15,109048,12765],{}," does not accept an index.",[1127,109051,109053],{"id":109052},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109055,71457,109056,44431,109058,109060],{},[15,109057,19686],{},[15,109059,12765],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1127,109062,109064],{"id":109063},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109066,201,109067,2896,109069,999,109071,358],{},[15,109068,55334],{},[15,109070,102665],{},[15,109072,12765],{},[45,109074,1927],{"id":1926},[29,109076,109077,109081,109087,109093,109097],{},[32,109078,109079],{},[354,109080,96139],{"href":97310},[32,109082,109083],{},[354,109084,96625,109085,10742],{"href":98020},[15,109086,55334],{},[32,109088,109089],{},[354,109090,96625,109091,10742],{"href":108268},[15,109092,102665],{},[32,109094,109095],{},[354,109096,11264],{"href":11076},[32,109098,109099],{},[354,109100,55320],{"href":54872},[1953,109102,109103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":109105},[109106,109107,109109,109110,109111,109112,109118,109127,109128,109136],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":108032,"depth":110,"text":109108},"What set.pop() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":108170,"depth":110,"text":108171},{"id":108273,"depth":110,"text":108274},{"id":108427,"depth":110,"text":108428,"children":109113},[109114,109116],{"id":108493,"depth":117,"text":109115},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108584,"depth":117,"text":109117},"Use try and except",{"id":108674,"depth":110,"text":109119,"children":109120},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109121,109123,109125],{"id":108686,"depth":117,"text":109122},"Use pop()",{"id":108758,"depth":117,"text":109124},"Use remove()",{"id":108838,"depth":117,"text":109126},"Use discard()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":109129},[109130,109132,109134,109135],{"id":109025,"depth":117,"text":109131},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109037,"depth":117,"text":109133},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109052,"depth":117,"text":109053},{"id":109063,"depth":117,"text":109064},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107900,"description":109137},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109144,"title":109145,"body":109146,"description":110300,"extension":1988,"meta":110301,"navigation":113,"path":110302,"seo":110303,"stem":110304,"__hash__":110305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109147,"toc":110268},[109148,109153,109158,109167,109169,109234,109238,109262,109269,109274,109278,109293,109296,109298,109317,109331,109334,109382,109386,109402,109404,109477,109481,109506,109512,109520,109524,109531,109586,109591,109608,109614,109620,109625,109633,109640,109644,109652,109707,109709,109726,109730,109737,109802,109806,109839,109841,109853,109860,109862,109867,109874,109876,109945,109949,109957,109959,110023,110027,110032,110079,110084,110152,110160,110167,110170,110176,110181,110185,110187,110190,110192,110197,110202,110208,110213,110220,110228,110234,110237,110239,110265],[10,109149,96011,109151,11324],{"id":109150},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109152,55334],{},[20,109154,109155,109157],{},[15,109156,102679],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109159,109160,109161,109164,109165,358],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[549,109162,109163],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109166,19686],{},[45,109168,48],{"id":47},[50,109170,109172],{"className":52,"code":109171,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109173,109174,109206,109224],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109175,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109177,66],{"class":65},[59,109179,70],{"class":69},[59,109181,10491],{"class":73},[59,109183,78],{"class":77},[59,109185,82],{"class":81},[59,109187,78],{"class":77},[59,109189,87],{"class":73},[59,109191,90],{"class":77},[59,109193,102],{"class":81},[59,109195,78],{"class":77},[59,109197,87],{"class":73},[59,109199,90],{"class":77},[59,109201,93],{"class":81},[59,109203,78],{"class":77},[59,109205,9309],{"class":73},[59,109207,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109209,143],{"class":65},[59,109211,358],{"class":73},[59,109213,34782],{"class":142},[59,109215,139],{"class":73},[59,109217,78],{"class":77},[59,109219,102],{"class":81},[59,109221,78],{"class":77},[59,109223,165],{"class":73},[59,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,109227,715],{"class":135},[59,109229,139],{"class":73},[59,109231,143],{"class":142},[59,109233,165],{"class":73},[20,109235,109236],{},[549,109237,30017],{},[50,109239,109240],{"className":52,"code":103359,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,109241,109242],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109245,893],{"class":73},[59,109247,1725],{"class":77},[59,109249,82],{"class":81},[59,109251,1725],{"class":77},[59,109253,87],{"class":73},[59,109255,1734],{"class":77},[59,109257,93],{"class":81},[59,109259,1725],{"class":77},[59,109261,9309],{"class":73},[20,109263,201,109264,109266,109267,358],{},[15,109265,55334],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109268,19686],{},[45,109270,208,109272,211],{"id":109271},"what-setremove-does",[15,109273,102679],{},[20,109275,109276,1002],{},[15,109277,102679],{},[29,109279,109280,109283,109285,109287],{},[32,109281,109282],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[32,109284,96126],{},[32,109286,96129],{},[32,109288,109289,109290,109292],{},"Raises ",[15,109291,19686],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109294,109295],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[45,109297,362],{"id":361},[50,109299,109301],{"className":52,"code":109300,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109302,109303],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109304,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109306,15667],{"class":65},[59,109308,358],{"class":73},[59,109310,34782],{"class":142},[59,109312,139],{"class":73},[59,109314,1217],{"class":142},[59,109316,165],{"class":73},[29,109318,109319,109323,109328],{},[32,109320,109321,102901],{},[15,109322,15667],{},[32,109324,109325,109327],{},[15,109326,1217],{}," is the item to remove",[32,109329,109330],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109332,109333],{},"Here is a small example:",[50,109335,109336],{"className":52,"code":108778,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,109337,109338,109358,109372],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109339,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354,109356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109341,664],{"class":65},[59,109343,70],{"class":69},[59,109345,10491],{"class":73},[59,109347,187],{"class":178},[59,109349,87],{"class":73},[59,109351,3009],{"class":178},[59,109353,87],{"class":73},[59,109355,2469],{"class":178},[59,109357,9309],{"class":73},[59,109359,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109361,707],{"class":65},[59,109363,358],{"class":73},[59,109365,34782],{"class":142},[59,109367,139],{"class":73},[59,109369,195],{"class":178},[59,109371,165],{"class":73},[59,109373,109374,109376,109378,109380],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,109375,715],{"class":135},[59,109377,139],{"class":73},[59,109379,707],{"class":142},[59,109381,165],{"class":73},[20,109383,109384],{},[549,109385,30017],{},[50,109387,109388],{"className":52,"code":101109,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,109389,109390],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109393,893],{"class":73},[59,109395,187],{"class":178},[59,109397,87],{"class":73},[59,109399,2469],{"class":178},[59,109401,9309],{"class":73},[45,109403,11478],{"id":11477},[50,109405,109407],{"className":52,"code":109406,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109408,109409,109441,109445,109463,109467],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109410,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109412,579],{"class":65},[59,109414,70],{"class":69},[59,109416,10491],{"class":73},[59,109418,78],{"class":77},[59,109420,588],{"class":81},[59,109422,78],{"class":77},[59,109424,87],{"class":73},[59,109426,90],{"class":77},[59,109428,597],{"class":81},[59,109430,78],{"class":77},[59,109432,87],{"class":73},[59,109434,90],{"class":77},[59,109436,606],{"class":81},[59,109438,78],{"class":77},[59,109440,9309],{"class":73},[59,109442,109443],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109444,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,109446,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,109448,634],{"class":65},[59,109450,358],{"class":73},[59,109452,34782],{"class":142},[59,109454,139],{"class":73},[59,109456,78],{"class":77},[59,109458,597],{"class":81},[59,109460,78],{"class":77},[59,109462,165],{"class":73},[59,109464,109465],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,109466,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,109468,109469,109471,109473,109475],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,109470,715],{"class":135},[59,109472,139],{"class":73},[59,109474,634],{"class":142},[59,109476,165],{"class":73},[20,109478,109479],{},[549,109480,30017],{},[50,109482,109484],{"className":52,"code":109483,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109485,109486],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109487,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109489,893],{"class":73},[59,109491,1725],{"class":77},[59,109493,588],{"class":81},[59,109495,1725],{"class":77},[59,109497,87],{"class":73},[59,109499,1734],{"class":77},[59,109501,606],{"class":81},[59,109503,1725],{"class":77},[59,109505,9309],{"class":73},[20,109507,109508,109509,109511],{},"This removes ",[15,109510,65082],{}," from the set.",[20,109513,109514,109515,109517,109518,358],{},"A set does ",[549,109516,4647],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[354,109519,96143],{"href":97694},[45,109521,109523],{"id":109522},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109525,109526,109527,52299,109529,358],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109528,55334],{},[15,109530,19686],{},[50,109532,109534],{"className":52,"code":109533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109535,109536,109568],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109539,66],{"class":65},[59,109541,70],{"class":69},[59,109543,10491],{"class":73},[59,109545,78],{"class":77},[59,109547,82],{"class":81},[59,109549,78],{"class":77},[59,109551,87],{"class":73},[59,109553,90],{"class":77},[59,109555,102],{"class":81},[59,109557,78],{"class":77},[59,109559,87],{"class":73},[59,109561,90],{"class":77},[59,109563,93],{"class":81},[59,109565,78],{"class":77},[59,109567,9309],{"class":73},[59,109569,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109571,143],{"class":65},[59,109573,358],{"class":73},[59,109575,34782],{"class":142},[59,109577,139],{"class":73},[59,109579,78],{"class":77},[59,109581,22519],{"class":81},[59,109583,78],{"class":77},[59,109585,165],{"class":73},[20,109587,109588],{},[549,109589,109590],{},"Result:",[50,109592,109594],{"className":52,"code":109593,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109595,109596],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109597,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109599,19686],{"class":697},[59,109601,1002],{"class":73},[59,109603,1734],{"class":77},[59,109605,22519],{"class":81},[59,109607,29688],{"class":77},[20,109609,22186,109610,109613],{},[15,109611,109612],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109615,109616,109617,109619],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109618,55334],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109621,109622,109623,358],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[354,109624,11264],{"href":11076},[45,109626,4212,109628,109630,109631],{"id":109627},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109629,55334],{}," is different from ",[15,109632,102665],{},[20,109634,109635,4408,109637,109639],{},[15,109636,55334],{},[15,109638,102665],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1127,109641,109642],{"id":34782},[15,109643,55334],{},[29,109645,109646,109649],{},[32,109647,109648],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[32,109650,109651],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[50,109653,109655],{"className":52,"code":109654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109656,109657,109689],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109658,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109660,425],{"class":65},[59,109662,70],{"class":69},[59,109664,10491],{"class":73},[59,109666,78],{"class":77},[59,109668,354],{"class":81},[59,109670,78],{"class":77},[59,109672,87],{"class":73},[59,109674,90],{"class":77},[59,109676,442],{"class":81},[59,109678,78],{"class":77},[59,109680,87],{"class":73},[59,109682,90],{"class":77},[59,109684,451],{"class":81},[59,109686,78],{"class":77},[59,109688,9309],{"class":73},[59,109690,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109692,480],{"class":65},[59,109694,358],{"class":73},[59,109696,34782],{"class":142},[59,109698,139],{"class":73},[59,109700,78],{"class":77},[59,109702,18766],{"class":81},[59,109704,78],{"class":77},[59,109706,165],{"class":73},[20,109708,108465],{},[50,109710,109712],{"className":52,"code":109711,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109713,109714],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109715,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109717,19686],{"class":697},[59,109719,1002],{"class":73},[59,109721,1734],{"class":77},[59,109723,18766],{"class":81},[59,109725,29688],{"class":77},[1127,109727,109728],{"id":102732},[15,109729,102665],{},[29,109731,109732,109734],{},[32,109733,109648],{},[32,109735,109736],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[50,109738,109740],{"className":52,"code":109739,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109741,109742,109774,109792],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109743,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109745,425],{"class":65},[59,109747,70],{"class":69},[59,109749,10491],{"class":73},[59,109751,78],{"class":77},[59,109753,354],{"class":81},[59,109755,78],{"class":77},[59,109757,87],{"class":73},[59,109759,90],{"class":77},[59,109761,442],{"class":81},[59,109763,78],{"class":77},[59,109765,87],{"class":73},[59,109767,90],{"class":77},[59,109769,451],{"class":81},[59,109771,78],{"class":77},[59,109773,9309],{"class":73},[59,109775,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109777,480],{"class":65},[59,109779,358],{"class":73},[59,109781,102732],{"class":142},[59,109783,139],{"class":73},[59,109785,78],{"class":77},[59,109787,18766],{"class":81},[59,109789,78],{"class":77},[59,109791,165],{"class":73},[59,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,109795,715],{"class":135},[59,109797,139],{"class":73},[59,109799,480],{"class":142},[59,109801,165],{"class":73},[20,109803,109804],{},[549,109805,168],{},[50,109807,109809],{"className":52,"code":109808,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109810,109811],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109812,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109814,893],{"class":73},[59,109816,1725],{"class":77},[59,109818,354],{"class":81},[59,109820,1725],{"class":77},[59,109822,87],{"class":73},[59,109824,1734],{"class":77},[59,109826,442],{"class":81},[59,109828,1725],{"class":77},[59,109830,87],{"class":73},[59,109832,1734],{"class":77},[59,109834,451],{"class":81},[59,109836,1725],{"class":77},[59,109838,9309],{"class":73},[20,109840,18693],{},[29,109842,109843,109848],{},[32,109844,109845,109847],{},[15,109846,55334],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[32,109849,109850,109852],{},[15,109851,102665],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109854,109855,109856,358],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[354,109857,96625,109858,10742],{"href":108268},[15,109859,102665],{},[45,109861,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,109863,8456,109865,97005],{"id":109864},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109866,55334],{},[20,109868,109869,109871,109872,358],{},[15,109870,55334],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109873,3792],{},[20,109875,16644],{},[50,109877,109879],{"className":52,"code":109878,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109880,109881,109913,109935],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109882,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109884,66],{"class":65},[59,109886,70],{"class":69},[59,109888,10491],{"class":73},[59,109890,78],{"class":77},[59,109892,82],{"class":81},[59,109894,78],{"class":77},[59,109896,87],{"class":73},[59,109898,90],{"class":77},[59,109900,102],{"class":81},[59,109902,78],{"class":77},[59,109904,87],{"class":73},[59,109906,90],{"class":77},[59,109908,93],{"class":81},[59,109910,78],{"class":77},[59,109912,9309],{"class":73},[59,109914,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109916,13118],{"class":65},[59,109918,70],{"class":69},[59,109920,1558],{"class":65},[59,109922,358],{"class":73},[59,109924,34782],{"class":142},[59,109926,139],{"class":73},[59,109928,78],{"class":77},[59,109930,102],{"class":81},[59,109932,78],{"class":77},[59,109934,165],{"class":73},[59,109936,109937,109939,109941,109943],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,109938,715],{"class":135},[59,109940,139],{"class":73},[59,109942,13141],{"class":142},[59,109944,165],{"class":73},[20,109946,109947],{},[549,109948,168],{},[50,109950,109951],{"className":52,"code":11810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,109952,109953],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109954,109955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109956,11810],{"class":3867},[20,109958,16656],{},[50,109960,109961],{"className":52,"code":109171,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,109962,109963,109995,110013],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,109964,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,109966,66],{"class":65},[59,109968,70],{"class":69},[59,109970,10491],{"class":73},[59,109972,78],{"class":77},[59,109974,82],{"class":81},[59,109976,78],{"class":77},[59,109978,87],{"class":73},[59,109980,90],{"class":77},[59,109982,102],{"class":81},[59,109984,78],{"class":77},[59,109986,87],{"class":73},[59,109988,90],{"class":77},[59,109990,93],{"class":81},[59,109992,78],{"class":77},[59,109994,9309],{"class":73},[59,109996,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,109998,143],{"class":65},[59,110000,358],{"class":73},[59,110002,34782],{"class":142},[59,110004,139],{"class":73},[59,110006,78],{"class":77},[59,110008,102],{"class":81},[59,110010,78],{"class":77},[59,110012,165],{"class":73},[59,110014,110015,110017,110019,110021],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110016,715],{"class":135},[59,110018,139],{"class":73},[59,110020,143],{"class":142},[59,110022,165],{"class":73},[1127,110024,110026],{"id":110025},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110028,110029,110030,358],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110031,19686],{},[50,110033,110035],{"className":52,"code":110034,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110036,110037,110061],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110038,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110040,66],{"class":65},[59,110042,70],{"class":69},[59,110044,10491],{"class":73},[59,110046,78],{"class":77},[59,110048,82],{"class":81},[59,110050,78],{"class":77},[59,110052,87],{"class":73},[59,110054,90],{"class":77},[59,110056,102],{"class":81},[59,110058,78],{"class":77},[59,110060,9309],{"class":73},[59,110062,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110064,143],{"class":65},[59,110066,358],{"class":73},[59,110068,34782],{"class":142},[59,110070,139],{"class":73},[59,110072,78],{"class":77},[59,110074,93],{"class":81},[59,110076,78],{"class":77},[59,110078,165],{"class":73},[20,110080,110081,110082,1002],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110083,132],{},[50,110085,110087],{"className":52,"code":110086,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110088,110089,110113,110117,110133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110090,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110092,66],{"class":65},[59,110094,70],{"class":69},[59,110096,10491],{"class":73},[59,110098,78],{"class":77},[59,110100,82],{"class":81},[59,110102,78],{"class":77},[59,110104,87],{"class":73},[59,110106,90],{"class":77},[59,110108,102],{"class":81},[59,110110,78],{"class":77},[59,110112,9309],{"class":73},[59,110114,110115],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110116,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110118,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110120,7004],{"class":120},[59,110122,90],{"class":77},[59,110124,93],{"class":81},[59,110126,78],{"class":77},[59,110128,21173],{"class":69},[59,110130,1558],{"class":65},[59,110132,1561],{"class":73},[59,110134,110135,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,110136,110137],{"class":65},"    colors",[59,110139,358],{"class":73},[59,110141,34782],{"class":142},[59,110143,139],{"class":73},[59,110145,78],{"class":77},[59,110147,93],{"class":81},[59,110149,78],{"class":77},[59,110151,165],{"class":73},[20,110153,110154,110155,110159],{},"Or use ",[354,110156,110157],{"href":108268},[15,110158,102665],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1127,110161,1605,110163,1608,110165],{"id":110162},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110164,102679],{},[15,110166,54880],{},[20,110168,110169],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110171,110172,110173,110175],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110174,102679],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110177,110178,110179,358],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[354,110180,98889],{"href":98888},[1127,110182,110184],{"id":110183},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110186,108174],{},[20,110188,110189],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[45,110191,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,110193,1882,110195,97104],{"id":110194},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110196,102679],{},[20,110198,110199,110200,358],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110201,3792],{},[1127,110203,30275,110205,110207],{"id":110204},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110206,102679],{}," raise?",[20,110209,30281,110210,110212],{},[15,110211,19686],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1127,110214,1899,110216,2896,110218,1905],{"id":110215},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110217,55334],{},[15,110219,102665],{},[20,110221,201,110222,110224,110225,110227],{},[15,110223,55334],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110226,102665],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1127,110229,1914,110231,110233],{"id":110230},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110232,102679],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110235,110236],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[45,110238,1927],{"id":1926},[29,110240,110241,110247,110253,110257,110261],{},[32,110242,110243],{},[354,110244,96625,110245,10742],{"href":108268},[15,110246,102665],{},[32,110248,110249],{},[354,110250,96625,110251,10742],{"href":98025},[15,110252,12765],{},[32,110254,110255],{},[354,110256,97149],{"href":97694},[32,110258,110259],{},[354,110260,100155],{"href":98888},[32,110262,110263],{},[354,110264,11264],{"href":11076},[1953,110266,110267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":110269},[110270,110271,110273,110274,110275,110276,110281,110289,110299],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":109271,"depth":110,"text":110272},"What set.remove() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":109522,"depth":110,"text":109523},{"id":109627,"depth":110,"text":110277,"children":110278},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110279,110280],{"id":34782,"depth":117,"text":55334},{"id":102732,"depth":117,"text":102665},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":110282},[110283,110285,110286,110288],{"id":109864,"depth":117,"text":110284},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110025,"depth":117,"text":110026},{"id":110162,"depth":117,"text":110287},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110183,"depth":117,"text":110184},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":110290},[110291,110293,110295,110297],{"id":110194,"depth":117,"text":110292},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110204,"depth":117,"text":110294},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110215,"depth":117,"text":110296},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110230,"depth":117,"text":110298},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109145,"description":110300},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110307,"title":110308,"body":110309,"description":111682,"extension":1988,"meta":111683,"navigation":113,"path":111684,"seo":111685,"stem":111686,"__hash__":111687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110310,"toc":111657},[110311,110317,110323,110326,110329,110343,110345,110426,110429,110434,110438,110452,110459,110461,110480,110483,110501,110503,110583,110585,110610,110614,110617,110625,110630,110635,110637,110650,110655,110658,110682,110685,110693,110695,110698,110795,110797,110830,110832,110858,110865,110868,110872,110880,110884,110892,110894,110984,110986,111000,111007,111012,111017,111019,111110,111112,111124,111126,111140,111146,111154,111156,111238,111240,111285,111288,111296,111299,111301,111305,111348,111350,111370,111375,111377,111462,111464,111469,111471,111478,111486,111492,111495,111497,111583,111585,111609,111613,111616,111618,111645,111655],[10,110312,96011,110314,11324],{"id":110313},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110315,110316],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110318,110319,110322],{},[15,110320,110321],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110324,110325],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110327,110328],{},"Use it when:",[29,110330,110331,110334,110340],{},[32,110332,110333],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[32,110335,110336,110337,110339],{},"you do ",[549,110338,4647],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[32,110341,110342],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[45,110344,3624],{"id":3623},[50,110346,110348],{"className":52,"code":110347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110349,110350,110370,110390,110394,110413],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110351,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110353,2572],{"class":65},[59,110355,70],{"class":69},[59,110357,10491],{"class":73},[59,110359,187],{"class":178},[59,110361,87],{"class":73},[59,110363,3009],{"class":178},[59,110365,87],{"class":73},[59,110367,2469],{"class":178},[59,110369,9309],{"class":73},[59,110371,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110373,2600],{"class":65},[59,110375,70],{"class":69},[59,110377,10491],{"class":73},[59,110379,950],{"class":178},[59,110381,87],{"class":73},[59,110383,2475],{"class":178},[59,110385,87],{"class":73},[59,110387,4621],{"class":178},[59,110389,9309],{"class":73},[59,110391,110392],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110393,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110395,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110407,110409,110411],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,110397,692],{"class":65},[59,110399,70],{"class":69},[59,110401,56693],{"class":65},[59,110403,358],{"class":73},[59,110405,110406],{"class":142},"symmetric_difference",[59,110408,139],{"class":73},[59,110410,442],{"class":142},[59,110412,165],{"class":73},[59,110414,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,110416,715],{"class":135},[59,110418,139],{"class":73},[59,110420,720],{"class":142},[59,110422,3675],{"class":73},[59,110424,110425],{"class":3678},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110427,110428],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[45,110430,208,110432,211],{"id":110431},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110433,110316],{},[20,110435,110436,1002],{},[15,110437,110321],{},[29,110439,110440,110443,110446,110449],{},[32,110441,110442],{},"returns a new set",[32,110444,110445],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[32,110447,110448],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[32,110450,110451],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110453,96135,110454,2896,110456,358],{},[354,110455,96139],{"href":96138},[354,110457,110458],{"href":96142},"creating a set in Python",[45,110460,362],{"id":361},[50,110462,110464],{"className":52,"code":110463,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110465,110466],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110467,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110469,100396],{"class":65},[59,110471,358],{"class":73},[59,110473,110406],{"class":142},[59,110475,139],{"class":73},[59,110477,100405],{"class":142},[59,110479,165],{"class":73},[20,110481,110482],{},"Notes:",[29,110484,110485,110490,110495,110498],{},[32,110486,110487,110489],{},[15,110488,100396],{}," must be a set",[32,110491,110492,110494],{},[15,110493,100405],{}," can be any iterable",[32,110496,110497],{},"the result is always a set",[32,110499,110500],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110502,239],{},[50,110504,110506],{"className":52,"code":110505,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110507,110508,110529,110550,110554,110573],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110509,110510,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110511,110512],{"class":65},"set1 ",[59,110514,70],{"class":69},[59,110516,10491],{"class":73},[59,110518,187],{"class":178},[59,110520,87],{"class":73},[59,110522,3009],{"class":178},[59,110524,87],{"class":73},[59,110526,2469],{"class":178},[59,110528,9309],{"class":73},[59,110530,110531,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110532,110533],{"class":65},"set2 ",[59,110535,70],{"class":69},[59,110537,10491],{"class":73},[59,110539,950],{"class":178},[59,110541,87],{"class":73},[59,110543,2475],{"class":178},[59,110545,87],{"class":73},[59,110547,4621],{"class":178},[59,110549,9309],{"class":73},[59,110551,110552],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110553,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110555,110556,110558,110560,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,110557,692],{"class":65},[59,110559,70],{"class":69},[59,110561,110562],{"class":65}," set1",[59,110564,358],{"class":73},[59,110566,110406],{"class":142},[59,110568,139],{"class":73},[59,110570,100405],{"class":142},[59,110572,165],{"class":73},[59,110574,110575,110577,110579,110581],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,110576,715],{"class":135},[59,110578,139],{"class":73},[59,110580,720],{"class":142},[59,110582,165],{"class":73},[20,110584,168],{},[50,110586,110588],{"className":52,"code":110587,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110589,110590],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110591,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110593,893],{"class":73},[59,110595,187],{"class":178},[59,110597,87],{"class":73},[59,110599,3009],{"class":178},[59,110601,87],{"class":73},[59,110603,2475],{"class":178},[59,110605,87],{"class":73},[59,110607,4621],{"class":178},[59,110609,9309],{"class":73},[45,110611,110613],{"id":110612},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110615,110616],{},"The result includes:",[29,110618,110619,110622],{},[32,110620,110621],{},"items only in the first set",[32,110623,110624],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110626,110627,110628,11085],{},"The result does ",[549,110629,4647],{},[29,110631,110632],{},[32,110633,110634],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110636,5480],{},[29,110638,110639,110644],{},[32,110640,110641,110642],{},"first set: ",[15,110643,100093],{},[32,110645,110646,110647],{},"second set: ",[15,110648,110649],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110651,4064,110652,110654],{},[15,110653,950],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110656,110657],{},"The output is:",[50,110659,110660],{"className":52,"code":110587,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,110661,110662],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110663,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110665,893],{"class":73},[59,110667,187],{"class":178},[59,110669,87],{"class":73},[59,110671,3009],{"class":178},[59,110673,87],{"class":73},[59,110675,2475],{"class":178},[59,110677,87],{"class":73},[59,110679,4621],{"class":178},[59,110681,9309],{"class":73},[20,110683,110684],{},"Also remember:",[29,110686,110687,110690],{},[32,110688,110689],{},"sets are unordered",[32,110691,110692],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[45,110694,11478],{"id":11477},[20,110696,110697],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[50,110699,110701],{"className":52,"code":110700,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110702,110703,110735,110759,110763,110781,110785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110704,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110706,106836],{"class":65},[59,110708,70],{"class":69},[59,110710,10491],{"class":73},[59,110712,78],{"class":77},[59,110714,82],{"class":81},[59,110716,78],{"class":77},[59,110718,87],{"class":73},[59,110720,90],{"class":77},[59,110722,102],{"class":81},[59,110724,78],{"class":77},[59,110726,87],{"class":73},[59,110728,90],{"class":77},[59,110730,93],{"class":81},[59,110732,78],{"class":77},[59,110734,9309],{"class":73},[59,110736,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110738,106869],{"class":65},[59,110740,70],{"class":69},[59,110742,10491],{"class":73},[59,110744,78],{"class":77},[59,110746,93],{"class":81},[59,110748,78],{"class":77},[59,110750,87],{"class":73},[59,110752,90],{"class":77},[59,110754,22519],{"class":81},[59,110756,78],{"class":77},[59,110758,9309],{"class":73},[59,110760,110761],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110762,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110764,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,110766,692],{"class":65},[59,110768,70],{"class":69},[59,110770,106911],{"class":65},[59,110772,358],{"class":73},[59,110774,110406],{"class":142},[59,110776,139],{"class":73},[59,110778,106920],{"class":142},[59,110780,165],{"class":73},[59,110782,110783],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,110784,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110786,110787,110789,110791,110793],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,110788,715],{"class":135},[59,110790,139],{"class":73},[59,110792,720],{"class":142},[59,110794,165],{"class":73},[20,110796,168],{},[50,110798,110800],{"className":52,"code":110799,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110801,110802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110803,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110805,893],{"class":73},[59,110807,1725],{"class":77},[59,110809,82],{"class":81},[59,110811,1725],{"class":77},[59,110813,87],{"class":73},[59,110815,1734],{"class":77},[59,110817,102],{"class":81},[59,110819,1725],{"class":77},[59,110821,87],{"class":73},[59,110823,1734],{"class":77},[59,110825,22519],{"class":81},[59,110827,1725],{"class":77},[59,110829,9309],{"class":73},[20,110831,13408],{},[29,110833,110834,110839,110850],{},[32,110835,110836,110838],{},[15,110837,96304],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[32,110840,110841,4408,110843,110846,110847,110849],{},[15,110842,65200],{},[15,110844,110845],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110848,106973],{},", so they stay",[32,110851,110852,110854,110855,110857],{},[15,110853,109612],{}," is only in ",[15,110856,106920],{},", so it stays",[45,110859,110861,10586,110863],{"id":110860},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110862,110316],{},[15,110864,100225],{},[20,110866,110867],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110869,110870,1002],{},[15,110871,100225],{},[29,110873,110874,110877],{},[32,110875,110876],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[32,110878,110879],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110881,110882,1002],{},[15,110883,110316],{},[29,110885,110886,110889],{},[32,110887,110888],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[32,110890,110891],{},"removes shared items",[20,110893,239],{},[50,110895,110897],{"className":52,"code":110896,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110898,110899,110919,110939,110943,110964],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,110900,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,110902,2572],{"class":65},[59,110904,70],{"class":69},[59,110906,10491],{"class":73},[59,110908,187],{"class":178},[59,110910,87],{"class":73},[59,110912,3009],{"class":178},[59,110914,87],{"class":73},[59,110916,2469],{"class":178},[59,110918,9309],{"class":73},[59,110920,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,110922,2600],{"class":65},[59,110924,70],{"class":69},[59,110926,10491],{"class":73},[59,110928,950],{"class":178},[59,110930,87],{"class":73},[59,110932,2475],{"class":178},[59,110934,87],{"class":73},[59,110936,4621],{"class":178},[59,110938,9309],{"class":73},[59,110940,110941],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,110942,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,110944,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,110946,715],{"class":135},[59,110948,139],{"class":73},[59,110950,354],{"class":142},[59,110952,358],{"class":73},[59,110954,2830],{"class":142},[59,110956,139],{"class":73},[59,110958,442],{"class":142},[59,110960,5369],{"class":73},[59,110962,110963],{"class":3678},"            # {1, 2}\n",[59,110965,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,110967,715],{"class":135},[59,110969,139],{"class":73},[59,110971,354],{"class":142},[59,110973,358],{"class":73},[59,110975,110406],{"class":142},[59,110977,139],{"class":73},[59,110979,442],{"class":142},[59,110981,5369],{"class":73},[59,110983,110425],{"class":3678},[20,110985,18693],{},[29,110987,110988,110995],{},[32,110989,110990,110994],{},[354,110991,110992],{"href":102651},[15,110993,100225],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[32,110996,110997,110999],{},[15,110998,110316],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[45,111001,111003,10586,111005],{"id":111002},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111004,110316],{},[15,111006,102610],{},[20,111008,111009,111011],{},[15,111010,102610],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111013,111014,111016],{},[15,111015,110316],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111018,239],{},[50,111020,111022],{"className":52,"code":111021,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111023,111024,111044,111064,111068,111090],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111025,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111027,2572],{"class":65},[59,111029,70],{"class":69},[59,111031,10491],{"class":73},[59,111033,187],{"class":178},[59,111035,87],{"class":73},[59,111037,3009],{"class":178},[59,111039,87],{"class":73},[59,111041,2469],{"class":178},[59,111043,9309],{"class":73},[59,111045,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111047,2600],{"class":65},[59,111049,70],{"class":69},[59,111051,10491],{"class":73},[59,111053,950],{"class":178},[59,111055,87],{"class":73},[59,111057,2475],{"class":178},[59,111059,87],{"class":73},[59,111061,4621],{"class":178},[59,111063,9309],{"class":73},[59,111065,111066],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111067,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,111069,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111081,111083,111085,111087],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111071,715],{"class":135},[59,111073,139],{"class":73},[59,111075,354],{"class":142},[59,111077,358],{"class":73},[59,111079,111080],{"class":142},"union",[59,111082,139],{"class":73},[59,111084,442],{"class":142},[59,111086,5369],{"class":73},[59,111088,111089],{"class":3678},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[59,111091,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111093,715],{"class":135},[59,111095,139],{"class":73},[59,111097,354],{"class":142},[59,111099,358],{"class":73},[59,111101,110406],{"class":142},[59,111103,139],{"class":73},[59,111105,442],{"class":142},[59,111107,5369],{"class":73},[59,111109,110425],{"class":3678},[20,111111,27211],{},[29,111113,111114,111119],{},[32,111115,111116,111118],{},[15,111117,102610],{}," includes everything",[32,111120,111121,111123],{},[15,111122,110316],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111125,18693],{},[29,111127,111128,111135],{},[32,111129,111130,111134],{},[354,111131,111132],{"href":107541},[15,111133,102610],{}," when overlap does not matter",[32,111136,111137,111139],{},[15,111138,110316],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[45,111141,984,111143,101409],{"id":111142},"using-the-operator",[15,111144,111145],{},"^",[20,111147,111148,111149,111151,111152,358],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111150,111145],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111153,110316],{},[20,111155,239],{},[50,111157,111159],{"className":52,"code":111158,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111160,111161,111181,111201,111205,111223],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111162,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111164,110512],{"class":65},[59,111166,70],{"class":69},[59,111168,10491],{"class":73},[59,111170,187],{"class":178},[59,111172,87],{"class":73},[59,111174,3009],{"class":178},[59,111176,87],{"class":73},[59,111178,2469],{"class":178},[59,111180,9309],{"class":73},[59,111182,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111184,110533],{"class":65},[59,111186,70],{"class":69},[59,111188,10491],{"class":73},[59,111190,950],{"class":178},[59,111192,87],{"class":73},[59,111194,2475],{"class":178},[59,111196,87],{"class":73},[59,111198,4621],{"class":178},[59,111200,9309],{"class":73},[59,111202,111203],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111204,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,111206,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111208,715],{"class":135},[59,111210,139],{"class":73},[59,111212,100396],{"class":142},[59,111214,358],{"class":73},[59,111216,110406],{"class":142},[59,111218,139],{"class":73},[59,111220,100405],{"class":142},[59,111222,710],{"class":73},[59,111224,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111236],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111226,715],{"class":135},[59,111228,139],{"class":73},[59,111230,110512],{"class":142},[59,111232,111145],{"class":69},[59,111234,111235],{"class":142}," set2",[59,111237,165],{"class":73},[20,111239,30017],{},[50,111241,111243],{"className":52,"code":111242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111244,111245,111265],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111246,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111248,893],{"class":73},[59,111250,187],{"class":178},[59,111252,87],{"class":73},[59,111254,3009],{"class":178},[59,111256,87],{"class":73},[59,111258,2475],{"class":178},[59,111260,87],{"class":73},[59,111262,4621],{"class":178},[59,111264,9309],{"class":73},[59,111266,111267,111269,111271,111273,111275,111277,111279,111281,111283],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111268,893],{"class":73},[59,111270,187],{"class":178},[59,111272,87],{"class":73},[59,111274,3009],{"class":178},[59,111276,87],{"class":73},[59,111278,2475],{"class":178},[59,111280,87],{"class":73},[59,111282,4621],{"class":178},[59,111284,9309],{"class":73},[20,111286,111287],{},"Both forms:",[29,111289,111290,111293],{},[32,111291,111292],{},"return a new set",[32,111294,111295],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111297,111298],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[45,111300,4534],{"id":4533},[20,111302,21211,111303,1002],{},[15,111304,110316],{},[29,111306,111307,111315,111325,111340],{},[32,111308,111309,111312,111314],{},[549,111310,111311],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9846,111313],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[32,111316,111317,111320,111322,111324],{},[549,111318,111319],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9846,111321],{},[15,111323,110316],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[32,111326,111327,111332,111334,111336,111337,111339],{},[549,111328,111329,111330],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111331,100225],{},[9846,111333],{},[15,111335,100225],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111338,110316],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[32,111341,111342,111345,111347],{},[549,111343,111344],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9846,111346],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111349,58668],{},[29,111351,111352,111361,111364,111367],{},[32,111353,50295,111354,44431,111356,111360],{},[15,111355,110316],{},[354,111357,111358],{"href":107541},[15,111359,102610],{}," is actually needed",[32,111362,111363],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[32,111365,111366],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[32,111368,111369],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111371,111372,111373,358],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[354,111374,98889],{"href":105154},[20,111376,62102],{},[50,111378,111380],{"className":52,"code":111379,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111381,111382,111392,111402,111420,111434,111448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111383,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111385,715],{"class":135},[59,111387,139],{"class":73},[59,111389,100396],{"class":142},[59,111391,165],{"class":73},[59,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111395,715],{"class":135},[59,111397,139],{"class":73},[59,111399,100405],{"class":142},[59,111401,165],{"class":73},[59,111403,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111405,715],{"class":135},[59,111407,139],{"class":73},[59,111409,100396],{"class":142},[59,111411,358],{"class":73},[59,111413,110406],{"class":142},[59,111415,139],{"class":73},[59,111417,100405],{"class":142},[59,111419,710],{"class":73},[59,111421,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111423,715],{"class":135},[59,111425,139],{"class":73},[59,111427,110512],{"class":142},[59,111429,111145],{"class":69},[59,111431,111235],{"class":142},[59,111433,165],{"class":73},[59,111435,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111437,715],{"class":135},[59,111439,139],{"class":73},[59,111441,3239],{"class":697},[59,111443,139],{"class":73},[59,111445,100396],{"class":142},[59,111447,710],{"class":73},[59,111449,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,111451,715],{"class":135},[59,111453,139],{"class":73},[59,111455,3239],{"class":697},[59,111457,139],{"class":73},[59,111459,100405],{"class":142},[59,111461,710],{"class":73},[45,111463,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,111465,1882,111467,102550],{"id":111466},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111468,110316],{},[20,111470,102553],{},[1127,111472,5190,111474,4408,111476,1905],{"id":111473},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111475,110316],{},[15,111477,100225],{},[20,111479,111480,111482,111483,111485],{},[15,111481,100225],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111484,110316],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1127,111487,28318,111489,111491],{"id":111488},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111490,110316],{}," with lists?",[20,111493,111494],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111496,239],{},[50,111498,111500],{"className":52,"code":111499,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111501,111502,111522,111542,111546,111573],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111503,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111505,80466],{"class":65},[59,111507,70],{"class":69},[59,111509,74],{"class":73},[59,111511,187],{"class":178},[59,111513,87],{"class":73},[59,111515,3009],{"class":178},[59,111517,87],{"class":73},[59,111519,2469],{"class":178},[59,111521,107],{"class":73},[59,111523,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111525,80487],{"class":65},[59,111527,70],{"class":69},[59,111529,74],{"class":73},[59,111531,950],{"class":178},[59,111533,87],{"class":73},[59,111535,2475],{"class":178},[59,111537,87],{"class":73},[59,111539,4621],{"class":178},[59,111541,107],{"class":73},[59,111543,111544],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111545,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,111547,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111549,692],{"class":65},[59,111551,70],{"class":69},[59,111553,15634],{"class":697},[59,111555,139],{"class":73},[59,111557,111558],{"class":142},"list1",[59,111560,8635],{"class":73},[59,111562,110406],{"class":142},[59,111564,139],{"class":73},[59,111566,6293],{"class":697},[59,111568,139],{"class":73},[59,111570,80753],{"class":142},[59,111572,710],{"class":73},[59,111574,111575,111577,111579,111581],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111576,715],{"class":135},[59,111578,139],{"class":73},[59,111580,720],{"class":142},[59,111582,165],{"class":73},[20,111584,168],{},[50,111586,111587],{"className":52,"code":110587,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,111588,111589],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111590,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111592,893],{"class":73},[59,111594,187],{"class":178},[59,111596,87],{"class":73},[59,111598,3009],{"class":178},[59,111600,87],{"class":73},[59,111602,2475],{"class":178},[59,111604,87],{"class":73},[59,111606,4621],{"class":178},[59,111608,9309],{"class":73},[1127,111610,111612],{"id":111611},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111614,111615],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[45,111617,1927],{"id":1926},[29,111619,111620,111624,111629,111635,111641],{},[32,111621,111622],{},[354,111623,96139],{"href":96138},[32,111625,111626],{},[354,111627,111628],{"href":96142},"Creating a set in Python",[32,111630,111631],{},[354,111632,96625,111633,10742],{"href":102651},[15,111634,100225],{},[32,111636,111637],{},[354,111638,96625,111639,10742],{"href":107541},[15,111640,102610],{},[32,111642,111643],{},[354,111644,100155],{"href":105154},[20,111646,111647,111648,1208,111650,17072,111652,111654],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111649,100225],{},[15,111651,102610],{},[15,111653,110316],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1953,111656,57047],{},{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":111658},[111659,111660,111662,111663,111664,111665,111667,111669,111671,111672,111681],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":110431,"depth":110,"text":111661},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":110612,"depth":110,"text":110613},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":110860,"depth":110,"text":111666},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111002,"depth":110,"text":111668},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111142,"depth":110,"text":111670},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":111673},[111674,111676,111678,111680],{"id":111466,"depth":117,"text":111675},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111473,"depth":117,"text":111677},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111488,"depth":117,"text":111679},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111611,"depth":117,"text":111612},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110308,"description":111682},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111689,"title":111690,"body":111691,"description":113754,"extension":1988,"meta":113755,"navigation":113,"path":107541,"seo":113756,"stem":113757,"__hash__":113758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111692,"toc":113713},[111693,111698,111703,111706,111719,111721,111803,111808,111813,111817,111829,111832,111836,111838,111865,111867,111878,111881,111950,111952,111958,111961,111971,111973,112062,112067,112069,112076,112079,112081,112084,112204,112206,112275,112278,112295,112300,112303,112419,112421,112450,112453,112459,112464,112468,112549,112551,112579,112584,112588,112683,112685,112726,112730,112733,112800,112802,112843,112849,112864,112871,112878,112882,112888,112974,112978,112986,113057,113062,113069,113071,113077,113079,113144,113146,113162,113167,113170,113239,113243,113246,113305,113308,113312,113365,113378,113381,113434,113438,113440,113471,113474,113479,113532,113536,113539,113560,113572,113574,113627,113629,113634,113636,113642,113645,113651,113656,113660,113663,113671,113680,113682,113710],[10,111694,13,111696,11324],{"id":111695},"python-setunion-method",[15,111697,107854],{},[20,111699,111700,111702],{},[15,111701,107854],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111704,111705],{},"It is useful when you want:",[29,111707,111708,111711,111716],{},[32,111709,111710],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[32,111712,2572,111713,111715],{},[549,111714,100580],{}," as the result",[32,111717,111718],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[45,111720,48],{"id":47},[50,111722,111724],{"className":52,"code":111723,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111725,111726,111746,111766,111770,111788,111798],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111727,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111729,110512],{"class":65},[59,111731,70],{"class":69},[59,111733,10491],{"class":73},[59,111735,187],{"class":178},[59,111737,87],{"class":73},[59,111739,3009],{"class":178},[59,111741,87],{"class":73},[59,111743,2469],{"class":178},[59,111745,9309],{"class":73},[59,111747,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111749,110533],{"class":65},[59,111751,70],{"class":69},[59,111753,10491],{"class":73},[59,111755,950],{"class":178},[59,111757,87],{"class":73},[59,111759,2475],{"class":178},[59,111761,87],{"class":73},[59,111763,4621],{"class":178},[59,111765,9309],{"class":73},[59,111767,111768],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111769,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,111771,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111773,692],{"class":65},[59,111775,70],{"class":69},[59,111777,110562],{"class":65},[59,111779,358],{"class":73},[59,111781,111080],{"class":142},[59,111783,139],{"class":73},[59,111785,100405],{"class":142},[59,111787,165],{"class":73},[59,111789,111790,111792,111794,111796],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111791,715],{"class":135},[59,111793,139],{"class":73},[59,111795,720],{"class":142},[59,111797,165],{"class":73},[59,111799,111800],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,111801,111802],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111804,111805,111807],{},[15,111806,102610],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[45,111809,208,111811,211],{"id":111810},"what-setunion-does",[15,111812,107854],{},[20,111814,111815,1002],{},[15,111816,107854],{},[29,111818,111819,111822,111825,111827],{},[32,111820,111821],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[32,111823,111824],{},"keeps only unique values",[32,111826,110442],{},[32,111828,110451],{},[20,111830,111831],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111833,96135,111834,358],{},[354,111835,96139],{"href":97310},[45,111837,362],{"id":361},[50,111839,111841],{"className":52,"code":111840,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111842,111843],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111844,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111846,100396],{"class":65},[59,111848,358],{"class":73},[59,111850,111080],{"class":142},[59,111852,139],{"class":73},[59,111854,100405],{"class":142},[59,111856,87],{"class":73},[59,111858,100432],{"class":142},[59,111860,87],{"class":73},[59,111862,34441],{"class":135},[59,111864,165],{"class":73},[20,111866,13054],{},[29,111868,111869,111872,111875],{},[32,111870,111871],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[32,111873,111874],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[32,111876,111877],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111879,111880],{},"Example with two sets:",[50,111882,111884],{"className":52,"code":111883,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111885,111886,111902,111918,111922,111940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111887,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898,111900],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111889,2572],{"class":65},[59,111891,70],{"class":69},[59,111893,10491],{"class":73},[59,111895,187],{"class":178},[59,111897,87],{"class":73},[59,111899,3009],{"class":178},[59,111901,9309],{"class":73},[59,111903,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111905,2600],{"class":65},[59,111907,70],{"class":69},[59,111909,10491],{"class":73},[59,111911,195],{"class":178},[59,111913,87],{"class":73},[59,111915,2469],{"class":178},[59,111917,9309],{"class":73},[59,111919,111920],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,111921,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,111923,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,111925,692],{"class":65},[59,111927,70],{"class":69},[59,111929,56693],{"class":65},[59,111931,358],{"class":73},[59,111933,111080],{"class":142},[59,111935,139],{"class":73},[59,111937,442],{"class":142},[59,111939,165],{"class":73},[59,111941,111942,111944,111946,111948],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,111943,715],{"class":135},[59,111945,139],{"class":73},[59,111947,720],{"class":142},[59,111949,165],{"class":73},[45,111951,21967],{"id":21966},[20,111953,111954,100577,111956,358],{},[15,111955,107854],{},[549,111957,100580],{},[20,111959,111960],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[29,111962,111963,111966],{},[32,111964,111965],{},"the original set",[32,111967,111968,111969],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111970,102610],{},[20,111972,239],{},[50,111974,111976],{"className":52,"code":111975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111977,111978,111994,112010,112014,112032,112036,112049],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,111979,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,111981,2572],{"class":65},[59,111983,70],{"class":69},[59,111985,10491],{"class":73},[59,111987,187],{"class":178},[59,111989,87],{"class":73},[59,111991,3009],{"class":178},[59,111993,9309],{"class":73},[59,111995,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,111997,2600],{"class":65},[59,111999,70],{"class":69},[59,112001,10491],{"class":73},[59,112003,195],{"class":178},[59,112005,87],{"class":73},[59,112007,2469],{"class":178},[59,112009,9309],{"class":73},[59,112011,112012],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112013,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112015,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112017,692],{"class":65},[59,112019,70],{"class":69},[59,112021,56693],{"class":65},[59,112023,358],{"class":73},[59,112025,111080],{"class":142},[59,112027,139],{"class":73},[59,112029,442],{"class":142},[59,112031,165],{"class":73},[59,112033,112034],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112035,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112037,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,112039,715],{"class":135},[59,112041,139],{"class":73},[59,112043,720],{"class":142},[59,112045,3675],{"class":73},[59,112047,112048],{"class":3678},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[59,112050,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,112052,715],{"class":135},[59,112054,139],{"class":73},[59,112056,354],{"class":142},[59,112058,3675],{"class":73},[59,112060,112061],{"class":3678},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112063,2303,112064,112066],{},[15,112065,354],{}," did not change.",[20,112068,110684],{},[29,112070,112071,112073],{},[32,112072,110689],{},[32,112074,112075],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112077,112078],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[45,112080,11478],{"id":11477},[20,112082,112083],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[50,112085,112087],{"className":52,"code":112086,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112088,112089,112122,112155,112159,112179,112183,112193],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112090,112091,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112092,112093],{"class":65},"fruits1 ",[59,112095,70],{"class":69},[59,112097,10491],{"class":73},[59,112099,78],{"class":77},[59,112101,588],{"class":81},[59,112103,78],{"class":77},[59,112105,87],{"class":73},[59,112107,90],{"class":77},[59,112109,597],{"class":81},[59,112111,78],{"class":77},[59,112113,87],{"class":73},[59,112115,90],{"class":77},[59,112117,606],{"class":81},[59,112119,78],{"class":77},[59,112121,9309],{"class":73},[59,112123,112124,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112125,112126],{"class":65},"fruits2 ",[59,112128,70],{"class":69},[59,112130,10491],{"class":73},[59,112132,78],{"class":77},[59,112134,597],{"class":81},[59,112136,78],{"class":77},[59,112138,87],{"class":73},[59,112140,90],{"class":77},[59,112142,22528],{"class":81},[59,112144,78],{"class":77},[59,112146,87],{"class":73},[59,112148,90],{"class":77},[59,112150,606],{"class":81},[59,112152,78],{"class":77},[59,112154,9309],{"class":73},[59,112156,112157],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112158,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112160,112161,112163,112165,112168,112170,112172,112174,112177],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112162,692],{"class":65},[59,112164,70],{"class":69},[59,112166,112167],{"class":65}," fruits1",[59,112169,358],{"class":73},[59,112171,111080],{"class":142},[59,112173,139],{"class":73},[59,112175,112176],{"class":142},"fruits2",[59,112178,165],{"class":73},[59,112180,112181],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112182,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112184,112185,112187,112189,112191],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,112186,715],{"class":135},[59,112188,139],{"class":73},[59,112190,720],{"class":142},[59,112192,165],{"class":73},[59,112194,112195,112197,112199,112202],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,112196,715],{"class":135},[59,112198,139],{"class":73},[59,112200,112201],{"class":142},"fruits1",[59,112203,165],{"class":73},[20,112205,30017],{},[50,112207,112209],{"className":52,"code":112208,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112210,112211,112247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112214,893],{"class":73},[59,112216,1725],{"class":77},[59,112218,597],{"class":81},[59,112220,1725],{"class":77},[59,112222,87],{"class":73},[59,112224,1734],{"class":77},[59,112226,606],{"class":81},[59,112228,1725],{"class":77},[59,112230,87],{"class":73},[59,112232,1734],{"class":77},[59,112234,588],{"class":81},[59,112236,1725],{"class":77},[59,112238,87],{"class":73},[59,112240,1734],{"class":77},[59,112242,22528],{"class":81},[59,112244,1725],{"class":77},[59,112246,9309],{"class":73},[59,112248,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112250,893],{"class":73},[59,112252,1725],{"class":77},[59,112254,597],{"class":81},[59,112256,1725],{"class":77},[59,112258,87],{"class":73},[59,112260,1734],{"class":77},[59,112262,606],{"class":81},[59,112264,1725],{"class":77},[59,112266,87],{"class":73},[59,112268,1734],{"class":77},[59,112270,588],{"class":81},[59,112272,1725],{"class":77},[59,112274,9309],{"class":73},[20,112276,112277],{},"What this shows:",[29,112279,112280,112287,112290],{},[32,112281,112282,4408,112284,112286],{},[15,112283,65082],{},[15,112285,65509],{}," appear in both sets",[32,112288,112289],{},"they appear only once in the result",[32,112291,112292,112294],{},[15,112293,112201],{}," stays unchanged",[45,112296,1599,112298,100969],{"id":112297},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112299,102610],{},[20,112301,112302],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[50,112304,112306],{"className":52,"code":112305,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112307,112308,112324,112340,112357,112374,112378,112405,112409],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112309,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112311,110512],{"class":65},[59,112313,70],{"class":69},[59,112315,10491],{"class":73},[59,112317,187],{"class":178},[59,112319,87],{"class":73},[59,112321,3009],{"class":178},[59,112323,9309],{"class":73},[59,112325,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112327,110533],{"class":65},[59,112329,70],{"class":69},[59,112331,10491],{"class":73},[59,112333,195],{"class":178},[59,112335,87],{"class":73},[59,112337,2469],{"class":178},[59,112339,9309],{"class":73},[59,112341,112342,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112343,112344],{"class":65},"set3 ",[59,112346,70],{"class":69},[59,112348,10491],{"class":73},[59,112350,950],{"class":178},[59,112352,87],{"class":73},[59,112354,2475],{"class":178},[59,112356,9309],{"class":73},[59,112358,112359,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112360,112361],{"class":65},"set4 ",[59,112363,70],{"class":69},[59,112365,10491],{"class":73},[59,112367,2522],{"class":178},[59,112369,87],{"class":73},[59,112371,4621],{"class":178},[59,112373,9309],{"class":73},[59,112375,112376],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112377,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112379,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112403],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,112381,692],{"class":65},[59,112383,70],{"class":69},[59,112385,110562],{"class":65},[59,112387,358],{"class":73},[59,112389,111080],{"class":142},[59,112391,139],{"class":73},[59,112393,100405],{"class":142},[59,112395,87],{"class":73},[59,112397,100432],{"class":142},[59,112399,87],{"class":73},[59,112401,112402],{"class":142}," set4",[59,112404,165],{"class":73},[59,112406,112407],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,112408,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112410,112411,112413,112415,112417],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,112412,715],{"class":135},[59,112414,139],{"class":73},[59,112416,720],{"class":142},[59,112418,165],{"class":73},[20,112420,30017],{},[50,112422,112424],{"className":52,"code":112423,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112425,112426],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112427,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112429,893],{"class":73},[59,112431,187],{"class":178},[59,112433,87],{"class":73},[59,112435,3009],{"class":178},[59,112437,87],{"class":73},[59,112439,2469],{"class":178},[59,112441,87],{"class":73},[59,112443,2475],{"class":178},[59,112445,87],{"class":73},[59,112447,4621],{"class":178},[59,112449,9309],{"class":73},[20,112451,112452],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[45,112454,1599,112456,112458],{"id":112455},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112457,102610],{}," with other iterables",[20,112460,112461,112463],{},[15,112462,102610],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1127,112465,112467],{"id":112466},"with-a-list","With a list",[50,112469,112471],{"className":52,"code":112470,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112472,112473,112493,112517,112521,112539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112474,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112476,664],{"class":65},[59,112478,70],{"class":69},[59,112480,10491],{"class":73},[59,112482,187],{"class":178},[59,112484,87],{"class":73},[59,112486,3009],{"class":178},[59,112488,87],{"class":73},[59,112490,2469],{"class":178},[59,112492,9309],{"class":73},[59,112494,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112496,60854],{"class":65},[59,112498,70],{"class":69},[59,112500,74],{"class":73},[59,112502,950],{"class":178},[59,112504,87],{"class":73},[59,112506,2475],{"class":178},[59,112508,87],{"class":73},[59,112510,4621],{"class":178},[59,112512,87],{"class":73},[59,112514,4621],{"class":178},[59,112516,107],{"class":73},[59,112518,112519],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112520,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112524,692],{"class":65},[59,112526,70],{"class":69},[59,112528,4277],{"class":65},[59,112530,358],{"class":73},[59,112532,111080],{"class":142},[59,112534,139],{"class":73},[59,112536,60883],{"class":142},[59,112538,165],{"class":73},[59,112540,112541,112543,112545,112547],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112542,715],{"class":135},[59,112544,139],{"class":73},[59,112546,720],{"class":142},[59,112548,165],{"class":73},[20,112550,30017],{},[50,112552,112553],{"className":52,"code":112423,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,112554,112555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112556,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112558,893],{"class":73},[59,112560,187],{"class":178},[59,112562,87],{"class":73},[59,112564,3009],{"class":178},[59,112566,87],{"class":73},[59,112568,2469],{"class":178},[59,112570,87],{"class":73},[59,112572,2475],{"class":178},[59,112574,87],{"class":73},[59,112576,4621],{"class":178},[59,112578,9309],{"class":73},[20,112580,20977,112581,112583],{},[15,112582,2159],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1127,112585,112587],{"id":112586},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[50,112589,112591],{"className":52,"code":112590,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112592,112593,112617,112650,112654,112673],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112594,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112596,425],{"class":65},[59,112598,70],{"class":69},[59,112600,10491],{"class":73},[59,112602,78],{"class":77},[59,112604,354],{"class":81},[59,112606,78],{"class":77},[59,112608,87],{"class":73},[59,112610,90],{"class":77},[59,112612,442],{"class":81},[59,112614,78],{"class":77},[59,112616,9309],{"class":73},[59,112618,112619,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112620,112621],{"class":65},"more_letters ",[59,112623,70],{"class":69},[59,112625,747],{"class":73},[59,112627,78],{"class":77},[59,112629,442],{"class":81},[59,112631,78],{"class":77},[59,112633,87],{"class":73},[59,112635,90],{"class":77},[59,112637,451],{"class":81},[59,112639,78],{"class":77},[59,112641,87],{"class":73},[59,112643,90],{"class":77},[59,112645,18766],{"class":81},[59,112647,78],{"class":77},[59,112649,165],{"class":73},[59,112651,112652],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112653,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112655,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112671],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112657,692],{"class":65},[59,112659,70],{"class":69},[59,112661,69904],{"class":65},[59,112663,358],{"class":73},[59,112665,111080],{"class":142},[59,112667,139],{"class":73},[59,112669,112670],{"class":142},"more_letters",[59,112672,165],{"class":73},[59,112674,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112676,715],{"class":135},[59,112678,139],{"class":73},[59,112680,720],{"class":142},[59,112682,165],{"class":73},[20,112684,30017],{},[50,112686,112688],{"className":52,"code":112687,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112689,112690],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112691,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112693,893],{"class":73},[59,112695,1725],{"class":77},[59,112697,354],{"class":81},[59,112699,1725],{"class":77},[59,112701,87],{"class":73},[59,112703,1734],{"class":77},[59,112705,442],{"class":81},[59,112707,1725],{"class":77},[59,112709,87],{"class":73},[59,112711,1734],{"class":77},[59,112713,451],{"class":81},[59,112715,1725],{"class":77},[59,112717,87],{"class":73},[59,112719,1734],{"class":77},[59,112721,18766],{"class":81},[59,112723,1725],{"class":77},[59,112725,9309],{"class":73},[1127,112727,112729],{"id":112728},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112731,112732],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[50,112734,112736],{"className":52,"code":112735,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112737,112738,112763,112786,112790],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112739,112740,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112741,112742],{"class":65},"chars ",[59,112744,70],{"class":69},[59,112746,10491],{"class":73},[59,112748,78],{"class":77},[59,112750,354],{"class":81},[59,112752,78],{"class":77},[59,112754,87],{"class":73},[59,112756,90],{"class":77},[59,112758,442],{"class":81},[59,112760,78],{"class":77},[59,112762,9309],{"class":73},[59,112764,112765,112767,112769,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112766,692],{"class":65},[59,112768,70],{"class":69},[59,112770,112771],{"class":65}," chars",[59,112773,358],{"class":73},[59,112775,111080],{"class":142},[59,112777,139],{"class":73},[59,112779,78],{"class":77},[59,112781,1439],{"class":81},[59,112783,78],{"class":77},[59,112785,165],{"class":73},[59,112787,112788],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112789,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112791,112792,112794,112796,112798],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112793,715],{"class":135},[59,112795,139],{"class":73},[59,112797,720],{"class":142},[59,112799,165],{"class":73},[20,112801,30017],{},[50,112803,112805],{"className":52,"code":112804,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112806,112807],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112808,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112810,893],{"class":73},[59,112812,1725],{"class":77},[59,112814,354],{"class":81},[59,112816,1725],{"class":77},[59,112818,87],{"class":73},[59,112820,1734],{"class":77},[59,112822,442],{"class":81},[59,112824,1725],{"class":77},[59,112826,87],{"class":73},[59,112828,1734],{"class":77},[59,112830,451],{"class":81},[59,112832,1725],{"class":77},[59,112834,87],{"class":73},[59,112836,1734],{"class":77},[59,112838,63094],{"class":81},[59,112840,1725],{"class":77},[59,112842,9309],{"class":73},[20,112844,22186,112845,112848],{},[15,112846,112847],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[29,112850,112851,112855,112859],{},[32,112852,112853],{},[15,112854,66289],{},[32,112856,112857],{},[15,112858,18094],{},[32,112860,112861],{},[15,112862,112863],{},"\"t\"",[45,112865,112867,10586,112869],{"id":112866},"union-vs-update",[15,112868,102610],{},[15,112870,14954],{},[20,112872,112873,4408,112875,112877],{},[15,112874,102610],{},[15,112876,14954],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1127,112879,112880],{"id":111080},[15,112881,102610],{},[29,112883,112884,112886],{},[32,112885,110442],{},[32,112887,110451],{},[50,112889,112890],{"className":52,"code":111975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,112891,112892,112908,112924,112928,112946,112950,112962],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112893,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112895,2572],{"class":65},[59,112897,70],{"class":69},[59,112899,10491],{"class":73},[59,112901,187],{"class":178},[59,112903,87],{"class":73},[59,112905,3009],{"class":178},[59,112907,9309],{"class":73},[59,112909,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,112911,2600],{"class":65},[59,112913,70],{"class":69},[59,112915,10491],{"class":73},[59,112917,195],{"class":178},[59,112919,87],{"class":73},[59,112921,2469],{"class":178},[59,112923,9309],{"class":73},[59,112925,112926],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,112927,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112929,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,112931,692],{"class":65},[59,112933,70],{"class":69},[59,112935,56693],{"class":65},[59,112937,358],{"class":73},[59,112939,111080],{"class":142},[59,112941,139],{"class":73},[59,112943,442],{"class":142},[59,112945,165],{"class":73},[59,112947,112948],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,112949,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,112951,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,112953,715],{"class":135},[59,112955,139],{"class":73},[59,112957,720],{"class":142},[59,112959,3675],{"class":73},[59,112961,112048],{"class":3678},[59,112963,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,112965,715],{"class":135},[59,112967,139],{"class":73},[59,112969,354],{"class":142},[59,112971,3675],{"class":73},[59,112973,112061],{"class":3678},[1127,112975,112976],{"id":30452},[15,112977,14954],{},[29,112979,112980,112983],{},[32,112981,112982],{},"changes the existing set in place",[32,112984,112985],{},"does not create a separate result set",[50,112987,112989],{"className":52,"code":112988,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112990,112991,113007,113023,113027,113041,113045],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,112992,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,112994,2572],{"class":65},[59,112996,70],{"class":69},[59,112998,10491],{"class":73},[59,113000,187],{"class":178},[59,113002,87],{"class":73},[59,113004,3009],{"class":178},[59,113006,9309],{"class":73},[59,113008,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113010,2600],{"class":65},[59,113012,70],{"class":69},[59,113014,10491],{"class":73},[59,113016,195],{"class":178},[59,113018,87],{"class":73},[59,113020,2469],{"class":178},[59,113022,9309],{"class":73},[59,113024,113025],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113026,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113030,354],{"class":65},[59,113032,358],{"class":73},[59,113034,30452],{"class":142},[59,113036,139],{"class":73},[59,113038,442],{"class":142},[59,113040,165],{"class":73},[59,113042,113043],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,113044,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113046,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,113048,715],{"class":135},[59,113050,139],{"class":73},[59,113052,354],{"class":142},[59,113054,3675],{"class":73},[59,113056,112048],{"class":3678},[20,113058,201,113059,113061],{},[15,113060,102610],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113063,113064,113065,358],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[354,113066,13,113067,10742],{"href":98330},[15,113068,97125],{},[45,113070,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,113072,8456,113074,113076],{"id":113073},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113075,102610],{}," to change the original set",[20,113078,81635],{},[50,113080,113082],{"className":52,"code":113081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113083,113084,113100,113116,113120,113134],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113085,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113087,2572],{"class":65},[59,113089,70],{"class":69},[59,113091,10491],{"class":73},[59,113093,187],{"class":178},[59,113095,87],{"class":73},[59,113097,3009],{"class":178},[59,113099,9309],{"class":73},[59,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113103,2600],{"class":65},[59,113105,70],{"class":69},[59,113107,10491],{"class":73},[59,113109,195],{"class":178},[59,113111,87],{"class":73},[59,113113,2469],{"class":178},[59,113115,9309],{"class":73},[59,113117,113118],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113119,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113121,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113123,354],{"class":65},[59,113125,358],{"class":73},[59,113127,111080],{"class":142},[59,113129,139],{"class":73},[59,113131,442],{"class":142},[59,113133,165],{"class":73},[59,113135,113136,113138,113140,113142],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,113137,715],{"class":135},[59,113139,139],{"class":73},[59,113141,354],{"class":142},[59,113143,165],{"class":73},[20,113145,168],{},[50,113147,113148],{"className":52,"code":100318,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,113149,113150],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113151,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113153,893],{"class":73},[59,113155,187],{"class":178},[59,113157,87],{"class":73},[59,113159,3009],{"class":178},[59,113161,9309],{"class":73},[20,113163,8499,113164,113166],{},[15,113165,102610],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113168,113169],{},"Fix it like this:",[50,113171,113173],{"className":52,"code":113172,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113174,113175,113191,113207,113211,113229],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113176,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113178,2572],{"class":65},[59,113180,70],{"class":69},[59,113182,10491],{"class":73},[59,113184,187],{"class":178},[59,113186,87],{"class":73},[59,113188,3009],{"class":178},[59,113190,9309],{"class":73},[59,113192,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113194,2600],{"class":65},[59,113196,70],{"class":69},[59,113198,10491],{"class":73},[59,113200,195],{"class":178},[59,113202,87],{"class":73},[59,113204,2469],{"class":178},[59,113206,9309],{"class":73},[59,113208,113209],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113210,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113212,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113214,2572],{"class":65},[59,113216,70],{"class":69},[59,113218,56693],{"class":65},[59,113220,358],{"class":73},[59,113222,111080],{"class":142},[59,113224,139],{"class":73},[59,113226,442],{"class":142},[59,113228,165],{"class":73},[59,113230,113231,113233,113235,113237],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,113232,715],{"class":135},[59,113234,139],{"class":73},[59,113236,354],{"class":142},[59,113238,165],{"class":73},[1127,113240,113242],{"id":113241},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113244,113245],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[50,113247,113249],{"className":52,"code":113248,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113250,113251,113267,113283,113287],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113254,2572],{"class":65},[59,113256,70],{"class":69},[59,113258,10491],{"class":73},[59,113260,950],{"class":178},[59,113262,87],{"class":73},[59,113264,5506],{"class":178},[59,113266,9309],{"class":73},[59,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113270,2600],{"class":65},[59,113272,70],{"class":69},[59,113274,10491],{"class":73},[59,113276,195],{"class":178},[59,113278,87],{"class":73},[59,113280,2475],{"class":178},[59,113282,9309],{"class":73},[59,113284,113285],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113286,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113288,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113290,715],{"class":135},[59,113292,139],{"class":73},[59,113294,354],{"class":142},[59,113296,358],{"class":73},[59,113298,111080],{"class":142},[59,113300,139],{"class":73},[59,113302,442],{"class":142},[59,113304,710],{"class":73},[20,113306,113307],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1127,113309,113311],{"id":113310},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[50,113313,113315],{"className":52,"code":113314,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113316,113317,113333,113355],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113318,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113320,4085],{"class":65},[59,113322,70],{"class":69},[59,113324,10491],{"class":73},[59,113326,78],{"class":77},[59,113328,57933],{"class":81},[59,113330,78],{"class":77},[59,113332,9309],{"class":73},[59,113334,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113336,692],{"class":65},[59,113338,70],{"class":69},[59,113340,6174],{"class":65},[59,113342,358],{"class":73},[59,113344,111080],{"class":142},[59,113346,139],{"class":73},[59,113348,78],{"class":77},[59,113350,1439],{"class":81},[59,113352,78],{"class":77},[59,113354,165],{"class":73},[59,113356,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113358,715],{"class":135},[59,113360,139],{"class":73},[59,113362,720],{"class":142},[59,113364,165],{"class":73},[20,113366,113367,113368,1208,113370,17072,113372,113374,113375,113377],{},"This adds ",[15,113369,66289],{},[15,113371,18094],{},[15,113373,112863],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113376,112847],{}," as one item.",[20,113379,113380],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[50,113382,113384],{"className":52,"code":113383,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113385,113386,113402,113424],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113387,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113389,4085],{"class":65},[59,113391,70],{"class":69},[59,113393,10491],{"class":73},[59,113395,78],{"class":77},[59,113397,57933],{"class":81},[59,113399,78],{"class":77},[59,113401,9309],{"class":73},[59,113403,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113405,692],{"class":65},[59,113407,70],{"class":69},[59,113409,6174],{"class":65},[59,113411,358],{"class":73},[59,113413,111080],{"class":142},[59,113415,1629],{"class":73},[59,113417,78],{"class":77},[59,113419,1439],{"class":81},[59,113421,78],{"class":77},[59,113423,3902],{"class":73},[59,113425,113426,113428,113430,113432],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113427,715],{"class":135},[59,113429,139],{"class":73},[59,113431,720],{"class":142},[59,113433,165],{"class":73},[1127,113435,113437],{"id":113436},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113439,2854],{},[50,113441,113443],{"className":52,"code":113442,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113444,113445],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113446,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113448,15629],{"class":65},[59,113450,70],{"class":69},[59,113452,10491],{"class":73},[59,113454,187],{"class":178},[59,113456,87],{"class":73},[59,113458,3009],{"class":178},[59,113460,87],{"class":73},[59,113462,74],{"class":73},[59,113464,950],{"class":178},[59,113466,87],{"class":73},[59,113468,2475],{"class":178},[59,113470,13705],{"class":73},[20,113472,113473],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113475,113476,113477,1002],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113478,102610],{},[50,113480,113482],{"className":52,"code":113481,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113483,113484,113500,113522],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113485,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113487,15629],{"class":65},[59,113489,70],{"class":69},[59,113491,10491],{"class":73},[59,113493,187],{"class":178},[59,113495,87],{"class":73},[59,113497,3009],{"class":178},[59,113499,9309],{"class":73},[59,113501,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113503,692],{"class":65},[59,113505,70],{"class":69},[59,113507,96735],{"class":65},[59,113509,358],{"class":73},[59,113511,111080],{"class":142},[59,113513,1629],{"class":73},[59,113515,950],{"class":178},[59,113517,87],{"class":73},[59,113519,2475],{"class":178},[59,113521,3902],{"class":73},[59,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113525,715],{"class":135},[59,113527,139],{"class":73},[59,113529,720],{"class":142},[59,113531,165],{"class":73},[45,113533,113535],{"id":113534},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113537,113538],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[29,113540,113541,113547,113554,113557],{},[32,113542,113543,113544,113546],{},"call ",[15,113545,102610],{}," without saving the returned set",[32,113548,113549,113550,1608,113552],{},"confuse ",[15,113551,102610],{},[15,113553,14954],{},[32,113555,113556],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[32,113558,113559],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113561,113562,113563,4408,113567,358],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[354,113564,13,113565,10742],{"href":102599},[15,113566,106384],{},[354,113568,13,113570,10742],{"href":113569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113571,100230],{},[20,113573,62102],{},[50,113575,113577],{"className":52,"code":113576,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113578,113579,113589,113603,113613],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113580,113581,113583,113585,113587],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113582,715],{"class":135},[59,113584,139],{"class":73},[59,113586,15667],{"class":142},[59,113588,165],{"class":73},[59,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113592,715],{"class":135},[59,113594,139],{"class":73},[59,113596,3239],{"class":697},[59,113598,139],{"class":73},[59,113600,15667],{"class":142},[59,113602,710],{"class":73},[59,113604,113605,113607,113609,113611],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113606,715],{"class":135},[59,113608,139],{"class":73},[59,113610,720],{"class":142},[59,113612,165],{"class":73},[59,113614,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113616,32141],{"class":135},[59,113618,139],{"class":73},[59,113620,6293],{"class":697},[59,113622,358],{"class":73},[59,113624,111080],{"class":929},[59,113626,165],{"class":73},[45,113628,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,113630,1882,113632,102550],{"id":113631},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113633,107854],{},[20,113635,102553],{},[1127,113637,1914,113639,113641],{"id":113638},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113640,102610],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113643,113644],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1127,113646,28318,113648,113650],{"id":113647},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113649,102610],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113652,41952,113653,113655],{},[15,113654,102610],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1127,113657,113659],{"id":113658},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113661,113662],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1127,113664,5190,113666,4408,113668,1905],{"id":113665},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113667,102610],{},[15,113669,113670],{},"|",[20,113672,113673,113674,113676,113677,113679],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113675,113670],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113678,102610],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[45,113681,1927],{"id":1926},[29,113683,113684,113688,113694,113700,113706],{},[32,113685,113686],{},[354,113687,96139],{"href":97310},[32,113689,113690],{},[354,113691,13,113692,10742],{"href":98330},[15,113693,97125],{},[32,113695,113696],{},[354,113697,13,113698,10742],{"href":102599},[15,113699,106384],{},[32,113701,113702],{},[354,113703,13,113704,10742],{"href":113569},[15,113705,100230],{},[32,113707,113708],{},[354,113709,100155],{"href":98888},[1953,113711,113712],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":113714},[113715,113716,113718,113719,113720,113721,113723,113729,113734,113741,113742,113753],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":111810,"depth":110,"text":113717},"What set.union() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":21966,"depth":110,"text":21967},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":112297,"depth":110,"text":113722},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112455,"depth":110,"text":113724,"children":113725},"Using union() with other iterables",[113726,113727,113728],{"id":112466,"depth":117,"text":112467},{"id":112586,"depth":117,"text":112587},{"id":112728,"depth":117,"text":112729},{"id":112866,"depth":110,"text":113730,"children":113731},"union() vs update()",[113732,113733],{"id":111080,"depth":117,"text":102610},{"id":30452,"depth":117,"text":14954},{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":113735},[113736,113738,113739,113740],{"id":113073,"depth":117,"text":113737},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113241,"depth":117,"text":113242},{"id":113310,"depth":117,"text":113311},{"id":113436,"depth":117,"text":113437},{"id":113534,"depth":110,"text":113535},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":113743},[113744,113746,113748,113750,113751],{"id":113631,"depth":117,"text":113745},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113638,"depth":117,"text":113747},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113647,"depth":117,"text":113749},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113658,"depth":117,"text":113659},{"id":113665,"depth":117,"text":113752},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111690,"description":113754},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113760,"title":113761,"body":113762,"description":115651,"extension":1988,"meta":115652,"navigation":113,"path":96624,"seo":115653,"stem":115654,"__hash__":115655},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113763,"toc":115617},[113764,113769,113774,113782,113784,113842,113847,113852,113856,113868,113871,113945,113950,113952,113954,113973,113975,113992,113995,114022,114024,114094,114098,114100,114106,114108,114169,114174,114176,114233,114237,114242,114307,114309,114329,114336,114340,114345,114430,114433,114440,114543,114547,114552,114610,114613,114624,114638,114645,114703,114710,114713,114723,114727,114785,114789,114855,114858,114916,114923,114930,114933,114937,114946,115015,115019,115025,115113,115123,115127,115131,115135,115138,115199,115204,115261,115265,115267,115302,115309,115311,115365,115372,115376,115379,115444,115453,115459,115516,115518,115523,115527,115531,115534,115541,115549,115553,115558,115562,115568,115570,115605,115614],[10,113765,96011,113767,11324],{"id":113766},"python-set-update-method",[15,113768,14954],{},[20,113770,113771,113773],{},[15,113772,97125],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113775,113776,113777,113781],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[354,113778,113779],{"href":98311},[15,113780,96019],{},", which adds only one item.",[45,113783,3624],{"id":3623},[50,113785,113787],{"className":52,"code":113786,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113788,113789,113805,113827,113837],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113792,664],{"class":65},[59,113794,70],{"class":69},[59,113796,10491],{"class":73},[59,113798,187],{"class":178},[59,113800,87],{"class":73},[59,113802,3009],{"class":178},[59,113804,9309],{"class":73},[59,113806,113807,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113808,707],{"class":65},[59,113810,358],{"class":73},[59,113812,30452],{"class":142},[59,113814,1629],{"class":73},[59,113816,195],{"class":178},[59,113818,87],{"class":73},[59,113820,2469],{"class":178},[59,113822,87],{"class":73},[59,113824,2475],{"class":178},[59,113826,3902],{"class":73},[59,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113830,715],{"class":135},[59,113832,139],{"class":73},[59,113834,707],{"class":142},[59,113836,165],{"class":73},[59,113838,113839],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113840,113841],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113843,201,113844,113846],{},[15,113845,14954],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[45,113848,208,113850,211],{"id":113849},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113851,97125],{},[20,113853,113854,1002],{},[15,113855,97125],{},[29,113857,113858,113861,113863,113866],{},[32,113859,113860],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[32,113862,96126],{},[32,113864,113865],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[32,113867,96129],{},[20,113869,113870],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[50,113872,113874],{"className":52,"code":113873,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113875,113876,113900,113926,113930,113940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113877,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892,113894,113896,113898],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113879,66],{"class":65},[59,113881,70],{"class":69},[59,113883,10491],{"class":73},[59,113885,78],{"class":77},[59,113887,82],{"class":81},[59,113889,78],{"class":77},[59,113891,87],{"class":73},[59,113893,90],{"class":77},[59,113895,102],{"class":81},[59,113897,78],{"class":77},[59,113899,9309],{"class":73},[59,113901,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,113903,143],{"class":65},[59,113905,358],{"class":73},[59,113907,30452],{"class":142},[59,113909,1629],{"class":73},[59,113911,78],{"class":77},[59,113913,102],{"class":81},[59,113915,78],{"class":77},[59,113917,87],{"class":73},[59,113919,90],{"class":77},[59,113921,93],{"class":81},[59,113923,78],{"class":77},[59,113925,3902],{"class":73},[59,113927,113928],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,113929,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,113931,113932,113934,113936,113938],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,113933,715],{"class":135},[59,113935,139],{"class":73},[59,113937,143],{"class":142},[59,113939,165],{"class":73},[59,113941,113942],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,113943,113944],{"class":3678},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113946,20977,113947,113949],{},[15,113948,110845],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[45,113951,362],{"id":361},[20,113953,7225],{},[50,113955,113957],{"className":52,"code":113956,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113958,113959],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,113960,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,113962,15667],{"class":65},[59,113964,358],{"class":73},[59,113966,30452],{"class":142},[59,113968,139],{"class":73},[59,113970,380],{"class":142},[59,113972,165],{"class":73},[20,113974,80011],{},[29,113976,113977,113980,113983,113986,113989],{},[32,113978,113979],{},"A list",[32,113981,113982],{},"A tuple",[32,113984,113985],{},"Another set",[32,113987,113988],{},"A string",[32,113990,113991],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113993,113994],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[50,113996,113998],{"className":52,"code":113997,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113999,114000],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114001,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114003,15667],{"class":65},[59,114005,358],{"class":73},[59,114007,30452],{"class":142},[59,114009,139],{"class":73},[59,114011,354],{"class":142},[59,114013,87],{"class":73},[59,114015,2577],{"class":142},[59,114017,87],{"class":73},[59,114019,9682],{"class":142},[59,114021,165],{"class":73},[20,114023,239],{},[50,114025,114027],{"className":52,"code":114026,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114028,114029,114041,114075,114079,114089],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114030,114031,114033,114035,114037,114039],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114032,3837],{"class":65},[59,114034,70],{"class":69},[59,114036,10491],{"class":73},[59,114038,187],{"class":178},[59,114040,9309],{"class":73},[59,114042,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114044,5366],{"class":65},[59,114046,358],{"class":73},[59,114048,30452],{"class":142},[59,114050,1629],{"class":73},[59,114052,195],{"class":178},[59,114054,87],{"class":73},[59,114056,2469],{"class":178},[59,114058,1697],{"class":73},[59,114060,747],{"class":73},[59,114062,2522],{"class":178},[59,114064,87],{"class":73},[59,114066,4621],{"class":178},[59,114068,744],{"class":73},[59,114070,10491],{"class":73},[59,114072,80402],{"class":178},[59,114074,30484],{"class":73},[59,114076,114077],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114078,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114080,114081,114083,114085,114087],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114082,715],{"class":135},[59,114084,139],{"class":73},[59,114086,5366],{"class":142},[59,114088,165],{"class":73},[59,114090,114091],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114092,114093],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114095,96135,114096,358],{},[354,114097,96143],{"href":97694},[45,114099,21967],{"id":21966},[20,114101,114102,2414,114104,358],{},[15,114103,97125],{},[15,114105,3792],{},[20,114107,11717],{},[50,114109,114111],{"className":52,"code":114110,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114112,114113,114129,114151,114155,114165],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114114,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114116,664],{"class":65},[59,114118,70],{"class":69},[59,114120,10491],{"class":73},[59,114122,187],{"class":178},[59,114124,87],{"class":73},[59,114126,3009],{"class":178},[59,114128,9309],{"class":73},[59,114130,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114132,692],{"class":65},[59,114134,70],{"class":69},[59,114136,4277],{"class":65},[59,114138,358],{"class":73},[59,114140,30452],{"class":142},[59,114142,1629],{"class":73},[59,114144,950],{"class":178},[59,114146,87],{"class":73},[59,114148,2475],{"class":178},[59,114150,3902],{"class":73},[59,114152,114153],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114154,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114156,114157,114159,114161,114163],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114158,715],{"class":135},[59,114160,139],{"class":73},[59,114162,720],{"class":142},[59,114164,165],{"class":73},[59,114166,114167],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114168,61638],{"class":3678},[20,114170,114171,114172,358],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114173,720],{},[20,114175,18967],{},[50,114177,114179],{"className":52,"code":114178,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114180,114181,114197,114215,114219,114229],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114182,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114184,664],{"class":65},[59,114186,70],{"class":69},[59,114188,10491],{"class":73},[59,114190,187],{"class":178},[59,114192,87],{"class":73},[59,114194,3009],{"class":178},[59,114196,9309],{"class":73},[59,114198,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114200,707],{"class":65},[59,114202,358],{"class":73},[59,114204,30452],{"class":142},[59,114206,1629],{"class":73},[59,114208,950],{"class":178},[59,114210,87],{"class":73},[59,114212,2475],{"class":178},[59,114214,3902],{"class":73},[59,114216,114217],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114218,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114220,114221,114223,114225,114227],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114222,715],{"class":135},[59,114224,139],{"class":73},[59,114226,707],{"class":142},[59,114228,165],{"class":73},[59,114230,114231],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114232,113841],{"class":3678},[45,114234,114236],{"id":114235},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114238,114239,114240,358],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114241,14954],{},[50,114243,114245],{"className":52,"code":114244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114246,114247,114263,114289,114293,114303],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114248,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114250,664],{"class":65},[59,114252,70],{"class":69},[59,114254,10491],{"class":73},[59,114256,187],{"class":178},[59,114258,87],{"class":73},[59,114260,3009],{"class":178},[59,114262,9309],{"class":73},[59,114264,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285,114287],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114266,707],{"class":65},[59,114268,358],{"class":73},[59,114270,30452],{"class":142},[59,114272,1629],{"class":73},[59,114274,195],{"class":178},[59,114276,87],{"class":73},[59,114278,2469],{"class":178},[59,114280,87],{"class":73},[59,114282,2475],{"class":178},[59,114284,87],{"class":73},[59,114286,2475],{"class":178},[59,114288,3902],{"class":73},[59,114290,114291],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114292,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114294,114295,114297,114299,114301],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114296,715],{"class":135},[59,114298,139],{"class":73},[59,114300,707],{"class":142},[59,114302,165],{"class":73},[59,114304,114305],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114306,113841],{"class":3678},[20,114308,11687],{},[29,114310,114311,114316,114323],{},[32,114312,114313,114315],{},[15,114314,195],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[32,114317,114318,4408,114320,114322],{},[15,114319,950],{},[15,114321,2522],{}," are added",[32,114324,114325,114326,114328],{},"The second ",[15,114327,2522],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114330,114331,114332,114335],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[354,114333,114334],{"href":98888},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[45,114337,114339],{"id":114338},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114341,7771,114342,114344],{},[15,114343,14954],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[50,114346,114348],{"className":52,"code":114347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114349,114350,114371,114392,114396,114412,114416,114426],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114351,114352,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114353,114354],{"class":65},"set_a ",[59,114356,70],{"class":69},[59,114358,10491],{"class":73},[59,114360,187],{"class":178},[59,114362,87],{"class":73},[59,114364,3009],{"class":178},[59,114366,87],{"class":73},[59,114368,2469],{"class":178},[59,114370,9309],{"class":73},[59,114372,114373,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114374,114375],{"class":65},"set_b ",[59,114377,70],{"class":69},[59,114379,10491],{"class":73},[59,114381,950],{"class":178},[59,114383,87],{"class":73},[59,114385,2475],{"class":178},[59,114387,87],{"class":73},[59,114389,4621],{"class":178},[59,114391,9309],{"class":73},[59,114393,114394],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114395,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114397,114398,114401,114403,114405,114407,114410],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114399,114400],{"class":65},"set_a",[59,114402,358],{"class":73},[59,114404,30452],{"class":142},[59,114406,139],{"class":73},[59,114408,114409],{"class":142},"set_b",[59,114411,165],{"class":73},[59,114413,114414],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114415,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114417,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,114419,715],{"class":135},[59,114421,139],{"class":73},[59,114423,114400],{"class":142},[59,114425,165],{"class":73},[59,114427,114428],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,114429,111802],{"class":3678},[20,114431,114432],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114434,114435,114436,358],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[354,114437,114438],{"href":102607},[15,114439,107854],{},[50,114441,114443],{"className":52,"code":114442,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114444,114445,114465,114485,114489,114509,114513,114524,114528,114538],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114446,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114448,114354],{"class":65},[59,114450,70],{"class":69},[59,114452,10491],{"class":73},[59,114454,187],{"class":178},[59,114456,87],{"class":73},[59,114458,3009],{"class":178},[59,114460,87],{"class":73},[59,114462,2469],{"class":178},[59,114464,9309],{"class":73},[59,114466,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481,114483],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114468,114375],{"class":65},[59,114470,70],{"class":69},[59,114472,10491],{"class":73},[59,114474,950],{"class":178},[59,114476,87],{"class":73},[59,114478,2475],{"class":178},[59,114480,87],{"class":73},[59,114482,4621],{"class":178},[59,114484,9309],{"class":73},[59,114486,114487],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114488,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114490,114491,114494,114496,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114492,114493],{"class":65},"combined ",[59,114495,70],{"class":69},[59,114497,114498],{"class":65}," set_a",[59,114500,358],{"class":73},[59,114502,111080],{"class":142},[59,114504,139],{"class":73},[59,114506,114409],{"class":142},[59,114508,165],{"class":73},[59,114510,114511],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114512,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114514,114515,114517,114519,114522],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,114516,715],{"class":135},[59,114518,139],{"class":73},[59,114520,114521],{"class":142},"combined",[59,114523,165],{"class":73},[59,114525,114526],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,114527,111802],{"class":3678},[59,114529,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,114531,715],{"class":135},[59,114533,139],{"class":73},[59,114535,114400],{"class":142},[59,114537,165],{"class":73},[59,114539,114540],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,114541,114542],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[45,114544,114546],{"id":114545},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114548,64547,114549,114551],{},[15,114550,14954],{}," adds each character separately.",[50,114553,114555],{"className":52,"code":114554,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114556,114557,114573,114591,114595,114605],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114558,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114560,425],{"class":65},[59,114562,70],{"class":69},[59,114564,10491],{"class":73},[59,114566,78],{"class":77},[59,114568,1260],{"class":81},[59,114570,78],{"class":77},[59,114572,9309],{"class":73},[59,114574,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114576,480],{"class":65},[59,114578,358],{"class":73},[59,114580,30452],{"class":142},[59,114582,139],{"class":73},[59,114584,78],{"class":77},[59,114586,1439],{"class":81},[59,114588,78],{"class":77},[59,114590,165],{"class":73},[59,114592,114593],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114594,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114598,715],{"class":135},[59,114600,139],{"class":73},[59,114602,480],{"class":142},[59,114604,165],{"class":73},[59,114606,114607],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114608,114609],{"class":3678},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114611,114612],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114614,114615,14053,114618,114620,114621,114623],{},[15,114616,114617],{},"update(\"cat\")",[549,114619,4647],{}," add ",[15,114622,112847],{}," as one item. It adds:",[29,114625,114626,114630,114634],{},[32,114627,114628],{},[15,114629,66289],{},[32,114631,114632],{},[15,114633,18094],{},[32,114635,114636],{},[15,114637,112863],{},[20,114639,114640,114641,1002],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[354,114642,114643],{"href":98311},[15,114644,96019],{},[50,114646,114648],{"className":52,"code":114647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114649,114650,114666,114684,114688,114698],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114651,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114653,4085],{"class":65},[59,114655,70],{"class":69},[59,114657,10491],{"class":73},[59,114659,78],{"class":77},[59,114661,57933],{"class":81},[59,114663,78],{"class":77},[59,114665,9309],{"class":73},[59,114667,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114669,4127],{"class":65},[59,114671,358],{"class":73},[59,114673,81914],{"class":142},[59,114675,139],{"class":73},[59,114677,78],{"class":77},[59,114679,1439],{"class":81},[59,114681,78],{"class":77},[59,114683,165],{"class":73},[59,114685,114686],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114687,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114689,114690,114692,114694,114696],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114691,715],{"class":135},[59,114693,139],{"class":73},[59,114695,4127],{"class":142},[59,114697,165],{"class":73},[59,114699,114700],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114701,114702],{"class":3678},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[45,114704,114706,10586,114708],{"id":114705},"update-vs-add",[15,114707,14954],{},[15,114709,96014],{},[20,114711,114712],{},"The difference is simple:",[29,114714,114715,114719],{},[32,114716,114717,96613],{},[15,114718,96014],{},[32,114720,114721,96618],{},[15,114722,14954],{},[20,114724,45842,114725,1002],{},[15,114726,96014],{},[50,114728,114730],{"className":52,"code":114729,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114731,114732,114748,114766,114770,114780],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114733,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114735,579],{"class":65},[59,114737,70],{"class":69},[59,114739,10491],{"class":73},[59,114741,78],{"class":77},[59,114743,588],{"class":81},[59,114745,78],{"class":77},[59,114747,9309],{"class":73},[59,114749,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114751,634],{"class":65},[59,114753,358],{"class":73},[59,114755,81914],{"class":142},[59,114757,139],{"class":73},[59,114759,78],{"class":77},[59,114761,597],{"class":81},[59,114763,78],{"class":77},[59,114765,165],{"class":73},[59,114767,114768],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114769,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114773,715],{"class":135},[59,114775,139],{"class":73},[59,114777,634],{"class":142},[59,114779,165],{"class":73},[59,114781,114782],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114783,114784],{"class":3678},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114786,45842,114787,1002],{},[15,114788,14954],{},[50,114790,114792],{"className":52,"code":114791,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114793,114794,114810,114836,114840,114850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114795,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114797,579],{"class":65},[59,114799,70],{"class":69},[59,114801,10491],{"class":73},[59,114803,78],{"class":77},[59,114805,588],{"class":81},[59,114807,78],{"class":77},[59,114809,9309],{"class":73},[59,114811,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114813,634],{"class":65},[59,114815,358],{"class":73},[59,114817,30452],{"class":142},[59,114819,1629],{"class":73},[59,114821,78],{"class":77},[59,114823,597],{"class":81},[59,114825,78],{"class":77},[59,114827,87],{"class":73},[59,114829,90],{"class":77},[59,114831,606],{"class":81},[59,114833,78],{"class":77},[59,114835,3902],{"class":73},[59,114837,114838],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114839,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114841,114842,114844,114846,114848],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114843,715],{"class":135},[59,114845,139],{"class":73},[59,114847,634],{"class":142},[59,114849,165],{"class":73},[59,114851,114852],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114853,114854],{"class":3678},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114856,114857],{},"Important warning with strings:",[50,114859,114861],{"className":52,"code":114860,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114862,114863,114879,114897,114901,114911],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114864,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114866,579],{"class":65},[59,114868,70],{"class":69},[59,114870,10491],{"class":73},[59,114872,78],{"class":77},[59,114874,588],{"class":81},[59,114876,78],{"class":77},[59,114878,9309],{"class":73},[59,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114882,634],{"class":65},[59,114884,358],{"class":73},[59,114886,30452],{"class":142},[59,114888,139],{"class":73},[59,114890,78],{"class":77},[59,114892,38139],{"class":81},[59,114894,78],{"class":77},[59,114896,165],{"class":73},[59,114898,114899],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114900,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114902,114903,114905,114907,114909],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114904,715],{"class":135},[59,114906,139],{"class":73},[59,114908,634],{"class":142},[59,114910,165],{"class":73},[59,114912,114913],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,114914,114915],{"class":3678},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114917,61913,114918,61986,114921,6638],{},[15,114919,114920],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114922,96014],{},[45,114924,114926,10586,114928],{"id":114925},"update-vs-union",[15,114927,14954],{},[15,114929,102610],{},[20,114931,114932],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1127,114934,114935],{"id":30452},[15,114936,14954],{},[29,114938,114939,114942],{},[32,114940,114941],{},"Changes the existing set",[32,114943,11426,114944],{},[15,114945,3792],{},[50,114947,114949],{"className":52,"code":114948,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114950,114951,114967,114983,114987,115001,115011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,114952,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,114954,2572],{"class":65},[59,114956,70],{"class":69},[59,114958,10491],{"class":73},[59,114960,187],{"class":178},[59,114962,87],{"class":73},[59,114964,3009],{"class":178},[59,114966,9309],{"class":73},[59,114968,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,114970,2600],{"class":65},[59,114972,70],{"class":69},[59,114974,10491],{"class":73},[59,114976,195],{"class":178},[59,114978,87],{"class":73},[59,114980,2469],{"class":178},[59,114982,9309],{"class":73},[59,114984,114985],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,114986,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,114988,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,114990,354],{"class":65},[59,114992,358],{"class":73},[59,114994,30452],{"class":142},[59,114996,139],{"class":73},[59,114998,442],{"class":142},[59,115000,165],{"class":73},[59,115002,115003,115005,115007,115009],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115004,715],{"class":135},[59,115006,139],{"class":73},[59,115008,354],{"class":142},[59,115010,165],{"class":73},[59,115012,115013],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,115014,114542],{"class":3678},[1127,115016,115017],{"id":111080},[15,115018,102610],{},[29,115020,115021,115023],{},[32,115022,101148],{},[32,115024,101151],{},[50,115026,115028],{"className":52,"code":115027,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115029,115030,115046,115062,115066,115084,115094,115098,115108],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115031,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115033,2572],{"class":65},[59,115035,70],{"class":69},[59,115037,10491],{"class":73},[59,115039,187],{"class":178},[59,115041,87],{"class":73},[59,115043,3009],{"class":178},[59,115045,9309],{"class":73},[59,115047,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115049,2600],{"class":65},[59,115051,70],{"class":69},[59,115053,10491],{"class":73},[59,115055,195],{"class":178},[59,115057,87],{"class":73},[59,115059,2469],{"class":178},[59,115061,9309],{"class":73},[59,115063,115064],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115065,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115069,82994],{"class":65},[59,115071,70],{"class":69},[59,115073,56693],{"class":65},[59,115075,358],{"class":73},[59,115077,111080],{"class":142},[59,115079,139],{"class":73},[59,115081,442],{"class":142},[59,115083,165],{"class":73},[59,115085,115086,115088,115090,115092],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115087,715],{"class":135},[59,115089,139],{"class":73},[59,115091,451],{"class":142},[59,115093,165],{"class":73},[59,115095,115096],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,115097,114542],{"class":3678},[59,115099,115100,115102,115104,115106],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,115101,715],{"class":135},[59,115103,139],{"class":73},[59,115105,354],{"class":142},[59,115107,165],{"class":73},[59,115109,115110],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,115111,115112],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115114,107496,115115,115117,115118,115122],{},[15,115116,14954],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[354,115119,115120],{"href":102607},[15,115121,102610],{}," when you want a new set.",[45,115124,115126],{"id":115125},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115128,10749,115129,358],{},[15,115130,97125],{},[1127,115132,115134],{"id":115133},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115136,115137],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[50,115139,115141],{"className":52,"code":115140,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115142,115143,115159,115181,115185,115195],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115146,15629],{"class":65},[59,115148,70],{"class":69},[59,115150,10491],{"class":73},[59,115152,187],{"class":178},[59,115154,87],{"class":73},[59,115156,3009],{"class":178},[59,115158,9309],{"class":73},[59,115160,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115162,692],{"class":65},[59,115164,70],{"class":69},[59,115166,96735],{"class":65},[59,115168,358],{"class":73},[59,115170,30452],{"class":142},[59,115172,1629],{"class":73},[59,115174,950],{"class":178},[59,115176,87],{"class":73},[59,115178,2475],{"class":178},[59,115180,3902],{"class":73},[59,115182,115183],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115184,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115186,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115188,715],{"class":135},[59,115190,139],{"class":73},[59,115192,720],{"class":142},[59,115194,165],{"class":73},[59,115196,115197],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115198,61638],{"class":3678},[20,115200,115201,115202,1002],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115203,14954],{},[50,115205,115207],{"className":52,"code":115206,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115208,115209,115225,115243,115247,115257],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115210,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115212,15629],{"class":65},[59,115214,70],{"class":69},[59,115216,10491],{"class":73},[59,115218,187],{"class":178},[59,115220,87],{"class":73},[59,115222,3009],{"class":178},[59,115224,9309],{"class":73},[59,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115228,15667],{"class":65},[59,115230,358],{"class":73},[59,115232,30452],{"class":142},[59,115234,1629],{"class":73},[59,115236,950],{"class":178},[59,115238,87],{"class":73},[59,115240,2475],{"class":178},[59,115242,3902],{"class":73},[59,115244,115245],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115246,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115248,115249,115251,115253,115255],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115250,715],{"class":135},[59,115252,139],{"class":73},[59,115254,15667],{"class":142},[59,115256,165],{"class":73},[59,115258,115259],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115260,113841],{"class":3678},[1127,115262,115264],{"id":115263},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115266,2854],{},[50,115268,115270],{"className":52,"code":115269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115271,115272,115288],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115275,15629],{"class":65},[59,115277,70],{"class":69},[59,115279,10491],{"class":73},[59,115281,187],{"class":178},[59,115283,87],{"class":73},[59,115285,3009],{"class":178},[59,115287,9309],{"class":73},[59,115289,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115291,15667],{"class":65},[59,115293,358],{"class":73},[59,115295,30452],{"class":142},[59,115297,139],{"class":73},[59,115299,2159],{"class":178},[59,115301,165],{"class":73},[20,115303,62092,115304,8605,115306,115308],{},[15,115305,3021],{},[15,115307,2159],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115310,6561],{},[50,115312,115314],{"className":52,"code":115313,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115315,115316,115332,115346,115350,115360],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115317,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115319,15629],{"class":65},[59,115321,70],{"class":69},[59,115323,10491],{"class":73},[59,115325,187],{"class":178},[59,115327,87],{"class":73},[59,115329,3009],{"class":178},[59,115331,9309],{"class":73},[59,115333,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115335,15667],{"class":65},[59,115337,358],{"class":73},[59,115339,30452],{"class":142},[59,115341,1629],{"class":73},[59,115343,2159],{"class":178},[59,115345,3902],{"class":73},[59,115347,115348],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115349,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115351,115352,115354,115356,115358],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115353,715],{"class":135},[59,115355,139],{"class":73},[59,115357,15667],{"class":142},[59,115359,165],{"class":73},[59,115361,115362],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115363,115364],{"class":3678},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115366,45715,115367,358],{},[354,115368,25669,115369],{"href":52404},[15,115370,115371],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1127,115373,115375],{"id":115374},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115377,115378],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[50,115380,115382],{"className":52,"code":115381,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115383,115384,115400,115426,115430,115440],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115387,15629],{"class":65},[59,115389,70],{"class":69},[59,115391,10491],{"class":73},[59,115393,187],{"class":178},[59,115395,87],{"class":73},[59,115397,3009],{"class":178},[59,115399,9309],{"class":73},[59,115401,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115403,15667],{"class":65},[59,115405,358],{"class":73},[59,115407,30452],{"class":142},[59,115409,1629],{"class":73},[59,115411,195],{"class":178},[59,115413,87],{"class":73},[59,115415,3009],{"class":178},[59,115417,87],{"class":73},[59,115419,3009],{"class":178},[59,115421,87],{"class":73},[59,115423,2469],{"class":178},[59,115425,3902],{"class":73},[59,115427,115428],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115429,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115431,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115433,715],{"class":135},[59,115435,139],{"class":73},[59,115437,15667],{"class":142},[59,115439,165],{"class":73},[59,115441,115442],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115443,114542],{"class":3678},[1127,115445,115447,115448,44431,115450,115452],{"id":115446},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115449,14954],{},[15,115451,96014],{}," is better",[20,115454,115455,115456,115458],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115457,96014],{}," is usually the better choice.",[50,115460,115462],{"className":52,"code":115461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115463,115464,115480,115498,115502,115512],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115467,15629],{"class":65},[59,115469,70],{"class":69},[59,115471,10491],{"class":73},[59,115473,78],{"class":77},[59,115475,57933],{"class":81},[59,115477,78],{"class":77},[59,115479,9309],{"class":73},[59,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115483,15667],{"class":65},[59,115485,358],{"class":73},[59,115487,81914],{"class":142},[59,115489,139],{"class":73},[59,115491,78],{"class":77},[59,115493,1439],{"class":81},[59,115495,78],{"class":77},[59,115497,165],{"class":73},[59,115499,115500],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115501,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115503,115504,115506,115508,115510],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115505,715],{"class":135},[59,115507,139],{"class":73},[59,115509,15667],{"class":142},[59,115511,165],{"class":73},[59,115513,115514],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115515,114702],{"class":3678},[45,115517,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,115519,1882,115521,97104],{"id":115520},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115522,97125],{},[20,115524,97107,115525,358],{},[15,115526,3792],{},[1127,115528,28318,115529,32215],{"id":32212},[15,115530,14954],{},[20,115532,115533],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1127,115535,5190,115537,4408,115539,1905],{"id":115536},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115538,96014],{},[15,115540,14954],{},[20,115542,115543,115545,115546,115548],{},[15,115544,96014],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115547,14954],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1127,115550,115552],{"id":115551},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115554,115555,115556,114551],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115557,14954],{},[1127,115559,115561],{"id":115560},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115563,201,115564,999,115566,358],{},[15,115565,102610],{},[15,115567,14954],{},[45,115569,1927],{"id":1926},[29,115571,115572,115579,115586,115592,115598],{},[32,115573,115574],{},[354,115575,115576],{"href":98311},[15,115577,115578],{},"Python set add() method",[32,115580,115581],{},[354,115582,115583],{"href":102607},[15,115584,115585],{},"Python set union() method",[32,115587,115588],{},[354,115589,115590],{"href":97694},[15,115591,97149],{},[32,115593,115594],{},[354,115595,115596],{"href":98888},[15,115597,100155],{},[32,115599,115600],{},[354,115601,115602,115604],{"href":52404},[15,115603,115371],{}," fix",[20,115606,115607,115608,115610,115611,115613],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115609,96019],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115612,107854],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1953,115615,115616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":115618},[115619,115620,115622,115623,115624,115625,115626,115627,115629,115634,115641,115650],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":113849,"depth":110,"text":115621},"What set.update() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":21966,"depth":110,"text":21967},{"id":114235,"depth":110,"text":114236},{"id":114338,"depth":110,"text":114339},{"id":114545,"depth":110,"text":114546},{"id":114705,"depth":110,"text":115628},"update() vs add()",{"id":114925,"depth":110,"text":115630,"children":115631},"update() vs union()",[115632,115633],{"id":30452,"depth":117,"text":14954},{"id":111080,"depth":117,"text":102610},{"id":115125,"depth":110,"text":115126,"children":115635},[115636,115637,115638,115639],{"id":115133,"depth":117,"text":115134},{"id":115263,"depth":117,"text":115264},{"id":115374,"depth":117,"text":115375},{"id":115446,"depth":117,"text":115640},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":115642},[115643,115645,115646,115648,115649],{"id":115520,"depth":117,"text":115644},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32212,"depth":117,"text":32285},{"id":115536,"depth":117,"text":115647},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115551,"depth":117,"text":115552},{"id":115560,"depth":117,"text":115561},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113761,"description":115651},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115657,"title":115658,"body":115659,"description":117425,"extension":1988,"meta":117426,"navigation":113,"path":13789,"seo":117427,"stem":117428,"__hash__":117429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115660,"toc":117400},[115661,115664,115667,115670,115681,115689,115692,115694,115843,115855,115859,115876,115880,115888,115890,115901,115903,116000,116006,116009,116105,116114,116119,116123,116128,116130,116140,116142,116251,116259,116263,116266,116269,116286,116292,116372,116375,116379,116382,116386,116389,116448,116451,116455,116458,116550,116554,116557,116664,116668,116674,116702,116704,116786,116796,116800,116803,116814,116817,116902,116905,116910,116914,116917,116928,116931,117073,117076,117080,117083,117097,117100,117161,117167,117169,117172,117194,117197,117297,117300,117332,117334,117338,117341,117343,117346,117350,117353,117357,117360,117364,117367,117369,117397],[10,115662,115658],{"id":115663},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115665,115666],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115668,115669],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[29,115671,115672,115675,115678],{},[32,115673,115674],{},"a list inside another list",[32,115676,115677],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[32,115679,115680],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115682,100077,115683,4408,115685,115688],{},[549,115684,12853],{},[549,115686,115687],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115690,115691],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[45,115693,48],{"id":47},[50,115695,115697],{"className":52,"code":115696,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115698,115699,115706,115710,115736,115756,115776,115780,115798,115802,115815,115829],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115700,115701,115703],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115702,35079],{"class":120},[59,115704,115705],{"class":65}," copy\n",[59,115707,115708],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115709,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115711,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115713,12088],{"class":65},[59,115715,70],{"class":69},[59,115717,56099],{"class":73},[59,115719,187],{"class":178},[59,115721,87],{"class":73},[59,115723,3009],{"class":178},[59,115725,1697],{"class":73},[59,115727,74],{"class":73},[59,115729,950],{"class":178},[59,115731,87],{"class":73},[59,115733,2475],{"class":178},[59,115735,53047],{"class":73},[59,115737,115738,115741,115743,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115739,115740],{"class":65},"shallow ",[59,115742,70],{"class":69},[59,115744,115745],{"class":65}," copy",[59,115747,358],{"class":73},[59,115749,12913],{"class":142},[59,115751,139],{"class":73},[59,115753,12135],{"class":142},[59,115755,165],{"class":73},[59,115757,115758,115761,115763,115765,115767,115770,115772,115774],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115759,115760],{"class":65},"deep ",[59,115762,70],{"class":69},[59,115764,115745],{"class":65},[59,115766,358],{"class":73},[59,115768,115769],{"class":142},"deepcopy",[59,115771,139],{"class":73},[59,115773,12135],{"class":142},[59,115775,165],{"class":73},[59,115777,115778],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,115779,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115781,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794,115796],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,115783,12135],{"class":65},[59,115785,3914],{"class":73},[59,115787,179],{"class":178},[59,115789,13549],{"class":73},[59,115791,13552],{"class":142},[59,115793,139],{"class":73},[59,115795,56152],{"class":178},[59,115797,165],{"class":73},[59,115799,115800],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,115801,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115803,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,115805,715],{"class":135},[59,115807,139],{"class":73},[59,115809,12135],{"class":142},[59,115811,3675],{"class":73},[59,115813,115814],{"class":3678},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[59,115816,115817,115819,115821,115824,115826],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,115818,715],{"class":135},[59,115820,139],{"class":73},[59,115822,115823],{"class":142},"shallow",[59,115825,3675],{"class":73},[59,115827,115828],{"class":3678},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[59,115830,115831,115833,115835,115838,115840],{"class":61,"line":11598},[59,115832,715],{"class":135},[59,115834,139],{"class":73},[59,115836,115837],{"class":142},"deep",[59,115839,3675],{"class":73},[59,115841,115842],{"class":3678},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115844,201,115845,115848,115849,4408,115851,115854],{},[15,115846,115847],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[549,115850,12853],{},[15,115852,115853],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[45,115856,115858],{"id":115857},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[29,115860,115861,115864,115867,115870,115873],{},[32,115862,115863],{},"What a copy means in Python",[32,115865,115866],{},"How shallow copy works",[32,115868,115869],{},"How deep copy works",[32,115871,115872],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[32,115874,115875],{},"When to use each approach",[45,115877,115879],{"id":115878},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115881,15189,115882,115884,115885,115887],{},[549,115883,12853],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[549,115886,4647],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115889,2130],{},[29,115891,115892,115895,115898],{},[32,115893,115894],{},"the outer container is new",[32,115896,115897],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[32,115899,115900],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115902,239],{},[50,115904,115906],{"className":52,"code":115905,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115907,115908,115934,115948,115952,115970,115974,115987],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,115909,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928,115930,115932],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,115911,12088],{"class":65},[59,115913,70],{"class":69},[59,115915,56099],{"class":73},[59,115917,187],{"class":178},[59,115919,87],{"class":73},[59,115921,3009],{"class":178},[59,115923,1697],{"class":73},[59,115925,74],{"class":73},[59,115927,950],{"class":178},[59,115929,87],{"class":73},[59,115931,2475],{"class":178},[59,115933,53047],{"class":73},[59,115935,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,115937,14311],{"class":65},[59,115939,70],{"class":69},[59,115941,12163],{"class":65},[59,115943,358],{"class":73},[59,115945,12913],{"class":142},[59,115947,8647],{"class":73},[59,115949,115950],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,115951,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115953,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,115955,14330],{"class":65},[59,115957,358],{"class":73},[59,115959,13552],{"class":142},[59,115961,1629],{"class":73},[59,115963,2159],{"class":178},[59,115965,87],{"class":73},[59,115967,37441],{"class":178},[59,115969,3902],{"class":73},[59,115971,115972],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,115973,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,115975,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,115977,715],{"class":135},[59,115979,139],{"class":73},[59,115981,12135],{"class":142},[59,115983,3675],{"class":73},[59,115985,115986],{"class":3678},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[59,115988,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,115990,715],{"class":135},[59,115992,139],{"class":73},[59,115994,14330],{"class":142},[59,115996,3675],{"class":73},[59,115998,115999],{"class":3678},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116001,116002,116003,116005],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116004,14330],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116007,116008],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[50,116010,116012],{"className":52,"code":116011,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116013,116014,116040,116054,116058,116076,116080,116092],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116015,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036,116038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116017,12088],{"class":65},[59,116019,70],{"class":69},[59,116021,56099],{"class":73},[59,116023,187],{"class":178},[59,116025,87],{"class":73},[59,116027,3009],{"class":178},[59,116029,1697],{"class":73},[59,116031,74],{"class":73},[59,116033,950],{"class":178},[59,116035,87],{"class":73},[59,116037,2475],{"class":178},[59,116039,53047],{"class":73},[59,116041,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116043,14311],{"class":65},[59,116045,70],{"class":69},[59,116047,12163],{"class":65},[59,116049,358],{"class":73},[59,116051,12913],{"class":142},[59,116053,8647],{"class":73},[59,116055,116056],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116057,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116059,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116061,14330],{"class":65},[59,116063,3914],{"class":73},[59,116065,179],{"class":178},[59,116067,13549],{"class":73},[59,116069,13552],{"class":142},[59,116071,139],{"class":73},[59,116073,56152],{"class":178},[59,116075,165],{"class":73},[59,116077,116078],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116079,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116081,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116083,715],{"class":135},[59,116085,139],{"class":73},[59,116087,12135],{"class":142},[59,116089,3675],{"class":73},[59,116091,115814],{"class":3678},[59,116093,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116095,715],{"class":135},[59,116097,139],{"class":73},[59,116099,14330],{"class":142},[59,116101,3675],{"class":73},[59,116103,116104],{"class":3678},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116106,116107,116108,4408,116110,116113],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116109,56256],{},[15,116111,116112],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116115,116116,116117,358],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[354,116118,43737],{"href":12067},[45,116120,116122],{"id":116121},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116124,15189,116125,116127],{},[549,116126,115687],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116129,2130],{},[29,116131,116132,116134,116137],{},[32,116133,115894],{},[32,116135,116136],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[32,116138,116139],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116141,239],{},[50,116143,116145],{"className":52,"code":116144,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116146,116147,116153,116157,116183,116201,116205,116223,116227,116239],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116148,116149,116151],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116150,35079],{"class":120},[59,116152,115705],{"class":65},[59,116154,116155],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116156,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116158,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116160,12088],{"class":65},[59,116162,70],{"class":69},[59,116164,56099],{"class":73},[59,116166,187],{"class":178},[59,116168,87],{"class":73},[59,116170,3009],{"class":178},[59,116172,1697],{"class":73},[59,116174,74],{"class":73},[59,116176,950],{"class":178},[59,116178,87],{"class":73},[59,116180,2475],{"class":178},[59,116182,53047],{"class":73},[59,116184,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116186,14311],{"class":65},[59,116188,70],{"class":69},[59,116190,115745],{"class":65},[59,116192,358],{"class":73},[59,116194,115769],{"class":142},[59,116196,139],{"class":73},[59,116198,12135],{"class":142},[59,116200,165],{"class":73},[59,116202,116203],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116204,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116206,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116208,14330],{"class":65},[59,116210,3914],{"class":73},[59,116212,179],{"class":178},[59,116214,13549],{"class":73},[59,116216,13552],{"class":142},[59,116218,139],{"class":73},[59,116220,56152],{"class":178},[59,116222,165],{"class":73},[59,116224,116225],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116226,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116228,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,116230,715],{"class":135},[59,116232,139],{"class":73},[59,116234,12135],{"class":142},[59,116236,3675],{"class":73},[59,116238,115986],{"class":3678},[59,116240,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,116242,715],{"class":135},[59,116244,139],{"class":73},[59,116246,14330],{"class":142},[59,116248,3675],{"class":73},[59,116250,116104],{"class":3678},[20,116252,116253,116254,116256,116257,358],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116255,116112],{}," does not change ",[15,116258,56256],{},[45,116260,116262],{"id":116261},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116264,116265],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116267,116268],{},"Common reasons:",[29,116270,116271,116274,116277,116283],{},[32,116272,116273],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[32,116275,116276],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[32,116278,116279,116280,116282],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116281,70],{}," does not make a copy",[32,116284,116285],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116287,116288,116289,116291],{},"For example, this does ",[549,116290,4647],{}," create a copy:",[50,116293,116295],{"className":52,"code":116294,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116296,116297,116317,116325,116329,116343,116347,116359],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116298,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116300,12088],{"class":65},[59,116302,70],{"class":69},[59,116304,74],{"class":73},[59,116306,187],{"class":178},[59,116308,87],{"class":73},[59,116310,3009],{"class":178},[59,116312,87],{"class":73},[59,116314,2469],{"class":178},[59,116316,107],{"class":73},[59,116318,116319,116321,116323],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116320,14311],{"class":65},[59,116322,70],{"class":69},[59,116324,12126],{"class":65},[59,116326,116327],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116328,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116330,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116332,14330],{"class":65},[59,116334,358],{"class":73},[59,116336,13552],{"class":142},[59,116338,139],{"class":73},[59,116340,2522],{"class":178},[59,116342,165],{"class":73},[59,116344,116345],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116346,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116348,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116350,715],{"class":135},[59,116352,139],{"class":73},[59,116354,12135],{"class":142},[59,116356,3675],{"class":73},[59,116358,55506],{"class":3678},[59,116360,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116362,715],{"class":135},[59,116364,139],{"class":73},[59,116366,14330],{"class":142},[59,116368,3675],{"class":73},[59,116370,116371],{"class":3678},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116373,116374],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[45,116376,116378],{"id":116377},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116380,116381],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1127,116383,116385],{"id":116384},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116387,116388],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[50,116390,116392],{"className":52,"code":116391,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116393,116394,116420,116428,116432],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116395,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116397,12088],{"class":65},[59,116399,70],{"class":69},[59,116401,56099],{"class":73},[59,116403,187],{"class":178},[59,116405,87],{"class":73},[59,116407,3009],{"class":178},[59,116409,1697],{"class":73},[59,116411,74],{"class":73},[59,116413,950],{"class":178},[59,116415,87],{"class":73},[59,116417,2475],{"class":178},[59,116419,53047],{"class":73},[59,116421,116422,116424,116426],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116423,14102],{"class":65},[59,116425,70],{"class":69},[59,116427,12126],{"class":65},[59,116429,116430],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116431,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116433,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116435,715],{"class":135},[59,116437,139],{"class":73},[59,116439,12088],{"class":142},[59,116441,12196],{"class":120},[59,116443,14170],{"class":142},[59,116445,3675],{"class":73},[59,116447,3679],{"class":3678},[20,116449,116450],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1127,116452,116454],{"id":116453},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116456,116457],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[50,116459,116461],{"className":52,"code":116460,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116462,116463,116489,116503,116507,116524],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116464,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116466,12088],{"class":65},[59,116468,70],{"class":69},[59,116470,56099],{"class":73},[59,116472,187],{"class":178},[59,116474,87],{"class":73},[59,116476,3009],{"class":178},[59,116478,1697],{"class":73},[59,116480,74],{"class":73},[59,116482,950],{"class":178},[59,116484,87],{"class":73},[59,116486,2475],{"class":178},[59,116488,53047],{"class":73},[59,116490,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116492,115740],{"class":65},[59,116494,70],{"class":69},[59,116496,12163],{"class":65},[59,116498,358],{"class":73},[59,116500,12913],{"class":142},[59,116502,8647],{"class":73},[59,116504,116505],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116506,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116508,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116520,116522],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116510,715],{"class":135},[59,116512,139],{"class":73},[59,116514,12088],{"class":142},[59,116516,12196],{"class":120},[59,116518,116519],{"class":142}," shallow",[59,116521,3675],{"class":73},[59,116523,21200],{"class":3678},[59,116525,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116527,715],{"class":135},[59,116529,139],{"class":73},[59,116531,12135],{"class":142},[59,116533,3914],{"class":73},[59,116535,179],{"class":178},[59,116537,13272],{"class":73},[59,116539,8101],{"class":120},[59,116541,116519],{"class":142},[59,116543,3914],{"class":73},[59,116545,179],{"class":178},[59,116547,20445],{"class":73},[59,116549,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,116551,116553],{"id":116552},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116555,116556],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[50,116558,116560],{"className":52,"code":116559,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116561,116562,116568,116572,116598,116616,116620,116638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116563,116564,116566],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116565,35079],{"class":120},[59,116567,115705],{"class":65},[59,116569,116570],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116571,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116573,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116575,12088],{"class":65},[59,116577,70],{"class":69},[59,116579,56099],{"class":73},[59,116581,187],{"class":178},[59,116583,87],{"class":73},[59,116585,3009],{"class":178},[59,116587,1697],{"class":73},[59,116589,74],{"class":73},[59,116591,950],{"class":178},[59,116593,87],{"class":73},[59,116595,2475],{"class":178},[59,116597,53047],{"class":73},[59,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116601,115760],{"class":65},[59,116603,70],{"class":69},[59,116605,115745],{"class":65},[59,116607,358],{"class":73},[59,116609,115769],{"class":142},[59,116611,139],{"class":73},[59,116613,12135],{"class":142},[59,116615,165],{"class":73},[59,116617,116618],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116619,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116621,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116633,116635],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116623,715],{"class":135},[59,116625,139],{"class":73},[59,116627,12088],{"class":142},[59,116629,12196],{"class":120},[59,116631,116632],{"class":142}," deep",[59,116634,3675],{"class":73},[59,116636,116637],{"class":3678},"         # False\n",[59,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116641,715],{"class":135},[59,116643,139],{"class":73},[59,116645,12135],{"class":142},[59,116647,3914],{"class":73},[59,116649,179],{"class":178},[59,116651,13272],{"class":73},[59,116653,8101],{"class":120},[59,116655,116632],{"class":142},[59,116657,3914],{"class":73},[59,116659,179],{"class":178},[59,116661,20445],{"class":73},[59,116663,43673],{"class":3678},[45,116665,116667],{"id":116666},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116669,116670,116671,1002],{},"These all make ",[549,116672,116673],{},"shallow copies",[29,116675,116676,116680,116684,116689,116695],{},[32,116677,116678],{},[15,116679,55406],{},[32,116681,116682],{},[15,116683,12437],{},[32,116685,116686],{},[15,116687,116688],{},"set.copy()",[32,116690,116691,116692],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116693,116694],{},"my_list[:]",[32,116696,116697,116699,116700,35069],{},[15,116698,115847],{}," from the ",[15,116701,12913],{},[20,116703,2148],{},[50,116705,116707],{"className":52,"code":116706,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116708,116709,116729,116733,116747,116758,116762,116774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116710,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116712,664],{"class":65},[59,116714,70],{"class":69},[59,116716,74],{"class":73},[59,116718,187],{"class":178},[59,116720,87],{"class":73},[59,116722,3009],{"class":178},[59,116724,87],{"class":73},[59,116726,2469],{"class":178},[59,116728,107],{"class":73},[59,116730,116731],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116732,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116734,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116736,2572],{"class":65},[59,116738,70],{"class":69},[59,116740,4277],{"class":65},[59,116742,358],{"class":73},[59,116744,12913],{"class":142},[59,116746,8647],{"class":73},[59,116748,116749,116751,116753,116755],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116750,2600],{"class":65},[59,116752,70],{"class":69},[59,116754,4277],{"class":65},[59,116756,116757],{"class":73},"[:]\n",[59,116759,116760],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116761,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116763,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116765,715],{"class":135},[59,116767,139],{"class":73},[59,116769,354],{"class":142},[59,116771,3675],{"class":73},[59,116773,54737],{"class":3678},[59,116775,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116777,715],{"class":135},[59,116779,139],{"class":73},[59,116781,442],{"class":142},[59,116783,3675],{"class":73},[59,116785,54737],{"class":3678},[20,116787,72948,116788,47336,116792,358],{},[354,116789,116790,10742],{"href":54765},[15,116791,55406],{},[354,116793,116794,10742],{"href":12434},[15,116795,12437],{},[45,116797,116799],{"id":116798},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116801,116802],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[29,116804,116805,116808,116811],{},[32,116806,116807],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[32,116809,116810],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[32,116812,116813],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116815,116816],{},"Example with a flat list:",[50,116818,116820],{"className":52,"code":116819,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116821,116822,116842,116856,116860,116874,116878,116890],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116823,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116825,12088],{"class":65},[59,116827,70],{"class":69},[59,116829,74],{"class":73},[59,116831,187],{"class":178},[59,116833,87],{"class":73},[59,116835,3009],{"class":178},[59,116837,87],{"class":73},[59,116839,2469],{"class":178},[59,116841,107],{"class":73},[59,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116845,14311],{"class":65},[59,116847,70],{"class":69},[59,116849,12163],{"class":65},[59,116851,358],{"class":73},[59,116853,12913],{"class":142},[59,116855,8647],{"class":73},[59,116857,116858],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116859,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116861,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116863,14330],{"class":65},[59,116865,358],{"class":73},[59,116867,13552],{"class":142},[59,116869,139],{"class":73},[59,116871,2522],{"class":178},[59,116873,165],{"class":73},[59,116875,116876],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116877,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116879,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,116881,715],{"class":135},[59,116883,139],{"class":73},[59,116885,12135],{"class":142},[59,116887,3675],{"class":73},[59,116889,54737],{"class":3678},[59,116891,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,116893,715],{"class":135},[59,116895,139],{"class":73},[59,116897,14330],{"class":142},[59,116899,3675],{"class":73},[59,116901,116371],{"class":3678},[20,116903,116904],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116906,116907,116908,358],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[354,116909,14888],{"href":57025},[45,116911,116913],{"id":116912},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116915,116916],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[29,116918,116919,116922,116925],{},[32,116920,116921],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[32,116923,116924],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[32,116926,116927],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116929,116930],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[50,116932,116934],{"className":52,"code":116933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116935,116936,116942,116946,116972,116986,117004,117008,117030,117034,117047,117060],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,116937,116938,116940],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,116939,35079],{"class":120},[59,116941,115705],{"class":65},[59,116943,116944],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,116945,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,116947,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,116949,12088],{"class":65},[59,116951,70],{"class":69},[59,116953,10491],{"class":73},[59,116955,78],{"class":77},[59,116957,16389],{"class":81},[59,116959,78],{"class":77},[59,116961,1002],{"class":73},[59,116963,74],{"class":73},[59,116965,671],{"class":178},[59,116967,87],{"class":73},[59,116969,676],{"class":178},[59,116971,13705],{"class":73},[59,116973,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,116975,115740],{"class":65},[59,116977,70],{"class":69},[59,116979,12163],{"class":65},[59,116981,358],{"class":73},[59,116983,12913],{"class":142},[59,116985,8647],{"class":73},[59,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,116989,115760],{"class":65},[59,116991,70],{"class":69},[59,116993,115745],{"class":65},[59,116995,358],{"class":73},[59,116997,115769],{"class":142},[59,116999,139],{"class":73},[59,117001,12135],{"class":142},[59,117003,165],{"class":73},[59,117005,117006],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,117007,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117009,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,117011,12135],{"class":65},[59,117013,3914],{"class":73},[59,117015,78],{"class":77},[59,117017,16389],{"class":81},[59,117019,78],{"class":77},[59,117021,13549],{"class":73},[59,117023,13552],{"class":142},[59,117025,139],{"class":73},[59,117027,1225],{"class":178},[59,117029,165],{"class":73},[59,117031,117032],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,117033,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,117037,715],{"class":135},[59,117039,139],{"class":73},[59,117041,12135],{"class":142},[59,117043,3675],{"class":73},[59,117045,117046],{"class":3678},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[59,117048,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057],{"class":61,"line":6443},[59,117050,715],{"class":135},[59,117052,139],{"class":73},[59,117054,115823],{"class":142},[59,117056,3675],{"class":73},[59,117058,117059],{"class":3678},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[59,117061,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070],{"class":61,"line":11598},[59,117063,715],{"class":135},[59,117065,139],{"class":73},[59,117067,115837],{"class":142},[59,117069,3675],{"class":73},[59,117071,117072],{"class":3678},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117074,117075],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[45,117077,117079],{"id":117078},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117081,117082],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[29,117084,117085,117088,117091,117094],{},[32,117086,117087],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[32,117089,117090],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[32,117092,117093],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[32,117095,117096],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117098,117099],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[50,117101,117103],{"className":52,"code":117102,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117104,117105,117113,117121,117125,117133,117137,117149],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117106,117107,117109,117111],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117108,2572],{"class":65},[59,117110,70],{"class":69},[59,117112,2605],{"class":178},[59,117114,117115,117117,117119],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117116,2600],{"class":65},[59,117118,70],{"class":69},[59,117120,512],{"class":65},[59,117122,117123],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,117124,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117126,117127,117129,117131],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,117128,2600],{"class":65},[59,117130,70],{"class":69},[59,117132,14614],{"class":178},[59,117134,117135],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,117136,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117138,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,117140,715],{"class":135},[59,117142,139],{"class":73},[59,117144,354],{"class":142},[59,117146,3675],{"class":73},[59,117148,26785],{"class":3678},[59,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,117152,715],{"class":135},[59,117154,139],{"class":73},[59,117156,442],{"class":142},[59,117158,3675],{"class":73},[59,117160,27606],{"class":3678},[20,117162,93319,117163,117166],{},[354,117164,117165],{"href":12067},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[45,117168,1579],{"id":1578},[20,117170,117171],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[29,117173,117174,117178,117183,117188,117191],{},[32,117175,1599,117176,56589],{},[15,117177,70],{},[32,117179,1599,117180,117182],{},[15,117181,55406],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[32,117184,1599,117185,117187],{},[15,117186,12437],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[32,117189,117190],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[32,117192,117193],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117195,117196],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[50,117198,117200],{"className":52,"code":117199,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117201,117202,117216,117230,117252,117283],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117203,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117205,715],{"class":135},[59,117207,139],{"class":73},[59,117209,12088],{"class":142},[59,117211,12196],{"class":120},[59,117213,14384],{"class":142},[59,117215,165],{"class":73},[59,117217,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117219,715],{"class":135},[59,117221,139],{"class":73},[59,117223,12088],{"class":142},[59,117225,4705],{"class":69},[59,117227,14384],{"class":142},[59,117229,165],{"class":73},[59,117231,117232,117234,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,117233,715],{"class":135},[59,117235,139],{"class":73},[59,117237,12652],{"class":135},[59,117239,139],{"class":73},[59,117241,12135],{"class":142},[59,117243,744],{"class":73},[59,117245,14816],{"class":135},[59,117247,139],{"class":73},[59,117249,14330],{"class":142},[59,117251,710],{"class":73},[59,117253,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,117255,715],{"class":135},[59,117257,139],{"class":73},[59,117259,12652],{"class":135},[59,117261,139],{"class":73},[59,117263,12135],{"class":142},[59,117265,3914],{"class":73},[59,117267,179],{"class":178},[59,117269,117270],{"class":73},"]),",[59,117272,14816],{"class":135},[59,117274,139],{"class":73},[59,117276,14330],{"class":142},[59,117278,3914],{"class":73},[59,117280,179],{"class":178},[59,117282,1642],{"class":73},[59,117284,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,117286,715],{"class":135},[59,117288,139],{"class":73},[59,117290,3239],{"class":697},[59,117292,139],{"class":73},[59,117294,12135],{"class":142},[59,117296,710],{"class":73},[20,117298,117299],{},"What they tell you:",[29,117301,117302,117307,117312,117317,117327],{},[32,117303,117304,117306],{},[15,117305,12196],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[32,117308,117309,117311],{},[15,117310,4705],{}," checks whether values are equal",[32,117313,117314,117316],{},[15,117315,43289],{}," shows the identity of an object",[32,117318,117319,117320,4408,117323,117326],{},"comparing ",[15,117321,117322],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117324,117325],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[32,117328,117329,117331],{},[15,117330,2319],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[45,117333,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,117335,117337],{"id":117336},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117339,117340],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1127,117342,57075],{"id":56990},[20,117344,117345],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1127,117347,117349],{"id":117348},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117351,117352],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1127,117354,117356],{"id":117355},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117358,117359],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1127,117361,117363],{"id":117362},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117365,117366],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[45,117368,1927],{"id":1926},[29,117370,117371,117376,117382,117388,117392],{},[32,117372,117373],{},[354,117374,117375],{"href":12067},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[32,117377,117378],{},[354,117379,13,117380,10742],{"href":54765},[15,117381,55406],{},[32,117383,117384],{},[354,117385,13,117386,10742],{"href":12434},[15,117387,12437],{},[32,117389,117390],{},[354,117391,14965],{"href":57025},[32,117393,117394],{},[354,117395,117396],{"href":58300},"What is a list in Python?",[1953,117398,117399],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":117401},[117402,117403,117404,117405,117406,117407,117412,117413,117414,117415,117416,117417,117424],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":115857,"depth":110,"text":115858},{"id":115878,"depth":110,"text":115879},{"id":116121,"depth":110,"text":116122},{"id":116261,"depth":110,"text":116262},{"id":116377,"depth":110,"text":116378,"children":117408},[117409,117410,117411],{"id":116384,"depth":117,"text":116385},{"id":116453,"depth":117,"text":116454},{"id":116552,"depth":117,"text":116553},{"id":116666,"depth":110,"text":116667},{"id":116798,"depth":110,"text":116799},{"id":116912,"depth":110,"text":116913},{"id":117078,"depth":110,"text":117079},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":117418},[117419,117420,117421,117422,117423],{"id":117336,"depth":117,"text":117337},{"id":56990,"depth":117,"text":57075},{"id":117348,"depth":117,"text":117349},{"id":117355,"depth":117,"text":117356},{"id":117362,"depth":117,"text":117363},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115658,"description":117425},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117431,"title":117432,"body":117433,"description":119290,"extension":1988,"meta":119291,"navigation":113,"path":119292,"seo":119293,"stem":119294,"__hash__":119295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117434,"toc":119248},[117435,117440,117445,117453,117455,117523,117528,117533,117548,117551,117553,117584,117586,117606,117609,117624,117626,117629,117702,117704,117749,117751,117762,117767,117771,117776,117779,117818,117820,117840,117843,117900,117902,117937,117940,117979,117981,118001,118004,118035,118037,118093,118095,118100,118171,118173,118206,118211,118216,118281,118283,118320,118323,118400,118402,118462,118469,118474,118477,118480,118561,118563,118604,118609,118612,118690,118692,118725,118734,118741,118744,118755,118758,118769,118773,118781,118790,118794,118799,118803,118808,118851,118854,118860,118863,118865,118912,118917,118921,118924,118973,118975,118996,118999,119001,119026,119029,119150,119155,119157,119162,119165,119170,119173,119181,119186,119193,119196,119204,119207,119209,119245],[10,117436,13,117438,18],{"id":117437},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117439,74232],{},[20,117441,117442,117444],{},[15,117443,74232],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117446,117447,117448,1208,117450,117452],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117449,77675],{},[15,117451,74232],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[45,117454,3624],{"id":3623},[50,117456,117458],{"className":52,"code":117457,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117459,117460,117480,117494,117498,117510],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117461,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117463,664],{"class":65},[59,117465,70],{"class":69},[59,117467,74],{"class":73},[59,117469,950],{"class":178},[59,117471,87],{"class":73},[59,117473,5506],{"class":178},[59,117475,87],{"class":73},[59,117477,3009],{"class":178},[59,117479,107],{"class":73},[59,117481,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117483,692],{"class":65},[59,117485,70],{"class":69},[59,117487,74366],{"class":135},[59,117489,139],{"class":73},[59,117491,707],{"class":142},[59,117493,165],{"class":73},[59,117495,117496],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,117497,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,117501,715],{"class":135},[59,117503,139],{"class":73},[59,117505,720],{"class":142},[59,117507,3675],{"class":73},[59,117509,55493],{"class":3678},[59,117511,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,117513,715],{"class":135},[59,117515,139],{"class":73},[59,117517,707],{"class":142},[59,117519,3675],{"class":73},[59,117521,117522],{"class":3678},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117524,117525,117527],{},[15,117526,74232],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[45,117529,208,117531,211],{"id":117530},"what-sorted-does",[15,117532,74232],{},[29,117534,117535,117539,117542,117545],{},[32,117536,117537,62733],{},[15,117538,74232],{},[32,117540,117541],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[32,117543,117544],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[32,117546,117547],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117549,117550],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[45,117552,362],{"id":361},[50,117554,117556],{"className":52,"code":117555,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117557,117558],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117559,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117561,74322],{"class":135},[59,117563,139],{"class":73},[59,117565,380],{"class":142},[59,117567,87],{"class":73},[59,117569,21578],{"class":385},[59,117571,70],{"class":69},[59,117573,3792],{"class":3867},[59,117575,87],{"class":73},[59,117577,77878],{"class":385},[59,117579,70],{"class":69},[59,117581,3689],{"class":3867},[59,117583,165],{"class":73},[1127,117585,17395],{"id":17394},[29,117587,117588,117593,117598],{},[32,117589,117590,117592],{},[15,117591,380],{},": the values to sort",[32,117594,117595,117597],{},[15,117596,14841],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[32,117599,117600,117602,117603,117605],{},[15,117601,73385],{},": set to ",[15,117604,3619],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117607,117608],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[50,117610,117612],{"className":52,"code":117611,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117613,117614],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117615,117616,117618,117620,117622],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117617,74322],{"class":135},[59,117619,139],{"class":73},[59,117621,60114],{"class":142},[59,117623,165],{"class":73},[45,117625,11478],{"id":11477},[20,117627,117628],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[50,117630,117632],{"className":52,"code":117631,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117633,117634,117658,117662,117677,117681,117692],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117635,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117637,664],{"class":65},[59,117639,70],{"class":69},[59,117641,74],{"class":73},[59,117643,2159],{"class":178},[59,117645,87],{"class":73},[59,117647,3009],{"class":178},[59,117649,87],{"class":73},[59,117651,6366],{"class":178},[59,117653,87],{"class":73},[59,117655,5506],{"class":178},[59,117657,107],{"class":73},[59,117659,117660],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117661,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117663,117664,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,117665,117666],{"class":65},"sorted_numbers ",[59,117668,70],{"class":69},[59,117670,74366],{"class":135},[59,117672,139],{"class":73},[59,117674,707],{"class":142},[59,117676,165],{"class":73},[59,117678,117679],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,117680,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,117682,117683,117685,117687,117690],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,117684,715],{"class":135},[59,117686,139],{"class":73},[59,117688,117689],{"class":142},"sorted_numbers",[59,117691,165],{"class":73},[59,117693,117694,117696,117698,117700],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,117695,715],{"class":135},[59,117697,139],{"class":73},[59,117699,707],{"class":142},[59,117701,165],{"class":73},[20,117703,168],{},[50,117705,117707],{"className":52,"code":117706,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117708,117709,117729],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117710,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117712,3914],{"class":73},[59,117714,187],{"class":178},[59,117716,87],{"class":73},[59,117718,3009],{"class":178},[59,117720,87],{"class":73},[59,117722,4621],{"class":178},[59,117724,87],{"class":73},[59,117726,6366],{"class":178},[59,117728,107],{"class":73},[59,117730,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117732,3914],{"class":73},[59,117734,2159],{"class":178},[59,117736,87],{"class":73},[59,117738,3009],{"class":178},[59,117740,87],{"class":73},[59,117742,6366],{"class":178},[59,117744,87],{"class":73},[59,117746,5506],{"class":178},[59,117748,107],{"class":73},[20,117750,13762],{},[29,117752,117753,117758],{},[32,117754,117755,117757],{},[15,117756,117689],{}," is a new sorted list",[32,117759,117760,112294],{},[15,117761,707],{},[20,117763,117764,117765,358],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[354,117766,78185],{"href":78184},[45,117768,117770],{"id":117769},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117772,117773,117775],{},[15,117774,74232],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1127,117777,117778],{"id":1651},"List",[50,117780,117782],{"className":52,"code":117781,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117783,117784,117804],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117785,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117787,664],{"class":65},[59,117789,70],{"class":69},[59,117791,74],{"class":73},[59,117793,950],{"class":178},[59,117795,87],{"class":73},[59,117797,5506],{"class":178},[59,117799,87],{"class":73},[59,117801,3009],{"class":178},[59,117803,107],{"class":73},[59,117805,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117807,715],{"class":135},[59,117809,139],{"class":73},[59,117811,74322],{"class":135},[59,117813,139],{"class":73},[59,117815,707],{"class":142},[59,117817,710],{"class":73},[20,117819,168],{},[50,117821,117822],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,117823,117824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117825,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117827,3914],{"class":73},[59,117829,187],{"class":178},[59,117831,87],{"class":73},[59,117833,3009],{"class":178},[59,117835,87],{"class":73},[59,117837,2469],{"class":178},[59,117839,107],{"class":73},[1127,117841,117842],{"id":48756},"Tuple",[50,117844,117846],{"className":52,"code":117845,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117847,117848,117868,117882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117849,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117851,3837],{"class":65},[59,117853,70],{"class":69},[59,117855,747],{"class":73},[59,117857,950],{"class":178},[59,117859,87],{"class":73},[59,117861,5506],{"class":178},[59,117863,87],{"class":73},[59,117865,3009],{"class":178},[59,117867,165],{"class":73},[59,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117871,715],{"class":135},[59,117873,139],{"class":73},[59,117875,74322],{"class":135},[59,117877,139],{"class":73},[59,117879,5366],{"class":142},[59,117881,710],{"class":73},[59,117883,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,117885,715],{"class":135},[59,117887,139],{"class":73},[59,117889,3239],{"class":697},[59,117891,139],{"class":73},[59,117893,74322],{"class":135},[59,117895,139],{"class":73},[59,117897,5366],{"class":142},[59,117899,1706],{"class":73},[20,117901,168],{},[50,117903,117905],{"className":52,"code":117904,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117906,117907,117923],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117908,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117910,3914],{"class":73},[59,117912,187],{"class":178},[59,117914,87],{"class":73},[59,117916,3009],{"class":178},[59,117918,87],{"class":73},[59,117920,2469],{"class":178},[59,117922,107],{"class":73},[59,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117926,1769],{"class":69},[59,117928,3310],{"class":887},[59,117930,1734],{"class":77},[59,117932,1651],{"class":81},[59,117934,1725],{"class":77},[59,117936,1788],{"class":69},[1127,117938,117939],{"id":6293},"Set",[50,117941,117943],{"className":52,"code":117942,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117944,117945,117965],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117946,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117948,3837],{"class":65},[59,117950,70],{"class":69},[59,117952,10491],{"class":73},[59,117954,950],{"class":178},[59,117956,87],{"class":73},[59,117958,5506],{"class":178},[59,117960,87],{"class":73},[59,117962,3009],{"class":178},[59,117964,9309],{"class":73},[59,117966,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,117968,715],{"class":135},[59,117970,139],{"class":73},[59,117972,74322],{"class":135},[59,117974,139],{"class":73},[59,117976,5366],{"class":142},[59,117978,710],{"class":73},[20,117980,168],{},[50,117982,117983],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,117984,117985],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,117986,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,117988,3914],{"class":73},[59,117990,187],{"class":178},[59,117992,87],{"class":73},[59,117994,3009],{"class":178},[59,117996,87],{"class":73},[59,117998,2469],{"class":178},[59,118000,107],{"class":73},[1127,118002,118003],{"id":60981},"String",[50,118005,118007],{"className":52,"code":118006,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118008,118009,118021],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118010,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118012,34675],{"class":65},[59,118014,70],{"class":69},[59,118016,90],{"class":77},[59,118018,54],{"class":81},[59,118020,3374],{"class":77},[59,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118024,715],{"class":135},[59,118026,139],{"class":73},[59,118028,74322],{"class":135},[59,118030,139],{"class":73},[59,118032,34696],{"class":142},[59,118034,710],{"class":73},[20,118036,168],{},[50,118038,118039],{"className":52,"code":79202,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,118040,118041],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118042,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118044,3914],{"class":73},[59,118046,1725],{"class":77},[59,118048,60245],{"class":81},[59,118050,1725],{"class":77},[59,118052,87],{"class":73},[59,118054,1734],{"class":77},[59,118056,75838],{"class":81},[59,118058,1725],{"class":77},[59,118060,87],{"class":73},[59,118062,1734],{"class":77},[59,118064,60280],{"class":81},[59,118066,1725],{"class":77},[59,118068,87],{"class":73},[59,118070,1734],{"class":77},[59,118072,20],{"class":81},[59,118074,1725],{"class":77},[59,118076,87],{"class":73},[59,118078,1734],{"class":77},[59,118080,63094],{"class":81},[59,118082,1725],{"class":77},[59,118084,87],{"class":73},[59,118086,1734],{"class":77},[59,118088,1269],{"class":81},[59,118090,1725],{"class":77},[59,118092,107],{"class":73},[1127,118094,29212],{"id":15605},[20,118096,63347,118097,118099],{},[15,118098,74232],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[50,118101,118103],{"className":52,"code":118102,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118104,118105,118157],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118106,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118108,13203],{"class":65},[59,118110,70],{"class":69},[59,118112,10491],{"class":73},[59,118114,78],{"class":77},[59,118116,7676],{"class":81},[59,118118,78],{"class":77},[59,118120,1002],{"class":73},[59,118122,90],{"class":77},[59,118124,258],{"class":81},[59,118126,78],{"class":77},[59,118128,87],{"class":73},[59,118130,90],{"class":77},[59,118132,9299],{"class":81},[59,118134,78],{"class":77},[59,118136,1002],{"class":73},[59,118138,676],{"class":178},[59,118140,87],{"class":73},[59,118142,90],{"class":77},[59,118144,10409],{"class":81},[59,118146,78],{"class":77},[59,118148,1002],{"class":73},[59,118150,90],{"class":77},[59,118152,16031],{"class":81},[59,118154,78],{"class":77},[59,118156,9309],{"class":73},[59,118158,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118160,715],{"class":135},[59,118162,139],{"class":73},[59,118164,74322],{"class":135},[59,118166,139],{"class":73},[59,118168,17307],{"class":142},[59,118170,710],{"class":73},[20,118172,168],{},[50,118174,118176],{"className":52,"code":118175,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118177,118178],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118181,3914],{"class":73},[59,118183,1725],{"class":77},[59,118185,9299],{"class":81},[59,118187,1725],{"class":77},[59,118189,87],{"class":73},[59,118191,1734],{"class":77},[59,118193,10409],{"class":81},[59,118195,1725],{"class":77},[59,118197,87],{"class":73},[59,118199,1734],{"class":77},[59,118201,7676],{"class":81},[59,118203,1725],{"class":77},[59,118205,107],{"class":73},[45,118207,1599,118209],{"id":118208},"using-reversetrue",[15,118210,77899],{},[20,118212,201,118213,118215],{},[15,118214,77899],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[50,118217,118219],{"className":52,"code":118218,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118220,118221,118241,118245,118259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118222,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118224,664],{"class":65},[59,118226,70],{"class":69},[59,118228,74],{"class":73},[59,118230,950],{"class":178},[59,118232,87],{"class":73},[59,118234,5506],{"class":178},[59,118236,87],{"class":73},[59,118238,3009],{"class":178},[59,118240,107],{"class":73},[59,118242,118243],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118244,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,118246,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,118248,715],{"class":135},[59,118250,139],{"class":73},[59,118252,74322],{"class":135},[59,118254,139],{"class":73},[59,118256,707],{"class":142},[59,118258,710],{"class":73},[59,118260,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,118262,715],{"class":135},[59,118264,139],{"class":73},[59,118266,74322],{"class":135},[59,118268,139],{"class":73},[59,118270,707],{"class":142},[59,118272,87],{"class":73},[59,118274,77878],{"class":385},[59,118276,70],{"class":69},[59,118278,3619],{"class":3867},[59,118280,710],{"class":73},[20,118282,168],{},[50,118284,118286],{"className":52,"code":118285,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118287,118288,118304],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118291,3914],{"class":73},[59,118293,187],{"class":178},[59,118295,87],{"class":73},[59,118297,3009],{"class":178},[59,118299,87],{"class":73},[59,118301,2469],{"class":178},[59,118303,107],{"class":73},[59,118305,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118307,3914],{"class":73},[59,118309,950],{"class":178},[59,118311,87],{"class":73},[59,118313,3009],{"class":178},[59,118315,87],{"class":73},[59,118317,5506],{"class":178},[59,118319,107],{"class":73},[20,118321,118322],{},"This also works with strings:",[50,118324,118326],{"className":52,"code":118325,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118327,118328,118360,118364,118378],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118329,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118331,4085],{"class":65},[59,118333,70],{"class":69},[59,118335,74],{"class":73},[59,118337,78],{"class":77},[59,118339,588],{"class":81},[59,118341,78],{"class":77},[59,118343,87],{"class":73},[59,118345,90],{"class":77},[59,118347,597],{"class":81},[59,118349,78],{"class":77},[59,118351,87],{"class":73},[59,118353,90],{"class":77},[59,118355,4110],{"class":81},[59,118357,78],{"class":77},[59,118359,107],{"class":73},[59,118361,118362],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118363,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,118367,715],{"class":135},[59,118369,139],{"class":73},[59,118371,74322],{"class":135},[59,118373,139],{"class":73},[59,118375,4127],{"class":142},[59,118377,710],{"class":73},[59,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,118381,715],{"class":135},[59,118383,139],{"class":73},[59,118385,74322],{"class":135},[59,118387,139],{"class":73},[59,118389,4127],{"class":142},[59,118391,87],{"class":73},[59,118393,77878],{"class":385},[59,118395,70],{"class":69},[59,118397,3619],{"class":3867},[59,118399,710],{"class":73},[20,118401,168],{},[50,118403,118404],{"className":52,"code":73966,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,118405,118406,118434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118407,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118409,3914],{"class":73},[59,118411,1725],{"class":77},[59,118413,588],{"class":81},[59,118415,1725],{"class":77},[59,118417,87],{"class":73},[59,118419,1734],{"class":77},[59,118421,597],{"class":81},[59,118423,1725],{"class":77},[59,118425,87],{"class":73},[59,118427,1734],{"class":77},[59,118429,4110],{"class":81},[59,118431,1725],{"class":77},[59,118433,107],{"class":73},[59,118435,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118437,3914],{"class":73},[59,118439,1725],{"class":77},[59,118441,4110],{"class":81},[59,118443,1725],{"class":77},[59,118445,87],{"class":73},[59,118447,1734],{"class":77},[59,118449,597],{"class":81},[59,118451,1725],{"class":77},[59,118453,87],{"class":73},[59,118455,1734],{"class":77},[59,118457,588],{"class":81},[59,118459,1725],{"class":77},[59,118461,107],{"class":73},[45,118463,1599,118465,118468],{"id":118464},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118466,118467],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118470,2005,118471,118473],{},[15,118472,118467],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118475,118476],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118478,118479],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[50,118481,118483],{"className":52,"code":118482,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118484,118485,118525,118529,118551],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118486,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118488,4085],{"class":65},[59,118490,70],{"class":69},[59,118492,74],{"class":73},[59,118494,78],{"class":77},[59,118496,78552],{"class":81},[59,118498,78],{"class":77},[59,118500,87],{"class":73},[59,118502,90],{"class":77},[59,118504,38156],{"class":81},[59,118506,78],{"class":77},[59,118508,87],{"class":73},[59,118510,90],{"class":77},[59,118512,597],{"class":81},[59,118514,78],{"class":77},[59,118516,87],{"class":73},[59,118518,90],{"class":77},[59,118520,38139],{"class":81},[59,118522,78],{"class":77},[59,118524,107],{"class":73},[59,118526,118527],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118528,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,118530,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,118532,692],{"class":65},[59,118534,70],{"class":69},[59,118536,74366],{"class":135},[59,118538,139],{"class":73},[59,118540,4127],{"class":142},[59,118542,87],{"class":73},[59,118544,21578],{"class":385},[59,118546,70],{"class":69},[59,118548,11163],{"class":135},[59,118550,165],{"class":73},[59,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,118554,715],{"class":135},[59,118556,139],{"class":73},[59,118558,720],{"class":142},[59,118560,165],{"class":73},[20,118562,168],{},[50,118564,118566],{"className":52,"code":118565,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118567,118568],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118569,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118571,3914],{"class":73},[59,118573,1725],{"class":77},[59,118575,38156],{"class":81},[59,118577,1725],{"class":77},[59,118579,87],{"class":73},[59,118581,1734],{"class":77},[59,118583,78552],{"class":81},[59,118585,1725],{"class":77},[59,118587,87],{"class":73},[59,118589,1734],{"class":77},[59,118591,38139],{"class":81},[59,118593,1725],{"class":77},[59,118595,87],{"class":73},[59,118597,1734],{"class":77},[59,118599,597],{"class":81},[59,118601,1725],{"class":77},[59,118603,107],{"class":73},[20,118605,20770,118606,118608],{},[15,118607,11163],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118610,118611],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[50,118613,118615],{"className":52,"code":118614,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118616,118617,118650,118654,118680],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118618,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118646,118648],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118620,4085],{"class":65},[59,118622,70],{"class":69},[59,118624,74],{"class":73},[59,118626,78],{"class":77},[59,118628,83171],{"class":81},[59,118630,78],{"class":77},[59,118632,87],{"class":73},[59,118634,90],{"class":77},[59,118636,588],{"class":81},[59,118638,78],{"class":77},[59,118640,87],{"class":73},[59,118642,90],{"class":77},[59,118644,118645],{"class":81},"Cherry",[59,118647,78],{"class":77},[59,118649,107],{"class":73},[59,118651,118652],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118653,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,118655,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,118657,692],{"class":65},[59,118659,70],{"class":69},[59,118661,74366],{"class":135},[59,118663,139],{"class":73},[59,118665,4127],{"class":142},[59,118667,87],{"class":73},[59,118669,21578],{"class":385},[59,118671,70],{"class":69},[59,118673,3460],{"class":697},[59,118675,358],{"class":73},[59,118677,8644],{"class":929},[59,118679,165],{"class":73},[59,118681,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,118683,715],{"class":135},[59,118685,139],{"class":73},[59,118687,720],{"class":142},[59,118689,165],{"class":73},[20,118691,168],{},[50,118693,118695],{"className":52,"code":118694,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118696,118697],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118700,3914],{"class":73},[59,118702,1725],{"class":77},[59,118704,588],{"class":81},[59,118706,1725],{"class":77},[59,118708,87],{"class":73},[59,118710,1734],{"class":77},[59,118712,83171],{"class":81},[59,118714,1725],{"class":77},[59,118716,87],{"class":73},[59,118718,1734],{"class":77},[59,118720,118645],{"class":81},[59,118722,1725],{"class":77},[59,118724,107],{"class":73},[20,118726,118727,118728,35318,118730,358],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118729,42161],{},[354,118731,13,118732,536],{"href":42158},[15,118733,42161],{},[45,118735,118737,10586,118739],{"id":118736},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118738,74232],{},[15,118740,77675],{},[20,118742,118743],{},"The main difference is this:",[29,118745,118746,118751],{},[32,118747,118748,118750],{},[15,118749,74232],{}," returns a new list",[32,118752,118753,73770],{},[15,118754,77675],{},[20,118756,118757],{},"Also:",[29,118759,118760,118765],{},[32,118761,118762,118764],{},[15,118763,74232],{}," works with many iterables",[32,118766,118767,79108],{},[15,118768,77675],{},[20,118770,201,118771,10602],{},[15,118772,74232],{},[29,118774,118775,118778],{},[32,118776,118777],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[32,118779,118780],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118782,118783,118784,358],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[354,118785,13,118786,10586,118788,5791],{"href":78933},[15,118787,74232],{},[15,118789,77675],{},[45,118791,118793],{"id":118792},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118795,118796,118797,358],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118798,74232],{},[1127,118800,118802],{"id":118801},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118804,118805,118806,1002],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118807,3021],{},[50,118809,118811],{"className":52,"code":118810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118812,118813,118837],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118814,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118816,3837],{"class":65},[59,118818,70],{"class":69},[59,118820,74],{"class":73},[59,118822,187],{"class":178},[59,118824,87],{"class":73},[59,118826,90],{"class":77},[59,118828,195],{"class":81},[59,118830,78],{"class":77},[59,118832,87],{"class":73},[59,118834,2469],{"class":178},[59,118836,107],{"class":73},[59,118838,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118840,715],{"class":135},[59,118842,139],{"class":73},[59,118844,74322],{"class":135},[59,118846,139],{"class":73},[59,118848,5366],{"class":142},[59,118850,710],{"class":73},[20,118852,118853],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1127,118855,118857,118858,2320],{"id":118856},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118859,14841],{},[20,118861,118862],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118864,239],{},[50,118866,118868],{"className":52,"code":118867,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118869,118870,118890],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118871,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118873,664],{"class":65},[59,118875,70],{"class":69},[59,118877,74],{"class":73},[59,118879,671],{"class":178},[59,118881,87],{"class":73},[59,118883,3009],{"class":178},[59,118885,87],{"class":73},[59,118887,681],{"class":178},[59,118889,107],{"class":73},[59,118891,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118893,715],{"class":135},[59,118895,139],{"class":73},[59,118897,74322],{"class":135},[59,118899,139],{"class":73},[59,118901,707],{"class":142},[59,118903,87],{"class":73},[59,118905,21578],{"class":385},[59,118907,70],{"class":69},[59,118909,11163],{"class":135},[59,118911,710],{"class":73},[20,118913,48313,118914,118916],{},[15,118915,42161],{}," does not work on integers.",[1127,118918,118920],{"id":118919},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118922,118923],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[50,118925,118927],{"className":52,"code":118926,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118928,118929,118949,118959,118963],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118930,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118932,664],{"class":65},[59,118934,70],{"class":69},[59,118936,74],{"class":73},[59,118938,950],{"class":178},[59,118940,87],{"class":73},[59,118942,5506],{"class":178},[59,118944,87],{"class":73},[59,118946,3009],{"class":178},[59,118948,107],{"class":73},[59,118950,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,118952,74322],{"class":135},[59,118954,139],{"class":73},[59,118956,707],{"class":142},[59,118958,165],{"class":73},[59,118960,118961],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,118962,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,118966,715],{"class":135},[59,118968,139],{"class":73},[59,118970,707],{"class":142},[59,118972,165],{"class":73},[20,118974,168],{},[50,118976,118978],{"className":52,"code":118977,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118979,118980],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,118981,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,118983,3914],{"class":73},[59,118985,950],{"class":178},[59,118987,87],{"class":73},[59,118989,5506],{"class":178},[59,118991,87],{"class":73},[59,118993,3009],{"class":178},[59,118995,107],{"class":73},[20,118997,118998],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[45,119000,1579],{"id":1578},[29,119002,119003,119007,119010,119015,119019],{},[32,119004,4595,119005,73770],{},[15,119006,74232],{},[32,119008,119009],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[32,119011,4721,119012,119014],{},[15,119013,74232],{}," always returns a list",[32,119016,1599,119017,23097],{},[15,119018,118467],{},[32,119020,29638,119021,119023,119024],{},[15,119022,64119],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119025,74232],{},[20,119027,119028],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[50,119030,119032],{"className":52,"code":119031,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119033,119034,119056,119082,119120],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119037,715],{"class":135},[59,119039,139],{"class":73},[59,119041,74322],{"class":135},[59,119043,1629],{"class":73},[59,119045,950],{"class":178},[59,119047,87],{"class":73},[59,119049,5506],{"class":178},[59,119051,87],{"class":73},[59,119053,3009],{"class":178},[59,119055,1642],{"class":73},[59,119057,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119059,715],{"class":135},[59,119061,139],{"class":73},[59,119063,3239],{"class":697},[59,119065,139],{"class":73},[59,119067,74322],{"class":135},[59,119069,5519],{"class":73},[59,119071,950],{"class":178},[59,119073,87],{"class":73},[59,119075,5506],{"class":178},[59,119077,87],{"class":73},[59,119079,3009],{"class":178},[59,119081,93175],{"class":73},[59,119083,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119085,715],{"class":135},[59,119087,139],{"class":73},[59,119089,74322],{"class":135},[59,119091,1629],{"class":73},[59,119093,1725],{"class":77},[59,119095,83171],{"class":81},[59,119097,1725],{"class":77},[59,119099,87],{"class":73},[59,119101,1734],{"class":77},[59,119103,588],{"class":81},[59,119105,1725],{"class":77},[59,119107,1697],{"class":73},[59,119109,21578],{"class":385},[59,119111,70],{"class":69},[59,119113,3460],{"class":697},[59,119115,358],{"class":73},[59,119117,8644],{"class":929},[59,119119,710],{"class":73},[59,119121,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,119123,715],{"class":135},[59,119125,139],{"class":73},[59,119127,74322],{"class":135},[59,119129,1629],{"class":73},[59,119131,950],{"class":178},[59,119133,87],{"class":73},[59,119135,5506],{"class":178},[59,119137,87],{"class":73},[59,119139,3009],{"class":178},[59,119141,1697],{"class":73},[59,119143,77878],{"class":385},[59,119145,70],{"class":69},[59,119147,3619],{"class":3867},[59,119149,710],{"class":73},[20,119151,119152,119153,358],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[354,119154,52576],{"href":50783},[45,119156,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,119158,1882,119160,56969],{"id":119159},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119161,74232],{},[20,119163,119164],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1127,119166,1872,119168,12718],{"id":119167},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119169,74232],{},[20,119171,119172],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1127,119174,119176,119177,999,119179,1905],{"id":119175},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119178,74232],{},[15,119180,77675],{},[20,119182,201,119183,119185],{},[15,119184,74232],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1127,119187,1872,119189,86259,119191,1905],{"id":119188},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119190,118467],{},[15,119192,74232],{},[20,119194,119195],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1127,119197,5169,119199,119201,119202,1905],{"id":119198},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119200,74232],{}," give a ",[15,119203,3021],{},[20,119205,119206],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[45,119208,1927],{"id":1926},[29,119210,119211,119215,119223,119227,119233,119239],{},[32,119212,119213],{},[354,119214,79681],{"href":78184},[32,119216,119217],{},[354,119218,13,119219,10586,119221,5791],{"href":78933},[15,119220,74232],{},[15,119222,77675],{},[32,119224,119225],{},[354,119226,52576],{"href":50783},[32,119228,119229],{},[354,119230,13,119231,536],{"href":42158},[15,119232,42161],{},[32,119234,119235],{},[354,119236,13,119237,536],{"href":91831},[15,119238,17],{},[32,119240,119241],{},[354,119242,13,119243,536],{"href":532},[15,119244,535],{},[1953,119246,119247],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":119249},[119250,119251,119253,119256,119257,119264,119266,119268,119270,119276,119277,119289],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":117530,"depth":110,"text":119252},"What sorted() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":119254},[119255],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":117769,"depth":110,"text":117770,"children":119258},[119259,119260,119261,119262,119263],{"id":1651,"depth":117,"text":117778},{"id":48756,"depth":117,"text":117842},{"id":6293,"depth":117,"text":117939},{"id":60981,"depth":117,"text":118003},{"id":15605,"depth":117,"text":29212},{"id":118208,"depth":110,"text":119265},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118464,"depth":110,"text":119267},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118736,"depth":110,"text":119269},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118792,"depth":110,"text":118793,"children":119271},[119272,119273,119275],{"id":118801,"depth":117,"text":118802},{"id":118856,"depth":117,"text":119274},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118919,"depth":117,"text":118920},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":119278},[119279,119281,119283,119285,119287],{"id":119159,"depth":117,"text":119280},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119167,"depth":117,"text":119282},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119175,"depth":117,"text":119284},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119188,"depth":117,"text":119286},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119198,"depth":117,"text":119288},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117432,"description":119290},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119297,"title":119298,"body":119299,"description":121410,"extension":1988,"meta":121411,"navigation":113,"path":78933,"seo":121412,"stem":121413,"__hash__":121414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119300,"toc":121357},[119301,119308,119311,119321,119327,119330,119348,119356,119358,119417,119425,119429,119451,119455,119459,119461,119478,119480,119492,119498,119582,119586,119633,119639,119646,119650,119655,119657,119669,119674,119727,119731,119751,119758,119765,119769,119772,119791,119795,119909,119913,119983,119985,119997,120002,120006,120019,120023,120098,120102,120141,120148,120154,120159,120163,120177,120181,120246,120250,120283,120286,120291,120299,120306,120319,120322,120326,120409,120413,120450,120454,120557,120561,120622,120627,120634,120638,120641,120647,120650,120717,120721,120745,120747,120765,120772,120825,120829,120849,120855,120857,120914,120921,120947,120952,120957,120965,120971,121031,121035,121082,121085,121087,121090,121116,121119,121212,121214,121234,121238,121241,121259,121265,121267,121275,121280,121287,121290,121296,121299,121305,121313,121321,121326,121328,121354],[10,119302,13,119304,10586,119306,92889],{"id":119303},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119305,74232],{},[15,119307,77675],{},[20,119309,119310],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[29,119312,119313,119317],{},[32,119314,119315],{},[15,119316,74232],{},[32,119318,119319],{},[15,119320,77675],{},[20,119322,119323,119324,119326],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[549,119325,4647],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119328,119329],{},"The main difference is simple:",[29,119331,119332,119340],{},[32,119333,201,119334,119336,119337],{},[15,119335,74232],{}," when you want a ",[549,119338,119339],{},"new sorted result",[32,119341,201,119342,119344,119345],{},[15,119343,77675],{}," when you want to ",[549,119346,119347],{},"change the original list",[20,119349,119350,119351,2414,119353,119355],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119352,77675],{},[15,119354,3792],{}," and causes confusion.",[45,119357,3624],{"id":3623},[50,119359,119361],{"className":52,"code":119360,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119362,119363,119383,119387,119404],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119364,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119366,664],{"class":65},[59,119368,70],{"class":69},[59,119370,74],{"class":73},[59,119372,950],{"class":178},[59,119374,87],{"class":73},[59,119376,5506],{"class":178},[59,119378,87],{"class":73},[59,119380,3009],{"class":178},[59,119382,107],{"class":73},[59,119384,119385],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119386,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119388,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119390,55695],{"class":65},[59,119392,70],{"class":69},[59,119394,74366],{"class":135},[59,119396,139],{"class":73},[59,119398,707],{"class":142},[59,119400,3675],{"class":73},[59,119402,119403],{"class":3678},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[59,119405,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,119407,707],{"class":65},[59,119409,358],{"class":73},[59,119411,34787],{"class":142},[59,119413,7373],{"class":73},[59,119415,119416],{"class":3678},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119418,201,119419,119421,119422,119424],{},[15,119420,74232],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119423,77675],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[45,119426,119428],{"id":119427},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[29,119430,119431,119436,119441,119448],{},[32,119432,201,119433,119435],{},[15,119434,74232],{}," to get a new sorted list",[32,119437,201,119438,119440],{},[15,119439,77675],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[32,119442,119443,119444,2414,119446],{},"Understand why ",[15,119445,77675],{},[15,119447,3792],{},[32,119449,119450],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[45,119452,208,119453,211],{"id":117530},[15,119454,74232],{},[20,119456,119457,62733],{},[15,119458,74232],{},[20,119460,48730],{},[29,119462,119463,119469,119475],{},[32,119464,119465,119466],{},"returns a ",[549,119467,119468],{},"new list",[32,119470,119471,119472,119474],{},"does ",[549,119473,4647],{}," change the original data",[32,119476,119477],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119479,50937],{},[29,119481,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490],{},[32,119483,224],{},[32,119485,227],{},[32,119487,230],{},[32,119489,5314],{},[32,119491,233],{},[1127,119493,35066,119495,119497],{"id":119494},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119496,74232],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[50,119499,119501],{"className":52,"code":119500,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119502,119503,119523,119527,119541,119545,119563],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119506,664],{"class":65},[59,119508,70],{"class":69},[59,119510,74],{"class":73},[59,119512,950],{"class":178},[59,119514,87],{"class":73},[59,119516,5506],{"class":178},[59,119518,87],{"class":73},[59,119520,3009],{"class":178},[59,119522,107],{"class":73},[59,119524,119525],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119526,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119528,119529,119531,119533,119535,119537,119539],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119530,692],{"class":65},[59,119532,70],{"class":69},[59,119534,74366],{"class":135},[59,119536,139],{"class":73},[59,119538,707],{"class":142},[59,119540,165],{"class":73},[59,119542,119543],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,119544,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119546,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,119548,715],{"class":135},[59,119550,139],{"class":73},[59,119552,78],{"class":77},[59,119554,12156],{"class":81},[59,119556,78],{"class":77},[59,119558,87],{"class":73},[59,119560,4277],{"class":142},[59,119562,165],{"class":73},[59,119564,119565,119567,119569,119571,119574,119576,119578,119580],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,119566,715],{"class":135},[59,119568,139],{"class":73},[59,119570,78],{"class":77},[59,119572,119573],{"class":81},"sorted result:",[59,119575,78],{"class":77},[59,119577,87],{"class":73},[59,119579,81025],{"class":142},[59,119581,165],{"class":73},[20,119583,119584],{},[549,119585,168],{},[50,119587,119589],{"className":52,"code":119588,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119590,119591,119611],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119592,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119594,12135],{"class":65},[59,119596,1002],{"class":73},[59,119598,74],{"class":73},[59,119600,950],{"class":178},[59,119602,87],{"class":73},[59,119604,5506],{"class":178},[59,119606,87],{"class":73},[59,119608,3009],{"class":178},[59,119610,107],{"class":73},[59,119612,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119614,74322],{"class":135},[59,119616,81025],{"class":65},[59,119618,1002],{"class":73},[59,119620,74],{"class":73},[59,119622,187],{"class":178},[59,119624,87],{"class":73},[59,119626,3009],{"class":178},[59,119628,87],{"class":73},[59,119630,2469],{"class":178},[59,119632,107],{"class":73},[20,119634,119635,119636,119638],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119637,707],{}," stays the same.",[20,119640,119641,119642,358],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[354,119643,13,119644,536],{"href":74329},[15,119645,74232],{},[45,119647,208,119648,211],{"id":77741},[15,119649,77675],{},[20,119651,119652,119654],{},[15,119653,64119],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119656,48730],{},[29,119658,119659,119662,119665],{},[32,119660,119661],{},"changes the original list directly",[32,119663,119664],{},"only works on lists",[32,119666,3706,119667],{},[15,119668,3792],{},[1127,119670,35066,119672,73770],{"id":119671},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119673,77675],{},[50,119675,119677],{"className":52,"code":119676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119678,119679,119699,119703,119713,119717],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695,119697],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119682,664],{"class":65},[59,119684,70],{"class":69},[59,119686,74],{"class":73},[59,119688,950],{"class":178},[59,119690,87],{"class":73},[59,119692,5506],{"class":178},[59,119694,87],{"class":73},[59,119696,3009],{"class":178},[59,119698,107],{"class":73},[59,119700,119701],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119702,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119704,119705,119707,119709,119711],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119706,707],{"class":65},[59,119708,358],{"class":73},[59,119710,34787],{"class":142},[59,119712,8647],{"class":73},[59,119714,119715],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,119716,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119718,119719,119721,119723,119725],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,119720,715],{"class":135},[59,119722,139],{"class":73},[59,119724,707],{"class":142},[59,119726,165],{"class":73},[20,119728,119729],{},[549,119730,168],{},[50,119732,119733],{"className":52,"code":54955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,119734,119735],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119736,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119738,3914],{"class":73},[59,119740,187],{"class":178},[59,119742,87],{"class":73},[59,119744,3009],{"class":178},[59,119746,87],{"class":73},[59,119748,2469],{"class":178},[59,119750,107],{"class":73},[20,119752,119753,119754,119757],{},"After calling ",[15,119755,119756],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119759,119760,119761,358],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[354,119762,13,119763,10742],{"href":74583},[15,119764,77675],{},[45,119766,119768],{"id":119767},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119770,119771],{},"Here is the core difference:",[29,119773,119774,119783],{},[32,119775,119776,119779,119780],{},[15,119777,119778],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[549,119781,119782],{},"new sorted list",[32,119784,119785,119788,119789,74140],{},[15,119786,119787],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119790,8344],{},[1127,119792,119794],{"id":119793},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[50,119796,119798],{"className":52,"code":119797,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119799,119800,119820,119824,119838,119857,119876,119880,119890],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119801,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119803,664],{"class":65},[59,119805,70],{"class":69},[59,119807,74],{"class":73},[59,119809,2159],{"class":178},[59,119811,87],{"class":73},[59,119813,3009],{"class":178},[59,119815,87],{"class":73},[59,119817,2475],{"class":178},[59,119819,107],{"class":73},[59,119821,119822],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119823,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119827,2572],{"class":65},[59,119829,70],{"class":69},[59,119831,74366],{"class":135},[59,119833,139],{"class":73},[59,119835,707],{"class":142},[59,119837,165],{"class":73},[59,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,119841,715],{"class":135},[59,119843,139],{"class":73},[59,119845,78],{"class":77},[59,119847,119848],{"class":81},"numbers after sorted():",[59,119850,78],{"class":77},[59,119852,87],{"class":73},[59,119854,4277],{"class":142},[59,119856,165],{"class":73},[59,119858,119859,119861,119863,119865,119868,119870,119872,119874],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,119860,715],{"class":135},[59,119862,139],{"class":73},[59,119864,78],{"class":77},[59,119866,119867],{"class":81},"a:",[59,119869,78],{"class":77},[59,119871,87],{"class":73},[59,119873,56693],{"class":142},[59,119875,165],{"class":73},[59,119877,119878],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,119879,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,119881,119882,119884,119886,119888],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,119883,707],{"class":65},[59,119885,358],{"class":73},[59,119887,34787],{"class":142},[59,119889,8647],{"class":73},[59,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898,119901,119903,119905,119907],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,119893,715],{"class":135},[59,119895,139],{"class":73},[59,119897,78],{"class":77},[59,119899,119900],{"class":81},"numbers after sort():",[59,119902,78],{"class":77},[59,119904,87],{"class":73},[59,119906,4277],{"class":142},[59,119908,165],{"class":73},[20,119910,119911],{},[549,119912,168],{},[50,119914,119916],{"className":52,"code":119915,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119917,119918,119941,119961],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,119919,119920,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,119921,119922],{"class":65},"numbers after ",[59,119924,74322],{"class":135},[59,119926,29572],{"class":73},[59,119928,74],{"class":73},[59,119930,2159],{"class":178},[59,119932,87],{"class":73},[59,119934,3009],{"class":178},[59,119936,87],{"class":73},[59,119938,2475],{"class":178},[59,119940,107],{"class":73},[59,119942,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,119944,354],{"class":65},[59,119946,1002],{"class":73},[59,119948,74],{"class":73},[59,119950,195],{"class":178},[59,119952,87],{"class":73},[59,119954,2475],{"class":178},[59,119956,87],{"class":73},[59,119958,4621],{"class":178},[59,119960,107],{"class":73},[59,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,119964,119922],{"class":65},[59,119966,34787],{"class":142},[59,119968,29572],{"class":73},[59,119970,74],{"class":73},[59,119972,195],{"class":178},[59,119974,87],{"class":73},[59,119976,2475],{"class":178},[59,119978,87],{"class":73},[59,119980,4621],{"class":178},[59,119982,107],{"class":73},[20,119984,10714],{},[29,119986,119987,119992],{},[32,119988,119989,119991],{},[15,119990,74232],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[32,119993,119994,119996],{},[15,119995,64119],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[45,119998,776,120000],{"id":119999},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120001,74232],{},[20,120003,201,120004,10602],{},[15,120005,74232],{},[29,120007,120008,120011,120013,120016],{},[32,120009,120010],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[32,120012,118780],{},[32,120014,120015],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[32,120017,120018],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1127,120020,120022],{"id":120021},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[50,120024,120026],{"className":52,"code":120025,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120027,120028,120052,120056,120070,120074,120084],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120029,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120031,664],{"class":65},[59,120033,70],{"class":69},[59,120035,747],{"class":73},[59,120037,2522],{"class":178},[59,120039,87],{"class":73},[59,120041,5506],{"class":178},[59,120043,87],{"class":73},[59,120045,2469],{"class":178},[59,120047,87],{"class":73},[59,120049,3009],{"class":178},[59,120051,165],{"class":73},[59,120053,120054],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120055,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120057,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120059,692],{"class":65},[59,120061,70],{"class":69},[59,120063,74366],{"class":135},[59,120065,139],{"class":73},[59,120067,707],{"class":142},[59,120069,165],{"class":73},[59,120071,120072],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120073,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120075,120076,120078,120080,120082],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120077,715],{"class":135},[59,120079,139],{"class":73},[59,120081,720],{"class":142},[59,120083,165],{"class":73},[59,120085,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,120087,715],{"class":135},[59,120089,139],{"class":73},[59,120091,3239],{"class":697},[59,120093,139],{"class":73},[59,120095,720],{"class":142},[59,120097,710],{"class":73},[20,120099,120100],{},[549,120101,168],{},[50,120103,120105],{"className":52,"code":120104,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120106,120107,120127],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120108,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120110,3914],{"class":73},[59,120112,187],{"class":178},[59,120114,87],{"class":73},[59,120116,3009],{"class":178},[59,120118,87],{"class":73},[59,120120,2469],{"class":178},[59,120122,87],{"class":73},[59,120124,2475],{"class":178},[59,120126,107],{"class":73},[59,120128,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120130,1769],{"class":69},[59,120132,3310],{"class":887},[59,120134,1734],{"class":77},[59,120136,1651],{"class":81},[59,120138,1725],{"class":77},[59,120140,1788],{"class":69},[20,120142,2303,120143,120145,120146,358],{},[15,120144,74232],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[549,120147,1651],{},[20,120149,120150,120151,120153],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[354,120152,52576],{"href":50783}," is a helpful next step.",[45,120155,776,120157],{"id":120156},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120158,77675],{},[20,120160,201,120161,10602],{},[15,120162,77675],{},[29,120164,120165,120168,120171,120174],{},[32,120166,120167],{},"you already have a list",[32,120169,120170],{},"you want to update that list directly",[32,120172,120173],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120175,120176],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1127,120178,120180],{"id":120179},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[50,120182,120184],{"className":52,"code":120183,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120185,120186,120218,120222,120232,120236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120187,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120189,249],{"class":65},[59,120191,70],{"class":69},[59,120193,74],{"class":73},[59,120195,78],{"class":77},[59,120197,5036],{"class":81},[59,120199,78],{"class":77},[59,120201,87],{"class":73},[59,120203,90],{"class":77},[59,120205,5018],{"class":81},[59,120207,78],{"class":77},[59,120209,87],{"class":73},[59,120211,90],{"class":77},[59,120213,5027],{"class":81},[59,120215,78],{"class":77},[59,120217,107],{"class":73},[59,120219,120220],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120221,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120223,120224,120226,120228,120230],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120225,304],{"class":65},[59,120227,358],{"class":73},[59,120229,34787],{"class":142},[59,120231,8647],{"class":73},[59,120233,120234],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120235,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120237,120238,120240,120242,120244],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120239,715],{"class":135},[59,120241,139],{"class":73},[59,120243,304],{"class":142},[59,120245,165],{"class":73},[20,120247,120248],{},[549,120249,168],{},[50,120251,120253],{"className":52,"code":120252,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120254,120255],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120256,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120258,3914],{"class":73},[59,120260,1725],{"class":77},[59,120262,5018],{"class":81},[59,120264,1725],{"class":77},[59,120266,87],{"class":73},[59,120268,1734],{"class":77},[59,120270,5027],{"class":81},[59,120272,1725],{"class":77},[59,120274,87],{"class":73},[59,120276,1734],{"class":77},[59,120278,5036],{"class":81},[59,120280,1725],{"class":77},[59,120282,107],{"class":73},[20,120284,120285],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120287,120288,120289,358],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[354,120290,79681],{"href":78184},[45,120292,120294,4408,120296,120298],{"id":120293},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120295,73385],{},[15,120297,14841],{}," work with both",[20,120300,10591,120301,4408,120303,120305],{},[15,120302,74232],{},[15,120304,77675],{}," support:",[29,120307,120308,120313],{},[32,120309,120310,120312],{},[15,120311,77899],{}," for descending order",[32,120314,120315,120318],{},[15,120316,120317],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120320,120321],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1127,120323,120325],{"id":120324},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[50,120327,120329],{"className":52,"code":120328,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120330,120331,120351,120355,120377,120381,120399],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120332,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120334,664],{"class":65},[59,120336,70],{"class":69},[59,120338,74],{"class":73},[59,120340,950],{"class":178},[59,120342,87],{"class":73},[59,120344,5506],{"class":178},[59,120346,87],{"class":73},[59,120348,3009],{"class":178},[59,120350,107],{"class":73},[59,120352,120353],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120354,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120356,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120358,715],{"class":135},[59,120360,139],{"class":73},[59,120362,74322],{"class":135},[59,120364,139],{"class":73},[59,120366,707],{"class":142},[59,120368,87],{"class":73},[59,120370,77878],{"class":385},[59,120372,70],{"class":69},[59,120374,3619],{"class":3867},[59,120376,710],{"class":73},[59,120378,120379],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120380,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120382,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120384,707],{"class":65},[59,120386,358],{"class":73},[59,120388,34787],{"class":142},[59,120390,139],{"class":73},[59,120392,73385],{"class":385},[59,120394,70],{"class":69},[59,120396,3619],{"class":3867},[59,120398,165],{"class":73},[59,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,120402,715],{"class":135},[59,120404,139],{"class":73},[59,120406,707],{"class":142},[59,120408,165],{"class":73},[20,120410,120411],{},[549,120412,168],{},[50,120414,120416],{"className":52,"code":120415,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120417,120418,120434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120419,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120421,3914],{"class":73},[59,120423,950],{"class":178},[59,120425,87],{"class":73},[59,120427,3009],{"class":178},[59,120429,87],{"class":73},[59,120431,5506],{"class":178},[59,120433,107],{"class":73},[59,120435,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120437,3914],{"class":73},[59,120439,950],{"class":178},[59,120441,87],{"class":73},[59,120443,3009],{"class":178},[59,120445,87],{"class":73},[59,120447,5506],{"class":178},[59,120449,107],{"class":73},[1127,120451,120453],{"id":120452},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[50,120455,120457],{"className":52,"code":120456,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120458,120459,120491,120495,120521,120525,120547],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120460,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120462,4085],{"class":65},[59,120464,70],{"class":69},[59,120466,74],{"class":73},[59,120468,78],{"class":77},[59,120470,83171],{"class":81},[59,120472,78],{"class":77},[59,120474,87],{"class":73},[59,120476,90],{"class":77},[59,120478,588],{"class":81},[59,120480,78],{"class":77},[59,120482,87],{"class":73},[59,120484,90],{"class":77},[59,120486,118645],{"class":81},[59,120488,78],{"class":77},[59,120490,107],{"class":73},[59,120492,120493],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120494,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120496,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120498,715],{"class":135},[59,120500,139],{"class":73},[59,120502,74322],{"class":135},[59,120504,139],{"class":73},[59,120506,4127],{"class":142},[59,120508,87],{"class":73},[59,120510,21578],{"class":385},[59,120512,70],{"class":69},[59,120514,3460],{"class":697},[59,120516,358],{"class":73},[59,120518,8644],{"class":929},[59,120520,710],{"class":73},[59,120522,120523],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120524,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120528,4127],{"class":65},[59,120530,358],{"class":73},[59,120532,34787],{"class":142},[59,120534,139],{"class":73},[59,120536,14841],{"class":385},[59,120538,70],{"class":69},[59,120540,3460],{"class":697},[59,120542,358],{"class":73},[59,120544,8644],{"class":929},[59,120546,165],{"class":73},[59,120548,120549,120551,120553,120555],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,120550,715],{"class":135},[59,120552,139],{"class":73},[59,120554,4127],{"class":142},[59,120556,165],{"class":73},[20,120558,120559],{},[549,120560,168],{},[50,120562,120564],{"className":52,"code":120563,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120565,120566,120594],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120567,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120569,3914],{"class":73},[59,120571,1725],{"class":77},[59,120573,588],{"class":81},[59,120575,1725],{"class":77},[59,120577,87],{"class":73},[59,120579,1734],{"class":77},[59,120581,83171],{"class":81},[59,120583,1725],{"class":77},[59,120585,87],{"class":73},[59,120587,1734],{"class":77},[59,120589,118645],{"class":81},[59,120591,1725],{"class":77},[59,120593,107],{"class":73},[59,120595,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120597,3914],{"class":73},[59,120599,1725],{"class":77},[59,120601,588],{"class":81},[59,120603,1725],{"class":77},[59,120605,87],{"class":73},[59,120607,1734],{"class":77},[59,120609,83171],{"class":81},[59,120611,1725],{"class":77},[59,120613,87],{"class":73},[59,120615,1734],{"class":77},[59,120617,118645],{"class":81},[59,120619,1725],{"class":77},[59,120621,107],{"class":73},[20,120623,1599,120624,120626],{},[15,120625,78393],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120628,120629,120630,358],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[354,120631,120633],{"href":120632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[45,120635,120637],{"id":120636},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120639,120640],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1127,120642,120644,120645,12600],{"id":120643},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120646,77675],{},[20,120648,120649],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[50,120651,120653],{"className":52,"code":120652,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120654,120655,120675,120679,120693,120697,120707],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120658,664],{"class":65},[59,120660,70],{"class":69},[59,120662,74],{"class":73},[59,120664,950],{"class":178},[59,120666,87],{"class":73},[59,120668,5506],{"class":178},[59,120670,87],{"class":73},[59,120672,3009],{"class":178},[59,120674,107],{"class":73},[59,120676,120677],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120678,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120680,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120682,692],{"class":65},[59,120684,70],{"class":69},[59,120686,4277],{"class":65},[59,120688,358],{"class":73},[59,120690,34787],{"class":142},[59,120692,8647],{"class":73},[59,120694,120695],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120696,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120700,715],{"class":135},[59,120702,139],{"class":73},[59,120704,720],{"class":142},[59,120706,165],{"class":73},[59,120708,120709,120711,120713,120715],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,120710,715],{"class":135},[59,120712,139],{"class":73},[59,120714,707],{"class":142},[59,120716,165],{"class":73},[20,120718,120719],{},[549,120720,168],{},[50,120722,120723],{"className":52,"code":79016,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,120724,120725,120729],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120726,120727],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120728,11810],{"class":3867},[59,120730,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120732,3914],{"class":73},[59,120734,187],{"class":178},[59,120736,87],{"class":73},[59,120738,3009],{"class":178},[59,120740,87],{"class":73},[59,120742,2469],{"class":178},[59,120744,107],{"class":73},[20,120746,11902],{},[29,120748,120749,120754,120759],{},[32,120750,120751,120753],{},[15,120752,119756],{}," sorts the list in place",[32,120755,35003,120756,120758],{},[549,120757,4647],{}," return the sorted list",[32,120760,89795,120761,41955,120763],{},[15,120762,720],{},[15,120764,3792],{},[1127,120766,120768,120769,120771],{"id":120767},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120770,74232],{}," to change the original list",[50,120773,120775],{"className":52,"code":120774,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120776,120777,120797,120801,120811,120815],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120778,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120780,664],{"class":65},[59,120782,70],{"class":69},[59,120784,74],{"class":73},[59,120786,950],{"class":178},[59,120788,87],{"class":73},[59,120790,5506],{"class":178},[59,120792,87],{"class":73},[59,120794,3009],{"class":178},[59,120796,107],{"class":73},[59,120798,120799],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120800,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120802,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120804,74322],{"class":135},[59,120806,139],{"class":73},[59,120808,707],{"class":142},[59,120810,165],{"class":73},[59,120812,120813],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120814,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120818,715],{"class":135},[59,120820,139],{"class":73},[59,120822,707],{"class":142},[59,120824,165],{"class":73},[20,120826,120827],{},[549,120828,168],{},[50,120830,120831],{"className":52,"code":118977,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,120832,120833],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120836,3914],{"class":73},[59,120838,950],{"class":178},[59,120840,87],{"class":73},[59,120842,5506],{"class":178},[59,120844,87],{"class":73},[59,120846,3009],{"class":178},[59,120848,107],{"class":73},[20,120850,120851,120854],{},[15,120852,120853],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120856,10809],{},[50,120858,120860],{"className":52,"code":120859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120861,120862,120882,120886,120900,120904],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120863,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120865,664],{"class":65},[59,120867,70],{"class":69},[59,120869,74],{"class":73},[59,120871,950],{"class":178},[59,120873,87],{"class":73},[59,120875,5506],{"class":178},[59,120877,87],{"class":73},[59,120879,3009],{"class":178},[59,120881,107],{"class":73},[59,120883,120884],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120885,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120887,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,120889,55447],{"class":65},[59,120891,70],{"class":69},[59,120893,74366],{"class":135},[59,120895,139],{"class":73},[59,120897,707],{"class":142},[59,120899,165],{"class":73},[59,120901,120902],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,120903,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,120907,715],{"class":135},[59,120909,139],{"class":73},[59,120911,55466],{"class":142},[59,120913,165],{"class":73},[1127,120915,120917,120918,120920],{"id":120916},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120919,64119],{}," on a tuple or string",[50,120922,120923],{"className":52,"code":79118,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,120924,120925,120937],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120926,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120928,34675],{"class":65},[59,120930,70],{"class":69},[59,120932,90],{"class":77},[59,120934,54],{"class":81},[59,120936,3374],{"class":77},[59,120938,120939,120941,120943,120945],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120940,34696],{"class":65},[59,120942,358],{"class":73},[59,120944,34787],{"class":142},[59,120946,8647],{"class":73},[20,120948,120949,120950,33588],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120951,64119],{},[20,120953,120954,120956],{},[15,120955,64119],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120958,120959,120960,120962,120963,358],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120961,74232],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[354,120964,1491],{"href":1490},[1127,120966,120968,120969,119014],{"id":120967},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120970,74232],{},[50,120972,120974],{"className":52,"code":120973,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120975,120976,120989,121003,121007,121017],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,120977,120978,120980,120982,120984,120987],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,120979,34675],{"class":65},[59,120981,70],{"class":69},[59,120983,90],{"class":77},[59,120985,120986],{"class":81},"cab",[59,120988,3374],{"class":77},[59,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,120992,692],{"class":65},[59,120994,70],{"class":69},[59,120996,74366],{"class":135},[59,120998,139],{"class":73},[59,121000,34696],{"class":142},[59,121002,165],{"class":73},[59,121004,121005],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121006,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121010,715],{"class":135},[59,121012,139],{"class":73},[59,121014,720],{"class":142},[59,121016,165],{"class":73},[59,121018,121019,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121020,715],{"class":135},[59,121022,139],{"class":73},[59,121024,3239],{"class":697},[59,121026,139],{"class":73},[59,121028,720],{"class":142},[59,121030,710],{"class":73},[20,121032,121033],{},[549,121034,168],{},[50,121036,121038],{"className":52,"code":121037,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121039,121040,121068],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121041,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121043,3914],{"class":73},[59,121045,1725],{"class":77},[59,121047,354],{"class":81},[59,121049,1725],{"class":77},[59,121051,87],{"class":73},[59,121053,1734],{"class":77},[59,121055,442],{"class":81},[59,121057,1725],{"class":77},[59,121059,87],{"class":73},[59,121061,1734],{"class":77},[59,121063,451],{"class":81},[59,121065,1725],{"class":77},[59,121067,107],{"class":73},[59,121069,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121071,1769],{"class":69},[59,121073,3310],{"class":887},[59,121075,1734],{"class":77},[59,121077,1651],{"class":81},[59,121079,1725],{"class":77},[59,121081,1788],{"class":69},[20,121083,121084],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[45,121086,113535],{"id":113534},[20,121088,121089],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[29,121091,121092,121095,121100,121105,121111],{},[32,121093,121094],{},"confusing a function with a method",[32,121096,121097,121098,53449],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121099,64119],{},[32,121101,121102,121103,12600],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121104,77675],{},[32,121106,121107,121108,121110],{},"trying to use ",[15,121109,64119],{}," on non-list data types",[32,121112,50309,121113,121115],{},[15,121114,74232],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121117,121118],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[50,121120,121122],{"className":52,"code":121121,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121123,121124,121134,121148,121173,121188,121198],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121127,715],{"class":135},[59,121129,139],{"class":73},[59,121131,8344],{"class":142},[59,121133,165],{"class":73},[59,121135,121136,121138,121140,121142,121144,121146],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121137,715],{"class":135},[59,121139,139],{"class":73},[59,121141,74322],{"class":135},[59,121143,139],{"class":73},[59,121145,8344],{"class":142},[59,121147,710],{"class":73},[59,121149,121150,121152,121154,121156,121158,121160,121162,121165,121167,121169,121171],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121151,692],{"class":65},[59,121153,70],{"class":69},[59,121155,8400],{"class":65},[59,121157,358],{"class":73},[59,121159,34787],{"class":142},[59,121161,7373],{"class":73},[59,121163,121164],{"class":65},"; ",[59,121166,715],{"class":135},[59,121168,139],{"class":73},[59,121170,720],{"class":142},[59,121172,165],{"class":73},[59,121174,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121186],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121176,715],{"class":135},[59,121178,139],{"class":73},[59,121180,3239],{"class":697},[59,121182,139],{"class":73},[59,121184,121185],{"class":142},"my_data",[59,121187,710],{"class":73},[59,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121191,32141],{"class":135},[59,121193,139],{"class":73},[59,121195,74322],{"class":135},[59,121197,165],{"class":73},[59,121199,121200,121202,121204,121206,121208,121210],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,121201,32141],{"class":135},[59,121203,139],{"class":73},[59,121205,1651],{"class":697},[59,121207,358],{"class":73},[59,121209,34787],{"class":929},[59,121211,165],{"class":73},[20,121213,84181],{},[29,121215,121216,121219,121223,121231],{},[32,121217,121218],{},"whether your original list changed",[32,121220,26009,121221,542],{},[15,121222,74232],{},[32,121224,121225,121226,121228,121229],{},"whether ",[15,121227,64119],{}," returned ",[15,121230,3792],{},[32,121232,121233],{},"what type of object you are working with",[45,121235,121237],{"id":121236},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121239,121240],{},"Use this rule:",[29,121242,121243,121251],{},[32,121244,121245,121246,121248,121249],{},"Need a ",[549,121247,119339],{},": use ",[15,121250,74232],{},[32,121252,121253,121254,121248,121257],{},"Need to ",[549,121255,121256],{},"change one list directly",[15,121258,77675],{},[20,121260,121261,121262,121264],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121263,74232],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[45,121266,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,121268,121270,121271,2896,121273,1905],{"id":121269},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121272,74232],{},[15,121274,77675],{},[20,121276,121277,121279],{},[15,121278,74232],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1127,121281,5169,121283,5172,121285,1905],{"id":121282},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121284,77675],{},[15,121286,3792],{},[20,121288,121289],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1127,121291,1914,121293,121295],{"id":121292},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121294,74232],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121297,121298],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1127,121300,28318,121302,121304],{"id":121301},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121303,64119],{}," on a string?",[20,121306,46167,121307,121309,121310,39728],{},[15,121308,64119],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121311,121312],{},"sorted(string)",[1127,121314,11821,121316,4408,121318,121320],{"id":121315},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121317,74232],{},[15,121319,64119],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121322,121323,121324,358],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121325,77899],{},[45,121327,1927],{"id":1926},[29,121329,121330,121336,121342,121346,121350],{},[32,121331,121332],{},[354,121333,13,121334,536],{"href":74329},[15,121335,74232],{},[32,121337,121338],{},[354,121339,13,121340,10742],{"href":74583},[15,121341,77675],{},[32,121343,121344],{},[354,121345,79681],{"href":78184},[32,121347,121348],{},[354,121349,120633],{"href":120632},[32,121351,121352],{},[354,121353,52576],{"href":50783},[1953,121355,121356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":121358},[121359,121360,121361,121365,121369,121372,121376,121380,121385,121395,121396,121397,121409],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":119427,"depth":110,"text":119428},{"id":117530,"depth":110,"text":119252,"children":121362},[121363],{"id":119494,"depth":117,"text":121364},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77741,"depth":110,"text":79703,"children":121366},[121367],{"id":119671,"depth":117,"text":121368},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119767,"depth":110,"text":119768,"children":121370},[121371],{"id":119793,"depth":117,"text":119794},{"id":119999,"depth":110,"text":121373,"children":121374},"When to use sorted()",[121375],{"id":120021,"depth":117,"text":120022},{"id":120156,"depth":110,"text":121377,"children":121378},"When to use list.sort()",[121379],{"id":120179,"depth":117,"text":120180},{"id":120293,"depth":110,"text":121381,"children":121382},"reverse and key work with both",[121383,121384],{"id":120324,"depth":117,"text":120325},{"id":120452,"depth":117,"text":120453},{"id":120636,"depth":110,"text":120637,"children":121386},[121387,121389,121391,121393],{"id":120643,"depth":117,"text":121388},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120767,"depth":117,"text":121390},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120916,"depth":117,"text":121392},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120967,"depth":117,"text":121394},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113534,"depth":110,"text":113535},{"id":121236,"depth":110,"text":121237},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":121398},[121399,121401,121403,121405,121407],{"id":121269,"depth":117,"text":121400},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121282,"depth":117,"text":121402},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121292,"depth":117,"text":121404},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121301,"depth":117,"text":121406},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121315,"depth":117,"text":121408},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119298,"description":121410},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121416,"title":41976,"body":121417,"description":123149,"extension":1988,"meta":123150,"navigation":113,"path":123151,"seo":123152,"stem":123153,"__hash__":123154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121418,"toc":123106},[121419,121424,121429,121435,121437,121492,121496,121519,121524,121529,121534,121536,121567,121570,121584,121586,121588,121603,121608,121612,121615,121666,121670,121684,121691,121695,121699,121754,121758,121781,121785,121841,121845,121868,121872,121927,121931,121954,121958,122025,122029,122064,122070,122075,122080,122082,122096,122098,122172,122176,122196,122201,122208,122211,122223,122225,122294,122298,122335,122338,122363,122370,122379,122382,122394,122400,122406,122408,122414,122419,122498,122502,122543,122547,122549,122576,122579,122602,122605,122611,122614,122651,122663,122670,122672,122723,122726,122758,122761,122763,122770,122772,122787,122789,122846,122850,122874,122876,122881,122897,122904,122908,122911,122994,123004,123006,123011,123014,123020,123023,123029,123032,123038,123041,123048,123056,123058,123103],[10,121420,13,121422,18],{"id":121421},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121423,47486],{},[20,121425,32306,121426,121428],{},[15,121427,47486],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121430,121431,121432,121434],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121433,47486],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[45,121436,48],{"id":47},[50,121438,121440],{"className":52,"code":121439,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121441,121442,121450,121464,121468,121478],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121443,121444,121446,121448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121445,21626],{"class":65},[59,121447,70],{"class":69},[59,121449,45027],{"class":178},[59,121451,121452,121454,121456,121458,121460,121462],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121453,34675],{"class":65},[59,121455,70],{"class":69},[59,121457,48707],{"class":697},[59,121459,139],{"class":73},[59,121461,9299],{"class":142},[59,121463,165],{"class":73},[59,121465,121466],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121467,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121469,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121471,715],{"class":135},[59,121473,139],{"class":73},[59,121475,34696],{"class":142},[59,121477,165],{"class":73},[59,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486,121488,121490],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121481,715],{"class":135},[59,121483,139],{"class":73},[59,121485,3239],{"class":697},[59,121487,139],{"class":73},[59,121489,34696],{"class":142},[59,121491,710],{"class":73},[20,121493,121494],{},[549,121495,168],{},[50,121497,121499],{"className":52,"code":121498,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121500,121501,121505],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121502,121503],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121504,2727],{"class":178},[59,121506,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515,121517],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121508,1769],{"class":69},[59,121510,3310],{"class":887},[59,121512,1734],{"class":77},[59,121514,3460],{"class":81},[59,121516,1725],{"class":77},[59,121518,1788],{"class":69},[20,121520,201,121521,121523],{},[15,121522,47486],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[45,121525,208,121527,211],{"id":121526},"what-str-does",[15,121528,47486],{},[20,121530,121531,121533],{},[15,121532,47486],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121535,2130],{},[29,121537,121538,121545,121552,121559],{},[32,121539,121540,121541,41955,121543],{},"An integer like ",[15,121542,671],{},[15,121544,41926],{},[32,121546,121547,121548,41955,121550],{},"A float like ",[15,121549,39942],{},[15,121551,47897],{},[32,121553,121554,121555,41955,121557],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121556,3619],{},[15,121558,6648],{},[32,121560,121561,121562,41955,121564],{},"A list like ",[15,121563,75054],{},[15,121565,121566],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121568,121569],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[29,121571,121572,121575,121578,121581],{},[32,121573,121574],{},"print it",[32,121576,121577],{},"combine it with other strings",[32,121579,121580],{},"save it to a file",[32,121582,121583],{},"use it in messages",[45,121585,362],{"id":361},[20,121587,7225],{},[50,121589,121591],{"className":52,"code":121590,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"str(object)\n",[15,121592,121593],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121594,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121596,3460],{"class":697},[59,121598,139],{"class":73},[59,121600,42199],{"class":697},[59,121602,165],{"class":73},[20,121604,20770,121605,121607],{},[15,121606,42199],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121609,121610,8230],{},[15,121611,47486],{},[20,121613,121614],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[50,121616,121618],{"className":52,"code":121617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121619,121620,121629,121652,121656],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121621,121622,121624,121626],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121623,5109],{"class":65},[59,121625,70],{"class":69},[59,121627,121628],{"class":178}," 100\n",[59,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121640,121642,121644,121646,121648,121650],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121632,89815],{"class":65},[59,121634,70],{"class":69},[59,121636,90],{"class":77},[59,121638,121639],{"class":81},"Your score is ",[59,121641,78],{"class":77},[59,121643,2472],{"class":69},[59,121645,48707],{"class":697},[59,121647,139],{"class":73},[59,121649,85328],{"class":142},[59,121651,165],{"class":73},[59,121653,121654],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121655,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121657,121658,121660,121662,121664],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121659,715],{"class":135},[59,121661,139],{"class":73},[59,121663,89832],{"class":142},[59,121665,165],{"class":73},[20,121667,121668],{},[549,121669,168],{},[50,121671,121673],{"className":52,"code":121672,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121674,121675],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121676,121677,121680,121682],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121678,121679],{"class":65},"Your score ",[59,121681,12196],{"class":69},[59,121683,121628],{"class":178},[20,121685,2313,121686,121690],{},[354,121687,121688,2320],{"href":2316},[15,121689,2319],{}," can help you check.",[45,121692,121694],{"id":121693},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1127,121696,121698],{"id":121697},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[50,121700,121702],{"className":52,"code":121701,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121703,121704,121712,121726,121730,121740],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121705,121706,121708,121710],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121707,2236],{"class":65},[59,121709,70],{"class":69},[59,121711,2605],{"class":178},[59,121713,121714,121716,121718,121720,121722,121724],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121715,34675],{"class":65},[59,121717,70],{"class":69},[59,121719,48707],{"class":697},[59,121721,139],{"class":73},[59,121723,896],{"class":142},[59,121725,165],{"class":73},[59,121727,121728],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121729,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121731,121732,121734,121736,121738],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121733,715],{"class":135},[59,121735,139],{"class":73},[59,121737,34696],{"class":142},[59,121739,165],{"class":73},[59,121741,121742,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121743,715],{"class":135},[59,121745,139],{"class":73},[59,121747,3239],{"class":697},[59,121749,139],{"class":73},[59,121751,34696],{"class":142},[59,121753,710],{"class":73},[20,121755,121756],{},[549,121757,168],{},[50,121759,121761],{"className":52,"code":121760,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121762,121763,121767],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121764,121765],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121766,2393],{"class":178},[59,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121770,1769],{"class":69},[59,121772,3310],{"class":887},[59,121774,1734],{"class":77},[59,121776,3460],{"class":81},[59,121778,1725],{"class":77},[59,121780,1788],{"class":69},[1127,121782,121784],{"id":121783},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[50,121786,121788],{"className":52,"code":121787,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121789,121790,121799,121813,121817,121827],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121791,121792,121794,121796],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121793,40186],{"class":65},[59,121795,70],{"class":69},[59,121797,121798],{"class":178}," 3.14\n",[59,121800,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809,121811],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121802,34675],{"class":65},[59,121804,70],{"class":69},[59,121806,48707],{"class":697},[59,121808,139],{"class":73},[59,121810,25142],{"class":142},[59,121812,165],{"class":73},[59,121814,121815],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121816,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121818,121819,121821,121823,121825],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121820,715],{"class":135},[59,121822,139],{"class":73},[59,121824,34696],{"class":142},[59,121826,165],{"class":73},[59,121828,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121830,715],{"class":135},[59,121832,139],{"class":73},[59,121834,3239],{"class":697},[59,121836,139],{"class":73},[59,121838,34696],{"class":142},[59,121840,710],{"class":73},[20,121842,121843],{},[549,121844,168],{},[50,121846,121848],{"className":52,"code":121847,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121849,121850,121854],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121851,121852],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121853,39976],{"class":178},[59,121855,121856,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121857,1769],{"class":69},[59,121859,3310],{"class":887},[59,121861,1734],{"class":77},[59,121863,3460],{"class":81},[59,121865,1725],{"class":77},[59,121867,1788],{"class":69},[1127,121869,121871],{"id":121870},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[50,121873,121875],{"className":52,"code":121874,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121876,121877,121885,121899,121903,121913],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121878,121879,121881,121883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121880,2464],{"class":65},[59,121882,70],{"class":69},[59,121884,6429],{"class":3867},[59,121886,121887,121889,121891,121893,121895,121897],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121888,34675],{"class":65},[59,121890,70],{"class":69},[59,121892,48707],{"class":697},[59,121894,139],{"class":73},[59,121896,1217],{"class":142},[59,121898,165],{"class":73},[59,121900,121901],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,121902,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,121906,715],{"class":135},[59,121908,139],{"class":73},[59,121910,34696],{"class":142},[59,121912,165],{"class":73},[59,121914,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,121916,715],{"class":135},[59,121918,139],{"class":73},[59,121920,3239],{"class":697},[59,121922,139],{"class":73},[59,121924,34696],{"class":142},[59,121926,710],{"class":73},[20,121928,121929],{},[549,121930,168],{},[50,121932,121934],{"className":52,"code":121933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121935,121936,121940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121937,121938],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121939,3994],{"class":3867},[59,121941,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950,121952],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121943,1769],{"class":69},[59,121945,3310],{"class":887},[59,121947,1734],{"class":77},[59,121949,3460],{"class":81},[59,121951,1725],{"class":77},[59,121953,1788],{"class":69},[1127,121955,121957],{"id":121956},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[50,121959,121961],{"className":52,"code":121960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121962,121963,121983,121997,122001,122011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,121964,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,121966,1251],{"class":65},[59,121968,70],{"class":69},[59,121970,74],{"class":73},[59,121972,187],{"class":178},[59,121974,87],{"class":73},[59,121976,3009],{"class":178},[59,121978,87],{"class":73},[59,121980,2469],{"class":178},[59,121982,107],{"class":73},[59,121984,121985,121987,121989,121991,121993,121995],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,121986,34675],{"class":65},[59,121988,70],{"class":69},[59,121990,48707],{"class":697},[59,121992,139],{"class":73},[59,121994,1297],{"class":142},[59,121996,165],{"class":73},[59,121998,121999],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122000,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122004,715],{"class":135},[59,122006,139],{"class":73},[59,122008,34696],{"class":142},[59,122010,165],{"class":73},[59,122012,122013,122015,122017,122019,122021,122023],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122014,715],{"class":135},[59,122016,139],{"class":73},[59,122018,3239],{"class":697},[59,122020,139],{"class":73},[59,122022,34696],{"class":142},[59,122024,710],{"class":73},[20,122026,122027],{},[549,122028,168],{},[50,122030,122032],{"className":52,"code":122031,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122033,122034,122050],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122035,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046,122048],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122037,3914],{"class":73},[59,122039,187],{"class":178},[59,122041,87],{"class":73},[59,122043,3009],{"class":178},[59,122045,87],{"class":73},[59,122047,2469],{"class":178},[59,122049,107],{"class":73},[59,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122053,1769],{"class":69},[59,122055,3310],{"class":887},[59,122057,1734],{"class":77},[59,122059,3460],{"class":81},[59,122061,1725],{"class":77},[59,122063,1788],{"class":69},[20,122065,122066,122067,122069],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[549,122068,4647],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[45,122071,776,122073],{"id":122072},"when-to-use-str",[15,122074,47486],{},[20,122076,201,122077,122079],{},[15,122078,47486],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122081,786],{},[29,122083,122084,122087,122090,122093],{},[32,122085,122086],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[32,122088,122089],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[32,122091,122092],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[32,122094,122095],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122097,239],{},[50,122099,122101],{"className":52,"code":122100,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122102,122103,122115,122123,122127,122162],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122104,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122106,7882],{"class":65},[59,122108,70],{"class":69},[59,122110,90],{"class":77},[59,122112,11512],{"class":81},[59,122114,3374],{"class":77},[59,122116,122117,122119,122121],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122118,21626],{"class":65},[59,122120,70],{"class":69},[59,122122,45027],{"class":178},[59,122124,122125],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122126,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122128,122129,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122160],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122130,89815],{"class":65},[59,122132,70],{"class":69},[59,122134,295],{"class":65},[59,122136,2084],{"class":69},[59,122138,90],{"class":77},[59,122140,1205],{"class":81},[59,122142,78],{"class":77},[59,122144,2472],{"class":69},[59,122146,48707],{"class":697},[59,122148,139],{"class":73},[59,122150,9299],{"class":142},[59,122152,3675],{"class":73},[59,122154,2472],{"class":69},[59,122156,90],{"class":77},[59,122158,122159],{"class":81}," years old.",[59,122161,3374],{"class":77},[59,122163,122164,122166,122168,122170],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122165,715],{"class":135},[59,122167,139],{"class":73},[59,122169,89832],{"class":142},[59,122171,165],{"class":73},[20,122173,122174],{},[549,122175,168],{},[50,122177,122179],{"className":52,"code":122178,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122180,122181],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122182,122183,122186,122188,122190,122193],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122184,122185],{"class":65},"Maya ",[59,122187,12196],{"class":69},[59,122189,9306],{"class":178},[59,122191,122192],{"class":65}," years old",[59,122194,122195],{"class":73},".\n",[20,122197,122198,122199,358],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[354,122200,89501],{"href":89500},[45,122202,122204,10586,122206],{"id":122203},"str-vs-print",[15,122205,47486],{},[15,122207,46254],{},[20,122209,122210],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[29,122212,122213,122218],{},[32,122214,122215,122217],{},[15,122216,47486],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[32,122219,122220,122222],{},[15,122221,46254],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122224,239],{},[50,122226,122228],{"className":52,"code":122227,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122229,122230,122238,122242,122256,122266,122280],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122231,122232,122234,122236],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122233,2464],{"class":65},[59,122235,70],{"class":69},[59,122237,2787],{"class":178},[59,122239,122240],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122241,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122243,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122245,34675],{"class":65},[59,122247,70],{"class":69},[59,122249,48707],{"class":697},[59,122251,139],{"class":73},[59,122253,1217],{"class":142},[59,122255,165],{"class":73},[59,122257,122258,122260,122262,122264],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122259,715],{"class":135},[59,122261,139],{"class":73},[59,122263,34696],{"class":142},[59,122265,165],{"class":73},[59,122267,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122269,715],{"class":135},[59,122271,139],{"class":73},[59,122273,3239],{"class":697},[59,122275,139],{"class":73},[59,122277,34696],{"class":142},[59,122279,710],{"class":73},[59,122281,122282,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,122283,715],{"class":135},[59,122285,139],{"class":73},[59,122287,3239],{"class":697},[59,122289,139],{"class":73},[59,122291,1217],{"class":142},[59,122293,710],{"class":73},[20,122295,122296],{},[549,122297,168],{},[50,122299,122301],{"className":52,"code":122300,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122302,122303,122307,122321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122304,122305],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122306,46414],{"class":178},[59,122308,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122310,1769],{"class":69},[59,122312,3310],{"class":887},[59,122314,1734],{"class":77},[59,122316,3460],{"class":81},[59,122318,1725],{"class":77},[59,122320,1788],{"class":69},[59,122322,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122324,1769],{"class":69},[59,122326,3310],{"class":887},[59,122328,1734],{"class":77},[59,122330,2209],{"class":81},[59,122332,1725],{"class":77},[59,122334,1788],{"class":69},[20,122336,122337],{},"Notice:",[29,122339,122340,122346,122351],{},[32,122341,122342,122345],{},[15,122343,122344],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[32,122347,122348,122350],{},[15,122349,46254],{}," only displayed values",[32,122352,122353,122355,122356,122358,122359,61108,122361],{},[15,122354,46254],{}," did not change ",[15,122357,1217],{}," from ",[15,122360,2209],{},[15,122362,3460],{},[20,122364,122365,122366,358],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[354,122367,122368,2320],{"href":46251},[15,122369,46254],{},[45,122371,122373,10586,122375,122378],{"id":122372},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122374,47486],{},[15,122376,122377],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122380,122381],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[29,122383,122384,122389],{},[32,122385,122386,122388],{},[15,122387,47486],{}," is the more readable text version",[32,122390,122391,122393],{},[15,122392,122377],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122395,122396,122397,122399],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122398,47486],{}," much more often.",[20,122401,122402,122403,122405],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122404,47486],{}," is usually the right choice.",[45,122407,4534],{"id":4533},[1127,122409,25764,122411,122413],{"id":122410},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122412,47486],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122415,122416,122418],{},[15,122417,47486],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[50,122420,122422],{"className":52,"code":122421,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122423,122424,122432,122446,122450,122460,122474,122484],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122425,122426,122428,122430],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122427,21626],{"class":65},[59,122429,70],{"class":69},[59,122431,45027],{"class":178},[59,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122435,34675],{"class":65},[59,122437,70],{"class":69},[59,122439,48707],{"class":697},[59,122441,139],{"class":73},[59,122443,9299],{"class":142},[59,122445,165],{"class":73},[59,122447,122448],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122449,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122451,122452,122454,122456,122458],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122453,715],{"class":135},[59,122455,139],{"class":73},[59,122457,9299],{"class":142},[59,122459,165],{"class":73},[59,122461,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122463,715],{"class":135},[59,122465,139],{"class":73},[59,122467,3239],{"class":697},[59,122469,139],{"class":73},[59,122471,9299],{"class":142},[59,122473,710],{"class":73},[59,122475,122476,122478,122480,122482],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,122477,715],{"class":135},[59,122479,139],{"class":73},[59,122481,34696],{"class":142},[59,122483,165],{"class":73},[59,122485,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,122487,715],{"class":135},[59,122489,139],{"class":73},[59,122491,3239],{"class":697},[59,122493,139],{"class":73},[59,122495,34696],{"class":142},[59,122497,710],{"class":73},[20,122499,122500],{},[549,122501,168],{},[50,122503,122505],{"className":52,"code":122504,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122506,122507,122511,122525,122529],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122508,122509],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122510,2727],{"class":178},[59,122512,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122514,1769],{"class":69},[59,122516,3310],{"class":887},[59,122518,1734],{"class":77},[59,122520,2209],{"class":81},[59,122522,1725],{"class":77},[59,122524,1788],{"class":69},[59,122526,122527],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122528,2727],{"class":178},[59,122530,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122532,1769],{"class":69},[59,122534,3310],{"class":887},[59,122536,1734],{"class":77},[59,122538,3460],{"class":81},[59,122540,1725],{"class":77},[59,122542,1788],{"class":69},[1127,122544,122546],{"id":122545},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122548,1241],{},[50,122550,122552],{"className":52,"code":122551,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122553,122554,122562],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122555,122556,122558,122560],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122557,21626],{"class":65},[59,122559,70],{"class":69},[59,122561,45027],{"class":178},[59,122563,122564,122566,122568,122570,122572,122574],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122565,34675],{"class":65},[59,122567,70],{"class":69},[59,122569,48707],{"class":697},[59,122571,139],{"class":73},[59,122573,9299],{"class":142},[59,122575,165],{"class":73},[20,122577,122578],{},"But if you only do this:",[50,122580,122582],{"className":52,"code":122581,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122583,122584,122592],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122585,122586,122588,122590],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122587,21626],{"class":65},[59,122589,70],{"class":69},[59,122591,45027],{"class":178},[59,122593,122594,122596,122598,122600],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122595,3460],{"class":697},[59,122597,139],{"class":73},[59,122599,9299],{"class":142},[59,122601,165],{"class":73},[20,122603,122604],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1127,122606,1599,122608,122610],{"id":122607},"using-str-too-early",[15,122609,47486],{}," too early",[20,122612,122613],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[50,122615,122617],{"className":52,"code":122616,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122618,122619,122627,122642,122646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122620,122621,122623,122625],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122622,40186],{"class":65},[59,122624,70],{"class":69},[59,122626,2605],{"class":178},[59,122628,122629,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122630,122631],{"class":65},"text_price ",[59,122633,70],{"class":69},[59,122635,48707],{"class":697},[59,122637,139],{"class":73},[59,122639,25142],{"class":142},[59,122641,165],{"class":73},[59,122643,122644],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122645,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122647,122648],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122649,122650],{"class":3678},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122652,122653,122654,2896,122658,122662],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[354,122655,122656],{"href":2892},[15,122657,2895],{},[354,122659,122660],{"href":2899},[15,122661,2902],{},", depending on the situation.",[1127,122664,8456,122666,122669],{"id":122665},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122667,122668],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122671,64451],{},[50,122673,122675],{"className":52,"code":122674,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122676,122677,122709],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122680,1251],{"class":65},[59,122682,70],{"class":69},[59,122684,74],{"class":73},[59,122686,78],{"class":77},[59,122688,588],{"class":81},[59,122690,78],{"class":77},[59,122692,87],{"class":73},[59,122694,90],{"class":77},[59,122696,597],{"class":81},[59,122698,78],{"class":77},[59,122700,87],{"class":73},[59,122702,90],{"class":77},[59,122704,606],{"class":81},[59,122706,78],{"class":77},[59,122708,107],{"class":73},[59,122710,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122712,715],{"class":135},[59,122714,139],{"class":73},[59,122716,3460],{"class":697},[59,122718,139],{"class":73},[59,122720,1297],{"class":142},[59,122722,710],{"class":73},[20,122724,122725],{},"prints:",[50,122727,122728],{"className":52,"code":72644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,122729,122730],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122731,122732,122734,122736,122738,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748,122750,122752,122754,122756],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122733,3914],{"class":73},[59,122735,1725],{"class":77},[59,122737,588],{"class":81},[59,122739,1725],{"class":77},[59,122741,87],{"class":73},[59,122743,1734],{"class":77},[59,122745,597],{"class":81},[59,122747,1725],{"class":77},[59,122749,87],{"class":73},[59,122751,1734],{"class":77},[59,122753,606],{"class":81},[59,122755,1725],{"class":77},[59,122757,107],{"class":73},[20,122759,122760],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[45,122762,17419],{"id":17418},[20,122764,122765,21972,122767,358],{},[15,122766,47486],{},[549,122768,122769],{},"new string",[20,122771,11461],{},[29,122773,122774,122777,122780],{},[32,122775,122776],{},"It always returns a string",[32,122778,122779],{},"It does not modify the original object",[32,122781,7771,122782,122786],{},[354,122783,122784],{"href":2316},[15,122785,2319],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122788,239],{},[50,122790,122792],{"className":52,"code":122791,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122793,122794,122802,122817,122821,122832],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122795,122796,122798,122800],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122797,2464],{"class":65},[59,122799,70],{"class":69},[59,122801,14130],{"class":178},[59,122803,122804,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122805,122806],{"class":65},"converted ",[59,122808,70],{"class":69},[59,122810,48707],{"class":697},[59,122812,139],{"class":73},[59,122814,1217],{"class":142},[59,122816,165],{"class":73},[59,122818,122819],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122820,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122822,122823,122825,122827,122830],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122824,715],{"class":135},[59,122826,139],{"class":73},[59,122828,122829],{"class":142},"converted",[59,122831,165],{"class":73},[59,122833,122834,122836,122838,122840,122842,122844],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122835,715],{"class":135},[59,122837,139],{"class":73},[59,122839,3239],{"class":697},[59,122841,139],{"class":73},[59,122843,122829],{"class":142},[59,122845,710],{"class":73},[20,122847,122848],{},[549,122849,168],{},[50,122851,122853],{"className":52,"code":122852,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122854,122855,122860],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122856,122857],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122858,122859],{"class":178},"99\n",[59,122861,122862,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122863,1769],{"class":69},[59,122865,3310],{"class":887},[59,122867,1734],{"class":77},[59,122869,3460],{"class":81},[59,122871,1725],{"class":77},[59,122873,1788],{"class":69},[45,122875,113535],{"id":113534},[20,122877,122878,122879,74623],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122880,47486],{},[29,122882,122883,122886,122889,122894],{},[32,122884,122885],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[32,122887,122888],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[32,122890,1599,122891,122893],{},[15,122892,47486],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[32,122895,122896],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122898,122899,122900,358],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[354,122901,25669,122902],{"href":90213},[15,122903,90214],{},[45,122905,122907],{"id":122906},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122909,122910],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[50,122912,122914],{"className":52,"code":122913,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122915,122916,122924,122928,122938,122952,122956,122970,122980],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,122917,122918,122920,122922],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,122919,2464],{"class":65},[59,122921,70],{"class":69},[59,122923,45027],{"class":178},[59,122925,122926],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,122927,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122929,122930,122932,122934,122936],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,122931,715],{"class":135},[59,122933,139],{"class":73},[59,122935,1217],{"class":142},[59,122937,165],{"class":73},[59,122939,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,122941,715],{"class":135},[59,122943,139],{"class":73},[59,122945,3239],{"class":697},[59,122947,139],{"class":73},[59,122949,1217],{"class":142},[59,122951,710],{"class":73},[59,122953,122954],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,122955,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,122957,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,122959,122806],{"class":65},[59,122961,70],{"class":69},[59,122963,48707],{"class":697},[59,122965,139],{"class":73},[59,122967,1217],{"class":142},[59,122969,165],{"class":73},[59,122971,122972,122974,122976,122978],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,122973,715],{"class":135},[59,122975,139],{"class":73},[59,122977,122829],{"class":142},[59,122979,165],{"class":73},[59,122981,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,122983,715],{"class":135},[59,122985,139],{"class":73},[59,122987,3239],{"class":697},[59,122989,139],{"class":73},[59,122991,122829],{"class":142},[59,122993,710],{"class":73},[20,122995,122996,122997,1208,122999,123001,123002,358],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122998,2209],{},[15,123000,2212],{},", or another type into ",[15,123003,3460],{},[45,123005,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,123007,1872,123009,1875],{"id":123008},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123010,47486],{},[20,123012,123013],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1127,123015,1882,123017,123019],{"id":123016},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123018,47486],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123021,123022],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1127,123024,1914,123026,123028],{"id":123025},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123027,47486],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123030,123031],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1127,123033,94399,123035,123037],{"id":123034},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123036,47486],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123039,123040],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1127,123042,14903,123044,57011,123046,1905],{"id":123043},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123045,47486],{},[15,123047,46254],{},[20,123049,46167,123050,123052,123053,123055],{},[15,123051,47486],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123054,46254],{}," shows output.",[45,123057,1927],{"id":1926},[29,123059,123060,123066,123072,123078,123084,123093,123097],{},[32,123061,123062],{},[354,123063,123064,536],{"href":46251},[15,123065,46254],{},[32,123067,123068],{},[354,123069,123070,536],{"href":2316},[15,123071,2319],{},[32,123073,123074],{},[354,123075,123076,536],{"href":2892},[15,123077,2895],{},[32,123079,123080],{},[354,123081,123082,536],{"href":2899},[15,123083,2902],{},[32,123085,123086],{},[354,123087,123089,123090,123092],{"href":123088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123091,2209],{}," to string in Python",[32,123094,123095],{},[354,123096,90491],{"href":89500},[32,123098,123099],{},[354,123100,30335,123101],{"href":90213},[15,123102,90214],{},[1953,123104,123105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":123107},[123108,123109,123111,123112,123118,123120,123122,123124,123133,123134,123135,123136,123148],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":121526,"depth":110,"text":123110},"What str() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":121693,"depth":110,"text":121694,"children":123113},[123114,123115,123116,123117],{"id":121697,"depth":117,"text":121698},{"id":121783,"depth":117,"text":121784},{"id":121870,"depth":117,"text":121871},{"id":121956,"depth":117,"text":121957},{"id":122072,"depth":110,"text":123119},"When to use str()",{"id":122203,"depth":110,"text":123121},"str() vs print()",{"id":122372,"depth":110,"text":123123},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":123125},[123126,123128,123129,123131],{"id":122410,"depth":117,"text":123127},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122545,"depth":117,"text":122546},{"id":122607,"depth":117,"text":123130},"Using str() too early",{"id":122665,"depth":117,"text":123132},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":113534,"depth":110,"text":113535},{"id":122906,"depth":110,"text":122907},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":123137},[123138,123140,123142,123144,123146],{"id":123008,"depth":117,"text":123139},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123016,"depth":117,"text":123141},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123025,"depth":117,"text":123143},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123034,"depth":117,"text":123145},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123043,"depth":117,"text":123147},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41976,"description":123149},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123156,"title":123157,"body":123158,"description":124611,"extension":1988,"meta":124612,"navigation":113,"path":124613,"seo":124614,"stem":124615,"__hash__":124616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123159,"toc":124573},[123160,123166,123172,123175,123197,123199,123261,123263,123276,123282,123287,123292,123294,123307,123318,123320,123347,123349,123366,123373,123384,123386,123391,123393,123405,123413,123422,123424,123427,123480,123482,123490,123498,123502,123507,123547,123549,123557,123560,123562,123602,123604,123612,123622,123628,123631,123704,123706,123719,123723,123728,123756,123759,123794,123796,123804,123807,123811,123815,123817,123833,123835,123875,123877,123885,123894,123937,123939,123947,123949,123953,123959,123962,124002,124004,124012,124017,124020,124063,124067,124070,124105,124110,124112,124151,124161,124169,124179,124187,124191,124196,124198,124239,124241,124249,124254,124257,124260,124278,124284,124288,124293,124296,124336,124338,124343,124442,124445,124461,124463,124482,124484,124491,124494,124500,124503,124509,124513,124519,124522,124528,124531,124533,124570],[10,123161,123163,123164,11324],{"id":123162},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123165,57096],{},[20,123167,123168,123169,123171],{},"The Python string ",[15,123170,57096],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123173,123174],{},"This reference page explains:",[29,123176,123177,123181,123184,123186,123194],{},[32,123178,26009,123179,211],{},[15,123180,57096],{},[32,123182,123183],{},"its syntax",[32,123185,35383],{},[32,123187,123188,123189,4408,123191,123193],{},"how ",[15,123190,407],{},[15,123192,52465],{}," work",[32,123195,123196],{},"common beginner mistakes",[45,123198,48],{"id":47},[50,123200,123202],{"className":52,"code":123201,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123203,123204,123216,123238],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123205,123206,123208,123210,123212,123214],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123207,34675],{"class":65},[59,123209,70],{"class":69},[59,123211,90],{"class":77},[59,123213,597],{"class":81},[59,123215,3374],{"class":77},[59,123217,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232,123234,123236],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123219,715],{"class":135},[59,123221,139],{"class":73},[59,123223,34696],{"class":142},[59,123225,358],{"class":73},[59,123227,41059],{"class":142},[59,123229,139],{"class":73},[59,123231,78],{"class":77},[59,123233,354],{"class":81},[59,123235,78],{"class":77},[59,123237,710],{"class":73},[59,123239,123240,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254,123257,123259],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,123241,715],{"class":135},[59,123243,139],{"class":73},[59,123245,34696],{"class":142},[59,123247,358],{"class":73},[59,123249,41059],{"class":142},[59,123251,139],{"class":73},[59,123253,78],{"class":77},[59,123255,123256],{"class":81},"na",[59,123258,78],{"class":77},[59,123260,710],{"class":73},[20,123262,168],{},[50,123264,123266],{"className":52,"code":123265,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"3\n2\n",[15,123267,123268,123272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123269,123270],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123271,46419],{"class":178},[59,123273,123274],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123275,17056],{"class":178},[20,123277,201,123278,123281],{},[15,123279,123280],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[45,123283,12998,123285,13001],{"id":123284},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123286,57096],{},[20,123288,123289,123291],{},[15,123290,57096],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123293,13054],{},[29,123295,123296,123299,123302,123304],{},[32,123297,123298],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[32,123300,123301],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[32,123303,43459],{},[32,123305,123306],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123308,123309,123310,123312,123313,1208,123315,123317],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123311,18094],{}," characters are in ",[15,123314,65082],{},[15,123316,57096],{}," is a simple choice.",[45,123319,362],{"id":361},[50,123321,123323],{"className":52,"code":123322,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123324,123325],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123326,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123328,60981],{"class":65},[59,123330,358],{"class":73},[59,123332,41059],{"class":142},[59,123334,139],{"class":73},[59,123336,1217],{"class":142},[59,123338,87],{"class":73},[59,123340,386],{"class":142},[59,123342,87],{"class":73},[59,123344,64848],{"class":142},[59,123346,165],{"class":73},[1127,123348,17395],{"id":17394},[29,123350,123351,123356,123361],{},[32,123352,123353,123355],{},[15,123354,1217],{},": the text to search for",[32,123357,123358,123360],{},[15,123359,407],{},": optional; where counting begins",[32,123362,123363,123365],{},[15,123364,52465],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123367,123368,4408,123370,123372],{},[15,123369,407],{},[15,123371,52465],{}," work like slice positions:",[29,123374,123375,123380],{},[32,123376,123377,123379],{},[15,123378,407],{}," is included",[32,123381,123382,75549],{},[15,123383,52465],{},[45,123385,17419],{"id":17418},[20,123387,123388,123390],{},[15,123389,57096],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123392,2148],{},[29,123394,123395,123400],{},[32,123396,123397,123398],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123399,950],{},[32,123401,123402,123403],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123404,179],{},[20,123406,40705,123407,5172,123409,2896,123411,358],{},[549,123408,4647],{},[15,123410,3619],{},[15,123412,3689],{},[20,123414,123415,123416,123421],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[354,123417,123419,101409],{"href":123418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123420,132],{}," is often a better fit.",[45,123423,11478],{"id":11477},[20,123425,123426],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[50,123428,123430],{"className":52,"code":123429,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123431,123432,123444,123466,123470],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123433,123434,123436,123438,123440,123442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123435,34675],{"class":65},[59,123437,70],{"class":69},[59,123439,90],{"class":77},[59,123441,588],{"class":81},[59,123443,3374],{"class":77},[59,123445,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123447,692],{"class":65},[59,123449,70],{"class":69},[59,123451,42642],{"class":65},[59,123453,358],{"class":73},[59,123455,41059],{"class":142},[59,123457,139],{"class":73},[59,123459,78],{"class":77},[59,123461,20],{"class":81},[59,123463,78],{"class":77},[59,123465,165],{"class":73},[59,123467,123468],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,123469,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,123471,123472,123474,123476,123478],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,123473,715],{"class":135},[59,123475,139],{"class":73},[59,123477,720],{"class":142},[59,123479,165],{"class":73},[20,123481,168],{},[50,123483,123484],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123485,123486],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123487,123488],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123489,17056],{"class":178},[20,123491,63627,123492,123495,123496,358],{},[15,123493,123494],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123497,57639],{},[45,123499,123501],{"id":123500},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123503,123504,123506],{},[15,123505,57096],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[50,123508,123510],{"className":52,"code":123509,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123511,123512,123525],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123513,123514,123516,123518,123520,123523],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123515,34675],{"class":65},[59,123517,70],{"class":69},[59,123519,90],{"class":77},[59,123521,123522],{"class":81},"cat dog cat bird cat",[59,123524,3374],{"class":77},[59,123526,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123528,715],{"class":135},[59,123530,139],{"class":73},[59,123532,34696],{"class":142},[59,123534,358],{"class":73},[59,123536,41059],{"class":142},[59,123538,139],{"class":73},[59,123540,78],{"class":77},[59,123542,1439],{"class":81},[59,123544,78],{"class":77},[59,123546,710],{"class":73},[20,123548,168],{},[50,123550,123551],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123552,123553],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123554,123555],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123556,46419],{"class":178},[20,123558,123559],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123561,239],{},[50,123563,123565],{"className":52,"code":123564,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123566,123567,123580],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123568,123569,123571,123573,123575,123578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123570,34675],{"class":65},[59,123572,70],{"class":69},[59,123574,90],{"class":77},[59,123576,123577],{"class":81},"one One one",[59,123579,3374],{"class":77},[59,123581,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123583,715],{"class":135},[59,123585,139],{"class":73},[59,123587,34696],{"class":142},[59,123589,358],{"class":73},[59,123591,41059],{"class":142},[59,123593,139],{"class":73},[59,123595,78],{"class":77},[59,123597,6592],{"class":81},[59,123599,78],{"class":77},[59,123601,710],{"class":73},[20,123603,168],{},[50,123605,123606],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123607,123608],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123609,123610],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123611,17056],{"class":178},[20,123613,123614,123615,123618,123619,123621],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123616,123617],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123620,57096],{}," is case-sensitive.",[45,123623,1599,123624,4408,123626],{"id":65214},[15,123625,407],{},[15,123627,52465],{},[20,123629,123630],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[50,123632,123634],{"className":52,"code":123633,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123635,123636,123648,123674],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123637,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123639,34675],{"class":65},[59,123641,70],{"class":69},[59,123643,90],{"class":77},[59,123645,597],{"class":81},[59,123647,3374],{"class":77},[59,123649,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666,123668,123670,123672],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123651,715],{"class":135},[59,123653,139],{"class":73},[59,123655,34696],{"class":142},[59,123657,358],{"class":73},[59,123659,41059],{"class":142},[59,123661,139],{"class":73},[59,123663,78],{"class":77},[59,123665,354],{"class":81},[59,123667,78],{"class":77},[59,123669,87],{"class":73},[59,123671,3009],{"class":178},[59,123673,710],{"class":73},[59,123675,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,123677,715],{"class":135},[59,123679,139],{"class":73},[59,123681,34696],{"class":142},[59,123683,358],{"class":73},[59,123685,41059],{"class":142},[59,123687,139],{"class":73},[59,123689,78],{"class":77},[59,123691,354],{"class":81},[59,123693,78],{"class":77},[59,123695,87],{"class":73},[59,123697,3009],{"class":178},[59,123699,87],{"class":73},[59,123701,4621],{"class":178},[59,123703,710],{"class":73},[20,123705,168],{},[50,123707,123709],{"className":52,"code":123708,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"2\n1\n",[15,123710,123711,123715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123712,123713],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123714,17056],{"class":178},[59,123716,123717],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123718,46719],{"class":178},[1127,123720,123722],{"id":123721},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123724,123725,123726,1002],{},"In ",[15,123727,65082],{},[29,123729,123730,123738,123746],{},[32,123731,70773,123732,123734,123735],{},[15,123733,195],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123736,123737],{},"\"n\"",[32,123739,123740,123743,123744,75847],{},[15,123741,123742],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123745,195],{},[32,123747,123748,123743,123751,123753,123754],{},[15,123749,123750],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123752,195],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123755,2159],{},[20,123757,123758],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[50,123760,123762],{"className":52,"code":123761,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123763,123764,123776],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123765,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123767,34675],{"class":65},[59,123769,70],{"class":69},[59,123771,90],{"class":77},[59,123773,597],{"class":81},[59,123775,3374],{"class":77},[59,123777,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123779,715],{"class":135},[59,123781,139],{"class":73},[59,123783,34696],{"class":142},[59,123785,3914],{"class":73},[59,123787,195],{"class":178},[59,123789,1002],{"class":73},[59,123791,2159],{"class":178},[59,123793,3902],{"class":73},[20,123795,168],{},[50,123797,123798],{"className":52,"code":41268,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123799,123800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123801,123802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123803,41268],{"class":65},[20,123805,123806],{},"Only that section is searched.",[45,123808,123810],{"id":123809},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123812,123813,123621],{},[15,123814,57096],{},[20,123816,2130],{},[29,123818,123819,123827],{},[32,123820,123821,4408,123823,123826],{},[15,123822,18094],{},[15,123824,123825],{},"\"A\""," are different",[32,123828,123829,4408,123831,123826],{},[15,123830,64342],{},[15,123832,90226],{},[20,123834,239],{},[50,123836,123838],{"className":52,"code":123837,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123839,123840,123853],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123841,123842,123844,123846,123848,123851],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123843,34675],{"class":65},[59,123845,70],{"class":69},[59,123847,90],{"class":77},[59,123849,123850],{"class":81},"Apple apple APPLE",[59,123852,3374],{"class":77},[59,123854,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123856,715],{"class":135},[59,123858,139],{"class":73},[59,123860,34696],{"class":142},[59,123862,358],{"class":73},[59,123864,41059],{"class":142},[59,123866,139],{"class":73},[59,123868,78],{"class":77},[59,123870,588],{"class":81},[59,123872,78],{"class":77},[59,123874,710],{"class":73},[20,123876,168],{},[50,123878,123879],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123880,123881],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123882,123883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123884,46719],{"class":178},[20,123886,123887,123888,1002],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[354,123889,123891],{"href":123890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123892,123893],{},"lower()",[50,123895,123897],{"className":52,"code":123896,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123898,123899,123911],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123900,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123902,34675],{"class":65},[59,123904,70],{"class":69},[59,123906,90],{"class":77},[59,123908,123850],{"class":81},[59,123910,3374],{"class":77},[59,123912,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123914,715],{"class":135},[59,123916,139],{"class":73},[59,123918,34696],{"class":142},[59,123920,358],{"class":73},[59,123922,8644],{"class":142},[59,123924,8641],{"class":73},[59,123926,41059],{"class":142},[59,123928,139],{"class":73},[59,123930,78],{"class":77},[59,123932,588],{"class":81},[59,123934,78],{"class":77},[59,123936,710],{"class":73},[20,123938,168],{},[50,123940,123941],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,123942,123943],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123944,123945],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123946,46419],{"class":178},[45,123948,1579],{"id":1578},[20,123950,23089,123951,358],{},[15,123952,57096],{},[1127,123954,8456,123956,123958],{"id":123955},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123957,57096],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123960,123961],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[50,123963,123965],{"className":52,"code":123964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123966,123967,123980],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,123968,123969,123971,123973,123975,123978],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,123970,34675],{"class":65},[59,123972,70],{"class":69},[59,123974,90],{"class":77},[59,123976,123977],{"class":81},"Aardvark",[59,123979,3374],{"class":77},[59,123981,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,123983,715],{"class":135},[59,123985,139],{"class":73},[59,123987,34696],{"class":142},[59,123989,358],{"class":73},[59,123991,41059],{"class":142},[59,123993,139],{"class":73},[59,123995,78],{"class":77},[59,123997,354],{"class":81},[59,123999,78],{"class":77},[59,124001,710],{"class":73},[20,124003,168],{},[50,124005,124006],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,124007,124008],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124009,124010],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124011,17056],{"class":178},[20,124013,123614,124014,124016],{},[15,124015,123825],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124018,124019],{},"If needed, convert first:",[50,124021,124023],{"className":52,"code":124022,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124024,124025,124037],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124026,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124028,34675],{"class":65},[59,124030,70],{"class":69},[59,124032,90],{"class":77},[59,124034,123977],{"class":81},[59,124036,3374],{"class":77},[59,124038,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057,124059,124061],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124040,715],{"class":135},[59,124042,139],{"class":73},[59,124044,34696],{"class":142},[59,124046,358],{"class":73},[59,124048,8644],{"class":142},[59,124050,8641],{"class":73},[59,124052,41059],{"class":142},[59,124054,139],{"class":73},[59,124056,78],{"class":77},[59,124058,354],{"class":81},[59,124060,78],{"class":77},[59,124062,710],{"class":73},[1127,124064,124066],{"id":124065},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124068,124069],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[50,124071,124073],{"className":52,"code":124072,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124074,124075,124087],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124076,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124078,34675],{"class":65},[59,124080,70],{"class":69},[59,124082,90],{"class":77},[59,124084,597],{"class":81},[59,124086,3374],{"class":77},[59,124088,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124090,715],{"class":135},[59,124092,139],{"class":73},[59,124094,34696],{"class":142},[59,124096,358],{"class":73},[59,124098,41059],{"class":142},[59,124100,139],{"class":73},[59,124102,354],{"class":142},[59,124104,710],{"class":73},[20,124106,124107,124108,358],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124109,354],{},[20,124111,10809],{},[50,124113,124115],{"className":52,"code":124114,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124116,124117,124129],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124118,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124120,34675],{"class":65},[59,124122,70],{"class":69},[59,124124,90],{"class":77},[59,124126,597],{"class":81},[59,124128,3374],{"class":77},[59,124130,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124132,715],{"class":135},[59,124134,139],{"class":73},[59,124136,34696],{"class":142},[59,124138,358],{"class":73},[59,124140,41059],{"class":142},[59,124142,139],{"class":73},[59,124144,78],{"class":77},[59,124146,354],{"class":81},[59,124148,78],{"class":77},[59,124150,710],{"class":73},[1127,124152,1605,124154,1608,124156,2896,124159],{"id":124153},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124155,57096],{},[15,124157,124158],{},"find()",[15,124160,58774],{},[20,124162,201,124163,124165,124166,358],{},[15,124164,57096],{}," when you need the ",[549,124167,124168],{},"number of matches",[20,124170,201,124171,124165,124176,124178],{},[354,124172,124174],{"href":124173},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124175,124158],{},[549,124177,64754],{}," of the first match.",[20,124180,201,124181,124186],{},[354,124182,124184],{"href":124183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124185,58774],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1127,124188,124190],{"id":124189},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124192,124193,124195],{},[15,124194,57096],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124197,239],{},[50,124199,124201],{"className":52,"code":124200,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124202,124203,124216],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124204,124205,124207,124209,124211,124214],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124206,34675],{"class":65},[59,124208,70],{"class":69},[59,124210,90],{"class":77},[59,124212,124213],{"class":81},"aaaa",[59,124215,3374],{"class":77},[59,124217,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124235,124237],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124219,715],{"class":135},[59,124221,139],{"class":73},[59,124223,34696],{"class":142},[59,124225,358],{"class":73},[59,124227,41059],{"class":142},[59,124229,139],{"class":73},[59,124231,78],{"class":77},[59,124233,124234],{"class":81},"aa",[59,124236,78],{"class":77},[59,124238,710],{"class":73},[20,124240,168],{},[50,124242,124243],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,124244,124245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124246,124247],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124248,17056],{"class":178},[20,124250,124251,124252,358],{},"It does not return ",[15,124253,950],{},[20,124255,124256],{},"Why not?",[20,124258,124259],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[29,124261,124262,124271],{},[32,124263,124264,124267,124268],{},[15,124265,124266],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124269,124270],{},"0-1",[32,124272,124273,124267,124275],{},[15,124274,124266],{},[15,124276,124277],{},"2-3",[20,124279,124280,124281,358],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124282,124283],{},"1-2",[45,124285,776,124286],{"id":58179},[15,124287,57096],{},[20,124289,201,124290,124292],{},[15,124291,57096],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124294,124295],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[29,124297,124298,124307,124317,124327],{},[32,124299,201,124300,124302,124303,124306],{},[15,124301,57096],{}," when you need ",[549,124304,124305],{},"how many times"," something appears",[32,124308,201,124309,124302,124313,124316],{},[354,124310,124311],{"href":124173},[15,124312,124158],{},[549,124314,124315],{},"where"," it appears",[32,124318,47613,124319,124323,124324],{},[354,124320,124321,101409],{"href":123418},[15,124322,132],{}," when you only need to know ",[549,124325,124326],{},"if it exists",[32,124328,201,124329,124335],{},[354,124330,124332],{"href":124331},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124333,124334],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[45,124337,25932],{"id":25931},[20,124339,8879,124340,124342],{},[15,124341,57096],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[50,124344,124346],{"className":52,"code":124345,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124347,124348,124358,124372,124394,124420],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124349,124350,124352,124354,124356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124351,715],{"class":135},[59,124353,139],{"class":73},[59,124355,34696],{"class":142},[59,124357,165],{"class":73},[59,124359,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124361,715],{"class":135},[59,124363,139],{"class":73},[59,124365,3239],{"class":697},[59,124367,139],{"class":73},[59,124369,34696],{"class":142},[59,124371,710],{"class":73},[59,124373,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,124375,715],{"class":135},[59,124377,139],{"class":73},[59,124379,34696],{"class":142},[59,124381,358],{"class":73},[59,124383,41059],{"class":142},[59,124385,139],{"class":73},[59,124387,78],{"class":77},[59,124389,354],{"class":81},[59,124391,78],{"class":77},[59,124393,710],{"class":73},[59,124395,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416,124418],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,124397,715],{"class":135},[59,124399,139],{"class":73},[59,124401,34696],{"class":142},[59,124403,358],{"class":73},[59,124405,8644],{"class":142},[59,124407,8641],{"class":73},[59,124409,41059],{"class":142},[59,124411,139],{"class":73},[59,124413,78],{"class":77},[59,124415,354],{"class":81},[59,124417,78],{"class":77},[59,124419,710],{"class":73},[59,124421,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,124423,715],{"class":135},[59,124425,139],{"class":73},[59,124427,34696],{"class":142},[59,124429,358],{"class":73},[59,124431,41059],{"class":142},[59,124433,139],{"class":73},[59,124435,78],{"class":77},[59,124437,123256],{"class":81},[59,124439,78],{"class":77},[59,124441,710],{"class":73},[20,124443,124444],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[29,124446,124447,124450,124455,124458],{},[32,124448,124449],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,124451,124452,124454],{},[15,124453,34696],{}," not being a string",[32,124456,124457],{},"counting the wrong substring",[32,124459,124460],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124462,58668],{},[29,124464,124465,124468,124471,124474],{},[32,124466,124467],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[32,124469,124470],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[32,124472,124473],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[32,124475,50295,124476,44431,124478,2896,124480,73119],{},[15,124477,57096],{},[15,124479,124158],{},[15,124481,132],{},[45,124483,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,124485,124487,124488,124490],{"id":124486},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124489,57096],{}," change the original string?",[20,124492,124493],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1127,124495,14903,124497,124499],{"id":124496},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124498,57096],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124501,124502],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1127,124504,1872,124506,124508],{"id":124505},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124507,57096],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124510,5159,124511,358],{},[15,124512,179],{},[1127,124514,1914,124516,124518],{"id":124515},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124517,57096],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124520,124521],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1127,124523,1882,124525,124527],{"id":124524},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124526,57096],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124529,124530],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[45,124532,1927],{"id":1926},[29,124534,124535,124542,124549,124556,124563],{},[32,124536,124537],{},[354,124538,124539],{"href":124173},[15,124540,124541],{},"Python string find() method",[32,124543,124544],{},[354,124545,124546],{"href":124183},[15,124547,124548],{},"Python string index() method",[32,124550,124551],{},[354,124552,124553],{"href":123890},[15,124554,124555],{},"Python string lower() method",[32,124557,124558],{},[354,124559,124560],{"href":123418},[15,124561,124562],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,124564,124565],{},[354,124566,124567],{"href":124331},[15,124568,124569],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1953,124571,124572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":124574},[124575,124576,124578,124581,124582,124583,124584,124587,124588,124596,124597,124598,124610],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":123284,"depth":110,"text":124577},"What the count() method does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":124579},[124580],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":123500,"depth":110,"text":123501},{"id":65214,"depth":110,"text":65997,"children":124585},[124586],{"id":123721,"depth":117,"text":123722},{"id":123809,"depth":110,"text":123810},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":124589},[124590,124592,124593,124595],{"id":123955,"depth":117,"text":124591},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124065,"depth":117,"text":124066},{"id":124153,"depth":117,"text":124594},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124189,"depth":117,"text":124190},{"id":58179,"depth":110,"text":58810},{"id":25931,"depth":110,"text":25932},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":124599},[124600,124602,124604,124606,124608],{"id":124486,"depth":117,"text":124601},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124496,"depth":117,"text":124603},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124505,"depth":117,"text":124605},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124515,"depth":117,"text":124607},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124524,"depth":117,"text":124609},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123157,"description":124611},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124618,"title":124619,"body":124620,"description":126205,"extension":1988,"meta":126206,"navigation":113,"path":126207,"seo":126208,"stem":126209,"__hash__":126210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124621,"toc":126178},[124622,124625,124628,124725,124734,124736,124755,124759,124762,124765,124778,124781,124810,124815,124820,124878,124880,124913,124919,124923,124926,124929,124958,124961,124988,124991,124994,124998,125001,125008,125071,125073,125091,125094,125098,125101,125104,125146,125149,125193,125196,125199,125203,125208,125211,125254,125256,125279,125282,125315,125318,125367,125377,125381,125384,125387,125416,125419,125430,125432,125491,125494,125498,125501,125504,125519,125528,125531,125565,125568,125595,125598,125605,125607,125610,125612,125615,125629,125638,125640,125667,125671,125674,125688,125691,125750,125754,125757,125784,125787,125814,125822,125825,125885,125887,125920,125924,125927,125946,125951,126000,126005,126007,126010,126069,126087,126089,126093,126101,126105,126108,126112,126118,126122,126132,126136,126139,126141,126175],[10,124623,124619],{"id":124624},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124626,124627],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[50,124629,124631],{"className":52,"code":124630,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124632,124633,124645,124657,124666,124680,124684,124694,124704,124715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124634,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124636,7882],{"class":65},[59,124638,70],{"class":69},[59,124640,90],{"class":77},[59,124642,5018],{"class":81},[59,124644,3374],{"class":77},[59,124646,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124648,89815],{"class":65},[59,124650,70],{"class":69},[59,124652,1734],{"class":77},[59,124654,34855],{"class":81},[59,124656,29688],{"class":77},[59,124658,124659,124662,124664],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,124660,124661],{"class":65},"empty ",[59,124663,70],{"class":69},[59,124665,7887],{"class":77},[59,124667,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,124669,34675],{"class":65},[59,124671,70],{"class":69},[59,124673,48707],{"class":697},[59,124675,139],{"class":73},[59,124677,50049],{"class":178},[59,124679,165],{"class":73},[59,124681,124682],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,124683,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,124685,124686,124688,124690,124692],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,124687,715],{"class":135},[59,124689,139],{"class":73},[59,124691,7676],{"class":142},[59,124693,165],{"class":73},[59,124695,124696,124698,124700,124702],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,124697,715],{"class":135},[59,124699,139],{"class":73},[59,124701,89832],{"class":142},[59,124703,165],{"class":73},[59,124705,124706,124708,124710,124713],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,124707,715],{"class":135},[59,124709,139],{"class":73},[59,124711,124712],{"class":142},"empty",[59,124714,165],{"class":73},[59,124716,124717,124719,124721,124723],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,124718,715],{"class":135},[59,124720,139],{"class":73},[59,124722,34696],{"class":142},[59,124724,165],{"class":73},[20,124726,124727,124730,124731,124733],{},[549,124728,124729],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124732,47486],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[45,124735,15163],{"id":15162},[29,124737,124738,124741,124744,124747,124752],{},[32,124739,124740],{},"What a string is in Python",[32,124742,124743],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[32,124745,124746],{},"How to create an empty string",[32,124748,124749,124750],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124751,47486],{},[32,124753,124754],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[45,124756,124758],{"id":124757},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124760,124761],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124763,124764],{},"Strings can contain:",[29,124766,124767,124770,124772,124775],{},[32,124768,124769],{},"Letters",[32,124771,56267],{},[32,124773,124774],{},"Spaces",[32,124776,124777],{},"Symbols",[20,124779,124780],{},"Examples of strings:",[50,124782,124784],{"className":52,"code":124783,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124785,124786,124794,124802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124787,124788,124790,124792],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124789,78],{"class":43129},[59,124791,3860],{"class":43133},[59,124793,3374],{"class":43129},[59,124795,124796,124798,124800],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124797,78],{"class":43129},[59,124799,50049],{"class":43133},[59,124801,3374],{"class":43129},[59,124803,124804,124806,124808],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,124805,78],{"class":43129},[59,124807,88957],{"class":43133},[59,124809,3374],{"class":43129},[20,124811,20977,124812,124814],{},[15,124813,50099],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124816,124817,124818,1002],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124819,2319],{},[50,124821,124823],{"className":52,"code":124822,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124824,124825,124837,124846,124850,124864],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124826,124827,124829,124831,124833,124835],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124828,34675],{"class":65},[59,124830,70],{"class":69},[59,124832,90],{"class":77},[59,124834,50049],{"class":81},[59,124836,3374],{"class":77},[59,124838,124839,124841,124843],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124840,2236],{"class":65},[59,124842,70],{"class":69},[59,124844,124845],{"class":178}," 123\n",[59,124847,124848],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,124849,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,124851,124852,124854,124856,124858,124860,124862],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,124853,715],{"class":135},[59,124855,139],{"class":73},[59,124857,3239],{"class":697},[59,124859,139],{"class":73},[59,124861,34696],{"class":142},[59,124863,710],{"class":73},[59,124865,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874,124876],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,124867,715],{"class":135},[59,124869,139],{"class":73},[59,124871,3239],{"class":697},[59,124873,139],{"class":73},[59,124875,896],{"class":142},[59,124877,710],{"class":73},[20,124879,168],{},[50,124881,124883],{"className":52,"code":124882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124884,124885,124899],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124886,124887,124889,124891,124893,124895,124897],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124888,1769],{"class":69},[59,124890,3310],{"class":887},[59,124892,1734],{"class":77},[59,124894,3460],{"class":81},[59,124896,1725],{"class":77},[59,124898,1788],{"class":69},[59,124900,124901,124903,124905,124907,124909,124911],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124902,1769],{"class":69},[59,124904,3310],{"class":887},[59,124906,1734],{"class":77},[59,124908,2209],{"class":81},[59,124910,1725],{"class":77},[59,124912,1788],{"class":69},[20,124914,124915,124916,358],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[354,124917,124918],{"href":50779},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[45,124920,124922],{"id":124921},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124924,124925],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124927,124928],{},"You can use single quotes:",[50,124930,124932],{"className":52,"code":124931,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124933,124934,124947],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124935,124936,124939,124941,124943,124945],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124937,124938],{"class":65},"greeting ",[59,124940,70],{"class":69},[59,124942,1734],{"class":77},[59,124944,3860],{"class":81},[59,124946,29688],{"class":77},[59,124948,124949,124951,124953,124956],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124950,715],{"class":135},[59,124952,139],{"class":73},[59,124954,124955],{"class":142},"greeting",[59,124957,165],{"class":73},[20,124959,124960],{},"Or double quotes:",[50,124962,124964],{"className":52,"code":124963,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124965,124966,124978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,124967,124968,124970,124972,124974,124976],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,124969,124938],{"class":65},[59,124971,70],{"class":69},[59,124973,90],{"class":77},[59,124975,3860],{"class":81},[59,124977,3374],{"class":77},[59,124979,124980,124982,124984,124986],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,124981,715],{"class":135},[59,124983,139],{"class":73},[59,124985,124955],{"class":142},[59,124987,165],{"class":73},[20,124989,124990],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124992,124993],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[45,124995,124997],{"id":124996},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124999,125000],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125002,125003,125004,2896,125006,1002],{},"Use either ",[15,125005,6278],{},[15,125007,3787],{},[50,125009,125011],{"className":52,"code":125010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125012,125013,125022,125031,125035,125046,125057],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125014,125015,125018,125020],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125016,125017],{"class":65},"empty1 ",[59,125019,70],{"class":69},[59,125021,7887],{"class":77},[59,125023,125024,125027,125029],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125025,125026],{"class":65},"empty2 ",[59,125028,70],{"class":69},[59,125030,47298],{"class":77},[59,125032,125033],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125034,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125036,125037,125039,125041,125044],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125038,715],{"class":135},[59,125040,139],{"class":73},[59,125042,125043],{"class":142},"empty1",[59,125045,165],{"class":73},[59,125047,125048,125050,125052,125055],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125049,715],{"class":135},[59,125051,139],{"class":73},[59,125053,125054],{"class":142},"empty2",[59,125056,165],{"class":73},[59,125058,125059,125061,125063,125065,125067,125069],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,125060,715],{"class":135},[59,125062,139],{"class":73},[59,125064,3239],{"class":697},[59,125066,139],{"class":73},[59,125068,125043],{"class":142},[59,125070,710],{"class":73},[20,125072,168],{},[50,125074,125075],{"className":52,"code":45572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,125076,125077],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125078,125079,125081,125083,125085,125087,125089],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125080,1769],{"class":69},[59,125082,3310],{"class":887},[59,125084,1734],{"class":77},[59,125086,3460],{"class":81},[59,125088,1725],{"class":77},[59,125090,1788],{"class":69},[20,125092,125093],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[45,125095,125097],{"id":125096},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125099,125100],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125102,125103],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[50,125105,125107],{"className":52,"code":125106,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125108,125109,125120,125125,125132,125136],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125110,125111,125113,125115,125118],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125112,89815],{"class":65},[59,125114,70],{"class":69},[59,125116,125117],{"class":77}," \"\"\"",[59,125119,88757],{"class":81},[59,125121,125122],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125123,125124],{"class":81},"Welcome to Python\n",[59,125126,125127,125130],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125128,125129],{"class":81},"Have a nice day",[59,125131,43137],{"class":77},[59,125133,125134],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125135,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125137,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125139,715],{"class":135},[59,125141,139],{"class":73},[59,125143,89832],{"class":142},[59,125145,165],{"class":73},[20,125147,125148],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[50,125150,125152],{"className":52,"code":125151,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125153,125154,125166,125171,125179,125183],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125155,125156,125158,125160,125163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125157,89815],{"class":65},[59,125159,70],{"class":69},[59,125161,125162],{"class":77}," '''",[59,125164,125165],{"class":81},"Line 1\n",[59,125167,125168],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125169,125170],{"class":81},"Line 2\n",[59,125172,125173,125176],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125174,125175],{"class":81},"Line 3",[59,125177,125178],{"class":77},"'''\n",[59,125180,125181],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125182,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125184,125185,125187,125189,125191],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125186,715],{"class":135},[59,125188,139],{"class":73},[59,125190,89832],{"class":142},[59,125192,165],{"class":73},[20,125194,125195],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125197,125198],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[45,125200,125202],{"id":125201},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125204,2005,125205,125207],{},[15,125206,47486],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125209,125210],{},"Example with a number:",[50,125212,125214],{"className":52,"code":125213,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125215,125216,125230,125240],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125217,125218,125220,125222,125224,125226,125228],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125219,34675],{"class":65},[59,125221,70],{"class":69},[59,125223,48707],{"class":697},[59,125225,139],{"class":73},[59,125227,46328],{"class":178},[59,125229,165],{"class":73},[59,125231,125232,125234,125236,125238],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125233,715],{"class":135},[59,125235,139],{"class":73},[59,125237,34696],{"class":142},[59,125239,165],{"class":73},[59,125241,125242,125244,125246,125248,125250,125252],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125243,715],{"class":135},[59,125245,139],{"class":73},[59,125247,3239],{"class":697},[59,125249,139],{"class":73},[59,125251,34696],{"class":142},[59,125253,710],{"class":73},[20,125255,168],{},[50,125257,125259],{"className":52,"code":125258,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125260,125261,125265],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125262,125263],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125264,46414],{"class":178},[59,125266,125267,125269,125271,125273,125275,125277],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125268,1769],{"class":69},[59,125270,3310],{"class":887},[59,125272,1734],{"class":77},[59,125274,3460],{"class":81},[59,125276,1725],{"class":77},[59,125278,1788],{"class":69},[20,125280,125281],{},"You can also convert other values:",[50,125283,125285],{"className":52,"code":125284,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125286,125287,125301],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125288,125289,125291,125293,125295,125297,125299],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125290,715],{"class":135},[59,125292,139],{"class":73},[59,125294,3460],{"class":697},[59,125296,139],{"class":73},[59,125298,3619],{"class":3867},[59,125300,710],{"class":73},[59,125302,125303,125305,125307,125309,125311,125313],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125304,715],{"class":135},[59,125306,139],{"class":73},[59,125308,3460],{"class":697},[59,125310,139],{"class":73},[59,125312,39942],{"class":178},[59,125314,710],{"class":73},[20,125316,125317],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[50,125319,125321],{"className":52,"code":125320,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125322,125323,125331,125353,125357],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125324,125325,125327,125329],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125326,21626],{"class":65},[59,125328,70],{"class":69},[59,125330,45027],{"class":178},[59,125332,125333,125335,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347,125349,125351],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125334,89815],{"class":65},[59,125336,70],{"class":69},[59,125338,90],{"class":77},[59,125340,89233],{"class":81},[59,125342,78],{"class":77},[59,125344,2472],{"class":69},[59,125346,48707],{"class":697},[59,125348,139],{"class":73},[59,125350,9299],{"class":142},[59,125352,165],{"class":73},[59,125354,125355],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125356,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125358,125359,125361,125363,125365],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125360,715],{"class":135},[59,125362,139],{"class":73},[59,125364,89832],{"class":142},[59,125366,165],{"class":73},[20,125368,125369,125370,2896,125374,358],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[354,125371,13,125372,536],{"href":41975},[15,125373,47486],{},[354,125375,125376],{"href":123088},"how to convert int to string in Python",[45,125378,125380],{"id":125379},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125382,125383],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125385,125386],{},"Both of these are valid:",[50,125388,125390],{"className":52,"code":125389,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125391,125392,125404],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125393,125394,125396,125398,125400,125402],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125395,2572],{"class":65},[59,125397,70],{"class":69},[59,125399,1734],{"class":77},[59,125401,7304],{"class":81},[59,125403,29688],{"class":77},[59,125405,125406,125408,125410,125412,125414],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125407,2600],{"class":65},[59,125409,70],{"class":69},[59,125411,90],{"class":77},[59,125413,7304],{"class":81},[59,125415,3374],{"class":77},[20,125417,125418],{},"A common rule is:",[29,125420,125421,125424,125427],{},[32,125422,125423],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[32,125425,125426],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[32,125428,125429],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125431,239],{},[50,125433,125435],{"className":52,"code":125434,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125436,125437,125451,125465,125469,125480],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125438,125439,125442,125444,125446,125449],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125440,125441],{"class":65},"text1 ",[59,125443,70],{"class":69},[59,125445,90],{"class":77},[59,125447,125448],{"class":81},"It's working",[59,125450,3374],{"class":77},[59,125452,125453,125456,125458,125460,125463],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125454,125455],{"class":65},"text2 ",[59,125457,70],{"class":69},[59,125459,1734],{"class":77},[59,125461,125462],{"class":81},"She said \"hello\"",[59,125464,29688],{"class":77},[59,125466,125467],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125468,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125470,125471,125473,125475,125478],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125472,715],{"class":135},[59,125474,139],{"class":73},[59,125476,125477],{"class":142},"text1",[59,125479,165],{"class":73},[59,125481,125482,125484,125486,125489],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125483,715],{"class":135},[59,125485,139],{"class":73},[59,125487,125488],{"class":142},"text2",[59,125490,165],{"class":73},[20,125492,125493],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[45,125495,125497],{"id":125496},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125499,125500],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125502,125503],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[50,125505,125507],{"className":52,"code":125506,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125508,125509,125514],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125510,125511],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125512,125513],{"class":3678},"# This will cause an error\n",[59,125515,125516],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125517,125518],{"class":3678},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125520,125521,125522,35318,125524,125527],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125523,1725],{},[15,125525,125526],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125529,125530],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[50,125532,125534],{"className":52,"code":125533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125535,125536,125555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125537,125538,125540,125542,125544,125547,125550,125553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125539,34675],{"class":65},[59,125541,70],{"class":69},[59,125543,1734],{"class":77},[59,125545,125546],{"class":81},"It",[59,125548,125549],{"class":1784},"\\'",[59,125551,125552],{"class":81},"s working",[59,125554,29688],{"class":77},[59,125556,125557,125559,125561,125563],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125558,715],{"class":135},[59,125560,139],{"class":73},[59,125562,34696],{"class":142},[59,125564,165],{"class":73},[20,125566,125567],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[50,125569,125571],{"className":52,"code":125570,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125572,125573,125585],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125574,125575,125577,125579,125581,125583],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125576,34675],{"class":65},[59,125578,70],{"class":69},[59,125580,90],{"class":77},[59,125582,125448],{"class":81},[59,125584,3374],{"class":77},[59,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125588,715],{"class":135},[59,125590,139],{"class":73},[59,125592,34696],{"class":142},[59,125594,165],{"class":73},[20,125596,125597],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125599,125600,125601,358],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[354,125602,125604],{"href":125603},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[45,125606,1579],{"id":1578},[20,125608,125609],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1127,125611,90022],{"id":90021},[20,125613,125614],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[50,125616,125618],{"className":52,"code":125617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125619,125620,125624],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125621,125622],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125623,125513],{"class":3678},[59,125625,125626],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125627,125628],{"class":3678},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125630,125631,125632,8605,125635,125637],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125633,125634],{},"NameError",[15,125636,5018],{}," is not defined.",[20,125639,10809],{},[50,125641,125643],{"className":52,"code":125642,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125644,125645,125657],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125646,125647,125649,125651,125653,125655],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125648,7882],{"class":65},[59,125650,70],{"class":69},[59,125652,90],{"class":77},[59,125654,5018],{"class":81},[59,125656,3374],{"class":77},[59,125658,125659,125661,125663,125665],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125660,715],{"class":135},[59,125662,139],{"class":73},[59,125664,7676],{"class":142},[59,125666,165],{"class":73},[1127,125668,125670],{"id":125669},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125672,125673],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[50,125675,125677],{"className":52,"code":125676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125678,125679,125683],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125680,125681],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125682,125513],{"class":3678},[59,125684,125685],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125686,125687],{"class":3678},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125689,125690],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[50,125692,125694],{"className":52,"code":125693,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125695,125696,125713,125726,125730,125740],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125697,125698,125700,125702,125704,125706,125708,125711],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125699,125441],{"class":65},[59,125701,70],{"class":69},[59,125703,1734],{"class":77},[59,125705,125546],{"class":81},[59,125707,125549],{"class":1784},[59,125709,125710],{"class":81},"s good",[59,125712,29688],{"class":77},[59,125714,125715,125717,125719,125721,125724],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125716,125455],{"class":65},[59,125718,70],{"class":69},[59,125720,90],{"class":77},[59,125722,125723],{"class":81},"It's good",[59,125725,3374],{"class":77},[59,125727,125728],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125729,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125731,125732,125734,125736,125738],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125733,715],{"class":135},[59,125735,139],{"class":73},[59,125737,125477],{"class":142},[59,125739,165],{"class":73},[59,125741,125742,125744,125746,125748],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125743,715],{"class":135},[59,125745,139],{"class":73},[59,125747,125488],{"class":142},[59,125749,165],{"class":73},[1127,125751,125753],{"id":125752},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125755,125756],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[50,125758,125760],{"className":52,"code":125759,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125761,125762,125774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125763,125764,125766,125768,125770,125772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125765,34675],{"class":65},[59,125767,70],{"class":69},[59,125769,125117],{"class":77},[59,125771,3860],{"class":81},[59,125773,43137],{"class":77},[59,125775,125776,125778,125780,125782],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125777,715],{"class":135},[59,125779,139],{"class":73},[59,125781,34696],{"class":142},[59,125783,165],{"class":73},[20,125785,125786],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[50,125788,125790],{"className":52,"code":125789,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125791,125792,125804],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125793,125794,125796,125798,125800,125802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125795,34675],{"class":65},[59,125797,70],{"class":69},[59,125799,90],{"class":77},[59,125801,3860],{"class":81},[59,125803,3374],{"class":77},[59,125805,125806,125808,125810,125812],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125807,715],{"class":135},[59,125809,139],{"class":73},[59,125811,34696],{"class":142},[59,125813,165],{"class":73},[1127,125815,4595,125817,4408,125819,125821],{"id":125816},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125818,50049],{},[15,125820,50099],{}," are the same type",[20,125823,125824],{},"They are different:",[50,125826,125828],{"className":52,"code":125827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125829,125830,125839,125852,125856,125870],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125831,125832,125835,125837],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125833,125834],{"class":65},"value1 ",[59,125836,70],{"class":69},[59,125838,124845],{"class":178},[59,125840,125841,125844,125846,125848,125850],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125842,125843],{"class":65},"value2 ",[59,125845,70],{"class":69},[59,125847,90],{"class":77},[59,125849,50049],{"class":81},[59,125851,3374],{"class":77},[59,125853,125854],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125855,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125857,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125859,715],{"class":135},[59,125861,139],{"class":73},[59,125863,3239],{"class":697},[59,125865,139],{"class":73},[59,125867,84578],{"class":142},[59,125869,710],{"class":73},[59,125871,125872,125874,125876,125878,125880,125883],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,125873,715],{"class":135},[59,125875,139],{"class":73},[59,125877,3239],{"class":697},[59,125879,139],{"class":73},[59,125881,125882],{"class":142},"value2",[59,125884,710],{"class":73},[20,125886,168],{},[50,125888,125890],{"className":52,"code":125889,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125891,125892,125906],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125893,125894,125896,125898,125900,125902,125904],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125895,1769],{"class":69},[59,125897,3310],{"class":887},[59,125899,1734],{"class":77},[59,125901,2209],{"class":81},[59,125903,1725],{"class":77},[59,125905,1788],{"class":69},[59,125907,125908,125910,125912,125914,125916,125918],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125909,1769],{"class":69},[59,125911,3310],{"class":887},[59,125913,1734],{"class":77},[59,125915,3460],{"class":81},[59,125917,1725],{"class":77},[59,125919,1788],{"class":69},[1127,125921,125923],{"id":125922},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125925,125926],{},"This causes a type error:",[50,125928,125930],{"className":52,"code":125929,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125931,125932,125936,125941],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125933,125934],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125935,125513],{"class":3678},[59,125937,125938],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125939,125940],{"class":3678},"# age = 10\n",[59,125942,125943],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125944,125945],{"class":3678},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125947,125948,125949,1002],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125950,47486],{},[50,125952,125954],{"className":52,"code":125953,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125955,125956,125964,125986,125990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,125957,125958,125960,125962],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,125959,21626],{"class":65},[59,125961,70],{"class":69},[59,125963,2605],{"class":178},[59,125965,125966,125968,125970,125972,125974,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,125967,89815],{"class":65},[59,125969,70],{"class":69},[59,125971,90],{"class":77},[59,125973,89233],{"class":81},[59,125975,78],{"class":77},[59,125977,2472],{"class":69},[59,125979,48707],{"class":697},[59,125981,139],{"class":73},[59,125983,9299],{"class":142},[59,125985,165],{"class":73},[59,125987,125988],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,125989,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,125991,125992,125994,125996,125998],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,125993,715],{"class":135},[59,125995,139],{"class":73},[59,125997,89832],{"class":142},[59,125999,165],{"class":73},[20,126001,126002,126003,358],{},"For this specific error, see ",[354,126004,90214],{"href":90213},[1127,126006,60517],{"id":60516},[20,126008,126009],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[50,126011,126013],{"className":52,"code":126012,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126014,126015,126027,126031,126041,126055],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126016,126017,126019,126021,126023,126025],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126018,34675],{"class":65},[59,126020,70],{"class":69},[59,126022,90],{"class":77},[59,126024,3860],{"class":81},[59,126026,3374],{"class":77},[59,126028,126029],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126030,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,126032,126033,126035,126037,126039],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,126034,715],{"class":135},[59,126036,139],{"class":73},[59,126038,34696],{"class":142},[59,126040,165],{"class":73},[59,126042,126043,126045,126047,126049,126051,126053],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,126044,715],{"class":135},[59,126046,139],{"class":73},[59,126048,3239],{"class":697},[59,126050,139],{"class":73},[59,126052,34696],{"class":142},[59,126054,710],{"class":73},[59,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,126058,715],{"class":135},[59,126060,139],{"class":73},[59,126062,41579],{"class":135},[59,126064,139],{"class":73},[59,126066,34696],{"class":142},[59,126068,710],{"class":73},[29,126070,126071,126076,126081],{},[32,126072,126073,46080],{},[15,126074,126075],{},"print(text)",[32,126077,126078,46085],{},[15,126079,126080],{},"print(type(text))",[32,126082,126083,126086],{},[15,126084,126085],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[45,126088,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,126090,126092],{"id":126091},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126094,126095,126096,2896,126099,358],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126097,126098],{},"'hello'",[15,126100,64342],{},[1127,126102,126104],{"id":126103},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126106,126107],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1127,126109,126111],{"id":126110},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126113,201,126114,2896,126116,358],{},[15,126115,6278],{},[15,126117,3787],{},[1127,126119,126121],{"id":126120},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126123,201,126124,126126,126127,126129,126130,358],{},[15,126125,47486],{},", like ",[15,126128,80188],{},", which returns ",[15,126131,41926],{},[1127,126133,126135],{"id":126134},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126137,126138],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[45,126140,1927],{"id":1926},[29,126142,126143,126147,126153,126158,126167,126171],{},[32,126144,126145],{},[354,126146,124918],{"href":50779},[32,126148,126149],{},[354,126150,13,126151,536],{"href":41975},[15,126152,47486],{},[32,126154,126155],{},[354,126156,126157],{"href":123088},"How to convert int to string in Python",[32,126159,126160],{},[354,126161,126163,126164,10742],{"href":126162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126165,126166],{},"format()",[32,126168,126169],{},[354,126170,125604],{"href":125603},[32,126172,126173],{},[354,126174,90214],{"href":90213},[1953,126176,126177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":126179},[126180,126181,126182,126183,126184,126185,126186,126187,126188,126197,126204],{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":124757,"depth":110,"text":124758},{"id":124921,"depth":110,"text":124922},{"id":124996,"depth":110,"text":124997},{"id":125096,"depth":110,"text":125097},{"id":125201,"depth":110,"text":125202},{"id":125379,"depth":110,"text":125380},{"id":125496,"depth":110,"text":125497},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":126189},[126190,126191,126192,126193,126195,126196],{"id":90021,"depth":117,"text":90022},{"id":125669,"depth":117,"text":125670},{"id":125752,"depth":117,"text":125753},{"id":125816,"depth":117,"text":126194},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125922,"depth":117,"text":125923},{"id":60516,"depth":117,"text":60517},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":126198},[126199,126200,126201,126202,126203],{"id":126091,"depth":117,"text":126092},{"id":126103,"depth":117,"text":126104},{"id":126110,"depth":117,"text":126111},{"id":126120,"depth":117,"text":126121},{"id":126134,"depth":117,"text":126135},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124619,"description":126205},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126212,"title":126213,"body":126214,"description":128128,"extension":1988,"meta":128129,"navigation":113,"path":128130,"seo":128131,"stem":128132,"__hash__":128133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126215,"toc":128089},[126216,126222,126227,126235,126237,126304,126306,126318,126327,126332,126336,126353,126355,126420,126422,126434,126439,126441,126469,126490,126493,126532,126534,126542,126546,126550,126554,126562,126565,126606,126608,126616,126619,126676,126678,126686,126690,126695,126739,126741,126749,126758,126762,126767,126815,126817,126825,126831,126833,126837,126849,126854,126933,126935,126955,126959,126963,127003,127005,127013,127017,127060,127062,127070,127074,127114,127116,127124,127128,127184,127186,127194,127200,127202,127206,127216,127283,127285,127298,127305,127348,127350,127358,127362,127365,127421,127423,127431,127434,127436,127513,127515,127523,127532,127534,127538,127542,127544,127566,127569,127616,127620,127659,127661,127669,127671,127713,127720,127725,127787,127789,127801,127807,127812,127861,127863,127882,127888,127890,127909,127911,128002,128004,128010,128017,128023,128029,128034,128043,128050,128058,128060,128086],[10,126217,123163,126219,11324],{"id":126218},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126220,126221],{},"endswith()",[20,126223,123168,126224,126226],{},[15,126225,126221],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126228,126229,126230,2896,126232,126234],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126231,3619],{},[15,126233,3689],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[45,126236,48],{"id":47},[50,126238,126240],{"className":52,"code":126239,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126241,126242,126256,126281],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126243,126244,126247,126249,126251,126254],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126245,126246],{"class":65},"filename ",[59,126248,70],{"class":69},[59,126250,90],{"class":77},[59,126252,126253],{"class":81},"report.csv",[59,126255,3374],{"class":77},[59,126257,126258,126260,126262,126265,126267,126270,126272,126274,126277,126279],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126259,715],{"class":135},[59,126261,139],{"class":73},[59,126263,126264],{"class":142},"filename",[59,126266,358],{"class":73},[59,126268,126269],{"class":142},"endswith",[59,126271,139],{"class":73},[59,126273,78],{"class":77},[59,126275,126276],{"class":81},".csv",[59,126278,78],{"class":77},[59,126280,710],{"class":73},[59,126282,126283,126285,126287,126289,126291,126293,126295,126297,126300,126302],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,126284,715],{"class":135},[59,126286,139],{"class":73},[59,126288,126264],{"class":142},[59,126290,358],{"class":73},[59,126292,126269],{"class":142},[59,126294,139],{"class":73},[59,126296,78],{"class":77},[59,126298,126299],{"class":81},".txt",[59,126301,78],{"class":77},[59,126303,710],{"class":73},[20,126305,168],{},[50,126307,126308],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126309,126310,126314],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126311,126312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126313,3994],{"class":3867},[59,126315,126316],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126317,4055],{"class":3867},[20,126319,201,126320,5377,126322,2896,126324,126326],{},[15,126321,126221],{},[15,126323,3619],{},[15,126325,3689],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[45,126328,208,126330,211],{"id":126329},"what-endswith-does",[15,126331,126221],{},[20,126333,126334,1002],{},[15,126335,126221],{},[29,126337,126338,126341,126347,126350],{},[32,126339,126340],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[32,126342,11426,126343,2896,126345],{},[15,126344,3619],{},[15,126346,3689],{},[32,126348,126349],{},"Does not change the original string",[32,126351,126352],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126354,239],{},[50,126356,126358],{"className":52,"code":126357,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126359,126360,126372,126376,126398],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126361,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126363,34675],{"class":65},[59,126365,70],{"class":69},[59,126367,90],{"class":77},[59,126369,60213],{"class":81},[59,126371,3374],{"class":77},[59,126373,126374],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126375,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,126377,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388,126390,126392,126394,126396],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,126379,715],{"class":135},[59,126381,139],{"class":73},[59,126383,34696],{"class":142},[59,126385,358],{"class":73},[59,126387,126269],{"class":142},[59,126389,139],{"class":73},[59,126391,78],{"class":77},[59,126393,60398],{"class":81},[59,126395,78],{"class":77},[59,126397,710],{"class":73},[59,126399,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,126401,715],{"class":135},[59,126403,139],{"class":73},[59,126405,34696],{"class":142},[59,126407,358],{"class":73},[59,126409,126269],{"class":142},[59,126411,139],{"class":73},[59,126413,78],{"class":77},[59,126415,3860],{"class":81},[59,126417,78],{"class":77},[59,126419,710],{"class":73},[20,126421,168],{},[50,126423,126424],{"className":52,"code":43975,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126425,126426,126430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126427,126428],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126429,3994],{"class":3867},[59,126431,126432],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126433,4055],{"class":3867},[20,126435,126436,126437,358],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[354,126438,124918],{"href":50779},[45,126440,362],{"id":361},[50,126442,126444],{"className":52,"code":126443,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126445,126446],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126447,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126449,60981],{"class":65},[59,126451,358],{"class":73},[59,126453,126269],{"class":142},[59,126455,139],{"class":73},[59,126457,126458],{"class":142},"suffix",[59,126460,87],{"class":73},[59,126462,386],{"class":142},[59,126464,87],{"class":73},[59,126466,64848],{"class":142},[59,126468,165],{"class":73},[29,126470,126471,126476,126483],{},[32,126472,126473,126475],{},[15,126474,126458],{}," is required",[32,126477,126478,4408,126480,126482],{},[15,126479,407],{},[15,126481,52465],{}," are optional",[32,126484,126485,4408,126487,126489],{},[15,126486,407],{},[15,126488,52465],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126491,126492],{},"Basic example:",[50,126494,126496],{"className":52,"code":126495,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126497,126498,126510],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126499,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126501,126246],{"class":65},[59,126503,70],{"class":69},[59,126505,90],{"class":77},[59,126507,86703],{"class":81},[59,126509,3374],{"class":77},[59,126511,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126513,715],{"class":135},[59,126515,139],{"class":73},[59,126517,126264],{"class":142},[59,126519,358],{"class":73},[59,126521,126269],{"class":142},[59,126523,139],{"class":73},[59,126525,78],{"class":77},[59,126527,126299],{"class":81},[59,126529,78],{"class":77},[59,126531,710],{"class":73},[20,126533,168],{},[50,126535,126536],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126537,126538],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126539,126540],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126541,3994],{"class":3867},[45,126543,126545],{"id":126544},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1127,126547,126548],{"id":126458},[15,126549,126458],{},[20,126551,126552,30738],{},[15,126553,126458],{},[29,126555,126556,126559],{},[32,126557,126558],{},"A single string",[32,126560,126561],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126563,126564],{},"Single suffix:",[50,126566,126568],{"className":52,"code":126567,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126569,126570,126583],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126571,126572,126574,126576,126578,126581],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126573,7882],{"class":65},[59,126575,70],{"class":69},[59,126577,90],{"class":77},[59,126579,126580],{"class":81},"image.png",[59,126582,3374],{"class":77},[59,126584,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126602,126604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126586,715],{"class":135},[59,126588,139],{"class":73},[59,126590,7676],{"class":142},[59,126592,358],{"class":73},[59,126594,126269],{"class":142},[59,126596,139],{"class":73},[59,126598,78],{"class":77},[59,126600,126601],{"class":81},".png",[59,126603,78],{"class":77},[59,126605,710],{"class":73},[20,126607,168],{},[50,126609,126610],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126611,126612],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126613,126614],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126615,3994],{"class":3867},[20,126617,126618],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[50,126620,126622],{"className":52,"code":126621,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126623,126624,126636],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126625,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126627,7882],{"class":65},[59,126629,70],{"class":69},[59,126631,90],{"class":77},[59,126633,126580],{"class":81},[59,126635,3374],{"class":77},[59,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669,126672,126674],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126639,715],{"class":135},[59,126641,139],{"class":73},[59,126643,7676],{"class":142},[59,126645,358],{"class":73},[59,126647,126269],{"class":142},[59,126649,5519],{"class":73},[59,126651,78],{"class":77},[59,126653,126654],{"class":81},".jpg",[59,126656,78],{"class":77},[59,126658,87],{"class":73},[59,126660,90],{"class":77},[59,126662,126601],{"class":81},[59,126664,78],{"class":77},[59,126666,87],{"class":73},[59,126668,90],{"class":77},[59,126670,126671],{"class":81},".gif",[59,126673,78],{"class":77},[59,126675,1706],{"class":73},[20,126677,168],{},[50,126679,126680],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126681,126682],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126683,126684],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126685,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,126687,126688],{"id":407},[15,126689,407],{},[20,126691,126692,126694],{},[15,126693,407],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[50,126696,126698],{"className":52,"code":126697,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126699,126700,126713],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126701,126702,126704,126706,126708,126711],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126703,34675],{"class":65},[59,126705,70],{"class":69},[59,126707,90],{"class":77},[59,126709,126710],{"class":81},"my_report.csv",[59,126712,3374],{"class":77},[59,126714,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126716,715],{"class":135},[59,126718,139],{"class":73},[59,126720,34696],{"class":142},[59,126722,358],{"class":73},[59,126724,126269],{"class":142},[59,126726,139],{"class":73},[59,126728,78],{"class":77},[59,126730,126276],{"class":81},[59,126732,78],{"class":77},[59,126734,87],{"class":73},[59,126736,2469],{"class":178},[59,126738,710],{"class":73},[20,126740,168],{},[50,126742,126743],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126744,126745],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126746,126747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126748,3994],{"class":3867},[20,126750,126751,126752,126754,126755,358],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126753,950],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126756,126757],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1127,126759,126760],{"id":52465},[15,126761,52465],{},[20,126763,126764,126766],{},[15,126765,52465],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[50,126768,126770],{"className":52,"code":126769,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126771,126772,126785],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126773,126774,126776,126778,126780,126783],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126775,34675],{"class":65},[59,126777,70],{"class":69},[59,126779,90],{"class":77},[59,126781,126782],{"class":81},"report.csv backup",[59,126784,3374],{"class":77},[59,126786,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126788,715],{"class":135},[59,126790,139],{"class":73},[59,126792,34696],{"class":142},[59,126794,358],{"class":73},[59,126796,126269],{"class":142},[59,126798,139],{"class":73},[59,126800,78],{"class":77},[59,126802,126276],{"class":81},[59,126804,78],{"class":77},[59,126806,87],{"class":73},[59,126808,3848],{"class":178},[59,126810,87],{"class":73},[59,126812,741],{"class":178},[59,126814,710],{"class":73},[20,126816,168],{},[50,126818,126819],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,126820,126821],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126822,126823],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126824,3994],{"class":3867},[20,126826,126827,126828,126830],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126829,126757],{}," and ignores the rest.",[45,126832,17419],{"id":17418},[20,126834,126835,25498],{},[15,126836,126221],{},[29,126838,126839,126844],{},[32,126840,126841,126843],{},[15,126842,3619],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[32,126845,126846,126848],{},[15,126847,3689],{}," if it does not",[20,126850,126851,126852,7179],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126853,7004],{},[50,126855,126857],{"className":52,"code":126856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126858,126859,126872,126876,126897,126912,126918],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126870],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126862,126246],{"class":65},[59,126864,70],{"class":69},[59,126866,90],{"class":77},[59,126868,126869],{"class":81},"data.csv",[59,126871,3374],{"class":77},[59,126873,126874],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126875,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,126877,126878,126880,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,126879,7004],{"class":120},[59,126881,126882],{"class":65}," filename",[59,126884,358],{"class":73},[59,126886,126269],{"class":142},[59,126888,139],{"class":73},[59,126890,78],{"class":77},[59,126892,126276],{"class":81},[59,126894,78],{"class":77},[59,126896,146],{"class":73},[59,126898,126899,126901,126903,126905,126908,126910],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,126900,152],{"class":135},[59,126902,139],{"class":73},[59,126904,78],{"class":77},[59,126906,126907],{"class":81},"This is a CSV file.",[59,126909,78],{"class":77},[59,126911,165],{"class":73},[59,126913,126914,126916],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,126915,27424],{"class":120},[59,126917,1561],{"class":73},[59,126919,126920,126922,126924,126926,126929,126931],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,126921,152],{"class":135},[59,126923,139],{"class":73},[59,126925,78],{"class":77},[59,126927,126928],{"class":81},"This is not a CSV file.",[59,126930,78],{"class":77},[59,126932,165],{"class":73},[20,126934,168],{},[50,126936,126938],{"className":52,"code":126937,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126939,126940],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126941,126942,126944,126946,126948,126951,126953],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126943,49682],{"class":65},[59,126945,12196],{"class":69},[59,126947,44346],{"class":65},[59,126949,126950],{"class":1784},"CSV",[59,126952,86444],{"class":86443},[59,126954,122195],{"class":73},[45,126956,126958],{"id":126957},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1127,126960,126962],{"id":126961},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[50,126964,126966],{"className":52,"code":126965,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126967,126968,126981],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,126969,126970,126972,126974,126976,126979],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,126971,126246],{"class":65},[59,126973,70],{"class":69},[59,126975,90],{"class":77},[59,126977,126978],{"class":81},"sales.csv",[59,126980,3374],{"class":77},[59,126982,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,126984,715],{"class":135},[59,126986,139],{"class":73},[59,126988,126264],{"class":142},[59,126990,358],{"class":73},[59,126992,126269],{"class":142},[59,126994,139],{"class":73},[59,126996,78],{"class":77},[59,126998,126276],{"class":81},[59,127000,78],{"class":77},[59,127002,710],{"class":73},[20,127004,168],{},[50,127006,127007],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127008,127009],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127010,127011],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127012,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,127014,127016],{"id":127015},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[50,127018,127020],{"className":52,"code":127019,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127021,127022,127036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127023,127024,127027,127029,127031,127034],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127025,127026],{"class":65},"url ",[59,127028,70],{"class":69},[59,127030,90],{"class":77},[59,127032,127033],{"class":81},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[59,127035,3374],{"class":77},[59,127037,127038,127040,127042,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127056,127058],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127039,715],{"class":135},[59,127041,139],{"class":73},[59,127043,127044],{"class":142},"url",[59,127046,358],{"class":73},[59,127048,126269],{"class":142},[59,127050,139],{"class":73},[59,127052,78],{"class":77},[59,127054,127055],{"class":81},"\u002F",[59,127057,78],{"class":77},[59,127059,710],{"class":73},[20,127061,168],{},[50,127063,127064],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127065,127066],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127067,127068],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127069,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,127071,127073],{"id":127072},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[50,127075,127077],{"className":52,"code":127076,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127078,127079,127092],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127080,127081,127083,127085,127087,127090],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127082,89815],{"class":65},[59,127084,70],{"class":69},[59,127086,90],{"class":77},[59,127088,127089],{"class":81},"Hello!",[59,127091,3374],{"class":77},[59,127093,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127095,715],{"class":135},[59,127097,139],{"class":73},[59,127099,89832],{"class":142},[59,127101,358],{"class":73},[59,127103,126269],{"class":142},[59,127105,139],{"class":73},[59,127107,78],{"class":77},[59,127109,89656],{"class":81},[59,127111,78],{"class":77},[59,127113,710],{"class":73},[20,127115,168],{},[50,127117,127118],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127119,127120],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127121,127122],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127123,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,127125,127127],{"id":127126},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[50,127129,127131],{"className":52,"code":127130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127132,127133,127146],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127134,127135,127137,127139,127141,127144],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127136,126246],{"class":65},[59,127138,70],{"class":69},[59,127140,90],{"class":77},[59,127142,127143],{"class":81},"photo.jpg",[59,127145,3374],{"class":77},[59,127147,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127149,715],{"class":135},[59,127151,139],{"class":73},[59,127153,126264],{"class":142},[59,127155,358],{"class":73},[59,127157,126269],{"class":142},[59,127159,5519],{"class":73},[59,127161,78],{"class":77},[59,127163,126654],{"class":81},[59,127165,78],{"class":77},[59,127167,87],{"class":73},[59,127169,90],{"class":77},[59,127171,126601],{"class":81},[59,127173,78],{"class":77},[59,127175,87],{"class":73},[59,127177,90],{"class":77},[59,127179,126671],{"class":81},[59,127181,78],{"class":77},[59,127183,1706],{"class":73},[20,127185,168],{},[50,127187,127188],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127189,127190],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127191,127192],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127193,3994],{"class":3867},[20,127195,127196,127197,358],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[354,127198,127199],{"href":123418},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[45,127201,123810],{"id":123809},[20,127203,127204,123621],{},[15,127205,126221],{},[20,127207,127208,127209,4408,127212,127215],{},"That means ",[15,127210,127211],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127213,127214],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[50,127217,127219],{"className":52,"code":127218,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127220,127221,127234,127238,127260],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127222,127223,127225,127227,127229,127232],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127224,126246],{"class":65},[59,127226,70],{"class":69},[59,127228,90],{"class":77},[59,127230,127231],{"class":81},"REPORT.CSV",[59,127233,3374],{"class":77},[59,127235,127236],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127237,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,127239,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,127241,715],{"class":135},[59,127243,139],{"class":73},[59,127245,126264],{"class":142},[59,127247,358],{"class":73},[59,127249,126269],{"class":142},[59,127251,139],{"class":73},[59,127253,78],{"class":77},[59,127255,126276],{"class":81},[59,127257,78],{"class":77},[59,127259,710],{"class":73},[59,127261,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127279,127281],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,127263,715],{"class":135},[59,127265,139],{"class":73},[59,127267,126264],{"class":142},[59,127269,358],{"class":73},[59,127271,126269],{"class":142},[59,127273,139],{"class":73},[59,127275,78],{"class":77},[59,127277,127278],{"class":81},".CSV",[59,127280,78],{"class":77},[59,127282,710],{"class":73},[20,127284,168],{},[50,127286,127288],{"className":52,"code":127287,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127289,127290,127294],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127291,127292],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127293,4055],{"class":3867},[59,127295,127296],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127297,3994],{"class":3867},[20,127299,127300,127301,358],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[354,127302,127303],{"href":123890},[15,127304,123893],{},[50,127306,127308],{"className":52,"code":127307,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127309,127310,127322],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127311,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127313,126246],{"class":65},[59,127315,70],{"class":69},[59,127317,90],{"class":77},[59,127319,127231],{"class":81},[59,127321,3374],{"class":77},[59,127323,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127325,715],{"class":135},[59,127327,139],{"class":73},[59,127329,126264],{"class":142},[59,127331,358],{"class":73},[59,127333,8644],{"class":142},[59,127335,8641],{"class":73},[59,127337,126269],{"class":142},[59,127339,139],{"class":73},[59,127341,78],{"class":77},[59,127343,126276],{"class":81},[59,127345,78],{"class":77},[59,127347,710],{"class":73},[20,127349,168],{},[50,127351,127352],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127353,127354],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127355,127356],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127357,3994],{"class":3867},[45,127359,127361],{"id":127360},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127363,127364],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[50,127366,127368],{"className":52,"code":127367,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127369,127370,127383],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127371,127372,127374,127376,127378,127381],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127373,126246],{"class":65},[59,127375,70],{"class":69},[59,127377,90],{"class":77},[59,127379,127380],{"class":81},"picture.gif",[59,127382,3374],{"class":77},[59,127384,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127386,715],{"class":135},[59,127388,139],{"class":73},[59,127390,126264],{"class":142},[59,127392,358],{"class":73},[59,127394,126269],{"class":142},[59,127396,5519],{"class":73},[59,127398,78],{"class":77},[59,127400,126654],{"class":81},[59,127402,78],{"class":77},[59,127404,87],{"class":73},[59,127406,90],{"class":77},[59,127408,126601],{"class":81},[59,127410,78],{"class":77},[59,127412,87],{"class":73},[59,127414,90],{"class":77},[59,127416,126671],{"class":81},[59,127418,78],{"class":77},[59,127420,1706],{"class":73},[20,127422,168],{},[50,127424,127425],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127426,127427],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127428,127429],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127430,3994],{"class":3867},[20,127432,127433],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127435,51884],{},[50,127437,127439],{"className":52,"code":127438,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127440,127441,127454,127489,127493],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127442,127443,127446,127448,127450,127452],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127444,127445],{"class":65},"document ",[59,127447,70],{"class":69},[59,127449,90],{"class":77},[59,127451,86703],{"class":81},[59,127453,3374],{"class":77},[59,127455,127456,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127476,127478,127480,127482,127485,127487],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127457,127458],{"class":65},"allowed ",[59,127460,70],{"class":69},[59,127462,747],{"class":73},[59,127464,78],{"class":77},[59,127466,126299],{"class":81},[59,127468,78],{"class":77},[59,127470,87],{"class":73},[59,127472,90],{"class":77},[59,127474,127475],{"class":81},".md",[59,127477,78],{"class":77},[59,127479,87],{"class":73},[59,127481,90],{"class":77},[59,127483,127484],{"class":81},".docx",[59,127486,78],{"class":77},[59,127488,165],{"class":73},[59,127490,127491],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,127492,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,127494,127495,127497,127499,127502,127504,127506,127508,127511],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,127496,715],{"class":135},[59,127498,139],{"class":73},[59,127500,127501],{"class":142},"document",[59,127503,358],{"class":73},[59,127505,126269],{"class":142},[59,127507,139],{"class":73},[59,127509,127510],{"class":142},"allowed",[59,127512,710],{"class":73},[20,127514,168],{},[50,127516,127517],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127518,127519],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127520,127521],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127522,3994],{"class":3867},[20,127524,127525,127526,358],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[354,127527,126163,127529,10742],{"href":127528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127530,127531],{},"startswith()",[45,127533,1579],{"id":1578},[20,127535,8450,127536,358],{},[15,127537,126221],{},[1127,127539,127541],{"id":127540},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127543,4541],{},[50,127545,127547],{"className":52,"code":127546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127548,127549,127561],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127550,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127552,126246],{"class":65},[59,127554,70],{"class":69},[59,127556,90],{"class":77},[59,127558,127143],{"class":81},[59,127560,3374],{"class":77},[59,127562,127563],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127564,127565],{"class":3678},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127567,127568],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[50,127570,127572],{"className":52,"code":127571,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127573,127574,127586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127575,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127577,126246],{"class":65},[59,127579,70],{"class":69},[59,127581,90],{"class":77},[59,127583,127143],{"class":81},[59,127585,3374],{"class":77},[59,127587,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127589,715],{"class":135},[59,127591,139],{"class":73},[59,127593,126264],{"class":142},[59,127595,358],{"class":73},[59,127597,126269],{"class":142},[59,127599,5519],{"class":73},[59,127601,78],{"class":77},[59,127603,126654],{"class":81},[59,127605,78],{"class":77},[59,127607,87],{"class":73},[59,127609,90],{"class":77},[59,127611,126601],{"class":81},[59,127613,78],{"class":77},[59,127615,1706],{"class":73},[1127,127617,127619],{"id":127618},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[50,127621,127623],{"className":52,"code":127622,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127624,127625,127637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127626,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127628,126246],{"class":65},[59,127630,70],{"class":69},[59,127632,90],{"class":77},[59,127634,127231],{"class":81},[59,127636,3374],{"class":77},[59,127638,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127640,715],{"class":135},[59,127642,139],{"class":73},[59,127644,126264],{"class":142},[59,127646,358],{"class":73},[59,127648,126269],{"class":142},[59,127650,139],{"class":73},[59,127652,78],{"class":77},[59,127654,126276],{"class":81},[59,127656,78],{"class":77},[59,127658,710],{"class":73},[20,127660,168],{},[50,127662,127663],{"className":52,"code":4055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127664,127665],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127666,127667],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127668,4055],{"class":3867},[20,127670,39060],{},[50,127672,127673],{"className":52,"code":127307,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127674,127675,127687],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127678,126246],{"class":65},[59,127680,70],{"class":69},[59,127682,90],{"class":77},[59,127684,127231],{"class":81},[59,127686,3374],{"class":77},[59,127688,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127690,715],{"class":135},[59,127692,139],{"class":73},[59,127694,126264],{"class":142},[59,127696,358],{"class":73},[59,127698,8644],{"class":142},[59,127700,8641],{"class":73},[59,127702,126269],{"class":142},[59,127704,139],{"class":73},[59,127706,78],{"class":77},[59,127708,126276],{"class":81},[59,127710,78],{"class":77},[59,127712,710],{"class":73},[1127,127714,1605,127716,1608,127718],{"id":127715},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127717,126221],{},[15,127719,132],{},[20,127721,127722,127724],{},[15,127723,126221],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[50,127726,127728],{"className":52,"code":127727,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127729,127730,127743,127747,127769],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127731,127732,127734,127736,127738,127741],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127733,34675],{"class":65},[59,127735,70],{"class":69},[59,127737,90],{"class":77},[59,127739,127740],{"class":81},"my_report.csv.backup",[59,127742,3374],{"class":77},[59,127744,127745],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127746,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,127748,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,127750,715],{"class":135},[59,127752,139],{"class":73},[59,127754,34696],{"class":142},[59,127756,358],{"class":73},[59,127758,126269],{"class":142},[59,127760,139],{"class":73},[59,127762,78],{"class":77},[59,127764,126276],{"class":81},[59,127766,78],{"class":77},[59,127768,710],{"class":73},[59,127770,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,127772,715],{"class":135},[59,127774,139],{"class":73},[59,127776,78],{"class":77},[59,127778,126276],{"class":81},[59,127780,78],{"class":77},[59,127782,21173],{"class":120},[59,127784,42642],{"class":142},[59,127786,165],{"class":73},[20,127788,168],{},[50,127790,127791],{"className":52,"code":127287,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,127792,127793,127797],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127794,127795],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127796,4055],{"class":3867},[59,127798,127799],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127800,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,127802,8456,127804,127806],{"id":127803},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127805,126221],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127808,127809,127811],{},[15,127810,126221],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[50,127813,127815],{"className":52,"code":127814,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127816,127817,127829,127851],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127818,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127820,126246],{"class":65},[59,127822,70],{"class":69},[59,127824,90],{"class":77},[59,127826,126253],{"class":81},[59,127828,3374],{"class":77},[59,127830,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127832,715],{"class":135},[59,127834,139],{"class":73},[59,127836,126264],{"class":142},[59,127838,358],{"class":73},[59,127840,126269],{"class":142},[59,127842,139],{"class":73},[59,127844,78],{"class":77},[59,127846,126276],{"class":81},[59,127848,78],{"class":77},[59,127850,710],{"class":73},[59,127852,127853,127855,127857,127859],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,127854,715],{"class":135},[59,127856,139],{"class":73},[59,127858,126264],{"class":142},[59,127860,165],{"class":73},[20,127862,168],{},[50,127864,127866],{"className":52,"code":127865,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127867,127868,127872],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127869,127870],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127871,3994],{"class":3867},[59,127873,127874,127877,127879],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127875,127876],{"class":65},"report",[59,127878,358],{"class":73},[59,127880,127881],{"class":929},"csv\n",[20,127883,127884,127885,358],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[354,127886,127887],{"href":124331},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127889,65871],{},[29,127891,127892,127895,127898,127901],{},[32,127893,127894],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[32,127896,127897],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[32,127899,127900],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[32,127902,1599,127903,44431,127905,2896,127907,111360],{},[15,127904,126221],{},[15,127906,124334],{},[15,127908,41453],{},[20,127910,30123],{},[50,127912,127914],{"className":52,"code":127913,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127915,127916,127926,127940,127962,127988],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,127917,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,127919,715],{"class":135},[59,127921,139],{"class":73},[59,127923,34696],{"class":142},[59,127925,165],{"class":73},[59,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,127929,715],{"class":135},[59,127931,139],{"class":73},[59,127933,41579],{"class":135},[59,127935,139],{"class":73},[59,127937,34696],{"class":142},[59,127939,710],{"class":73},[59,127941,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,127943,715],{"class":135},[59,127945,139],{"class":73},[59,127947,34696],{"class":142},[59,127949,358],{"class":73},[59,127951,126269],{"class":142},[59,127953,139],{"class":73},[59,127955,1725],{"class":77},[59,127957,126276],{"class":81},[59,127959,1725],{"class":77},[59,127961,710],{"class":73},[59,127963,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,127965,715],{"class":135},[59,127967,139],{"class":73},[59,127969,34696],{"class":142},[59,127971,358],{"class":73},[59,127973,8644],{"class":142},[59,127975,8641],{"class":73},[59,127977,126269],{"class":142},[59,127979,139],{"class":73},[59,127981,1725],{"class":77},[59,127983,126276],{"class":81},[59,127985,1725],{"class":77},[59,127987,710],{"class":73},[59,127989,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,127991,715],{"class":135},[59,127993,139],{"class":73},[59,127995,3239],{"class":697},[59,127997,139],{"class":73},[59,127999,34696],{"class":142},[59,128001,710],{"class":73},[45,128003,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,128005,1882,128007,128009],{"id":128006},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128008,126221],{}," change the string?",[20,128011,128012,128013,2896,128015,358],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128014,3619],{},[15,128016,3689],{},[1127,128018,1914,128020,128022],{"id":128019},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128021,126221],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128024,128025,128026,358],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128027,128028],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1127,128030,14903,128032,124499],{"id":128031},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128033,126221],{},[20,128035,128036,128037,2896,128039,128042],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128038,123893],{},[15,128040,128041],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1127,128044,5190,128046,4408,128048,1905],{"id":128045},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128047,126221],{},[15,128049,124158],{},[20,128051,128052,128054,128055,128057],{},[15,128053,126221],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128056,124158],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[45,128059,1927],{"id":1926},[29,128061,128062,128068,128074,128078,128082],{},[32,128063,128064],{},[354,128065,126163,128066,10742],{"href":127528},[15,128067,127531],{},[32,128069,128070],{},[354,128071,126163,128072,10742],{"href":123890},[15,128073,123893],{},[32,128075,128076],{},[354,128077,124562],{"href":123418},[32,128079,128080],{},[354,128081,124569],{"href":124331},[32,128083,128084],{},[354,128085,124918],{"href":50779},[1953,128087,128088],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":128090},[128091,128092,128094,128095,128100,128101,128107,128108,128109,128117,128127],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":126329,"depth":110,"text":128093},"What endswith() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":126544,"depth":110,"text":126545,"children":128096},[128097,128098,128099],{"id":126458,"depth":117,"text":126458},{"id":407,"depth":117,"text":407},{"id":52465,"depth":117,"text":52465},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":126957,"depth":110,"text":126958,"children":128102},[128103,128104,128105,128106],{"id":126961,"depth":117,"text":126962},{"id":127015,"depth":117,"text":127016},{"id":127072,"depth":117,"text":127073},{"id":127126,"depth":117,"text":127127},{"id":123809,"depth":110,"text":123810},{"id":127360,"depth":110,"text":127361},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":128110},[128111,128112,128113,128115],{"id":127540,"depth":117,"text":127541},{"id":127618,"depth":117,"text":127619},{"id":127715,"depth":117,"text":128114},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127803,"depth":117,"text":128116},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":128118},[128119,128121,128123,128125],{"id":128006,"depth":117,"text":128120},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128019,"depth":117,"text":128122},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128031,"depth":117,"text":128124},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128045,"depth":117,"text":128126},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126213,"description":128128},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128135,"title":128136,"body":128137,"description":129805,"extension":1988,"meta":129806,"navigation":113,"path":129807,"seo":129808,"stem":129809,"__hash__":129810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128138,"toc":129778},[128139,128144,128149,128154,128159,128252,128262,128267,128272,128287,128289,128371,128379,128381,128383,128410,128412,128428,128435,128437,128545,128547,128552,128568,128570,128665,128673,128676,128682,128687,128692,128699,128838,128841,128854,128856,128860,128867,128937,128940,128989,128996,129003,129017,129022,129027,129073,129119,129135,129137,129142,129156,129159,129281,129286,129288,129293,129326,129329,129405,129407,129416,129430,129433,129517,129520,129631,129634,129662,129664,129671,129675,129681,129684,129690,129693,129700,129711,129717,129724,129726,129775],[10,128140,123163,128142,11324],{"id":128141},"python-string-find-method",[15,128143,124158],{},[20,128145,123168,128146,128148],{},[15,128147,124158],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128150,128151,128152,358],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128153,65662],{},[20,128155,201,128156,128158],{},[15,128157,124158],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[50,128160,128162],{"className":52,"code":128161,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128163,128164,128176,128199,128212,128216,128239],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128167,34675],{"class":65},[59,128169,70],{"class":69},[59,128171,90],{"class":77},[59,128173,60213],{"class":81},[59,128175,3374],{"class":77},[59,128177,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128179,64727],{"class":65},[59,128181,70],{"class":69},[59,128183,42642],{"class":65},[59,128185,358],{"class":73},[59,128187,128188],{"class":142},"find",[59,128190,139],{"class":73},[59,128192,78],{"class":77},[59,128194,60398],{"class":81},[59,128196,78],{"class":77},[59,128198,165],{"class":73},[59,128200,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128202,715],{"class":135},[59,128204,139],{"class":73},[59,128206,64754],{"class":142},[59,128208,3675],{"class":73},[59,128210,128211],{"class":3678},"   # 6\n",[59,128213,128214],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128215,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128217,128218,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,128219,128220],{"class":65},"missing ",[59,128222,70],{"class":69},[59,128224,42642],{"class":65},[59,128226,358],{"class":73},[59,128228,128188],{"class":142},[59,128230,139],{"class":73},[59,128232,78],{"class":77},[59,128234,54],{"class":81},[59,128236,78],{"class":77},[59,128238,165],{"class":73},[59,128240,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,128242,715],{"class":135},[59,128244,139],{"class":73},[59,128246,26763],{"class":142},[59,128248,3675],{"class":73},[59,128250,128251],{"class":3678},"    # -1\n",[43381,128253,128254],{},[20,128255,201,128256,128258,128259,128261],{},[15,128257,124158],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128260,65662],{}," if the substring is not found.",[45,128263,208,128265,211],{"id":128264},"what-find-does",[15,128266,124158],{},[20,128268,128269,128271],{},[15,128270,124158],{}," is a string method that:",[29,128273,128274,128277,128280,128285],{},[32,128275,128276],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[32,128278,128279],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[32,128281,11426,128282,128284],{},[15,128283,65662],{}," if no match is found",[32,128286,126349],{},[20,128288,239],{},[50,128290,128292],{"className":52,"code":128291,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128293,128294,128306,128310,128334,128358],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128295,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128297,34675],{"class":65},[59,128299,70],{"class":69},[59,128301,90],{"class":77},[59,128303,597],{"class":81},[59,128305,3374],{"class":77},[59,128307,128308],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128309,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128311,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128313,715],{"class":135},[59,128315,139],{"class":73},[59,128317,34696],{"class":142},[59,128319,358],{"class":73},[59,128321,128188],{"class":142},[59,128323,139],{"class":73},[59,128325,78],{"class":77},[59,128327,123256],{"class":81},[59,128329,78],{"class":77},[59,128331,5369],{"class":73},[59,128333,57451],{"class":3678},[59,128335,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128337,715],{"class":135},[59,128339,139],{"class":73},[59,128341,34696],{"class":142},[59,128343,358],{"class":73},[59,128345,128188],{"class":142},[59,128347,139],{"class":73},[59,128349,78],{"class":77},[59,128351,1260],{"class":81},[59,128353,78],{"class":77},[59,128355,5369],{"class":73},[59,128357,128251],{"class":3678},[59,128359,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,128361,715],{"class":135},[59,128363,139],{"class":73},[59,128365,34696],{"class":142},[59,128367,3675],{"class":73},[59,128369,128370],{"class":3678},"              # banana\n",[20,128372,20770,128373,128376,128377,358],{},[15,128374,128375],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128378,195],{},[45,128380,362],{"id":361},[20,128382,365],{},[50,128384,128386],{"className":52,"code":128385,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128387,128388],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128389,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128391,60981],{"class":65},[59,128393,358],{"class":73},[59,128395,128188],{"class":142},[59,128397,139],{"class":73},[59,128399,1217],{"class":142},[59,128401,87],{"class":73},[59,128403,386],{"class":142},[59,128405,87],{"class":73},[59,128407,64848],{"class":142},[59,128409,165],{"class":73},[1127,128411,17395],{"id":17394},[29,128413,128414,128418,128423],{},[32,128415,128416,123355],{},[15,128417,1217],{},[32,128419,128420,128422],{},[15,128421,407],{},": optional starting position",[32,128424,128425,128427],{},[15,128426,52465],{},": optional ending position",[20,128429,128430,4408,128432,128434],{},[15,128431,407],{},[15,128433,52465],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128436,126492],{},[50,128438,128440],{"className":52,"code":128439,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128441,128442,128454,128458,128483,128512],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128445,34675],{"class":65},[59,128447,70],{"class":69},[59,128449,90],{"class":77},[59,128451,60213],{"class":81},[59,128453,3374],{"class":77},[59,128455,128456],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128457,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128459,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128461,715],{"class":135},[59,128463,139],{"class":73},[59,128465,34696],{"class":142},[59,128467,358],{"class":73},[59,128469,128188],{"class":142},[59,128471,139],{"class":73},[59,128473,78],{"class":77},[59,128475,60280],{"class":81},[59,128477,78],{"class":77},[59,128479,5369],{"class":73},[59,128481,128482],{"class":3678},"        # 4\n",[59,128484,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128486,715],{"class":135},[59,128488,139],{"class":73},[59,128490,34696],{"class":142},[59,128492,358],{"class":73},[59,128494,128188],{"class":142},[59,128496,139],{"class":73},[59,128498,78],{"class":77},[59,128500,60280],{"class":81},[59,128502,78],{"class":77},[59,128504,87],{"class":73},[59,128506,4621],{"class":178},[59,128508,5369],{"class":73},[59,128510,128511],{"class":3678},"     # 7\n",[59,128513,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,128515,715],{"class":135},[59,128517,139],{"class":73},[59,128519,34696],{"class":142},[59,128521,358],{"class":73},[59,128523,128188],{"class":142},[59,128525,139],{"class":73},[59,128527,78],{"class":77},[59,128529,60280],{"class":81},[59,128531,78],{"class":77},[59,128533,87],{"class":73},[59,128535,4621],{"class":178},[59,128537,87],{"class":73},[59,128539,6000],{"class":178},[59,128541,5369],{"class":73},[59,128543,128544],{"class":3678},"  # -1\n",[45,128546,37818],{"id":37817},[20,128548,57350,128549,128551],{},[15,128550,124158],{}," is always an integer.",[29,128553,128554,128560,128563],{},[32,128555,128556,128557,128559],{},"A number ",[15,128558,179],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[32,128561,128562],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[32,128564,128565,128567],{},[15,128566,65662],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128569,239],{},[50,128571,128573],{"className":52,"code":128572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128574,128575,128587,128591,128616,128641],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128576,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128578,34675],{"class":65},[59,128580,70],{"class":69},[59,128582,90],{"class":77},[59,128584,54],{"class":81},[59,128586,3374],{"class":77},[59,128588,128589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128590,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128592,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128610,128612,128614],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128594,715],{"class":135},[59,128596,139],{"class":73},[59,128598,34696],{"class":142},[59,128600,358],{"class":73},[59,128602,128188],{"class":142},[59,128604,139],{"class":73},[59,128606,78],{"class":77},[59,128608,128609],{"class":81},"py",[59,128611,78],{"class":77},[59,128613,5369],{"class":73},[59,128615,20767],{"class":3678},[59,128617,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128635,128637,128639],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128619,715],{"class":135},[59,128621,139],{"class":73},[59,128623,34696],{"class":142},[59,128625,358],{"class":73},[59,128627,128188],{"class":142},[59,128629,139],{"class":73},[59,128631,78],{"class":77},[59,128633,128634],{"class":81},"th",[59,128636,78],{"class":77},[59,128638,5369],{"class":73},[59,128640,57451],{"class":3678},[59,128642,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,128644,715],{"class":135},[59,128646,139],{"class":73},[59,128648,34696],{"class":142},[59,128650,358],{"class":73},[59,128652,128188],{"class":142},[59,128654,139],{"class":73},[59,128656,78],{"class":77},[59,128658,22074],{"class":81},[59,128660,78],{"class":77},[59,128662,5369],{"class":73},[59,128664,128251],{"class":3678},[20,128666,89718,128667,8459,128669,2896,128671,358],{},[15,128668,124158],{},[15,128670,3619],{},[15,128672,3689],{},[20,128674,128675],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[45,128677,1599,128678,4408,128680],{"id":65214},[15,128679,407],{},[15,128681,52465],{},[20,128683,201,128684,128686],{},[15,128685,407],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128688,201,128689,128691],{},[15,128690,52465],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128693,2005,128694,75270,128696,128698],{},[15,128695,52465],{},[549,128697,64877],{}," in the search.",[50,128700,128702],{"className":52,"code":128701,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128703,128704,128717,128721,128745,128774,128806],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128705,128706,128708,128710,128712,128715],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128707,34675],{"class":65},[59,128709,70],{"class":69},[59,128711,90],{"class":77},[59,128713,128714],{"class":81},"one two three two",[59,128716,3374],{"class":77},[59,128718,128719],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128720,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128722,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128724,715],{"class":135},[59,128726,139],{"class":73},[59,128728,34696],{"class":142},[59,128730,358],{"class":73},[59,128732,128188],{"class":142},[59,128734,139],{"class":73},[59,128736,78],{"class":77},[59,128738,79079],{"class":81},[59,128740,78],{"class":77},[59,128742,5369],{"class":73},[59,128744,128482],{"class":3678},[59,128746,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128748,715],{"class":135},[59,128750,139],{"class":73},[59,128752,34696],{"class":142},[59,128754,358],{"class":73},[59,128756,128188],{"class":142},[59,128758,139],{"class":73},[59,128760,78],{"class":77},[59,128762,79079],{"class":81},[59,128764,78],{"class":77},[59,128766,87],{"class":73},[59,128768,4621],{"class":178},[59,128770,5369],{"class":73},[59,128772,128773],{"class":3678},"     # 14\n",[59,128775,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,128777,715],{"class":135},[59,128779,139],{"class":73},[59,128781,34696],{"class":142},[59,128783,358],{"class":73},[59,128785,128188],{"class":142},[59,128787,139],{"class":73},[59,128789,78],{"class":77},[59,128791,79079],{"class":81},[59,128793,78],{"class":77},[59,128795,87],{"class":73},[59,128797,3848],{"class":178},[59,128799,87],{"class":73},[59,128801,6000],{"class":178},[59,128803,5369],{"class":73},[59,128805,50739],{"class":3678},[59,128807,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,128809,715],{"class":135},[59,128811,139],{"class":73},[59,128813,34696],{"class":142},[59,128815,358],{"class":73},[59,128817,128188],{"class":142},[59,128819,139],{"class":73},[59,128821,78],{"class":77},[59,128823,79079],{"class":81},[59,128825,78],{"class":77},[59,128827,87],{"class":73},[59,128829,3848],{"class":178},[59,128831,87],{"class":73},[59,128833,2475],{"class":178},[59,128835,5369],{"class":73},[59,128837,128544],{"class":3678},[20,128839,128840],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128842,128843,128844,54874,128848,358],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[354,128845,128847],{"href":128846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[354,128849,128851,128853],{"href":128850},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128852,60338],{}," string method",[45,128855,123810],{"id":123809},[20,128857,128858,123621],{},[15,128859,124158],{},[20,128861,127208,128862,4408,128864,128866],{},[15,128863,90226],{},[15,128865,64342],{}," are treated as different text.",[50,128868,128870],{"className":52,"code":128869,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128871,128872,128885,128889,128913],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128873,128874,128876,128878,128880,128883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128875,34675],{"class":65},[59,128877,70],{"class":69},[59,128879,90],{"class":77},[59,128881,128882],{"class":81},"Hello World",[59,128884,3374],{"class":77},[59,128886,128887],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128888,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128890,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128892,715],{"class":135},[59,128894,139],{"class":73},[59,128896,34696],{"class":142},[59,128898,358],{"class":73},[59,128900,128188],{"class":142},[59,128902,139],{"class":73},[59,128904,78],{"class":77},[59,128906,34855],{"class":81},[59,128908,78],{"class":77},[59,128910,5369],{"class":73},[59,128912,51051],{"class":3678},[59,128914,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,128916,715],{"class":135},[59,128918,139],{"class":73},[59,128920,34696],{"class":142},[59,128922,358],{"class":73},[59,128924,128188],{"class":142},[59,128926,139],{"class":73},[59,128928,78],{"class":77},[59,128930,3860],{"class":81},[59,128932,78],{"class":77},[59,128934,5369],{"class":73},[59,128936,128544],{"class":3678},[20,128938,128939],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[50,128941,128943],{"className":52,"code":128942,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128944,128945,128957,128961],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,128946,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,128948,34675],{"class":65},[59,128950,70],{"class":69},[59,128952,90],{"class":77},[59,128954,128882],{"class":81},[59,128956,3374],{"class":77},[59,128958,128959],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,128960,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,128962,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,128964,715],{"class":135},[59,128966,139],{"class":73},[59,128968,34696],{"class":142},[59,128970,358],{"class":73},[59,128972,8644],{"class":142},[59,128974,8641],{"class":73},[59,128976,128188],{"class":142},[59,128978,139],{"class":73},[59,128980,78],{"class":77},[59,128982,3860],{"class":81},[59,128984,78],{"class":77},[59,128986,5369],{"class":73},[59,128988,51051],{"class":3678},[45,128990,128992,10586,128994],{"id":128991},"find-vs-index",[15,128993,124158],{},[15,128995,58774],{},[20,128997,128998,4408,129000,129002],{},[15,128999,124158],{},[15,129001,58774],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[29,129004,129005,129011],{},[32,129006,129007,2414,129009],{},[15,129008,124158],{},[15,129010,65662],{},[32,129012,129013,52299,129015],{},[15,129014,58774],{},[15,129016,40503],{},[20,129018,201,129019,129021],{},[15,129020,124158],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129023,201,129024,129026],{},[15,129025,58774],{}," when the value must exist.",[50,129028,129030],{"className":52,"code":129029,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129031,129032,129044,129048],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129033,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129035,34675],{"class":65},[59,129037,70],{"class":69},[59,129039,90],{"class":77},[59,129041,3860],{"class":81},[59,129043,3374],{"class":77},[59,129045,129046],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129047,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129049,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129051,715],{"class":135},[59,129053,139],{"class":73},[59,129055,34696],{"class":142},[59,129057,358],{"class":73},[59,129059,128188],{"class":142},[59,129061,139],{"class":73},[59,129063,78],{"class":77},[59,129065,1260],{"class":81},[59,129067,78],{"class":77},[59,129069,5369],{"class":73},[59,129071,129072],{"class":3678},"   # -1\n",[50,129074,129076],{"className":52,"code":129075,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129077,129078,129090,129094],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129079,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129081,34675],{"class":65},[59,129083,70],{"class":69},[59,129085,90],{"class":77},[59,129087,3860],{"class":81},[59,129089,3374],{"class":77},[59,129091,129092],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129093,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129095,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129097,715],{"class":135},[59,129099,139],{"class":73},[59,129101,34696],{"class":142},[59,129103,358],{"class":73},[59,129105,157],{"class":142},[59,129107,139],{"class":73},[59,129109,78],{"class":77},[59,129111,1260],{"class":81},[59,129113,78],{"class":77},[59,129115,5369],{"class":73},[59,129117,129118],{"class":3678},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129120,129121,129122,129126,129127,129129,129130,358],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[354,129123,129124,128853],{"href":124183},[15,129125,58774],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129128,58774],{},", read ",[354,129131,25669,129132],{"href":73290},[15,129133,129134],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[45,129136,40845],{"id":40844},[20,129138,35394,129139,129141],{},[15,129140,124158],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[29,129143,129144,129147,129150,129153],{},[32,129145,129146],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[32,129148,129149],{},"Get the position of a word",[32,129151,129152],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[32,129154,129155],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129157,129158],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[50,129160,129162],{"className":52,"code":129161,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129163,129164,129177,129200,129204,129219,129235,129254,129268],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129165,129166,129168,129170,129172,129175],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129167,34675],{"class":65},[59,129169,70],{"class":69},[59,129171,90],{"class":77},[59,129173,129174],{"class":81},"name:Alice",[59,129176,3374],{"class":77},[59,129178,129179,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129180,129181],{"class":65},"colon_pos ",[59,129183,70],{"class":69},[59,129185,42642],{"class":65},[59,129187,358],{"class":73},[59,129189,128188],{"class":142},[59,129191,139],{"class":73},[59,129193,78],{"class":77},[59,129195,1002],{"class":81},[59,129197,78],{"class":77},[59,129199,165],{"class":73},[59,129201,129202],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129203,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129205,129206,129208,129211,129213,129215,129217],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,129207,7004],{"class":120},[59,129209,129210],{"class":65}," colon_pos ",[59,129212,72400],{"class":69},[59,129214,2241],{"class":69},[59,129216,187],{"class":178},[59,129218,1561],{"class":73},[59,129220,129221,129224,129226,129228,129230,129233],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,129222,129223],{"class":65},"    label ",[59,129225,70],{"class":69},[59,129227,42642],{"class":65},[59,129229,75343],{"class":73},[59,129231,129232],{"class":65},"colon_pos",[59,129234,107],{"class":73},[59,129236,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,129238,27391],{"class":65},[59,129240,70],{"class":69},[59,129242,42642],{"class":65},[59,129244,3914],{"class":73},[59,129246,129181],{"class":65},[59,129248,2084],{"class":69},[59,129250,5506],{"class":178},[59,129252,129253],{"class":73},":]\n",[59,129255,129256,129258,129260,129263,129265],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,129257,152],{"class":135},[59,129259,139],{"class":73},[59,129261,129262],{"class":142},"label",[59,129264,3675],{"class":73},[59,129266,129267],{"class":3678},"  # name\n",[59,129269,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,129271,152],{"class":135},[59,129273,139],{"class":73},[59,129275,1217],{"class":142},[59,129277,3675],{"class":73},[59,129279,129280],{"class":3678},"  # Alice\n",[20,129282,129283,129284,358],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[354,129285,127199],{"href":123418},[45,129287,1579],{"id":1578},[20,129289,129290,129291,1002],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129292,124158],{},[29,129294,129295,129304,129310,129315,129321],{},[32,129296,8456,129297,8459,129299,2896,129301,129303],{},[15,129298,124158],{},[15,129300,3619],{},[15,129302,3689],{}," instead of an index",[32,129305,129306,129307,129309],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129308,65662],{}," when the substring is missing",[32,129311,1599,129312,129314],{},[15,129313,124158],{}," without handling case differences",[32,129316,1605,129317,1608,129319],{},[15,129318,124158],{},[15,129320,58774],{},[32,129322,4595,129323,129325],{},[15,129324,124158],{}," changes the string",[20,129327,129328],{},"Example of a mistake:",[50,129330,129332],{"className":52,"code":129331,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129333,129334,129346,129350,129370,129385,129391],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129335,129336,129338,129340,129342,129344],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129337,34675],{"class":65},[59,129339,70],{"class":69},[59,129341,90],{"class":77},[59,129343,3860],{"class":81},[59,129345,3374],{"class":77},[59,129347,129348],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129349,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129351,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129353,7004],{"class":120},[59,129355,42642],{"class":65},[59,129357,358],{"class":73},[59,129359,128188],{"class":142},[59,129361,139],{"class":73},[59,129363,78],{"class":77},[59,129365,60245],{"class":81},[59,129367,78],{"class":77},[59,129369,146],{"class":73},[59,129371,129372,129374,129376,129378,129381,129383],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,129373,152],{"class":135},[59,129375,139],{"class":73},[59,129377,78],{"class":77},[59,129379,129380],{"class":81},"Found",[59,129382,78],{"class":77},[59,129384,165],{"class":73},[59,129386,129387,129389],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,129388,27424],{"class":120},[59,129390,1561],{"class":73},[59,129392,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,129394,152],{"class":135},[59,129396,139],{"class":73},[59,129398,78],{"class":77},[59,129400,26305],{"class":81},[59,129402,78],{"class":77},[59,129404,165],{"class":73},[20,129406,99724],{},[50,129408,129410],{"className":52,"code":129409,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Not found\n",[15,129411,129412],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129413,129414],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129415,129409],{"class":65},[20,129417,45505,129418,129421,129422,17072,129424,129426,129427,129429],{},[15,129419,129420],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129423,179],{},[15,129425,179],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129428,7004],{}," statement.",[20,129431,129432],{},"A safer version is:",[50,129434,129436],{"className":52,"code":129435,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129437,129438,129450,129454,129483,129497,129503],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129439,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129441,34675],{"class":65},[59,129443,70],{"class":69},[59,129445,90],{"class":77},[59,129447,3860],{"class":81},[59,129449,3374],{"class":77},[59,129451,129452],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129453,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129455,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129477,129479,129481],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129457,7004],{"class":120},[59,129459,42642],{"class":65},[59,129461,358],{"class":73},[59,129463,128188],{"class":142},[59,129465,139],{"class":73},[59,129467,78],{"class":77},[59,129469,60245],{"class":81},[59,129471,78],{"class":77},[59,129473,3675],{"class":73},[59,129475,129476],{"class":69}," !=",[59,129478,2241],{"class":69},[59,129480,187],{"class":178},[59,129482,1561],{"class":73},[59,129484,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,129486,152],{"class":135},[59,129488,139],{"class":73},[59,129490,78],{"class":77},[59,129492,129380],{"class":81},[59,129494,78],{"class":77},[59,129496,165],{"class":73},[59,129498,129499,129501],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,129500,27424],{"class":120},[59,129502,1561],{"class":73},[59,129504,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,129506,152],{"class":135},[59,129508,139],{"class":73},[59,129510,78],{"class":77},[59,129512,26305],{"class":81},[59,129514,78],{"class":77},[59,129516,165],{"class":73},[20,129518,129519],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[50,129521,129523],{"className":52,"code":129522,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129524,129525,129547,129561,129587,129601],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129526,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129528,715],{"class":135},[59,129530,139],{"class":73},[59,129532,34696],{"class":142},[59,129534,358],{"class":73},[59,129536,128188],{"class":142},[59,129538,139],{"class":73},[59,129540,1725],{"class":77},[59,129542,38189],{"class":81},[59,129544,1725],{"class":77},[59,129546,710],{"class":73},[59,129548,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129550,715],{"class":135},[59,129552,139],{"class":73},[59,129554,41579],{"class":135},[59,129556,139],{"class":73},[59,129558,34696],{"class":142},[59,129560,710],{"class":73},[59,129562,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129564,715],{"class":135},[59,129566,139],{"class":73},[59,129568,34696],{"class":142},[59,129570,358],{"class":73},[59,129572,8644],{"class":142},[59,129574,8641],{"class":73},[59,129576,128188],{"class":142},[59,129578,139],{"class":73},[59,129580,1725],{"class":77},[59,129582,38189],{"class":81},[59,129584,1725],{"class":77},[59,129586,710],{"class":73},[59,129588,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,129590,715],{"class":135},[59,129592,139],{"class":73},[59,129594,11163],{"class":135},[59,129596,139],{"class":73},[59,129598,34696],{"class":142},[59,129600,710],{"class":73},[59,129602,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,129604,715],{"class":135},[59,129606,139],{"class":73},[59,129608,34696],{"class":142},[59,129610,358],{"class":73},[59,129612,128188],{"class":142},[59,129614,139],{"class":73},[59,129616,1725],{"class":77},[59,129618,38189],{"class":81},[59,129620,1725],{"class":77},[59,129622,87],{"class":73},[59,129624,386],{"class":142},[59,129626,87],{"class":73},[59,129628,64848],{"class":142},[59,129630,710],{"class":73},[20,129632,129633],{},"These help you check:",[29,129635,129636,129641,129646,129651,129654],{},[32,129637,129638,129639],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129640,124158],{},[32,129642,129643,129644],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129645,122377],{},[32,129647,129648,129649],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129650,123893],{},[32,129652,129653],{},"The string length",[32,129655,129656,129657,4408,129659,129661],{},"Whether your ",[15,129658,407],{},[15,129660,52465],{}," values are correct",[45,129663,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,129665,129667,129668,129670],{"id":129666},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129669,124158],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129672,5159,129673,358],{},[15,129674,65662],{},[1127,129676,1882,129678,129680],{"id":129677},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129679,124158],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129682,129683],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1127,129685,129687,129688,124499],{"id":129686},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129689,124158],{},[20,129691,129692],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1127,129694,5190,129696,4408,129698,69463],{"id":129695},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129697,124158],{},[15,129699,58774],{},[20,129701,129702,2414,129704,129706,129707,52299,129709,358],{},[15,129703,124158],{},[15,129705,65662],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129708,58774],{},[15,129710,40503],{},[1127,129712,28318,129714,129716],{"id":129713},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129715,124158],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129718,129719,129720,4408,129722,65961],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129721,407],{},[15,129723,52465],{},[45,129725,1927],{"id":1926},[29,129727,129728,129734,129740,129747,129753,129760,129764,129769],{},[32,129729,129730],{},[354,129731,126163,129732,10742],{"href":124183},[15,129733,58774],{},[32,129735,129736],{},[354,129737,126163,129738,10742],{"href":128850},[15,129739,60338],{},[32,129741,129742],{},[354,129743,126163,129745,10742],{"href":129744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129746,124334],{},[32,129748,129749],{},[354,129750,126163,129751,10742],{"href":127528},[15,129752,127531],{},[32,129754,129755],{},[354,129756,126163,129758,10742],{"href":129757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129759,126221],{},[32,129761,129762],{},[354,129763,124562],{"href":123418},[32,129765,129766],{},[354,129767,129768],{"href":128846},"How to split a string in Python",[32,129770,129771],{},[354,129772,26112,129773],{"href":73290},[15,129774,129134],{},[1953,129776,129777],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":129779},[129780,129782,129785,129786,129787,129788,129790,129791,129792,129804],{"id":128264,"depth":110,"text":129781},"What find() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":129783},[129784],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":37817,"depth":110,"text":37818},{"id":65214,"depth":110,"text":65997},{"id":123809,"depth":110,"text":123810},{"id":128991,"depth":110,"text":129789},"find() vs index()",{"id":40844,"depth":110,"text":40845},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":129793},[129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"id":129666,"depth":117,"text":129795},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129677,"depth":117,"text":129797},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129686,"depth":117,"text":129799},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129695,"depth":117,"text":129801},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129713,"depth":117,"text":129803},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128136,"description":129805},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129812,"title":129813,"body":129814,"description":131740,"extension":1988,"meta":131741,"navigation":113,"path":131742,"seo":131743,"stem":131744,"__hash__":131745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129815,"toc":131708},[129816,129821,129826,129829,129831,129907,129911,129939,129947,129951,129956,129960,129977,129979,130046,130050,130072,130080,130082,130085,130109,130112,130126,130128,130213,130217,130229,130232,130236,130242,130292,130296,130313,130322,130325,130333,130336,130385,130389,130414,130417,130472,130476,130488,130494,130498,130504,130509,130576,130580,130606,130609,130620,130622,130689,130693,130718,130725,130729,130734,130741,130749,130751,130803,130807,130825,130827,130872,130876,130891,130894,130904,130911,130913,130917,130920,130931,130933,130993,130997,131025,131028,131034,131039,131042,131046,131090,131093,131131,131134,131142,131144,131149,131153,131156,131204,131207,131210,131266,131270,131275,131278,131327,131329,131378,131384,131389,131391,131438,131442,131455,131457,131508,131514,131517,131521,131524,131530,131535,131537,131540,131612,131615,131632,131634,131639,131642,131646,131652,131658,131665,131671,131677,131679,131705],[10,129817,123163,129819,11324],{"id":129818},"python-string-format-method",[15,129820,126166],{},[20,129822,123168,129823,129825],{},[15,129824,126166],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129827,129828],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[45,129830,48],{"id":47},[50,129832,129834],{"className":52,"code":129833,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129835,129836,129848,129856,129860,129897],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129837,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129839,7882],{"class":65},[59,129841,70],{"class":69},[59,129843,90],{"class":77},[59,129845,11512],{"class":81},[59,129847,3374],{"class":77},[59,129849,129850,129852,129854],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,129851,21626],{"class":65},[59,129853,70],{"class":69},[59,129855,88607],{"class":178},[59,129857,129858],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,129859,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,129861,129862,129864,129866,129868,129871,129873,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,129863,89815],{"class":65},[59,129865,70],{"class":69},[59,129867,90],{"class":77},[59,129869,129870],{"class":81},"My name is ",[59,129872,3806],{"class":178},[59,129874,129875],{"class":81}," and I am ",[59,129877,3806],{"class":178},[59,129879,122159],{"class":81},[59,129881,78],{"class":77},[59,129883,358],{"class":73},[59,129885,129886],{"class":142},"format",[59,129888,139],{"class":73},[59,129890,7676],{"class":142},[59,129892,87],{"class":73},[59,129894,9192],{"class":142},[59,129896,165],{"class":73},[59,129898,129899,129901,129903,129905],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,129900,715],{"class":135},[59,129902,139],{"class":73},[59,129904,89832],{"class":142},[59,129906,165],{"class":73},[20,129908,129909],{},[549,129910,168],{},[50,129912,129914],{"className":52,"code":129913,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129915,129916],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129917,129918,129921,129923,129926,129929,129932,129935,129937],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129919,129920],{"class":65},"My name ",[59,129922,12196],{"class":69},[59,129924,129925],{"class":65}," Maya ",[59,129927,129928],{"class":69},"and",[59,129930,129931],{"class":65}," I am ",[59,129933,129934],{"class":178},"12",[59,129936,122192],{"class":65},[59,129938,122195],{"class":73},[20,129940,201,129941,129943,129944,129946],{},[15,129942,3806],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129945,126166],{}," in the same order.",[20,129948,124915,129949,358],{},[354,129950,124918],{"href":50779},[45,129952,12998,129954,13001],{"id":129953},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129955,126166],{},[20,129957,2005,129958,11415],{},[15,129959,126166],{},[29,129961,129962,129965,129971,129974],{},[32,129963,129964],{},"inserts values into a string",[32,129966,129967,129968,129970],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129969,3806],{}," with given values",[32,129972,129973],{},"returns a new string",[32,129975,129976],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129978,239],{},[50,129980,129982],{"className":52,"code":129981,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129983,129984,129998,130021,130025,130036],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,129985,129986,129988,129990,129992,129994,129996],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,129987,34675],{"class":65},[59,129989,70],{"class":69},[59,129991,90],{"class":77},[59,129993,44703],{"class":81},[59,129995,3806],{"class":178},[59,129997,3374],{"class":77},[59,129999,130000,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130001,130002],{"class":65},"new_text ",[59,130004,70],{"class":69},[59,130006,42642],{"class":65},[59,130008,358],{"class":73},[59,130010,129886],{"class":142},[59,130012,139],{"class":73},[59,130014,78],{"class":77},[59,130016,7685],{"class":81},[59,130018,78],{"class":77},[59,130020,165],{"class":73},[59,130022,130023],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,130024,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,130026,130027,130029,130031,130034],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,130028,715],{"class":135},[59,130030,139],{"class":73},[59,130032,130033],{"class":142},"new_text",[59,130035,165],{"class":73},[59,130037,130038,130040,130042,130044],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,130039,715],{"class":135},[59,130041,139],{"class":73},[59,130043,34696],{"class":142},[59,130045,165],{"class":73},[20,130047,130048],{},[549,130049,168],{},[50,130051,130053],{"className":52,"code":130052,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130054,130055,130064],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130056,130057,130059,130061],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130058,34855],{"class":65},[59,130060,87],{"class":73},[59,130062,130063],{"class":65}," Sam\n",[59,130065,130066,130068,130070],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130067,34855],{"class":65},[59,130069,87],{"class":73},[59,130071,9838],{"class":73},[20,130073,2303,130074,130076,130077,130079],{},[15,130075,34696],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130078,126166],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[45,130081,362],{"id":361},[20,130083,130084],{},"The general form is:",[50,130086,130088],{"className":52,"code":130087,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130089,130090],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130091,130092,130094,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130093,78],{"class":43129},[59,130095,130096],{"class":43133},"text {}",[59,130098,78],{"class":43129},[59,130100,358],{"class":73},[59,130102,129886],{"class":142},[59,130104,139],{"class":73},[59,130106,1217],{"class":142},[59,130108,165],{"class":73},[20,130110,130111],{},"Key idea:",[29,130113,130114,130120,130123],{},[32,130115,130116,130117,130119],{},"each ",[15,130118,3806],{}," is a placeholder",[32,130121,130122],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[32,130124,130125],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130127,239],{},[50,130129,130131],{"className":52,"code":130130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130132,130133,130146,130160,130164,130202],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130134,130135,130138,130140,130142,130144],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130136,130137],{"class":65},"animal ",[59,130139,70],{"class":69},[59,130141,90],{"class":77},[59,130143,1439],{"class":81},[59,130145,3374],{"class":77},[59,130147,130148,130151,130153,130155,130158],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130149,130150],{"class":65},"sound ",[59,130152,70],{"class":69},[59,130154,90],{"class":77},[59,130156,130157],{"class":81},"meow",[59,130159,3374],{"class":77},[59,130161,130162],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,130163,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,130165,130166,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192,130195,130197,130200],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,130167,130168],{"class":65},"sentence ",[59,130170,70],{"class":69},[59,130172,90],{"class":77},[59,130174,2005],{"class":81},[59,130176,3806],{"class":178},[59,130178,130179],{"class":81}," says ",[59,130181,3806],{"class":178},[59,130183,358],{"class":81},[59,130185,78],{"class":77},[59,130187,358],{"class":73},[59,130189,129886],{"class":142},[59,130191,139],{"class":73},[59,130193,130194],{"class":142},"animal",[59,130196,87],{"class":73},[59,130198,130199],{"class":142}," sound",[59,130201,165],{"class":73},[59,130203,130204,130206,130208,130211],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,130205,715],{"class":135},[59,130207,139],{"class":73},[59,130209,130210],{"class":142},"sentence",[59,130212,165],{"class":73},[20,130214,130215],{},[549,130216,168],{},[50,130218,130220],{"className":52,"code":130219,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130221,130222],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130223,130224,130227],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130225,130226],{"class":65},"The cat says meow",[59,130228,122195],{"class":73},[20,130230,130231],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[45,130233,130235],{"id":130234},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130237,130238,130239,130241],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130240,3806],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[50,130243,130245],{"className":52,"code":130244,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130246,130247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130248,130249,130251,130253,130255,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130279,130281,130283,130285,130288,130290],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130250,715],{"class":135},[59,130252,139],{"class":73},[59,130254,78],{"class":77},[59,130256,130257],{"class":81},"I like ",[59,130259,3806],{"class":178},[59,130261,4408],{"class":81},[59,130263,3806],{"class":178},[59,130265,358],{"class":81},[59,130267,78],{"class":77},[59,130269,358],{"class":73},[59,130271,129886],{"class":142},[59,130273,139],{"class":73},[59,130275,78],{"class":77},[59,130277,130278],{"class":81},"pizza",[59,130280,78],{"class":77},[59,130282,87],{"class":73},[59,130284,90],{"class":77},[59,130286,130287],{"class":81},"pasta",[59,130289,78],{"class":77},[59,130291,710],{"class":73},[20,130293,130294],{},[549,130295,168],{},[50,130297,130299],{"className":52,"code":130298,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130300,130301],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130302,130303,130306,130308,130311],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130304,130305],{"class":65},"I like pizza ",[59,130307,129928],{"class":69},[59,130309,130310],{"class":65}," pasta",[59,130312,122195],{"class":73},[20,130314,130315,130316,4408,130319,358],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130317,130318],{},"{0}",[15,130320,130321],{},"{1}",[20,130323,130324],{},"This is helpful when:",[29,130326,130327,130330],{},[32,130328,130329],{},"you want to reuse a value",[32,130331,130332],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130334,130335],{},"Example with reused values:",[50,130337,130339],{"className":52,"code":130338,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130340,130341,130375],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130342,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130354,130356,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130344,34675],{"class":65},[59,130346,70],{"class":69},[59,130348,90],{"class":77},[59,130350,130318],{"class":178},[59,130352,130353],{"class":81}," is learning Python. ",[59,130355,130318],{"class":178},[59,130357,130358],{"class":81}," likes coding.",[59,130360,78],{"class":77},[59,130362,358],{"class":73},[59,130364,129886],{"class":142},[59,130366,139],{"class":73},[59,130368,78],{"class":77},[59,130370,19881],{"class":81},[59,130372,78],{"class":77},[59,130374,165],{"class":73},[59,130376,130377,130379,130381,130383],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130378,715],{"class":135},[59,130380,139],{"class":73},[59,130382,34696],{"class":142},[59,130384,165],{"class":73},[20,130386,130387],{},[549,130388,168],{},[50,130390,130392],{"className":52,"code":130391,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130393,130394],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130395,130396,130399,130401,130404,130406,130409,130412],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130397,130398],{"class":65},"Lina ",[59,130400,12196],{"class":69},[59,130402,130403],{"class":65}," learning Python",[59,130405,358],{"class":73},[59,130407,130408],{"class":929}," Lina",[59,130410,130411],{"class":65}," likes coding",[59,130413,122195],{"class":73},[20,130415,130416],{},"Example with changed order:",[50,130418,130420],{"className":52,"code":130419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130421,130422,130462],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130423,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130425,34675],{"class":65},[59,130427,70],{"class":69},[59,130429,90],{"class":77},[59,130431,130321],{"class":178},[59,130433,83134],{"class":81},[59,130435,130318],{"class":178},[59,130437,358],{"class":81},[59,130439,78],{"class":77},[59,130441,358],{"class":73},[59,130443,129886],{"class":142},[59,130445,139],{"class":73},[59,130447,78],{"class":77},[59,130449,6592],{"class":81},[59,130451,78],{"class":77},[59,130453,87],{"class":73},[59,130455,90],{"class":77},[59,130457,79079],{"class":81},[59,130459,78],{"class":77},[59,130461,165],{"class":73},[59,130463,130464,130466,130468,130470],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130465,715],{"class":135},[59,130467,139],{"class":73},[59,130469,34696],{"class":142},[59,130471,165],{"class":73},[20,130473,130474],{},[549,130475,168],{},[50,130477,130479],{"className":52,"code":130478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130480,130481],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130482,130483,130486],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130484,130485],{"class":65},"two comes after one",[59,130487,122195],{"class":73},[20,130489,130490,130491,130493],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130492,3806],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[45,130495,130497],{"id":130496},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130499,130500,130501,358],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130502,130503],{},"{name}",[20,130505,130506,130507,1002],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130508,126166],{},[50,130510,130512],{"className":52,"code":130511,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130513,130514,130566],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130515,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130526,130529,130532,130534,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130517,34675],{"class":65},[59,130519,70],{"class":69},[59,130521,90],{"class":77},[59,130523,129870],{"class":81},[59,130525,130503],{"class":178},[59,130527,130528],{"class":81}," and I live in ",[59,130530,130531],{"class":178},"{city}",[59,130533,358],{"class":81},[59,130535,78],{"class":77},[59,130537,358],{"class":73},[59,130539,129886],{"class":142},[59,130541,139],{"class":73},[59,130543,7676],{"class":385},[59,130545,70],{"class":69},[59,130547,78],{"class":77},[59,130549,258],{"class":81},[59,130551,78],{"class":77},[59,130553,87],{"class":73},[59,130555,31373],{"class":385},[59,130557,70],{"class":69},[59,130559,78],{"class":77},[59,130561,16031],{"class":81},[59,130563,78],{"class":77},[59,130565,165],{"class":73},[59,130567,130568,130570,130572,130574],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130569,715],{"class":135},[59,130571,139],{"class":73},[59,130573,34696],{"class":142},[59,130575,165],{"class":73},[20,130577,130578],{},[549,130579,168],{},[50,130581,130583],{"className":52,"code":130582,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130584,130585],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130586,130587,130589,130591,130594,130596,130599,130601,130604],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130588,129920],{"class":65},[59,130590,12196],{"class":69},[59,130592,130593],{"class":65}," Ana ",[59,130595,129928],{"class":69},[59,130597,130598],{"class":65}," I live ",[59,130600,132],{"class":69},[59,130602,130603],{"class":65}," Lima",[59,130605,122195],{"class":73},[20,130607,130608],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[29,130610,130611,130614,130617],{},[32,130612,130613],{},"they make code easier to read",[32,130615,130616],{},"they help when a string has many values",[32,130618,130619],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130621,239],{},[50,130623,130625],{"className":52,"code":130624,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130626,130627,130679],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130628,130629,130632,130634,130636,130639,130642,130645,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130665,130667,130669,130672,130674,130677],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130630,130631],{"class":65},"report ",[59,130633,70],{"class":69},[59,130635,90],{"class":77},[59,130637,130638],{"class":81},"Student: ",[59,130640,130641],{"class":178},"{student}",[59,130643,130644],{"class":81},", Score: ",[59,130646,130647],{"class":178},"{score}",[59,130649,78],{"class":77},[59,130651,358],{"class":73},[59,130653,129886],{"class":142},[59,130655,139],{"class":73},[59,130657,13625],{"class":385},[59,130659,70],{"class":69},[59,130661,78],{"class":77},[59,130663,130664],{"class":81},"Noah",[59,130666,78],{"class":77},[59,130668,87],{"class":73},[59,130670,130671],{"class":385}," score",[59,130673,70],{"class":69},[59,130675,130676],{"class":178},"95",[59,130678,165],{"class":73},[59,130680,130681,130683,130685,130687],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130682,715],{"class":135},[59,130684,139],{"class":73},[59,130686,127876],{"class":142},[59,130688,165],{"class":73},[20,130690,130691],{},[549,130692,168],{},[50,130694,130696],{"className":52,"code":130695,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130697,130698],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130699,130700,130703,130705,130708,130710,130713,130715],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130701,130702],{"class":65},"Student",[59,130704,1002],{"class":73},[59,130706,130707],{"class":65}," Noah",[59,130709,87],{"class":73},[59,130711,130712],{"class":65}," Score",[59,130714,1002],{"class":73},[59,130716,130717],{"class":178}," 95\n",[20,130719,130720,130721,358],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[354,130722,13,130723,536],{"href":41975},[15,130724,47486],{},[45,130726,130728],{"id":130727},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130730,130731,130733],{},[15,130732,126166],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130735,130736,130737,130740],{},"A common example is ",[15,130738,130739],{},":.2f",", which means:",[29,130742,130743,130746],{},[32,130744,130745],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[32,130747,130748],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130750,239],{},[50,130752,130754],{"className":52,"code":130753,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130755,130756,130764,130793],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130757,130758,130760,130762],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130759,40186],{"class":65},[59,130761,70],{"class":69},[59,130763,49079],{"class":178},[59,130765,130766,130768,130770,130772,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130767,34675],{"class":65},[59,130769,70],{"class":69},[59,130771,90],{"class":77},[59,130773,130774],{"class":81},"Price: $",[59,130776,893],{"class":178},[59,130778,130739],{"class":887},[59,130780,899],{"class":178},[59,130782,78],{"class":77},[59,130784,358],{"class":73},[59,130786,129886],{"class":142},[59,130788,139],{"class":73},[59,130790,25142],{"class":142},[59,130792,165],{"class":73},[59,130794,130795,130797,130799,130801],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,130796,715],{"class":135},[59,130798,139],{"class":73},[59,130800,34696],{"class":142},[59,130802,165],{"class":73},[20,130804,130805],{},[549,130806,168],{},[50,130808,130810],{"className":52,"code":130809,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130811,130812],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130813,130814,130817,130819,130822],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130815,130816],{"class":65},"Price",[59,130818,1002],{"class":73},[59,130820,130821],{"class":1780}," $",[59,130823,130824],{"class":178},"3.50\n",[20,130826,51884],{},[50,130828,130830],{"className":52,"code":130829,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130831,130832,130842],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130833,130834,130837,130839],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130835,130836],{"class":65},"average ",[59,130838,70],{"class":69},[59,130840,130841],{"class":178}," 91.236\n",[59,130843,130844,130846,130848,130850,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130870],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130845,715],{"class":135},[59,130847,139],{"class":73},[59,130849,78],{"class":77},[59,130851,130852],{"class":81},"Average: ",[59,130854,893],{"class":178},[59,130856,130739],{"class":887},[59,130858,899],{"class":178},[59,130860,78],{"class":77},[59,130862,358],{"class":73},[59,130864,129886],{"class":142},[59,130866,139],{"class":73},[59,130868,130869],{"class":142},"average",[59,130871,710],{"class":73},[20,130873,130874],{},[549,130875,168],{},[50,130877,130879],{"className":52,"code":130878,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130880,130881],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130882,130883,130886,130888],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130884,130885],{"class":65},"Average",[59,130887,1002],{"class":73},[59,130889,130890],{"class":178}," 91.24\n",[20,130892,130893],{},"This is useful for:",[29,130895,130896,130898,130901],{},[32,130897,82892],{},[32,130899,130900],{},"averages",[32,130902,130903],{},"percentages",[20,130905,130906,130907,358],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[354,130908,13,130909,2320],{"href":46251},[15,130910,46254],{},[45,130912,17419],{"id":17418},[20,130914,130915,92329],{},[15,130916,126166],{},[20,130918,130919],{},"That means you can:",[29,130921,130922,130925,130928],{},[32,130923,130924],{},"save it in a variable",[32,130926,130927],{},"print it directly",[32,130929,130930],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130932,239],{},[50,130934,130936],{"className":52,"code":130935,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130937,130938,130969,130979],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,130939,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130965,130967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,130941,89815],{"class":65},[59,130943,70],{"class":69},[59,130945,90],{"class":77},[59,130947,44703],{"class":81},[59,130949,3806],{"class":178},[59,130951,89656],{"class":81},[59,130953,78],{"class":77},[59,130955,358],{"class":73},[59,130957,129886],{"class":142},[59,130959,139],{"class":73},[59,130961,78],{"class":77},[59,130963,130964],{"class":81},"Chris",[59,130966,78],{"class":77},[59,130968,165],{"class":73},[59,130970,130971,130973,130975,130977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,130972,715],{"class":135},[59,130974,139],{"class":73},[59,130976,89832],{"class":142},[59,130978,165],{"class":73},[59,130980,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989,130991],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,130982,715],{"class":135},[59,130984,139],{"class":73},[59,130986,3239],{"class":697},[59,130988,139],{"class":73},[59,130990,89832],{"class":142},[59,130992,710],{"class":73},[20,130994,130995],{},[549,130996,168],{},[50,130998,131000],{"className":52,"code":130999,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131001,131002,131011],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131003,131004,131006,131008],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131005,34855],{"class":65},[59,131007,87],{"class":73},[59,131009,131010],{"class":65}," Chris!\n",[59,131012,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131014,1769],{"class":69},[59,131016,3310],{"class":887},[59,131018,1734],{"class":77},[59,131020,3460],{"class":81},[59,131022,1725],{"class":77},[59,131024,1788],{"class":69},[20,131026,131027],{},"The original string is not changed.",[45,131029,131031,131033],{"id":131030},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131032,126166],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131035,131036,131038],{},[15,131037,126166],{}," is a string method.",[20,131040,131041],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131043,45842,131044,1002],{},[15,131045,126166],{},[50,131047,131049],{"className":52,"code":131048,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131050,131051,131064],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131052,131053,131055,131057,131059,131062],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131054,7882],{"class":65},[59,131056,70],{"class":69},[59,131058,90],{"class":77},[59,131060,131061],{"class":81},"Rita",[59,131063,3374],{"class":77},[59,131065,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131067,715],{"class":135},[59,131069,139],{"class":73},[59,131071,78],{"class":77},[59,131073,44703],{"class":81},[59,131075,3806],{"class":178},[59,131077,89656],{"class":81},[59,131079,78],{"class":77},[59,131081,358],{"class":73},[59,131083,129886],{"class":142},[59,131085,139],{"class":73},[59,131087,7676],{"class":142},[59,131089,710],{"class":73},[20,131091,131092],{},"Example with an f-string:",[50,131094,131096],{"className":52,"code":131095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131097,131098,131110],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131099,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131101,7882],{"class":65},[59,131103,70],{"class":69},[59,131105,90],{"class":77},[59,131107,131061],{"class":81},[59,131109,3374],{"class":77},[59,131111,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131129],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131113,715],{"class":135},[59,131115,139],{"class":73},[59,131117,888],{"class":887},[59,131119,43147],{"class":81},[59,131121,893],{"class":178},[59,131123,7676],{"class":142},[59,131125,899],{"class":178},[59,131127,131128],{"class":81},"!\"",[59,131130,165],{"class":73},[20,131132,131133],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131135,131136,131137,131139,131140,358],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131138,126166],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[354,131141,89501],{"href":89500},[45,131143,1579],{"id":1578},[20,131145,131146,131147,358],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131148,126166],{},[1127,131150,131152],{"id":131151},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131154,131155],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[50,131157,131159],{"className":52,"code":131158,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131160,131161,131194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131162,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131164,34675],{"class":65},[59,131166,70],{"class":69},[59,131168,90],{"class":77},[59,131170,44703],{"class":81},[59,131172,3806],{"class":178},[59,131174,131175],{"class":178}," {}",[59,131177,89656],{"class":81},[59,131179,78],{"class":77},[59,131181,358],{"class":73},[59,131183,129886],{"class":142},[59,131185,139],{"class":73},[59,131187,78],{"class":77},[59,131189,7685],{"class":81},[59,131191,78],{"class":77},[59,131193,165],{"class":73},[59,131195,131196,131198,131200,131202],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131197,715],{"class":135},[59,131199,139],{"class":73},[59,131201,34696],{"class":142},[59,131203,165],{"class":73},[20,131205,131206],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131208,131209],{},"Fixed version:",[50,131211,131213],{"className":52,"code":131212,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131214,131215,131256],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131216,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131252,131254],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131218,34675],{"class":65},[59,131220,70],{"class":69},[59,131222,90],{"class":77},[59,131224,44703],{"class":81},[59,131226,3806],{"class":178},[59,131228,131175],{"class":178},[59,131230,89656],{"class":81},[59,131232,78],{"class":77},[59,131234,358],{"class":73},[59,131236,129886],{"class":142},[59,131238,139],{"class":73},[59,131240,78],{"class":77},[59,131242,7685],{"class":81},[59,131244,78],{"class":77},[59,131246,87],{"class":73},[59,131248,90],{"class":77},[59,131250,131251],{"class":81},"Lee",[59,131253,78],{"class":77},[59,131255,165],{"class":73},[59,131257,131258,131260,131262,131264],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131259,715],{"class":135},[59,131261,139],{"class":73},[59,131263,34696],{"class":142},[59,131265,165],{"class":73},[1127,131267,131269],{"id":131268},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131271,131272,131273,358],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131274,126166],{},[20,131276,131277],{},"Problem:",[50,131279,131281],{"className":52,"code":131280,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131282,131283,131317],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131284,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131286,34675],{"class":65},[59,131288,70],{"class":69},[59,131290,90],{"class":77},[59,131292,44703],{"class":81},[59,131294,130503],{"class":178},[59,131296,89656],{"class":81},[59,131298,78],{"class":77},[59,131300,358],{"class":73},[59,131302,129886],{"class":142},[59,131304,139],{"class":73},[59,131306,7991],{"class":385},[59,131308,70],{"class":69},[59,131310,78],{"class":77},[59,131312,7685],{"class":81},[59,131314,78],{"class":77},[59,131316,165],{"class":73},[59,131318,131319,131321,131323,131325],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131320,715],{"class":135},[59,131322,139],{"class":73},[59,131324,34696],{"class":142},[59,131326,165],{"class":73},[20,131328,131209],{},[50,131330,131332],{"className":52,"code":131331,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131333,131334,131368],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131335,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131337,34675],{"class":65},[59,131339,70],{"class":69},[59,131341,90],{"class":77},[59,131343,44703],{"class":81},[59,131345,130503],{"class":178},[59,131347,89656],{"class":81},[59,131349,78],{"class":77},[59,131351,358],{"class":73},[59,131353,129886],{"class":142},[59,131355,139],{"class":73},[59,131357,7676],{"class":385},[59,131359,70],{"class":69},[59,131361,78],{"class":77},[59,131363,7685],{"class":81},[59,131365,78],{"class":77},[59,131367,165],{"class":73},[59,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131371,715],{"class":135},[59,131373,139],{"class":73},[59,131375,34696],{"class":142},[59,131377,165],{"class":73},[1127,131379,8456,131381,131383],{"id":131380},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131382,126166],{}," to change the original string",[20,131385,131386,131388],{},[15,131387,126166],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131390,131277],{},[50,131392,131394],{"className":52,"code":131393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131395,131396,131410,131428],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131397,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131399,34675],{"class":65},[59,131401,70],{"class":69},[59,131403,90],{"class":77},[59,131405,44703],{"class":81},[59,131407,3806],{"class":178},[59,131409,3374],{"class":77},[59,131411,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131413,34696],{"class":65},[59,131415,358],{"class":73},[59,131417,129886],{"class":142},[59,131419,139],{"class":73},[59,131421,78],{"class":77},[59,131423,7685],{"class":81},[59,131425,78],{"class":77},[59,131427,165],{"class":73},[59,131429,131430,131432,131434,131436],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131431,715],{"class":135},[59,131433,139],{"class":73},[59,131435,34696],{"class":142},[59,131437,165],{"class":73},[20,131439,131440],{},[549,131441,168],{},[50,131443,131445],{"className":52,"code":131444,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131446,131447],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131448,131449,131451,131453],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131450,34855],{"class":65},[59,131452,87],{"class":73},[59,131454,9838],{"class":73},[20,131456,131209],{},[50,131458,131460],{"className":52,"code":131459,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131461,131462,131476,131498],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131463,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131465,34675],{"class":65},[59,131467,70],{"class":69},[59,131469,90],{"class":77},[59,131471,44703],{"class":81},[59,131473,3806],{"class":178},[59,131475,3374],{"class":77},[59,131477,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131479,34675],{"class":65},[59,131481,70],{"class":69},[59,131483,42642],{"class":65},[59,131485,358],{"class":73},[59,131487,129886],{"class":142},[59,131489,139],{"class":73},[59,131491,78],{"class":77},[59,131493,7685],{"class":81},[59,131495,78],{"class":77},[59,131497,165],{"class":73},[59,131499,131500,131502,131504,131506],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131501,715],{"class":135},[59,131503,139],{"class":73},[59,131505,34696],{"class":142},[59,131507,165],{"class":73},[1127,131509,4721,131511,131513],{"id":131510},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131512,126166],{}," returns a new string",[20,131515,131516],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1127,131518,131520],{"id":131519},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131522,131523],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131525,131526,131527,131529],{},"Use simple ",[15,131528,3806],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131531,131532,131533,358],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[354,131534,90214],{"href":90213},[45,131536,67703],{"id":67702},[20,131538,131539],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[50,131541,131543],{"className":52,"code":131542,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131544,131545,131555,131569,131598],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131548,715],{"class":135},[59,131550,139],{"class":73},[59,131552,34696],{"class":142},[59,131554,165],{"class":73},[59,131556,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131558,715],{"class":135},[59,131560,139],{"class":73},[59,131562,3239],{"class":697},[59,131564,139],{"class":73},[59,131566,1217],{"class":142},[59,131568,710],{"class":73},[59,131570,131571,131573,131575,131577,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131572,715],{"class":135},[59,131574,139],{"class":73},[59,131576,78],{"class":77},[59,131578,131579],{"class":81},"Hello ",[59,131581,3806],{"class":178},[59,131583,78],{"class":77},[59,131585,358],{"class":73},[59,131587,129886],{"class":142},[59,131589,139],{"class":73},[59,131591,78],{"class":77},[59,131593,7685],{"class":81},[59,131595,78],{"class":77},[59,131597,710],{"class":73},[59,131599,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,131601,32141],{"class":135},[59,131603,139],{"class":73},[59,131605,3460],{"class":697},[59,131607,358],{"class":73},[59,131609,129886],{"class":929},[59,131611,165],{"class":73},[20,131613,131614],{},"Use them to check:",[29,131616,131617,131620,131623,131626],{},[32,131618,131619],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[32,131621,131622],{},"what type your value has",[32,131624,131625],{},"whether a small test example works",[32,131627,131628,131629],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131630,131631],{},"str.format",[45,131633,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,131635,129667,131637,12718],{"id":131636},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131638,126166],{},[20,131640,131641],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1127,131643,131645],{"id":131644},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131647,131648,131649,131651],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131650,3806],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1127,131653,131655,131656,1905],{"id":131654},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131657,126166],{},[20,131659,131660,131661,131664],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131662,131663],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1127,131666,14903,131668,131670],{"id":131667},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131669,126166],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131672,131673,131674,131676],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131675,126166],{}," is still useful and common.",[45,131678,1927],{"id":1926},[29,131680,131681,131685,131689,131695,131701],{},[32,131682,131683],{},[354,131684,124918],{"href":50779},[32,131686,131687],{},[354,131688,90491],{"href":89500},[32,131690,131691],{},[354,131692,13,131693,536],{"href":46251},[15,131694,46254],{},[32,131696,131697],{},[354,131698,13,131699,536],{"href":41975},[15,131700,47486],{},[32,131702,131703],{},[354,131704,90214],{"href":90213},[1953,131706,131707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":131709},[131710,131711,131713,131714,131715,131716,131717,131718,131720,131729,131730,131739],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":129953,"depth":110,"text":131712},"What the format() method does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":130234,"depth":110,"text":130235},{"id":130496,"depth":110,"text":130497},{"id":130727,"depth":110,"text":130728},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":131030,"depth":110,"text":131719},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":131721},[131722,131723,131724,131726,131728],{"id":131151,"depth":117,"text":131152},{"id":131268,"depth":117,"text":131269},{"id":131380,"depth":117,"text":131725},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131510,"depth":117,"text":131727},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131519,"depth":117,"text":131520},{"id":67702,"depth":110,"text":67703},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":131731},[131732,131734,131735,131737],{"id":131636,"depth":117,"text":131733},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131644,"depth":117,"text":131645},{"id":131654,"depth":117,"text":131736},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131667,"depth":117,"text":131738},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129813,"description":131740},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131747,"title":131748,"body":131749,"description":133229,"extension":1988,"meta":133230,"navigation":113,"path":133231,"seo":133232,"stem":133233,"__hash__":133234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131750,"toc":133201},[131751,131756,131761,131766,131768,131830,131837,131843,131848,131850,131866,131868,131939,131941,131955,131958,132008,132010,132012,132039,132042,132057,132060,132101,132104,132149,132156,132205,132207,132215,132217,132235,132237,132330,132338,132379,132384,132391,132397,132404,132407,132411,132512,132514,132536,132540,132593,132596,132599,132605,132612,132614,132653,132655,132673,132683,132690,132773,132776,132783,132790,132797,132801,132809,132855,132859,132868,132933,132938,132943,132954,132956,132961,132988,132990,133093,133096,133116,133118,133123,133126,133130,133134,133141,133150,133156,133159,133165,133167,133169,133198],[10,131752,123163,131754,11324],{"id":131753},"python-string-index-method",[15,131755,58774],{},[20,131757,123168,131758,131760],{},[15,131759,58774],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131762,131763,131764,358],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131765,40503],{},[45,131767,48],{"id":47},[50,131769,131771],{"className":52,"code":131770,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131772,131773,131785,131807,131817,131821,131825],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131774,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131776,34675],{"class":65},[59,131778,70],{"class":69},[59,131780,90],{"class":77},[59,131782,60213],{"class":81},[59,131784,3374],{"class":77},[59,131786,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131788,64727],{"class":65},[59,131790,70],{"class":69},[59,131792,42642],{"class":65},[59,131794,358],{"class":73},[59,131796,157],{"class":142},[59,131798,139],{"class":73},[59,131800,78],{"class":77},[59,131802,60398],{"class":81},[59,131804,78],{"class":77},[59,131806,165],{"class":73},[59,131808,131809,131811,131813,131815],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131810,715],{"class":135},[59,131812,139],{"class":73},[59,131814,64754],{"class":142},[59,131816,165],{"class":73},[59,131818,131819],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,131820,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,131822,131823],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,131824,90632],{"class":3678},[59,131826,131827],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,131828,131829],{"class":3678},"# 6\n",[20,131831,201,131832,131834,131835,358],{},[15,131833,58774],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131836,40503],{},[45,131838,208,131840,211],{"id":131839},"what-strindex-does",[15,131841,131842],{},"str.index()",[20,131844,131845,131847],{},[15,131846,131842],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131849,13054],{},[29,131851,131852,131855,131858,131861],{},[32,131853,131854],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[32,131856,131857],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[32,131859,131860],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[32,131862,30281,131863,131865],{},[15,131864,40503],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131867,239],{},[50,131869,131871],{"className":52,"code":131870,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131872,131873,131885,131889,131914],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131874,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131876,34675],{"class":65},[59,131878,70],{"class":69},[59,131880,90],{"class":77},[59,131882,597],{"class":81},[59,131884,3374],{"class":77},[59,131886,131887],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131888,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,131890,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131892,715],{"class":135},[59,131894,139],{"class":73},[59,131896,34696],{"class":142},[59,131898,358],{"class":73},[59,131900,157],{"class":142},[59,131902,139],{"class":73},[59,131904,78],{"class":77},[59,131906,354],{"class":81},[59,131908,78],{"class":77},[59,131910,5369],{"class":73},[59,131912,131913],{"class":3678},"     # 1\n",[59,131915,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,131917,715],{"class":135},[59,131919,139],{"class":73},[59,131921,34696],{"class":142},[59,131923,358],{"class":73},[59,131925,157],{"class":142},[59,131927,139],{"class":73},[59,131929,78],{"class":77},[59,131931,123256],{"class":81},[59,131933,78],{"class":77},[59,131935,5369],{"class":73},[59,131937,131938],{"class":3678},"    # 2\n",[20,131940,2199],{},[29,131942,131943,131949],{},[32,131944,131945,128376,131947],{},[15,131946,18094],{},[15,131948,187],{},[32,131950,131951,128376,131953],{},[15,131952,128375],{},[15,131954,195],{},[20,131956,131957],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[50,131959,131961],{"className":52,"code":131960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131962,131963,131975,131979,132003],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,131964,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,131966,34675],{"class":65},[59,131968,70],{"class":69},[59,131970,90],{"class":77},[59,131972,34855],{"class":81},[59,131974,3374],{"class":77},[59,131976,131977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,131978,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,131982,715],{"class":135},[59,131984,139],{"class":73},[59,131986,34696],{"class":142},[59,131988,358],{"class":73},[59,131990,157],{"class":142},[59,131992,139],{"class":73},[59,131994,78],{"class":77},[59,131996,50995],{"class":81},[59,131998,78],{"class":77},[59,132000,5369],{"class":73},[59,132002,20767],{"class":3678},[59,132004,132005],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,132006,132007],{"class":3678},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[45,132009,362],{"id":361},[20,132011,365],{},[50,132013,132015],{"className":52,"code":132014,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132016,132017],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132018,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132020,60981],{"class":65},[59,132022,358],{"class":73},[59,132024,157],{"class":142},[59,132026,139],{"class":73},[59,132028,1217],{"class":142},[59,132030,87],{"class":73},[59,132032,386],{"class":142},[59,132034,87],{"class":73},[59,132036,64848],{"class":142},[59,132038,165],{"class":73},[20,132040,132041],{},"Parameters:",[29,132043,132044,132048,132052],{},[32,132045,132046,123355],{},[15,132047,1217],{},[32,132049,132050,128422],{},[15,132051,407],{},[32,132053,132054,132056],{},[15,132055,52465],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132058,132059],{},"You can use just the value:",[50,132061,132063],{"className":52,"code":132062,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132064,132065,132077],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132066,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132068,34675],{"class":65},[59,132070,70],{"class":69},[59,132072,90],{"class":77},[59,132074,54],{"class":81},[59,132076,3374],{"class":77},[59,132078,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132080,715],{"class":135},[59,132082,139],{"class":73},[59,132084,34696],{"class":142},[59,132086,358],{"class":73},[59,132088,157],{"class":142},[59,132090,139],{"class":73},[59,132092,78],{"class":77},[59,132094,63094],{"class":81},[59,132096,78],{"class":77},[59,132098,5369],{"class":73},[59,132100,51219],{"class":3678},[20,132102,132103],{},"Or include a start position:",[50,132105,132107],{"className":52,"code":132106,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132108,132109,132121],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132110,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132112,34675],{"class":65},[59,132114,70],{"class":69},[59,132116,90],{"class":77},[59,132118,597],{"class":81},[59,132120,3374],{"class":77},[59,132122,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132124,715],{"class":135},[59,132126,139],{"class":73},[59,132128,34696],{"class":142},[59,132130,358],{"class":73},[59,132132,157],{"class":142},[59,132134,139],{"class":73},[59,132136,78],{"class":77},[59,132138,354],{"class":81},[59,132140,78],{"class":77},[59,132142,87],{"class":73},[59,132144,3009],{"class":178},[59,132146,5369],{"class":73},[59,132148,50574],{"class":3678},[20,132150,132151,132152,4408,132154,1002],{},"Or include both ",[15,132153,407],{},[15,132155,52465],{},[50,132157,132159],{"className":52,"code":132158,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132160,132161,132173],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132162,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132164,34675],{"class":65},[59,132166,70],{"class":69},[59,132168,90],{"class":77},[59,132170,597],{"class":81},[59,132172,3374],{"class":77},[59,132174,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132176,715],{"class":135},[59,132178,139],{"class":73},[59,132180,34696],{"class":142},[59,132182,358],{"class":73},[59,132184,157],{"class":142},[59,132186,139],{"class":73},[59,132188,78],{"class":77},[59,132190,354],{"class":81},[59,132192,78],{"class":77},[59,132194,87],{"class":73},[59,132196,3009],{"class":178},[59,132198,87],{"class":73},[59,132200,4621],{"class":178},[59,132202,5369],{"class":73},[59,132204,50574],{"class":3678},[45,132206,37818],{"id":37817},[20,132208,28698,132209,132211,132212,358],{},[15,132210,58774],{}," is a ",[549,132213,132214],{},"zero-based index",[20,132216,2130],{},[29,132218,132219,132225,132230],{},[32,132220,132221,132222,132224],{},"Index ",[15,132223,179],{}," is the first character",[32,132226,132221,132227,132229],{},[15,132228,187],{}," is the second character",[32,132231,132221,132232,132234],{},[15,132233,195],{}," is the third character",[20,132236,239],{},[50,132238,132240],{"className":52,"code":132239,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132241,132242,132254,132258,132282,132306],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132243,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132245,34675],{"class":65},[59,132247,70],{"class":69},[59,132249,90],{"class":77},[59,132251,1439],{"class":81},[59,132253,3374],{"class":77},[59,132255,132256],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132257,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,132259,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132261,715],{"class":135},[59,132263,139],{"class":73},[59,132265,34696],{"class":142},[59,132267,358],{"class":73},[59,132269,157],{"class":142},[59,132271,139],{"class":73},[59,132273,78],{"class":77},[59,132275,451],{"class":81},[59,132277,78],{"class":77},[59,132279,5369],{"class":73},[59,132281,51051],{"class":3678},[59,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,132285,715],{"class":135},[59,132287,139],{"class":73},[59,132289,34696],{"class":142},[59,132291,358],{"class":73},[59,132293,157],{"class":142},[59,132295,139],{"class":73},[59,132297,78],{"class":77},[59,132299,354],{"class":81},[59,132301,78],{"class":77},[59,132303,5369],{"class":73},[59,132305,27770],{"class":3678},[59,132307,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,132309,715],{"class":135},[59,132311,139],{"class":73},[59,132313,34696],{"class":142},[59,132315,358],{"class":73},[59,132317,157],{"class":142},[59,132319,139],{"class":73},[59,132321,78],{"class":77},[59,132323,63094],{"class":81},[59,132325,78],{"class":77},[59,132327,5369],{"class":73},[59,132329,51219],{"class":3678},[20,132331,132332,132334,132335,132337],{},[15,132333,58774],{}," returns only the ",[549,132336,29896],{}," matching position.",[50,132339,132341],{"className":52,"code":132340,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132342,132343,132355],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132344,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132346,34675],{"class":65},[59,132348,70],{"class":69},[59,132350,90],{"class":77},[59,132352,597],{"class":81},[59,132354,3374],{"class":77},[59,132356,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132358,715],{"class":135},[59,132360,139],{"class":73},[59,132362,34696],{"class":142},[59,132364,358],{"class":73},[59,132366,157],{"class":142},[59,132368,139],{"class":73},[59,132370,78],{"class":77},[59,132372,354],{"class":81},[59,132374,78],{"class":77},[59,132376,5369],{"class":73},[59,132378,27770],{"class":3678},[20,132380,20977,132381,132383],{},[15,132382,18094],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132385,132386,132387,358],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[354,132388,132389,10742],{"href":124613},[15,132390,58396],{},[45,132392,1599,132393,4408,132395],{"id":65214},[15,132394,407],{},[15,132396,52465],{},[20,132398,2005,132399,4408,132401,132403],{},[15,132400,407],{},[15,132402,52465],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132405,132406],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132408,45842,132409,1002],{},[15,132410,407],{},[50,132412,132414],{"className":52,"code":132413,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132415,132416,132428,132432,132456,132484],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132417,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132419,34675],{"class":65},[59,132421,70],{"class":69},[59,132423,90],{"class":77},[59,132425,597],{"class":81},[59,132427,3374],{"class":77},[59,132429,132430],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132431,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132435,715],{"class":135},[59,132437,139],{"class":73},[59,132439,34696],{"class":142},[59,132441,358],{"class":73},[59,132443,157],{"class":142},[59,132445,139],{"class":73},[59,132447,78],{"class":77},[59,132449,354],{"class":81},[59,132451,78],{"class":77},[59,132453,5369],{"class":73},[59,132455,50924],{"class":3678},[59,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,132459,715],{"class":135},[59,132461,139],{"class":73},[59,132463,34696],{"class":142},[59,132465,358],{"class":73},[59,132467,157],{"class":142},[59,132469,139],{"class":73},[59,132471,78],{"class":77},[59,132473,354],{"class":81},[59,132475,78],{"class":77},[59,132477,87],{"class":73},[59,132479,3009],{"class":178},[59,132481,5369],{"class":73},[59,132483,50773],{"class":3678},[59,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,132487,715],{"class":135},[59,132489,139],{"class":73},[59,132491,34696],{"class":142},[59,132493,358],{"class":73},[59,132495,157],{"class":142},[59,132497,139],{"class":73},[59,132499,78],{"class":77},[59,132501,354],{"class":81},[59,132503,78],{"class":77},[59,132505,87],{"class":73},[59,132507,2475],{"class":178},[59,132509,5369],{"class":73},[59,132511,50557],{"class":3678},[20,132513,19956],{},[29,132515,132516,132523,132529],{},[32,132517,132518,132519,65404,132521],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132520,18094],{},[15,132522,187],{},[32,132524,132525,132526,132528],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132527,195],{}," skips that first match",[32,132530,132525,132531,132533,132534],{},[15,132532,2522],{}," finds the last ",[15,132535,18094],{},[20,132537,45842,132538,1002],{},[15,132539,52465],{},[50,132541,132543],{"className":52,"code":132542,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132544,132545,132557,132561],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132546,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132548,34675],{"class":65},[59,132550,70],{"class":69},[59,132552,90],{"class":77},[59,132554,597],{"class":81},[59,132556,3374],{"class":77},[59,132558,132559],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132560,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,132562,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132564,715],{"class":135},[59,132566,139],{"class":73},[59,132568,34696],{"class":142},[59,132570,358],{"class":73},[59,132572,157],{"class":142},[59,132574,139],{"class":73},[59,132576,78],{"class":77},[59,132578,75838],{"class":81},[59,132580,78],{"class":77},[59,132582,87],{"class":73},[59,132584,3848],{"class":178},[59,132586,87],{"class":73},[59,132588,2475],{"class":178},[59,132590,5369],{"class":73},[59,132592,51219],{"class":3678},[20,132594,132595],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132597,132598],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[45,132600,44014,132602,132604],{"id":132601},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132603,58774],{}," causes an error",[20,132606,132607,132608,52299,132610,358],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132609,58774],{},[15,132611,40503],{},[20,132613,239],{},[50,132615,132617],{"className":52,"code":132616,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132618,132619,132631],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132620,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132622,34675],{"class":65},[59,132624,70],{"class":69},[59,132626,90],{"class":77},[59,132628,3860],{"class":81},[59,132630,3374],{"class":77},[59,132632,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132634,715],{"class":135},[59,132636,139],{"class":73},[59,132638,34696],{"class":142},[59,132640,358],{"class":73},[59,132642,157],{"class":142},[59,132644,139],{"class":73},[59,132646,78],{"class":77},[59,132648,22074],{"class":81},[59,132650,78],{"class":77},[59,132652,710],{"class":73},[20,132654,168],{},[50,132656,132658],{"className":52,"code":132657,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132659,132660],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132661,132662,132664,132666,132669,132671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132663,40503],{"class":697},[59,132665,1002],{"class":73},[59,132667,132668],{"class":65}," substring ",[59,132670,4647],{"class":69},[59,132672,65637],{"class":65},[20,132674,53146,132675,126129,132680,132682],{},[354,132676,132677],{"href":129807},[15,132678,132679],{},"str.find()",[15,132681,65662],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132684,132685,132686,4408,132688,1002],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132687,29792],{},[15,132689,29823],{},[50,132691,132693],{"className":52,"code":132692,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132694,132695,132707,132711,132717,132740,132750,132758],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132696,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132698,34675],{"class":65},[59,132700,70],{"class":69},[59,132702,90],{"class":77},[59,132704,3860],{"class":81},[59,132706,3374],{"class":77},[59,132708,132709],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132710,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,132712,132713,132715],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132714,29792],{"class":120},[59,132716,1561],{"class":73},[59,132718,132719,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,132720,132721],{"class":65},"    position ",[59,132723,70],{"class":69},[59,132725,42642],{"class":65},[59,132727,358],{"class":73},[59,132729,157],{"class":142},[59,132731,139],{"class":73},[59,132733,78],{"class":77},[59,132735,22074],{"class":81},[59,132737,78],{"class":77},[59,132739,165],{"class":73},[59,132741,132742,132744,132746,132748],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,132743,152],{"class":135},[59,132745,139],{"class":73},[59,132747,64754],{"class":142},[59,132749,165],{"class":73},[59,132751,132752,132754,132756],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,132753,29823],{"class":120},[59,132755,41726],{"class":697},[59,132757,1561],{"class":73},[59,132759,132760,132762,132764,132766,132769,132771],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,132761,152],{"class":135},[59,132763,139],{"class":73},[59,132765,78],{"class":77},[59,132767,132768],{"class":81},"Substring not found",[59,132770,78],{"class":77},[59,132772,165],{"class":73},[20,132774,132775],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132777,41746,132778,358],{},[354,132779,25669,132781],{"href":132780},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132782,129134],{},[45,132784,132786,10586,132788],{"id":132785},"index-vs-find",[15,132787,58774],{},[15,132789,124158],{},[20,132791,132792,4408,132794,132796],{},[15,132793,58774],{},[15,132795,124158],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1127,132798,132799],{"id":157},[15,132800,58774],{},[29,132802,132803,132806],{},[32,132804,132805],{},"Returns the first match position",[32,132807,132808],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[50,132810,132812],{"className":52,"code":132811,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132813,132814,132826,132850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132815,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132817,34675],{"class":65},[59,132819,70],{"class":69},[59,132821,90],{"class":77},[59,132823,3860],{"class":81},[59,132825,3374],{"class":77},[59,132827,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132829,715],{"class":135},[59,132831,139],{"class":73},[59,132833,34696],{"class":142},[59,132835,358],{"class":73},[59,132837,157],{"class":142},[59,132839,139],{"class":73},[59,132841,78],{"class":77},[59,132843,60254],{"class":81},[59,132845,78],{"class":77},[59,132847,5369],{"class":73},[59,132849,27770],{"class":3678},[59,132851,132852],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132853,132854],{"class":3678},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1127,132856,132857],{"id":128188},[15,132858,124158],{},[29,132860,132861,132863],{},[32,132862,132805],{},[32,132864,11426,132865,132867],{},[15,132866,65662],{}," if nothing is found",[50,132869,132871],{"className":52,"code":132870,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132872,132873,132885,132909],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132874,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132876,34675],{"class":65},[59,132878,70],{"class":69},[59,132880,90],{"class":77},[59,132882,3860],{"class":81},[59,132884,3374],{"class":77},[59,132886,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,132888,715],{"class":135},[59,132890,139],{"class":73},[59,132892,34696],{"class":142},[59,132894,358],{"class":73},[59,132896,128188],{"class":142},[59,132898,139],{"class":73},[59,132900,78],{"class":77},[59,132902,60254],{"class":81},[59,132904,78],{"class":77},[59,132906,5369],{"class":73},[59,132908,27770],{"class":3678},[59,132910,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,132912,715],{"class":135},[59,132914,139],{"class":73},[59,132916,34696],{"class":142},[59,132918,358],{"class":73},[59,132920,128188],{"class":142},[59,132922,139],{"class":73},[59,132924,78],{"class":77},[59,132926,22074],{"class":81},[59,132928,78],{"class":77},[59,132930,5369],{"class":73},[59,132932,128544],{"class":3678},[20,132934,201,132935,132937],{},[15,132936,58774],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132939,201,132940,132942],{},[15,132941,124158],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132944,132945,132946,2896,132951,358],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[354,132947,132948,132950],{"href":129807},[15,132949,132679],{}," method reference",[354,132952,127199],{"href":132953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[45,132955,1579],{"id":1578},[20,132957,132958,132959,1002],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132960,58774],{},[29,132962,132963,132966,132973,132978,132983],{},[32,132964,132965],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[32,132967,8456,132968,8459,132970,132972],{},[15,132969,58774],{},[15,132971,65662],{}," when no match exists",[32,132974,1599,132975,132977],{},[15,132976,58774],{}," on a value that may not be present",[32,132979,132980,132981],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132982,187],{},[32,132984,4595,132985,132987],{},[15,132986,58774],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132989,62102],{},[50,132991,132993],{"className":52,"code":132992,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132994,132995,133005,133019,133041,133063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,132996,132997,132999,133001,133003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,132998,715],{"class":135},[59,133000,139],{"class":73},[59,133002,34696],{"class":142},[59,133004,165],{"class":73},[59,133006,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133008,715],{"class":135},[59,133010,139],{"class":73},[59,133012,41579],{"class":135},[59,133014,139],{"class":73},[59,133016,34696],{"class":142},[59,133018,710],{"class":73},[59,133020,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133022,715],{"class":135},[59,133024,139],{"class":73},[59,133026,34696],{"class":142},[59,133028,358],{"class":73},[59,133030,157],{"class":142},[59,133032,139],{"class":73},[59,133034,78],{"class":77},[59,133036,1217],{"class":81},[59,133038,78],{"class":77},[59,133040,710],{"class":73},[59,133042,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133044,715],{"class":135},[59,133046,139],{"class":73},[59,133048,34696],{"class":142},[59,133050,358],{"class":73},[59,133052,128188],{"class":142},[59,133054,139],{"class":73},[59,133056,78],{"class":77},[59,133058,1217],{"class":81},[59,133060,78],{"class":77},[59,133062,710],{"class":73},[59,133064,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,133066,715],{"class":135},[59,133068,139],{"class":73},[59,133070,34696],{"class":142},[59,133072,358],{"class":73},[59,133074,157],{"class":142},[59,133076,139],{"class":73},[59,133078,78],{"class":77},[59,133080,1217],{"class":81},[59,133082,78],{"class":77},[59,133084,87],{"class":73},[59,133086,386],{"class":142},[59,133088,87],{"class":73},[59,133090,64848],{"class":142},[59,133092,710],{"class":73},[20,133094,133095],{},"Tips:",[29,133097,133098,133103,133108,133111],{},[32,133099,201,133100,133102],{},[15,133101,126085],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[32,133104,201,133105,133107],{},[15,133106,124158],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[32,133109,133110],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,133112,133113,133114],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133115,179],{},[45,133117,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,133119,129667,133121,12718],{"id":133120},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133122,58774],{},[20,133124,133125],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1127,133127,133129],{"id":133128},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133131,76666,133132,358],{},[15,133133,40503],{},[1127,133135,5190,133137,4408,133139,1905],{"id":133136},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133138,58774],{},[15,133140,124158],{},[20,133142,133143,133145,133146,2414,133148,6638],{},[15,133144,58774],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133147,124158],{},[15,133149,65662],{},[1127,133151,1914,133153,133155],{"id":133152},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133154,58774],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133157,133158],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1127,133160,133162,133163,124499],{"id":133161},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133164,58774],{},[20,133166,129692],{},[45,133168,1927],{"id":1926},[29,133170,133171,133177,133181,133186,133192],{},[32,133172,133173],{},[354,133174,133175,10742],{"href":129807},[15,133176,132679],{},[32,133178,133179],{},[354,133180,124562],{"href":132953},[32,133182,133183],{},[354,133184,129768],{"href":133185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[32,133187,133188],{},[354,133189,133190,10742],{"href":124613},[15,133191,58396],{},[32,133193,133194],{},[354,133195,30335,133196],{"href":132780},[15,133197,129134],{},[1953,133199,133200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132785,"depth":110,"text":133212,"children":133213},"index() vs find()",[133214,133215],{"id":157,"depth":117,"text":58774},{"id":128188,"depth":117,"text":124158},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":133218},[133219,133221,133222,133224,133226],{"id":133120,"depth":117,"text":133220},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133128,"depth":117,"text":133129},{"id":133136,"depth":117,"text":133223},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133152,"depth":117,"text":133225},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133161,"depth":117,"text":133227},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131748,"description":133229},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133236,"title":133237,"body":133238,"description":136013,"extension":1988,"meta":136014,"navigation":113,"path":136015,"seo":136016,"stem":136017,"__hash__":136018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133239,"toc":135949},[133240,133246,133251,133254,133257,133268,133270,133339,133341,133355,133360,133365,133370,133372,133415,133417,133500,133502,133548,133554,133556,133558,133578,133580,133603,133605,133679,133681,133700,133705,133707,133711,133783,133785,133799,133803,133879,133881,133900,133904,133998,134000,134009,134016,134092,134094,134112,134116,134119,134126,134175,134177,134186,134193,134252,134254,134272,134275,134282,134341,134343,134361,134368,134425,134427,134436,134440,134445,134449,134508,134510,134528,134532,134579,134584,134587,134656,134658,134675,134682,134688,134743,134748,134751,134828,134830,134848,134854,134860,134920,134922,134941,134947,134950,134957,135010,135015,135017,135078,135087,135094,135096,135153,135158,135160,135231,135235,135290,135292,135301,135306,135312,135381,135383,135415,135421,135429,135436,135442,135507,135509,135518,135524,135605,135607,135616,135621,135635,135642,135646,135651,135679,135681,135814,135817,135854,135856,135862,135871,135876,135879,135884,135889,135895,135898,135907,135910,135912,135941,135946],[10,133241,123163,133243,11324],{"id":133242},"python-string-join-method",[15,133244,133245],{},"join()",[20,133247,123168,133248,133250],{},[15,133249,133245],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133252,133253],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133255,133256],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[29,133258,133259,133265],{},[32,133260,133261,133262,133264],{},"You call ",[15,133263,133245],{}," on the separator string",[32,133266,133267],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[45,133269,3624],{"id":3623},[50,133271,133273],{"className":52,"code":133272,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133274,133275,133308,133329],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133276,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299,133301,133304,133306],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133278,4085],{"class":65},[59,133280,70],{"class":69},[59,133282,74],{"class":73},[59,133284,78],{"class":77},[59,133286,7304],{"class":81},[59,133288,78],{"class":77},[59,133290,87],{"class":73},[59,133292,90],{"class":77},[59,133294,12196],{"class":81},[59,133296,78],{"class":77},[59,133298,87],{"class":73},[59,133300,90],{"class":77},[59,133302,133303],{"class":81},"fun",[59,133305,78],{"class":77},[59,133307,107],{"class":73},[59,133309,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133323,133325,133327],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133311,692],{"class":65},[59,133313,70],{"class":69},[59,133315,90],{"class":77},[59,133317,90],{"class":77},[59,133319,358],{"class":73},[59,133321,133322],{"class":142},"join",[59,133324,139],{"class":73},[59,133326,4127],{"class":142},[59,133328,165],{"class":73},[59,133330,133331,133333,133335,133337],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133332,715],{"class":135},[59,133334,139],{"class":73},[59,133336,720],{"class":142},[59,133338,165],{"class":73},[20,133340,168],{},[50,133342,133344],{"className":52,"code":133343,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Python is fun\n",[15,133345,133346],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133347,133348,133350,133352],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133349,13],{"class":65},[59,133351,12196],{"class":69},[59,133353,133354],{"class":65}," fun\n",[20,133356,201,133357,133359],{},[15,133358,133245],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[45,133361,208,133363,211],{"id":133362},"what-join-does",[15,133364,133245],{},[20,133366,133367,133369],{},[15,133368,133245],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133371,11461],{},[29,133373,133374,133381,133409,133412],{},[32,133375,133376,133377,133380],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133378,133379],{},".join()"," as the separator",[32,133382,133383,133384],{},"Common separators are:\n",[29,133385,133386,133392,133398,133404],{},[32,133387,133388,133391],{},[15,133389,133390],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[32,133393,133394,133397],{},[15,133395,133396],{},"\", \""," for commas",[32,133399,133400,133403],{},[15,133401,133402],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[32,133405,133406,133408],{},[15,133407,6278],{}," for no separator",[32,133410,133411],{},"It returns a new string",[32,133413,133414],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133416,239],{},[50,133418,133420],{"className":52,"code":133419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133421,133422,133454,133476,133480,133490],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133423,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133425,4085],{"class":65},[59,133427,70],{"class":69},[59,133429,74],{"class":73},[59,133431,78],{"class":77},[59,133433,82],{"class":81},[59,133435,78],{"class":77},[59,133437,87],{"class":73},[59,133439,90],{"class":77},[59,133441,93],{"class":81},[59,133443,78],{"class":77},[59,133445,87],{"class":73},[59,133447,90],{"class":77},[59,133449,102],{"class":81},[59,133451,78],{"class":77},[59,133453,107],{"class":73},[59,133455,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133457,692],{"class":65},[59,133459,70],{"class":69},[59,133461,90],{"class":77},[59,133463,1208],{"class":81},[59,133465,78],{"class":77},[59,133467,358],{"class":73},[59,133469,133322],{"class":142},[59,133471,139],{"class":73},[59,133473,4127],{"class":142},[59,133475,165],{"class":73},[59,133477,133478],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133479,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,133481,133482,133484,133486,133488],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133483,715],{"class":135},[59,133485,139],{"class":73},[59,133487,720],{"class":142},[59,133489,165],{"class":73},[59,133491,133492,133494,133496,133498],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,133493,715],{"class":135},[59,133495,139],{"class":73},[59,133497,4127],{"class":142},[59,133499,165],{"class":73},[20,133501,168],{},[50,133503,133505],{"className":52,"code":133504,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133506,133507,133520],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133508,133509,133511,133513,133516,133518],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133510,82],{"class":65},[59,133512,87],{"class":73},[59,133514,133515],{"class":65}," green",[59,133517,87],{"class":73},[59,133519,198],{"class":65},[59,133521,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133523,3914],{"class":73},[59,133525,1725],{"class":77},[59,133527,82],{"class":81},[59,133529,1725],{"class":77},[59,133531,87],{"class":73},[59,133533,1734],{"class":77},[59,133535,93],{"class":81},[59,133537,1725],{"class":77},[59,133539,87],{"class":73},[59,133541,1734],{"class":77},[59,133543,102],{"class":81},[59,133545,1725],{"class":77},[59,133547,107],{"class":73},[20,133549,133550,133551,133553],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133552,133245],{}," creates a new string.",[45,133555,362],{"id":361},[20,133557,7225],{},[50,133559,133561],{"className":52,"code":133560,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133562,133563],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133564,133565,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133566,133567],{"class":65},"separator",[59,133569,358],{"class":73},[59,133571,133322],{"class":142},[59,133573,139],{"class":73},[59,133575,380],{"class":142},[59,133577,165],{"class":73},[1127,133579,48813],{"id":48812},[29,133581,133582,133595,133600],{},[32,133583,133584,133586,133587,1208,133589,1208,133591,2213,133593],{},[15,133585,133567],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133588,133390],{},[15,133590,133396],{},[15,133592,133402],{},[15,133594,6278],{},[32,133596,133597,133599],{},[15,133598,380],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[32,133601,133602],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133604,239],{},[50,133606,133608],{"className":52,"code":133607,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133609,133610,133642,133665,133669],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133611,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133613,249],{"class":65},[59,133615,70],{"class":69},[59,133617,74],{"class":73},[59,133619,78],{"class":77},[59,133621,258],{"class":81},[59,133623,78],{"class":77},[59,133625,87],{"class":73},[59,133627,90],{"class":77},[59,133629,267],{"class":81},[59,133631,78],{"class":77},[59,133633,87],{"class":73},[59,133635,90],{"class":77},[59,133637,276],{"class":81},[59,133639,78],{"class":77},[59,133641,107],{"class":73},[59,133643,133644,133646,133648,133650,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133645,692],{"class":65},[59,133647,70],{"class":69},[59,133649,90],{"class":77},[59,133651,133652],{"class":81}," | ",[59,133654,78],{"class":77},[59,133656,358],{"class":73},[59,133658,133322],{"class":142},[59,133660,139],{"class":73},[59,133662,304],{"class":142},[59,133664,165],{"class":73},[59,133666,133667],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133668,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,133670,133671,133673,133675,133677],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133672,715],{"class":135},[59,133674,139],{"class":73},[59,133676,720],{"class":142},[59,133678,165],{"class":73},[20,133680,168],{},[50,133682,133684],{"className":52,"code":133683,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133685,133686],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133687,133688,133691,133693,133696,133698],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133689,133690],{"class":65},"Ana ",[59,133692,113670],{"class":69},[59,133694,133695],{"class":65}," Ben ",[59,133697,113670],{"class":69},[59,133699,349],{"class":65},[20,133701,133702,133703,358],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[354,133704,124918],{"href":50779},[45,133706,121694],{"id":121693},[1127,133708,133710],{"id":133709},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[50,133712,133714],{"className":52,"code":133713,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133715,133716,133749,133769,133773],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133717,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133745,133747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133719,4085],{"class":65},[59,133721,70],{"class":69},[59,133723,74],{"class":73},[59,133725,78],{"class":77},[59,133727,7304],{"class":81},[59,133729,78],{"class":77},[59,133731,87],{"class":73},[59,133733,90],{"class":77},[59,133735,12196],{"class":81},[59,133737,78],{"class":77},[59,133739,87],{"class":73},[59,133741,90],{"class":77},[59,133743,133744],{"class":81},"easy",[59,133746,78],{"class":77},[59,133748,107],{"class":73},[59,133750,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133752,692],{"class":65},[59,133754,70],{"class":69},[59,133756,90],{"class":77},[59,133758,90],{"class":77},[59,133760,358],{"class":73},[59,133762,133322],{"class":142},[59,133764,139],{"class":73},[59,133766,4127],{"class":142},[59,133768,165],{"class":73},[59,133770,133771],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133772,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133776,715],{"class":135},[59,133778,139],{"class":73},[59,133780,720],{"class":142},[59,133782,165],{"class":73},[20,133784,168],{},[50,133786,133788],{"className":52,"code":133787,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Python is easy\n",[15,133789,133790],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133791,133792,133794,133796],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133793,13],{"class":65},[59,133795,12196],{"class":69},[59,133797,133798],{"class":65}," easy\n",[1127,133800,133802],{"id":133801},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[50,133804,133806],{"className":52,"code":133805,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133807,133808,133843,133865,133869],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133809,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133821,133823,133825,133827,133830,133832,133834,133836,133839,133841],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133811,1251],{"class":65},[59,133813,70],{"class":69},[59,133815,74],{"class":73},[59,133817,78],{"class":77},[59,133819,133820],{"class":81},"apples",[59,133822,78],{"class":77},[59,133824,87],{"class":73},[59,133826,90],{"class":77},[59,133828,133829],{"class":81},"bananas",[59,133831,78],{"class":77},[59,133833,87],{"class":73},[59,133835,90],{"class":77},[59,133837,133838],{"class":81},"oranges",[59,133840,78],{"class":77},[59,133842,107],{"class":73},[59,133844,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133846,692],{"class":65},[59,133848,70],{"class":69},[59,133850,90],{"class":77},[59,133852,1208],{"class":81},[59,133854,78],{"class":77},[59,133856,358],{"class":73},[59,133858,133322],{"class":142},[59,133860,139],{"class":73},[59,133862,1297],{"class":142},[59,133864,165],{"class":73},[59,133866,133867],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133868,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,133870,133871,133873,133875,133877],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133872,715],{"class":135},[59,133874,139],{"class":73},[59,133876,720],{"class":142},[59,133878,165],{"class":73},[20,133880,168],{},[50,133882,133884],{"className":52,"code":133883,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133885,133886],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133887,133888,133890,133892,133895,133897],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133889,133820],{"class":65},[59,133891,87],{"class":73},[59,133893,133894],{"class":65}," bananas",[59,133896,87],{"class":73},[59,133898,133899],{"class":65}," oranges\n",[1127,133901,133903],{"id":133902},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[50,133905,133907],{"className":52,"code":133906,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133908,133909,133966,133984,133988],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,133910,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,133912,425],{"class":65},[59,133914,70],{"class":69},[59,133916,74],{"class":73},[59,133918,78],{"class":77},[59,133920,133921],{"class":81},"P",[59,133923,78],{"class":77},[59,133925,87],{"class":73},[59,133927,90],{"class":77},[59,133929,1269],{"class":81},[59,133931,78],{"class":77},[59,133933,87],{"class":73},[59,133935,90],{"class":77},[59,133937,63094],{"class":81},[59,133939,78],{"class":77},[59,133941,87],{"class":73},[59,133943,90],{"class":77},[59,133945,60245],{"class":81},[59,133947,78],{"class":77},[59,133949,87],{"class":73},[59,133951,90],{"class":77},[59,133953,60280],{"class":81},[59,133955,78],{"class":77},[59,133957,87],{"class":73},[59,133959,90],{"class":77},[59,133961,75838],{"class":81},[59,133963,78],{"class":77},[59,133965,107],{"class":73},[59,133967,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,133969,692],{"class":65},[59,133971,70],{"class":69},[59,133973,6132],{"class":77},[59,133975,358],{"class":73},[59,133977,133322],{"class":142},[59,133979,139],{"class":73},[59,133981,480],{"class":142},[59,133983,165],{"class":73},[59,133985,133986],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,133987,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,133989,133990,133992,133994,133996],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,133991,715],{"class":135},[59,133993,139],{"class":73},[59,133995,720],{"class":142},[59,133997,165],{"class":73},[20,133999,168],{},[50,134001,134003],{"className":52,"code":134002,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Python\n",[15,134004,134005],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134006,134007],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134008,134002],{"class":65},[1127,134010,134012,134013,134015],{"id":134011},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134014,133245],{}," returns the result",[50,134017,134019],{"className":52,"code":134018,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134020,134021,134054,134077,134081],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134022,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134050,134052],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134024,4085],{"class":65},[59,134026,70],{"class":69},[59,134028,74],{"class":73},[59,134030,78],{"class":77},[59,134032,6592],{"class":81},[59,134034,78],{"class":77},[59,134036,87],{"class":73},[59,134038,90],{"class":77},[59,134040,79079],{"class":81},[59,134042,78],{"class":77},[59,134044,87],{"class":73},[59,134046,90],{"class":77},[59,134048,134049],{"class":81},"three",[59,134051,78],{"class":77},[59,134053,107],{"class":73},[59,134055,134056,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134057,134058],{"class":65},"joined_text ",[59,134060,70],{"class":69},[59,134062,90],{"class":77},[59,134064,2047],{"class":81},[59,134066,78],{"class":77},[59,134068,358],{"class":73},[59,134070,133322],{"class":142},[59,134072,139],{"class":73},[59,134074,4127],{"class":142},[59,134076,165],{"class":73},[59,134078,134079],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,134080,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,134082,134083,134085,134087,134090],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,134084,715],{"class":135},[59,134086,139],{"class":73},[59,134088,134089],{"class":142},"joined_text",[59,134091,165],{"class":73},[20,134093,168],{},[50,134095,134097],{"className":52,"code":134096,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"one-two-three\n",[15,134098,134099],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134102,6592],{"class":65},[59,134104,2047],{"class":69},[59,134106,79079],{"class":65},[59,134108,2047],{"class":69},[59,134110,134111],{"class":65},"three\n",[45,134113,134115],{"id":134114},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134117,134118],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1127,134120,134122,134125],{"id":134121},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134123,134124],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[50,134127,134129],{"className":52,"code":134128,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134130,134131,134155],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134132,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134134,4085],{"class":65},[59,134136,70],{"class":69},[59,134138,74],{"class":73},[59,134140,78],{"class":77},[59,134142,3860],{"class":81},[59,134144,78],{"class":77},[59,134146,87],{"class":73},[59,134148,90],{"class":77},[59,134150,60398],{"class":81},[59,134152,78],{"class":77},[59,134154,107],{"class":73},[59,134156,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134158,715],{"class":135},[59,134160,139],{"class":73},[59,134162,78],{"class":77},[59,134164,90],{"class":77},[59,134166,358],{"class":73},[59,134168,133322],{"class":142},[59,134170,139],{"class":73},[59,134172,4127],{"class":142},[59,134174,710],{"class":73},[20,134176,168],{},[50,134178,134180],{"className":52,"code":134179,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"hello world\n",[15,134181,134182],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134183,134184],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134185,134179],{"class":65},[1127,134187,134189,134192],{"id":134188},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134190,134191],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[50,134194,134196],{"className":52,"code":134195,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134197,134198,134230],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134199,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134201,66],{"class":65},[59,134203,70],{"class":69},[59,134205,74],{"class":73},[59,134207,78],{"class":77},[59,134209,82],{"class":81},[59,134211,78],{"class":77},[59,134213,87],{"class":73},[59,134215,90],{"class":77},[59,134217,102],{"class":81},[59,134219,78],{"class":77},[59,134221,87],{"class":73},[59,134223,90],{"class":77},[59,134225,93],{"class":81},[59,134227,78],{"class":77},[59,134229,107],{"class":73},[59,134231,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134233,715],{"class":135},[59,134235,139],{"class":73},[59,134237,78],{"class":77},[59,134239,1208],{"class":81},[59,134241,78],{"class":77},[59,134243,358],{"class":73},[59,134245,133322],{"class":142},[59,134247,139],{"class":73},[59,134249,143],{"class":142},[59,134251,710],{"class":73},[20,134253,168],{},[50,134255,134257],{"className":52,"code":134256,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134258,134259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134260,134261,134263,134265,134268,134270],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134262,82],{"class":65},[59,134264,87],{"class":73},[59,134266,134267],{"class":65}," blue",[59,134269,87],{"class":73},[59,134271,190],{"class":65},[20,134273,134274],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1127,134276,134278,134281],{"id":134277},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134279,134280],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[50,134283,134285],{"className":52,"code":134284,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134286,134287,134319],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134288,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134290,42637],{"class":65},[59,134292,70],{"class":69},[59,134294,74],{"class":73},[59,134296,78],{"class":77},[59,134298,54],{"class":81},[59,134300,78],{"class":77},[59,134302,87],{"class":73},[59,134304,90],{"class":77},[59,134306,60981],{"class":81},[59,134308,78],{"class":77},[59,134310,87],{"class":73},[59,134312,90],{"class":77},[59,134314,133322],{"class":81},[59,134316,78],{"class":77},[59,134318,107],{"class":73},[59,134320,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134322,715],{"class":135},[59,134324,139],{"class":73},[59,134326,78],{"class":77},[59,134328,2047],{"class":81},[59,134330,78],{"class":77},[59,134332,358],{"class":73},[59,134334,133322],{"class":142},[59,134336,139],{"class":73},[59,134338,42669],{"class":142},[59,134340,710],{"class":73},[20,134342,168],{},[50,134344,134346],{"className":52,"code":134345,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"python-string-join\n",[15,134347,134348],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134349,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134351,54],{"class":65},[59,134353,2047],{"class":69},[59,134355,60981],{"class":65},[59,134357,2047],{"class":69},[59,134359,134360],{"class":65},"join\n",[1127,134362,134364,134367],{"id":134363},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134365,134366],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[50,134369,134371],{"className":52,"code":134370,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134372,134373,134406],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134374,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134402,134404],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134376,112742],{"class":65},[59,134378,70],{"class":69},[59,134380,74],{"class":73},[59,134382,78],{"class":77},[59,134384,22242],{"class":81},[59,134386,78],{"class":77},[59,134388,87],{"class":73},[59,134390,90],{"class":77},[59,134392,30588],{"class":81},[59,134394,78],{"class":77},[59,134396,87],{"class":73},[59,134398,90],{"class":77},[59,134400,134401],{"class":81},"C",[59,134403,78],{"class":77},[59,134405,107],{"class":73},[59,134407,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134423],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134409,715],{"class":135},[59,134411,139],{"class":73},[59,134413,6278],{"class":77},[59,134415,358],{"class":73},[59,134417,133322],{"class":142},[59,134419,139],{"class":73},[59,134421,134422],{"class":142},"chars",[59,134424,710],{"class":73},[20,134426,168],{},[50,134428,134430],{"className":52,"code":134429,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ABC\n",[15,134431,134432],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134433,134434],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134435,134429],{"class":1784},[45,134437,134439],{"id":134438},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134441,134442,134444],{},[15,134443,133245],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1127,134446,134448],{"id":134447},"this-works","This works",[50,134450,134452],{"className":52,"code":134451,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134453,134454,134486],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134455,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134457,3837],{"class":65},[59,134459,70],{"class":69},[59,134461,74],{"class":73},[59,134463,78],{"class":77},[59,134465,671],{"class":81},[59,134467,78],{"class":77},[59,134469,87],{"class":73},[59,134471,90],{"class":77},[59,134473,1222],{"class":81},[59,134475,78],{"class":77},[59,134477,87],{"class":73},[59,134479,90],{"class":77},[59,134481,1225],{"class":81},[59,134483,78],{"class":77},[59,134485,107],{"class":73},[59,134487,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134489,715],{"class":135},[59,134491,139],{"class":73},[59,134493,78],{"class":77},[59,134495,1208],{"class":81},[59,134497,78],{"class":77},[59,134499,358],{"class":73},[59,134501,133322],{"class":142},[59,134503,139],{"class":73},[59,134505,5366],{"class":142},[59,134507,710],{"class":73},[20,134509,168],{},[50,134511,134513],{"className":52,"code":134512,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134514,134515],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134516,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134518,671],{"class":178},[59,134520,87],{"class":73},[59,134522,676],{"class":178},[59,134524,87],{"class":73},[59,134526,134527],{"class":178}," 30\n",[1127,134529,134531],{"id":134530},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[50,134533,134535],{"className":52,"code":134534,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134536,134537,134557],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134538,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134540,3837],{"class":65},[59,134542,70],{"class":69},[59,134544,74],{"class":73},[59,134546,187],{"class":178},[59,134548,87],{"class":73},[59,134550,3009],{"class":178},[59,134552,87],{"class":73},[59,134554,2469],{"class":178},[59,134556,107],{"class":73},[59,134558,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134560,715],{"class":135},[59,134562,139],{"class":73},[59,134564,78],{"class":77},[59,134566,1208],{"class":81},[59,134568,78],{"class":77},[59,134570,358],{"class":73},[59,134572,133322],{"class":142},[59,134574,139],{"class":73},[59,134576,5366],{"class":142},[59,134578,710],{"class":73},[20,134580,90119,134581,134583],{},[15,134582,3021],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134585,134586],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[50,134588,134590],{"className":52,"code":134589,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134591,134592,134612,134642,134646],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134593,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134595,3837],{"class":65},[59,134597,70],{"class":69},[59,134599,74],{"class":73},[59,134601,187],{"class":178},[59,134603,87],{"class":73},[59,134605,3009],{"class":178},[59,134607,87],{"class":73},[59,134609,2469],{"class":178},[59,134611,107],{"class":73},[59,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134615,692],{"class":65},[59,134617,70],{"class":69},[59,134619,90],{"class":77},[59,134621,1208],{"class":81},[59,134623,78],{"class":77},[59,134625,358],{"class":73},[59,134627,133322],{"class":142},[59,134629,139],{"class":73},[59,134631,39658],{"class":135},[59,134633,139],{"class":73},[59,134635,3460],{"class":697},[59,134637,87],{"class":73},[59,134639,3899],{"class":142},[59,134641,710],{"class":73},[59,134643,134644],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,134645,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,134647,134648,134650,134652,134654],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,134649,715],{"class":135},[59,134651,139],{"class":73},[59,134653,720],{"class":142},[59,134655,165],{"class":73},[20,134657,168],{},[50,134659,134661],{"className":52,"code":134660,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134662,134663],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134666,187],{"class":178},[59,134668,87],{"class":73},[59,134670,3009],{"class":178},[59,134672,87],{"class":73},[59,134674,2595],{"class":178},[20,134676,134677,134678,358],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[354,134679,13,134680,536],{"href":41975},[15,134681,47486],{},[1127,134683,134685,134687],{"id":134684},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134686,3792],{}," values do not work directly",[50,134689,134691],{"className":52,"code":134690,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134692,134693,134721],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134694,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134696,3837],{"class":65},[59,134698,70],{"class":69},[59,134700,74],{"class":73},[59,134702,78],{"class":77},[59,134704,588],{"class":81},[59,134706,78],{"class":77},[59,134708,87],{"class":73},[59,134710,3868],{"class":3867},[59,134712,87],{"class":73},[59,134714,90],{"class":77},[59,134716,597],{"class":81},[59,134718,78],{"class":77},[59,134720,107],{"class":73},[59,134722,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134724,715],{"class":135},[59,134726,139],{"class":73},[59,134728,78],{"class":77},[59,134730,1208],{"class":81},[59,134732,78],{"class":77},[59,134734,358],{"class":73},[59,134736,133322],{"class":142},[59,134738,139],{"class":73},[59,134740,5366],{"class":142},[59,134742,710],{"class":73},[20,134744,134745,134746,358],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134747,3021],{},[20,134749,134750],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[50,134752,134754],{"className":52,"code":134753,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134755,134756,134784,134814,134818],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134757,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134759,3837],{"class":65},[59,134761,70],{"class":69},[59,134763,74],{"class":73},[59,134765,78],{"class":77},[59,134767,588],{"class":81},[59,134769,78],{"class":77},[59,134771,87],{"class":73},[59,134773,3868],{"class":3867},[59,134775,87],{"class":73},[59,134777,90],{"class":77},[59,134779,597],{"class":81},[59,134781,78],{"class":77},[59,134783,107],{"class":73},[59,134785,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134787,692],{"class":65},[59,134789,70],{"class":69},[59,134791,90],{"class":77},[59,134793,1208],{"class":81},[59,134795,78],{"class":77},[59,134797,358],{"class":73},[59,134799,133322],{"class":142},[59,134801,139],{"class":73},[59,134803,39658],{"class":135},[59,134805,139],{"class":73},[59,134807,3460],{"class":697},[59,134809,87],{"class":73},[59,134811,3899],{"class":142},[59,134813,710],{"class":73},[59,134815,134816],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,134817,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,134819,134820,134822,134824,134826],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,134821,715],{"class":135},[59,134823,139],{"class":73},[59,134825,720],{"class":142},[59,134827,165],{"class":73},[20,134829,168],{},[50,134831,134833],{"className":52,"code":134832,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134834,134835],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134836,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134838,588],{"class":65},[59,134840,87],{"class":73},[59,134842,3868],{"class":3867},[59,134844,87],{"class":73},[59,134846,134847],{"class":65}," banana\n",[20,134849,134850,134851,134853],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134852,3792],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1127,134855,134857,134859],{"id":134856},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134858,133245],{}," also works with tuples",[50,134861,134863],{"className":52,"code":134862,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134864,134865,134897],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134866,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134868,249],{"class":65},[59,134870,70],{"class":69},[59,134872,747],{"class":73},[59,134874,78],{"class":77},[59,134876,7685],{"class":81},[59,134878,78],{"class":77},[59,134880,87],{"class":73},[59,134882,90],{"class":77},[59,134884,131251],{"class":81},[59,134886,78],{"class":77},[59,134888,87],{"class":73},[59,134890,90],{"class":77},[59,134892,7927],{"class":81},[59,134894,78],{"class":77},[59,134896,165],{"class":73},[59,134898,134899,134901,134903,134905,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134900,715],{"class":135},[59,134902,139],{"class":73},[59,134904,78],{"class":77},[59,134906,134907],{"class":81}," \u002F ",[59,134909,78],{"class":77},[59,134911,358],{"class":73},[59,134913,133322],{"class":142},[59,134915,139],{"class":73},[59,134917,304],{"class":142},[59,134919,710],{"class":73},[20,134921,168],{},[50,134923,134925],{"className":52,"code":134924,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134926,134927],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134928,134929,134932,134934,134937,134939],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134930,134931],{"class":65},"Sam ",[59,134933,127055],{"class":69},[59,134935,134936],{"class":65}," Lee ",[59,134938,127055],{"class":69},[59,134940,22329],{"class":65},[45,134942,134944,134945],{"id":134943},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134946,133245],{},[20,134948,134949],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1127,134951,134953,134954,134956],{"id":134952},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134955,3021],{}," because not all items are strings",[50,134958,134960],{"className":52,"code":134959,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134961,134962,134990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,134963,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,134965,1251],{"class":65},[59,134967,70],{"class":69},[59,134969,74],{"class":73},[59,134971,78],{"class":77},[59,134973,354],{"class":81},[59,134975,78],{"class":77},[59,134977,87],{"class":73},[59,134979,3009],{"class":178},[59,134981,87],{"class":73},[59,134983,90],{"class":77},[59,134985,451],{"class":81},[59,134987,78],{"class":77},[59,134989,107],{"class":73},[59,134991,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,134993,715],{"class":135},[59,134995,139],{"class":73},[59,134997,78],{"class":77},[59,134999,90],{"class":77},[59,135001,358],{"class":73},[59,135003,133322],{"class":142},[59,135005,139],{"class":73},[59,135007,1297],{"class":142},[59,135009,710],{"class":73},[20,135011,48313,135012,135014],{},[15,135013,195],{}," is an integer.",[20,135016,39060],{},[50,135018,135020],{"className":52,"code":135019,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135021,135022,135050],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135023,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135025,1251],{"class":65},[59,135027,70],{"class":69},[59,135029,74],{"class":73},[59,135031,78],{"class":77},[59,135033,354],{"class":81},[59,135035,78],{"class":77},[59,135037,87],{"class":73},[59,135039,3009],{"class":178},[59,135041,87],{"class":73},[59,135043,90],{"class":77},[59,135045,451],{"class":81},[59,135047,78],{"class":77},[59,135049,107],{"class":73},[59,135051,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135053,715],{"class":135},[59,135055,139],{"class":73},[59,135057,78],{"class":77},[59,135059,90],{"class":77},[59,135061,358],{"class":73},[59,135063,133322],{"class":142},[59,135065,139],{"class":73},[59,135067,39658],{"class":135},[59,135069,139],{"class":73},[59,135071,3460],{"class":697},[59,135073,87],{"class":73},[59,135075,5972],{"class":142},[59,135077,1706],{"class":73},[20,135079,135080,135081,358],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[354,135082,25669,135084],{"href":135083},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135085,135086],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1127,135088,135090,135091,135093],{"id":135089},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135092,133245],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135095,4541],{},[50,135097,135099],{"className":52,"code":135098,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135100,135101,135133],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135102,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135104,4085],{"class":65},[59,135106,70],{"class":69},[59,135108,74],{"class":73},[59,135110,78],{"class":77},[59,135112,7304],{"class":81},[59,135114,78],{"class":77},[59,135116,87],{"class":73},[59,135118,90],{"class":77},[59,135120,12196],{"class":81},[59,135122,78],{"class":77},[59,135124,87],{"class":73},[59,135126,90],{"class":77},[59,135128,133303],{"class":81},[59,135130,78],{"class":77},[59,135132,107],{"class":73},[59,135134,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135136,692],{"class":65},[59,135138,70],{"class":69},[59,135140,6174],{"class":65},[59,135142,358],{"class":73},[59,135144,133322],{"class":142},[59,135146,139],{"class":73},[59,135148,78],{"class":77},[59,135150,90],{"class":77},[59,135152,165],{"class":73},[20,135154,135155,135157],{},[15,135156,133245],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135159,10809],{},[50,135161,135163],{"className":52,"code":135162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135164,135165,135197,135217,135221],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135166,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135168,4085],{"class":65},[59,135170,70],{"class":69},[59,135172,74],{"class":73},[59,135174,78],{"class":77},[59,135176,7304],{"class":81},[59,135178,78],{"class":77},[59,135180,87],{"class":73},[59,135182,90],{"class":77},[59,135184,12196],{"class":81},[59,135186,78],{"class":77},[59,135188,87],{"class":73},[59,135190,90],{"class":77},[59,135192,133303],{"class":81},[59,135194,78],{"class":77},[59,135196,107],{"class":73},[59,135198,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135200,692],{"class":65},[59,135202,70],{"class":69},[59,135204,90],{"class":77},[59,135206,90],{"class":77},[59,135208,358],{"class":73},[59,135210,133322],{"class":142},[59,135212,139],{"class":73},[59,135214,4127],{"class":142},[59,135216,165],{"class":73},[59,135218,135219],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,135220,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,135222,135223,135225,135227,135229],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,135224,715],{"class":135},[59,135226,139],{"class":73},[59,135228,720],{"class":142},[59,135230,165],{"class":73},[1127,135232,135234],{"id":135233},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[50,135236,135238],{"className":52,"code":135237,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135239,135240,135272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135241,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135243,4085],{"class":65},[59,135245,70],{"class":69},[59,135247,74],{"class":73},[59,135249,78],{"class":77},[59,135251,6592],{"class":81},[59,135253,78],{"class":77},[59,135255,87],{"class":73},[59,135257,90],{"class":77},[59,135259,79079],{"class":81},[59,135261,78],{"class":77},[59,135263,87],{"class":73},[59,135265,90],{"class":77},[59,135267,134049],{"class":81},[59,135269,78],{"class":77},[59,135271,107],{"class":73},[59,135273,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135275,715],{"class":135},[59,135277,139],{"class":73},[59,135279,6278],{"class":77},[59,135281,358],{"class":73},[59,135283,133322],{"class":142},[59,135285,139],{"class":73},[59,135287,4127],{"class":142},[59,135289,710],{"class":73},[20,135291,168],{},[50,135293,135295],{"className":52,"code":135294,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"onetwothree\n",[15,135296,135297],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135298,135299],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135300,135294],{"class":65},[20,135302,135303,135304,6638],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135305,133390],{},[1127,135307,135309,135310,131513],{"id":135308},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135311,133245],{},[50,135313,135315],{"className":52,"code":135314,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135316,135317,135349,135367,135371],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135318,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135320,4085],{"class":65},[59,135322,70],{"class":69},[59,135324,74],{"class":73},[59,135326,78],{"class":77},[59,135328,354],{"class":81},[59,135330,78],{"class":77},[59,135332,87],{"class":73},[59,135334,90],{"class":77},[59,135336,442],{"class":81},[59,135338,78],{"class":77},[59,135340,87],{"class":73},[59,135342,90],{"class":77},[59,135344,451],{"class":81},[59,135346,78],{"class":77},[59,135348,107],{"class":73},[59,135350,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135352,78],{"class":43129},[59,135354,2047],{"class":43133},[59,135356,78],{"class":43129},[59,135358,358],{"class":73},[59,135360,133322],{"class":142},[59,135362,139],{"class":73},[59,135364,4127],{"class":142},[59,135366,165],{"class":73},[59,135368,135369],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,135370,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,135374,715],{"class":135},[59,135376,139],{"class":73},[59,135378,4127],{"class":142},[59,135380,165],{"class":73},[20,135382,168],{},[50,135384,135385],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,135386,135387],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135388,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135390,3914],{"class":73},[59,135392,1725],{"class":77},[59,135394,354],{"class":81},[59,135396,1725],{"class":77},[59,135398,87],{"class":73},[59,135400,1734],{"class":77},[59,135402,442],{"class":81},[59,135404,1725],{"class":77},[59,135406,87],{"class":73},[59,135408,1734],{"class":77},[59,135410,451],{"class":81},[59,135412,1725],{"class":77},[59,135414,107],{"class":73},[20,135416,135417,135418,135420],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135419,133245],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[45,135422,135424,135426,135427],{"id":135423},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135425,133245],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135428,2084],{},[20,135430,10591,135431,4408,135433,135435],{},[15,135432,133245],{},[15,135434,2084],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1127,135437,201,135439,135441],{"id":135438},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135440,2084],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[50,135443,135445],{"className":52,"code":135444,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135446,135447,135460,135473,135493,135497],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135448,135449,135452,135454,135456,135458],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135450,135451],{"class":65},"first ",[59,135453,70],{"class":69},[59,135455,90],{"class":77},[59,135457,34855],{"class":81},[59,135459,3374],{"class":77},[59,135461,135462,135465,135467,135469,135471],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135463,135464],{"class":65},"second ",[59,135466,70],{"class":69},[59,135468,90],{"class":77},[59,135470,89548],{"class":81},[59,135472,3374],{"class":77},[59,135474,135475,135477,135479,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,135476,692],{"class":65},[59,135478,70],{"class":69},[59,135480,135481],{"class":65}," first ",[59,135483,2084],{"class":69},[59,135485,90],{"class":77},[59,135487,90],{"class":77},[59,135489,2472],{"class":69},[59,135491,135492],{"class":65}," second\n",[59,135494,135495],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,135496,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,135498,135499,135501,135503,135505],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,135500,715],{"class":135},[59,135502,139],{"class":73},[59,135504,720],{"class":142},[59,135506,165],{"class":73},[20,135508,168],{},[50,135510,135512],{"className":52,"code":135511,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Hello World\n",[15,135513,135514],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135515,135516],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135517,135511],{"class":65},[1127,135519,201,135521,135523],{"id":135520},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135522,133245],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[50,135525,135527],{"className":52,"code":135526,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135528,135529,135571,135591,135595],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135550,135552,135554,135556,135559,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135532,4085],{"class":65},[59,135534,70],{"class":69},[59,135536,74],{"class":73},[59,135538,78],{"class":77},[59,135540,7304],{"class":81},[59,135542,78],{"class":77},[59,135544,87],{"class":73},[59,135546,90],{"class":77},[59,135548,135549],{"class":81},"makes",[59,135551,78],{"class":77},[59,135553,87],{"class":73},[59,135555,90],{"class":77},[59,135557,135558],{"class":81},"this",[59,135560,78],{"class":77},[59,135562,87],{"class":73},[59,135564,90],{"class":77},[59,135566,133744],{"class":81},[59,135568,78],{"class":77},[59,135570,107],{"class":73},[59,135572,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135574,692],{"class":65},[59,135576,70],{"class":69},[59,135578,90],{"class":77},[59,135580,90],{"class":77},[59,135582,358],{"class":73},[59,135584,133322],{"class":142},[59,135586,139],{"class":73},[59,135588,4127],{"class":142},[59,135590,165],{"class":73},[59,135592,135593],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,135594,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,135596,135597,135599,135601,135603],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,135598,715],{"class":135},[59,135600,139],{"class":73},[59,135602,720],{"class":142},[59,135604,165],{"class":73},[20,135606,168],{},[50,135608,135610],{"className":52,"code":135609,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135611,135612],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135613,135614],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135615,135609],{"class":65},[20,135617,135618,135620],{},[15,135619,133245],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[29,135622,135623,135626,135629],{},[32,135624,135625],{},"You already have a list of strings",[32,135627,135628],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[32,135630,135631,135632,135634],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135633,2084],{}," operators",[20,135636,135637,135638,358],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[354,135639,135641],{"href":135640},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[45,135643,135645],{"id":135644},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135647,8879,135648,135650],{},[15,135649,133245],{}," is not working, check these first:",[29,135652,135653,135656,135661,135670,135676],{},[32,135654,135655],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[32,135657,135658,135659],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135660,3792],{},[32,135662,135663,135664,999,135667],{},"You may have written ",[15,135665,135666],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135668,135669],{},"string.join(...)",[32,135671,135672,135673,135675],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135674,133245],{}," to change the original iterable",[32,135677,135678],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135680,94188],{},[50,135682,135684],{"className":52,"code":135683,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135685,135686,135700,135710,135734,135774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,135687,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,135689,715],{"class":135},[59,135691,139],{"class":73},[59,135693,3239],{"class":697},[59,135695,139],{"class":73},[59,135697,1297],{"class":142},[59,135699,710],{"class":73},[59,135701,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,135703,715],{"class":135},[59,135705,139],{"class":73},[59,135707,1297],{"class":142},[59,135709,165],{"class":73},[59,135711,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,135713,715],{"class":135},[59,135715,1629],{"class":73},[59,135717,3239],{"class":697},[59,135719,139],{"class":73},[59,135721,23304],{"class":142},[59,135723,3675],{"class":73},[59,135725,958],{"class":120},[59,135727,1288],{"class":142},[59,135729,132],{"class":120},[59,135731,5972],{"class":142},[59,135733,3902],{"class":73},[59,135735,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,135737,715],{"class":135},[59,135739,139],{"class":73},[59,135741,1725],{"class":77},[59,135743,1734],{"class":77},[59,135745,358],{"class":73},[59,135747,133322],{"class":142},[59,135749,1629],{"class":73},[59,135751,1725],{"class":77},[59,135753,354],{"class":81},[59,135755,1725],{"class":77},[59,135757,87],{"class":73},[59,135759,1734],{"class":77},[59,135761,442],{"class":81},[59,135763,1725],{"class":77},[59,135765,87],{"class":73},[59,135767,1734],{"class":77},[59,135769,451],{"class":81},[59,135771,1725],{"class":77},[59,135773,1642],{"class":73},[59,135775,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810,135812],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,135777,715],{"class":135},[59,135779,139],{"class":73},[59,135781,1725],{"class":77},[59,135783,1208],{"class":81},[59,135785,1725],{"class":77},[59,135787,358],{"class":73},[59,135789,133322],{"class":142},[59,135791,139],{"class":73},[59,135793,39658],{"class":135},[59,135795,139],{"class":73},[59,135797,3460],{"class":697},[59,135799,87],{"class":73},[59,135801,74],{"class":73},[59,135803,187],{"class":178},[59,135805,87],{"class":73},[59,135807,3009],{"class":178},[59,135809,87],{"class":73},[59,135811,2469],{"class":178},[59,135813,1670],{"class":73},[20,135815,135816],{},"What these checks do:",[29,135818,135819,135827,135833,135839,135848],{},[32,135820,135821,135824,135825,8101],{},[15,135822,135823],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135826,1297],{},[32,135828,135829,135832],{},[15,135830,135831],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[32,135834,135835,135838],{},[15,135836,135837],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[32,135840,135841,135844,135845,135847],{},[15,135842,135843],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135846,133245],{}," behavior",[32,135849,135850,135853],{},[15,135851,135852],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[45,135855,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,135857,1882,135859,135861],{"id":135858},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135860,133245],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135863,135864,135865,135867,135868,358],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135866,133245],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135869,135870],{},"map(str, values)",[1127,135872,1882,135874,56969],{"id":135873},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135875,133245],{},[20,135877,135878],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1127,135880,28318,135882,62442],{"id":135881},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135883,133245],{},[20,135885,41952,135886,135888],{},[15,135887,133245],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1127,135890,1872,135892,39759],{"id":135891},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135893,135894],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135896,135897],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1127,135899,135901,135902,135904,135905,1905],{"id":135900},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135903,3021],{}," when using ",[15,135906,133245],{},[20,135908,135909],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[45,135911,1927],{"id":1926},[29,135913,135914,135919,135925,135931,135937],{},[32,135915,135916],{},[354,135917,135918],{"href":135640},"How to join strings in Python",[32,135920,135921],{},[354,135922,126163,135923,10742],{"href":128850},[15,135924,60338],{},[32,135926,135927],{},[354,135928,13,135929,536],{"href":41975},[15,135930,47486],{},[32,135932,135933],{},[354,135934,30335,135935],{"href":135083},[15,135936,135086],{},[32,135938,135939],{},[354,135940,124918],{"href":50779},[20,135942,97158,135943,135945],{},[15,135944,133245],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1953,135947,135948],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":135950},[135951,135952,135954,135957,135964,135974,135982,135992,135999,136000,136012],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":133362,"depth":110,"text":135953},"What join() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":135955},[135956],{"id":48812,"depth":117,"text":48813},{"id":121693,"depth":110,"text":121694,"children":135958},[135959,135960,135961,135962],{"id":133709,"depth":117,"text":133710},{"id":133801,"depth":117,"text":133802},{"id":133902,"depth":117,"text":133903},{"id":134011,"depth":117,"text":135963},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134114,"depth":110,"text":134115,"children":135965},[135966,135968,135970,135972],{"id":134121,"depth":117,"text":135967},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134188,"depth":117,"text":135969},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134277,"depth":117,"text":135971},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134363,"depth":117,"text":135973},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134438,"depth":110,"text":134439,"children":135975},[135976,135977,135978,135980],{"id":134447,"depth":117,"text":134448},{"id":134530,"depth":117,"text":134531},{"id":134684,"depth":117,"text":135979},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134856,"depth":117,"text":135981},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134943,"depth":110,"text":135983,"children":135984},"Common errors with join()",[135985,135987,135989,135990],{"id":134952,"depth":117,"text":135986},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135089,"depth":117,"text":135988},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135233,"depth":117,"text":135234},{"id":135308,"depth":117,"text":135991},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135423,"depth":110,"text":135993,"children":135994},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135995,135997],{"id":135438,"depth":117,"text":135996},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135520,"depth":117,"text":135998},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135644,"depth":110,"text":135645},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":136001},[136002,136004,136006,136008,136010],{"id":135858,"depth":117,"text":136003},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135873,"depth":117,"text":136005},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135881,"depth":117,"text":136007},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135891,"depth":117,"text":136009},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135900,"depth":117,"text":136011},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133237,"description":136013},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136020,"title":136021,"body":136022,"description":137590,"extension":1988,"meta":137591,"navigation":113,"path":137592,"seo":137593,"stem":137594,"__hash__":137595},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136023,"toc":137557},[136024,136029,136034,136036,136050,136095,136102,136107,136112,136114,136130,136139,136141,136143,136158,136160,136170,136172,136234,136236,136239,136300,136302,136318,136320,136333,136336,136383,136385,136391,136394,136397,136457,136465,136551,136555,136560,136562,136576,136579,136664,136667,136725,136736,136791,136793,136800,136806,136812,136856,136859,136906,136908,136910,136917,136919,136950,136953,136955,136986,136990,136993,136995,137035,137037,137080,137086,137091,137093,137120,137125,137128,137177,137181,137184,137259,137270,137273,137330,137337,137343,137351,137356,137363,137370,137388,137390,137444,137452,137454,137459,137462,137468,137474,137479,137482,137488,137494,137501,137509,137511,137554],[10,136025,123163,136027,11324],{"id":136026},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136028,123893],{},[20,136030,123168,136031,136033],{},[15,136032,123893],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136035,24081],{},[29,136037,136038,136041,136044,136047],{},[32,136039,136040],{},"convert text to lowercase",[32,136042,136043],{},"compare text without case differences",[32,136045,136046],{},"clean up user input",[32,136048,136049],{},"make simple text matching easier",[50,136051,136053],{"className":52,"code":136052,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136054,136055,136068,136082],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136056,136057,136059,136061,136063,136066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136058,34675],{"class":65},[59,136060,70],{"class":69},[59,136062,90],{"class":77},[59,136064,136065],{"class":81},"Hello WORLD",[59,136067,3374],{"class":77},[59,136069,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136071,692],{"class":65},[59,136073,70],{"class":69},[59,136075,42642],{"class":65},[59,136077,358],{"class":73},[59,136079,8644],{"class":142},[59,136081,8647],{"class":73},[59,136083,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136085,715],{"class":135},[59,136087,139],{"class":73},[59,136089,720],{"class":142},[59,136091,3675],{"class":73},[59,136093,136094],{"class":3678},"  # hello world\n",[20,136096,136097,88771,136099,136101],{},[549,136098,83629],{},[15,136100,123893],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[45,136103,208,136105,211],{"id":136104},"what-lower-does",[15,136106,123893],{},[20,136108,136109,136111],{},[15,136110,123893],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136113,13054],{},[29,136115,136116,136121,136124,136127],{},[32,136117,136118,136120],{},[15,136119,123893],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[32,136122,136123],{},"It works on string objects",[32,136125,136126],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[32,136128,136129],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136131,124915,136132,136136,136137,358],{},[354,136133,136135],{"href":136134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[354,136138,50780],{"href":50779},[45,136140,362],{"id":361},[20,136142,365],{},[50,136144,136146],{"className":52,"code":136145,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.lower()\n",[15,136147,136148],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136149,136150,136152,136154,136156],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136151,60981],{"class":65},[59,136153,358],{"class":73},[59,136155,8644],{"class":142},[59,136157,8647],{"class":73},[20,136159,43451],{},[29,136161,136162,136164,136167],{},[32,136163,97336],{},[32,136165,136166],{},"You call it directly on a string",[32,136168,136169],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136171,239],{},[50,136173,136175],{"className":52,"code":136174,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136176,136177,136200,136204,136217],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136178,136179,136181,136183,136185,136188,136190,136192,136194,136197],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136180,715],{"class":135},[59,136182,139],{"class":73},[59,136184,78],{"class":77},[59,136186,136187],{"class":81},"HELLO",[59,136189,78],{"class":77},[59,136191,358],{"class":73},[59,136193,8644],{"class":142},[59,136195,136196],{"class":73},"())",[59,136198,136199],{"class":3678},"  # hello\n",[59,136201,136202],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136203,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136205,136206,136208,136210,136212,136215],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136207,7882],{"class":65},[59,136209,70],{"class":69},[59,136211,90],{"class":77},[59,136213,136214],{"class":81},"PyThOn",[59,136216,3374],{"class":77},[59,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227,136229,136231],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136220,715],{"class":135},[59,136222,139],{"class":73},[59,136224,7676],{"class":142},[59,136226,358],{"class":73},[59,136228,8644],{"class":142},[59,136230,136196],{"class":73},[59,136232,136233],{"class":3678},"  # python\n",[45,136235,11478],{"id":11477},[20,136237,136238],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[50,136240,136242],{"className":52,"code":136241,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136243,136244,136256,136260,136275,136279,136290],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136245,136246,136248,136250,136252,136254],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136247,34675],{"class":65},[59,136249,70],{"class":69},[59,136251,90],{"class":77},[59,136253,136065],{"class":81},[59,136255,3374],{"class":77},[59,136257,136258],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136259,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136261,136262,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136263,136264],{"class":65},"lower_text ",[59,136266,70],{"class":69},[59,136268,42642],{"class":65},[59,136270,358],{"class":73},[59,136272,8644],{"class":142},[59,136274,8647],{"class":73},[59,136276,136277],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136278,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136280,136281,136283,136285,136288],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,136282,715],{"class":135},[59,136284,139],{"class":73},[59,136286,136287],{"class":142},"lower_text",[59,136289,165],{"class":73},[59,136291,136292,136294,136296,136298],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,136293,715],{"class":135},[59,136295,139],{"class":73},[59,136297,34696],{"class":142},[59,136299,165],{"class":73},[20,136301,168],{},[50,136303,136305],{"className":52,"code":136304,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136306,136307,136311],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136308,136309],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136310,134179],{"class":65},[59,136312,136313,136315],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136314,131579],{"class":65},[59,136316,136317],{"class":1784},"WORLD\n",[20,136319,24601],{},[29,136321,136322,136327],{},[32,136323,136324,136326],{},[15,136325,123893],{}," returns the lowercase result",[32,136328,136329,136330,136332],{},"the original ",[15,136331,34696],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136334,136335],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[50,136337,136339],{"className":52,"code":136338,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136340,136341,136353,136367,136371],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136342,136343,136345,136347,136349,136351],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136344,34675],{"class":65},[59,136346,70],{"class":69},[59,136348,90],{"class":77},[59,136350,136065],{"class":81},[59,136352,3374],{"class":77},[59,136354,136355,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136356,34675],{"class":65},[59,136358,70],{"class":69},[59,136360,42642],{"class":65},[59,136362,358],{"class":73},[59,136364,8644],{"class":142},[59,136366,8647],{"class":73},[59,136368,136369],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136370,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136374,715],{"class":135},[59,136376,139],{"class":73},[59,136378,34696],{"class":142},[59,136380,3675],{"class":73},[59,136382,136094],{"class":3678},[45,136384,17419],{"id":17418},[20,136386,136387,21972,136389,358],{},[15,136388,123893],{},[549,136390,60981],{},[20,136392,136393],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136395,136396],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[50,136398,136400],{"className":52,"code":136399,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136401,136402,136416,136420,136443],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136403,136404,136407,136409,136411,136414],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136405,136406],{"class":65},"answer ",[59,136408,70],{"class":69},[59,136410,90],{"class":77},[59,136412,136413],{"class":81},"YES",[59,136415,3374],{"class":77},[59,136417,136418],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136419,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136421,136422,136424,136427,136429,136431,136433,136435,136437,136439,136441],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136423,7004],{"class":120},[59,136425,136426],{"class":65}," answer",[59,136428,358],{"class":73},[59,136430,8644],{"class":142},[59,136432,7373],{"class":73},[59,136434,6414],{"class":69},[59,136436,90],{"class":77},[59,136438,8662],{"class":81},[59,136440,78],{"class":77},[59,136442,1561],{"class":73},[59,136444,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453,136455],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136446,152],{"class":135},[59,136448,139],{"class":73},[59,136450,78],{"class":77},[59,136452,96645],{"class":81},[59,136454,78],{"class":77},[59,136456,165],{"class":73},[20,136458,136459,136460,1002],{},"This is especially useful with ",[354,136461,136462,136463,2320],{"href":8224},"the ",[15,136464,2975],{},[50,136466,136468],{"className":52,"code":136467,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136469,136470,136489,136493,136515,136530,136536],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136471,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482,136485,136487],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136473,136406],{"class":65},[59,136475,70],{"class":69},[59,136477,8247],{"class":135},[59,136479,139],{"class":73},[59,136481,78],{"class":77},[59,136483,136484],{"class":81},"Type yes or no: ",[59,136486,78],{"class":77},[59,136488,165],{"class":73},[59,136490,136491],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136492,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509,136511,136513],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136496,7004],{"class":120},[59,136498,136426],{"class":65},[59,136500,358],{"class":73},[59,136502,8644],{"class":142},[59,136504,7373],{"class":73},[59,136506,6414],{"class":69},[59,136508,90],{"class":77},[59,136510,8662],{"class":81},[59,136512,78],{"class":77},[59,136514,1561],{"class":73},[59,136516,136517,136519,136521,136523,136526,136528],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136518,152],{"class":135},[59,136520,139],{"class":73},[59,136522,78],{"class":77},[59,136524,136525],{"class":81},"You typed yes",[59,136527,78],{"class":77},[59,136529,165],{"class":73},[59,136531,136532,136534],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,136533,27424],{"class":120},[59,136535,1561],{"class":73},[59,136537,136538,136540,136542,136544,136547,136549],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,136539,152],{"class":135},[59,136541,139],{"class":73},[59,136543,78],{"class":77},[59,136545,136546],{"class":81},"You typed something else",[59,136548,78],{"class":77},[59,136550,165],{"class":73},[45,136552,136554],{"id":136553},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136556,136557,136559],{},[15,136558,123893],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136561,7350],{},[29,136563,136564,136567,136570,136573],{},[32,136565,136566],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[32,136568,136569],{},"Make text matching easier",[32,136571,136572],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[32,136574,136575],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136577,136578],{},"Example: checking user input",[50,136580,136582],{"className":52,"code":136581,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136583,136584,136602,136606,136628,136643,136649],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136585,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594,136596,136598,136600],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136587,44760],{"class":65},[59,136589,70],{"class":69},[59,136591,8247],{"class":135},[59,136593,139],{"class":73},[59,136595,78],{"class":77},[59,136597,44771],{"class":81},[59,136599,78],{"class":77},[59,136601,165],{"class":73},[59,136603,136604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136605,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136607,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136609,7004],{"class":120},[59,136611,162],{"class":65},[59,136613,358],{"class":73},[59,136615,8644],{"class":142},[59,136617,7373],{"class":73},[59,136619,6414],{"class":69},[59,136621,90],{"class":77},[59,136623,102],{"class":81},[59,136625,78],{"class":77},[59,136627,1561],{"class":73},[59,136629,136630,136632,136634,136636,136639,136641],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136631,152],{"class":135},[59,136633,139],{"class":73},[59,136635,78],{"class":77},[59,136637,136638],{"class":81},"Nice choice!",[59,136640,78],{"class":77},[59,136642,165],{"class":73},[59,136644,136645,136647],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,136646,27424],{"class":120},[59,136648,1561],{"class":73},[59,136650,136651,136653,136655,136657,136660,136662],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,136652,152],{"class":135},[59,136654,139],{"class":73},[59,136656,78],{"class":77},[59,136658,136659],{"class":81},"Got it.",[59,136661,78],{"class":77},[59,136663,165],{"class":73},[20,136665,136666],{},"Example: simple search",[50,136668,136670],{"className":52,"code":136669,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136671,136672,136685,136689,136710],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136673,136674,136676,136678,136680,136683],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136675,89815],{"class":65},[59,136677,70],{"class":69},[59,136679,90],{"class":77},[59,136681,136682],{"class":81},"Python Is Fun",[59,136684,3374],{"class":77},[59,136686,136687],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136688,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136690,136691,136693,136695,136697,136699,136701,136704,136706,136708],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136692,7004],{"class":120},[59,136694,90],{"class":77},[59,136696,54],{"class":81},[59,136698,78],{"class":77},[59,136700,21173],{"class":69},[59,136702,136703],{"class":65}," message",[59,136705,358],{"class":73},[59,136707,8644],{"class":142},[59,136709,21593],{"class":73},[59,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136721,136723],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136713,152],{"class":135},[59,136715,139],{"class":73},[59,136717,78],{"class":77},[59,136719,136720],{"class":81},"Found it",[59,136722,78],{"class":77},[59,136724,165],{"class":73},[20,136726,136727,136728,136730,136731,1002],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136729,123893],{}," is often used with ",[354,136732,136734],{"href":136733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136735,41453],{},[50,136737,136739],{"className":52,"code":136738,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136740,136741,136754,136773,136777],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136742,136743,136745,136747,136749,136752],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136744,7882],{"class":65},[59,136746,70],{"class":69},[59,136748,90],{"class":77},[59,136750,136751],{"class":81},"  ALICE  ",[59,136753,3374],{"class":77},[59,136755,136756,136759,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136757,136758],{"class":65},"clean_name ",[59,136760,70],{"class":69},[59,136762,319],{"class":65},[59,136764,358],{"class":73},[59,136766,8638],{"class":142},[59,136768,8641],{"class":73},[59,136770,8644],{"class":142},[59,136772,8647],{"class":73},[59,136774,136775],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136776,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136778,136779,136781,136783,136786,136788],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136780,715],{"class":135},[59,136782,139],{"class":73},[59,136784,136785],{"class":142},"clean_name",[59,136787,3675],{"class":73},[59,136789,136790],{"class":3678},"  # alice\n",[45,136792,15597],{"id":15596},[20,136794,136795,136796,136799],{},"Strings are ",[549,136797,136798],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136801,136802,136803,136805],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136804,123893],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136807,136808,136809,136811],{},"So this does ",[549,136810,4647],{}," update the original variable:",[50,136813,136815],{"className":52,"code":136814,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136816,136817,136829,136839,136843],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136818,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136820,34675],{"class":65},[59,136822,70],{"class":69},[59,136824,90],{"class":77},[59,136826,136187],{"class":81},[59,136828,3374],{"class":77},[59,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136832,34696],{"class":65},[59,136834,358],{"class":73},[59,136836,8644],{"class":142},[59,136838,8647],{"class":73},[59,136840,136841],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136842,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136844,136845,136847,136849,136851,136853],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136846,715],{"class":135},[59,136848,139],{"class":73},[59,136850,34696],{"class":142},[59,136852,3675],{"class":73},[59,136854,136855],{"class":3678},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136857,136858],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[50,136860,136862],{"className":52,"code":136861,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136863,136864,136876,136890,136894],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136867,34675],{"class":65},[59,136869,70],{"class":69},[59,136871,90],{"class":77},[59,136873,136187],{"class":81},[59,136875,3374],{"class":77},[59,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136879,34675],{"class":65},[59,136881,70],{"class":69},[59,136883,42642],{"class":65},[59,136885,358],{"class":73},[59,136887,8644],{"class":142},[59,136889,8647],{"class":73},[59,136891,136892],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,136893,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,136895,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,136897,715],{"class":135},[59,136899,139],{"class":73},[59,136901,34696],{"class":142},[59,136903,3675],{"class":73},[59,136905,136199],{"class":3678},[45,136907,1579],{"id":1578},[1127,136909,25677],{"id":25676},[20,136911,136912,136913,999,136915,358],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136914,8644],{},[15,136916,123893],{},[20,136918,16644],{},[50,136920,136922],{"className":52,"code":136921,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136923,136924,136936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136927,34675],{"class":65},[59,136929,70],{"class":69},[59,136931,90],{"class":77},[59,136933,136187],{"class":81},[59,136935,3374],{"class":77},[59,136937,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946,136948],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136939,715],{"class":135},[59,136941,139],{"class":73},[59,136943,34696],{"class":142},[59,136945,358],{"class":73},[59,136947,8644],{"class":929},[59,136949,165],{"class":73},[20,136951,136952],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136954,16656],{},[50,136956,136958],{"className":52,"code":136957,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136959,136960,136972],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,136961,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,136963,34675],{"class":65},[59,136965,70],{"class":69},[59,136967,90],{"class":77},[59,136969,136187],{"class":81},[59,136971,3374],{"class":77},[59,136973,136974,136976,136978,136980,136982,136984],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,136975,715],{"class":135},[59,136977,139],{"class":73},[59,136979,34696],{"class":142},[59,136981,358],{"class":73},[59,136983,8644],{"class":142},[59,136985,7201],{"class":73},[1127,136987,136989],{"id":136988},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136991,136992],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136994,16644],{},[50,136996,136998],{"className":52,"code":136997,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136999,137000,137012,137022],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137001,137002,137004,137006,137008,137010],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137003,34675],{"class":65},[59,137005,70],{"class":69},[59,137007,90],{"class":77},[59,137009,136187],{"class":81},[59,137011,3374],{"class":77},[59,137013,137014,137016,137018,137020],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137015,34696],{"class":65},[59,137017,358],{"class":73},[59,137019,8644],{"class":142},[59,137021,8647],{"class":73},[59,137023,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137025,715],{"class":135},[59,137027,139],{"class":73},[59,137029,34696],{"class":142},[59,137031,3675],{"class":73},[59,137033,137034],{"class":3678},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137036,16656],{},[50,137038,137040],{"className":52,"code":137039,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137041,137042,137054,137068],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137043,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137045,34675],{"class":65},[59,137047,70],{"class":69},[59,137049,90],{"class":77},[59,137051,136187],{"class":81},[59,137053,3374],{"class":77},[59,137055,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064,137066],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137057,34675],{"class":65},[59,137059,70],{"class":69},[59,137061,42642],{"class":65},[59,137063,358],{"class":73},[59,137065,8644],{"class":142},[59,137067,8647],{"class":73},[59,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137071,715],{"class":135},[59,137073,139],{"class":73},[59,137075,34696],{"class":142},[59,137077,3675],{"class":73},[59,137079,136199],{"class":3678},[1127,137081,1599,137083,137085],{"id":137082},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137084,123893],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137087,137088,137090],{},[15,137089,123893],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137092,16644],{},[50,137094,137096],{"className":52,"code":137095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137097,137098,137106],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137099,137100,137102,137104],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137101,2236],{"class":65},[59,137103,70],{"class":69},[59,137105,124845],{"class":178},[59,137107,137108,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137109,715],{"class":135},[59,137111,139],{"class":73},[59,137113,896],{"class":142},[59,137115,358],{"class":73},[59,137117,8644],{"class":142},[59,137119,7201],{"class":73},[20,137121,137122,137123,33588],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137124,123893],{},[20,137126,137127],{},"You can check the type first:",[50,137129,137131],{"className":52,"code":137130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137132,137133,137145,137149,137163],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137134,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137136,34675],{"class":65},[59,137138,70],{"class":69},[59,137140,90],{"class":77},[59,137142,136187],{"class":81},[59,137144,3374],{"class":77},[59,137146,137147],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137148,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,137150,137151,137153,137155,137157,137159,137161],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137152,715],{"class":135},[59,137154,139],{"class":73},[59,137156,3239],{"class":697},[59,137158,139],{"class":73},[59,137160,34696],{"class":142},[59,137162,710],{"class":73},[59,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,137166,715],{"class":135},[59,137168,139],{"class":73},[59,137170,34696],{"class":142},[59,137172,358],{"class":73},[59,137174,8644],{"class":142},[59,137176,7201],{"class":73},[1127,137178,137180],{"id":137179},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137182,137183],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[50,137185,137187],{"className":52,"code":137186,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137188,137189,137202,137206,137223,137238,137244],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137190,137191,137193,137195,137197,137200],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137192,136406],{"class":65},[59,137194,70],{"class":69},[59,137196,90],{"class":77},[59,137198,137199],{"class":81},"Yes",[59,137201,3374],{"class":77},[59,137203,137204],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137205,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,137207,137208,137210,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137209,7004],{"class":120},[59,137211,137212],{"class":65}," answer ",[59,137214,4705],{"class":69},[59,137216,90],{"class":77},[59,137218,8662],{"class":81},[59,137220,78],{"class":77},[59,137222,1561],{"class":73},[59,137224,137225,137227,137229,137231,137234,137236],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,137226,152],{"class":135},[59,137228,139],{"class":73},[59,137230,78],{"class":77},[59,137232,137233],{"class":81},"Match",[59,137235,78],{"class":77},[59,137237,165],{"class":73},[59,137239,137240,137242],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,137241,27424],{"class":120},[59,137243,1561],{"class":73},[59,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137255,137257],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,137247,152],{"class":135},[59,137249,139],{"class":73},[59,137251,78],{"class":77},[59,137253,137254],{"class":81},"No match",[59,137256,78],{"class":77},[59,137258,165],{"class":73},[20,137260,1397,137261,4408,137264,137267,137268,358],{},[15,137262,137263],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137265,137266],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137269,137254],{},[20,137271,137272],{},"Better:",[50,137274,137276],{"className":52,"code":137275,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137277,137278,137290,137294,137316],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137279,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137281,136406],{"class":65},[59,137283,70],{"class":69},[59,137285,90],{"class":77},[59,137287,137199],{"class":81},[59,137289,3374],{"class":77},[59,137291,137292],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137293,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,137295,137296,137298,137300,137302,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137297,7004],{"class":120},[59,137299,136426],{"class":65},[59,137301,358],{"class":73},[59,137303,8644],{"class":142},[59,137305,7373],{"class":73},[59,137307,6414],{"class":69},[59,137309,90],{"class":77},[59,137311,8662],{"class":81},[59,137313,78],{"class":77},[59,137315,1561],{"class":73},[59,137317,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,137319,152],{"class":135},[59,137321,139],{"class":73},[59,137323,78],{"class":77},[59,137325,137233],{"class":81},[59,137327,78],{"class":77},[59,137329,165],{"class":73},[1127,137331,44014,137333,137336],{"id":137332},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137334,137335],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137338,137339,137340,137342],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137341,123893],{}," is enough.",[20,137344,137345,137346,137348,137349,358],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137347,137335],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137350,123893],{},[20,137352,137353,137354,122405],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137355,123893],{},[45,137357,137359,10586,137361],{"id":137358},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137360,123893],{},[15,137362,128041],{},[20,137364,137365,4408,137367,137369],{},[15,137366,123893],{},[15,137368,128041],{}," are very similar.",[29,137371,137372,137377,137382,137385],{},[32,137373,137374,137376],{},[15,137375,123893],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[32,137378,137379,137381],{},[15,137380,128041],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[32,137383,137384],{},"Both return new strings",[32,137386,137387],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137389,239],{},[50,137391,137393],{"className":52,"code":137392,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137394,137395,137407,137411,137427],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137396,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137398,34675],{"class":65},[59,137400,70],{"class":69},[59,137402,90],{"class":77},[59,137404,128882],{"class":81},[59,137406,3374],{"class":77},[59,137408,137409],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137410,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,137412,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137414,715],{"class":135},[59,137416,139],{"class":73},[59,137418,34696],{"class":142},[59,137420,358],{"class":73},[59,137422,8644],{"class":142},[59,137424,136196],{"class":73},[59,137426,136094],{"class":3678},[59,137428,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439,137441],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,137430,715],{"class":135},[59,137432,139],{"class":73},[59,137434,34696],{"class":142},[59,137436,358],{"class":73},[59,137438,34465],{"class":142},[59,137440,136196],{"class":73},[59,137442,137443],{"class":3678},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137445,137446,137447,358],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[354,137448,126163,137450,10742],{"href":137449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137451,128041],{},[45,137453,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,137455,1882,137457,124490],{"id":137456},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137458,123893],{},[20,137460,137461],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1127,137463,1882,137465,137467],{"id":137464},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137466,123893],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137469,137470,137471,358],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137472,137473],{},"string.lower()",[1127,137475,1872,137477,12718],{"id":137476},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137478,123893],{},[20,137480,137481],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1127,137483,28318,137485,137487],{"id":137484},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137486,123893],{}," on user input?",[20,137489,137490,137491,137493],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137492,2975],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1127,137495,5190,137497,4408,137499,1905],{"id":137496},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137498,123893],{},[15,137500,137335],{},[20,137502,137503,137505,137506,137508],{},[15,137504,123893],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137507,137335],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[45,137510,1927],{"id":1926},[29,137512,137513,137517,137523,137529,137535,137539,137543,137549],{},[32,137514,137515],{},[354,137516,50780],{"href":50779},[32,137518,137519],{},[354,137520,126163,137521,10742],{"href":137449},[15,137522,128041],{},[32,137524,137525],{},[354,137526,126163,137527,10742],{"href":136733},[15,137528,41453],{},[32,137530,137531],{},[354,137532,126163,137533,10742],{"href":129744},[15,137534,124334],{},[32,137536,137537],{},[354,137538,124562],{"href":123418},[32,137540,137541],{},[354,137542,90491],{"href":89500},[32,137544,137545],{},[354,137546,13,137547,536],{"href":8224},[15,137548,2975],{},[32,137550,137551],{},[354,137552,137553],{"href":136134},"What is a string in Python?",[1953,137555,137556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":137558},[137559,137561,137562,137563,137564,137565,137566,137575,137577,137589],{"id":136104,"depth":110,"text":137560},"What lower() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":136553,"depth":110,"text":136554},{"id":15596,"depth":110,"text":15597},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":137567},[137568,137569,137570,137572,137573],{"id":25676,"depth":117,"text":25677},{"id":136988,"depth":117,"text":136989},{"id":137082,"depth":117,"text":137571},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137179,"depth":117,"text":137180},{"id":137332,"depth":117,"text":137574},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137358,"depth":110,"text":137576},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":137578},[137579,137581,137583,137585,137587],{"id":137456,"depth":117,"text":137580},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137464,"depth":117,"text":137582},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137476,"depth":117,"text":137584},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137484,"depth":117,"text":137586},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137496,"depth":117,"text":137588},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136021,"description":137590},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137597,"title":137598,"body":137599,"description":139149,"extension":1988,"meta":139150,"navigation":113,"path":139151,"seo":139152,"stem":139153,"__hash__":139154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137600,"toc":139110},[137601,137606,137611,137617,137632,137634,137694,137696,137705,137711,137716,137721,137723,137737,137741,137743,137790,137792,137810,137812,137815,137886,137888,137902,137905,137917,137926,137930,137935,137940,137944,138010,138012,138021,138025,138090,138092,138101,138104,138109,138113,138118,138122,138183,138185,138194,138198,138201,138257,138259,138268,138271,138284,138286,138290,138297,138359,138361,138374,138380,138383,138390,138395,138400,138403,138411,138413,138474,138476,138485,138488,138535,138538,138585,138587,138592,138609,138616,138621,138674,138676,138684,138686,138743,138745,138753,138757,138804,138806,138814,138822,138826,138874,138876,138885,138890,138941,138943,138952,138959,138962,138983,138985,138990,138993,138997,139000,139004,139007,139034,139040,139043,139070,139075,139077,139079,139107],[10,137602,123163,137604,11324],{"id":137603},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137605,124334],{},[20,137607,123168,137608,137610],{},[15,137609,124334],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137612,137613,137614,137616],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137615,124334],{},". You will learn:",[29,137618,137619,137623,137626,137629],{},[32,137620,26009,137621,211],{},[15,137622,124334],{},[32,137624,137625],{},"how its syntax works",[32,137627,137628],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[32,137630,137631],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[45,137633,48],{"id":47},[50,137635,137637],{"className":52,"code":137636,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137638,137639,137652,137684],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137640,137641,137643,137645,137647,137650],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137642,34675],{"class":65},[59,137644,70],{"class":69},[59,137646,90],{"class":77},[59,137648,137649],{"class":81},"I like cats",[59,137651,3374],{"class":77},[59,137653,137654,137656,137658,137660,137662,137664,137666,137668,137671,137673,137675,137677,137680,137682],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137655,130002],{"class":65},[59,137657,70],{"class":69},[59,137659,42642],{"class":65},[59,137661,358],{"class":73},[59,137663,34987],{"class":142},[59,137665,139],{"class":73},[59,137667,78],{"class":77},[59,137669,137670],{"class":81},"cats",[59,137672,78],{"class":77},[59,137674,87],{"class":73},[59,137676,90],{"class":77},[59,137678,137679],{"class":81},"dogs",[59,137681,78],{"class":77},[59,137683,165],{"class":73},[59,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137687,715],{"class":135},[59,137689,139],{"class":73},[59,137691,130033],{"class":142},[59,137693,165],{"class":73},[20,137695,168],{},[50,137697,137699],{"className":52,"code":137698,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"I like dogs\n",[15,137700,137701],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137702,137703],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137704,137698],{"class":65},[20,137706,201,137707,137710],{},[15,137708,137709],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[45,137712,208,137714,211],{"id":137713},"what-replace-does",[15,137715,124334],{},[20,137717,137718,137720],{},[15,137719,124334],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137722,13054],{},[29,137724,137725,137727,137729,137732],{},[32,137726,133411],{},[32,137728,136129],{},[32,137730,137731],{},"It works on exact matches",[32,137733,137734,137735],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137736,41059],{},[20,137738,124915,137739,358],{},[354,137740,124918],{"href":50779},[45,137742,5439],{"id":5438},[50,137744,137746],{"className":52,"code":137745,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137747,137748,137768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137749,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137761,137763,137766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137751,60981],{"class":65},[59,137753,358],{"class":73},[59,137755,34987],{"class":142},[59,137757,139],{"class":73},[59,137759,137760],{"class":142},"old",[59,137762,87],{"class":73},[59,137764,137765],{"class":142}," new",[59,137767,165],{"class":73},[59,137769,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137771,60981],{"class":65},[59,137773,358],{"class":73},[59,137775,34987],{"class":142},[59,137777,139],{"class":73},[59,137779,137760],{"class":142},[59,137781,87],{"class":73},[59,137783,137765],{"class":142},[59,137785,87],{"class":73},[59,137787,49405],{"class":142},[59,137789,165],{"class":73},[1127,137791,17395],{"id":17394},[29,137793,137794,137799,137805],{},[32,137795,137796,137798],{},[15,137797,137760],{}," = the text to find",[32,137800,137801,137804],{},[15,137802,137803],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[32,137806,137807,137809],{},[15,137808,41059],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[45,137811,5795],{"id":5794},[20,137813,137814],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[50,137816,137818],{"className":52,"code":137817,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137819,137820,137832,137862,137866,137876],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137821,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137823,34675],{"class":65},[59,137825,70],{"class":69},[59,137827,90],{"class":77},[59,137829,137649],{"class":81},[59,137831,3374],{"class":77},[59,137833,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137835,130002],{"class":65},[59,137837,70],{"class":69},[59,137839,42642],{"class":65},[59,137841,358],{"class":73},[59,137843,34987],{"class":142},[59,137845,139],{"class":73},[59,137847,78],{"class":77},[59,137849,137670],{"class":81},[59,137851,78],{"class":77},[59,137853,87],{"class":73},[59,137855,90],{"class":77},[59,137857,137679],{"class":81},[59,137859,78],{"class":77},[59,137861,165],{"class":73},[59,137863,137864],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137865,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,137867,137868,137870,137872,137874],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,137869,715],{"class":135},[59,137871,139],{"class":73},[59,137873,34696],{"class":142},[59,137875,165],{"class":73},[59,137877,137878,137880,137882,137884],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,137879,715],{"class":135},[59,137881,139],{"class":73},[59,137883,130033],{"class":142},[59,137885,165],{"class":73},[20,137887,168],{},[50,137889,137891],{"className":52,"code":137890,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137892,137893,137898],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137894,137895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137896,137897],{"class":65},"I like cats\n",[59,137899,137900],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137901,137698],{"class":65},[20,137903,137904],{},"Notice what happened:",[29,137906,137907,137912],{},[32,137908,137909,137911],{},[15,137910,34696],{}," did not change",[32,137913,137914,137916],{},[15,137915,130033],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137918,137919,137920,137922,137923,137925],{},"This happens because strings are ",[549,137921,136798],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137924,124334],{}," return a new string instead.",[45,137927,137929],{"id":137928},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137931,89509,137932,137934],{},[15,137933,124334],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137936,137937,137938,993],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137939,41059],{},[1127,137941,137943],{"id":137942},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[50,137945,137947],{"className":52,"code":137946,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137948,137949,137962,137996,138000],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957,137960],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,137952,34675],{"class":65},[59,137954,70],{"class":69},[59,137956,90],{"class":77},[59,137958,137959],{"class":81},"cat cat cat",[59,137961,3374],{"class":77},[59,137963,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,137965,692],{"class":65},[59,137967,70],{"class":69},[59,137969,42642],{"class":65},[59,137971,358],{"class":73},[59,137973,34987],{"class":142},[59,137975,139],{"class":73},[59,137977,78],{"class":77},[59,137979,1439],{"class":81},[59,137981,78],{"class":77},[59,137983,87],{"class":73},[59,137985,90],{"class":77},[59,137987,57933],{"class":81},[59,137989,78],{"class":77},[59,137991,87],{"class":73},[59,137993,5506],{"class":178},[59,137995,165],{"class":73},[59,137997,137998],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,137999,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138001,138002,138004,138006,138008],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138003,715],{"class":135},[59,138005,139],{"class":73},[59,138007,720],{"class":142},[59,138009,165],{"class":73},[20,138011,168],{},[50,138013,138015],{"className":52,"code":138014,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138016,138017],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138018,138019],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138020,138014],{"class":65},[1127,138022,138024],{"id":138023},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[50,138026,138028],{"className":52,"code":138027,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138029,138030,138042,138076,138080],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138031,138032,138034,138036,138038,138040],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138033,34675],{"class":65},[59,138035,70],{"class":69},[59,138037,90],{"class":77},[59,138039,137959],{"class":81},[59,138041,3374],{"class":77},[59,138043,138044,138046,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138045,692],{"class":65},[59,138047,70],{"class":69},[59,138049,42642],{"class":65},[59,138051,358],{"class":73},[59,138053,34987],{"class":142},[59,138055,139],{"class":73},[59,138057,78],{"class":77},[59,138059,1439],{"class":81},[59,138061,78],{"class":77},[59,138063,87],{"class":73},[59,138065,90],{"class":77},[59,138067,57933],{"class":81},[59,138069,78],{"class":77},[59,138071,87],{"class":73},[59,138073,3009],{"class":178},[59,138075,165],{"class":73},[59,138077,138078],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138079,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138081,138082,138084,138086,138088],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138083,715],{"class":135},[59,138085,139],{"class":73},[59,138087,720],{"class":142},[59,138089,165],{"class":73},[20,138091,168],{},[50,138093,138095],{"className":52,"code":138094,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138096,138097],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138098,138099],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138100,138094],{"class":65},[20,138102,138103],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138105,138106,138107,358],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[354,138108,127887],{"href":124331},[45,138110,138112],{"id":138111},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138114,138115,138117],{},[15,138116,124334],{}," can also change single characters.",[1127,138119,138121],{"id":138120},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[50,138123,138125],{"className":52,"code":138124,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138126,138127,138139,138169,138173],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138130,34675],{"class":65},[59,138132,70],{"class":69},[59,138134,90],{"class":77},[59,138136,597],{"class":81},[59,138138,3374],{"class":77},[59,138140,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138142,692],{"class":65},[59,138144,70],{"class":69},[59,138146,42642],{"class":65},[59,138148,358],{"class":73},[59,138150,34987],{"class":142},[59,138152,139],{"class":73},[59,138154,78],{"class":77},[59,138156,354],{"class":81},[59,138158,78],{"class":77},[59,138160,87],{"class":73},[59,138162,90],{"class":77},[59,138164,60280],{"class":81},[59,138166,78],{"class":77},[59,138168,165],{"class":73},[59,138170,138171],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138172,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138174,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138176,715],{"class":135},[59,138178,139],{"class":73},[59,138180,720],{"class":142},[59,138182,165],{"class":73},[20,138184,168],{},[50,138186,138188],{"className":52,"code":138187,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"bonono\n",[15,138189,138190],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138191,138192],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138193,138187],{"class":65},[1127,138195,138197],{"id":138196},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138199,138200],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[50,138202,138204],{"className":52,"code":138203,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138205,138206,138219,138243,138247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214,138217],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138209,34675],{"class":65},[59,138211,70],{"class":69},[59,138213,90],{"class":77},[59,138215,138216],{"class":81},"a b c",[59,138218,3374],{"class":77},[59,138220,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138222,692],{"class":65},[59,138224,70],{"class":69},[59,138226,42642],{"class":65},[59,138228,358],{"class":73},[59,138230,34987],{"class":142},[59,138232,139],{"class":73},[59,138234,78],{"class":77},[59,138236,90],{"class":77},[59,138238,87],{"class":73},[59,138240,6132],{"class":77},[59,138242,165],{"class":73},[59,138244,138245],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138246,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138248,138249,138251,138253,138255],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138250,715],{"class":135},[59,138252,139],{"class":73},[59,138254,720],{"class":142},[59,138256,165],{"class":73},[20,138258,168],{},[50,138260,138262],{"className":52,"code":138261,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"abc\n",[15,138263,138264],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138265,138266],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138267,138261],{"class":65},[20,138269,138270],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138272,138273,138274,138278,138279,138283],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[354,138275,126163,138276,10742],{"href":128850},[15,138277,60338],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[354,138280,126163,138281,10742],{"href":136733},[15,138282,41453],{}," is often a better choice.",[45,138285,123810],{"id":123809},[20,138287,138288,123621],{},[15,138289,124334],{},[20,138291,127208,138292,4408,138294,127215],{},[15,138293,112847],{},[15,138295,138296],{},"\"Cat\"",[50,138298,138300],{"className":52,"code":138299,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138301,138302,138315,138345,138349],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138303,138304,138306,138308,138310,138313],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138305,34675],{"class":65},[59,138307,70],{"class":69},[59,138309,90],{"class":77},[59,138311,138312],{"class":81},"Cat cat CAT",[59,138314,3374],{"class":77},[59,138316,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138318,692],{"class":65},[59,138320,70],{"class":69},[59,138322,42642],{"class":65},[59,138324,358],{"class":73},[59,138326,34987],{"class":142},[59,138328,139],{"class":73},[59,138330,78],{"class":77},[59,138332,1439],{"class":81},[59,138334,78],{"class":77},[59,138336,87],{"class":73},[59,138338,90],{"class":77},[59,138340,57933],{"class":81},[59,138342,78],{"class":77},[59,138344,165],{"class":73},[59,138346,138347],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138348,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138352,715],{"class":135},[59,138354,139],{"class":73},[59,138356,720],{"class":142},[59,138358,165],{"class":73},[20,138360,168],{},[50,138362,138364],{"className":52,"code":138363,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138365,138366],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138367,138368,138371],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138369,138370],{"class":65},"Cat dog ",[59,138372,138373],{"class":1784},"CAT\n",[20,138375,138376,138377,138379],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138378,112847],{}," was replaced.",[20,138381,138382],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138384,138385,138386,358],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[354,138387,126163,138388,10742],{"href":123890},[15,138389,123893],{},[45,138391,208,138393,542],{"id":138392},"what-replace-returns",[15,138394,124334],{},[20,138396,138397,138399],{},[15,138398,124334],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138401,138402],{},"If no match is found:",[29,138404,138405,138408],{},[32,138406,138407],{},"no error happens",[32,138409,138410],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138412,239],{},[50,138414,138416],{"className":52,"code":138415,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138417,138418,138430,138460,138464],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138419,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138421,34675],{"class":65},[59,138423,70],{"class":69},[59,138425,90],{"class":77},[59,138427,3860],{"class":81},[59,138429,3374],{"class":77},[59,138431,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138433,692],{"class":65},[59,138435,70],{"class":69},[59,138437,42642],{"class":65},[59,138439,358],{"class":73},[59,138441,34987],{"class":142},[59,138443,139],{"class":73},[59,138445,78],{"class":77},[59,138447,1260],{"class":81},[59,138449,78],{"class":77},[59,138451,87],{"class":73},[59,138453,90],{"class":77},[59,138455,1269],{"class":81},[59,138457,78],{"class":77},[59,138459,165],{"class":73},[59,138461,138462],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138463,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,138465,138466,138468,138470,138472],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,138467,715],{"class":135},[59,138469,139],{"class":73},[59,138471,720],{"class":142},[59,138473,165],{"class":73},[20,138475,168],{},[50,138477,138479],{"className":52,"code":138478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"hello\n",[15,138480,138481],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138482,138483],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138484,138478],{"class":65},[20,138486,138487],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[50,138489,138491],{"className":52,"code":138490,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138492,138493,138505],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138494,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138496,34675],{"class":65},[59,138498,70],{"class":69},[59,138500,90],{"class":77},[59,138502,60213],{"class":81},[59,138504,3374],{"class":77},[59,138506,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138508,130002],{"class":65},[59,138510,70],{"class":69},[59,138512,42642],{"class":65},[59,138514,358],{"class":73},[59,138516,34987],{"class":142},[59,138518,139],{"class":73},[59,138520,78],{"class":77},[59,138522,60398],{"class":81},[59,138524,78],{"class":77},[59,138526,87],{"class":73},[59,138528,90],{"class":77},[59,138530,7304],{"class":81},[59,138532,78],{"class":77},[59,138534,165],{"class":73},[20,138536,138537],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[50,138539,138541],{"className":52,"code":138540,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138542,138543,138555],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138544,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138546,34675],{"class":65},[59,138548,70],{"class":69},[59,138550,90],{"class":77},[59,138552,60213],{"class":81},[59,138554,3374],{"class":77},[59,138556,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138558,34675],{"class":65},[59,138560,70],{"class":69},[59,138562,42642],{"class":65},[59,138564,358],{"class":73},[59,138566,34987],{"class":142},[59,138568,139],{"class":73},[59,138570,78],{"class":77},[59,138572,60398],{"class":81},[59,138574,78],{"class":77},[59,138576,87],{"class":73},[59,138578,90],{"class":77},[59,138580,7304],{"class":81},[59,138582,78],{"class":77},[59,138584,165],{"class":73},[45,138586,4534],{"id":4533},[20,138588,138589,138590,1002],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138591,124334],{},[29,138593,138594,138597,138601,138604],{},[32,138595,138596],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[32,138598,8456,138599,131383],{},[15,138600,124334],{},[32,138602,138603],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[32,138605,1605,138606,138608],{},[15,138607,124334],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1127,138610,138612,138613,138615],{"id":138611},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138614,124334],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138617,138618,138619,1002],{},"This does not update ",[15,138620,34696],{},[50,138622,138624],{"className":52,"code":138623,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138625,138626,138638,138664],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138627,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138629,34675],{"class":65},[59,138631,70],{"class":69},[59,138633,90],{"class":77},[59,138635,137649],{"class":81},[59,138637,3374],{"class":77},[59,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138641,34696],{"class":65},[59,138643,358],{"class":73},[59,138645,34987],{"class":142},[59,138647,139],{"class":73},[59,138649,78],{"class":77},[59,138651,137670],{"class":81},[59,138653,78],{"class":77},[59,138655,87],{"class":73},[59,138657,90],{"class":77},[59,138659,137679],{"class":81},[59,138661,78],{"class":77},[59,138663,165],{"class":73},[59,138665,138666,138668,138670,138672],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138667,715],{"class":135},[59,138669,139],{"class":73},[59,138671,34696],{"class":142},[59,138673,165],{"class":73},[20,138675,168],{},[50,138677,138678],{"className":52,"code":137897,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,138679,138680],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138681,138682],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138683,137897],{"class":65},[20,138685,10809],{},[50,138687,138689],{"className":52,"code":138688,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138690,138691,138703,138733],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138692,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138694,34675],{"class":65},[59,138696,70],{"class":69},[59,138698,90],{"class":77},[59,138700,137649],{"class":81},[59,138702,3374],{"class":77},[59,138704,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138706,34675],{"class":65},[59,138708,70],{"class":69},[59,138710,42642],{"class":65},[59,138712,358],{"class":73},[59,138714,34987],{"class":142},[59,138716,139],{"class":73},[59,138718,78],{"class":77},[59,138720,137670],{"class":81},[59,138722,78],{"class":77},[59,138724,87],{"class":73},[59,138726,90],{"class":77},[59,138728,137679],{"class":81},[59,138730,78],{"class":77},[59,138732,165],{"class":73},[59,138734,138735,138737,138739,138741],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,138736,715],{"class":135},[59,138738,139],{"class":73},[59,138740,34696],{"class":142},[59,138742,165],{"class":73},[20,138744,168],{},[50,138746,138747],{"className":52,"code":137698,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,138748,138749],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138750,138751],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138752,137698],{"class":65},[1127,138754,138756],{"id":138755},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[50,138758,138760],{"className":52,"code":138759,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138761,138762,138774],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138763,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138765,34675],{"class":65},[59,138767,70],{"class":69},[59,138769,90],{"class":77},[59,138771,34855],{"class":81},[59,138773,3374],{"class":77},[59,138775,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138777,715],{"class":135},[59,138779,139],{"class":73},[59,138781,34696],{"class":142},[59,138783,358],{"class":73},[59,138785,34987],{"class":142},[59,138787,139],{"class":73},[59,138789,78],{"class":77},[59,138791,3860],{"class":81},[59,138793,78],{"class":77},[59,138795,87],{"class":73},[59,138797,90],{"class":77},[59,138799,89744],{"class":81},[59,138801,78],{"class":77},[59,138803,710],{"class":73},[20,138805,168],{},[50,138807,138808],{"className":52,"code":88757,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,138809,138810],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138811,138812],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138813,88757],{"class":65},[20,138815,138816,138817,4408,138819,138821],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138818,64342],{},[15,138820,90226],{}," are not the same.",[1127,138823,138825],{"id":138824},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[50,138827,138829],{"className":52,"code":138828,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138830,138831,138844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138832,138833,138835,138837,138839,138842],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138834,34675],{"class":65},[59,138836,70],{"class":69},[59,138838,90],{"class":77},[59,138840,138841],{"class":81},"red red red",[59,138843,3374],{"class":77},[59,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138847,715],{"class":135},[59,138849,139],{"class":73},[59,138851,34696],{"class":142},[59,138853,358],{"class":73},[59,138855,34987],{"class":142},[59,138857,139],{"class":73},[59,138859,78],{"class":77},[59,138861,82],{"class":81},[59,138863,78],{"class":77},[59,138865,87],{"class":73},[59,138867,90],{"class":77},[59,138869,102],{"class":81},[59,138871,78],{"class":77},[59,138873,710],{"class":73},[20,138875,168],{},[50,138877,138879],{"className":52,"code":138878,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138880,138881],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138882,138883],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138884,138878],{"class":65},[20,138886,138887,138888,1002],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138889,41059],{},[50,138891,138893],{"className":52,"code":138892,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138894,138895,138907],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138896,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138898,34675],{"class":65},[59,138900,70],{"class":69},[59,138902,90],{"class":77},[59,138904,138841],{"class":81},[59,138906,3374],{"class":77},[59,138908,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,138910,715],{"class":135},[59,138912,139],{"class":73},[59,138914,34696],{"class":142},[59,138916,358],{"class":73},[59,138918,34987],{"class":142},[59,138920,139],{"class":73},[59,138922,78],{"class":77},[59,138924,82],{"class":81},[59,138926,78],{"class":77},[59,138928,87],{"class":73},[59,138930,90],{"class":77},[59,138932,102],{"class":81},[59,138934,78],{"class":77},[59,138936,87],{"class":73},[59,138938,5506],{"class":178},[59,138940,710],{"class":73},[20,138942,168],{},[50,138944,138946],{"className":52,"code":138945,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"blue red red\n",[15,138947,138948],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,138949,138950],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,138951,138945],{"class":65},[1127,138953,138955,138956,138958],{"id":138954},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138957,124334],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138960,138961],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[29,138963,138964,138971,138978],{},[32,138965,201,138966,138970],{},[354,138967,138968],{"href":128850},[15,138969,60338],{}," to break a string into a list",[32,138972,201,138973,138977],{},[354,138974,138975],{"href":136733},[15,138976,41453],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[32,138979,201,138980,138982],{},[15,138981,124334],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[45,138984,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,138986,1882,138988,124490],{"id":138987},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138989,124334],{},[20,138991,138992],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1127,138994,138996],{"id":138995},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138998,138999],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1127,139001,139003],{"id":139002},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139005,139006],{},"Use the third argument:",[50,139008,139010],{"className":52,"code":139009,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139011,139012],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139013,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139015,34696],{"class":65},[59,139017,358],{"class":73},[59,139019,34987],{"class":142},[59,139021,139],{"class":73},[59,139023,137760],{"class":142},[59,139025,87],{"class":73},[59,139027,137765],{"class":142},[59,139029,87],{"class":73},[59,139031,5506],{"class":178},[59,139033,165],{"class":73},[1127,139035,1914,139037,139039],{"id":139036},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139038,124334],{}," remove text?",[20,139041,139042],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[50,139044,139046],{"className":52,"code":139045,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139047,139048],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139049,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139051,34696],{"class":65},[59,139053,358],{"class":73},[59,139055,34987],{"class":142},[59,139057,139],{"class":73},[59,139059,78],{"class":77},[59,139061,1260],{"class":81},[59,139063,78],{"class":77},[59,139065,87],{"class":73},[59,139067,6132],{"class":77},[59,139069,165],{"class":73},[1127,139071,14903,139073,124499],{"id":139072},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139074,124334],{},[20,139076,129692],{},[45,139078,1927],{"id":1926},[29,139080,139081,139085,139091,139097,139103],{},[32,139082,139083],{},[354,139084,124569],{"href":124331},[32,139086,139087],{},[354,139088,126163,139089,10742],{"href":128850},[15,139090,60338],{},[32,139092,139093],{},[354,139094,126163,139095,10742],{"href":136733},[15,139096,41453],{},[32,139098,139099],{},[354,139100,126163,139101,10742],{"href":123890},[15,139102,123893],{},[32,139104,139105],{},[354,139106,124918],{"href":50779},[1953,139108,139109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":139111},[139112,139113,139115,139118,139119,139123,139127,139128,139130,139138,139148],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":137713,"depth":110,"text":139114},"What replace() does",{"id":5438,"depth":110,"text":5439,"children":139116},[139117],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":5794,"depth":110,"text":5795},{"id":137928,"depth":110,"text":137929,"children":139120},[139121,139122],{"id":137942,"depth":117,"text":137943},{"id":138023,"depth":117,"text":138024},{"id":138111,"depth":110,"text":138112,"children":139124},[139125,139126],{"id":138120,"depth":117,"text":138121},{"id":138196,"depth":117,"text":138197},{"id":123809,"depth":110,"text":123810},{"id":138392,"depth":110,"text":139129},"What replace() returns",{"id":4533,"depth":110,"text":4534,"children":139131},[139132,139134,139135,139136],{"id":138611,"depth":117,"text":139133},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138755,"depth":117,"text":138756},{"id":138824,"depth":117,"text":138825},{"id":138954,"depth":117,"text":139137},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":139139},[139140,139142,139143,139144,139146],{"id":138987,"depth":117,"text":139141},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138995,"depth":117,"text":138996},{"id":139002,"depth":117,"text":139003},{"id":139036,"depth":117,"text":139145},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139072,"depth":117,"text":139147},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137598,"description":139149},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139156,"title":139157,"body":139158,"description":141177,"extension":1988,"meta":141178,"navigation":113,"path":141179,"seo":141180,"stem":141181,"__hash__":141182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139159,"toc":141141},[139160,139165,139170,139173,139184,139186,139241,139246,139251,139258,139260,139275,139277,139333,139335,139373,139378,139380,139404,139407,139420,139425,139427,139459,139461,139494,139500,139505,139508,139518,139521,139523,139579,139581,139631,139634,139642,139645,139701,139703,139776,139789,139797,139801,139812,139815,139818,139871,139873,139905,139908,139962,139964,139999,140002,140007,140012,140017,140020,140022,140080,140082,140116,140118,140133,140136,140138,140180,140182,140208,140213,140221,140224,140226,140308,140310,140361,140364,140375,140383,140385,140458,140460,140478,140482,140485,140489,140516,140518,140526,140530,140565,140567,140580,140584,140587,140626,140628,140645,140650,140655,140666,140669,140680,140682,140684,140710,140713,140762,140764,140781,140784,140786,140838,140840,140872,140875,140933,140938,140940,140945,141048,141050,141064,141066,141073,141078,141083,141088,141093,141098,141101,141105,141110,141112,141138],[10,139161,123163,139163,11324],{"id":139162},"python-string-split-method",[15,139164,60338],{},[20,139166,123168,139167,139169],{},[15,139168,60338],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139171,139172],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[29,139174,139175,139178,139181],{},[32,139176,139177],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[32,139179,139180],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[32,139182,139183],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[45,139185,48],{"id":47},[50,139187,139189],{"className":52,"code":139188,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139190,139191,139204,139226,139236],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139192,139193,139195,139197,139199,139202],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139194,34675],{"class":65},[59,139196,70],{"class":69},[59,139198,90],{"class":77},[59,139200,139201],{"class":81},"apple,banana,cherry",[59,139203,3374],{"class":77},[59,139205,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139207,42637],{"class":65},[59,139209,70],{"class":69},[59,139211,42642],{"class":65},[59,139213,358],{"class":73},[59,139215,34456],{"class":142},[59,139217,139],{"class":73},[59,139219,78],{"class":77},[59,139221,87],{"class":81},[59,139223,78],{"class":77},[59,139225,165],{"class":73},[59,139227,139228,139230,139232,139234],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139229,715],{"class":135},[59,139231,139],{"class":73},[59,139233,42669],{"class":142},[59,139235,165],{"class":73},[59,139237,139238],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139239,139240],{"class":3678},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139242,201,139243,139245],{},[15,139244,60338],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[45,139247,208,139249,211],{"id":139248},"what-split-does",[15,139250,60338],{},[20,139252,139253,132211,139255,358],{},[15,139254,60338],{},[549,139256,139257],{},"string method",[20,139259,48730],{},[29,139261,139262,139265,139270],{},[32,139263,139264],{},"divides a string into parts",[32,139266,119465,139267],{},[549,139268,139269],{},"new list of strings",[32,139271,119471,139272,139274],{},[549,139273,4647],{}," change the original string",[20,139276,239],{},[50,139278,139280],{"className":52,"code":139279,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139281,139282,139295,139309,139313,139323],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139283,139284,139286,139288,139290,139293],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139285,34675],{"class":65},[59,139287,70],{"class":69},[59,139289,90],{"class":77},[59,139291,139292],{"class":81},"red blue green",[59,139294,3374],{"class":77},[59,139296,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139298,42637],{"class":65},[59,139300,70],{"class":69},[59,139302,42642],{"class":65},[59,139304,358],{"class":73},[59,139306,34456],{"class":142},[59,139308,8647],{"class":73},[59,139310,139311],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139312,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139316,715],{"class":135},[59,139318,139],{"class":73},[59,139320,34696],{"class":142},[59,139322,165],{"class":73},[59,139324,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,139326,715],{"class":135},[59,139328,139],{"class":73},[59,139330,42669],{"class":142},[59,139332,165],{"class":73},[20,139334,168],{},[50,139336,139338],{"className":52,"code":139337,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139339,139340,139345],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139341,139342],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139343,139344],{"class":65},"red blue green\n",[59,139346,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139348,3914],{"class":73},[59,139350,1725],{"class":77},[59,139352,82],{"class":81},[59,139354,1725],{"class":77},[59,139356,87],{"class":73},[59,139358,1734],{"class":77},[59,139360,102],{"class":81},[59,139362,1725],{"class":77},[59,139364,87],{"class":73},[59,139366,1734],{"class":77},[59,139368,93],{"class":81},[59,139370,1725],{"class":77},[59,139372,107],{"class":73},[20,139374,139375,139376,358],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[354,139377,124918],{"href":50779},[45,139379,362],{"id":361},[50,139381,139383],{"className":52,"code":139382,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139384,139385],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139402],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139388,60981],{"class":65},[59,139390,358],{"class":73},[59,139392,34456],{"class":142},[59,139394,139],{"class":73},[59,139396,133567],{"class":142},[59,139398,87],{"class":73},[59,139400,139401],{"class":142}," maxsplit",[59,139403,165],{"class":73},[20,139405,139406],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[29,139408,139409,139414],{},[32,139410,139411,139413],{},[15,139412,133567],{}," tells Python where to split",[32,139415,139416,139419],{},[15,139417,139418],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139421,8879,139422,139424],{},[15,139423,133567],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139426,239],{},[50,139428,139430],{"className":52,"code":139429,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139431,139432,139445],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139433,139434,139436,139438,139440,139443],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139435,34675],{"class":65},[59,139437,70],{"class":69},[59,139439,90],{"class":77},[59,139441,139442],{"class":81},"one two three",[59,139444,3374],{"class":77},[59,139446,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139448,715],{"class":135},[59,139450,139],{"class":73},[59,139452,34696],{"class":142},[59,139454,358],{"class":73},[59,139456,34456],{"class":142},[59,139458,7201],{"class":73},[20,139460,168],{},[50,139462,139464],{"className":52,"code":139463,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139465,139466],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139467,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139469,3914],{"class":73},[59,139471,1725],{"class":77},[59,139473,6592],{"class":81},[59,139475,1725],{"class":77},[59,139477,87],{"class":73},[59,139479,1734],{"class":77},[59,139481,79079],{"class":81},[59,139483,1725],{"class":77},[59,139485,87],{"class":73},[59,139487,1734],{"class":77},[59,139489,134049],{"class":81},[59,139491,1725],{"class":77},[59,139493,107],{"class":73},[45,139495,1599,139497,139499],{"id":139496},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139498,60338],{}," with no separator",[20,139501,69982,139502,139504],{},[15,139503,60338],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139506,139507],{},"Whitespace includes:",[29,139509,139510,139512,139515],{},[32,139511,10452],{},[32,139513,139514],{},"tabs",[32,139516,139517],{},"new lines",[20,139519,139520],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139522,239],{},[50,139524,139526],{"className":52,"code":139525,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139527,139528,139551,139565,139569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139529,139530,139532,139534,139536,139539,139542,139544,139546,139549],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139531,34675],{"class":65},[59,139533,70],{"class":69},[59,139535,90],{"class":77},[59,139537,139538],{"class":81},"Python   is",[59,139540,139541],{"class":1784},"\\t",[59,139543,133303],{"class":81},[59,139545,86961],{"class":1784},[59,139547,139548],{"class":81},"and useful",[59,139550,3374],{"class":77},[59,139552,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139554,42637],{"class":65},[59,139556,70],{"class":69},[59,139558,42642],{"class":65},[59,139560,358],{"class":73},[59,139562,34456],{"class":142},[59,139564,8647],{"class":73},[59,139566,139567],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139568,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,139570,139571,139573,139575,139577],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139572,715],{"class":135},[59,139574,139],{"class":73},[59,139576,42669],{"class":142},[59,139578,165],{"class":73},[20,139580,168],{},[50,139582,139584],{"className":52,"code":139583,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139585,139586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139587,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139627,139629],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139589,3914],{"class":73},[59,139591,1725],{"class":77},[59,139593,7304],{"class":81},[59,139595,1725],{"class":77},[59,139597,87],{"class":73},[59,139599,1734],{"class":77},[59,139601,12196],{"class":81},[59,139603,1725],{"class":77},[59,139605,87],{"class":73},[59,139607,1734],{"class":77},[59,139609,133303],{"class":81},[59,139611,1725],{"class":77},[59,139613,87],{"class":73},[59,139615,1734],{"class":77},[59,139617,129928],{"class":81},[59,139619,1725],{"class":77},[59,139621,87],{"class":73},[59,139623,1734],{"class":77},[59,139625,139626],{"class":81},"useful",[59,139628,1725],{"class":77},[59,139630,107],{"class":73},[20,139632,139633],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1127,139635,139637,10586,139639],{"id":139636},"split-vs-split",[15,139638,60338],{},[15,139640,139641],{},"split(' ')",[20,139643,139644],{},"These are not the same.",[50,139646,139648],{"className":52,"code":139647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139649,139650,139663,139667,139681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139651,139652,139654,139656,139658,139661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139653,34675],{"class":65},[59,139655,70],{"class":69},[59,139657,90],{"class":77},[59,139659,139660],{"class":81},"a  b   c",[59,139662,3374],{"class":77},[59,139664,139665],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139666,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,139668,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139670,715],{"class":135},[59,139672,139],{"class":73},[59,139674,34696],{"class":142},[59,139676,358],{"class":73},[59,139678,34456],{"class":142},[59,139680,7201],{"class":73},[59,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139684,715],{"class":135},[59,139686,139],{"class":73},[59,139688,34696],{"class":142},[59,139690,358],{"class":73},[59,139692,34456],{"class":142},[59,139694,139],{"class":73},[59,139696,78],{"class":77},[59,139698,90],{"class":77},[59,139700,710],{"class":73},[20,139702,168],{},[50,139704,139706],{"className":52,"code":139705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139707,139708,139736],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139709,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139711,3914],{"class":73},[59,139713,1725],{"class":77},[59,139715,354],{"class":81},[59,139717,1725],{"class":77},[59,139719,87],{"class":73},[59,139721,1734],{"class":77},[59,139723,442],{"class":81},[59,139725,1725],{"class":77},[59,139727,87],{"class":73},[59,139729,1734],{"class":77},[59,139731,451],{"class":81},[59,139733,1725],{"class":77},[59,139735,107],{"class":73},[59,139737,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139739,3914],{"class":73},[59,139741,1725],{"class":77},[59,139743,354],{"class":81},[59,139745,1725],{"class":77},[59,139747,87],{"class":73},[59,139749,3853],{"class":77},[59,139751,87],{"class":73},[59,139753,1734],{"class":77},[59,139755,442],{"class":81},[59,139757,1725],{"class":77},[59,139759,87],{"class":73},[59,139761,3853],{"class":77},[59,139763,87],{"class":73},[59,139765,3853],{"class":77},[59,139767,87],{"class":73},[59,139769,1734],{"class":77},[59,139771,451],{"class":81},[59,139773,1725],{"class":77},[59,139775,107],{"class":73},[29,139777,139778,139783],{},[32,139779,139780,139782],{},[15,139781,60338],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[32,139784,139785,139788],{},[15,139786,139787],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139790,139791,139792,139796],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[354,139793,126163,139794,10742],{"href":136733},[15,139795,41453],{}," is often useful.",[45,139798,139800],{"id":139799},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139802,139803,139804,1208,139807,2213,139809,358],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139805,139806],{},"\",\"",[15,139808,133402],{},[15,139810,139811],{},"\"::\"",[20,139813,139814],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139816,139817],{},"Example with commas:",[50,139819,139821],{"className":52,"code":139820,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139822,139823,139835,139857,139861],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139824,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139826,34675],{"class":65},[59,139828,70],{"class":69},[59,139830,90],{"class":77},[59,139832,139201],{"class":81},[59,139834,3374],{"class":77},[59,139836,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139838,42637],{"class":65},[59,139840,70],{"class":69},[59,139842,42642],{"class":65},[59,139844,358],{"class":73},[59,139846,34456],{"class":142},[59,139848,139],{"class":73},[59,139850,78],{"class":77},[59,139852,87],{"class":81},[59,139854,78],{"class":77},[59,139856,165],{"class":73},[59,139858,139859],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139860,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139864,715],{"class":135},[59,139866,139],{"class":73},[59,139868,42669],{"class":142},[59,139870,165],{"class":73},[20,139872,168],{},[50,139874,139875],{"className":52,"code":78258,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,139876,139877],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139878,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139880,3914],{"class":73},[59,139882,1725],{"class":77},[59,139884,588],{"class":81},[59,139886,1725],{"class":77},[59,139888,87],{"class":73},[59,139890,1734],{"class":77},[59,139892,597],{"class":81},[59,139894,1725],{"class":77},[59,139896,87],{"class":73},[59,139898,1734],{"class":77},[59,139900,4110],{"class":81},[59,139902,1725],{"class":77},[59,139904,107],{"class":73},[20,139906,139907],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[50,139909,139911],{"className":52,"code":139910,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139912,139913,139926,139948,139952],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139914,139915,139917,139919,139921,139924],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139916,34675],{"class":65},[59,139918,70],{"class":69},[59,139920,90],{"class":77},[59,139922,139923],{"class":81},"2024::10::31",[59,139925,3374],{"class":77},[59,139927,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,139929,42637],{"class":65},[59,139931,70],{"class":69},[59,139933,42642],{"class":65},[59,139935,358],{"class":73},[59,139937,34456],{"class":142},[59,139939,139],{"class":73},[59,139941,78],{"class":77},[59,139943,76475],{"class":81},[59,139945,78],{"class":77},[59,139947,165],{"class":73},[59,139949,139950],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,139951,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,139953,139954,139956,139958,139960],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,139955,715],{"class":135},[59,139957,139],{"class":73},[59,139959,42669],{"class":142},[59,139961,165],{"class":73},[20,139963,168],{},[50,139965,139967],{"className":52,"code":139966,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139968,139969],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,139970,139971,139973,139975,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139995,139997],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,139972,3914],{"class":73},[59,139974,1725],{"class":77},[59,139976,139977],{"class":81},"2024",[59,139979,1725],{"class":77},[59,139981,87],{"class":73},[59,139983,1734],{"class":77},[59,139985,671],{"class":81},[59,139987,1725],{"class":77},[59,139989,87],{"class":73},[59,139991,1734],{"class":77},[59,139993,139994],{"class":81},"31",[59,139996,1725],{"class":77},[59,139998,107],{"class":73},[20,140000,140001],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140003,140004,140005,358],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[354,140006,128847],{"href":128846},[45,140008,1599,140010],{"id":140009},"using-maxsplit",[15,140011,139418],{},[20,140013,140014,140016],{},[15,140015,139418],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140018,140019],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140021,239],{},[50,140023,140025],{"className":52,"code":140024,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140026,140027,140040,140066,140070],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140028,140029,140031,140033,140035,140038],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140030,34675],{"class":65},[59,140032,70],{"class":69},[59,140034,90],{"class":77},[59,140036,140037],{"class":81},"name:age:city:country",[59,140039,3374],{"class":77},[59,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140043,42637],{"class":65},[59,140045,70],{"class":69},[59,140047,42642],{"class":65},[59,140049,358],{"class":73},[59,140051,34456],{"class":142},[59,140053,139],{"class":73},[59,140055,78],{"class":77},[59,140057,1002],{"class":81},[59,140059,78],{"class":77},[59,140061,87],{"class":73},[59,140063,3009],{"class":178},[59,140065,165],{"class":73},[59,140067,140068],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140069,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140073,715],{"class":135},[59,140075,139],{"class":73},[59,140077,42669],{"class":142},[59,140079,165],{"class":73},[20,140081,168],{},[50,140083,140085],{"className":52,"code":140084,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140086,140087],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140112,140114],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140090,3914],{"class":73},[59,140092,1725],{"class":77},[59,140094,7676],{"class":81},[59,140096,1725],{"class":77},[59,140098,87],{"class":73},[59,140100,1734],{"class":77},[59,140102,9299],{"class":81},[59,140104,1725],{"class":77},[59,140106,87],{"class":73},[59,140108,1734],{"class":77},[59,140110,140111],{"class":81},"city:country",[59,140113,1725],{"class":77},[59,140115,107],{"class":73},[20,140117,2199],{},[29,140119,140120,140125,140130],{},[32,140121,140122,140123],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140124,1002],{},[32,140126,140127,140128],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140129,1002],{},[32,140131,140132],{},"then stops",[20,140134,140135],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140137,51884],{},[50,140139,140141],{"className":52,"code":140140,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140142,140143,140156],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140144,140145,140147,140149,140151,140154],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140146,34675],{"class":65},[59,140148,70],{"class":69},[59,140150,90],{"class":77},[59,140152,140153],{"class":81},"apple banana cherry grape",[59,140155,3374],{"class":77},[59,140157,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140159,715],{"class":135},[59,140161,139],{"class":73},[59,140163,34696],{"class":142},[59,140165,358],{"class":73},[59,140167,34456],{"class":142},[59,140169,139],{"class":73},[59,140171,78],{"class":77},[59,140173,90],{"class":77},[59,140175,87],{"class":73},[59,140177,5506],{"class":178},[59,140179,710],{"class":73},[20,140181,168],{},[50,140183,140185],{"className":52,"code":140184,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140186,140187],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140188,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140204,140206],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140190,3914],{"class":73},[59,140192,1725],{"class":77},[59,140194,588],{"class":81},[59,140196,1725],{"class":77},[59,140198,87],{"class":73},[59,140200,1734],{"class":77},[59,140202,140203],{"class":81},"banana cherry grape",[59,140205,1725],{"class":77},[59,140207,107],{"class":73},[45,140209,208,140211,542],{"id":140210},"what-split-returns",[15,140212,60338],{},[20,140214,140215,140216,140218,140219,358],{},"The result of ",[15,140217,60338],{}," is always a ",[549,140220,1651],{},[20,140222,140223],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140225,239],{},[50,140227,140229],{"className":52,"code":140228,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140230,140231,140244,140266,140270,140280,140294],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140232,140233,140235,140237,140239,140242],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140234,34675],{"class":65},[59,140236,70],{"class":69},[59,140238,90],{"class":77},[59,140240,140241],{"class":81},"cat,dog,bird",[59,140243,3374],{"class":77},[59,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140247,42637],{"class":65},[59,140249,70],{"class":69},[59,140251,42642],{"class":65},[59,140253,358],{"class":73},[59,140255,34456],{"class":142},[59,140257,139],{"class":73},[59,140259,78],{"class":77},[59,140261,87],{"class":81},[59,140263,78],{"class":77},[59,140265,165],{"class":73},[59,140267,140268],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140269,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140271,140272,140274,140276,140278],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140273,715],{"class":135},[59,140275,139],{"class":73},[59,140277,42669],{"class":142},[59,140279,165],{"class":73},[59,140281,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,140283,715],{"class":135},[59,140285,139],{"class":73},[59,140287,3239],{"class":697},[59,140289,139],{"class":73},[59,140291,42669],{"class":142},[59,140293,710],{"class":73},[59,140295,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,140297,715],{"class":135},[59,140299,139],{"class":73},[59,140301,42669],{"class":142},[59,140303,3914],{"class":73},[59,140305,179],{"class":178},[59,140307,3902],{"class":73},[20,140309,168],{},[50,140311,140313],{"className":52,"code":140312,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140314,140315,140343,140357],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140316,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140318,3914],{"class":73},[59,140320,1725],{"class":77},[59,140322,1439],{"class":81},[59,140324,1725],{"class":77},[59,140326,87],{"class":73},[59,140328,1734],{"class":77},[59,140330,57933],{"class":81},[59,140332,1725],{"class":77},[59,140334,87],{"class":73},[59,140336,1734],{"class":77},[59,140338,57950],{"class":81},[59,140340,1725],{"class":77},[59,140342,107],{"class":73},[59,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140346,1769],{"class":69},[59,140348,3310],{"class":887},[59,140350,1734],{"class":77},[59,140352,1651],{"class":81},[59,140354,1725],{"class":77},[59,140356,1788],{"class":69},[59,140358,140359],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140360,85277],{"class":65},[20,140362,140363],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[29,140365,140366,140369,140372],{},[32,140367,140368],{},"loop over it",[32,140370,140371],{},"access items by index",[32,140373,140374],{},"combine items again later",[20,140376,140377,140378,358],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[354,140379,126163,140381,10742],{"href":140380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140382,133245],{},[20,140384,239],{},[50,140386,140388],{"className":52,"code":140387,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140389,140390,140422,140444,140448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140391,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140393,42637],{"class":65},[59,140395,70],{"class":69},[59,140397,74],{"class":73},[59,140399,1725],{"class":77},[59,140401,1439],{"class":81},[59,140403,1725],{"class":77},[59,140405,87],{"class":73},[59,140407,1734],{"class":77},[59,140409,57933],{"class":81},[59,140411,1725],{"class":77},[59,140413,87],{"class":73},[59,140415,1734],{"class":77},[59,140417,57950],{"class":81},[59,140419,1725],{"class":77},[59,140421,107],{"class":73},[59,140423,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140425,34675],{"class":65},[59,140427,70],{"class":69},[59,140429,90],{"class":77},[59,140431,2047],{"class":81},[59,140433,78],{"class":77},[59,140435,358],{"class":73},[59,140437,133322],{"class":142},[59,140439,139],{"class":73},[59,140441,42669],{"class":142},[59,140443,165],{"class":73},[59,140445,140446],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140447,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140449,140450,140452,140454,140456],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140451,715],{"class":135},[59,140453,139],{"class":73},[59,140455,34696],{"class":142},[59,140457,165],{"class":73},[20,140459,168],{},[50,140461,140463],{"className":52,"code":140462,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140464,140465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140466,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140468,1439],{"class":65},[59,140470,2047],{"class":69},[59,140472,57933],{"class":65},[59,140474,2047],{"class":69},[59,140476,140477],{"class":65},"bird\n",[45,140479,140481],{"id":140480},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140483,140484],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1127,140486,140488],{"id":140487},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[50,140490,140492],{"className":52,"code":140491,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140493,140494,140502],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140495,140496,140498,140500],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140497,34675],{"class":65},[59,140499,70],{"class":69},[59,140501,7887],{"class":77},[59,140503,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140505,715],{"class":135},[59,140507,139],{"class":73},[59,140509,34696],{"class":142},[59,140511,358],{"class":73},[59,140513,34456],{"class":142},[59,140515,7201],{"class":73},[20,140517,168],{},[50,140519,140520],{"className":52,"code":38095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,140521,140522],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140523,140524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140525,38095],{"class":73},[1127,140527,140529],{"id":140528},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[50,140531,140533],{"className":52,"code":140532,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140534,140535,140543],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140536,140537,140539,140541],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140538,34675],{"class":65},[59,140540,70],{"class":69},[59,140542,7887],{"class":77},[59,140544,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140546,715],{"class":135},[59,140548,139],{"class":73},[59,140550,34696],{"class":142},[59,140552,358],{"class":73},[59,140554,34456],{"class":142},[59,140556,139],{"class":73},[59,140558,78],{"class":77},[59,140560,87],{"class":81},[59,140562,78],{"class":77},[59,140564,710],{"class":73},[20,140566,168],{},[50,140568,140570],{"className":52,"code":140569,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['']\n",[15,140571,140572],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140573,140574,140576,140578],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140575,3914],{"class":73},[59,140577,3787],{"class":77},[59,140579,107],{"class":73},[1127,140581,140583],{"id":140582},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140585,140586],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[50,140588,140590],{"className":52,"code":140589,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140591,140592,140604],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140593,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140595,34675],{"class":65},[59,140597,70],{"class":69},[59,140599,90],{"class":77},[59,140601,3860],{"class":81},[59,140603,3374],{"class":77},[59,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140607,715],{"class":135},[59,140609,139],{"class":73},[59,140611,34696],{"class":142},[59,140613,358],{"class":73},[59,140615,34456],{"class":142},[59,140617,139],{"class":73},[59,140619,78],{"class":77},[59,140621,87],{"class":81},[59,140623,78],{"class":77},[59,140625,710],{"class":73},[20,140627,168],{},[50,140629,140631],{"className":52,"code":140630,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"['hello']\n",[15,140632,140633],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140634,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140636,3914],{"class":73},[59,140638,1725],{"class":77},[59,140640,3860],{"class":81},[59,140642,1725],{"class":77},[59,140644,107],{"class":73},[45,140646,776,140648],{"id":140647},"when-to-use-split",[15,140649,60338],{},[20,140651,201,140652,140654],{},[15,140653,60338],{}," when you need to:",[29,140656,140657,140660,140663],{},[32,140658,140659],{},"split a sentence into words",[32,140661,140662],{},"split comma-separated values",[32,140664,140665],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140667,140668],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[29,140670,140671,140674,140677],{},[32,140672,140673],{},"cleaning text",[32,140675,140676],{},"parsing user input",[32,140678,140679],{},"processing simple file content",[45,140681,1579],{"id":1578},[20,140683,84048],{},[29,140685,140686,140690,140696,140699,140707],{},[32,140687,50309,140688,131383],{},[15,140689,60338],{},[32,140691,140692,140693,140695],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140694,60338],{}," returns a list, not a string",[32,140697,140698],{},"using the wrong separator",[32,140700,140701,140702,140704,140705],{},"assuming ",[15,140703,139641],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140706,60338],{},[32,140708,140709],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140711,140712],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[50,140714,140716],{"className":52,"code":140715,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140717,140718,140730,140748,140752],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140719,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140721,34675],{"class":65},[59,140723,70],{"class":69},[59,140725,90],{"class":77},[59,140727,42630],{"class":81},[59,140729,3374],{"class":77},[59,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140733,34696],{"class":65},[59,140735,358],{"class":73},[59,140737,34456],{"class":142},[59,140739,139],{"class":73},[59,140741,78],{"class":77},[59,140743,87],{"class":81},[59,140745,78],{"class":77},[59,140747,165],{"class":73},[59,140749,140750],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140751,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140753,140754,140756,140758,140760],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140755,715],{"class":135},[59,140757,139],{"class":73},[59,140759,34696],{"class":142},[59,140761,165],{"class":73},[20,140763,168],{},[50,140765,140767],{"className":52,"code":140766,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a,b,c\n",[15,140768,140769],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140770,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140772,354],{"class":65},[59,140774,87],{"class":73},[59,140776,442],{"class":65},[59,140778,87],{"class":73},[59,140780,69054],{"class":65},[20,140782,140783],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140785,10809],{},[50,140787,140788],{"className":52,"code":42617,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,140789,140790,140802,140824,140828],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140791,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140793,34675],{"class":65},[59,140795,70],{"class":69},[59,140797,90],{"class":77},[59,140799,42630],{"class":81},[59,140801,3374],{"class":77},[59,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140805,42637],{"class":65},[59,140807,70],{"class":69},[59,140809,42642],{"class":65},[59,140811,358],{"class":73},[59,140813,34456],{"class":142},[59,140815,139],{"class":73},[59,140817,78],{"class":77},[59,140819,87],{"class":81},[59,140821,78],{"class":77},[59,140823,165],{"class":73},[59,140825,140826],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140827,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140829,140830,140832,140834,140836],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140831,715],{"class":135},[59,140833,139],{"class":73},[59,140835,42669],{"class":142},[59,140837,165],{"class":73},[20,140839,168],{},[50,140841,140842],{"className":52,"code":42676,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,140843,140844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140845,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140847,3914],{"class":73},[59,140849,1725],{"class":77},[59,140851,354],{"class":81},[59,140853,1725],{"class":77},[59,140855,87],{"class":73},[59,140857,1734],{"class":77},[59,140859,442],{"class":81},[59,140861,1725],{"class":77},[59,140863,87],{"class":73},[59,140865,1734],{"class":77},[59,140867,451],{"class":81},[59,140869,1725],{"class":77},[59,140871,107],{"class":73},[20,140873,140874],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[50,140876,140878],{"className":52,"code":140877,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140879,140880,140893,140915,140919],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140881,140882,140884,140886,140888,140891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140883,34675],{"class":65},[59,140885,70],{"class":69},[59,140887,90],{"class":77},[59,140889,140890],{"class":81},"apple,banana",[59,140892,3374],{"class":77},[59,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140896,42637],{"class":65},[59,140898,70],{"class":69},[59,140900,42642],{"class":65},[59,140902,358],{"class":73},[59,140904,34456],{"class":142},[59,140906,139],{"class":73},[59,140908,78],{"class":77},[59,140910,87],{"class":81},[59,140912,78],{"class":77},[59,140914,165],{"class":73},[59,140916,140917],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140918,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,140920,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140922,715],{"class":135},[59,140924,139],{"class":73},[59,140926,42669],{"class":142},[59,140928,3914],{"class":73},[59,140930,195],{"class":178},[59,140932,3902],{"class":73},[20,140934,140935,140936,358],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[354,140937,69067],{"href":69066},[1127,140939,60517],{"id":60516},[20,140941,8879,140942,140944],{},[15,140943,60338],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[50,140946,140948],{"className":52,"code":140947,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140949,140950,140960,140974,140996,141022],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,140951,140952,140954,140956,140958],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,140953,715],{"class":135},[59,140955,139],{"class":73},[59,140957,34696],{"class":142},[59,140959,165],{"class":73},[59,140961,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,140963,715],{"class":135},[59,140965,139],{"class":73},[59,140967,34696],{"class":142},[59,140969,358],{"class":73},[59,140971,34456],{"class":142},[59,140973,7201],{"class":73},[59,140975,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,140977,715],{"class":135},[59,140979,139],{"class":73},[59,140981,34696],{"class":142},[59,140983,358],{"class":73},[59,140985,34456],{"class":142},[59,140987,139],{"class":73},[59,140989,1725],{"class":77},[59,140991,87],{"class":81},[59,140993,1725],{"class":77},[59,140995,710],{"class":73},[59,140997,140998,141000,141002,141004,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,140999,715],{"class":135},[59,141001,139],{"class":73},[59,141003,11163],{"class":135},[59,141005,139],{"class":73},[59,141007,34696],{"class":142},[59,141009,358],{"class":73},[59,141011,34456],{"class":142},[59,141013,139],{"class":73},[59,141015,1725],{"class":77},[59,141017,87],{"class":81},[59,141019,1725],{"class":77},[59,141021,1706],{"class":73},[59,141023,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,141025,715],{"class":135},[59,141027,139],{"class":73},[59,141029,3239],{"class":697},[59,141031,139],{"class":73},[59,141033,34696],{"class":142},[59,141035,358],{"class":73},[59,141037,34456],{"class":142},[59,141039,139],{"class":73},[59,141041,1725],{"class":77},[59,141043,87],{"class":81},[59,141045,1725],{"class":77},[59,141047,1706],{"class":73},[20,141049,11172],{},[29,141051,141052,141055,141058,141061],{},[32,141053,141054],{},"what the original string looks like",[32,141056,141057],{},"which separator works",[32,141059,141060],{},"how many items were created",[32,141062,141063],{},"that the result is a list",[45,141065,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,141067,5190,141069,4408,141071,1905],{"id":141068},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141070,60338],{},[15,141072,139641],{},[20,141074,141075,141077],{},[15,141076,60338],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141079,141080,141082],{},[15,141081,139641],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1127,141084,1882,141086,124490],{"id":141085},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141087,60338],{},[20,141089,141090,141091,56284],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141092,60338],{},[1127,141094,1872,141096,39759],{"id":141095},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141097,139418],{},[20,141099,141100],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1127,141102,141104],{"id":141103},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141106,1397,141107,141109],{},[15,141108,60338],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[45,141111,1927],{"id":1926},[29,141113,141114,141118,141124,141130,141134],{},[32,141115,141116],{},[354,141117,129768],{"href":128846},[32,141119,141120],{},[354,141121,126163,141122,10742],{"href":140380},[15,141123,133245],{},[32,141125,141126],{},[354,141127,126163,141128,10742],{"href":136733},[15,141129,41453],{},[32,141131,141132],{},[354,141133,124918],{"href":50779},[32,141135,141136],{},[354,141137,69067],{"href":69066},[1953,141139,141140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":141142},[141143,141144,141146,141147,141152,141153,141155,141157,141162,141164,141167,141176],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":139248,"depth":110,"text":141145},"What split() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":139496,"depth":110,"text":141148,"children":141149},"Using split() with no separator",[141150],{"id":139636,"depth":117,"text":141151},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139799,"depth":110,"text":139800},{"id":140009,"depth":110,"text":141154},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140210,"depth":110,"text":141156},"What split() returns",{"id":140480,"depth":110,"text":140481,"children":141158},[141159,141160,141161],{"id":140487,"depth":117,"text":140488},{"id":140528,"depth":117,"text":140529},{"id":140582,"depth":117,"text":140583},{"id":140647,"depth":110,"text":141163},"When to use split()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":141165},[141166],{"id":60516,"depth":117,"text":60517},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":141168},[141169,141171,141173,141175],{"id":141068,"depth":117,"text":141170},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141085,"depth":117,"text":141172},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141095,"depth":117,"text":141174},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141103,"depth":117,"text":141104},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139157,"description":141177},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141184,"title":141185,"body":141186,"description":143129,"extension":1988,"meta":143130,"navigation":113,"path":143131,"seo":143132,"stem":143133,"__hash__":143134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141187,"toc":143088},[141188,141193,141198,141205,141278,141283,141288,141293,141309,141311,141381,141383,141385,141405,141407,141452,141457,141459,141557,141562,141566,141571,141575,141578,141620,141624,141627,141672,141676,141679,141729,141733,141738,141790,141792,141797,141808,141813,141893,141895,141907,141916,141923,141938,141940,142055,142061,142065,142068,142073,142215,142218,142225,142227,142231,142239,142308,142314,142363,142368,142373,142375,142395,142397,142463,142465,142469,142472,142476,142517,142519,142552,142557,142560,142587,142589,142632,142639,142644,142654,142720,142724,142732,142737,142788,142792,142795,142797,142806,142808,142858,142860,142967,142969,142974,142981,142987,142990,143021,143026,143028,143035,143043,143052,143055,143057,143085],[10,141189,123163,141191,11324],{"id":141190},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141192,127531],{},[20,141194,123168,141195,141197],{},[15,141196,127531],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141199,126229,141200,2896,141202,141204],{},[15,141201,3619],{},[15,141203,3689],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[50,141206,141208],{"className":52,"code":141207,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141209,141210,141223,141227,141252],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141211,141212,141214,141216,141218,141221],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141213,34675],{"class":65},[59,141215,70],{"class":69},[59,141217,90],{"class":77},[59,141219,141220],{"class":81},"Python Beginner Help",[59,141222,3374],{"class":77},[59,141224,141225],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141226,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,141228,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,141230,715],{"class":135},[59,141232,139],{"class":73},[59,141234,34696],{"class":142},[59,141236,358],{"class":73},[59,141238,141239],{"class":142},"startswith",[59,141241,139],{"class":73},[59,141243,78],{"class":77},[59,141245,7304],{"class":81},[59,141247,78],{"class":77},[59,141249,5369],{"class":73},[59,141251,43656],{"class":3678},[59,141253,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141271,141273,141275],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,141255,715],{"class":135},[59,141257,139],{"class":73},[59,141259,34696],{"class":142},[59,141261,358],{"class":73},[59,141263,141239],{"class":142},[59,141265,139],{"class":73},[59,141267,78],{"class":77},[59,141269,141270],{"class":81},"Beginner",[59,141272,78],{"class":77},[59,141274,5369],{"class":73},[59,141276,141277],{"class":3678}," # False\n",[20,141279,201,141280,141282],{},[15,141281,127531],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[45,141284,208,141286,211],{"id":141285},"what-startswith-does",[15,141287,127531],{},[20,141289,141290,141292],{},[15,141291,127531],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[29,141294,141295,141298,141304,141306],{},[32,141296,141297],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[32,141299,5159,141300,2896,141302],{},[15,141301,3619],{},[15,141303,3689],{},[32,141305,123306],{},[32,141307,141308],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141310,239],{},[50,141312,141314],{"className":52,"code":141313,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141315,141316,141328,141332,141357],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141317,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141319,7882],{"class":65},[59,141321,70],{"class":69},[59,141323,90],{"class":77},[59,141325,7304],{"class":81},[59,141327,3374],{"class":77},[59,141329,141330],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141331,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,141333,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348,141351,141353,141355],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,141335,715],{"class":135},[59,141337,139],{"class":73},[59,141339,7676],{"class":142},[59,141341,358],{"class":73},[59,141343,141239],{"class":142},[59,141345,139],{"class":73},[59,141347,78],{"class":77},[59,141349,141350],{"class":81},"Py",[59,141352,78],{"class":77},[59,141354,5369],{"class":73},[59,141356,43656],{"class":3678},[59,141358,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,141360,715],{"class":135},[59,141362,139],{"class":73},[59,141364,7676],{"class":142},[59,141366,358],{"class":73},[59,141368,141239],{"class":142},[59,141370,139],{"class":73},[59,141372,78],{"class":77},[59,141374,128609],{"class":81},[59,141376,78],{"class":77},[59,141378,5369],{"class":73},[59,141380,43673],{"class":3678},[45,141382,362],{"id":361},[20,141384,42185],{},[50,141386,141388],{"className":52,"code":141387,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141389,141390],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141391,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141403],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141393,60981],{"class":65},[59,141395,358],{"class":73},[59,141397,141239],{"class":142},[59,141399,139],{"class":73},[59,141401,141402],{"class":142},"prefix",[59,141404,165],{"class":73},[20,141406,30752],{},[50,141408,141410],{"className":52,"code":141409,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141411,141412,141430],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141413,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141415,60981],{"class":65},[59,141417,358],{"class":73},[59,141419,141239],{"class":142},[59,141421,139],{"class":73},[59,141423,141402],{"class":142},[59,141425,87],{"class":73},[59,141427,386],{"class":142},[59,141429,165],{"class":73},[59,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141433,60981],{"class":65},[59,141435,358],{"class":73},[59,141437,141239],{"class":142},[59,141439,139],{"class":73},[59,141441,141402],{"class":142},[59,141443,87],{"class":73},[59,141445,386],{"class":142},[59,141447,87],{"class":73},[59,141449,64848],{"class":142},[59,141451,165],{"class":73},[20,141453,20770,141454,141456],{},[15,141455,141402],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141458,239],{},[50,141460,141462],{"className":52,"code":141461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141463,141464,141476,141480,141505,141529],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141465,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141467,34675],{"class":65},[59,141469,70],{"class":69},[59,141471,90],{"class":77},[59,141473,60213],{"class":81},[59,141475,3374],{"class":77},[59,141477,141478],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141479,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,141481,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,141483,715],{"class":135},[59,141485,139],{"class":73},[59,141487,34696],{"class":142},[59,141489,358],{"class":73},[59,141491,141239],{"class":142},[59,141493,139],{"class":73},[59,141495,78],{"class":77},[59,141497,3860],{"class":81},[59,141499,78],{"class":77},[59,141501,5369],{"class":73},[59,141503,141504],{"class":3678},"      # True\n",[59,141506,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,141508,715],{"class":135},[59,141510,139],{"class":73},[59,141512,34696],{"class":142},[59,141514,358],{"class":73},[59,141516,141239],{"class":142},[59,141518,139],{"class":73},[59,141520,78],{"class":77},[59,141522,60398],{"class":81},[59,141524,78],{"class":77},[59,141526,5369],{"class":73},[59,141528,21200],{"class":3678},[59,141530,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,141532,715],{"class":135},[59,141534,139],{"class":73},[59,141536,34696],{"class":142},[59,141538,358],{"class":73},[59,141540,141239],{"class":142},[59,141542,139],{"class":73},[59,141544,78],{"class":77},[59,141546,60398],{"class":81},[59,141548,78],{"class":77},[59,141550,87],{"class":73},[59,141552,37441],{"class":178},[59,141554,5369],{"class":73},[59,141556,43656],{"class":3678},[20,141558,141559,141560,358],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[354,141561,124918],{"href":50779},[45,141563,141565],{"id":141564},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141567,141568,141570],{},[15,141569,127531],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1127,141572,141573],{"id":141402},[15,141574,141402],{},[20,141576,141577],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[50,141579,141581],{"className":52,"code":141580,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141582,141583,141595],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141586,34675],{"class":65},[59,141588,70],{"class":69},[59,141590,90],{"class":77},[59,141592,597],{"class":81},[59,141594,3374],{"class":77},[59,141596,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141614,141616,141618],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141598,715],{"class":135},[59,141600,139],{"class":73},[59,141602,34696],{"class":142},[59,141604,358],{"class":73},[59,141606,141239],{"class":142},[59,141608,139],{"class":73},[59,141610,78],{"class":77},[59,141612,141613],{"class":81},"ban",[59,141615,78],{"class":77},[59,141617,5369],{"class":73},[59,141619,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,141621,141622],{"id":407},[15,141623,407],{},[20,141625,141626],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[50,141628,141630],{"className":52,"code":141629,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141631,141632,141644],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141633,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141635,34675],{"class":65},[59,141637,70],{"class":69},[59,141639,90],{"class":77},[59,141641,60213],{"class":81},[59,141643,3374],{"class":77},[59,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141647,715],{"class":135},[59,141649,139],{"class":73},[59,141651,34696],{"class":142},[59,141653,358],{"class":73},[59,141655,141239],{"class":142},[59,141657,139],{"class":73},[59,141659,78],{"class":77},[59,141661,60398],{"class":81},[59,141663,78],{"class":77},[59,141665,87],{"class":73},[59,141667,37441],{"class":178},[59,141669,5369],{"class":73},[59,141671,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,141673,141674],{"id":52465},[15,141675,52465],{},[20,141677,141678],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[50,141680,141682],{"className":52,"code":141681,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141683,141684,141696],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141685,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141687,34675],{"class":65},[59,141689,70],{"class":69},[59,141691,90],{"class":77},[59,141693,60213],{"class":81},[59,141695,3374],{"class":77},[59,141697,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141699,715],{"class":135},[59,141701,139],{"class":73},[59,141703,34696],{"class":142},[59,141705,358],{"class":73},[59,141707,141239],{"class":142},[59,141709,139],{"class":73},[59,141711,78],{"class":77},[59,141713,141714],{"class":81},"wor",[59,141716,78],{"class":77},[59,141718,87],{"class":73},[59,141720,37441],{"class":178},[59,141722,87],{"class":73},[59,141724,53941],{"class":178},[59,141726,5369],{"class":73},[59,141728,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,141730,141732],{"id":141731},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141734,141735,141737],{},[15,141736,141402],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[50,141739,141741],{"className":52,"code":141740,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141742,141743,141756],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141744,141745,141747,141749,141751,141754],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141746,126246],{"class":65},[59,141748,70],{"class":69},[59,141750,90],{"class":77},[59,141752,141753],{"class":81},"img_001.png",[59,141755,3374],{"class":77},[59,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141775,141777,141779,141781,141784,141786,141788],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141759,715],{"class":135},[59,141761,139],{"class":73},[59,141763,126264],{"class":142},[59,141765,358],{"class":73},[59,141767,141239],{"class":142},[59,141769,5519],{"class":73},[59,141771,78],{"class":77},[59,141773,141774],{"class":81},"img_",[59,141776,78],{"class":77},[59,141778,87],{"class":73},[59,141780,90],{"class":77},[59,141782,141783],{"class":81},"photo_",[59,141785,78],{"class":77},[59,141787,50895],{"class":73},[59,141789,3679],{"class":3678},[45,141791,17419],{"id":17418},[20,141793,141794,141796],{},[15,141795,127531],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[29,141798,141799,141804],{},[32,141800,141801,141803],{},[15,141802,3619],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[32,141805,141806,126848],{},[15,141807,3689],{},[20,141809,141810,141811,7179],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141812,7004],{},[50,141814,141816],{"className":52,"code":141815,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141817,141818,141832,141836,141857,141872,141878],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141819,141820,141823,141825,141827,141830],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141821,141822],{"class":65},"command ",[59,141824,70],{"class":69},[59,141826,90],{"class":77},[59,141828,141829],{"class":81},"\u002Fhelp",[59,141831,3374],{"class":77},[59,141833,141834],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141835,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,141837,141838,141840,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,141839,7004],{"class":120},[59,141841,141842],{"class":65}," command",[59,141844,358],{"class":73},[59,141846,141239],{"class":142},[59,141848,139],{"class":73},[59,141850,78],{"class":77},[59,141852,127055],{"class":81},[59,141854,78],{"class":77},[59,141856,146],{"class":73},[59,141858,141859,141861,141863,141865,141868,141870],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,141860,152],{"class":135},[59,141862,139],{"class":73},[59,141864,78],{"class":77},[59,141866,141867],{"class":81},"This looks like a command.",[59,141869,78],{"class":77},[59,141871,165],{"class":73},[59,141873,141874,141876],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,141875,27424],{"class":120},[59,141877,1561],{"class":73},[59,141879,141880,141882,141884,141886,141889,141891],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,141881,152],{"class":135},[59,141883,139],{"class":73},[59,141885,78],{"class":77},[59,141887,141888],{"class":81},"This is normal text.",[59,141890,78],{"class":77},[59,141892,165],{"class":73},[20,141894,168],{},[50,141896,141898],{"className":52,"code":141897,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141899,141900],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141901,141902,141905],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141903,141904],{"class":65},"This looks like a command",[59,141906,122195],{"class":73},[45,141908,1599,141910,1608,141912,4408,141914],{"id":141909},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141911,127531],{},[15,141913,407],{},[15,141915,52465],{},[20,141917,2005,141918,4408,141920,141922],{},[15,141919,407],{},[15,141921,52465],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[29,141924,141925,141930,141935],{},[32,141926,141927,141929],{},[15,141928,407],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[32,141931,141932,141934],{},[15,141933,52465],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[32,141936,141937],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141939,239],{},[50,141941,141943],{"className":52,"code":141942,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141944,141945,141957,141961,141990,142023],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,141946,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,141948,34675],{"class":65},[59,141950,70],{"class":69},[59,141952,90],{"class":77},[59,141954,139442],{"class":81},[59,141956,3374],{"class":77},[59,141958,141959],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,141960,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,141962,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,141964,715],{"class":135},[59,141966,139],{"class":73},[59,141968,34696],{"class":142},[59,141970,358],{"class":73},[59,141972,141239],{"class":142},[59,141974,139],{"class":73},[59,141976,78],{"class":77},[59,141978,79079],{"class":81},[59,141980,78],{"class":77},[59,141982,87],{"class":73},[59,141984,2475],{"class":178},[59,141986,5369],{"class":73},[59,141988,141989],{"class":3678},"        # True\n",[59,141991,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142019,142021],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,141993,715],{"class":135},[59,141995,139],{"class":73},[59,141997,34696],{"class":142},[59,141999,358],{"class":73},[59,142001,141239],{"class":142},[59,142003,139],{"class":73},[59,142005,78],{"class":77},[59,142007,134049],{"class":81},[59,142009,78],{"class":77},[59,142011,87],{"class":73},[59,142013,6366],{"class":178},[59,142015,87],{"class":73},[59,142017,142018],{"class":178}," 13",[59,142020,5369],{"class":73},[59,142022,3679],{"class":3678},[59,142024,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,142026,715],{"class":135},[59,142028,139],{"class":73},[59,142030,34696],{"class":142},[59,142032,358],{"class":73},[59,142034,141239],{"class":142},[59,142036,139],{"class":73},[59,142038,78],{"class":77},[59,142040,134049],{"class":81},[59,142042,78],{"class":77},[59,142044,87],{"class":73},[59,142046,6366],{"class":178},[59,142048,87],{"class":73},[59,142050,30931],{"class":178},[59,142052,5369],{"class":73},[59,142054,4788],{"class":3678},[20,142056,142057,142058,142060],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142059,52465],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[45,142062,142064],{"id":142063},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142066,142067],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142069,142070,142071,49151],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142072,40636],{},[50,142074,142076],{"className":52,"code":142075,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142077,142078,142092,142106,142120,142124,142148,142152,142173,142194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142079,142080,142083,142085,142087,142090],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142081,142082],{"class":65},"filename1 ",[59,142084,70],{"class":69},[59,142086,90],{"class":77},[59,142088,142089],{"class":81},"img_101.jpg",[59,142091,3374],{"class":77},[59,142093,142094,142097,142099,142101,142104],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142095,142096],{"class":65},"filename2 ",[59,142098,70],{"class":69},[59,142100,90],{"class":77},[59,142102,142103],{"class":81},"photo_202.jpg",[59,142105,3374],{"class":77},[59,142107,142108,142111,142113,142115,142118],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142109,142110],{"class":65},"filename3 ",[59,142112,70],{"class":69},[59,142114,90],{"class":77},[59,142116,142117],{"class":81},"doc_303.jpg",[59,142119,3374],{"class":77},[59,142121,142122],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142123,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142125,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,142127,127458],{"class":65},[59,142129,70],{"class":69},[59,142131,747],{"class":73},[59,142133,78],{"class":77},[59,142135,141774],{"class":81},[59,142137,78],{"class":77},[59,142139,87],{"class":73},[59,142141,90],{"class":77},[59,142143,141783],{"class":81},[59,142145,78],{"class":77},[59,142147,165],{"class":73},[59,142149,142150],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,142151,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142153,142154,142156,142158,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,142155,715],{"class":135},[59,142157,139],{"class":73},[59,142159,142160],{"class":142},"filename1",[59,142162,358],{"class":73},[59,142164,141239],{"class":142},[59,142166,139],{"class":73},[59,142168,127510],{"class":142},[59,142170,5369],{"class":73},[59,142172,3679],{"class":3678},[59,142174,142175,142177,142179,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,142176,715],{"class":135},[59,142178,139],{"class":73},[59,142180,142181],{"class":142},"filename2",[59,142183,358],{"class":73},[59,142185,141239],{"class":142},[59,142187,139],{"class":73},[59,142189,127510],{"class":142},[59,142191,5369],{"class":73},[59,142193,3679],{"class":3678},[59,142195,142196,142198,142200,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,142197,715],{"class":135},[59,142199,139],{"class":73},[59,142201,142202],{"class":142},"filename3",[59,142204,358],{"class":73},[59,142206,141239],{"class":142},[59,142208,139],{"class":73},[59,142210,127510],{"class":142},[59,142212,5369],{"class":73},[59,142214,4788],{"class":3678},[20,142216,142217],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142219,74580,142220,142224],{},[354,142221,126163,142222,10742],{"href":129757},[15,142223,126221],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[45,142226,123810],{"id":123809},[20,142228,142229,123621],{},[15,142230,127531],{},[20,142232,127208,142233,4408,142236,127215],{},[15,142234,142235],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142237,142238],{},"\"python\"",[50,142240,142242],{"className":52,"code":142241,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142243,142244,142256,142260,142284],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142245,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142247,34675],{"class":65},[59,142249,70],{"class":69},[59,142251,90],{"class":77},[59,142253,7304],{"class":81},[59,142255,3374],{"class":77},[59,142257,142258],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142259,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142261,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142263,715],{"class":135},[59,142265,139],{"class":73},[59,142267,34696],{"class":142},[59,142269,358],{"class":73},[59,142271,141239],{"class":142},[59,142273,139],{"class":73},[59,142275,78],{"class":77},[59,142277,141350],{"class":81},[59,142279,78],{"class":77},[59,142281,5369],{"class":73},[59,142283,3679],{"class":3678},[59,142285,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142287,715],{"class":135},[59,142289,139],{"class":73},[59,142291,34696],{"class":142},[59,142293,358],{"class":73},[59,142295,141239],{"class":142},[59,142297,139],{"class":73},[59,142299,78],{"class":77},[59,142301,128609],{"class":81},[59,142303,78],{"class":77},[59,142305,5369],{"class":73},[59,142307,4788],{"class":3678},[20,142309,127300,142310,358],{},[354,142311,142312],{"href":123890},[15,142313,123893],{},[50,142315,142317],{"className":52,"code":142316,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142318,142319,142331,142335],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142320,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142322,34675],{"class":65},[59,142324,70],{"class":69},[59,142326,90],{"class":77},[59,142328,7304],{"class":81},[59,142330,3374],{"class":77},[59,142332,142333],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142334,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142336,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142338,715],{"class":135},[59,142340,139],{"class":73},[59,142342,34696],{"class":142},[59,142344,358],{"class":73},[59,142346,8644],{"class":142},[59,142348,8641],{"class":73},[59,142350,141239],{"class":142},[59,142352,139],{"class":73},[59,142354,78],{"class":77},[59,142356,128609],{"class":81},[59,142358,78],{"class":77},[59,142360,5369],{"class":73},[59,142362,3679],{"class":3678},[45,142364,776,142366],{"id":142365},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142367,127531],{},[20,142369,142370,142372],{},[15,142371,127531],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142374,9374],{},[29,142376,142377,142380,142383,142392],{},[32,142378,142379],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[32,142381,142382],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[32,142384,142385,142386,2896,142389],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142387,142388],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142390,142391],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[32,142393,142394],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142396,239],{},[50,142398,142400],{"className":52,"code":142399,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142401,142402,142415,142419,142448],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142403,142404,142406,142408,142410,142413],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142405,127026],{"class":65},[59,142407,70],{"class":69},[59,142409,90],{"class":77},[59,142411,142412],{"class":81},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[59,142414,3374],{"class":77},[59,142416,142417],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142418,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142420,142421,142423,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142422,7004],{"class":120},[59,142424,142425],{"class":65}," url",[59,142427,358],{"class":73},[59,142429,141239],{"class":142},[59,142431,5519],{"class":73},[59,142433,78],{"class":77},[59,142435,142388],{"class":81},[59,142437,78],{"class":77},[59,142439,87],{"class":73},[59,142441,90],{"class":77},[59,142443,142391],{"class":81},[59,142445,78],{"class":77},[59,142447,69371],{"class":73},[59,142449,142450,142452,142454,142456,142459,142461],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142451,152],{"class":135},[59,142453,139],{"class":73},[59,142455,78],{"class":77},[59,142457,142458],{"class":81},"This looks like a web URL.",[59,142460,78],{"class":77},[59,142462,165],{"class":73},[45,142464,1579],{"id":1578},[20,142466,23089,142467,358],{},[15,142468,127531],{},[1127,142470,138603],{"id":142471},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142473,142474,123621],{},[15,142475,127531],{},[50,142477,142479],{"className":52,"code":142478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142480,142481,142493],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142482,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142484,34675],{"class":65},[59,142486,70],{"class":69},[59,142488,90],{"class":77},[59,142490,7304],{"class":81},[59,142492,3374],{"class":77},[59,142494,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142496,715],{"class":135},[59,142498,139],{"class":73},[59,142500,34696],{"class":142},[59,142502,358],{"class":73},[59,142504,141239],{"class":142},[59,142506,139],{"class":73},[59,142508,78],{"class":77},[59,142510,54],{"class":81},[59,142512,78],{"class":77},[59,142514,5369],{"class":73},[59,142516,4788],{"class":3678},[20,142518,39060],{},[50,142520,142522],{"className":52,"code":142521,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142523,142524],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142525,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142527,715],{"class":135},[59,142529,139],{"class":73},[59,142531,34696],{"class":142},[59,142533,358],{"class":73},[59,142535,8644],{"class":142},[59,142537,8641],{"class":73},[59,142539,141239],{"class":142},[59,142541,139],{"class":73},[59,142543,78],{"class":77},[59,142545,54],{"class":81},[59,142547,78],{"class":77},[59,142549,5369],{"class":73},[59,142551,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,142553,29638,142555,137085],{"id":142554},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142556,127531],{},[20,142558,142559],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[50,142561,142563],{"className":52,"code":142562,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142564,142565,142573,142577,142582],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142566,142567,142569,142571],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142568,2464],{"class":65},[59,142570,70],{"class":69},[59,142572,124845],{"class":178},[59,142574,142575],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142576,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142578,142579],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142580,142581],{"class":3678},"# This will cause an error:\n",[59,142583,142584],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142585,142586],{"class":3678},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142588,39060],{},[50,142590,142592],{"className":52,"code":142591,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142593,142594,142608],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142595,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142597,2464],{"class":65},[59,142599,70],{"class":69},[59,142601,48707],{"class":697},[59,142603,139],{"class":73},[59,142605,50049],{"class":178},[59,142607,165],{"class":73},[59,142609,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142611,715],{"class":135},[59,142613,139],{"class":73},[59,142615,1217],{"class":142},[59,142617,358],{"class":73},[59,142619,141239],{"class":142},[59,142621,139],{"class":73},[59,142623,78],{"class":77},[59,142625,187],{"class":81},[59,142627,78],{"class":77},[59,142629,5369],{"class":73},[59,142631,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,142633,1605,142635,1608,142637],{"id":142634},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142636,127531],{},[15,142638,132],{},[20,142640,142641,142643],{},[15,142642,127531],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142645,142646,142647,142649,142650,358],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142648,132],{}," or methods like ",[354,142651,142652],{"href":124173},[15,142653,124158],{},[50,142655,142657],{"className":52,"code":142656,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142658,142659,142671,142675,142699],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142660,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142662,34675],{"class":65},[59,142664,70],{"class":69},[59,142666,90],{"class":77},[59,142668,60213],{"class":81},[59,142670,3374],{"class":77},[59,142672,142673],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142674,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142676,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142678,715],{"class":135},[59,142680,139],{"class":73},[59,142682,34696],{"class":142},[59,142684,358],{"class":73},[59,142686,141239],{"class":142},[59,142688,139],{"class":73},[59,142690,78],{"class":77},[59,142692,60398],{"class":81},[59,142694,78],{"class":77},[59,142696,5369],{"class":73},[59,142698,4788],{"class":3678},[59,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142702,715],{"class":135},[59,142704,139],{"class":73},[59,142706,78],{"class":77},[59,142708,60398],{"class":81},[59,142710,78],{"class":77},[59,142712,21173],{"class":120},[59,142714,42642],{"class":142},[59,142716,3675],{"class":73},[59,142718,142719],{"class":3678},"           # True\n",[20,142721,135637,142722,358],{},[354,142723,127199],{"href":123418},[1127,142725,4721,142727,4408,142729,142731],{"id":142726},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142728,407],{},[15,142730,52465],{}," use index positions",[20,142733,142734,142735,358],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142736,179],{},[50,142738,142740],{"className":52,"code":142739,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142741,142742,142755,142759],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142743,142744,142746,142748,142750,142753],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142745,34675],{"class":65},[59,142747,70],{"class":69},[59,142749,90],{"class":77},[59,142751,142752],{"class":81},"abcdef",[59,142754,3374],{"class":77},[59,142756,142757],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142758,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,142760,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142762,715],{"class":135},[59,142764,139],{"class":73},[59,142766,34696],{"class":142},[59,142768,358],{"class":73},[59,142770,141239],{"class":142},[59,142772,139],{"class":73},[59,142774,78],{"class":77},[59,142776,142777],{"class":81},"cd",[59,142779,78],{"class":77},[59,142781,87],{"class":73},[59,142783,3009],{"class":178},[59,142785,5369],{"class":73},[59,142787,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,142789,142791],{"id":142790},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142793,142794],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142796,16644],{},[50,142798,142800],{"className":52,"code":142799,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142801,142802],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142803,142804],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142805,142799],{"class":3678},[20,142807,16656],{},[50,142809,142811],{"className":52,"code":142810,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142812,142813,142825],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142814,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142816,34675],{"class":65},[59,142818,70],{"class":69},[59,142820,90],{"class":77},[59,142822,7304],{"class":81},[59,142824,3374],{"class":77},[59,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142852,142854,142856],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142828,715],{"class":135},[59,142830,139],{"class":73},[59,142832,34696],{"class":142},[59,142834,358],{"class":73},[59,142836,141239],{"class":142},[59,142838,5519],{"class":73},[59,142840,78],{"class":77},[59,142842,141350],{"class":81},[59,142844,78],{"class":77},[59,142846,87],{"class":73},[59,142848,90],{"class":77},[59,142850,142851],{"class":81},"Ja",[59,142853,78],{"class":77},[59,142855,50895],{"class":73},[59,142857,3679],{"class":3678},[20,142859,32071],{},[50,142861,142863],{"className":52,"code":142862,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142864,142865,142875,142889,142911,142937],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142866,142867,142869,142871,142873],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142868,715],{"class":135},[59,142870,139],{"class":73},[59,142872,34696],{"class":142},[59,142874,165],{"class":73},[59,142876,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,142878,715],{"class":135},[59,142880,139],{"class":73},[59,142882,3239],{"class":697},[59,142884,139],{"class":73},[59,142886,34696],{"class":142},[59,142888,710],{"class":73},[59,142890,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,142892,715],{"class":135},[59,142894,139],{"class":73},[59,142896,34696],{"class":142},[59,142898,358],{"class":73},[59,142900,141239],{"class":142},[59,142902,139],{"class":73},[59,142904,78],{"class":77},[59,142906,141350],{"class":81},[59,142908,78],{"class":77},[59,142910,710],{"class":73},[59,142912,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925,142927,142929,142931,142933,142935],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,142914,715],{"class":135},[59,142916,139],{"class":73},[59,142918,34696],{"class":142},[59,142920,358],{"class":73},[59,142922,8644],{"class":142},[59,142924,8641],{"class":73},[59,142926,141239],{"class":142},[59,142928,139],{"class":73},[59,142930,78],{"class":77},[59,142932,128609],{"class":81},[59,142934,78],{"class":77},[59,142936,710],{"class":73},[59,142938,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,142940,715],{"class":135},[59,142942,139],{"class":73},[59,142944,34696],{"class":142},[59,142946,358],{"class":73},[59,142948,141239],{"class":142},[59,142950,5519],{"class":73},[59,142952,78],{"class":77},[59,142954,141350],{"class":81},[59,142956,78],{"class":77},[59,142958,87],{"class":73},[59,142960,90],{"class":77},[59,142962,142851],{"class":81},[59,142964,78],{"class":77},[59,142966,1706],{"class":73},[45,142968,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,142970,1882,142972,128009],{"id":142971},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142973,127531],{},[20,142975,142976,142977,2896,142979,358],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142978,3619],{},[15,142980,3689],{},[1127,142982,1914,142984,142986],{"id":142983},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142985,127531],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142988,142989],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[50,142991,142993],{"className":52,"code":142992,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142994,142995],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,142996,142997,142999,143001,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,142998,34696],{"class":65},[59,143000,358],{"class":73},[59,143002,141239],{"class":142},[59,143004,5519],{"class":73},[59,143006,78],{"class":77},[59,143008,354],{"class":81},[59,143010,78],{"class":77},[59,143012,87],{"class":73},[59,143014,90],{"class":77},[59,143016,442],{"class":81},[59,143018,78],{"class":77},[59,143020,710],{"class":73},[1127,143022,14903,143024,124499],{"id":143023},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143025,127531],{},[20,143027,129692],{},[1127,143029,5190,143031,4408,143033,1905],{"id":143030},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143032,127531],{},[15,143034,132],{},[20,143036,143037,143039,143040,143042],{},[15,143038,127531],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143041,132],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1127,143044,28318,143046,4408,143048,1608,143050,1905],{"id":143045},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143047,407],{},[15,143049,52465],{},[15,143051,127531],{},[20,143053,143054],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[45,143056,1927],{"id":1926},[29,143058,143059,143065,143071,143077,143081],{},[32,143060,143061],{},[354,143062,126163,143063,10742],{"href":129757},[15,143064,126221],{},[32,143066,143067],{},[354,143068,126163,143069,10742],{"href":124173},[15,143070,124158],{},[32,143072,143073],{},[354,143074,126163,143075,10742],{"href":123890},[15,143076,123893],{},[32,143078,143079],{},[354,143080,124562],{"href":123418},[32,143082,143083],{},[354,143084,124918],{"href":50779},[1953,143086,143087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":143089},[143090,143092,143093,143099,143100,143102,143103,143104,143106,143116,143128],{"id":141285,"depth":110,"text":143091},"What startswith() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":141564,"depth":110,"text":141565,"children":143094},[143095,143096,143097,143098],{"id":141402,"depth":117,"text":141402},{"id":407,"depth":117,"text":407},{"id":52465,"depth":117,"text":52465},{"id":141731,"depth":117,"text":141732},{"id":17418,"depth":110,"text":17419},{"id":141909,"depth":110,"text":143101},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142063,"depth":110,"text":142064},{"id":123809,"depth":110,"text":123810},{"id":142365,"depth":110,"text":143105},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":143107},[143108,143109,143111,143113,143115],{"id":142471,"depth":117,"text":138603},{"id":142554,"depth":117,"text":143110},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142634,"depth":117,"text":143112},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142726,"depth":117,"text":143114},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142790,"depth":117,"text":142791},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":143117},[143118,143120,143122,143124,143126],{"id":142971,"depth":117,"text":143119},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142983,"depth":117,"text":143121},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143023,"depth":117,"text":143123},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143030,"depth":117,"text":143125},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143045,"depth":117,"text":143127},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141185,"description":143129},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143136,"title":143137,"body":143138,"description":144592,"extension":1988,"meta":144593,"navigation":113,"path":144594,"seo":144595,"stem":144596,"__hash__":144597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143139,"toc":144562},[143140,143145,143150,143153,143155,143199,143201,143209,143214,143219,143224,143226,143244,143246,143292,143294,143308,143317,143321,143323,143325,143337,143342,143345,143377,143379,143388,143393,143396,143437,143439,143447,143449,143462,143468,143472,143475,143491,143493,143542,143544,143553,143556,143615,143617,143626,143633,143636,143689,143691,143715,143722,143728,143732,143738,143741,143752,143754,143794,143796,143804,143806,143846,143848,143857,143859,143877,143880,143887,143898,143901,143918,143920,143997,143999,144030,144033,144035,144038,144064,144066,144106,144108,144117,144127,144135,144143,144148,144153,144155,144169,144171,144222,144224,144233,144243,144245,144247,144269,144272,144351,144353,144389,144392,144467,144472,144474,144480,144485,144490,144493,144499,144502,144509,144517,144521,144529,144531,144559],[10,143141,123163,143143,11324],{"id":143142},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143144,41453],{},[20,143146,32306,143147,143149],{},[15,143148,41453],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143151,143152],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[45,143154,3624],{"id":3623},[50,143156,143158],{"className":52,"code":143157,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143159,143160,143173,143188],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143161,143162,143164,143166,143168,143171],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143163,34675],{"class":65},[59,143165,70],{"class":69},[59,143167,90],{"class":77},[59,143169,143170],{"class":81},"  hello  ",[59,143172,3374],{"class":77},[59,143174,143175,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143176,143177],{"class":65},"clean_text ",[59,143179,70],{"class":69},[59,143181,42642],{"class":65},[59,143183,358],{"class":73},[59,143185,8638],{"class":142},[59,143187,8647],{"class":73},[59,143189,143190,143192,143194,143197],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143191,715],{"class":135},[59,143193,139],{"class":73},[59,143195,143196],{"class":142},"clean_text",[59,143198,165],{"class":73},[20,143200,168],{},[50,143202,143203],{"className":52,"code":138478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,143204,143205],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143206,143207],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143208,138478],{"class":65},[20,143210,201,143211,143213],{},[15,143212,41453],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[45,143215,208,143217,211],{"id":143216},"what-strip-does",[15,143218,41453],{},[20,143220,143221,143223],{},[15,143222,41453],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143225,13054],{},[29,143227,143228,143232,143235,143238,143241],{},[32,143229,143230,131513],{},[15,143231,41453],{},[32,143233,143234],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[32,143236,143237],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[32,143239,143240],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[32,143242,143243],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143245,239],{},[50,143247,143249],{"className":52,"code":143248,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143250,143251,143264,143268,143282],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143252,143253,143255,143257,143259,143262],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143254,34675],{"class":65},[59,143256,70],{"class":69},[59,143258,90],{"class":77},[59,143260,143261],{"class":81},"  hello world  ",[59,143263,3374],{"class":77},[59,143265,143266],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143267,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,143269,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143271,715],{"class":135},[59,143273,139],{"class":73},[59,143275,34696],{"class":142},[59,143277,358],{"class":73},[59,143279,8638],{"class":142},[59,143281,7201],{"class":73},[59,143283,143284,143286,143288,143290],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,143285,715],{"class":135},[59,143287,139],{"class":73},[59,143289,34696],{"class":142},[59,143291,165],{"class":73},[20,143293,168],{},[50,143295,143297],{"className":52,"code":143296,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143298,143299,143303],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143300,143301],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143302,134179],{"class":65},[59,143304,143305],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143306,143307],{"class":65},"  hello world\n",[20,143309,143310,143311,143313,143314,143316],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143312,41453],{},", but the original ",[15,143315,34696],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143318,124915,143319,358],{},[354,143320,124918],{"href":50779},[45,143322,362],{"id":361},[20,143324,26477],{},[29,143326,143327,143332],{},[32,143328,143329],{},[15,143330,143331],{},"string.strip()",[32,143333,143334],{},[15,143335,143336],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1127,143338,143340],{"id":143339},"stringstrip",[15,143341,143331],{},[20,143343,143344],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[50,143346,143348],{"className":52,"code":143347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143349,143350,143363],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143351,143352,143354,143356,143358,143361],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143353,7882],{"class":65},[59,143355,70],{"class":69},[59,143357,90],{"class":77},[59,143359,143360],{"class":81},"  Alice  ",[59,143362,3374],{"class":77},[59,143364,143365,143367,143369,143371,143373,143375],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143366,715],{"class":135},[59,143368,139],{"class":73},[59,143370,7676],{"class":142},[59,143372,358],{"class":73},[59,143374,8638],{"class":142},[59,143376,7201],{"class":73},[20,143378,168],{},[50,143380,143382],{"className":52,"code":143381,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Alice\n",[15,143383,143384],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143385,143386],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143387,143381],{"class":65},[1127,143389,143391],{"id":143390},"stringstripchars",[15,143392,143336],{},[20,143394,143395],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[50,143397,143399],{"className":52,"code":143398,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143400,143401,143414],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143402,143403,143405,143407,143409,143412],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143404,34675],{"class":65},[59,143406,70],{"class":69},[59,143408,90],{"class":77},[59,143410,143411],{"class":81},"!!hello??",[59,143413,3374],{"class":77},[59,143415,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143433,143435],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143417,715],{"class":135},[59,143419,139],{"class":73},[59,143421,34696],{"class":142},[59,143423,358],{"class":73},[59,143425,8638],{"class":142},[59,143427,139],{"class":73},[59,143429,78],{"class":77},[59,143431,143432],{"class":81},"!?",[59,143434,78],{"class":77},[59,143436,710],{"class":73},[20,143438,168],{},[50,143440,143441],{"className":52,"code":138478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,143442,143443],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143444,143445],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143446,138478],{"class":65},[20,143448,83629],{},[29,143450,143451,143456],{},[32,143452,143453,143455],{},[15,143454,134422],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[32,143457,143458,143459,143461],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143460,134422],{}," does not matter",[45,143463,143465,143466],{"id":143464},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143467,41453],{},[20,143469,30873,143470,358],{},[15,143471,41453],{},[20,143473,143474],{},"It is useful for:",[29,143476,143477,143482,143485,143488],{},[32,143478,143479,143480,3899],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143481,2975],{},[32,143483,143484],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[32,143486,143487],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[32,143489,143490],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143492,48164],{},[50,143494,143496],{"className":52,"code":143495,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143497,143498,143511,143527,143531],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143499,143500,143502,143504,143506,143509],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143501,7967],{"class":65},[59,143503,70],{"class":69},[59,143505,90],{"class":77},[59,143507,143508],{"class":81},"  sam  ",[59,143510,3374],{"class":77},[59,143512,143513,143516,143518,143521,143523,143525],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143514,143515],{"class":65},"clean_username ",[59,143517,70],{"class":69},[59,143519,143520],{"class":65}," username",[59,143522,358],{"class":73},[59,143524,8638],{"class":142},[59,143526,8647],{"class":73},[59,143528,143529],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143530,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,143532,143533,143535,143537,143540],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,143534,715],{"class":135},[59,143536,139],{"class":73},[59,143538,143539],{"class":142},"clean_username",[59,143541,165],{"class":73},[20,143543,168],{},[50,143545,143547],{"className":52,"code":143546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"sam\n",[15,143548,143549],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143550,143551],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143552,143546],{"class":65},[20,143554,143555],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[50,143557,143559],{"className":52,"code":143558,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143560,143561,143574,143578,143600],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143562,143563,143565,143567,143569,143572],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143564,136406],{"class":65},[59,143566,70],{"class":69},[59,143568,90],{"class":77},[59,143570,143571],{"class":81}," yes  ",[59,143573,3374],{"class":77},[59,143575,143576],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143577,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,143579,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596,143598],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143581,7004],{"class":120},[59,143583,136426],{"class":65},[59,143585,358],{"class":73},[59,143587,8638],{"class":142},[59,143589,7373],{"class":73},[59,143591,6414],{"class":69},[59,143593,90],{"class":77},[59,143595,8662],{"class":81},[59,143597,78],{"class":77},[59,143599,1561],{"class":73},[59,143601,143602,143604,143606,143608,143611,143613],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,143603,152],{"class":135},[59,143605,139],{"class":73},[59,143607,78],{"class":77},[59,143609,143610],{"class":81},"Matched",[59,143612,78],{"class":77},[59,143614,165],{"class":73},[20,143616,168],{},[50,143618,143620],{"className":52,"code":143619,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Matched\n",[15,143621,143622],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143623,143624],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143625,143619],{"class":65},[20,143627,143628,143629,358],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[354,143630,143632],{"href":143631},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143634,143635],{},"Example with file-style text:",[50,143637,143639],{"className":52,"code":143638,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143640,143641,143657,143671],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143642,143643,143646,143648,143650,143653,143655],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143644,143645],{"class":65},"line ",[59,143647,70],{"class":69},[59,143649,90],{"class":77},[59,143651,143652],{"class":81},"Python basics",[59,143654,86961],{"class":1784},[59,143656,3374],{"class":77},[59,143658,143659,143661,143663,143665,143667,143669],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143660,715],{"class":135},[59,143662,139],{"class":73},[59,143664,41579],{"class":135},[59,143666,139],{"class":73},[59,143668,61],{"class":142},[59,143670,710],{"class":73},[59,143672,143673,143675,143677,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143674,715],{"class":135},[59,143676,139],{"class":73},[59,143678,41579],{"class":135},[59,143680,139],{"class":73},[59,143682,61],{"class":142},[59,143684,358],{"class":73},[59,143686,8638],{"class":142},[59,143688,6296],{"class":73},[20,143690,168],{},[50,143692,143694],{"className":52,"code":143693,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143695,143696,143707],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143697,143698,143700,143702,143705],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143699,1725],{"class":43129},[59,143701,143652],{"class":43133},[59,143703,86961],{"class":143704},"sfi6f",[59,143706,29688],{"class":43129},[59,143708,143709,143711,143713],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143710,1725],{"class":43129},[59,143712,143652],{"class":43133},[59,143714,29688],{"class":43129},[20,143716,1599,143717,143719,143720,358],{},[15,143718,122377],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143721,86961],{},[20,143723,143724,143725,358],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[354,143726,143727],{"href":87614},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[45,143729,143731],{"id":143730},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143733,143734,143735,358],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143736,143737],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143739,143740],{},"Python will:",[29,143742,143743,143746,143749],{},[32,143744,143745],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[32,143747,143748],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[32,143750,143751],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143753,239],{},[50,143755,143757],{"className":52,"code":143756,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143758,143759,143772],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143760,143761,143763,143765,143767,143770],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143762,34675],{"class":65},[59,143764,70],{"class":69},[59,143766,90],{"class":77},[59,143768,143769],{"class":81},"??hello!!",[59,143771,3374],{"class":77},[59,143773,143774,143776,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143775,715],{"class":135},[59,143777,139],{"class":73},[59,143779,34696],{"class":142},[59,143781,358],{"class":73},[59,143783,8638],{"class":142},[59,143785,139],{"class":73},[59,143787,78],{"class":77},[59,143789,143432],{"class":81},[59,143791,78],{"class":77},[59,143793,710],{"class":73},[20,143795,168],{},[50,143797,143798],{"className":52,"code":138478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,143799,143800],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143801,143802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143803,138478],{"class":65},[20,143805,51884],{},[50,143807,143809],{"className":52,"code":143808,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143810,143811,143824],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143812,143813,143815,143817,143819,143822],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143814,34675],{"class":65},[59,143816,70],{"class":69},[59,143818,90],{"class":77},[59,143820,143821],{"class":81},"abcHelloCba",[59,143823,3374],{"class":77},[59,143825,143826,143828,143830,143832,143834,143836,143838,143840,143842,143844],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143827,715],{"class":135},[59,143829,139],{"class":73},[59,143831,34696],{"class":142},[59,143833,358],{"class":73},[59,143835,8638],{"class":142},[59,143837,139],{"class":73},[59,143839,78],{"class":77},[59,143841,41360],{"class":81},[59,143843,78],{"class":77},[59,143845,710],{"class":73},[20,143847,168],{},[50,143849,143851],{"className":52,"code":143850,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"HelloC\n",[15,143852,143853],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143854,143855],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143856,143850],{"class":65},[20,143858,6241],{},[20,143860,143861,14053,143864,143866,143867,143869,143870,1208,143872,2213,143874,143876],{},[15,143862,143863],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[549,143865,4647],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143868,41360],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143871,354],{},[15,143873,442],{},[15,143875,451],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143878,143879],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143881,143882,143883,6638],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[354,143884,143885],{"href":129744},[15,143886,124334],{},[45,143888,143890,10586,143892,10586,143895],{"id":143889},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143891,41453],{},[15,143893,143894],{},"lstrip()",[15,143896,143897],{},"rstrip()",[20,143899,143900],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[29,143902,143903,143908,143913],{},[32,143904,143905,143907],{},[15,143906,41453],{}," removes from both ends",[32,143909,143910,143912],{},[15,143911,143894],{}," removes from the left side only",[32,143914,143915,143917],{},[15,143916,143897],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143919,239],{},[50,143921,143923],{"className":52,"code":143922,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143924,143925,143937,143941,143959,143978],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,143926,143927,143929,143931,143933,143935],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,143928,34675],{"class":65},[59,143930,70],{"class":69},[59,143932,90],{"class":77},[59,143934,143170],{"class":81},[59,143936,3374],{"class":77},[59,143938,143939],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,143940,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,143942,143943,143945,143947,143949,143951,143953,143955,143957],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,143944,715],{"class":135},[59,143946,139],{"class":73},[59,143948,41579],{"class":135},[59,143950,139],{"class":73},[59,143952,34696],{"class":142},[59,143954,358],{"class":73},[59,143956,8638],{"class":142},[59,143958,6296],{"class":73},[59,143960,143961,143963,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143976],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,143962,715],{"class":135},[59,143964,139],{"class":73},[59,143966,41579],{"class":135},[59,143968,139],{"class":73},[59,143970,34696],{"class":142},[59,143972,358],{"class":73},[59,143974,143975],{"class":142},"lstrip",[59,143977,6296],{"class":73},[59,143979,143980,143982,143984,143986,143988,143990,143992,143995],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,143981,715],{"class":135},[59,143983,139],{"class":73},[59,143985,41579],{"class":135},[59,143987,139],{"class":73},[59,143989,34696],{"class":142},[59,143991,358],{"class":73},[59,143993,143994],{"class":142},"rstrip",[59,143996,6296],{"class":73},[20,143998,168],{},[50,144000,144002],{"className":52,"code":144001,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144003,144004,144012,144021],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144005,144006,144008,144010],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144007,1725],{"class":43129},[59,144009,3860],{"class":43133},[59,144011,29688],{"class":43129},[59,144013,144014,144016,144019],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144015,1725],{"class":43129},[59,144017,144018],{"class":43133},"hello  ",[59,144020,29688],{"class":43129},[59,144022,144023,144025,144028],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144024,1725],{"class":43129},[59,144026,144027],{"class":43133},"  hello",[59,144029,29688],{"class":43129},[20,144031,144032],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[45,144034,108171],{"id":108170},[20,144036,144037],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[29,144039,144040,144048,144058,144061],{},[32,144041,144042,144044,144045,144047],{},[15,144043,143863],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144046,41329],{}," once",[32,144049,144050,144051,1208,144053,2213,144055,144057],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144052,354],{},[15,144054,442],{},[15,144056,451],{}," from both ends",[32,144059,144060],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[32,144062,144063],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144065,239],{},[50,144067,144069],{"className":52,"code":144068,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144070,144071,144084],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079,144082],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144074,126246],{"class":65},[59,144076,70],{"class":69},[59,144078,90],{"class":77},[59,144080,144081],{"class":81},"txt_report.txt",[59,144083,3374],{"class":77},[59,144085,144086,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096,144098,144100,144102,144104],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144087,715],{"class":135},[59,144089,139],{"class":73},[59,144091,126264],{"class":142},[59,144093,358],{"class":73},[59,144095,8638],{"class":142},[59,144097,139],{"class":73},[59,144099,78],{"class":77},[59,144101,126299],{"class":81},[59,144103,78],{"class":77},[59,144105,710],{"class":73},[20,144107,168],{},[50,144109,144111],{"className":52,"code":144110,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"_report\n",[15,144112,144113],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144114,144115],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144116,144110],{"class":65},[20,144118,144119,144120,1208,144122,2213,144124,144126],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144121,358],{},[15,144123,63094],{},[15,144125,1260],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144128,53458,144129,1205,144132,144134],{},[15,144130,144131],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[549,144133,4647],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144136,144137,144138,144142],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[354,144139,144140],{"href":129744},[15,144141,124334],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[45,144144,776,144146],{"id":144145},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144147,41453],{},[20,144149,201,144150,144152],{},[15,144151,41453],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144154,786],{},[29,144156,144157,144161,144163,144166],{},[32,144158,143479,144159,3899],{},[15,144160,2975],{},[32,144162,143484],{},[32,144164,144165],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[32,144167,144168],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144170,239],{},[50,144172,144174],{"className":52,"code":144173,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144175,144176,144190,144194,144207],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144177,144178,144181,144183,144185,144188],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144179,144180],{"class":65},"email ",[59,144182,70],{"class":69},[59,144184,90],{"class":77},[59,144186,144187],{"class":81},"  user@example.com  ",[59,144189,3374],{"class":77},[59,144191,144192],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144193,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144195,144196,144198,144201,144203,144205],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144197,7004],{"class":120},[59,144199,144200],{"class":65}," email",[59,144202,358],{"class":73},[59,144204,8638],{"class":142},[59,144206,21593],{"class":73},[59,144208,144209,144211,144213,144215,144218,144220],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144210,152],{"class":135},[59,144212,139],{"class":73},[59,144214,78],{"class":77},[59,144216,144217],{"class":81},"Email was entered",[59,144219,78],{"class":77},[59,144221,165],{"class":73},[20,144223,168],{},[50,144225,144227],{"className":52,"code":144226,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Email was entered\n",[15,144228,144229],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144230,144231],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144232,144226],{"class":65},[20,144234,144235,144236,144238,144239,358],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144237,41453],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[354,144240,144241],{"href":123890},[15,144242,123893],{},[45,144244,1579],{"id":1578},[20,144246,84048],{},[29,144248,144249,144253,144258,144263],{},[32,144250,8456,144251,131383],{},[15,144252,41453],{},[32,144254,8456,144255,144257],{},[15,144256,41453],{}," to remove text from the middle",[32,144259,1599,144260,144262],{},[15,144261,144131],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[32,144264,4721,144265,144268],{},[15,144266,144267],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144270,144271],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[50,144273,144275],{"className":52,"code":144274,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144276,144277,144291,144295,144305,144319,144333],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144278,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287,144289],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144280,34675],{"class":65},[59,144282,70],{"class":69},[59,144284,90],{"class":77},[59,144286,144027],{"class":81},[59,144288,86961],{"class":1784},[59,144290,3374],{"class":77},[59,144292,144293],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144294,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144298,715],{"class":135},[59,144300,139],{"class":73},[59,144302,34696],{"class":142},[59,144304,165],{"class":73},[59,144306,144307,144309,144311,144313,144315,144317],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144308,715],{"class":135},[59,144310,139],{"class":73},[59,144312,41579],{"class":135},[59,144314,139],{"class":73},[59,144316,34696],{"class":142},[59,144318,710],{"class":73},[59,144320,144321,144323,144325,144327,144329,144331],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,144322,715],{"class":135},[59,144324,139],{"class":73},[59,144326,34696],{"class":142},[59,144328,358],{"class":73},[59,144330,8638],{"class":142},[59,144332,7201],{"class":73},[59,144334,144335,144337,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,144336,715],{"class":135},[59,144338,139],{"class":73},[59,144340,41579],{"class":135},[59,144342,139],{"class":73},[59,144344,34696],{"class":142},[59,144346,358],{"class":73},[59,144348,8638],{"class":142},[59,144350,6296],{"class":73},[20,144352,168],{},[50,144354,144356],{"className":52,"code":144355,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144357,144358,144363,144367,144377,144381],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144359,144360],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144361,144362],{"class":65},"  hello\n",[59,144364,144365],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144366,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144368,144369,144371,144373,144375],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144370,1725],{"class":43129},[59,144372,144027],{"class":43133},[59,144374,86961],{"class":143704},[59,144376,29688],{"class":43129},[59,144378,144379],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144380,138478],{"class":65},[59,144382,144383,144385,144387],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,144384,1725],{"class":43129},[59,144386,3860],{"class":43133},[59,144388,29688],{"class":43129},[20,144390,144391],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[50,144393,144395],{"className":52,"code":144394,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144396,144397,144407,144421,144435,144453],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144398,144399,144401,144403,144405],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144400,715],{"class":135},[59,144402,139],{"class":73},[59,144404,34696],{"class":142},[59,144406,165],{"class":73},[59,144408,144409,144411,144413,144415,144417,144419],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144410,715],{"class":135},[59,144412,139],{"class":73},[59,144414,41579],{"class":135},[59,144416,139],{"class":73},[59,144418,34696],{"class":142},[59,144420,710],{"class":73},[59,144422,144423,144425,144427,144429,144431,144433],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144424,715],{"class":135},[59,144426,139],{"class":73},[59,144428,34696],{"class":142},[59,144430,358],{"class":73},[59,144432,8638],{"class":142},[59,144434,7201],{"class":73},[59,144436,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144438,715],{"class":135},[59,144440,139],{"class":73},[59,144442,41579],{"class":135},[59,144444,139],{"class":73},[59,144446,34696],{"class":142},[59,144448,358],{"class":73},[59,144450,8638],{"class":142},[59,144452,6296],{"class":73},[59,144454,144455,144457,144459,144461,144463,144465],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,144456,32141],{"class":135},[59,144458,139],{"class":73},[59,144460,3460],{"class":697},[59,144462,358],{"class":73},[59,144464,8638],{"class":929},[59,144466,165],{"class":73},[20,144468,144469,144471],{},[15,144470,122377],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[45,144473,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,144475,1882,144477,144479],{"id":144476},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144478,41453],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144481,46167,144482,144484],{},[15,144483,41453],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1127,144486,1882,144488,124490],{"id":144487},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144489,41453],{},[20,144491,144492],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1127,144494,1872,144496,144498],{"id":144495},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144497,41453],{}," remove by default?",[20,144500,144501],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1127,144503,34193,144505,34196,144507,1905],{"id":144504},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144506,41453],{},[15,144508,124334],{},[20,144510,144511,144513,144514,144516],{},[15,144512,41453],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144515,124334],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1127,144518,144520],{"id":144519},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144522,128036,144523,144525,144526,144528],{},[15,144524,143894],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144527,143897],{}," for the right side.",[45,144530,1927],{"id":1926},[29,144532,144533,144539,144545,144550,144555],{},[32,144534,144535],{},[354,144536,126163,144537,10742],{"href":123890},[15,144538,123893],{},[32,144540,144541],{},[354,144542,126163,144543,10742],{"href":129744},[15,144544,124334],{},[32,144546,144547],{},[354,144548,144549],{"href":143631},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[32,144551,144552],{},[354,144553,144554],{"href":87614},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[32,144556,144557],{},[354,144558,124918],{"href":50779},[1953,144560,144561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":144563},[144564,144565,144567,144571,144573,144574,144576,144577,144579,144580,144591],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":143216,"depth":110,"text":144566},"What strip() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":144568},[144569,144570],{"id":143339,"depth":117,"text":143331},{"id":143390,"depth":117,"text":143336},{"id":143464,"depth":110,"text":144572},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143730,"depth":110,"text":143731},{"id":143889,"depth":110,"text":144575},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108170,"depth":110,"text":108171},{"id":144145,"depth":110,"text":144578},"When to use strip()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":144581},[144582,144584,144586,144588,144590],{"id":144476,"depth":117,"text":144583},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144487,"depth":117,"text":144585},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144495,"depth":117,"text":144587},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144504,"depth":117,"text":144589},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144519,"depth":117,"text":144520},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143137,"description":144592},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144599,"title":144600,"body":144601,"description":145781,"extension":1988,"meta":145782,"navigation":113,"path":145783,"seo":145784,"stem":145785,"__hash__":145786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144602,"toc":145751},[144603,144608,144613,144618,144620,144666,144674,144679,144693,144699,144701,144703,144718,144720,144730,144733,144764,144767,144790,144792,144795,144852,144854,144868,144870,144884,144890,144895,144898,144939,144941,144950,144958,144961,145006,145008,145017,145020,145024,145029,145043,145045,145077,145079,145099,145102,145107,145112,145114,145125,145128,145185,145187,145195,145204,145206,145208,145214,145216,145253,145255,145263,145265,145306,145308,145317,145322,145327,145329,145356,145363,145366,145397,145399,145408,145414,145423,145454,145456,145468,145481,145485,145490,145520,145522,145589,145591,145601,145603,145608,145611,145616,145621,145625,145631,145637,145640,145642,145700,145702,145710,145712,145748],[10,144604,123163,144606,11324],{"id":144605},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144607,128041],{},[20,144609,123168,144610,144612],{},[15,144611,128041],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144614,84425,144615,144617],{},[15,144616,128041],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[45,144619,48],{"id":47},[50,144621,144623],{"className":52,"code":144622,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144624,144625,144637,144651,144661],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144635],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144628,34675],{"class":65},[59,144630,70],{"class":69},[59,144632,90],{"class":77},[59,144634,128882],{"class":81},[59,144636,3374],{"class":77},[59,144638,144639,144641,144643,144645,144647,144649],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144640,692],{"class":65},[59,144642,70],{"class":69},[59,144644,42642],{"class":65},[59,144646,358],{"class":73},[59,144648,34465],{"class":142},[59,144650,8647],{"class":73},[59,144652,144653,144655,144657,144659],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144654,715],{"class":135},[59,144656,139],{"class":73},[59,144658,720],{"class":142},[59,144660,165],{"class":73},[59,144662,144663],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144664,144665],{"class":3678},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144667,144668,144670,144671,144673],{},[15,144669,128041],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[549,144672,4647],{}," change the original string in place.",[45,144675,208,144677,211],{"id":144676},"what-upper-does",[15,144678,128041],{},[29,144680,144681,144686,144689,144691],{},[32,144682,144683,144685],{},[15,144684,128041],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[32,144687,144688],{},"It works on string values only",[32,144690,133411],{},[32,144692,136129],{},[20,144694,124915,144695,2896,144697,358],{},[354,144696,136135],{"href":136134},[354,144698,124918],{"href":50779},[45,144700,362],{"id":361},[20,144702,365],{},[50,144704,144706],{"className":52,"code":144705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"string.upper()\n",[15,144707,144708],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144711,60981],{"class":65},[59,144713,358],{"class":73},[59,144715,34465],{"class":142},[59,144717,8647],{"class":73},[20,144719,11461],{},[29,144721,144722,144724,144727],{},[32,144723,97336],{},[32,144725,144726],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[32,144728,144729],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144731,144732],{},"Example with a variable:",[50,144734,144736],{"className":52,"code":144735,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144737,144738,144750],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144739,144740,144742,144744,144746,144748],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144741,7882],{"class":65},[59,144743,70],{"class":69},[59,144745,90],{"class":77},[59,144747,54],{"class":81},[59,144749,3374],{"class":77},[59,144751,144752,144754,144756,144758,144760,144762],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144753,715],{"class":135},[59,144755,139],{"class":73},[59,144757,7676],{"class":142},[59,144759,358],{"class":73},[59,144761,34465],{"class":142},[59,144763,7201],{"class":73},[20,144765,144766],{},"Example with a string literal:",[50,144768,144770],{"className":52,"code":144769,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144771,144772],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144775,715],{"class":135},[59,144777,139],{"class":73},[59,144779,78],{"class":77},[59,144781,3860],{"class":81},[59,144783,78],{"class":77},[59,144785,358],{"class":73},[59,144787,34465],{"class":142},[59,144789,7201],{"class":73},[45,144791,11478],{"id":11477},[20,144793,144794],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[50,144796,144798],{"className":52,"code":144797,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144799,144800,144812,144827,144831,144841],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144801,144802,144804,144806,144808,144810],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144803,6160],{"class":65},[59,144805,70],{"class":69},[59,144807,90],{"class":77},[59,144809,597],{"class":81},[59,144811,3374],{"class":77},[59,144813,144814,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144815,144816],{"class":65},"uppercase_word ",[59,144818,70],{"class":69},[59,144820,38179],{"class":65},[59,144822,358],{"class":73},[59,144824,34465],{"class":142},[59,144826,8647],{"class":73},[59,144828,144829],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144830,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144834,715],{"class":135},[59,144836,139],{"class":73},[59,144838,38189],{"class":142},[59,144840,165],{"class":73},[59,144842,144843,144845,144847,144850],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,144844,715],{"class":135},[59,144846,139],{"class":73},[59,144848,144849],{"class":142},"uppercase_word",[59,144851,165],{"class":73},[20,144853,168],{},[50,144855,144857],{"className":52,"code":144856,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144858,144859,144863],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144860,144861],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144862,70214],{"class":65},[59,144864,144865],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144866,144867],{"class":1784},"BANANA\n",[20,144869,112277],{},[29,144871,144872,144877],{},[32,144873,144874,144876],{},[15,144875,38189],{}," keeps its original value",[32,144878,144879,144881,144882],{},[15,144880,144849],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144883,128041],{},[45,144885,144887,144889],{"id":144886},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144888,128041],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144891,136795,144892,144894],{},[549,144893,136798],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144896,144897],{},"So this method:",[50,144899,144901],{"className":52,"code":144900,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144902,144903,144915,144925,144929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144904,144905,144907,144909,144911,144913],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144906,7882],{"class":65},[59,144908,70],{"class":69},[59,144910,90],{"class":77},[59,144912,17802],{"class":81},[59,144914,3374],{"class":77},[59,144916,144917,144919,144921,144923],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144918,7676],{"class":65},[59,144920,358],{"class":73},[59,144922,34465],{"class":142},[59,144924,8647],{"class":73},[59,144926,144927],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144928,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144930,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144932,715],{"class":135},[59,144934,139],{"class":73},[59,144936,7676],{"class":142},[59,144938,165],{"class":73},[20,144940,168],{},[50,144942,144944],{"className":52,"code":144943,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"alice\n",[15,144945,144946],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144947,144948],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144949,144943],{"class":65},[20,144951,20977,144952,144954,144955,144957],{},[15,144953,128041],{}," was called, ",[15,144956,7676],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144959,144960],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[50,144962,144964],{"className":52,"code":144963,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144965,144966,144978,144992,144996],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,144967,144968,144970,144972,144974,144976],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,144969,7882],{"class":65},[59,144971,70],{"class":69},[59,144973,90],{"class":77},[59,144975,17802],{"class":81},[59,144977,3374],{"class":77},[59,144979,144980,144982,144984,144986,144988,144990],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,144981,7882],{"class":65},[59,144983,70],{"class":69},[59,144985,319],{"class":65},[59,144987,358],{"class":73},[59,144989,34465],{"class":142},[59,144991,8647],{"class":73},[59,144993,144994],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,144995,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,144997,144998,145000,145002,145004],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,144999,715],{"class":135},[59,145001,139],{"class":73},[59,145003,7676],{"class":142},[59,145005,165],{"class":73},[20,145007,168],{},[50,145009,145011],{"className":52,"code":145010,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ALICE\n",[15,145012,145013],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145014,145015],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145016,145010],{"class":1784},[20,145018,145019],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[45,145021,145023],{"id":145022},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145025,145026,145028],{},[15,145027,128041],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[29,145030,145031,145034,145037,145040],{},[32,145032,145033],{},"Numbers stay the same",[32,145035,145036],{},"Spaces stay the same",[32,145038,145039],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[32,145041,145042],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145044,239],{},[50,145046,145048],{"className":52,"code":145047,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145049,145050,145063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145051,145052,145054,145056,145058,145061],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145053,34675],{"class":65},[59,145055,70],{"class":69},[59,145057,90],{"class":77},[59,145059,145060],{"class":81},"Room 7, table #3!",[59,145062,3374],{"class":77},[59,145064,145065,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145066,715],{"class":135},[59,145068,139],{"class":73},[59,145070,34696],{"class":142},[59,145072,358],{"class":73},[59,145074,34465],{"class":142},[59,145076,7201],{"class":73},[20,145078,168],{},[50,145080,145082],{"className":52,"code":145081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145083,145084],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145085,145086,145089,145091,145093,145096],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145087,145088],{"class":1784},"ROOM",[59,145090,6000],{"class":178},[59,145092,87],{"class":73},[59,145094,145095],{"class":1784}," TABLE",[59,145097,145098],{"class":3678}," #3!\n",[20,145100,145101],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[45,145103,776,145105],{"id":145104},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145106,128041],{},[20,145108,145109,145111],{},[15,145110,128041],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145113,48142],{},[29,145115,145116,145119,145122],{},[32,145117,145118],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[32,145120,145121],{},"Format labels or headings",[32,145123,145124],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145126,145127],{},"Example: simple comparison",[50,145129,145131],{"className":52,"code":145130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145132,145133,145145,145149,145171],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145134,145135,145137,145139,145141,145143],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145136,136406],{"class":65},[59,145138,70],{"class":69},[59,145140,90],{"class":77},[59,145142,8662],{"class":81},[59,145144,3374],{"class":77},[59,145146,145147],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145148,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,145150,145151,145153,145155,145157,145159,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145152,7004],{"class":120},[59,145154,136426],{"class":65},[59,145156,358],{"class":73},[59,145158,34465],{"class":142},[59,145160,7373],{"class":73},[59,145162,6414],{"class":69},[59,145164,90],{"class":77},[59,145166,136413],{"class":81},[59,145168,78],{"class":77},[59,145170,1561],{"class":73},[59,145172,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,145174,152],{"class":135},[59,145176,139],{"class":73},[59,145178,78],{"class":77},[59,145180,143610],{"class":81},[59,145182,78],{"class":77},[59,145184,165],{"class":73},[20,145186,168],{},[50,145188,145189],{"className":52,"code":143619,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,145190,145191],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145192,145193],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145194,143619],{"class":65},[20,145196,145197,145198,1208,145200,2213,145202,358],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145199,8662],{},[15,145201,137199],{},[15,145203,136413],{},[45,145205,1579],{"id":1578},[1127,145207,95697],{"id":95696},[20,145209,8121,145210,145213],{},[15,145211,145212],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145215,16644],{},[50,145217,145219],{"className":52,"code":145218,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145220,145221,145233,145243],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145222,145223,145225,145227,145229,145231],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145224,34675],{"class":65},[59,145226,70],{"class":69},[59,145228,90],{"class":77},[59,145230,3860],{"class":81},[59,145232,3374],{"class":77},[59,145234,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145236,34696],{"class":65},[59,145238,358],{"class":73},[59,145240,34465],{"class":142},[59,145242,8647],{"class":73},[59,145244,145245,145247,145249,145251],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145246,715],{"class":135},[59,145248,139],{"class":73},[59,145250,34696],{"class":142},[59,145252,165],{"class":73},[20,145254,168],{},[50,145256,145257],{"className":52,"code":138478,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,145258,145259],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145260,145261],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145262,138478],{"class":65},[20,145264,16656],{},[50,145266,145268],{"className":52,"code":145267,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145269,145270,145282,145296],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145271,145272,145274,145276,145278,145280],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145273,34675],{"class":65},[59,145275,70],{"class":69},[59,145277,90],{"class":77},[59,145279,3860],{"class":81},[59,145281,3374],{"class":77},[59,145283,145284,145286,145288,145290,145292,145294],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145285,34675],{"class":65},[59,145287,70],{"class":69},[59,145289,42642],{"class":65},[59,145291,358],{"class":73},[59,145293,34465],{"class":142},[59,145295,8647],{"class":73},[59,145297,145298,145300,145302,145304],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145299,715],{"class":135},[59,145301,139],{"class":73},[59,145303,34696],{"class":142},[59,145305,165],{"class":73},[20,145307,168],{},[50,145309,145311],{"className":52,"code":145310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"HELLO\n",[15,145312,145313],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145314,145315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145316,145310],{"class":1784},[1127,145318,18906,145320,137085],{"id":145319},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145321,128041],{},[20,145323,145324,145326],{},[15,145325,128041],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145328,239],{},[50,145330,145332],{"className":52,"code":145331,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145333,145334,145342],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145335,145336,145338,145340],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145337,2236],{"class":65},[59,145339,70],{"class":69},[59,145341,124845],{"class":178},[59,145343,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145345,715],{"class":135},[59,145347,139],{"class":73},[59,145349,896],{"class":142},[59,145351,358],{"class":73},[59,145353,34465],{"class":142},[59,145355,7201],{"class":73},[20,145357,39452,145358,145360,145361,33588],{},[15,145359,2209],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145362,128041],{},[20,145364,145365],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[50,145367,145369],{"className":52,"code":145368,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145370,145371,145379],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145372,145373,145375,145377],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145374,2236],{"class":65},[59,145376,70],{"class":69},[59,145378,124845],{"class":178},[59,145380,145381,145383,145385,145387,145389,145391,145393,145395],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145382,715],{"class":135},[59,145384,139],{"class":73},[59,145386,3460],{"class":697},[59,145388,139],{"class":73},[59,145390,896],{"class":142},[59,145392,8635],{"class":73},[59,145394,34465],{"class":142},[59,145396,7201],{"class":73},[20,145398,168],{},[50,145400,145402],{"className":52,"code":145401,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"123\n",[15,145403,145404],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145405,145406],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145407,145401],{"class":178},[1127,145409,1605,145411,145413],{"id":145410},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145412,128041],{}," with title case",[20,145415,145416,145418,145419,145422],{},[15,145417,128041],{}," makes ",[549,145420,145421],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[50,145424,145426],{"className":52,"code":145425,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145427,145428,145440],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145429,145430,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145431,34675],{"class":65},[59,145433,70],{"class":69},[59,145435,90],{"class":77},[59,145437,60213],{"class":81},[59,145439,3374],{"class":77},[59,145441,145442,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145443,715],{"class":135},[59,145445,139],{"class":73},[59,145447,34696],{"class":142},[59,145449,358],{"class":73},[59,145451,34465],{"class":142},[59,145453,7201],{"class":73},[20,145455,168],{},[50,145457,145459],{"className":52,"code":145458,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145460,145461],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145462,145463,145465],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145464,136187],{"class":1784},[59,145466,145467],{"class":1784}," WORLD\n",[20,145469,145470,145471,145475,145476,145480],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[354,145472,145473],{"href":123890},[15,145474,123893],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[354,145477,145478],{"href":129744},[15,145479,124334],{}," changes parts of a string.",[45,145482,145484],{"id":145483},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145486,145487,145488,1002],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145489,128041],{},[29,145491,145492,145499,145506,145513],{},[32,145493,145494,145498],{},[354,145495,145496],{"href":123890},[15,145497,123893],{}," for lowercase text",[32,145500,145501,145505],{},[354,145502,145503],{"href":136733},[15,145504,41453],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[32,145507,145508,145512],{},[354,145509,145510],{"href":129744},[15,145511,124334],{}," for changing parts of a string",[32,145514,145515,4408,145517,145519],{},[15,145516,127531],{},[15,145518,126221],{}," for checks",[20,145521,239],{},[50,145523,145525],{"className":52,"code":145524,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145526,145527,145539,145543,145558,145574,145578],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145528,145529,145531,145533,145535,145537],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145530,34675],{"class":65},[59,145532,70],{"class":69},[59,145534,90],{"class":77},[59,145536,143261],{"class":81},[59,145538,3374],{"class":77},[59,145540,145541],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145542,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,145544,145545,145548,145550,145552,145554,145556],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145546,145547],{"class":65},"cleaned ",[59,145549,70],{"class":69},[59,145551,42642],{"class":65},[59,145553,358],{"class":73},[59,145555,8638],{"class":142},[59,145557,8647],{"class":73},[59,145559,145560,145563,145565,145568,145570,145572],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,145561,145562],{"class":65},"loud ",[59,145564,70],{"class":69},[59,145566,145567],{"class":65}," cleaned",[59,145569,358],{"class":73},[59,145571,34465],{"class":142},[59,145573,8647],{"class":73},[59,145575,145576],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,145577,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,145579,145580,145582,145584,145587],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,145581,715],{"class":135},[59,145583,139],{"class":73},[59,145585,145586],{"class":142},"loud",[59,145588,165],{"class":73},[20,145590,168],{},[50,145592,145593],{"className":52,"code":145458,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,145594,145595],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145596,145597,145599],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145598,136187],{"class":1784},[59,145600,145467],{"class":1784},[45,145602,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,145604,1882,145606,124490],{"id":145605},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145607,128041],{},[20,145609,145610],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1127,145612,1882,145614,137467],{"id":145613},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145615,128041],{},[20,145617,145618,145619,358],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145620,145212],{},[1127,145622,145624],{"id":145623},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145626,145627,145628,145630],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145629,128041],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1127,145632,28318,145634,145636],{"id":145633},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145635,128041],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145638,145639],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145641,239],{},[50,145643,145645],{"className":52,"code":145644,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145646,145647,145659,145672,145676],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145648,145649,145651,145653,145655,145657],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145650,2572],{"class":65},[59,145652,70],{"class":69},[59,145654,90],{"class":77},[59,145656,54],{"class":81},[59,145658,3374],{"class":77},[59,145660,145661,145663,145665,145667,145670],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145662,2600],{"class":65},[59,145664,70],{"class":69},[59,145666,90],{"class":77},[59,145668,145669],{"class":81},"PYTHON",[59,145671,3374],{"class":77},[59,145673,145674],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145675,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,145677,145678,145680,145682,145684,145686,145688,145690,145692,145694,145696,145698],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,145679,715],{"class":135},[59,145681,139],{"class":73},[59,145683,354],{"class":142},[59,145685,358],{"class":73},[59,145687,34465],{"class":142},[59,145689,7373],{"class":73},[59,145691,6414],{"class":69},[59,145693,2577],{"class":142},[59,145695,358],{"class":73},[59,145697,34465],{"class":142},[59,145699,7201],{"class":73},[20,145701,168],{},[50,145703,145704],{"className":52,"code":3994,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,145705,145706],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145707,145708],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145709,3994],{"class":3867},[45,145711,1927],{"id":1926},[29,145713,145714,145718,145724,145730,145736,145740,145744],{},[32,145715,145716],{},[354,145717,124918],{"href":50779},[32,145719,145720],{},[354,145721,126163,145722,10742],{"href":123890},[15,145723,123893],{},[32,145725,145726],{},[354,145727,126163,145728,10742],{"href":136733},[15,145729,41453],{},[32,145731,145732],{},[354,145733,126163,145734,10742],{"href":129744},[15,145735,124334],{},[32,145737,145738],{},[354,145739,90491],{"href":89500},[32,145741,145742],{},[354,145743,124562],{"href":123418},[32,145745,145746],{},[354,145747,137553],{"href":136134},[1953,145749,145750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":145752},[145753,145754,145756,145757,145758,145760,145761,145763,145770,145771,145780],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":144676,"depth":110,"text":145755},"What upper() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":144886,"depth":110,"text":145759},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145022,"depth":110,"text":145023},{"id":145104,"depth":110,"text":145762},"When to use upper()",{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":145764},[145765,145766,145768],{"id":95696,"depth":117,"text":95697},{"id":145319,"depth":117,"text":145767},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145410,"depth":117,"text":145769},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145483,"depth":110,"text":145484},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":145772},[145773,145775,145777,145778],{"id":145605,"depth":117,"text":145774},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145613,"depth":117,"text":145776},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145623,"depth":117,"text":145624},{"id":145633,"depth":117,"text":145779},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144600,"description":145781},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145788,"title":145789,"body":145790,"description":147667,"extension":1988,"meta":147668,"navigation":113,"path":147669,"seo":147670,"stem":147671,"__hash__":147672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145791,"toc":147617},[145792,145798,145805,145811,145813,145869,145874,145879,145884,145887,145906,145909,145911,145935,145953,145964,145966,145969,146022,146024,146032,146034,146052,146057,146060,146117,146119,146128,146131,146151,146154,146160,146165,146167,146210,146212,146220,146223,146264,146266,146275,146281,146287,146314,146316,146324,146329,146333,146345,146388,146390,146398,146403,146409,146414,146418,146420,146463,146466,146513,146515,146524,146531,146535,146538,146584,146589,146593,146595,146638,146641,146649,146651,146656,146658,146660,146679,146682,146694,146696,146715,146717,146725,146729,146731,146782,146785,146860,146862,146870,146873,146877,146879,146926,146929,147000,147002,147010,147016,147018,147093,147097,147176,147178,147186,147192,147198,147203,147208,147257,147261,147332,147335,147340,147351,147354,147365,147375,147377,147382,147407,147412,147493,147495,147520,147522,147527,147530,147536,147545,147551,147554,147560,147566,147573,147576,147578,147614],[10,145793,13,145795,18],{"id":145794},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145796,145797],{},"sum()",[20,145799,9127,145800,145802,145803,24756],{},[15,145801,145797],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145804,59805],{},[20,145806,145807,145808,145810],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145809,407],{}," value and a few important limits.",[45,145812,48],{"id":47},[50,145814,145816],{"className":52,"code":145815,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145817,145818,145842,145857],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145819,145820,145822,145824,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145821,664],{"class":65},[59,145823,70],{"class":69},[59,145825,74],{"class":73},[59,145827,187],{"class":178},[59,145829,87],{"class":73},[59,145831,3009],{"class":178},[59,145833,87],{"class":73},[59,145835,2469],{"class":178},[59,145837,87],{"class":73},[59,145839,2475],{"class":178},[59,145841,107],{"class":73},[59,145843,145844,145846,145848,145851,145853,145855],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145845,40982],{"class":65},[59,145847,70],{"class":69},[59,145849,145850],{"class":135}," sum",[59,145852,139],{"class":73},[59,145854,707],{"class":142},[59,145856,165],{"class":73},[59,145858,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,145860,715],{"class":135},[59,145862,139],{"class":73},[59,145864,41011],{"class":142},[59,145866,3675],{"class":73},[59,145868,26785],{"class":3678},[20,145870,201,145871,145873],{},[15,145872,145797],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[45,145875,208,145877,211],{"id":145876},"what-sum-does",[15,145878,145797],{},[20,145880,145881,145883],{},[15,145882,145797],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145885,145886],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[29,145888,145889,145892,145895,145900],{},[32,145890,145891],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[32,145893,145894],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[32,145896,145897,145898],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145899,535],{},[32,145901,145902,145903,145905],{},"Counting ",[15,145904,3619],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145907,145908],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[45,145910,362],{"id":361},[50,145912,145914],{"className":52,"code":145913,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145915,145916],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145917,145918,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929,145931,145933],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145919,145920],{"class":135},"sum",[59,145922,139],{"class":73},[59,145924,380],{"class":142},[59,145926,87],{"class":73},[59,145928,386],{"class":385},[59,145930,70],{"class":69},[59,145932,179],{"class":178},[59,145934,165],{"class":73},[29,145936,145937,145942,145947],{},[32,145938,145939,145941],{},[15,145940,380],{}," is the group of values to add",[32,145943,145944,145946],{},[15,145945,407],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[32,145948,145949,145950],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145951,145952],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145954,145955,145956,145959,145960,358],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145957,145958,380],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[354,145961,145962,1774],{"href":532},[15,145963,535],{},[45,145965,11478],{"id":11477},[20,145967,145968],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[50,145970,145972],{"className":52,"code":145971,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145973,145974,145994,146008,146012],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,145975,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,145977,664],{"class":65},[59,145979,70],{"class":69},[59,145981,74],{"class":73},[59,145983,2159],{"class":178},[59,145985,87],{"class":73},[59,145987,741],{"class":178},[59,145989,87],{"class":73},[59,145991,37734],{"class":178},[59,145993,107],{"class":73},[59,145995,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,145997,40982],{"class":65},[59,145999,70],{"class":69},[59,146001,145850],{"class":135},[59,146003,139],{"class":73},[59,146005,707],{"class":142},[59,146007,165],{"class":73},[59,146009,146010],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,146011,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,146013,146014,146016,146018,146020],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,146015,715],{"class":135},[59,146017,139],{"class":73},[59,146019,41011],{"class":142},[59,146021,165],{"class":73},[20,146023,168],{},[50,146025,146026],{"className":52,"code":69648,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146027,146028],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146029,146030],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146031,69648],{"class":178},[20,146033,11687],{},[29,146035,146036,146041,146047],{},[32,146037,146038,146040],{},[15,146039,707],{}," contains three integers",[32,146042,146043,146046],{},[15,146044,146045],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[32,146048,146049,146050],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146051,41011],{},[45,146053,984,146055,1196],{"id":146054},"using-the-start-value",[15,146056,407],{},[20,146058,146059],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[50,146061,146063],{"className":52,"code":146062,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146064,146065,146085,146103,146107],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146066,146067,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146068,664],{"class":65},[59,146070,70],{"class":69},[59,146072,74],{"class":73},[59,146074,187],{"class":178},[59,146076,87],{"class":73},[59,146078,3009],{"class":178},[59,146080,87],{"class":73},[59,146082,2469],{"class":178},[59,146084,107],{"class":73},[59,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146088,40982],{"class":65},[59,146090,70],{"class":69},[59,146092,145850],{"class":135},[59,146094,139],{"class":73},[59,146096,707],{"class":142},[59,146098,87],{"class":73},[59,146100,741],{"class":178},[59,146102,165],{"class":73},[59,146104,146105],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,146106,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,146108,146109,146111,146113,146115],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,146110,715],{"class":135},[59,146112,139],{"class":73},[59,146114,41011],{"class":142},[59,146116,165],{"class":73},[20,146118,168],{},[50,146120,146122],{"className":52,"code":146121,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"16\n",[15,146123,146124],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146125,146126],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146127,146121],{"class":178},[20,146129,146130],{},"This works like:",[29,146132,146133,146138,146143,146147],{},[32,146134,146135,146136],{},"Start at ",[15,146137,671],{},[32,146139,146140,146141],{},"Add ",[15,146142,187],{},[32,146144,146140,146145],{},[15,146146,195],{},[32,146148,146140,146149],{},[15,146150,950],{},[20,146152,146153],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[45,146155,208,146157,146159],{"id":146156},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146158,145797],{}," can work with",[20,146161,146162,146164],{},[15,146163,145797],{}," works with numeric values.",[1127,146166,40224],{"id":40223},[50,146168,146170],{"className":52,"code":146169,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146171,146172,146196],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146173,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146175,3837],{"class":65},[59,146177,70],{"class":69},[59,146179,74],{"class":73},[59,146181,187],{"class":178},[59,146183,87],{"class":73},[59,146185,3009],{"class":178},[59,146187,87],{"class":73},[59,146189,2469],{"class":178},[59,146191,87],{"class":73},[59,146193,2475],{"class":178},[59,146195,107],{"class":73},[59,146197,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146199,715],{"class":135},[59,146201,139],{"class":73},[59,146203,145920],{"class":135},[59,146205,139],{"class":73},[59,146207,5366],{"class":142},[59,146209,710],{"class":73},[20,146211,168],{},[50,146213,146214],{"className":52,"code":2393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146215,146216],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146217,146218],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146219,2393],{"class":178},[1127,146221,146222],{"id":51850},"Floats",[50,146224,146226],{"className":52,"code":146225,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146227,146228,146250],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146229,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146243,146245,146248],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146231,82856],{"class":65},[59,146233,70],{"class":69},[59,146235,74],{"class":73},[59,146237,40958],{"class":178},[59,146239,87],{"class":73},[59,146241,146242],{"class":178}," 3.75",[59,146244,87],{"class":73},[59,146246,146247],{"class":178}," 1.25",[59,146249,107],{"class":73},[59,146251,146252,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146253,715],{"class":135},[59,146255,139],{"class":73},[59,146257,145920],{"class":135},[59,146259,139],{"class":73},[59,146261,82892],{"class":142},[59,146263,710],{"class":73},[20,146265,168],{},[50,146267,146269],{"className":52,"code":146268,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"7.5\n",[15,146270,146271],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146272,146273],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146274,146268],{"class":178},[20,146276,146277,146278,358],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[354,146279,146280],{"href":2436},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1127,146282,146284,146285],{"id":146283},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146286,535],{},[50,146288,146290],{"className":52,"code":146289,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146291,146292],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146293,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146295,715],{"class":135},[59,146297,139],{"class":73},[59,146299,145920],{"class":135},[59,146301,139],{"class":73},[59,146303,59805],{"class":135},[59,146305,139],{"class":73},[59,146307,187],{"class":178},[59,146309,87],{"class":73},[59,146311,37441],{"class":178},[59,146313,1706],{"class":73},[20,146315,168],{},[50,146317,146318],{"className":52,"code":46843,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146319,146320],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146321,146322],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146323,46843],{"class":178},[20,146325,113367,146326,358],{},[15,146327,146328],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1127,146330,146332],{"id":146331},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146334,146335,146336,146338,146339,4408,146341,146338,146343,358],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146337,3619],{}," acts like ",[15,146340,187],{},[15,146342,3689],{},[15,146344,179],{},[50,146346,146348],{"className":52,"code":146347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146349,146350,146374],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146351,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146353,51770],{"class":65},[59,146355,70],{"class":69},[59,146357,74],{"class":73},[59,146359,3619],{"class":3867},[59,146361,87],{"class":73},[59,146363,3921],{"class":3867},[59,146365,87],{"class":73},[59,146367,3930],{"class":3867},[59,146369,87],{"class":73},[59,146371,3930],{"class":3867},[59,146373,107],{"class":73},[59,146375,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146377,715],{"class":135},[59,146379,139],{"class":73},[59,146381,145920],{"class":135},[59,146383,139],{"class":73},[59,146385,51823],{"class":142},[59,146387,710],{"class":73},[20,146389,168],{},[50,146391,146392],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146393,146394],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146395,146396],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146397,46419],{"class":178},[20,146399,146400,146401,358],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146402,3619],{},[45,146404,208,146406,146408],{"id":146405},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146407,145797],{}," does not work with",[20,146410,146411,146413],{},[15,146412,145797],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1127,146415,146417],{"id":146416},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146419,2854],{},[50,146421,146423],{"className":52,"code":146422,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146424,146425,146449],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146426,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146428,4085],{"class":65},[59,146430,70],{"class":69},[59,146432,74],{"class":73},[59,146434,78],{"class":77},[59,146436,3860],{"class":81},[59,146438,78],{"class":77},[59,146440,87],{"class":73},[59,146442,90],{"class":77},[59,146444,60398],{"class":81},[59,146446,78],{"class":77},[59,146448,107],{"class":73},[59,146450,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146452,715],{"class":135},[59,146454,139],{"class":73},[59,146456,145920],{"class":135},[59,146458,139],{"class":73},[59,146460,4127],{"class":142},[59,146462,710],{"class":73},[20,146464,146465],{},"Use string joining instead:",[50,146467,146469],{"className":52,"code":146468,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146470,146471,146495],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146472,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146474,4085],{"class":65},[59,146476,70],{"class":69},[59,146478,74],{"class":73},[59,146480,78],{"class":77},[59,146482,3860],{"class":81},[59,146484,78],{"class":77},[59,146486,87],{"class":73},[59,146488,90],{"class":77},[59,146490,60398],{"class":81},[59,146492,78],{"class":77},[59,146494,107],{"class":73},[59,146496,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146498,715],{"class":135},[59,146500,139],{"class":73},[59,146502,6278],{"class":77},[59,146504,358],{"class":73},[59,146506,133322],{"class":142},[59,146508,139],{"class":73},[59,146510,4127],{"class":142},[59,146512,710],{"class":73},[20,146514,168],{},[50,146516,146518],{"className":52,"code":146517,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"helloworld\n",[15,146519,146520],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146521,146522],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146523,146517],{"class":65},[20,146525,146526,146527,358],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[354,146528,146529,5791],{"href":41975},[15,146530,47486],{},[1127,146532,146534],{"id":146533},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146536,146537],{},"This also causes an error:",[50,146539,146541],{"className":52,"code":146540,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146542,146543,146570],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146544,146545,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146546,146547],{"class":65},"lists ",[59,146549,70],{"class":69},[59,146551,56099],{"class":73},[59,146553,187],{"class":178},[59,146555,87],{"class":73},[59,146557,3009],{"class":178},[59,146559,1697],{"class":73},[59,146561,74],{"class":73},[59,146563,950],{"class":178},[59,146565,87],{"class":73},[59,146567,2475],{"class":178},[59,146569,53047],{"class":73},[59,146571,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146573,715],{"class":135},[59,146575,139],{"class":73},[59,146577,145920],{"class":135},[59,146579,139],{"class":73},[59,146581,224],{"class":142},[59,146583,710],{"class":73},[20,146585,146586,146588],{},[15,146587,145797],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1127,146590,146592],{"id":146591},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146594,5480],{},[50,146596,146598],{"className":52,"code":146597,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146599,146600,146624],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146603,3837],{"class":65},[59,146605,70],{"class":69},[59,146607,74],{"class":73},[59,146609,187],{"class":178},[59,146611,87],{"class":73},[59,146613,3009],{"class":178},[59,146615,87],{"class":73},[59,146617,90],{"class":77},[59,146619,950],{"class":81},[59,146621,78],{"class":77},[59,146623,107],{"class":73},[59,146625,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146627,715],{"class":135},[59,146629,139],{"class":73},[59,146631,145920],{"class":135},[59,146633,139],{"class":73},[59,146635,5366],{"class":142},[59,146637,710],{"class":73},[20,146639,146640],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146642,146643,146644,146646,146647,358],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146645,65753],{},", convert them first. See ",[354,146648,2980],{"href":2979},[45,146650,41304],{"id":41303},[20,146652,146653,146654,358],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146655,145797],{},[1127,146657,6531],{"id":6530},[20,146659,4541],{},[50,146661,146663],{"className":52,"code":146662,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146664,146665],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146666,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146668,715],{"class":135},[59,146670,139],{"class":73},[59,146672,145920],{"class":135},[59,146674,139],{"class":73},[59,146676,2159],{"class":178},[59,146678,710],{"class":73},[20,146680,146681],{},"Why it fails:",[29,146683,146684,146689],{},[32,146685,146686,146688],{},[15,146687,2159],{}," is a single integer",[32,146690,146691,146693],{},[15,146692,145797],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146695,6561],{},[50,146697,146699],{"className":52,"code":146698,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146700,146701],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146702,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146704,715],{"class":135},[59,146706,139],{"class":73},[59,146708,145920],{"class":135},[59,146710,1629],{"class":73},[59,146712,2159],{"class":178},[59,146714,1642],{"class":73},[20,146716,168],{},[50,146718,146719],{"className":52,"code":2964,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146720,146721],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146722,146723],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146724,2964],{"class":178},[1127,146726,146728],{"id":146727},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146730,4541],{},[50,146732,146734],{"className":52,"code":146733,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146735,146736,146768],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146737,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146739,3837],{"class":65},[59,146741,70],{"class":69},[59,146743,74],{"class":73},[59,146745,78],{"class":77},[59,146747,187],{"class":81},[59,146749,78],{"class":77},[59,146751,87],{"class":73},[59,146753,90],{"class":77},[59,146755,195],{"class":81},[59,146757,78],{"class":77},[59,146759,87],{"class":73},[59,146761,90],{"class":77},[59,146763,950],{"class":81},[59,146765,78],{"class":77},[59,146767,107],{"class":73},[59,146769,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146771,715],{"class":135},[59,146773,139],{"class":73},[59,146775,145920],{"class":135},[59,146777,139],{"class":73},[59,146779,5366],{"class":142},[59,146781,710],{"class":73},[20,146783,146784],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[50,146786,146788],{"className":52,"code":146787,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146789,146790,146822,146850],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146791,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146793,3837],{"class":65},[59,146795,70],{"class":69},[59,146797,74],{"class":73},[59,146799,78],{"class":77},[59,146801,187],{"class":81},[59,146803,78],{"class":77},[59,146805,87],{"class":73},[59,146807,90],{"class":77},[59,146809,195],{"class":81},[59,146811,78],{"class":77},[59,146813,87],{"class":73},[59,146815,90],{"class":77},[59,146817,950],{"class":81},[59,146819,78],{"class":77},[59,146821,107],{"class":73},[59,146823,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146825,40982],{"class":65},[59,146827,70],{"class":69},[59,146829,145850],{"class":135},[59,146831,139],{"class":73},[59,146833,2209],{"class":697},[59,146835,139],{"class":73},[59,146837,1260],{"class":142},[59,146839,3675],{"class":73},[59,146841,958],{"class":120},[59,146843,3894],{"class":142},[59,146845,132],{"class":120},[59,146847,3899],{"class":142},[59,146849,165],{"class":73},[59,146851,146852,146854,146856,146858],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,146853,715],{"class":135},[59,146855,139],{"class":73},[59,146857,41011],{"class":142},[59,146859,165],{"class":73},[20,146861,168],{},[50,146863,146864],{"className":52,"code":2673,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,146865,146866],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146867,146868],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146869,2673],{"class":178},[20,146871,146872],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1127,146874,146876],{"id":146875},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146878,4541],{},[50,146880,146882],{"className":52,"code":146881,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146883,146884,146912],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146885,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146887,3837],{"class":65},[59,146889,70],{"class":69},[59,146891,74],{"class":73},[59,146893,187],{"class":178},[59,146895,87],{"class":73},[59,146897,3009],{"class":178},[59,146899,87],{"class":73},[59,146901,90],{"class":77},[59,146903,950],{"class":81},[59,146905,78],{"class":77},[59,146907,87],{"class":73},[59,146909,2475],{"class":178},[59,146911,107],{"class":73},[59,146913,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146915,715],{"class":135},[59,146917,139],{"class":73},[59,146919,145920],{"class":135},[59,146921,139],{"class":73},[59,146923,5366],{"class":142},[59,146925,710],{"class":73},[20,146927,146928],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[50,146930,146932],{"className":52,"code":146931,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146933,146934,146962,146990],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,146935,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,146937,3837],{"class":65},[59,146939,70],{"class":69},[59,146941,74],{"class":73},[59,146943,187],{"class":178},[59,146945,87],{"class":73},[59,146947,3009],{"class":178},[59,146949,87],{"class":73},[59,146951,90],{"class":77},[59,146953,950],{"class":81},[59,146955,78],{"class":77},[59,146957,87],{"class":73},[59,146959,2475],{"class":178},[59,146961,107],{"class":73},[59,146963,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,146965,40982],{"class":65},[59,146967,70],{"class":69},[59,146969,145850],{"class":135},[59,146971,139],{"class":73},[59,146973,2209],{"class":697},[59,146975,139],{"class":73},[59,146977,1260],{"class":142},[59,146979,3675],{"class":73},[59,146981,958],{"class":120},[59,146983,3894],{"class":142},[59,146985,132],{"class":120},[59,146987,3899],{"class":142},[59,146989,165],{"class":73},[59,146991,146992,146994,146996,146998],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,146993,715],{"class":135},[59,146995,139],{"class":73},[59,146997,41011],{"class":142},[59,146999,165],{"class":73},[20,147001,168],{},[50,147003,147004],{"className":52,"code":2393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,147005,147006],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147007,147008],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147009,2393],{"class":178},[1127,147011,1599,147013,147015],{"id":147012},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147014,145797],{}," to join text",[20,147017,4541],{},[50,147019,147021],{"className":52,"code":147020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147022,147023,147079],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147026,425],{"class":65},[59,147028,70],{"class":69},[59,147030,74],{"class":73},[59,147032,78],{"class":77},[59,147034,133921],{"class":81},[59,147036,78],{"class":77},[59,147038,87],{"class":73},[59,147040,90],{"class":77},[59,147042,1269],{"class":81},[59,147044,78],{"class":77},[59,147046,87],{"class":73},[59,147048,90],{"class":77},[59,147050,63094],{"class":81},[59,147052,78],{"class":77},[59,147054,87],{"class":73},[59,147056,90],{"class":77},[59,147058,60245],{"class":81},[59,147060,78],{"class":77},[59,147062,87],{"class":73},[59,147064,90],{"class":77},[59,147066,60280],{"class":81},[59,147068,78],{"class":77},[59,147070,87],{"class":73},[59,147072,90],{"class":77},[59,147074,75838],{"class":81},[59,147076,78],{"class":77},[59,147078,107],{"class":73},[59,147080,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147082,715],{"class":135},[59,147084,139],{"class":73},[59,147086,145920],{"class":135},[59,147088,139],{"class":73},[59,147090,480],{"class":142},[59,147092,710],{"class":73},[20,147094,201,147095,60339],{},[15,147096,133245],{},[50,147098,147100],{"className":52,"code":147099,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147101,147102,147158],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147103,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147105,425],{"class":65},[59,147107,70],{"class":69},[59,147109,74],{"class":73},[59,147111,78],{"class":77},[59,147113,133921],{"class":81},[59,147115,78],{"class":77},[59,147117,87],{"class":73},[59,147119,90],{"class":77},[59,147121,1269],{"class":81},[59,147123,78],{"class":77},[59,147125,87],{"class":73},[59,147127,90],{"class":77},[59,147129,63094],{"class":81},[59,147131,78],{"class":77},[59,147133,87],{"class":73},[59,147135,90],{"class":77},[59,147137,60245],{"class":81},[59,147139,78],{"class":77},[59,147141,87],{"class":73},[59,147143,90],{"class":77},[59,147145,60280],{"class":81},[59,147147,78],{"class":77},[59,147149,87],{"class":73},[59,147151,90],{"class":77},[59,147153,75838],{"class":81},[59,147155,78],{"class":77},[59,147157,107],{"class":73},[59,147159,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147161,715],{"class":135},[59,147163,139],{"class":73},[59,147165,6278],{"class":77},[59,147167,358],{"class":73},[59,147169,133322],{"class":142},[59,147171,139],{"class":73},[59,147173,480],{"class":142},[59,147175,710],{"class":73},[20,147177,168],{},[50,147179,147180],{"className":52,"code":134002,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,147181,147182],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147183,147184],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147185,134002],{"class":65},[20,147187,147188,147189,358],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[354,147190,147191],{"href":135083},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[45,147193,147195,147197],{"id":147194},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147196,145797],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147199,147200,147202],{},[15,147201,145797],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1127,147204,1599,147206],{"id":147205},"using-sum",[15,147207,145797],{},[50,147209,147211],{"className":52,"code":147210,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147212,147213,147233,147247],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147214,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147216,664],{"class":65},[59,147218,70],{"class":69},[59,147220,74],{"class":73},[59,147222,2522],{"class":178},[59,147224,87],{"class":73},[59,147226,6000],{"class":178},[59,147228,87],{"class":73},[59,147230,53941],{"class":178},[59,147232,107],{"class":73},[59,147234,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147236,40982],{"class":65},[59,147238,70],{"class":69},[59,147240,145850],{"class":135},[59,147242,139],{"class":73},[59,147244,707],{"class":142},[59,147246,165],{"class":73},[59,147248,147249,147251,147253,147255],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,147250,715],{"class":135},[59,147252,139],{"class":73},[59,147254,41011],{"class":142},[59,147256,165],{"class":73},[1127,147258,147260],{"id":147259},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[50,147262,147264],{"className":52,"code":147263,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147265,147266,147286,147294,147298,147310,147318,147322],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147267,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147269,664],{"class":65},[59,147271,70],{"class":69},[59,147273,74],{"class":73},[59,147275,2522],{"class":178},[59,147277,87],{"class":73},[59,147279,6000],{"class":178},[59,147281,87],{"class":73},[59,147283,53941],{"class":178},[59,147285,107],{"class":73},[59,147287,147288,147290,147292],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147289,40982],{"class":65},[59,147291,70],{"class":69},[59,147293,38311],{"class":178},[59,147295,147296],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,147297,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,147299,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,147301,121],{"class":120},[59,147303,6393],{"class":65},[59,147305,132],{"class":120},[59,147307,4277],{"class":65},[59,147309,1561],{"class":73},[59,147311,147312,147314,147316],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,147313,89915],{"class":65},[59,147315,89918],{"class":69},[59,147317,89921],{"class":65},[59,147319,147320],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,147321,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,147323,147324,147326,147328,147330],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,147325,715],{"class":135},[59,147327,139],{"class":73},[59,147329,41011],{"class":142},[59,147331,165],{"class":73},[20,147333,147334],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147336,2506,147337,147339],{},[15,147338,145797],{}," is often better:",[29,147341,147342,147345,147348],{},[32,147343,147344],{},"Shorter code",[32,147346,147347],{},"Easier to read",[32,147349,147350],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147352,147353],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[29,147355,147356,147359,147362],{},[32,147357,147358],{},"You need to skip some values",[32,147360,147361],{},"You need extra checks",[32,147363,147364],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147366,147367,147368,147371,147372,147374],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[354,147369,147370],{"href":39807},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147373,145797],{}," on the filtered result.",[45,147376,1579],{"id":1578},[20,147378,147379,147380,1002],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147381,145797],{},[29,147383,147384,147390,147397,147404],{},[32,147385,147386,147387],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147388,147389],{},"sum(5)",[32,147391,147392,147393,147396],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147394,147395],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[32,147398,1599,147399,147401,147402],{},[15,147400,145797],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147403,133245],{},[32,147405,147406],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147408,8879,147409,147411],{},[15,147410,145797],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[50,147413,147415],{"className":52,"code":147414,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147416,147417,147427,147441,147465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147418,147419,147421,147423,147425],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147420,715],{"class":135},[59,147422,139],{"class":73},[59,147424,5366],{"class":142},[59,147426,165],{"class":73},[59,147428,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147430,715],{"class":135},[59,147432,139],{"class":73},[59,147434,3239],{"class":697},[59,147436,139],{"class":73},[59,147438,5366],{"class":142},[59,147440,710],{"class":73},[59,147442,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,147444,715],{"class":135},[59,147446,1629],{"class":73},[59,147448,3239],{"class":697},[59,147450,139],{"class":73},[59,147452,1260],{"class":142},[59,147454,3675],{"class":73},[59,147456,958],{"class":120},[59,147458,3894],{"class":142},[59,147460,132],{"class":120},[59,147462,3899],{"class":142},[59,147464,3902],{"class":73},[59,147466,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,147468,715],{"class":135},[59,147470,139],{"class":73},[59,147472,145920],{"class":135},[59,147474,1629],{"class":73},[59,147476,2209],{"class":697},[59,147478,139],{"class":73},[59,147480,1260],{"class":142},[59,147482,3675],{"class":73},[59,147484,958],{"class":120},[59,147486,3894],{"class":142},[59,147488,132],{"class":120},[59,147490,3899],{"class":142},[59,147492,1642],{"class":73},[20,147494,135816],{},[29,147496,147497,147503,147509,147514],{},[32,147498,147499,147502],{},[15,147500,147501],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[32,147504,147505,147508],{},[15,147506,147507],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[32,147510,147511,135838],{},[15,147512,147513],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[32,147515,147516,147519],{},[15,147517,147518],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[45,147521,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,147523,1872,147525,1875],{"id":147524},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147526,145797],{},[20,147528,147529],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1127,147531,1914,147533,147535],{"id":147532},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147534,145797],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147537,30258,147538,2896,147541,147544],{},[15,147539,147540],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147542,147543],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1127,147546,1914,147548,147550],{"id":147547},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147549,145797],{}," work with floats?",[20,147552,147553],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1127,147555,147557,147558,1905],{"id":147556},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147559,145797],{},[20,147561,147562,147563,147565],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147564,407],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1127,147567,5169,147569,119201,147571,1905],{"id":147568},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147570,145797],{},[15,147572,3021],{},[20,147574,147575],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[45,147577,1927],{"id":1926},[29,147579,147580,147584,147590,147596,147602,147606,147610],{},[32,147581,147582],{},[354,147583,146280],{"href":2436},[32,147585,147586],{},[354,147587,13,147588,536],{"href":532},[15,147589,535],{},[32,147591,147592],{},[354,147593,13,147594,536],{"href":42158},[15,147595,42161],{},[32,147597,147598],{},[354,147599,13,147600,536],{"href":41975},[15,147601,47486],{},[32,147603,147604],{},[354,147605,5231],{"href":39807},[32,147607,147608],{},[354,147609,3542],{"href":2979},[32,147611,147612],{},[354,147613,147191],{"href":135083},[1953,147615,147616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":147618},[147619,147620,147622,147623,147624,147626,147634,147640,147647,147653,147654,147666],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":145876,"depth":110,"text":147621},"What sum() does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":146054,"depth":110,"text":147625},"Using the start value",{"id":146156,"depth":110,"text":147627,"children":147628},"What sum() can work with",[147629,147630,147631,147633],{"id":40223,"depth":117,"text":40224},{"id":51850,"depth":117,"text":146222},{"id":146283,"depth":117,"text":147632},"Values from range()",{"id":146331,"depth":117,"text":146332},{"id":146405,"depth":110,"text":147635,"children":147636},"What sum() does not work with",[147637,147638,147639],{"id":146416,"depth":117,"text":146417},{"id":146533,"depth":117,"text":146534},{"id":146591,"depth":117,"text":146592},{"id":41303,"depth":110,"text":41304,"children":147641},[147642,147643,147644,147645],{"id":6530,"depth":117,"text":6531},{"id":146727,"depth":117,"text":146728},{"id":146875,"depth":117,"text":146876},{"id":147012,"depth":117,"text":147646},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147194,"depth":110,"text":147648,"children":147649},"sum() vs manual loop",[147650,147652],{"id":147205,"depth":117,"text":147651},"Using sum()",{"id":147259,"depth":117,"text":147260},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":147655},[147656,147658,147660,147662,147664],{"id":147524,"depth":117,"text":147657},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147532,"depth":117,"text":147659},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147547,"depth":117,"text":147661},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147556,"depth":117,"text":147663},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147568,"depth":117,"text":147665},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145789,"description":147667},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147674,"title":147675,"body":147676,"description":149078,"extension":1988,"meta":149079,"navigation":113,"path":149080,"seo":149081,"stem":149082,"__hash__":149083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147677,"toc":149046},[147678,147684,147690,147693,147756,147762,147767,147771,147788,147802,147806,147826,147840,147842,147935,147937,147951,147953,147956,148045,148047,148055,148064,148066,148070,148091,148093,148185,148187,148208,148210,148214,148228,148230,148304,148306,148325,148329,148332,148355,148357,148468,148475,148483,148485,148491,148494,148537,148540,148563,148571,148575,148650,148656,148681,148688,148691,148694,148698,148703,148791,148799,148803,148806,148831,148835,148896,148900,148949,148959,148961,148966,148969,148975,148978,148982,148986,148992,148995,149003,149011,149013,149043],[10,147679,147681,147682,11324],{"id":147680},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147683,57096],{},[20,147685,147686,147689],{},[15,147687,147688],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147691,147692],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[50,147694,147696],{"className":52,"code":147695,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147697,147698,147726,147744],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147699,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147701,664],{"class":65},[59,147703,70],{"class":69},[59,147705,747],{"class":73},[59,147707,187],{"class":178},[59,147709,87],{"class":73},[59,147711,3009],{"class":178},[59,147713,87],{"class":73},[59,147715,3009],{"class":178},[59,147717,87],{"class":73},[59,147719,2469],{"class":178},[59,147721,87],{"class":73},[59,147723,3009],{"class":178},[59,147725,165],{"class":73},[59,147727,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147729,692],{"class":65},[59,147731,70],{"class":69},[59,147733,4277],{"class":65},[59,147735,358],{"class":73},[59,147737,41059],{"class":142},[59,147739,139],{"class":73},[59,147741,195],{"class":178},[59,147743,165],{"class":73},[59,147745,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,147747,715],{"class":135},[59,147749,139],{"class":73},[59,147751,720],{"class":142},[59,147753,3675],{"class":73},[59,147755,50574],{"class":3678},[20,147757,201,147758,147761],{},[15,147759,147760],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[45,147763,208,147765,211],{"id":147764},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147766,147688],{},[20,147768,147769,1002],{},[15,147770,147760],{},[29,147772,147773,147779,147782,147785],{},[32,147774,147775,147776,147778],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147777,1217],{}," appears in the tuple",[32,147780,147781],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[32,147783,147784],{},"Returns an integer",[32,147786,147787],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147789,147790,147791,147793,147794,2896,147798,358],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147792,57096],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[354,147795,147797],{"href":147796},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[354,147799,147801],{"href":147800},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[45,147803,147805],{"id":147804},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[50,147807,147809],{"className":52,"code":147808,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147810,147811],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147812,147813,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147814,147815],{"class":65},"my_tuple",[59,147817,358],{"class":73},[59,147819,41059],{"class":142},[59,147821,139],{"class":73},[59,147823,1217],{"class":142},[59,147825,165],{"class":73},[29,147827,147828,147832,147835],{},[32,147829,147830,57261],{},[15,147831,1217],{},[32,147833,147834],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[32,147836,147837,147838],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147839,179],{},[1127,147841,102916],{"id":102915},[50,147843,147845],{"className":52,"code":147844,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147846,147847,147887,147911],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147848,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147850,66],{"class":65},[59,147852,70],{"class":69},[59,147854,747],{"class":73},[59,147856,78],{"class":77},[59,147858,82],{"class":81},[59,147860,78],{"class":77},[59,147862,87],{"class":73},[59,147864,90],{"class":77},[59,147866,102],{"class":81},[59,147868,78],{"class":77},[59,147870,87],{"class":73},[59,147872,90],{"class":77},[59,147874,82],{"class":81},[59,147876,78],{"class":77},[59,147878,87],{"class":73},[59,147880,90],{"class":77},[59,147882,93],{"class":81},[59,147884,78],{"class":77},[59,147886,165],{"class":73},[59,147888,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,147890,715],{"class":135},[59,147892,139],{"class":73},[59,147894,143],{"class":142},[59,147896,358],{"class":73},[59,147898,41059],{"class":142},[59,147900,139],{"class":73},[59,147902,78],{"class":77},[59,147904,82],{"class":81},[59,147906,78],{"class":77},[59,147908,5369],{"class":73},[59,147910,57451],{"class":3678},[59,147912,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,147914,715],{"class":135},[59,147916,139],{"class":73},[59,147918,143],{"class":142},[59,147920,358],{"class":73},[59,147922,41059],{"class":142},[59,147924,139],{"class":73},[59,147926,78],{"class":77},[59,147928,22519],{"class":81},[59,147930,78],{"class":77},[59,147932,5369],{"class":73},[59,147934,51051],{"class":3678},[20,147936,19956],{},[29,147938,147939,147944],{},[32,147940,147941,147943],{},[15,147942,65200],{}," appears 2 times",[32,147945,147946,147948,147949],{},[15,147947,109612],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147950,179],{},[45,147952,11478],{"id":11477},[20,147954,147955],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[50,147957,147959],{"className":52,"code":147958,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147960,147961,148009,148013,148035],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,147962,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,147964,579],{"class":65},[59,147966,70],{"class":69},[59,147968,747],{"class":73},[59,147970,78],{"class":77},[59,147972,588],{"class":81},[59,147974,78],{"class":77},[59,147976,87],{"class":73},[59,147978,90],{"class":77},[59,147980,597],{"class":81},[59,147982,78],{"class":77},[59,147984,87],{"class":73},[59,147986,90],{"class":77},[59,147988,588],{"class":81},[59,147990,78],{"class":77},[59,147992,87],{"class":73},[59,147994,90],{"class":77},[59,147996,606],{"class":81},[59,147998,78],{"class":77},[59,148000,87],{"class":73},[59,148002,90],{"class":77},[59,148004,588],{"class":81},[59,148006,78],{"class":77},[59,148008,165],{"class":73},[59,148010,148011],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148012,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148014,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148016,692],{"class":65},[59,148018,70],{"class":69},[59,148020,52656],{"class":65},[59,148022,358],{"class":73},[59,148024,41059],{"class":142},[59,148026,139],{"class":73},[59,148028,78],{"class":77},[59,148030,588],{"class":81},[59,148032,78],{"class":77},[59,148034,165],{"class":73},[59,148036,148037,148039,148041,148043],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148038,715],{"class":135},[59,148040,139],{"class":73},[59,148042,720],{"class":142},[59,148044,165],{"class":73},[20,148046,168],{},[50,148048,148049],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,148050,148051],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148052,148053],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148054,46419],{"class":178},[20,148056,148057,148059,148060,2414,148062,358],{},[15,148058,57639],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148061,57096],{},[15,148063,950],{},[45,148065,37818],{"id":37817},[20,148067,57350,148068,128551],{},[15,148069,57096],{},[29,148071,148072,148077,148082,148085],{},[32,148073,11426,148074,148076],{},[15,148075,179],{}," when the value does not exist",[32,148078,11426,148079,148081],{},[15,148080,187],{}," when the value appears once",[32,148083,148084],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[32,148086,148087,148088,148090],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148089,7004],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148092,239],{},[50,148094,148096],{"className":52,"code":148095,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148097,148098,148139,148143,148170],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148099,148100,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148101,148102],{"class":65},"answers ",[59,148104,70],{"class":69},[59,148106,747],{"class":73},[59,148108,78],{"class":77},[59,148110,8662],{"class":81},[59,148112,78],{"class":77},[59,148114,87],{"class":73},[59,148116,90],{"class":77},[59,148118,8601],{"class":81},[59,148120,78],{"class":77},[59,148122,87],{"class":73},[59,148124,90],{"class":77},[59,148126,8662],{"class":81},[59,148128,78],{"class":77},[59,148130,87],{"class":73},[59,148132,90],{"class":77},[59,148134,8662],{"class":81},[59,148136,78],{"class":77},[59,148138,165],{"class":73},[59,148140,148141],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148142,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148144,148145,148147,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148146,7004],{"class":120},[59,148148,148149],{"class":65}," answers",[59,148151,358],{"class":73},[59,148153,41059],{"class":142},[59,148155,139],{"class":73},[59,148157,78],{"class":77},[59,148159,8662],{"class":81},[59,148161,78],{"class":77},[59,148163,3675],{"class":73},[59,148165,38194],{"class":69},[59,148167,5506],{"class":178},[59,148169,1561],{"class":73},[59,148171,148172,148174,148176,148178,148181,148183],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148173,152],{"class":135},[59,148175,139],{"class":73},[59,148177,78],{"class":77},[59,148179,148180],{"class":81},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[59,148182,78],{"class":77},[59,148184,165],{"class":73},[20,148186,168],{},[50,148188,148190],{"className":52,"code":148189,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148191,148192],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148193,148194,148197,148199,148201,148203,148206],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148195,148196],{"class":65},"The answer ",[59,148198,1725],{"class":77},[59,148200,8662],{"class":81},[59,148202,1725],{"class":77},[59,148204,148205],{"class":65}," appears more than once",[59,148207,122195],{"class":73},[45,148209,40845],{"id":40844},[20,148211,35394,148212,104379],{},[15,148213,147688],{},[29,148215,148216,148219,148222,148225],{},[32,148217,148218],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[32,148220,148221],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[32,148223,148224],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[32,148226,148227],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148229,239],{},[50,148231,148233],{"className":52,"code":148232,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148234,148235,148263,148267,148289],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148236,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148238,5077],{"class":65},[59,148240,70],{"class":69},[59,148242,747],{"class":73},[59,148244,671],{"class":178},[59,148246,87],{"class":73},[59,148248,676],{"class":178},[59,148250,87],{"class":73},[59,148252,741],{"class":178},[59,148254,87],{"class":73},[59,148256,681],{"class":178},[59,148258,87],{"class":73},[59,148260,741],{"class":178},[59,148262,165],{"class":73},[59,148264,148265],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148266,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148268,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148270,7004],{"class":120},[59,148272,5124],{"class":65},[59,148274,358],{"class":73},[59,148276,41059],{"class":142},[59,148278,139],{"class":73},[59,148280,671],{"class":178},[59,148282,3675],{"class":73},[59,148284,51092],{"class":69},[59,148286,3009],{"class":178},[59,148288,1561],{"class":73},[59,148290,148291,148293,148295,148297,148300,148302],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148292,152],{"class":135},[59,148294,139],{"class":73},[59,148296,78],{"class":77},[59,148298,148299],{"class":81},"The score 10 is repeated.",[59,148301,78],{"class":77},[59,148303,165],{"class":73},[20,148305,168],{},[50,148307,148309],{"className":52,"code":148308,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148310,148311],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148312,148313,148316,148318,148320,148323],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148314,148315],{"class":65},"The score ",[59,148317,671],{"class":178},[59,148319,8101],{"class":69},[59,148321,148322],{"class":65}," repeated",[59,148324,122195],{"class":73},[45,148326,148328],{"id":148327},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148330,148331],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[29,148333,148334,148340,148345,148348],{},[32,148335,148336,148337,148339],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148338,57096],{}," still works because it only reads data",[32,148341,148342,148344],{},[15,148343,57096],{}," counts exact matches",[32,148346,148347],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[32,148349,148350,4408,148352,148354],{},[15,148351,187],{},[15,148353,41958],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148356,239],{},[50,148358,148360],{"className":52,"code":148359,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148361,148362,148396,148400,148420,148444],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148363,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148377,148379,148381,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148365,3837],{"class":65},[59,148367,70],{"class":69},[59,148369,747],{"class":73},[59,148371,187],{"class":178},[59,148373,87],{"class":73},[59,148375,148376],{"class":178}," 1.0",[59,148378,87],{"class":73},[59,148380,90],{"class":77},[59,148382,148383],{"class":81},"Cat",[59,148385,78],{"class":77},[59,148387,87],{"class":73},[59,148389,90],{"class":77},[59,148391,1439],{"class":81},[59,148393,78],{"class":77},[59,148395,165],{"class":73},[59,148397,148398],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148399,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148401,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148403,715],{"class":135},[59,148405,139],{"class":73},[59,148407,5366],{"class":142},[59,148409,358],{"class":73},[59,148411,41059],{"class":142},[59,148413,139],{"class":73},[59,148415,187],{"class":178},[59,148417,5369],{"class":73},[59,148419,50898],{"class":3678},[59,148421,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148423,715],{"class":135},[59,148425,139],{"class":73},[59,148427,5366],{"class":142},[59,148429,358],{"class":73},[59,148431,41059],{"class":142},[59,148433,139],{"class":73},[59,148435,78],{"class":77},[59,148437,148383],{"class":81},[59,148439,78],{"class":77},[59,148441,5369],{"class":73},[59,148443,27770],{"class":3678},[59,148445,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,148447,715],{"class":135},[59,148449,139],{"class":73},[59,148451,5366],{"class":142},[59,148453,358],{"class":73},[59,148455,41059],{"class":142},[59,148457,139],{"class":73},[59,148459,78],{"class":77},[59,148461,1439],{"class":81},[59,148463,78],{"class":77},[59,148465,5369],{"class":73},[59,148467,27770],{"class":3678},[20,148469,5169,148470,5172,148473,1905],{},[15,148471,148472],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148474,195],{},[20,148476,8789,148477,1205,148480,148482],{},[15,148478,148479],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148481,3619],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[45,148484,1579],{"id":1578},[1127,148486,1599,148488,148490],{"id":148487},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148489,41059],{}," without parentheses",[20,148492,148493],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[50,148495,148497],{"className":52,"code":148496,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148498,148499,148523],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148500,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148502,664],{"class":65},[59,148504,70],{"class":69},[59,148506,747],{"class":73},[59,148508,187],{"class":178},[59,148510,87],{"class":73},[59,148512,3009],{"class":178},[59,148514,87],{"class":73},[59,148516,3009],{"class":178},[59,148518,87],{"class":73},[59,148520,2469],{"class":178},[59,148522,165],{"class":73},[59,148524,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148526,715],{"class":135},[59,148528,139],{"class":73},[59,148530,707],{"class":142},[59,148532,358],{"class":73},[59,148534,41059],{"class":929},[59,148536,165],{"class":73},[20,148538,148539],{},"To call the method correctly:",[50,148541,148543],{"className":52,"code":148542,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148544,148545],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148546,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148548,715],{"class":135},[59,148550,139],{"class":73},[59,148552,707],{"class":142},[59,148554,358],{"class":73},[59,148556,41059],{"class":142},[59,148558,139],{"class":73},[59,148560,195],{"class":178},[59,148562,710],{"class":73},[1127,148564,8456,148565,8459,148567,2896,148569],{"id":58399},[15,148566,57096],{},[15,148568,3619],{},[15,148570,3689],{},[20,148572,148573,58410],{},[15,148574,57096],{},[50,148576,148578],{"className":52,"code":148577,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148579,148580,148612,148634,148638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148581,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148583,425],{"class":65},[59,148585,70],{"class":69},[59,148587,747],{"class":73},[59,148589,78],{"class":77},[59,148591,354],{"class":81},[59,148593,78],{"class":77},[59,148595,87],{"class":73},[59,148597,90],{"class":77},[59,148599,442],{"class":81},[59,148601,78],{"class":77},[59,148603,87],{"class":73},[59,148605,90],{"class":77},[59,148607,354],{"class":81},[59,148609,78],{"class":77},[59,148611,165],{"class":73},[59,148613,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148615,692],{"class":65},[59,148617,70],{"class":69},[59,148619,69904],{"class":65},[59,148621,358],{"class":73},[59,148623,41059],{"class":142},[59,148625,139],{"class":73},[59,148627,78],{"class":77},[59,148629,354],{"class":81},[59,148631,78],{"class":77},[59,148633,165],{"class":73},[59,148635,148636],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148637,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148639,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148641,715],{"class":135},[59,148643,139],{"class":73},[59,148645,720],{"class":142},[59,148647,3675],{"class":73},[59,148649,51219],{"class":3678},[20,148651,148652,148653,148655],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148654,132],{}," is often simpler:",[50,148657,148659],{"className":52,"code":148658,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148660,148661],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148662,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148664,715],{"class":135},[59,148666,139],{"class":73},[59,148668,78],{"class":77},[59,148670,354],{"class":81},[59,148672,78],{"class":77},[59,148674,21173],{"class":120},[59,148676,69904],{"class":142},[59,148678,3675],{"class":73},[59,148680,3679],{"class":3678},[1127,148682,1605,148684,1608,148686],{"id":148683},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148685,147688],{},[15,148687,57101],{},[20,148689,148690],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148692,148693],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1127,148695,148697],{"id":148696},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148699,148700,148702],{},[15,148701,57096],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[50,148704,148706],{"className":52,"code":148705,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148707,148708,148741,148767],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148709,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148711,4085],{"class":65},[59,148713,70],{"class":69},[59,148715,747],{"class":73},[59,148717,78],{"class":77},[59,148719,588],{"class":81},[59,148721,78],{"class":77},[59,148723,87],{"class":73},[59,148725,90],{"class":77},[59,148727,148728],{"class":81},"pineapple",[59,148730,78],{"class":77},[59,148732,87],{"class":73},[59,148734,90],{"class":77},[59,148736,588],{"class":81},[59,148738,78],{"class":77},[59,148740,165],{"class":73},[59,148742,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148760,148762,148764],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148744,715],{"class":135},[59,148746,139],{"class":73},[59,148748,4127],{"class":142},[59,148750,358],{"class":73},[59,148752,41059],{"class":142},[59,148754,139],{"class":73},[59,148756,78],{"class":77},[59,148758,148759],{"class":81},"app",[59,148761,78],{"class":77},[59,148763,5369],{"class":73},[59,148765,148766],{"class":3678},"    # 0\n",[59,148768,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148770,715],{"class":135},[59,148772,139],{"class":73},[59,148774,4127],{"class":142},[59,148776,358],{"class":73},[59,148778,41059],{"class":142},[59,148780,139],{"class":73},[59,148782,78],{"class":77},[59,148784,588],{"class":81},[59,148786,78],{"class":77},[59,148788,5369],{"class":73},[59,148790,51219],{"class":3678},[20,148792,148793,148796,148797,358],{},[15,148794,148795],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148798,179],{},[45,148800,148802],{"id":148801},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148804,148805],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[29,148807,148808,148813,148822,148828],{},[32,148809,201,148810,148812],{},[15,148811,132],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[32,148814,201,148815,148821],{},[354,148816,148818,148819],{"href":148817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148820,58774],{}," to find the position of a value",[32,148823,201,148824,148827],{},[15,148825,148826],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[32,148829,148830],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148832,45842,148833,1002],{},[15,148834,132],{},[50,148836,148838],{"className":52,"code":148837,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148839,148840,148860,148864,148880],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148841,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148843,664],{"class":65},[59,148845,70],{"class":69},[59,148847,747],{"class":73},[59,148849,2522],{"class":178},[59,148851,87],{"class":73},[59,148853,6000],{"class":178},[59,148855,87],{"class":73},[59,148857,53941],{"class":178},[59,148859,165],{"class":73},[59,148861,148862],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148863,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,148865,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,148867,715],{"class":135},[59,148869,139],{"class":73},[59,148871,2050],{"class":178},[59,148873,21173],{"class":120},[59,148875,4277],{"class":142},[59,148877,3675],{"class":73},[59,148879,43656],{"class":3678},[59,148881,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,148883,715],{"class":135},[59,148885,139],{"class":73},[59,148887,2159],{"class":178},[59,148889,21173],{"class":120},[59,148891,4277],{"class":142},[59,148893,3675],{"class":73},[59,148895,43673],{"class":3678},[20,148897,45842,148898,1002],{},[15,148899,58774],{},[50,148901,148903],{"className":52,"code":148902,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148904,148905,148929],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,148908,664],{"class":65},[59,148910,70],{"class":69},[59,148912,747],{"class":73},[59,148914,2522],{"class":178},[59,148916,87],{"class":73},[59,148918,6000],{"class":178},[59,148920,87],{"class":73},[59,148922,53941],{"class":178},[59,148924,87],{"class":73},[59,148926,6000],{"class":178},[59,148928,165],{"class":73},[59,148930,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,148932,715],{"class":135},[59,148934,139],{"class":73},[59,148936,707],{"class":142},[59,148938,358],{"class":73},[59,148940,157],{"class":142},[59,148942,139],{"class":73},[59,148944,2050],{"class":178},[59,148946,5369],{"class":73},[59,148948,27770],{"class":3678},[20,148950,148951,148953,148954,148956,148958],{},[15,148952,57096],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9846,148955],{},[15,148957,58774],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[45,148960,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,148962,1872,148964,1875],{"id":148963},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148965,147688],{},[20,148967,148968],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1127,148970,1882,148972,148974],{"id":148971},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148973,147688],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148976,148977],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1127,148979,148981],{"id":148980},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148983,11913,148984,358],{},[15,148985,179],{},[1127,148987,1914,148989,148991],{"id":148988},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148990,147688],{}," count strings?",[20,148993,148994],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1127,148996,5190,148998,4408,149000,1905],{"id":148997},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148999,147688],{},[15,149001,149002],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149004,149005,149007,149008,149010],{},[15,149006,57096],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149009,58774],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[45,149012,1927],{"id":1926},[29,149014,149015,149019,149024,149031,149039],{},[32,149016,149017],{},[354,149018,147797],{"href":147796},[32,149020,149021],{},[354,149022,149023],{"href":147800},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[32,149025,149026],{},[354,149027,149028,149029,10742],{"href":148817},"Python tuple ",[15,149030,58774],{},[32,149032,149033],{},[354,149034,149036,149037],{"href":149035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149038,42161],{},[32,149040,149041],{},[354,149042,58762],{"href":58761},[1953,149044,149045],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":149047},[149048,149050,149053,149054,149055,149056,149057,149065,149066,149077],{"id":147764,"depth":110,"text":149049},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147804,"depth":110,"text":147805,"children":149051},[149052],{"id":102915,"depth":117,"text":102916},{"id":11477,"depth":110,"text":11478},{"id":37817,"depth":110,"text":37818},{"id":40844,"depth":110,"text":40845},{"id":148327,"depth":110,"text":148328},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":149058},[149059,149061,149062,149064],{"id":148487,"depth":117,"text":149060},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58399,"depth":117,"text":58815},{"id":148683,"depth":117,"text":149063},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148696,"depth":117,"text":148697},{"id":148801,"depth":110,"text":148802},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":149067},[149068,149070,149072,149073,149075],{"id":148963,"depth":117,"text":149069},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148971,"depth":117,"text":149071},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148980,"depth":117,"text":148981},{"id":148988,"depth":117,"text":149074},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148997,"depth":117,"text":149076},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147675,"description":149078},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149085,"title":149086,"body":149087,"description":150774,"extension":1988,"meta":150775,"navigation":113,"path":150776,"seo":150777,"stem":150778,"__hash__":150779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149088,"toc":150737},[149089,149092,149095,149104,149106,149236,149238,149299,149305,149307,149327,149331,149334,149337,149372,149374,149395,149398,149437,149439,149464,149471,149475,149478,149515,149517,149540,149543,149546,149558,149564,149568,149571,149577,149618,149620,149643,149646,149687,149689,149716,149718,149735,149737,149754,149757,149761,149764,149766,149800,149802,149849,149853,149892,149896,149899,149956,149958,149999,150005,150011,150016,150018,150055,150057,150077,150079,150112,150114,150147,150150,150154,150187,150189,150214,150217,150219,150233,150240,150242,150245,150249,150252,150287,150290,150325,150329,150332,150371,150374,150413,150417,150419,150449,150452,150459,150461,150493,150496,150528,150531,150562,150564,150581,150585,150588,150652,150654,150658,150665,150669,150672,150676,150679,150683,150686,150691,150697,150699,150734],[10,149090,149086],{"id":149091},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149093,149094],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149096,149097,149098,2896,149102,358],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[354,149099,149101],{"href":149100},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[354,149103,147797],{"href":147796},[45,149105,48],{"id":47},[50,149107,149109],{"className":52,"code":149108,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149110,149111,149131,149140,149154,149190,149194,149204,149214,149225],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149112,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149114,664],{"class":65},[59,149116,70],{"class":69},[59,149118,747],{"class":73},[59,149120,187],{"class":178},[59,149122,87],{"class":73},[59,149124,3009],{"class":178},[59,149126,87],{"class":73},[59,149128,2469],{"class":178},[59,149130,165],{"class":73},[59,149132,149133,149135,149137],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149134,124661],{"class":65},[59,149136,70],{"class":69},[59,149138,149139],{"class":73}," ()\n",[59,149141,149142,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,149143,149144],{"class":65},"one_item ",[59,149146,70],{"class":69},[59,149148,747],{"class":73},[59,149150,2159],{"class":178},[59,149152,149153],{"class":73},",)\n",[59,149155,149156,149159,149161,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,149157,149158],{"class":65},"from_list ",[59,149160,70],{"class":69},[59,149162,149163],{"class":697}," tuple",[59,149165,1629],{"class":73},[59,149167,78],{"class":77},[59,149169,354],{"class":81},[59,149171,78],{"class":77},[59,149173,87],{"class":73},[59,149175,90],{"class":77},[59,149177,442],{"class":81},[59,149179,78],{"class":77},[59,149181,87],{"class":73},[59,149183,90],{"class":77},[59,149185,451],{"class":81},[59,149187,78],{"class":77},[59,149189,3902],{"class":73},[59,149191,149192],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,149193,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,149197,715],{"class":135},[59,149199,139],{"class":73},[59,149201,707],{"class":142},[59,149203,165],{"class":73},[59,149205,149206,149208,149210,149212],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,149207,715],{"class":135},[59,149209,139],{"class":73},[59,149211,124712],{"class":142},[59,149213,165],{"class":73},[59,149215,149216,149218,149220,149223],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,149217,715],{"class":135},[59,149219,139],{"class":73},[59,149221,149222],{"class":142},"one_item",[59,149224,165],{"class":73},[59,149226,149227,149229,149231,149234],{"class":61,"line":6438},[59,149228,715],{"class":135},[59,149230,139],{"class":73},[59,149232,149233],{"class":142},"from_list",[59,149235,165],{"class":73},[20,149237,168],{},[50,149239,149241],{"className":52,"code":149240,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149242,149243,149259,149263,149271],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149244,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149246,139],{"class":73},[59,149248,187],{"class":178},[59,149250,87],{"class":73},[59,149252,3009],{"class":178},[59,149254,87],{"class":73},[59,149256,2469],{"class":178},[59,149258,165],{"class":73},[59,149260,149261],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149262,8647],{"class":73},[59,149264,149265,149267,149269],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,149266,139],{"class":73},[59,149268,2159],{"class":178},[59,149270,149153],{"class":73},[59,149272,149273,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,149274,139],{"class":73},[59,149276,1725],{"class":77},[59,149278,354],{"class":81},[59,149280,1725],{"class":77},[59,149282,87],{"class":73},[59,149284,1734],{"class":77},[59,149286,442],{"class":81},[59,149288,1725],{"class":77},[59,149290,87],{"class":73},[59,149292,1734],{"class":77},[59,149294,451],{"class":81},[59,149296,1725],{"class":77},[59,149298,165],{"class":73},[20,149300,149301,149302,358],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149303,149304],{},"(5,)",[45,149306,15163],{"id":15162},[29,149308,149309,149312,149315,149318,149321,149324],{},[32,149310,149311],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[32,149313,149314],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[32,149316,149317],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[32,149319,149320],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[32,149322,149323],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[32,149325,149326],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[45,149328,149330],{"id":149329},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149332,149333],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149335,149336],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[50,149338,149340],{"className":52,"code":149339,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149341,149342,149362],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149343,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149345,664],{"class":65},[59,149347,70],{"class":69},[59,149349,747],{"class":73},[59,149351,187],{"class":178},[59,149353,87],{"class":73},[59,149355,3009],{"class":178},[59,149357,87],{"class":73},[59,149359,2469],{"class":178},[59,149361,165],{"class":73},[59,149363,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149365,715],{"class":135},[59,149367,139],{"class":73},[59,149369,707],{"class":142},[59,149371,165],{"class":73},[20,149373,168],{},[50,149375,149377],{"className":52,"code":149376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149378,149379],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149380,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149382,139],{"class":73},[59,149384,187],{"class":178},[59,149386,87],{"class":73},[59,149388,3009],{"class":178},[59,149390,87],{"class":73},[59,149392,2469],{"class":178},[59,149394,165],{"class":73},[20,149396,149397],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[50,149399,149401],{"className":52,"code":149400,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149402,149403,149427],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149404,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149406,9170],{"class":65},[59,149408,70],{"class":69},[59,149410,747],{"class":73},[59,149412,187],{"class":178},[59,149414,87],{"class":73},[59,149416,90],{"class":77},[59,149418,588],{"class":81},[59,149420,78],{"class":77},[59,149422,87],{"class":73},[59,149424,3930],{"class":3867},[59,149426,165],{"class":73},[59,149428,149429,149431,149433,149435],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149430,715],{"class":135},[59,149432,139],{"class":73},[59,149434,9208],{"class":142},[59,149436,165],{"class":73},[20,149438,168],{},[50,149440,149442],{"className":52,"code":149441,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149443,149444],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149445,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149447,139],{"class":73},[59,149449,187],{"class":178},[59,149451,87],{"class":73},[59,149453,1734],{"class":77},[59,149455,588],{"class":81},[59,149457,1725],{"class":77},[59,149459,87],{"class":73},[59,149461,3930],{"class":3867},[59,149463,165],{"class":73},[20,149465,149466,149467,358],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[354,149468,149470],{"href":149469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[45,149472,149474],{"id":149473},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149476,149477],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[50,149479,149481],{"className":52,"code":149480,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149482,149483,149491,149501],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149484,149485,149487,149489],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149486,124661],{"class":65},[59,149488,70],{"class":69},[59,149490,149139],{"class":73},[59,149492,149493,149495,149497,149499],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149494,715],{"class":135},[59,149496,139],{"class":73},[59,149498,124712],{"class":142},[59,149500,165],{"class":73},[59,149502,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511,149513],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,149504,715],{"class":135},[59,149506,139],{"class":73},[59,149508,3239],{"class":697},[59,149510,139],{"class":73},[59,149512,124712],{"class":142},[59,149514,710],{"class":73},[20,149516,168],{},[50,149518,149520],{"className":52,"code":149519,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149521,149522,149526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149523,149524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149525,8647],{"class":73},[59,149527,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149529,1769],{"class":69},[59,149531,3310],{"class":887},[59,149533,1734],{"class":77},[59,149535,48756],{"class":81},[59,149537,1725],{"class":77},[59,149539,1788],{"class":69},[20,149541,149542],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149544,149545],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[29,149547,149548,149553],{},[32,149549,149550,149551],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149552,7373],{},[32,149554,149555,149556],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149557,3801],{},[20,149559,149560,149561,358],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[354,149562,149563],{"href":56959},"Python list: creating a list",[45,149565,149567],{"id":149566},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149569,149570],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149572,149573,149574,149576],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[549,149575,4647],{}," automatically a tuple:",[50,149578,149580],{"className":52,"code":149579,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149581,149582,149594,149604],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149583,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149585,2464],{"class":65},[59,149587,70],{"class":69},[59,149589,747],{"class":73},[59,149591,2159],{"class":178},[59,149593,165],{"class":73},[59,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149597,715],{"class":135},[59,149599,139],{"class":73},[59,149601,1217],{"class":142},[59,149603,165],{"class":73},[59,149605,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,149607,715],{"class":135},[59,149609,139],{"class":73},[59,149611,3239],{"class":697},[59,149613,139],{"class":73},[59,149615,1217],{"class":142},[59,149617,710],{"class":73},[20,149619,168],{},[50,149621,149623],{"className":52,"code":149622,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149624,149625,149629],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149626,149627],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149628,2964],{"class":178},[59,149630,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149632,1769],{"class":69},[59,149634,3310],{"class":887},[59,149636,1734],{"class":77},[59,149638,2209],{"class":81},[59,149640,1725],{"class":77},[59,149642,1788],{"class":69},[20,149644,149645],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[50,149647,149649],{"className":52,"code":149648,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149650,149651,149663,149673],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149654,149144],{"class":65},[59,149656,70],{"class":69},[59,149658,747],{"class":73},[59,149660,2159],{"class":178},[59,149662,149153],{"class":73},[59,149664,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149666,715],{"class":135},[59,149668,139],{"class":73},[59,149670,149222],{"class":142},[59,149672,165],{"class":73},[59,149674,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,149676,715],{"class":135},[59,149678,139],{"class":73},[59,149680,3239],{"class":697},[59,149682,139],{"class":73},[59,149684,149222],{"class":142},[59,149686,710],{"class":73},[20,149688,168],{},[50,149690,149692],{"className":52,"code":149691,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149693,149694,149702],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149695,149696,149698,149700],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149697,139],{"class":73},[59,149699,2159],{"class":178},[59,149701,149153],{"class":73},[59,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149705,1769],{"class":69},[59,149707,3310],{"class":887},[59,149709,1734],{"class":77},[59,149711,48756],{"class":81},[59,149713,1725],{"class":77},[59,149715,1788],{"class":69},[20,149717,16656],{},[50,149719,149721],{"className":52,"code":149720,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149722,149723],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149724,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149726,139],{"class":73},[59,149728,78],{"class":77},[59,149730,588],{"class":81},[59,149732,78],{"class":77},[59,149734,149153],{"class":73},[20,149736,16644],{},[50,149738,149740],{"className":52,"code":149739,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149741,149742],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149745,139],{"class":73},[59,149747,78],{"class":77},[59,149749,588],{"class":81},[59,149751,78],{"class":77},[59,149753,165],{"class":73},[20,149755,149756],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[45,149758,149760],{"id":149759},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149762,149763],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1127,149765,56267],{"id":707},[50,149767,149768],{"className":52,"code":149339,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,149769,149770,149790],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149771,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149773,664],{"class":65},[59,149775,70],{"class":69},[59,149777,747],{"class":73},[59,149779,187],{"class":178},[59,149781,87],{"class":73},[59,149783,3009],{"class":178},[59,149785,87],{"class":73},[59,149787,2469],{"class":178},[59,149789,165],{"class":73},[59,149791,149792,149794,149796,149798],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149793,715],{"class":135},[59,149795,139],{"class":73},[59,149797,707],{"class":142},[59,149799,165],{"class":73},[1127,149801,56270],{"id":230},[50,149803,149805],{"className":52,"code":149804,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149806,149807,149839],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149808,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149810,66],{"class":65},[59,149812,70],{"class":69},[59,149814,747],{"class":73},[59,149816,78],{"class":77},[59,149818,82],{"class":81},[59,149820,78],{"class":77},[59,149822,87],{"class":73},[59,149824,90],{"class":77},[59,149826,93],{"class":81},[59,149828,78],{"class":77},[59,149830,87],{"class":73},[59,149832,90],{"class":77},[59,149834,102],{"class":81},[59,149836,78],{"class":77},[59,149838,165],{"class":73},[59,149840,149841,149843,149845,149847],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149842,715],{"class":135},[59,149844,139],{"class":73},[59,149846,143],{"class":142},[59,149848,165],{"class":73},[1127,149850,149852],{"id":149851},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[50,149854,149856],{"className":52,"code":149855,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149857,149858,149882],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149859,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149861,59279],{"class":65},[59,149863,70],{"class":69},[59,149865,747],{"class":73},[59,149867,187],{"class":178},[59,149869,87],{"class":73},[59,149871,90],{"class":77},[59,149873,588],{"class":81},[59,149875,78],{"class":77},[59,149877,87],{"class":73},[59,149879,3930],{"class":3867},[59,149881,165],{"class":73},[59,149883,149884,149886,149888,149890],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149885,715],{"class":135},[59,149887,139],{"class":73},[59,149889,59332],{"class":142},[59,149891,165],{"class":73},[1127,149893,149895],{"id":149894},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149897,149898],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[50,149900,149902],{"className":52,"code":149901,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149903,149904,149945],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149905,149906,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149907,149908],{"class":65},"nested ",[59,149910,70],{"class":69},[59,149912,747],{"class":73},[59,149914,187],{"class":178},[59,149916,87],{"class":73},[59,149918,747],{"class":73},[59,149920,78],{"class":77},[59,149922,354],{"class":81},[59,149924,78],{"class":77},[59,149926,87],{"class":73},[59,149928,90],{"class":77},[59,149930,442],{"class":81},[59,149932,78],{"class":77},[59,149934,744],{"class":73},[59,149936,74],{"class":73},[59,149938,671],{"class":178},[59,149940,87],{"class":73},[59,149942,676],{"class":178},[59,149944,3902],{"class":73},[59,149946,149947,149949,149951,149954],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,149948,715],{"class":135},[59,149950,139],{"class":73},[59,149952,149953],{"class":142},"nested",[59,149955,165],{"class":73},[20,149957,168],{},[50,149959,149961],{"className":52,"code":149960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149962,149963],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,149964,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,149966,139],{"class":73},[59,149968,187],{"class":178},[59,149970,87],{"class":73},[59,149972,747],{"class":73},[59,149974,1725],{"class":77},[59,149976,354],{"class":81},[59,149978,1725],{"class":77},[59,149980,87],{"class":73},[59,149982,1734],{"class":77},[59,149984,442],{"class":81},[59,149986,1725],{"class":77},[59,149988,744],{"class":73},[59,149990,74],{"class":73},[59,149992,671],{"class":178},[59,149994,87],{"class":73},[59,149996,676],{"class":178},[59,149998,3902],{"class":73},[45,150000,150002,150003],{"id":150001},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150004,37844],{},[20,150006,150007,150008,150010],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150009,37844],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150012,150013,150014,358],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[354,150015,63025],{"href":63024},[1127,150017,105056],{"id":105055},[50,150019,150021],{"className":52,"code":150020,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150022,150023,150045],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150024,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150026,664],{"class":65},[59,150028,70],{"class":69},[59,150030,149163],{"class":697},[59,150032,1629],{"class":73},[59,150034,187],{"class":178},[59,150036,87],{"class":73},[59,150038,3009],{"class":178},[59,150040,87],{"class":73},[59,150042,2469],{"class":178},[59,150044,3902],{"class":73},[59,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150048,715],{"class":135},[59,150050,139],{"class":73},[59,150052,707],{"class":142},[59,150054,165],{"class":73},[20,150056,168],{},[50,150058,150059],{"className":52,"code":149376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,150060,150061],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150062,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150064,139],{"class":73},[59,150066,187],{"class":178},[59,150068,87],{"class":73},[59,150070,3009],{"class":178},[59,150072,87],{"class":73},[59,150074,2469],{"class":178},[59,150076,165],{"class":73},[1127,150078,105242],{"id":105241},[50,150080,150082],{"className":52,"code":150081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150083,150084,150102],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150085,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150087,425],{"class":65},[59,150089,70],{"class":69},[59,150091,149163],{"class":697},[59,150093,139],{"class":73},[59,150095,78],{"class":77},[59,150097,41360],{"class":81},[59,150099,78],{"class":77},[59,150101,165],{"class":73},[59,150103,150104,150106,150108,150110],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150105,715],{"class":135},[59,150107,139],{"class":73},[59,150109,480],{"class":142},[59,150111,165],{"class":73},[20,150113,168],{},[50,150115,150117],{"className":52,"code":150116,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150118,150119],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150120,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150122,139],{"class":73},[59,150124,1725],{"class":77},[59,150126,354],{"class":81},[59,150128,1725],{"class":77},[59,150130,87],{"class":73},[59,150132,1734],{"class":77},[59,150134,442],{"class":81},[59,150136,1725],{"class":77},[59,150138,87],{"class":73},[59,150140,1734],{"class":77},[59,150142,451],{"class":81},[59,150144,1725],{"class":77},[59,150146,165],{"class":73},[20,150148,150149],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1127,150151,150153],{"id":150152},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[50,150155,150157],{"className":52,"code":150156,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150158,150159,150177],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150160,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150162,3837],{"class":65},[59,150164,70],{"class":69},[59,150166,149163],{"class":697},[59,150168,139],{"class":73},[59,150170,59805],{"class":135},[59,150172,139],{"class":73},[59,150174,2522],{"class":178},[59,150176,710],{"class":73},[59,150178,150179,150181,150183,150185],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150180,715],{"class":135},[59,150182,139],{"class":73},[59,150184,5366],{"class":142},[59,150186,165],{"class":73},[20,150188,168],{},[50,150190,150192],{"className":52,"code":150191,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150193,150194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150195,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150197,139],{"class":73},[59,150199,179],{"class":178},[59,150201,87],{"class":73},[59,150203,5506],{"class":178},[59,150205,87],{"class":73},[59,150207,3009],{"class":178},[59,150209,87],{"class":73},[59,150211,2469],{"class":178},[59,150213,165],{"class":73},[20,150215,150216],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[45,150218,20800],{"id":20799},[29,150220,150221,150224,150227,150230],{},[32,150222,150223],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[32,150225,150226],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[32,150228,150229],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[32,150231,150232],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150234,150235,150236,358],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[354,150237,150239],{"href":150238},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[45,150241,1579],{"id":1578},[20,150243,150244],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1127,150246,150248],{"id":150247},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150250,150251],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[50,150253,150255],{"className":52,"code":150254,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150256,150257,150273],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150258,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150260,28528],{"class":65},[59,150262,70],{"class":69},[59,150264,747],{"class":73},[59,150266,78],{"class":77},[59,150268,588],{"class":81},[59,150270,78],{"class":77},[59,150272,165],{"class":73},[59,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150276,715],{"class":135},[59,150278,139],{"class":73},[59,150280,3239],{"class":697},[59,150282,139],{"class":73},[59,150284,23304],{"class":142},[59,150286,710],{"class":73},[20,150288,150289],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[50,150291,150293],{"className":52,"code":150292,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150294,150295,150311],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150296,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150298,28528],{"class":65},[59,150300,70],{"class":69},[59,150302,747],{"class":73},[59,150304,78],{"class":77},[59,150306,588],{"class":81},[59,150308,78],{"class":77},[59,150310,149153],{"class":73},[59,150312,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150314,715],{"class":135},[59,150316,139],{"class":73},[59,150318,3239],{"class":697},[59,150320,139],{"class":73},[59,150322,23304],{"class":142},[59,150324,710],{"class":73},[1127,150326,150328],{"id":150327},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150330,150331],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[50,150333,150335],{"className":52,"code":150334,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150336,150337,150357],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150338,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150340,3837],{"class":65},[59,150342,70],{"class":69},[59,150344,74],{"class":73},[59,150346,187],{"class":178},[59,150348,87],{"class":73},[59,150350,3009],{"class":178},[59,150352,87],{"class":73},[59,150354,2469],{"class":178},[59,150356,107],{"class":73},[59,150358,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150360,715],{"class":135},[59,150362,139],{"class":73},[59,150364,3239],{"class":697},[59,150366,139],{"class":73},[59,150368,5366],{"class":142},[59,150370,710],{"class":73},[20,150372,150373],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[50,150375,150377],{"className":52,"code":150376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150378,150379,150399],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150380,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150382,3837],{"class":65},[59,150384,70],{"class":69},[59,150386,747],{"class":73},[59,150388,187],{"class":178},[59,150390,87],{"class":73},[59,150392,3009],{"class":178},[59,150394,87],{"class":73},[59,150396,2469],{"class":178},[59,150398,165],{"class":73},[59,150400,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150402,715],{"class":135},[59,150404,139],{"class":73},[59,150406,3239],{"class":697},[59,150408,139],{"class":73},[59,150410,5366],{"class":142},[59,150412,710],{"class":73},[1127,150414,150416],{"id":150415},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150418,150229],{},[50,150420,150422],{"className":52,"code":150421,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150423,150424,150444],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150425,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150427,664],{"class":65},[59,150429,70],{"class":69},[59,150431,747],{"class":73},[59,150433,187],{"class":178},[59,150435,87],{"class":73},[59,150437,3009],{"class":178},[59,150439,87],{"class":73},[59,150441,2469],{"class":178},[59,150443,165],{"class":73},[59,150445,150446],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150447,150448],{"class":3678},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150450,150451],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1127,150453,1605,150455,150458],{"id":150454},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150456,150457],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150460,64451],{},[50,150462,150463],{"className":52,"code":150081,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,150464,150465,150483],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150466,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150468,425],{"class":65},[59,150470,70],{"class":69},[59,150472,149163],{"class":697},[59,150474,139],{"class":73},[59,150476,78],{"class":77},[59,150478,41360],{"class":81},[59,150480,78],{"class":77},[59,150482,165],{"class":73},[59,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150486,715],{"class":135},[59,150488,139],{"class":73},[59,150490,480],{"class":142},[59,150492,165],{"class":73},[20,150494,150495],{},"gives:",[50,150497,150498],{"className":52,"code":150116,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,150499,150500],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150501,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150503,139],{"class":73},[59,150505,1725],{"class":77},[59,150507,354],{"class":81},[59,150509,1725],{"class":77},[59,150511,87],{"class":73},[59,150513,1734],{"class":77},[59,150515,442],{"class":81},[59,150517,1725],{"class":77},[59,150519,87],{"class":73},[59,150521,1734],{"class":77},[59,150523,451],{"class":81},[59,150525,1725],{"class":77},[59,150527,165],{"class":73},[20,150529,150530],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[50,150532,150534],{"className":52,"code":150533,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150535,150536,150552],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150539,6160],{"class":65},[59,150541,70],{"class":69},[59,150543,747],{"class":73},[59,150545,78],{"class":77},[59,150547,41360],{"class":81},[59,150549,78],{"class":77},[59,150551,149153],{"class":73},[59,150553,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150555,715],{"class":135},[59,150557,139],{"class":73},[59,150559,38189],{"class":142},[59,150561,165],{"class":73},[20,150563,168],{},[50,150565,150567],{"className":52,"code":150566,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('abc',)\n",[15,150568,150569],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150570,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150572,139],{"class":73},[59,150574,1725],{"class":77},[59,150576,41360],{"class":81},[59,150578,1725],{"class":77},[59,150580,149153],{"class":73},[1127,150582,150584],{"id":150583},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150586,150587],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[50,150589,150591],{"className":52,"code":150590,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150592,150593,150610,150614,150624,150638],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150594,150595,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150596,150597],{"class":65},"my_tuple ",[59,150599,70],{"class":69},[59,150601,747],{"class":73},[59,150603,78],{"class":77},[59,150605,588],{"class":81},[59,150607,78],{"class":77},[59,150609,149153],{"class":73},[59,150611,150612],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150613,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,150615,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,150617,715],{"class":135},[59,150619,139],{"class":73},[59,150621,147815],{"class":142},[59,150623,165],{"class":73},[59,150625,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,150627,715],{"class":135},[59,150629,139],{"class":73},[59,150631,3239],{"class":697},[59,150633,139],{"class":73},[59,150635,147815],{"class":142},[59,150637,710],{"class":73},[59,150639,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,150641,715],{"class":135},[59,150643,139],{"class":73},[59,150645,11163],{"class":135},[59,150647,139],{"class":73},[59,150649,147815],{"class":142},[59,150651,710],{"class":73},[45,150653,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,150655,150657],{"id":150656},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150659,150660,150661,150664],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150662,150663],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1127,150666,150668],{"id":150667},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150670,150671],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1127,150673,150675],{"id":150674},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150677,150678],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1127,150680,150682],{"id":150681},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150684,150685],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1127,150687,1872,150689,12718],{"id":150688},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150690,150457],{},[20,150692,5159,150693,150696],{},[15,150694,150695],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[45,150698,1927],{"id":1926},[29,150700,150701,150705,150709,150715,150720,150725,150729],{},[32,150702,150703],{},[354,150704,147797],{"href":147796},[32,150706,150707],{},[354,150708,149470],{"href":149469},[32,150710,150711],{},[354,150712,150714],{"href":150713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[32,150716,150717],{},[354,150718,150719],{"href":149035},"Python tuple length with len()",[32,150721,150722],{},[354,150723,150724],{"href":149100},"What is a tuple in Python?",[32,150726,150727],{},[354,150728,63025],{"href":63024},[32,150730,150731],{},[354,150732,150733],{"href":150238},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1953,150735,150736],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":150738},[150739,150740,150741,150742,150743,150744,150750,150756,150757,150765,150773],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":149329,"depth":110,"text":149330},{"id":149473,"depth":110,"text":149474},{"id":149566,"depth":110,"text":149567},{"id":149759,"depth":110,"text":149760,"children":150745},[150746,150747,150748,150749],{"id":707,"depth":117,"text":56267},{"id":230,"depth":117,"text":56270},{"id":149851,"depth":117,"text":149852},{"id":149894,"depth":117,"text":149895},{"id":150001,"depth":110,"text":150751,"children":150752},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150753,150754,150755],{"id":105055,"depth":117,"text":105056},{"id":105241,"depth":117,"text":105242},{"id":150152,"depth":117,"text":150153},{"id":20799,"depth":110,"text":20800},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":150758},[150759,150760,150761,150762,150764],{"id":150247,"depth":117,"text":150248},{"id":150327,"depth":117,"text":150328},{"id":150415,"depth":117,"text":150416},{"id":150454,"depth":117,"text":150763},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150583,"depth":117,"text":150584},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":150766},[150767,150768,150769,150770,150771],{"id":150656,"depth":117,"text":150657},{"id":150667,"depth":117,"text":150668},{"id":150674,"depth":117,"text":150675},{"id":150681,"depth":117,"text":150682},{"id":150688,"depth":117,"text":150772},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149086,"description":150774},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150781,"title":150782,"body":150783,"description":152328,"extension":1988,"meta":152329,"navigation":113,"path":152330,"seo":152331,"stem":152332,"__hash__":152333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150784,"toc":152298},[150785,150788,150793,150795,150808,150814,150816,150883,150885,150920,150925,150929,150933,150935,150946,150954,150956,150958,150979,150981,151001,151004,151006,151011,151054,151056,151078,151081,151094,151098,151102,151105,151158,151160,151181,151186,151190,151193,151238,151240,151273,151285,151289,151297,151334,151336,151365,151369,151372,151425,151427,151447,151454,151458,151463,151532,151534,151559,151563,151566,151572,151649,151651,151710,151712,151724,151729,151733,151737,151751,151753,151788,151790,151807,151810,151823,151827,151831,151842,151847,151862,151865,151868,151870,151873,151877,151879,151893,151895,151919,151924,151928,151931,151950,151953,152002,152007,152024,152027,152060,152064,152066,152117,152120,152145,152148,152171,152175,152181,152183,152218,152221,152226,152228,152232,152235,152239,152244,152248,152251,152255,152258,152262,152267,152269,152295],[10,150786,150782],{"id":150787},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150789,9127,150790,150792],{},[15,150791,37844],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150794,82397],{},[29,150796,150797,150802],{},[32,150798,150799,150801],{},[15,150800,37844],{}," creates an empty tuple",[32,150803,150804,150807],{},[15,150805,150806],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150809,150810,150811,150813],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150812,37844],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[45,150815,48],{"id":47},[50,150817,150819],{"className":52,"code":150818,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150820,150821,150841,150855,150859,150869],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150822,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150824,664],{"class":65},[59,150826,70],{"class":69},[59,150828,74],{"class":73},[59,150830,187],{"class":178},[59,150832,87],{"class":73},[59,150834,3009],{"class":178},[59,150836,87],{"class":73},[59,150838,2469],{"class":178},[59,150840,107],{"class":73},[59,150842,150843,150845,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150844,692],{"class":65},[59,150846,70],{"class":69},[59,150848,149163],{"class":697},[59,150850,139],{"class":73},[59,150852,707],{"class":142},[59,150854,165],{"class":73},[59,150856,150857],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,150858,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,150860,150861,150863,150865,150867],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,150862,715],{"class":135},[59,150864,139],{"class":73},[59,150866,720],{"class":142},[59,150868,165],{"class":73},[59,150870,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,150872,715],{"class":135},[59,150874,139],{"class":73},[59,150876,3239],{"class":697},[59,150878,139],{"class":73},[59,150880,720],{"class":142},[59,150882,710],{"class":73},[20,150884,168],{},[50,150886,150888],{"className":52,"code":150887,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150889,150890,150906],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150891,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150893,139],{"class":73},[59,150895,187],{"class":178},[59,150897,87],{"class":73},[59,150899,3009],{"class":178},[59,150901,87],{"class":73},[59,150903,2469],{"class":178},[59,150905,165],{"class":73},[59,150907,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150909,1769],{"class":69},[59,150911,3310],{"class":887},[59,150913,1734],{"class":77},[59,150915,48756],{"class":81},[59,150917,1725],{"class":77},[59,150919,1788],{"class":69},[20,150921,201,150922,150924],{},[15,150923,150806],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[45,150926,150928],{"id":150927},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150930,150931,62733],{},[15,150932,37844],{},[20,150934,48730],{},[29,150936,150937,150940,150943],{},[32,150938,150939],{},"creates a tuple object",[32,150941,150942],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[32,150944,150945],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150947,150948,150949,150951,150952,358],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[354,150950,149101],{"href":149100}," or the full guide to ",[354,150953,147797],{"href":147796},[45,150955,362],{"id":361},[20,150957,26477],{},[50,150959,150961],{"className":52,"code":150960,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150962,150963,150969],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,150964,150965,150967],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,150966,48756],{"class":697},[59,150968,8647],{"class":73},[59,150970,150971,150973,150975,150977],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,150972,48756],{"class":697},[59,150974,139],{"class":73},[59,150976,380],{"class":142},[59,150978,165],{"class":73},[20,150980,11461],{},[29,150982,150983,150986],{},[32,150984,150985],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[32,150987,150988,150989],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[29,150990,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999],{},[32,150992,224],{},[32,150994,230],{},[32,150996,62804],{},[32,150998,5314],{},[32,151000,7258],{},[20,151002,151003],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[45,151005,149474],{"id":149473},[20,151007,29638,151008,151010],{},[15,151009,37844],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[50,151012,151014],{"className":52,"code":151013,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151015,151016,151026,151030,151040],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151019,124661],{"class":65},[59,151021,70],{"class":69},[59,151023,149163],{"class":697},[59,151025,8647],{"class":73},[59,151027,151028],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151029,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151031,151032,151034,151036,151038],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151033,715],{"class":135},[59,151035,139],{"class":73},[59,151037,124712],{"class":142},[59,151039,165],{"class":73},[59,151041,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151043,715],{"class":135},[59,151045,139],{"class":73},[59,151047,3239],{"class":697},[59,151049,139],{"class":73},[59,151051,124712],{"class":142},[59,151053,710],{"class":73},[20,151055,168],{},[50,151057,151058],{"className":52,"code":149519,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,151059,151060,151064],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151061,151062],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151063,8647],{"class":73},[59,151065,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151067,1769],{"class":69},[59,151069,3310],{"class":887},[59,151071,1734],{"class":77},[59,151073,48756],{"class":81},[59,151075,1725],{"class":77},[59,151077,1788],{"class":69},[20,151079,151080],{},"This is equivalent to:",[50,151082,151084],{"className":52,"code":151083,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty = ()\n",[15,151085,151086],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151087,151088,151090,151092],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151089,124661],{"class":65},[59,151091,70],{"class":69},[59,151093,149139],{"class":73},[45,151095,151097],{"id":151096},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1127,151099,151101],{"id":151100},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151103,151104],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[50,151106,151108],{"className":52,"code":151107,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151109,151110,151130,151144,151148],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151111,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151113,664],{"class":65},[59,151115,70],{"class":69},[59,151117,74],{"class":73},[59,151119,671],{"class":178},[59,151121,87],{"class":73},[59,151123,676],{"class":178},[59,151125,87],{"class":73},[59,151127,681],{"class":178},[59,151129,107],{"class":73},[59,151131,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151133,692],{"class":65},[59,151135,70],{"class":69},[59,151137,149163],{"class":697},[59,151139,139],{"class":73},[59,151141,707],{"class":142},[59,151143,165],{"class":73},[59,151145,151146],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151147,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151151,715],{"class":135},[59,151153,139],{"class":73},[59,151155,720],{"class":142},[59,151157,165],{"class":73},[20,151159,168],{},[50,151161,151163],{"className":52,"code":151162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151164,151165],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151168,139],{"class":73},[59,151170,671],{"class":178},[59,151172,87],{"class":73},[59,151174,676],{"class":178},[59,151176,87],{"class":73},[59,151178,681],{"class":178},[59,151180,165],{"class":73},[20,151182,151183,151184,358],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[354,151185,104861],{"href":59862},[1127,151187,151189],{"id":151188},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151191,151192],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[50,151194,151196],{"className":52,"code":151195,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151197,151198,151210,151224,151228],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151199,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151201,34675],{"class":65},[59,151203,70],{"class":69},[59,151205,90],{"class":77},[59,151207,1439],{"class":81},[59,151209,3374],{"class":77},[59,151211,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151213,692],{"class":65},[59,151215,70],{"class":69},[59,151217,149163],{"class":697},[59,151219,139],{"class":73},[59,151221,34696],{"class":142},[59,151223,165],{"class":73},[59,151225,151226],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151227,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151229,151230,151232,151234,151236],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151231,715],{"class":135},[59,151233,139],{"class":73},[59,151235,720],{"class":142},[59,151237,165],{"class":73},[20,151239,168],{},[50,151241,151243],{"className":52,"code":151242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151244,151245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151246,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151248,139],{"class":73},[59,151250,1725],{"class":77},[59,151252,451],{"class":81},[59,151254,1725],{"class":77},[59,151256,87],{"class":73},[59,151258,1734],{"class":77},[59,151260,354],{"class":81},[59,151262,1725],{"class":77},[59,151264,87],{"class":73},[59,151266,1734],{"class":77},[59,151268,63094],{"class":81},[59,151270,1725],{"class":77},[59,151272,165],{"class":73},[20,151274,151275,151276,14053,151279,151281,151282,358],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151277,151278],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[549,151280,4647],{}," create ",[15,151283,151284],{},"('cat',)",[1127,151286,151288],{"id":151287},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151290,151291,151293,151294,151296],{},[15,151292,535],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151295,37844],{}," collects them all.",[50,151298,151300],{"className":52,"code":151299,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151301,151302,151320,151324],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151303,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151305,692],{"class":65},[59,151307,70],{"class":69},[59,151309,149163],{"class":697},[59,151311,139],{"class":73},[59,151313,59805],{"class":135},[59,151315,139],{"class":73},[59,151317,2159],{"class":178},[59,151319,710],{"class":73},[59,151321,151322],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151323,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151325,151326,151328,151330,151332],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151327,715],{"class":135},[59,151329,139],{"class":73},[59,151331,720],{"class":142},[59,151333,165],{"class":73},[20,151335,168],{},[50,151337,151339],{"className":52,"code":151338,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151340,151341],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151342,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151344,139],{"class":73},[59,151346,179],{"class":178},[59,151348,87],{"class":73},[59,151350,5506],{"class":178},[59,151352,87],{"class":73},[59,151354,3009],{"class":178},[59,151356,87],{"class":73},[59,151358,2469],{"class":178},[59,151360,87],{"class":73},[59,151362,2475],{"class":178},[59,151364,165],{"class":73},[1127,151366,151368],{"id":151367},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151370,151371],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[50,151373,151375],{"className":52,"code":151374,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151376,151377,151397,151411,151415],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151378,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151380,3837],{"class":65},[59,151382,70],{"class":69},[59,151384,10491],{"class":73},[59,151386,187],{"class":178},[59,151388,87],{"class":73},[59,151390,3009],{"class":178},[59,151392,87],{"class":73},[59,151394,2469],{"class":178},[59,151396,9309],{"class":73},[59,151398,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151400,692],{"class":65},[59,151402,70],{"class":69},[59,151404,149163],{"class":697},[59,151406,139],{"class":73},[59,151408,5366],{"class":142},[59,151410,165],{"class":73},[59,151412,151413],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151414,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151416,151417,151419,151421,151423],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151418,715],{"class":135},[59,151420,139],{"class":73},[59,151422,720],{"class":142},[59,151424,165],{"class":73},[20,151426,168],{},[50,151428,151429],{"className":52,"code":149376,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,151430,151431],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151432,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151434,139],{"class":73},[59,151436,187],{"class":178},[59,151438,87],{"class":73},[59,151440,3009],{"class":178},[59,151442,87],{"class":73},[59,151444,2469],{"class":178},[59,151446,165],{"class":73},[20,151448,151449,151450,358],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[354,151451,151453],{"href":151452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1127,151455,151457],{"id":151456},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151459,63347,151460,151462],{},[15,151461,37844],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[50,151464,151466],{"className":52,"code":151465,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151467,151468,151504,151518,151522],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151469,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151471,13203],{"class":65},[59,151473,70],{"class":69},[59,151475,10491],{"class":73},[59,151477,78],{"class":77},[59,151479,7676],{"class":81},[59,151481,78],{"class":77},[59,151483,1002],{"class":73},[59,151485,90],{"class":77},[59,151487,258],{"class":81},[59,151489,78],{"class":77},[59,151491,87],{"class":73},[59,151493,90],{"class":77},[59,151495,9299],{"class":81},[59,151497,78],{"class":77},[59,151499,1002],{"class":73},[59,151501,9306],{"class":178},[59,151503,9309],{"class":73},[59,151505,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151507,692],{"class":65},[59,151509,70],{"class":69},[59,151511,149163],{"class":697},[59,151513,139],{"class":73},[59,151515,17307],{"class":142},[59,151517,165],{"class":73},[59,151519,151520],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151521,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151523,151524,151526,151528,151530],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151525,715],{"class":135},[59,151527,139],{"class":73},[59,151529,720],{"class":142},[59,151531,165],{"class":73},[20,151533,30017],{},[50,151535,151537],{"className":52,"code":151536,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151538,151539],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151540,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151542,139],{"class":73},[59,151544,1725],{"class":77},[59,151546,7676],{"class":81},[59,151548,1725],{"class":77},[59,151550,87],{"class":73},[59,151552,1734],{"class":77},[59,151554,9299],{"class":81},[59,151556,1725],{"class":77},[59,151558,165],{"class":73},[45,151560,151562],{"id":151561},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151564,151565],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151567,151568,151571],{},[15,151569,151570],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[50,151573,151575],{"className":52,"code":151574,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151576,151577,151613,151617,151631],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151578,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151580,13203],{"class":65},[59,151582,70],{"class":69},[59,151584,10491],{"class":73},[59,151586,78],{"class":77},[59,151588,7676],{"class":81},[59,151590,78],{"class":77},[59,151592,1002],{"class":73},[59,151594,90],{"class":77},[59,151596,258],{"class":81},[59,151598,78],{"class":77},[59,151600,87],{"class":73},[59,151602,90],{"class":77},[59,151604,9299],{"class":81},[59,151606,78],{"class":77},[59,151608,1002],{"class":73},[59,151610,9306],{"class":178},[59,151612,9309],{"class":73},[59,151614,151615],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151616,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,151618,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,151620,715],{"class":135},[59,151622,139],{"class":73},[59,151624,48756],{"class":697},[59,151626,139],{"class":73},[59,151628,17307],{"class":142},[59,151630,710],{"class":73},[59,151632,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,151634,715],{"class":135},[59,151636,139],{"class":73},[59,151638,48756],{"class":697},[59,151640,139],{"class":73},[59,151642,17307],{"class":142},[59,151644,358],{"class":73},[59,151646,1297],{"class":142},[59,151648,6296],{"class":73},[20,151650,168],{},[50,151652,151654],{"className":52,"code":151653,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151655,151656,151676],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151657,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151659,139],{"class":73},[59,151661,1725],{"class":77},[59,151663,7676],{"class":81},[59,151665,1725],{"class":77},[59,151667,87],{"class":73},[59,151669,1734],{"class":77},[59,151671,9299],{"class":81},[59,151673,1725],{"class":77},[59,151675,165],{"class":73},[59,151677,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151679,5519],{"class":73},[59,151681,1725],{"class":77},[59,151683,7676],{"class":81},[59,151685,1725],{"class":77},[59,151687,87],{"class":73},[59,151689,1734],{"class":77},[59,151691,258],{"class":81},[59,151693,1725],{"class":77},[59,151695,744],{"class":73},[59,151697,747],{"class":73},[59,151699,1725],{"class":77},[59,151701,9299],{"class":81},[59,151703,1725],{"class":77},[59,151705,87],{"class":73},[59,151707,9306],{"class":178},[59,151709,710],{"class":73},[20,151711,18693],{},[29,151713,151714,151719],{},[32,151715,151716,151718],{},[15,151717,151570],{}," for keys",[32,151720,151721,32546],{},[15,151722,151723],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151725,151726,151727,358],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[354,151728,63357],{"href":63356},[45,151730,151732],{"id":151731},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151734,151735,18317],{},[15,151736,37844],{},[29,151738,151739,151742,151745,151748],{},[32,151740,151741],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[32,151743,151744],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[32,151746,151747],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[32,151749,151750],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151752,239],{},[50,151754,151756],{"className":52,"code":151755,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151757,151758,151777],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151759,151760,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151761,151762],{"class":65},"coordinates ",[59,151764,70],{"class":69},[59,151766,149163],{"class":697},[59,151768,1629],{"class":73},[59,151770,2522],{"class":178},[59,151772,87],{"class":73},[59,151774,6000],{"class":178},[59,151776,3902],{"class":73},[59,151778,151779,151781,151783,151786],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,151780,715],{"class":135},[59,151782,139],{"class":73},[59,151784,151785],{"class":142},"coordinates",[59,151787,165],{"class":73},[20,151789,168],{},[50,151791,151793],{"className":52,"code":151792,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151794,151795],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151796,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151798,139],{"class":73},[59,151800,2522],{"class":178},[59,151802,87],{"class":73},[59,151804,6000],{"class":178},[59,151806,165],{"class":73},[20,151808,151809],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[29,151811,151812,151814,151817,151820],{},[32,151813,151785],{},[32,151815,151816],{},"RGB colors",[32,151818,151819],{},"dates",[32,151821,151822],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[45,151824,151826],{"id":151825},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151828,44230,151829,10602],{},[15,151830,37844],{},[29,151832,151833,151836,151839],{},[32,151834,151835],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[32,151837,151838],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[32,151840,151841],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151843,116288,151844,151846],{},[549,151845,4647],{}," work:",[50,151848,151850],{"className":52,"code":151849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151851,151852],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151853,151854,151856,151858,151860],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151855,48756],{"class":697},[59,151857,139],{"class":73},[59,151859,2159],{"class":178},[59,151861,165],{"class":73},[20,151863,151864],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151866,151867],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[45,151869,115126],{"id":115125},[20,151871,151872],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1127,151874,151876],{"id":151875},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151878,2854],{},[50,151880,151881],{"className":52,"code":151849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,151882,151883],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151884,151885,151887,151889,151891],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151886,48756],{"class":697},[59,151888,139],{"class":73},[59,151890,2159],{"class":178},[59,151892,165],{"class":73},[20,151894,29669],{},[50,151896,151897],{"className":52,"code":63461,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,151898,151899],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151900,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151902,3021],{"class":697},[59,151904,1002],{"class":73},[59,151906,1734],{"class":77},[59,151908,2209],{"class":81},[59,151910,1725],{"class":77},[59,151912,1774],{"class":697},[59,151914,8101],{"class":69},[59,151916,8104],{"class":69},[59,151918,63484],{"class":65},[20,151920,151921,151922,358],{},"If you see this, read ",[354,151923,62098],{"href":52404},[1127,151925,151927],{"id":151926},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151929,151930],{},"This code:",[50,151932,151934],{"className":52,"code":151933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151935,151936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151937,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151939,48756],{"class":697},[59,151941,139],{"class":73},[59,151943,78],{"class":77},[59,151945,3860],{"class":81},[59,151947,78],{"class":77},[59,151949,165],{"class":73},[20,151951,151952],{},"returns:",[50,151954,151956],{"className":52,"code":151955,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151957,151958],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,151959,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,151961,139],{"class":73},[59,151963,1725],{"class":77},[59,151965,60245],{"class":81},[59,151967,1725],{"class":77},[59,151969,87],{"class":73},[59,151971,1734],{"class":77},[59,151973,60254],{"class":81},[59,151975,1725],{"class":77},[59,151977,87],{"class":73},[59,151979,1734],{"class":77},[59,151981,60263],{"class":81},[59,151983,1725],{"class":77},[59,151985,87],{"class":73},[59,151987,1734],{"class":77},[59,151989,60263],{"class":81},[59,151991,1725],{"class":77},[59,151993,87],{"class":73},[59,151995,1734],{"class":77},[59,151997,60280],{"class":81},[59,151999,1725],{"class":77},[59,152001,165],{"class":73},[20,152003,40705,152004,152006],{},[549,152005,4647],{}," return:",[50,152008,152010],{"className":52,"code":152009,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('hello',)\n",[15,152011,152012],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152013,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152015,139],{"class":73},[59,152017,1725],{"class":77},[59,152019,3860],{"class":81},[59,152021,1725],{"class":77},[59,152023,149153],{"class":73},[20,152025,152026],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[50,152028,152030],{"className":52,"code":152029,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152031,152032,152049],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152033,152034,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152035,152036],{"class":65},"single ",[59,152038,70],{"class":69},[59,152040,747],{"class":73},[59,152042,78],{"class":77},[59,152044,3860],{"class":81},[59,152046,78],{"class":77},[59,152048,149153],{"class":73},[59,152050,152051,152053,152055,152058],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152052,715],{"class":135},[59,152054,139],{"class":73},[59,152056,152057],{"class":142},"single",[59,152059,165],{"class":73},[1127,152061,152063],{"id":152062},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152065,151930],{},[50,152067,152069],{"className":52,"code":152068,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152070,152071,152103],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152072,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152074,9170],{"class":65},[59,152076,70],{"class":69},[59,152078,10491],{"class":73},[59,152080,78],{"class":77},[59,152082,354],{"class":81},[59,152084,78],{"class":77},[59,152086,1002],{"class":73},[59,152088,5506],{"class":178},[59,152090,87],{"class":73},[59,152092,90],{"class":77},[59,152094,442],{"class":81},[59,152096,78],{"class":77},[59,152098,1002],{"class":73},[59,152100,3009],{"class":178},[59,152102,9309],{"class":73},[59,152104,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152106,715],{"class":135},[59,152108,139],{"class":73},[59,152110,48756],{"class":697},[59,152112,139],{"class":73},[59,152114,9208],{"class":142},[59,152116,710],{"class":73},[20,152118,152119],{},"returns only the keys:",[50,152121,152123],{"className":52,"code":152122,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152124,152125],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152126,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152128,139],{"class":73},[59,152130,1725],{"class":77},[59,152132,354],{"class":81},[59,152134,1725],{"class":77},[59,152136,87],{"class":73},[59,152138,1734],{"class":77},[59,152140,442],{"class":81},[59,152142,1725],{"class":77},[59,152144,165],{"class":73},[20,152146,152147],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[50,152149,152151],{"className":52,"code":152150,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152152,152153],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152154,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152156,715],{"class":135},[59,152158,139],{"class":73},[59,152160,48756],{"class":697},[59,152162,139],{"class":73},[59,152164,9208],{"class":142},[59,152166,358],{"class":73},[59,152168,1297],{"class":142},[59,152170,6296],{"class":73},[1127,152172,152174],{"id":152173},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152176,152177,152178,152180],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152179,37844],{}," conversion.",[20,152182,5480],{},[50,152184,152186],{"className":52,"code":152185,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152187,152188,152208],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152189,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152191,2464],{"class":65},[59,152193,70],{"class":69},[59,152195,747],{"class":73},[59,152197,187],{"class":178},[59,152199,87],{"class":73},[59,152201,3009],{"class":178},[59,152203,87],{"class":73},[59,152205,2469],{"class":178},[59,152207,165],{"class":73},[59,152209,152210,152212,152214,152216],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152211,715],{"class":135},[59,152213,139],{"class":73},[59,152215,1217],{"class":142},[59,152217,165],{"class":73},[20,152219,152220],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152222,25495,152223,152225],{},[15,152224,37844],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[45,152227,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,152229,152231],{"id":152230},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152233,152234],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1127,152236,152238],{"id":152237},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152240,152241,152242,358],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152243,7373],{},[1127,152245,152247],{"id":152246},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152249,152250],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1127,152252,152254],{"id":152253},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152256,152257],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1127,152259,152261],{"id":152260},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152263,152264,152265,358],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152266,3021],{},[45,152268,1927],{"id":1926},[29,152270,152271,152275,152279,152283,152287,152291],{},[32,152272,152273],{},[354,152274,147797],{"href":147796},[32,152276,152277],{},[354,152278,150724],{"href":149100},[32,152280,152281],{},[354,152282,104861],{"href":59862},[32,152284,152285],{},[354,152286,151453],{"href":151452},[32,152288,152289],{},[354,152290,63357],{"href":63356},[32,152292,152293],{},[354,152294,62098],{"href":52404},[1953,152296,152297],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":152299},[152300,152301,152302,152303,152304,152311,152312,152313,152314,152320,152327],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":150927,"depth":110,"text":150928},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":149473,"depth":110,"text":149474},{"id":151096,"depth":110,"text":151097,"children":152305},[152306,152307,152308,152309,152310],{"id":151100,"depth":117,"text":151101},{"id":151188,"depth":117,"text":151189},{"id":151287,"depth":117,"text":151288},{"id":151367,"depth":117,"text":151368},{"id":151456,"depth":117,"text":151457},{"id":151561,"depth":110,"text":151562},{"id":151731,"depth":110,"text":151732},{"id":151825,"depth":110,"text":151826},{"id":115125,"depth":110,"text":115126,"children":152315},[152316,152317,152318,152319],{"id":151875,"depth":117,"text":151876},{"id":151926,"depth":117,"text":151927},{"id":152062,"depth":117,"text":152063},{"id":152173,"depth":117,"text":152174},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":152321},[152322,152323,152324,152325,152326],{"id":152230,"depth":117,"text":152231},{"id":152237,"depth":117,"text":152238},{"id":152246,"depth":117,"text":152247},{"id":152253,"depth":117,"text":152254},{"id":152260,"depth":117,"text":152261},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150782,"description":152328},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152335,"title":152336,"body":152337,"description":153750,"extension":1988,"meta":153751,"navigation":113,"path":153752,"seo":153753,"stem":153754,"__hash__":153755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152338,"toc":153722},[152339,152344,152349,152352,152354,152433,152439,152444,152448,152463,152465,152512,152514,152522,152530,152536,152538,152543,152563,152566,152593,152595,152619,152621,152763,152765,152769,152777,152780,152782,152859,152861,152869,152873,152877,152887,152897,152899,152904,152906,152965,152970,152972,153072,153074,153088,153093,153099,153106,153109,153111,153221,153225,153242,153244,153307,153309,153317,153329,153333,153338,153366,153369,153451,153453,153464,153466,153470,153497,153499,153501,153581,153589,153591,153646,153648,153653,153656,153660,153664,153666,153670,153674,153682,153689,153692,153694,153719],[10,152340,147681,152342,11324],{"id":152341},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152343,58774],{},[20,152345,152346,152348],{},[15,152347,149002],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152350,152351],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[45,152353,48],{"id":47},[50,152355,152357],{"className":52,"code":152356,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152358,152359,152399,152421],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152360,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152362,66],{"class":65},[59,152364,70],{"class":69},[59,152366,747],{"class":73},[59,152368,78],{"class":77},[59,152370,82],{"class":81},[59,152372,78],{"class":77},[59,152374,87],{"class":73},[59,152376,90],{"class":77},[59,152378,102],{"class":81},[59,152380,78],{"class":77},[59,152382,87],{"class":73},[59,152384,90],{"class":77},[59,152386,93],{"class":81},[59,152388,78],{"class":77},[59,152390,87],{"class":73},[59,152392,90],{"class":77},[59,152394,102],{"class":81},[59,152396,78],{"class":77},[59,152398,165],{"class":73},[59,152400,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152402,64727],{"class":65},[59,152404,70],{"class":69},[59,152406,1558],{"class":65},[59,152408,358],{"class":73},[59,152410,157],{"class":142},[59,152412,139],{"class":73},[59,152414,78],{"class":77},[59,152416,102],{"class":81},[59,152418,78],{"class":77},[59,152420,165],{"class":73},[59,152422,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,152424,715],{"class":135},[59,152426,139],{"class":73},[59,152428,64754],{"class":142},[59,152430,3675],{"class":73},[59,152432,27770],{"class":3678},[20,152434,152435,152438],{},[15,152436,152437],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[45,152440,208,152442,211],{"id":152441},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152443,149002],{},[20,152445,2005,152446,11415],{},[15,152447,58774],{},[29,152449,152450,152453,152455,152458],{},[32,152451,152452],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[32,152454,128279],{},[32,152456,152457],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[32,152459,152460,152461],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152462,179],{},[20,152464,239],{},[50,152466,152468],{"className":52,"code":152467,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152469,152470,152494],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152471,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152473,664],{"class":65},[59,152475,70],{"class":69},[59,152477,747],{"class":73},[59,152479,671],{"class":178},[59,152481,87],{"class":73},[59,152483,676],{"class":178},[59,152485,87],{"class":73},[59,152487,681],{"class":178},[59,152489,87],{"class":73},[59,152491,676],{"class":178},[59,152493,165],{"class":73},[59,152495,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152497,715],{"class":135},[59,152499,139],{"class":73},[59,152501,707],{"class":142},[59,152503,358],{"class":73},[59,152505,157],{"class":142},[59,152507,139],{"class":73},[59,152509,1222],{"class":178},[59,152511,710],{"class":73},[20,152513,168],{},[50,152515,152516],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,152517,152518],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152519,152520],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152521,46719],{"class":178},[20,152523,20977,152524,152526,152527,152529],{},[15,152525,1222],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152528,58774],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152531,150948,152532,358],{},[354,152533,152535],{"href":152534},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[45,152537,362],{"id":361},[20,152539,7771,152540,152542],{},[15,152541,58774],{}," in two ways:",[50,152544,152546],{"className":52,"code":152545,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152547,152548],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152549,152550,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152551,152552],{"class":65},"tuple_name",[59,152554,358],{"class":73},[59,152556,157],{"class":142},[59,152558,139],{"class":73},[59,152560,1217],{"class":142},[59,152562,165],{"class":73},[20,152564,152565],{},"or:",[50,152567,152569],{"className":52,"code":152568,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152570,152571],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152572,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152574,152552],{"class":65},[59,152576,358],{"class":73},[59,152578,157],{"class":142},[59,152580,139],{"class":73},[59,152582,1217],{"class":142},[59,152584,87],{"class":73},[59,152586,386],{"class":142},[59,152588,87],{"class":73},[59,152590,64848],{"class":142},[59,152592,165],{"class":73},[1127,152594,17395],{"id":17394},[29,152596,152597,152602,152607,152612],{},[32,152598,152599,152601],{},[15,152600,1217],{}," — the item to search for",[32,152603,152604,152606],{},[15,152605,407],{}," — optional starting position",[32,152608,152609,152611],{},[15,152610,52465],{}," — optional ending position",[32,152613,152614,1205,152616,152618],{},[15,152615,52465],{},[549,152617,64877],{}," in the search",[20,152620,239],{},[50,152622,152624],{"className":52,"code":152623,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152625,152626,152674,152678,152703,152731],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152627,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152629,425],{"class":65},[59,152631,70],{"class":69},[59,152633,747],{"class":73},[59,152635,78],{"class":77},[59,152637,354],{"class":81},[59,152639,78],{"class":77},[59,152641,87],{"class":73},[59,152643,90],{"class":77},[59,152645,442],{"class":81},[59,152647,78],{"class":77},[59,152649,87],{"class":73},[59,152651,90],{"class":77},[59,152653,451],{"class":81},[59,152655,78],{"class":77},[59,152657,87],{"class":73},[59,152659,90],{"class":77},[59,152661,442],{"class":81},[59,152663,78],{"class":77},[59,152665,87],{"class":73},[59,152667,90],{"class":77},[59,152669,18766],{"class":81},[59,152671,78],{"class":77},[59,152673,165],{"class":73},[59,152675,152676],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152677,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,152679,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,152681,715],{"class":135},[59,152683,139],{"class":73},[59,152685,480],{"class":142},[59,152687,358],{"class":73},[59,152689,157],{"class":142},[59,152691,139],{"class":73},[59,152693,78],{"class":77},[59,152695,442],{"class":81},[59,152697,78],{"class":77},[59,152699,5369],{"class":73},[59,152701,152702],{"class":3678},"        # 1\n",[59,152704,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,152706,715],{"class":135},[59,152708,139],{"class":73},[59,152710,480],{"class":142},[59,152712,358],{"class":73},[59,152714,157],{"class":142},[59,152716,139],{"class":73},[59,152718,78],{"class":77},[59,152720,442],{"class":81},[59,152722,78],{"class":77},[59,152724,87],{"class":73},[59,152726,3009],{"class":178},[59,152728,5369],{"class":73},[59,152730,50722],{"class":3678},[59,152732,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,152734,715],{"class":135},[59,152736,139],{"class":73},[59,152738,480],{"class":142},[59,152740,358],{"class":73},[59,152742,157],{"class":142},[59,152744,139],{"class":73},[59,152746,78],{"class":77},[59,152748,442],{"class":81},[59,152750,78],{"class":77},[59,152752,87],{"class":73},[59,152754,5506],{"class":178},[59,152756,87],{"class":73},[59,152758,2469],{"class":178},[59,152760,5369],{"class":73},[59,152762,27770],{"class":3678},[45,152764,103188],{"id":103187},[20,152766,152767,25498],{},[15,152768,149002],{},[29,152770,152771,152774],{},[32,152772,152773],{},"An integer",[32,152775,152776],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152778,152779],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152781,239],{},[50,152783,152785],{"className":52,"code":152784,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152786,152787,152827,152849],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152790,108287],{"class":65},[59,152792,70],{"class":69},[59,152794,747],{"class":73},[59,152796,78],{"class":77},[59,152798,1439],{"class":81},[59,152800,78],{"class":77},[59,152802,87],{"class":73},[59,152804,90],{"class":77},[59,152806,57933],{"class":81},[59,152808,78],{"class":77},[59,152810,87],{"class":73},[59,152812,90],{"class":77},[59,152814,57950],{"class":81},[59,152816,78],{"class":77},[59,152818,87],{"class":73},[59,152820,90],{"class":77},[59,152822,57933],{"class":81},[59,152824,78],{"class":77},[59,152826,165],{"class":73},[59,152828,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152830,692],{"class":65},[59,152832,70],{"class":69},[59,152834,108330],{"class":65},[59,152836,358],{"class":73},[59,152838,157],{"class":142},[59,152840,139],{"class":73},[59,152842,78],{"class":77},[59,152844,57933],{"class":81},[59,152846,78],{"class":77},[59,152848,165],{"class":73},[59,152850,152851,152853,152855,152857],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,152852,715],{"class":135},[59,152854,139],{"class":73},[59,152856,720],{"class":142},[59,152858,165],{"class":73},[20,152860,168],{},[50,152862,152863],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,152864,152865],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152866,152867],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152868,46719],{"class":178},[45,152870,152872],{"id":152871},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152874,201,152875,10602],{},[15,152876,149002],{},[29,152878,152879,152881,152884],{},[32,152880,65906],{},[32,152882,152883],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[32,152885,152886],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152888,152889,152890,152893,152894,358],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152891,152892],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[354,152895,149470],{"href":152896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[45,152898,65438],{"id":65437},[20,152900,152901,152902,358],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152903,40503],{},[20,152905,239],{},[50,152907,152909],{"className":52,"code":152908,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152910,152911,152943],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152912,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152914,66],{"class":65},[59,152916,70],{"class":69},[59,152918,747],{"class":73},[59,152920,78],{"class":77},[59,152922,82],{"class":81},[59,152924,78],{"class":77},[59,152926,87],{"class":73},[59,152928,90],{"class":77},[59,152930,102],{"class":81},[59,152932,78],{"class":77},[59,152934,87],{"class":73},[59,152936,90],{"class":77},[59,152938,93],{"class":81},[59,152940,78],{"class":77},[59,152942,165],{"class":73},[59,152944,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,152946,715],{"class":135},[59,152948,139],{"class":73},[59,152950,143],{"class":142},[59,152952,358],{"class":73},[59,152954,157],{"class":142},[59,152956,139],{"class":73},[59,152958,78],{"class":77},[59,152960,22519],{"class":81},[59,152962,78],{"class":77},[59,152964,710],{"class":73},[20,152966,39452,152967,152969],{},[15,152968,109612],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152971,65513],{},[50,152973,152975],{"className":52,"code":152974,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152976,152977,153009,153013,153029,153051,153057],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,152978,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,152980,66],{"class":65},[59,152982,70],{"class":69},[59,152984,747],{"class":73},[59,152986,78],{"class":77},[59,152988,82],{"class":81},[59,152990,78],{"class":77},[59,152992,87],{"class":73},[59,152994,90],{"class":77},[59,152996,102],{"class":81},[59,152998,78],{"class":77},[59,153000,87],{"class":73},[59,153002,90],{"class":77},[59,153004,93],{"class":81},[59,153006,78],{"class":77},[59,153008,165],{"class":73},[59,153010,153011],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153012,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153014,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153016,7004],{"class":120},[59,153018,90],{"class":77},[59,153020,22519],{"class":81},[59,153022,78],{"class":77},[59,153024,21173],{"class":69},[59,153026,1558],{"class":65},[59,153028,1561],{"class":73},[59,153030,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153032,152],{"class":135},[59,153034,139],{"class":73},[59,153036,143],{"class":142},[59,153038,358],{"class":73},[59,153040,157],{"class":142},[59,153042,139],{"class":73},[59,153044,78],{"class":77},[59,153046,22519],{"class":81},[59,153048,78],{"class":77},[59,153050,710],{"class":73},[59,153052,153053,153055],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,153054,27424],{"class":120},[59,153056,1561],{"class":73},[59,153058,153059,153061,153063,153065,153068,153070],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,153060,152],{"class":135},[59,153062,139],{"class":73},[59,153064,78],{"class":77},[59,153066,153067],{"class":81},"Value not found",[59,153069,78],{"class":77},[59,153071,165],{"class":73},[20,153073,168],{},[50,153075,153077],{"className":52,"code":153076,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Value not found\n",[15,153078,153079],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153080,153081,153084,153086],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153082,153083],{"class":65},"Value ",[59,153085,4647],{"class":69},[59,153087,65637],{"class":65},[20,153089,153090,153091,358],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[354,153092,65647],{"href":65646},[45,153094,1599,153095,4408,153097],{"id":65214},[15,153096,407],{},[15,153098,52465],{},[20,153100,2005,153101,4408,153103,153105],{},[15,153102,407],{},[15,153104,52465],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153107,153108],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153110,239],{},[50,153112,153114],{"className":52,"code":153113,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153115,153116,153144,153148,153169,153193],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153117,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153119,3837],{"class":65},[59,153121,70],{"class":69},[59,153123,747],{"class":73},[59,153125,2159],{"class":178},[59,153127,87],{"class":73},[59,153129,741],{"class":178},[59,153131,87],{"class":73},[59,153133,4621],{"class":178},[59,153135,87],{"class":73},[59,153137,676],{"class":178},[59,153139,87],{"class":73},[59,153141,4621],{"class":178},[59,153143,165],{"class":73},[59,153145,153146],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153147,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153149,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153151,715],{"class":135},[59,153153,139],{"class":73},[59,153155,5366],{"class":142},[59,153157,358],{"class":73},[59,153159,157],{"class":142},[59,153161,139],{"class":73},[59,153163,2159],{"class":178},[59,153165,5369],{"class":73},[59,153167,153168],{"class":3678},"        # 0\n",[59,153170,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153172,715],{"class":135},[59,153174,139],{"class":73},[59,153176,5366],{"class":142},[59,153178,358],{"class":73},[59,153180,157],{"class":142},[59,153182,139],{"class":73},[59,153184,2159],{"class":178},[59,153186,87],{"class":73},[59,153188,5506],{"class":178},[59,153190,5369],{"class":73},[59,153192,50756],{"class":3678},[59,153194,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,153196,715],{"class":135},[59,153198,139],{"class":73},[59,153200,5366],{"class":142},[59,153202,358],{"class":73},[59,153204,157],{"class":142},[59,153206,139],{"class":73},[59,153208,2159],{"class":178},[59,153210,87],{"class":73},[59,153212,2469],{"class":178},[59,153214,87],{"class":73},[59,153216,4621],{"class":178},[59,153218,5369],{"class":73},[59,153220,50739],{"class":3678},[1127,153222,153224],{"id":153223},"how-it-works","How it works",[29,153226,153227,153232,153237],{},[32,153228,153229,153231],{},[15,153230,407],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[32,153233,153234,153236],{},[15,153235,52465],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[32,153238,2005,153239,153241],{},[15,153240,52465],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153243,239],{},[50,153245,153247],{"className":52,"code":153246,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153248,153249,153277,153281],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153250,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153252,3837],{"class":65},[59,153254,70],{"class":69},[59,153256,747],{"class":73},[59,153258,2159],{"class":178},[59,153260,87],{"class":73},[59,153262,741],{"class":178},[59,153264,87],{"class":73},[59,153266,4621],{"class":178},[59,153268,87],{"class":73},[59,153270,676],{"class":178},[59,153272,87],{"class":73},[59,153274,4621],{"class":178},[59,153276,165],{"class":73},[59,153278,153279],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153280,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153282,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153284,715],{"class":135},[59,153286,139],{"class":73},[59,153288,5366],{"class":142},[59,153290,358],{"class":73},[59,153292,157],{"class":142},[59,153294,139],{"class":73},[59,153296,2159],{"class":178},[59,153298,87],{"class":73},[59,153300,5506],{"class":178},[59,153302,87],{"class":73},[59,153304,2475],{"class":178},[59,153306,710],{"class":73},[20,153308,168],{},[50,153310,153311],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,153312,153313],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153314,153315],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153316,17056],{"class":178},[20,153318,153319,153320,1208,153322,17072,153324,153326,153327,358],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153321,187],{},[15,153323,195],{},[15,153325,950],{},", but not ",[15,153328,2522],{},[45,153330,153332],{"id":153331},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153334,153335,153336,1002],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153337,149002],{},[29,153339,153340,153348,153353,153360],{},[32,153341,153342,153343,153345,153346],{},"Do not confuse the ",[549,153344,1217],{}," with the ",[549,153347,157],{},[32,153349,153350,153351],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153352,179],{},[32,153354,201,153355,153359],{},[354,153356,149028,153357,10742],{"href":149080},[15,153358,57096],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[32,153361,153362,153363,153365],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153364,152892],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153367,153368],{},"Example of value vs index:",[50,153370,153372],{"className":52,"code":153371,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153373,153374,153406,153410,153434],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153375,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153377,579],{"class":65},[59,153379,70],{"class":69},[59,153381,747],{"class":73},[59,153383,78],{"class":77},[59,153385,588],{"class":81},[59,153387,78],{"class":77},[59,153389,87],{"class":73},[59,153391,90],{"class":77},[59,153393,597],{"class":81},[59,153395,78],{"class":77},[59,153397,87],{"class":73},[59,153399,90],{"class":77},[59,153401,606],{"class":81},[59,153403,78],{"class":77},[59,153405,165],{"class":73},[59,153407,153408],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153409,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153411,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153413,715],{"class":135},[59,153415,139],{"class":73},[59,153417,634],{"class":142},[59,153419,358],{"class":73},[59,153421,157],{"class":142},[59,153423,139],{"class":73},[59,153425,78],{"class":77},[59,153427,597],{"class":81},[59,153429,78],{"class":77},[59,153431,5369],{"class":73},[59,153433,27770],{"class":3678},[59,153435,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153437,715],{"class":135},[59,153439,139],{"class":73},[59,153441,634],{"class":142},[59,153443,3914],{"class":73},[59,153445,187],{"class":178},[59,153447,20445],{"class":73},[59,153449,153450],{"class":3678},"               # banana\n",[20,153452,2199],{},[29,153454,153455,153459],{},[32,153456,153457,15247],{},[15,153458,65082],{},[32,153460,153461,153463],{},[15,153462,187],{}," is the index",[45,153465,1579],{"id":1578},[20,153467,105926,153468,1002],{},[15,153469,149002],{},[29,153471,153472,153475,153480,153485,153492],{},[32,153473,153474],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[32,153476,8456,153477,153479],{},[15,153478,58774],{}," to return all matching positions",[32,153481,153482,153483],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153484,179],{},[32,153486,153487,153488,4408,153490],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153489,407],{},[15,153491,52465],{},[32,153493,1605,153494,153496],{},[15,153495,149002],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1127,153498,60517],{"id":60516},[20,153500,94188],{},[50,153502,153504],{"className":52,"code":153503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153505,153506,153516,153530,153545,153563],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153507,153508,153510,153512,153514],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153509,715],{"class":135},[59,153511,139],{"class":73},[59,153513,147815],{"class":142},[59,153515,165],{"class":73},[59,153517,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153519,715],{"class":135},[59,153521,139],{"class":73},[59,153523,11163],{"class":135},[59,153525,139],{"class":73},[59,153527,147815],{"class":142},[59,153529,710],{"class":73},[59,153531,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153543],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153533,715],{"class":135},[59,153535,139],{"class":73},[59,153537,2464],{"class":142},[59,153539,132],{"class":120},[59,153541,153542],{"class":142}," my_tuple",[59,153544,165],{"class":73},[59,153546,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153548,715],{"class":135},[59,153550,139],{"class":73},[59,153552,147815],{"class":142},[59,153554,358],{"class":73},[59,153556,41059],{"class":142},[59,153558,139],{"class":73},[59,153560,1217],{"class":142},[59,153562,710],{"class":73},[59,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,153566,715],{"class":135},[59,153568,139],{"class":73},[59,153570,147815],{"class":142},[59,153572,358],{"class":73},[59,153574,157],{"class":142},[59,153576,139],{"class":73},[59,153578,1217],{"class":142},[59,153580,710],{"class":73},[20,153582,153583,153584,84205,153586,153588],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153585,40503],{},[15,153587,1217],{}," is missing.",[20,153590,129432],{},[50,153592,153594],{"className":52,"code":153593,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153595,153596,153608,153626,153632],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153597,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153599,7004],{"class":120},[59,153601,1173],{"class":65},[59,153603,132],{"class":69},[59,153605,153542],{"class":65},[59,153607,1561],{"class":73},[59,153609,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622,153624],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153611,152],{"class":135},[59,153613,139],{"class":73},[59,153615,147815],{"class":142},[59,153617,358],{"class":73},[59,153619,157],{"class":142},[59,153621,139],{"class":73},[59,153623,1217],{"class":142},[59,153625,710],{"class":73},[59,153627,153628,153630],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153629,27424],{"class":120},[59,153631,1561],{"class":73},[59,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153635,152],{"class":135},[59,153637,139],{"class":73},[59,153639,78],{"class":77},[59,153641,153067],{"class":81},[59,153643,78],{"class":77},[59,153645,165],{"class":73},[45,153647,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,153649,1872,153651,12718],{"id":153650},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153652,149002],{},[20,153654,153655],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1127,153657,153659],{"id":153658},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153661,153662,152529],{},[15,153663,149002],{},[1127,153665,148981],{"id":148980},[20,153667,76666,153668,358],{},[15,153669,40503],{},[1127,153671,153673],{"id":153672},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153675,153676,153677,4408,153679,153681],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153678,407],{},[15,153680,52465],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1127,153683,14903,153685,57011,153687,1905],{"id":153684},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153686,149002],{},[15,153688,64673],{},[20,153690,153691],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[45,153693,1927],{"id":1926},[29,153695,153696,153702,153706,153711,153715],{},[32,153697,153698],{},[354,153699,149028,153700,10742],{"href":149080},[15,153701,57096],{},[32,153703,153704],{},[354,153705,149470],{"href":152896},[32,153707,153708],{},[354,153709,153710],{"href":150776},"Creating a tuple in Python",[32,153712,153713],{},[354,153714,65647],{"href":65646},[32,153716,153717],{},[354,153718,150724],{"href":152534},[1953,153720,153721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362,"children":153728},[153729],{"id":17394,"depth":117,"text":17395},{"id":103187,"depth":110,"text":103188},{"id":152871,"depth":110,"text":152872},{"id":65437,"depth":110,"text":65438},{"id":65214,"depth":110,"text":65997,"children":153734},[153735],{"id":153223,"depth":117,"text":153224},{"id":153331,"depth":110,"text":153332},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579,"children":153738},[153739],{"id":60516,"depth":117,"text":60517},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":153741},[153742,153744,153745,153746,153747],{"id":153650,"depth":117,"text":153743},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153658,"depth":117,"text":153659},{"id":148980,"depth":117,"text":148981},{"id":153672,"depth":117,"text":153673},{"id":153684,"depth":117,"text":153748},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152336,"description":153750},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153757,"title":153758,"body":153759,"description":155154,"extension":1988,"meta":155155,"navigation":113,"path":152896,"seo":155156,"stem":155157,"__hash__":155158},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153760,"toc":155136},[153761,153764,153767,153770,153784,153786,153789,153883,153893,153899,153903,153906,153909,153911,153929,153931,154002,154004,154021,154025,154029,154032,154049,154052,154067,154069,154160,154163,154167,154170,154187,154189,154284,154287,154290,154294,154297,154391,154393,154412,154415,154419,154422,154424,154479,154481,154516,154519,154533,154541,154634,154643,154647,154650,154657,154660,154707,154709,154717,154720,154771,154773,154790,154795,154799,154802,154805,154807,154858,154861,154916,154919,154922,154924,154927,154947,154949,155022,155025,155038,155040,155044,155049,155053,155058,155075,155079,155082,155099,155103,155106,155108,155133],[10,153762,153758],{"id":153763},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153765,153766],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153768,153769],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[29,153771,153772,153775,153778,153781],{},[32,153773,153774],{},"positive indexes",[32,153776,153777],{},"negative indexes",[32,153779,153780],{},"common indexing mistakes",[32,153782,153783],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[45,153785,3624],{"id":3623},[20,153787,153788],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[50,153790,153792],{"className":52,"code":153791,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153793,153794,153826,153830,153847,153864],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153795,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153797,66],{"class":65},[59,153799,70],{"class":69},[59,153801,747],{"class":73},[59,153803,78],{"class":77},[59,153805,82],{"class":81},[59,153807,78],{"class":77},[59,153809,87],{"class":73},[59,153811,90],{"class":77},[59,153813,93],{"class":81},[59,153815,78],{"class":77},[59,153817,87],{"class":73},[59,153819,90],{"class":77},[59,153821,102],{"class":81},[59,153823,78],{"class":77},[59,153825,165],{"class":73},[59,153827,153828],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153829,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153831,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153833,715],{"class":135},[59,153835,139],{"class":73},[59,153837,143],{"class":142},[59,153839,3914],{"class":73},[59,153841,179],{"class":178},[59,153843,20445],{"class":73},[59,153845,153846],{"class":3678},"   # red\n",[59,153848,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153850,715],{"class":135},[59,153852,139],{"class":73},[59,153854,143],{"class":142},[59,153856,3914],{"class":73},[59,153858,187],{"class":178},[59,153860,20445],{"class":73},[59,153862,153863],{"class":3678},"   # green\n",[59,153865,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,153867,715],{"class":135},[59,153869,139],{"class":73},[59,153871,143],{"class":142},[59,153873,3914],{"class":73},[59,153875,2047],{"class":69},[59,153877,187],{"class":178},[59,153879,20445],{"class":73},[59,153881,153882],{"class":3678},"  # blue\n",[29,153884,153885,153890],{},[32,153886,132221,153887,153889],{},[15,153888,179],{}," is the first item.",[32,153891,153892],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153894,153895,153896,358],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[354,153897,153898],{"href":147800},"how to create a tuple in Python",[45,153900,153902],{"id":153901},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153904,153905],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153907,153908],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153910,11461],{},[29,153912,153913,153916,153923,153926],{},[32,153914,153915],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[32,153917,153918,153919,18962,153921],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153920,179],{},[15,153922,187],{},[32,153924,153925],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[32,153927,153928],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153930,239],{},[50,153932,153934],{"className":52,"code":153933,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153935,153936,153956,153960,153974,153988],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,153937,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,153939,664],{"class":65},[59,153941,70],{"class":69},[59,153943,747],{"class":73},[59,153945,671],{"class":178},[59,153947,87],{"class":73},[59,153949,676],{"class":178},[59,153951,87],{"class":73},[59,153953,681],{"class":178},[59,153955,165],{"class":73},[59,153957,153958],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,153959,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,153961,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,153963,715],{"class":135},[59,153965,139],{"class":73},[59,153967,707],{"class":142},[59,153969,3914],{"class":73},[59,153971,179],{"class":178},[59,153973,3902],{"class":73},[59,153975,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,153977,715],{"class":135},[59,153979,139],{"class":73},[59,153981,707],{"class":142},[59,153983,3914],{"class":73},[59,153985,187],{"class":178},[59,153987,3902],{"class":73},[59,153989,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,153991,715],{"class":135},[59,153993,139],{"class":73},[59,153995,707],{"class":142},[59,153997,3914],{"class":73},[59,153999,195],{"class":178},[59,154001,3902],{"class":73},[20,154003,168],{},[50,154005,154007],{"className":52,"code":154006,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154008,154009,154013,154017],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154010,154011],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154012,2393],{"class":178},[59,154014,154015],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154016,71032],{"class":178},[59,154018,154019],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154020,69648],{"class":178},[20,154022,59199,154023,358],{},[354,154024,147797],{"href":147796},[45,154026,154028],{"id":154027},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154030,154031],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[29,154033,154034,154039,154044],{},[32,154035,154036,154038],{},[15,154037,179],{}," = first item",[32,154040,154041,154043],{},[15,154042,187],{}," = second item",[32,154045,154046,154048],{},[15,154047,195],{}," = third item",[20,154050,154051],{},"Pattern:",[50,154053,154055],{"className":52,"code":154054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154056,154057],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154058,154059,154061,154063,154065],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154060,152552],{"class":65},[59,154062,3914],{"class":73},[59,154064,157],{"class":65},[59,154066,107],{"class":73},[20,154068,239],{},[50,154070,154072],{"className":52,"code":154071,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154073,154074,154106,154110,154127,154143],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154075,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154077,579],{"class":65},[59,154079,70],{"class":69},[59,154081,747],{"class":73},[59,154083,78],{"class":77},[59,154085,588],{"class":81},[59,154087,78],{"class":77},[59,154089,87],{"class":73},[59,154091,90],{"class":77},[59,154093,597],{"class":81},[59,154095,78],{"class":77},[59,154097,87],{"class":73},[59,154099,90],{"class":77},[59,154101,4110],{"class":81},[59,154103,78],{"class":77},[59,154105,165],{"class":73},[59,154107,154108],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154109,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154111,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154113,715],{"class":135},[59,154115,139],{"class":73},[59,154117,634],{"class":142},[59,154119,3914],{"class":73},[59,154121,179],{"class":178},[59,154123,20445],{"class":73},[59,154125,154126],{"class":3678},"  # apple\n",[59,154128,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,154130,715],{"class":135},[59,154132,139],{"class":73},[59,154134,634],{"class":142},[59,154136,3914],{"class":73},[59,154138,187],{"class":178},[59,154140,20445],{"class":73},[59,154142,51290],{"class":3678},[59,154144,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,154146,715],{"class":135},[59,154148,139],{"class":73},[59,154150,634],{"class":142},[59,154152,3914],{"class":73},[59,154154,195],{"class":178},[59,154156,20445],{"class":73},[59,154158,154159],{"class":3678},"  # cherry\n",[20,154161,154162],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[45,154164,154166],{"id":154165},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154168,154169],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[29,154171,154172,154177,154182],{},[32,154173,154174,154176],{},[15,154175,65662],{}," = last item",[32,154178,154179,154181],{},[15,154180,95218],{}," = second-to-last item",[32,154183,154184,154186],{},[15,154185,47473],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154188,239],{},[50,154190,154192],{"className":52,"code":154191,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154193,154194,154226,154230,154248,154266],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154195,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154197,579],{"class":65},[59,154199,70],{"class":69},[59,154201,747],{"class":73},[59,154203,78],{"class":77},[59,154205,588],{"class":81},[59,154207,78],{"class":77},[59,154209,87],{"class":73},[59,154211,90],{"class":77},[59,154213,597],{"class":81},[59,154215,78],{"class":77},[59,154217,87],{"class":73},[59,154219,90],{"class":77},[59,154221,4110],{"class":81},[59,154223,78],{"class":77},[59,154225,165],{"class":73},[59,154227,154228],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154229,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154231,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154233,715],{"class":135},[59,154235,139],{"class":73},[59,154237,634],{"class":142},[59,154239,3914],{"class":73},[59,154241,2047],{"class":69},[59,154243,187],{"class":178},[59,154245,20445],{"class":73},[59,154247,154159],{"class":3678},[59,154249,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,154251,715],{"class":135},[59,154253,139],{"class":73},[59,154255,634],{"class":142},[59,154257,3914],{"class":73},[59,154259,2047],{"class":69},[59,154261,195],{"class":178},[59,154263,20445],{"class":73},[59,154265,51290],{"class":3678},[59,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,154269,715],{"class":135},[59,154271,139],{"class":73},[59,154273,634],{"class":142},[59,154275,3914],{"class":73},[59,154277,2047],{"class":69},[59,154279,950],{"class":178},[59,154281,20445],{"class":73},[59,154283,154126],{"class":3678},[20,154285,154286],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154288,154289],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[45,154291,154293],{"id":154292},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154295,154296],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[50,154298,154300],{"className":52,"code":154299,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154301,154302,154334,154338,154355,154372],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154303,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154305,249],{"class":65},[59,154307,70],{"class":69},[59,154309,747],{"class":73},[59,154311,78],{"class":77},[59,154313,258],{"class":81},[59,154315,78],{"class":77},[59,154317,87],{"class":73},[59,154319,90],{"class":77},[59,154321,267],{"class":81},[59,154323,78],{"class":77},[59,154325,87],{"class":73},[59,154327,90],{"class":77},[59,154329,276],{"class":81},[59,154331,78],{"class":77},[59,154333,165],{"class":73},[59,154335,154336],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154337,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154339,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154341,715],{"class":135},[59,154343,139],{"class":73},[59,154345,304],{"class":142},[59,154347,3914],{"class":73},[59,154349,179],{"class":178},[59,154351,20445],{"class":73},[59,154353,154354],{"class":3678},"   # first item\n",[59,154356,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,154358,715],{"class":135},[59,154360,139],{"class":73},[59,154362,304],{"class":142},[59,154364,3914],{"class":73},[59,154366,187],{"class":178},[59,154368,20445],{"class":73},[59,154370,154371],{"class":3678},"   # middle item\n",[59,154373,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,154375,715],{"class":135},[59,154377,139],{"class":73},[59,154379,304],{"class":142},[59,154381,3914],{"class":73},[59,154383,2047],{"class":69},[59,154385,187],{"class":178},[59,154387,20445],{"class":73},[59,154389,154390],{"class":3678},"  # last item\n",[20,154392,168],{},[50,154394,154396],{"className":52,"code":154395,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154397,154398,154402,154407],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154399,154400],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154401,49843],{"class":65},[59,154403,154404],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154405,154406],{"class":65},"Ben\n",[59,154408,154409],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154410,154411],{"class":65},"Cara\n",[20,154413,154414],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[45,154416,154418],{"id":154417},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154420,154421],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154423,239],{},[50,154425,154427],{"className":52,"code":154426,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154428,154429,154461,154465],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154430,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154432,425],{"class":65},[59,154434,70],{"class":69},[59,154436,747],{"class":73},[59,154438,78],{"class":77},[59,154440,354],{"class":81},[59,154442,78],{"class":77},[59,154444,87],{"class":73},[59,154446,90],{"class":77},[59,154448,442],{"class":81},[59,154450,78],{"class":77},[59,154452,87],{"class":73},[59,154454,90],{"class":77},[59,154456,451],{"class":81},[59,154458,78],{"class":77},[59,154460,165],{"class":73},[59,154462,154463],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154464,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154466,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154468,715],{"class":135},[59,154470,139],{"class":73},[59,154472,480],{"class":142},[59,154474,3914],{"class":73},[59,154476,2159],{"class":178},[59,154478,3902],{"class":73},[20,154480,168],{},[50,154482,154484],{"className":52,"code":154483,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154485,154486,154498,154503],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154487,154488,154491,154493,154496],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154489,154490],{"class":142},"Traceback ",[59,154492,139],{"class":73},[59,154494,154495],{"class":142},"most recent call last",[59,154497,146],{"class":73},[59,154499,154500],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154501,154502],{"class":1784},"  ...\n",[59,154504,154505,154507,154509,154511,154514],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154506,70539],{"class":697},[59,154508,1002],{"class":73},[59,154510,149163],{"class":697},[59,154512,154513],{"class":65}," index out of ",[59,154515,70731],{"class":135},[20,154517,154518],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[29,154520,154521,154525,154529],{},[32,154522,154523],{},[15,154524,179],{},[32,154526,154527],{},[15,154528,187],{},[32,154530,154531],{},[15,154532,195],{},[20,154534,154535,154536,358],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[354,154537,154538,154540],{"href":149035},[15,154539,42161],{}," on a tuple",[50,154542,154544],{"className":52,"code":154543,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154545,154546,154578,154582,154598,154602,154620],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154547,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154549,425],{"class":65},[59,154551,70],{"class":69},[59,154553,747],{"class":73},[59,154555,78],{"class":77},[59,154557,354],{"class":81},[59,154559,78],{"class":77},[59,154561,87],{"class":73},[59,154563,90],{"class":77},[59,154565,442],{"class":81},[59,154567,78],{"class":77},[59,154569,87],{"class":73},[59,154571,90],{"class":77},[59,154573,451],{"class":81},[59,154575,78],{"class":77},[59,154577,165],{"class":73},[59,154579,154580],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154581,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154585,715],{"class":135},[59,154587,139],{"class":73},[59,154589,11163],{"class":135},[59,154591,139],{"class":73},[59,154593,480],{"class":142},[59,154595,5369],{"class":73},[59,154597,50574],{"class":3678},[59,154599,154600],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,154601,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154603,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,154605,7004],{"class":120},[59,154607,38184],{"class":135},[59,154609,139],{"class":73},[59,154611,480],{"class":142},[59,154613,3675],{"class":73},[59,154615,38194],{"class":69},[59,154617,3009],{"class":178},[59,154619,1561],{"class":73},[59,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,154623,152],{"class":135},[59,154625,139],{"class":73},[59,154627,480],{"class":142},[59,154629,3914],{"class":73},[59,154631,195],{"class":178},[59,154633,3902],{"class":73},[20,154635,154636,154637,358],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[354,154638,25669,154640],{"href":154639},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154641,154642],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[45,154644,154646],{"id":154645},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154648,154649],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,154651,154652,154654],{},[32,154653,76683],{},[32,154655,154656],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154658,154659],{},"Indexing example:",[50,154661,154663],{"className":52,"code":154662,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154664,154665,154689,154693],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154666,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154668,664],{"class":65},[59,154670,70],{"class":69},[59,154672,747],{"class":73},[59,154674,671],{"class":178},[59,154676,87],{"class":73},[59,154678,676],{"class":178},[59,154680,87],{"class":73},[59,154682,681],{"class":178},[59,154684,87],{"class":73},[59,154686,50647],{"class":178},[59,154688,165],{"class":73},[59,154690,154691],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154692,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154696,715],{"class":135},[59,154698,139],{"class":73},[59,154700,707],{"class":142},[59,154702,3914],{"class":73},[59,154704,187],{"class":178},[59,154706,3902],{"class":73},[20,154708,168],{},[50,154710,154711],{"className":52,"code":71032,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,154712,154713],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154714,154715],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154716,71032],{"class":178},[20,154718,154719],{},"Slicing example:",[50,154721,154723],{"className":52,"code":154722,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154724,154725,154749,154753],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154726,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154728,664],{"class":65},[59,154730,70],{"class":69},[59,154732,747],{"class":73},[59,154734,671],{"class":178},[59,154736,87],{"class":73},[59,154738,676],{"class":178},[59,154740,87],{"class":73},[59,154742,681],{"class":178},[59,154744,87],{"class":73},[59,154746,50647],{"class":178},[59,154748,165],{"class":73},[59,154750,154751],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154752,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,154754,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154756,715],{"class":135},[59,154758,139],{"class":73},[59,154760,707],{"class":142},[59,154762,3914],{"class":73},[59,154764,187],{"class":178},[59,154766,1002],{"class":73},[59,154768,950],{"class":178},[59,154770,3902],{"class":73},[20,154772,168],{},[50,154774,154776],{"className":52,"code":154775,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154777,154778],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154779,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154781,139],{"class":73},[59,154783,1222],{"class":178},[59,154785,87],{"class":73},[59,154787,681],{"class":178},[59,154789,165],{"class":73},[20,154791,154792,154793,358],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[354,154794,150714],{"href":150713},[45,154796,154798],{"id":154797},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154800,154801],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154803,154804],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154806,1241],{},[50,154808,154810],{"className":52,"code":154809,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154811,154812,154844],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154813,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154815,66],{"class":65},[59,154817,70],{"class":69},[59,154819,747],{"class":73},[59,154821,78],{"class":77},[59,154823,82],{"class":81},[59,154825,78],{"class":77},[59,154827,87],{"class":73},[59,154829,90],{"class":77},[59,154831,93],{"class":81},[59,154833,78],{"class":77},[59,154835,87],{"class":73},[59,154837,90],{"class":77},[59,154839,102],{"class":81},[59,154841,78],{"class":77},[59,154843,165],{"class":73},[59,154845,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154847,715],{"class":135},[59,154849,139],{"class":73},[59,154851,143],{"class":142},[59,154853,3914],{"class":73},[59,154855,187],{"class":178},[59,154857,3902],{"class":73},[20,154859,154860],{},"But this does not work:",[50,154862,154864],{"className":52,"code":154863,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154865,154866,154898],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154867,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154869,66],{"class":65},[59,154871,70],{"class":69},[59,154873,747],{"class":73},[59,154875,78],{"class":77},[59,154877,82],{"class":81},[59,154879,78],{"class":77},[59,154881,87],{"class":73},[59,154883,90],{"class":77},[59,154885,93],{"class":81},[59,154887,78],{"class":77},[59,154889,87],{"class":73},[59,154891,90],{"class":77},[59,154893,102],{"class":81},[59,154895,78],{"class":77},[59,154897,165],{"class":73},[59,154899,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154901,143],{"class":65},[59,154903,3914],{"class":73},[59,154905,187],{"class":178},[59,154907,13272],{"class":73},[59,154909,13275],{"class":69},[59,154911,90],{"class":77},[59,154913,22519],{"class":81},[59,154915,3374],{"class":77},[20,154917,154918],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154920,154921],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[45,154923,1579],{"id":1578},[20,154925,154926],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[29,154928,154929,154935,154938,154941],{},[32,154930,132525,154931,999,154933],{},[15,154932,187],{},[15,154934,179],{},[32,154936,154937],{},"Using an index that is too large",[32,154939,154940],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[32,154942,154943,154944],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154945,154946],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154948,62102],{},[50,154950,154952],{"className":52,"code":154951,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154953,154954,154964,154978,154992,155008],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,154955,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,154957,715],{"class":135},[59,154959,139],{"class":73},[59,154961,147815],{"class":142},[59,154963,165],{"class":73},[59,154965,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,154967,715],{"class":135},[59,154969,139],{"class":73},[59,154971,11163],{"class":135},[59,154973,139],{"class":73},[59,154975,147815],{"class":142},[59,154977,710],{"class":73},[59,154979,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,154981,715],{"class":135},[59,154983,139],{"class":73},[59,154985,147815],{"class":142},[59,154987,3914],{"class":73},[59,154989,179],{"class":178},[59,154991,3902],{"class":73},[59,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,154995,715],{"class":135},[59,154997,139],{"class":73},[59,154999,147815],{"class":142},[59,155001,3914],{"class":73},[59,155003,2047],{"class":69},[59,155005,187],{"class":178},[59,155007,3902],{"class":73},[59,155009,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,155011,715],{"class":135},[59,155013,139],{"class":73},[59,155015,3239],{"class":697},[59,155017,139],{"class":73},[59,155019,147815],{"class":142},[59,155021,710],{"class":73},[20,155023,155024],{},"These can help you confirm:",[29,155026,155027,155030,155032,155035],{},[32,155028,155029],{},"what the tuple contains",[32,155031,60591],{},[32,155033,155034],{},"what the first and last items are",[32,155036,155037],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[45,155039,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,155041,155043],{"id":155042},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155045,155046,155047,358],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155048,179],{},[1127,155050,155052],{"id":155051},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155054,201,155055,155057],{},[15,155056,65662],{}," as the index:",[50,155059,155061],{"className":52,"code":155060,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155062,155063],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155064,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155066,147815],{"class":65},[59,155068,3914],{"class":73},[59,155070,2047],{"class":69},[59,155072,187],{"class":178},[59,155074,107],{"class":73},[1127,155076,155078],{"id":155077},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155080,155081],{},"Python raises:",[50,155083,155085],{"className":52,"code":155084,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155086,155087],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155088,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155090,70539],{"class":697},[59,155092,1002],{"class":73},[59,155094,149163],{"class":697},[59,155096,154513],{"class":65},[59,155098,70731],{"class":135},[1127,155100,155102],{"id":155101},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155104,155105],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[45,155107,1927],{"id":1926},[29,155109,155110,155115,155119,155123,155129],{},[32,155111,155112],{},[354,155113,155114],{"href":147800},"How to create a tuple in Python",[32,155116,155117],{},[354,155118,150714],{"href":150713},[32,155120,155121],{},[354,155122,150719],{"href":149035},[32,155124,155125],{},[354,155126,26112,155127],{"href":154639},[15,155128,154642],{},[32,155130,155131],{},[354,155132,147797],{"href":147796},[1953,155134,155135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":155137},[155138,155139,155140,155141,155142,155143,155144,155145,155146,155147,155153],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":153901,"depth":110,"text":153902},{"id":154027,"depth":110,"text":154028},{"id":154165,"depth":110,"text":154166},{"id":154292,"depth":110,"text":154293},{"id":154417,"depth":110,"text":154418},{"id":154645,"depth":110,"text":154646},{"id":154797,"depth":110,"text":154798},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":155148},[155149,155150,155151,155152],{"id":155042,"depth":117,"text":155043},{"id":155051,"depth":117,"text":155052},{"id":155077,"depth":117,"text":155078},{"id":155101,"depth":117,"text":155102},{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153758,"description":155154},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155160,"title":155161,"body":155162,"description":157051,"extension":1988,"meta":157052,"navigation":113,"path":157053,"seo":157054,"stem":157055,"__hash__":157056},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155163,"toc":157008},[155164,155170,155175,155226,155230,155238,155244,155246,155262,155264,155267,155282,155284,155297,155299,155356,155360,155368,155375,155381,155387,155391,155442,155446,155454,155458,155487,155491,155499,155503,155536,155540,155548,155552,155555,155606,155610,155618,155620,155637,155641,155645,155704,155708,155716,155719,155746,155750,155758,155762,155768,155843,155847,155884,155892,155896,155959,155963,155971,155976,155980,155986,156029,156033,156041,156047,156050,156097,156101,156109,156118,156124,156179,156183,156191,156194,156198,156200,156231,156235,156254,156257,156302,156306,156329,156335,156340,156342,156389,156394,156397,156445,156449,156457,156461,156466,156470,156520,156524,156539,156543,156601,156605,156620,156624,156695,156699,156708,156712,156791,156795,156817,156825,156827,156830,156855,156857,156910,156912,156929,156931,156935,156941,156946,156951,156955,156960,156964,156969,156975,156978,156980,157005],[10,155165,155167,155168,3675],{"id":155166},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155169,11163],{},[20,155171,201,155172,155174],{},[15,155173,42161],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[50,155176,155178],{"className":52,"code":155177,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155179,155180,155212],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155181,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208,155210],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155183,66],{"class":65},[59,155185,70],{"class":69},[59,155187,747],{"class":73},[59,155189,78],{"class":77},[59,155191,82],{"class":81},[59,155193,78],{"class":77},[59,155195,87],{"class":73},[59,155197,90],{"class":77},[59,155199,93],{"class":81},[59,155201,78],{"class":77},[59,155203,87],{"class":73},[59,155205,90],{"class":77},[59,155207,102],{"class":81},[59,155209,78],{"class":77},[59,155211,165],{"class":73},[59,155213,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155215,715],{"class":135},[59,155217,139],{"class":73},[59,155219,11163],{"class":135},[59,155221,139],{"class":73},[59,155223,143],{"class":142},[59,155225,710],{"class":73},[20,155227,155228],{},[549,155229,168],{},[50,155231,155232],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155233,155234],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155235,155236],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155237,46419],{"class":178},[20,155239,201,155240,155243],{},[15,155241,155242],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[45,155245,15163],{"id":15162},[29,155247,155248,155253,155257,155260],{},[32,155249,4212,155250,155252],{},[15,155251,42161],{}," works with tuples",[32,155254,68066,155255,542],{},[15,155256,42161],{},[32,155258,155259],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[32,155261,4534],{},[45,155263,362],{"id":361},[20,155265,155266],{},"Use this pattern:",[50,155268,155270],{"className":52,"code":155269,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155271,155272],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155273,155274,155276,155278,155280],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155275,11163],{"class":135},[59,155277,139],{"class":73},[59,155279,147815],{"class":142},[59,155281,165],{"class":73},[20,155283,11461],{},[29,155285,155286,155289,155292],{},[32,155287,155288],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[32,155290,155291],{},"The result is an integer",[32,155293,155294,155296],{},[15,155295,42161],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155298,239],{},[50,155300,155302],{"className":52,"code":155301,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155303,155304,155328,155342,155346],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155305,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155307,664],{"class":65},[59,155309,70],{"class":69},[59,155311,747],{"class":73},[59,155313,671],{"class":178},[59,155315,87],{"class":73},[59,155317,676],{"class":178},[59,155319,87],{"class":73},[59,155321,681],{"class":178},[59,155323,87],{"class":73},[59,155325,50647],{"class":178},[59,155327,165],{"class":73},[59,155329,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155331,41041],{"class":65},[59,155333,70],{"class":69},[59,155335,38184],{"class":135},[59,155337,139],{"class":73},[59,155339,707],{"class":142},[59,155341,165],{"class":73},[59,155343,155344],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,155345,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,155347,155348,155350,155352,155354],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,155349,715],{"class":135},[59,155351,139],{"class":73},[59,155353,41059],{"class":142},[59,155355,165],{"class":73},[20,155357,155358],{},[549,155359,168],{},[50,155361,155362],{"className":52,"code":48453,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155363,155364],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155365,155366],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155367,48453],{"class":178},[20,155369,155370,155371,358],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[354,155372,13,155373,536],{"href":42158},[15,155374,42161],{},[45,155376,208,155378,155380],{"id":155377},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155379,42161],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155382,155383,155384,155386],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155385,42161],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1127,155388,155390],{"id":155389},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[50,155392,155394],{"className":52,"code":155393,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155395,155396,155428],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155397,155398,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408,155410,155412,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155399,579],{"class":65},[59,155401,70],{"class":69},[59,155403,747],{"class":73},[59,155405,78],{"class":77},[59,155407,588],{"class":81},[59,155409,78],{"class":77},[59,155411,87],{"class":73},[59,155413,90],{"class":77},[59,155415,597],{"class":81},[59,155417,78],{"class":77},[59,155419,87],{"class":73},[59,155421,90],{"class":77},[59,155423,606],{"class":81},[59,155425,78],{"class":77},[59,155427,165],{"class":73},[59,155429,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155431,715],{"class":135},[59,155433,139],{"class":73},[59,155435,11163],{"class":135},[59,155437,139],{"class":73},[59,155439,634],{"class":142},[59,155441,710],{"class":73},[20,155443,155444],{},[549,155445,168],{},[50,155447,155448],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155449,155450],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155451,155452],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155453,46419],{"class":178},[1127,155455,155457],{"id":155456},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[50,155459,155461],{"className":52,"code":155460,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155462,155463,155472],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155464,155465,155468,155470],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155466,155467],{"class":65},"empty_tuple ",[59,155469,70],{"class":69},[59,155471,149139],{"class":73},[59,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155485],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155475,715],{"class":135},[59,155477,139],{"class":73},[59,155479,11163],{"class":135},[59,155481,139],{"class":73},[59,155483,155484],{"class":142},"empty_tuple",[59,155486,710],{"class":73},[20,155488,155489],{},[549,155490,168],{},[50,155492,155493],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155494,155495],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155496,155497],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155498,47054],{"class":178},[1127,155500,155502],{"id":155501},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[50,155504,155506],{"className":52,"code":155505,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155507,155508,155521],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155509,155510,155513,155515,155517,155519],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155511,155512],{"class":65},"single_value ",[59,155514,70],{"class":69},[59,155516,747],{"class":73},[59,155518,2159],{"class":178},[59,155520,149153],{"class":73},[59,155522,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531,155534],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155524,715],{"class":135},[59,155526,139],{"class":73},[59,155528,11163],{"class":135},[59,155530,139],{"class":73},[59,155532,155533],{"class":142},"single_value",[59,155535,710],{"class":73},[20,155537,155538],{},[549,155539,168],{},[50,155541,155542],{"className":52,"code":46719,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155543,155544],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155545,155546],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155547,46719],{"class":178},[1127,155549,155551],{"id":155550},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155553,155554],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[50,155556,155558],{"className":52,"code":155557,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155559,155560,155592],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155561,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155563,9170],{"class":65},[59,155565,70],{"class":69},[59,155567,747],{"class":73},[59,155569,187],{"class":178},[59,155571,87],{"class":73},[59,155573,747],{"class":73},[59,155575,195],{"class":178},[59,155577,87],{"class":73},[59,155579,2469],{"class":178},[59,155581,744],{"class":73},[59,155583,74],{"class":73},[59,155585,2522],{"class":178},[59,155587,87],{"class":73},[59,155589,4621],{"class":178},[59,155591,3902],{"class":73},[59,155593,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155595,715],{"class":135},[59,155597,139],{"class":73},[59,155599,11163],{"class":135},[59,155601,139],{"class":73},[59,155603,9208],{"class":142},[59,155605,710],{"class":73},[20,155607,155608],{},[549,155609,168],{},[50,155611,155612],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155613,155614],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155615,155616],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155617,46419],{"class":178},[20,155619,19956],{},[29,155621,155622,155627,155632],{},[32,155623,155624,155626],{},[15,155625,187],{}," is one item",[32,155628,155629,155626],{},[15,155630,155631],{},"(2, 3)",[32,155633,155634,155626],{},[15,155635,155636],{},"[4, 5]",[45,155638,155640],{"id":155639},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1127,155642,155644],{"id":155643},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[50,155646,155648],{"className":52,"code":155647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155649,155650,155690],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155651,155652,155654,155656,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155653,66],{"class":65},[59,155655,70],{"class":69},[59,155657,747],{"class":73},[59,155659,78],{"class":77},[59,155661,82],{"class":81},[59,155663,78],{"class":77},[59,155665,87],{"class":73},[59,155667,90],{"class":77},[59,155669,93],{"class":81},[59,155671,78],{"class":77},[59,155673,87],{"class":73},[59,155675,90],{"class":77},[59,155677,102],{"class":81},[59,155679,78],{"class":77},[59,155681,87],{"class":73},[59,155683,90],{"class":77},[59,155685,22519],{"class":81},[59,155687,78],{"class":77},[59,155689,165],{"class":73},[59,155691,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155693,715],{"class":135},[59,155695,139],{"class":73},[59,155697,11163],{"class":135},[59,155699,139],{"class":73},[59,155701,143],{"class":142},[59,155703,710],{"class":73},[20,155705,155706],{},[549,155707,168],{},[50,155709,155710],{"className":52,"code":48453,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155711,155712],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155713,155714],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155715,48453],{"class":178},[1127,155717,155457],{"id":155718},"empty-tuple-1",[50,155720,155722],{"className":52,"code":155721,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155723,155724,155732],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155725,155726,155728,155730],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155727,1251],{"class":65},[59,155729,70],{"class":69},[59,155731,149139],{"class":73},[59,155733,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155735,715],{"class":135},[59,155737,139],{"class":73},[59,155739,11163],{"class":135},[59,155741,139],{"class":73},[59,155743,1297],{"class":142},[59,155745,710],{"class":73},[20,155747,155748],{},[549,155749,168],{},[50,155751,155752],{"className":52,"code":47054,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155753,155754],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155755,155756],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155757,47054],{"class":178},[1127,155759,155761],{"id":155760},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155763,155764,155765,155767],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[549,155766,4647],{}," always a tuple.",[50,155769,155771],{"className":52,"code":155770,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155772,155773,155785,155797,155801,155815,155829],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155774,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155776,2572],{"class":65},[59,155778,70],{"class":69},[59,155780,747],{"class":73},[59,155782,2159],{"class":178},[59,155784,165],{"class":73},[59,155786,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155788,2600],{"class":65},[59,155790,70],{"class":69},[59,155792,747],{"class":73},[59,155794,2159],{"class":178},[59,155796,149153],{"class":73},[59,155798,155799],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,155800,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,155802,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,155804,715],{"class":135},[59,155806,139],{"class":73},[59,155808,3239],{"class":697},[59,155810,139],{"class":73},[59,155812,354],{"class":142},[59,155814,710],{"class":73},[59,155816,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,155818,715],{"class":135},[59,155820,139],{"class":73},[59,155822,3239],{"class":697},[59,155824,139],{"class":73},[59,155826,442],{"class":142},[59,155828,710],{"class":73},[59,155830,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,155832,715],{"class":135},[59,155834,139],{"class":73},[59,155836,11163],{"class":135},[59,155838,139],{"class":73},[59,155840,442],{"class":142},[59,155842,710],{"class":73},[20,155844,155845],{},[549,155846,168],{},[50,155848,155850],{"className":52,"code":155849,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155851,155852,155866,155880],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155853,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155855,1769],{"class":69},[59,155857,3310],{"class":887},[59,155859,1734],{"class":77},[59,155861,2209],{"class":81},[59,155863,1725],{"class":77},[59,155865,1788],{"class":69},[59,155867,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155869,1769],{"class":69},[59,155871,3310],{"class":887},[59,155873,1734],{"class":77},[59,155875,48756],{"class":81},[59,155877,1725],{"class":77},[59,155879,1788],{"class":69},[59,155881,155882],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,155883,46719],{"class":178},[20,155885,155886,155887,4408,155890,358],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[354,155888,155889],{"href":147800},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[354,155891,149101],{"href":149100},[1127,155893,155895],{"id":155894},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[50,155897,155899],{"className":52,"code":155898,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155900,155901,155945],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155902,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155904,59279],{"class":65},[59,155906,70],{"class":69},[59,155908,747],{"class":73},[59,155910,78],{"class":77},[59,155912,588],{"class":81},[59,155914,78],{"class":77},[59,155916,87],{"class":73},[59,155918,74],{"class":73},[59,155920,187],{"class":178},[59,155922,87],{"class":73},[59,155924,3009],{"class":178},[59,155926,1697],{"class":73},[59,155928,747],{"class":73},[59,155930,78],{"class":77},[59,155932,1260],{"class":81},[59,155934,78],{"class":77},[59,155936,87],{"class":73},[59,155938,90],{"class":77},[59,155940,1269],{"class":81},[59,155942,78],{"class":77},[59,155944,710],{"class":73},[59,155946,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,155948,715],{"class":135},[59,155950,139],{"class":73},[59,155952,11163],{"class":135},[59,155954,139],{"class":73},[59,155956,59332],{"class":142},[59,155958,710],{"class":73},[20,155960,155961],{},[549,155962,168],{},[50,155964,155965],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,155966,155967],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155968,155969],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155970,46419],{"class":178},[20,155972,155973,155975],{},[15,155974,42161],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[45,155977,155979],{"id":155978},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1127,155981,155983,155985],{"id":155982},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155984,42161],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[50,155987,155989],{"className":52,"code":155988,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155990,155991,156015],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,155992,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,155994,4085],{"class":65},[59,155996,70],{"class":69},[59,155998,747],{"class":73},[59,156000,78],{"class":77},[59,156002,63403],{"class":81},[59,156004,78],{"class":77},[59,156006,87],{"class":73},[59,156008,90],{"class":77},[59,156010,54],{"class":81},[59,156012,78],{"class":77},[59,156014,165],{"class":73},[59,156016,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156018,715],{"class":135},[59,156020,139],{"class":73},[59,156022,11163],{"class":135},[59,156024,139],{"class":73},[59,156026,4127],{"class":142},[59,156028,710],{"class":73},[20,156030,156031],{},[549,156032,168],{},[50,156034,156035],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,156036,156037],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156038,156039],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156040,17056],{"class":178},[20,156042,156043,156044,156046],{},"This result is ",[15,156045,195],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156048,156049],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[50,156051,156053],{"className":52,"code":156052,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156054,156055,156079],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156056,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156058,4085],{"class":65},[59,156060,70],{"class":69},[59,156062,747],{"class":73},[59,156064,78],{"class":77},[59,156066,63403],{"class":81},[59,156068,78],{"class":77},[59,156070,87],{"class":73},[59,156072,90],{"class":77},[59,156074,54],{"class":81},[59,156076,78],{"class":77},[59,156078,165],{"class":73},[59,156080,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156082,715],{"class":135},[59,156084,139],{"class":73},[59,156086,11163],{"class":135},[59,156088,139],{"class":73},[59,156090,4127],{"class":142},[59,156092,3914],{"class":73},[59,156094,179],{"class":178},[59,156096,1642],{"class":73},[20,156098,156099],{},[549,156100,168],{},[50,156102,156103],{"className":52,"code":17056,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,156104,156105],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156106,156107],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156108,17056],{"class":178},[20,156110,20770,156111,156114,156115,358],{},[15,156112,156113],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156116,156117],{},"\"hi\"",[1127,156119,156121,156123],{"id":156120},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156122,42161],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[50,156125,156127],{"className":52,"code":156126,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156128,156129,156165],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156130,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156132,3837],{"class":65},[59,156134,70],{"class":69},[59,156136,9995],{"class":73},[59,156138,187],{"class":178},[59,156140,87],{"class":73},[59,156142,3009],{"class":178},[59,156144,744],{"class":73},[59,156146,747],{"class":73},[59,156148,950],{"class":178},[59,156150,87],{"class":73},[59,156152,2475],{"class":178},[59,156154,744],{"class":73},[59,156156,747],{"class":73},[59,156158,2159],{"class":178},[59,156160,87],{"class":73},[59,156162,37441],{"class":178},[59,156164,710],{"class":73},[59,156166,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156168,715],{"class":135},[59,156170,139],{"class":73},[59,156172,11163],{"class":135},[59,156174,139],{"class":73},[59,156176,5366],{"class":142},[59,156178,710],{"class":73},[20,156180,156181],{},[549,156182,168],{},[50,156184,156185],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,156186,156187],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156188,156189],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156190,46419],{"class":178},[20,156192,156193],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1127,156195,156197],{"id":156196},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156199,25680],{},[50,156201,156203],{"className":52,"code":156202,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156204,156205,156217],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156208,2464],{"class":65},[59,156210,70],{"class":69},[59,156212,747],{"class":73},[59,156214,671],{"class":178},[59,156216,165],{"class":73},[59,156218,156219,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156220,715],{"class":135},[59,156222,139],{"class":73},[59,156224,3239],{"class":697},[59,156226,139],{"class":73},[59,156228,1217],{"class":142},[59,156230,710],{"class":73},[20,156232,156233],{},[549,156234,168],{},[50,156236,156238],{"className":52,"code":156237,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156239,156240],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156241,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156243,1769],{"class":69},[59,156245,3310],{"class":887},[59,156247,1734],{"class":77},[59,156249,2209],{"class":81},[59,156251,1725],{"class":77},[59,156253,1788],{"class":69},[20,156255,156256],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[50,156258,156260],{"className":52,"code":156259,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156261,156262,156274,156288],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156265,2464],{"class":65},[59,156267,70],{"class":69},[59,156269,747],{"class":73},[59,156271,671],{"class":178},[59,156273,149153],{"class":73},[59,156275,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156277,715],{"class":135},[59,156279,139],{"class":73},[59,156281,3239],{"class":697},[59,156283,139],{"class":73},[59,156285,1217],{"class":142},[59,156287,710],{"class":73},[59,156289,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156291,715],{"class":135},[59,156293,139],{"class":73},[59,156295,11163],{"class":135},[59,156297,139],{"class":73},[59,156299,1217],{"class":142},[59,156301,710],{"class":73},[20,156303,156304],{},[549,156305,168],{},[50,156307,156309],{"className":52,"code":156308,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156310,156311,156325],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156312,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156314,1769],{"class":69},[59,156316,3310],{"class":887},[59,156318,1734],{"class":77},[59,156320,48756],{"class":81},[59,156322,1725],{"class":77},[59,156324,1788],{"class":69},[59,156326,156327],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156328,46719],{"class":178},[1127,156330,156332,156334],{"id":156331},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156333,11163],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156336,44230,156337,156339],{},[15,156338,11163],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156341,44261],{},[50,156343,156345],{"className":52,"code":156344,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156346,156347,156355,156375],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156348,156349,156351,156353],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156350,11163],{"class":135},[59,156352,13275],{"class":69},[59,156354,2605],{"class":178},[59,156356,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156358,664],{"class":65},[59,156360,70],{"class":69},[59,156362,747],{"class":73},[59,156364,187],{"class":178},[59,156366,87],{"class":73},[59,156368,3009],{"class":178},[59,156370,87],{"class":73},[59,156372,2469],{"class":178},[59,156374,165],{"class":73},[59,156376,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156378,715],{"class":135},[59,156380,139],{"class":73},[59,156382,11163],{"class":135},[59,156384,139],{"class":73},[59,156386,707],{"class":142},[59,156388,710],{"class":73},[20,156390,39452,156391,156393],{},[15,156392,11163],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156395,156396],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[50,156398,156400],{"className":52,"code":156399,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156401,156402,156411,156431],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156403,156404,156407,156409],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156405,156406],{"class":65},"length_value ",[59,156408,70],{"class":69},[59,156410,2605],{"class":178},[59,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156414,664],{"class":65},[59,156416,70],{"class":69},[59,156418,747],{"class":73},[59,156420,187],{"class":178},[59,156422,87],{"class":73},[59,156424,3009],{"class":178},[59,156426,87],{"class":73},[59,156428,2469],{"class":178},[59,156430,165],{"class":73},[59,156432,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156434,715],{"class":135},[59,156436,139],{"class":73},[59,156438,11163],{"class":135},[59,156440,139],{"class":73},[59,156442,707],{"class":142},[59,156444,710],{"class":73},[20,156446,156447],{},[549,156448,168],{},[50,156450,156451],{"className":52,"code":46419,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,156452,156453],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156454,156455],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156456,46419],{"class":178},[45,156458,156460],{"id":156459},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156462,156463,156465],{},[15,156464,42161],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1127,156467,156469],{"id":156468},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[50,156471,156473],{"className":52,"code":156472,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156474,156475,156483,156487,156505],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156476,156477,156479,156481],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156478,1251],{"class":65},[59,156480,70],{"class":69},[59,156482,149139],{"class":73},[59,156484,156485],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156486,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156490,7004],{"class":120},[59,156492,38184],{"class":135},[59,156494,139],{"class":73},[59,156496,1297],{"class":142},[59,156498,3675],{"class":73},[59,156500,6414],{"class":69},[59,156502,3848],{"class":178},[59,156504,1561],{"class":73},[59,156506,156507,156509,156511,156513,156516,156518],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,156508,152],{"class":135},[59,156510,139],{"class":73},[59,156512,78],{"class":77},[59,156514,156515],{"class":81},"The tuple is empty",[59,156517,78],{"class":77},[59,156519,165],{"class":73},[20,156521,156522],{},[549,156523,168],{},[50,156525,156527],{"className":52,"code":156526,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156528,156529],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156530,156531,156533,156535,156537],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156532,2005],{"class":65},[59,156534,48756],{"class":697},[59,156536,8101],{"class":69},[59,156538,8107],{"class":65},[1127,156540,156542],{"id":156541},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[50,156544,156546],{"className":52,"code":156545,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156547,156548,156564,156568,156586],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156549,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156551,51189],{"class":65},[59,156553,70],{"class":69},[59,156555,747],{"class":73},[59,156557,2522],{"class":178},[59,156559,87],{"class":73},[59,156561,6000],{"class":178},[59,156563,165],{"class":73},[59,156565,156566],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156567,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,156569,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156571,7004],{"class":120},[59,156573,38184],{"class":135},[59,156575,139],{"class":73},[59,156577,51214],{"class":142},[59,156579,3675],{"class":73},[59,156581,6414],{"class":69},[59,156583,3009],{"class":178},[59,156585,1561],{"class":73},[59,156587,156588,156590,156592,156594,156597,156599],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,156589,152],{"class":135},[59,156591,139],{"class":73},[59,156593,78],{"class":77},[59,156595,156596],{"class":81},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[59,156598,78],{"class":77},[59,156600,165],{"class":73},[20,156602,156603],{},[549,156604,168],{},[50,156606,156608],{"className":52,"code":156607,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156609,156610],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156611,156612,156615,156617],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156613,156614],{"class":65},"This looks like an x",[59,156616,87],{"class":73},[59,156618,156619],{"class":65}," y coordinate\n",[1127,156621,156623],{"id":156622},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[50,156625,156627],{"className":52,"code":156626,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156628,156629,156658,156662,156680],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156630,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156654,156656],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156632,11491],{"class":65},[59,156634,70],{"class":69},[59,156636,747],{"class":73},[59,156638,78],{"class":77},[59,156640,258],{"class":81},[59,156642,78],{"class":77},[59,156644,87],{"class":73},[59,156646,9306],{"class":178},[59,156648,87],{"class":73},[59,156650,90],{"class":77},[59,156652,156653],{"class":81},"Canada",[59,156655,78],{"class":77},[59,156657,165],{"class":73},[59,156659,156660],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156661,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,156663,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156665,7004],{"class":120},[59,156667,38184],{"class":135},[59,156669,139],{"class":73},[59,156671,11585],{"class":142},[59,156673,3675],{"class":73},[59,156675,6414],{"class":69},[59,156677,2469],{"class":178},[59,156679,1561],{"class":73},[59,156681,156682,156684,156686,156688,156691,156693],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,156683,152],{"class":135},[59,156685,139],{"class":73},[59,156687,78],{"class":77},[59,156689,156690],{"class":81},"User record has the expected number of values",[59,156692,78],{"class":77},[59,156694,165],{"class":73},[20,156696,156697],{},[549,156698,168],{},[50,156700,156702],{"className":52,"code":156701,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156703,156704],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156705,156706],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156707,156701],{"class":65},[1127,156709,156711],{"id":156710},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[50,156713,156715],{"className":52,"code":156714,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156716,156717,156749,156753,156773],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156718,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156720,425],{"class":65},[59,156722,70],{"class":69},[59,156724,747],{"class":73},[59,156726,78],{"class":77},[59,156728,354],{"class":81},[59,156730,78],{"class":77},[59,156732,87],{"class":73},[59,156734,90],{"class":77},[59,156736,442],{"class":81},[59,156738,78],{"class":77},[59,156740,87],{"class":73},[59,156742,90],{"class":77},[59,156744,451],{"class":81},[59,156746,78],{"class":77},[59,156748,165],{"class":73},[59,156750,156751],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156752,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,156754,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156756,121],{"class":120},[59,156758,69356],{"class":65},[59,156760,132],{"class":120},[59,156762,53875],{"class":135},[59,156764,139],{"class":73},[59,156766,11163],{"class":135},[59,156768,139],{"class":73},[59,156770,480],{"class":142},[59,156772,69371],{"class":73},[59,156774,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,156776,152],{"class":135},[59,156778,139],{"class":73},[59,156780,491],{"class":142},[59,156782,87],{"class":73},[59,156784,69904],{"class":142},[59,156786,3914],{"class":73},[59,156788,491],{"class":142},[59,156790,3902],{"class":73},[20,156792,156793],{},[549,156794,168],{},[50,156796,156797],{"className":52,"code":503,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,156798,156799,156805,156811],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156800,156801,156803],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156802,179],{"class":178},[59,156804,512],{"class":65},[59,156806,156807,156809],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156808,187],{"class":178},[59,156810,519],{"class":65},[59,156812,156813,156815],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156814,195],{"class":178},[59,156816,526],{"class":65},[20,156818,156819,156820,156822,156823,358],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[354,156821,149470],{"href":149469},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[354,156824,150714],{"href":150713},[45,156826,1579],{"id":1578},[20,156828,156829],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[29,156831,156832,156840,156847,156852],{},[32,156833,156834,156835,999,156838],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156836,156837],{},"(5)",[15,156839,149304],{},[32,156841,1599,156842,156844,156845],{},[15,156843,11163],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156846,42161],{},[32,156848,8456,156849,156851],{},[15,156850,42161],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[32,156853,156854],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156856,32071],{},[50,156858,156860],{"className":52,"code":156859,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156861,156862,156872,156886,156900],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,156863,156864,156866,156868,156870],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,156865,715],{"class":135},[59,156867,139],{"class":73},[59,156869,147815],{"class":142},[59,156871,165],{"class":73},[59,156873,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,156875,715],{"class":135},[59,156877,139],{"class":73},[59,156879,3239],{"class":697},[59,156881,139],{"class":73},[59,156883,147815],{"class":142},[59,156885,710],{"class":73},[59,156887,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,156889,715],{"class":135},[59,156891,139],{"class":73},[59,156893,11163],{"class":135},[59,156895,139],{"class":73},[59,156897,147815],{"class":142},[59,156899,710],{"class":73},[59,156901,156902,156904,156906,156908],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,156903,32141],{"class":135},[59,156905,139],{"class":73},[59,156907,11163],{"class":135},[59,156909,165],{"class":73},[20,156911,155024],{},[29,156913,156914,156917,156920,156924],{},[32,156915,156916],{},"what value you are using",[32,156918,156919],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[32,156921,26009,156922,542],{},[15,156923,42161],{},[32,156925,123188,156926,156928],{},[15,156927,42161],{}," is documented in Python",[45,156930,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,156932,156934],{"id":156933},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156936,201,156937,156940],{},[15,156938,156939],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1127,156942,1882,156944,148974],{"id":156943},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156945,42161],{},[20,156947,46167,156948,156950],{},[15,156949,42161],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1127,156952,156954],{"id":156953},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156956,156957,156958,358],{},"The length is ",[15,156959,179],{},[1127,156961,156963],{"id":156962},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156965,150660,156966,156968],{},[15,156967,150663],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1127,156970,1882,156972,156974],{"id":156971},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156973,42161],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156976,156977],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[45,156979,1927],{"id":1926},[29,156981,156982,156988,156992,156996,157000],{},[32,156983,156984],{},[354,156985,13,156986,536],{"href":42158},[15,156987,42161],{},[32,156989,156990],{},[354,156991,155889],{"href":147800},[32,156993,156994],{},[354,156995,149470],{"href":149469},[32,156997,156998],{},[354,156999,150714],{"href":150713},[32,157001,157002],{},[354,157003,157004],{"href":149100},"What is a tuple in Python",[1953,157006,157007],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":157009},[157010,157011,157012,157019,157025,157034,157040,157041,157050],{"id":15162,"depth":110,"text":15163},{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":155377,"depth":110,"text":157013,"children":157014},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157015,157016,157017,157018],{"id":155389,"depth":117,"text":155390},{"id":155456,"depth":117,"text":155457},{"id":155501,"depth":117,"text":155502},{"id":155550,"depth":117,"text":155551},{"id":155639,"depth":110,"text":155640,"children":157020},[157021,157022,157023,157024],{"id":155643,"depth":117,"text":155644},{"id":155718,"depth":117,"text":155457},{"id":155760,"depth":117,"text":155761},{"id":155894,"depth":117,"text":155895},{"id":155978,"depth":110,"text":155979,"children":157026},[157027,157029,157031,157032],{"id":155982,"depth":117,"text":157028},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156120,"depth":117,"text":157030},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156196,"depth":117,"text":156197},{"id":156331,"depth":117,"text":157033},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156459,"depth":110,"text":156460,"children":157035},[157036,157037,157038,157039],{"id":156468,"depth":117,"text":156469},{"id":156541,"depth":117,"text":156542},{"id":156622,"depth":117,"text":156623},{"id":156710,"depth":117,"text":156711},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":157042},[157043,157044,157046,157047,157048],{"id":156933,"depth":117,"text":156934},{"id":156943,"depth":117,"text":157045},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156953,"depth":117,"text":156954},{"id":156962,"depth":117,"text":156963},{"id":156971,"depth":117,"text":157049},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155161,"description":157051},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157058,"title":157059,"body":157060,"description":159445,"extension":1988,"meta":159446,"navigation":113,"path":159447,"seo":159448,"stem":159449,"__hash__":159450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157061,"toc":159406},[157062,157065,157068,157071,157094,157100,157102,157213,157217,157220,157230,157232,157331,157333,157410,157416,157420,157423,157446,157449,157466,157469,157471,157534,157536,157553,157564,157569,157571,157574,157580,157631,157633,157653,157657,157708,157710,157731,157735,157790,157792,157813,157817,157872,157874,157895,157899,157952,157954,157983,157985,157987,157990,157994,158051,158053,158074,158078,158131,158133,158158,158163,158167,158172,158190,158193,158256,158258,158279,158282,158343,158345,158366,158369,158412,158415,158419,158424,158428,158507,158509,158540,158544,158619,158621,158648,158652,158699,158701,158709,158714,158718,158721,158736,158738,158826,158828,158853,158856,158899,158908,158910,158913,158928,158931,158935,158989,158991,159011,159016,159020,159022,159060,159063,159113,159117,159190,159192,159229,159232,159234,159237,159257,159260,159329,159331,159344,159346,159350,159353,159357,159360,159365,159368,159374,159379,159381,159403],[10,157063,157059],{"id":157064},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157066,157067],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157069,157070],{},"Use this format:",[50,157072,157074],{"className":52,"code":157073,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157075,157076],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157077,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157079,48756],{"class":65},[59,157081,3914],{"class":73},[59,157083,407],{"class":65},[59,157085,1002],{"class":73},[59,157087,75234],{"class":65},[59,157089,1002],{"class":73},[59,157091,75237],{"class":65},[59,157093,107],{"class":73},[20,157095,2005,157096,75270,157098,358],{},[15,157097,75234],{},[549,157099,64877],{},[45,157101,48],{"id":47},[50,157103,157105],{"className":52,"code":157104,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157106,157107,157135,157139,157160,157177,157194],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157108,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157110,664],{"class":65},[59,157112,70],{"class":69},[59,157114,747],{"class":73},[59,157116,671],{"class":178},[59,157118,87],{"class":73},[59,157120,676],{"class":178},[59,157122,87],{"class":73},[59,157124,681],{"class":178},[59,157126,87],{"class":73},[59,157128,50647],{"class":178},[59,157130,87],{"class":73},[59,157132,5094],{"class":178},[59,157134,165],{"class":73},[59,157136,157137],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157138,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157140,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157142,715],{"class":135},[59,157144,139],{"class":73},[59,157146,707],{"class":142},[59,157148,3914],{"class":73},[59,157150,187],{"class":178},[59,157152,1002],{"class":73},[59,157154,2522],{"class":178},[59,157156,20445],{"class":73},[59,157158,157159],{"class":3678},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[59,157161,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,157163,715],{"class":135},[59,157165,139],{"class":73},[59,157167,707],{"class":142},[59,157169,75343],{"class":73},[59,157171,950],{"class":178},[59,157173,20445],{"class":73},[59,157175,157176],{"class":3678},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[59,157178,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,157180,715],{"class":135},[59,157182,139],{"class":73},[59,157184,707],{"class":142},[59,157186,73930],{"class":73},[59,157188,195],{"class":178},[59,157190,20445],{"class":73},[59,157192,157193],{"class":3678},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[59,157195,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,157197,715],{"class":135},[59,157199,139],{"class":73},[59,157201,707],{"class":142},[59,157203,73930],{"class":73},[59,157205,2047],{"class":69},[59,157207,187],{"class":178},[59,157209,20445],{"class":73},[59,157211,157212],{"class":3678},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[45,157214,157216],{"id":157215},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157218,157219],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[29,157221,157222,157224,157227],{},[32,157223,75537],{},[32,157225,157226],{},"The result is a new tuple",[32,157228,157229],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157231,239],{},[50,157233,157235],{"className":52,"code":157234,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157236,157237,157285,157289,157307,157311,157321],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157238,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157240,425],{"class":65},[59,157242,70],{"class":69},[59,157244,747],{"class":73},[59,157246,78],{"class":77},[59,157248,354],{"class":81},[59,157250,78],{"class":77},[59,157252,87],{"class":73},[59,157254,90],{"class":77},[59,157256,442],{"class":81},[59,157258,78],{"class":77},[59,157260,87],{"class":73},[59,157262,90],{"class":77},[59,157264,451],{"class":81},[59,157266,78],{"class":77},[59,157268,87],{"class":73},[59,157270,90],{"class":77},[59,157272,18766],{"class":81},[59,157274,78],{"class":77},[59,157276,87],{"class":73},[59,157278,90],{"class":77},[59,157280,60254],{"class":81},[59,157282,78],{"class":77},[59,157284,165],{"class":73},[59,157286,157287],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157288,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157290,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157292,75467],{"class":65},[59,157294,70],{"class":69},[59,157296,69904],{"class":65},[59,157298,3914],{"class":73},[59,157300,187],{"class":178},[59,157302,1002],{"class":73},[59,157304,2522],{"class":178},[59,157306,107],{"class":73},[59,157308,157309],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,157310,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157312,157313,157315,157317,157319],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,157314,715],{"class":135},[59,157316,139],{"class":73},[59,157318,75490],{"class":142},[59,157320,165],{"class":73},[59,157322,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,157324,715],{"class":135},[59,157326,139],{"class":73},[59,157328,480],{"class":142},[59,157330,165],{"class":73},[20,157332,168],{},[50,157334,157336],{"className":52,"code":157335,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157337,157338,157366],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157339,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157341,139],{"class":73},[59,157343,1725],{"class":77},[59,157345,442],{"class":81},[59,157347,1725],{"class":77},[59,157349,87],{"class":73},[59,157351,1734],{"class":77},[59,157353,451],{"class":81},[59,157355,1725],{"class":77},[59,157357,87],{"class":73},[59,157359,1734],{"class":77},[59,157361,18766],{"class":81},[59,157363,1725],{"class":77},[59,157365,165],{"class":73},[59,157367,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157369,139],{"class":73},[59,157371,1725],{"class":77},[59,157373,354],{"class":81},[59,157375,1725],{"class":77},[59,157377,87],{"class":73},[59,157379,1734],{"class":77},[59,157381,442],{"class":81},[59,157383,1725],{"class":77},[59,157385,87],{"class":73},[59,157387,1734],{"class":77},[59,157389,451],{"class":81},[59,157391,1725],{"class":77},[59,157393,87],{"class":73},[59,157395,1734],{"class":77},[59,157397,18766],{"class":81},[59,157399,1725],{"class":77},[59,157401,87],{"class":73},[59,157403,1734],{"class":77},[59,157405,60254],{"class":81},[59,157407,1725],{"class":77},[59,157409,165],{"class":73},[20,157411,157412,157413,358],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[354,157414,147797],{"href":157415},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[45,157417,157419],{"id":157418},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157421,157422],{},"The full syntax is:",[50,157424,157426],{"className":52,"code":157425,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157427,157428],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157431,147815],{"class":65},[59,157433,3914],{"class":73},[59,157435,407],{"class":65},[59,157437,1002],{"class":73},[59,157439,75234],{"class":65},[59,157441,1002],{"class":73},[59,157443,75237],{"class":65},[59,157445,107],{"class":73},[20,157447,157448],{},"Each part has a job:",[29,157450,157451,157456,157461],{},[32,157452,157453,157455],{},[15,157454,407],{},": where slicing begins",[32,157457,157458,157460],{},[15,157459,75234],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[32,157462,157463,157465],{},[15,157464,75237],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157467,157468],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157470,239],{},[50,157472,157474],{"className":52,"code":157473,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157475,157476,157508,157512],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157477,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157479,664],{"class":65},[59,157481,70],{"class":69},[59,157483,747],{"class":73},[59,157485,671],{"class":178},[59,157487,87],{"class":73},[59,157489,676],{"class":178},[59,157491,87],{"class":73},[59,157493,681],{"class":178},[59,157495,87],{"class":73},[59,157497,50647],{"class":178},[59,157499,87],{"class":73},[59,157501,5094],{"class":178},[59,157503,87],{"class":73},[59,157505,75908],{"class":178},[59,157507,165],{"class":73},[59,157509,157510],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157511,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157513,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157515,715],{"class":135},[59,157517,139],{"class":73},[59,157519,707],{"class":142},[59,157521,3914],{"class":73},[59,157523,187],{"class":178},[59,157525,1002],{"class":73},[59,157527,2159],{"class":178},[59,157529,1002],{"class":73},[59,157531,195],{"class":178},[59,157533,3902],{"class":73},[20,157535,168],{},[50,157537,157539],{"className":52,"code":157538,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157540,157541],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157542,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157544,139],{"class":73},[59,157546,1222],{"class":178},[59,157548,87],{"class":73},[59,157550,50647],{"class":178},[59,157552,165],{"class":73},[20,157554,157555,157556,157558,157559,157561,157562,358],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157557,187],{},", stops before index ",[15,157560,2159],{},", and moves by ",[15,157563,195],{},[20,157565,157566,157567,358],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[354,157568,149470],{"href":152896},[45,157570,75824],{"id":75823},[20,157572,157573],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1127,157575,157577,157578,5972],{"id":157576},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157579,75838],{},[50,157581,157583],{"className":52,"code":157582,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157584,157585,157613,157617],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157586,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157588,664],{"class":65},[59,157590,70],{"class":69},[59,157592,747],{"class":73},[59,157594,671],{"class":178},[59,157596,87],{"class":73},[59,157598,676],{"class":178},[59,157600,87],{"class":73},[59,157602,681],{"class":178},[59,157604,87],{"class":73},[59,157606,50647],{"class":178},[59,157608,87],{"class":73},[59,157610,5094],{"class":178},[59,157612,165],{"class":73},[59,157614,157615],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157616,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157620,715],{"class":135},[59,157622,139],{"class":73},[59,157624,707],{"class":142},[59,157626,75343],{"class":73},[59,157628,950],{"class":178},[59,157630,3902],{"class":73},[20,157632,168],{},[50,157634,157635],{"className":52,"code":151162,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,157636,157637],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157638,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157640,139],{"class":73},[59,157642,671],{"class":178},[59,157644,87],{"class":73},[59,157646,676],{"class":178},[59,157648,87],{"class":73},[59,157650,681],{"class":178},[59,157652,165],{"class":73},[1127,157654,157656],{"id":157655},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[50,157658,157660],{"className":52,"code":157659,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157661,157662,157690,157694],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157663,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157665,664],{"class":65},[59,157667,70],{"class":69},[59,157669,747],{"class":73},[59,157671,671],{"class":178},[59,157673,87],{"class":73},[59,157675,676],{"class":178},[59,157677,87],{"class":73},[59,157679,681],{"class":178},[59,157681,87],{"class":73},[59,157683,50647],{"class":178},[59,157685,87],{"class":73},[59,157687,5094],{"class":178},[59,157689,165],{"class":73},[59,157691,157692],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157693,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157695,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157697,715],{"class":135},[59,157699,139],{"class":73},[59,157701,707],{"class":142},[59,157703,3914],{"class":73},[59,157705,195],{"class":178},[59,157707,77524],{"class":73},[20,157709,168],{},[50,157711,157713],{"className":52,"code":157712,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157714,157715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157716,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157718,139],{"class":73},[59,157720,1225],{"class":178},[59,157722,87],{"class":73},[59,157724,50647],{"class":178},[59,157726,87],{"class":73},[59,157728,5094],{"class":178},[59,157730,165],{"class":73},[1127,157732,157734],{"id":157733},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[50,157736,157738],{"className":52,"code":157737,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157739,157740,157768,157772],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157741,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157743,664],{"class":65},[59,157745,70],{"class":69},[59,157747,747],{"class":73},[59,157749,671],{"class":178},[59,157751,87],{"class":73},[59,157753,676],{"class":178},[59,157755,87],{"class":73},[59,157757,681],{"class":178},[59,157759,87],{"class":73},[59,157761,50647],{"class":178},[59,157763,87],{"class":73},[59,157765,5094],{"class":178},[59,157767,165],{"class":73},[59,157769,157770],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157771,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157773,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157775,715],{"class":135},[59,157777,139],{"class":73},[59,157779,707],{"class":142},[59,157781,3914],{"class":73},[59,157783,187],{"class":178},[59,157785,1002],{"class":73},[59,157787,2522],{"class":178},[59,157789,3902],{"class":73},[20,157791,168],{},[50,157793,157795],{"className":52,"code":157794,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157796,157797],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157798,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157800,139],{"class":73},[59,157802,1222],{"class":178},[59,157804,87],{"class":73},[59,157806,681],{"class":178},[59,157808,87],{"class":73},[59,157810,50647],{"class":178},[59,157812,165],{"class":73},[1127,157814,157816],{"id":157815},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[50,157818,157820],{"className":52,"code":157819,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157821,157822,157854,157858],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157823,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157825,664],{"class":65},[59,157827,70],{"class":69},[59,157829,747],{"class":73},[59,157831,671],{"class":178},[59,157833,87],{"class":73},[59,157835,676],{"class":178},[59,157837,87],{"class":73},[59,157839,681],{"class":178},[59,157841,87],{"class":73},[59,157843,50647],{"class":178},[59,157845,87],{"class":73},[59,157847,5094],{"class":178},[59,157849,87],{"class":73},[59,157851,75908],{"class":178},[59,157853,165],{"class":73},[59,157855,157856],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157857,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157859,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157861,715],{"class":135},[59,157863,139],{"class":73},[59,157865,707],{"class":142},[59,157867,73930],{"class":73},[59,157869,195],{"class":178},[59,157871,3902],{"class":73},[20,157873,168],{},[50,157875,157877],{"className":52,"code":157876,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157878,157879],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157880,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157882,139],{"class":73},[59,157884,671],{"class":178},[59,157886,87],{"class":73},[59,157888,681],{"class":178},[59,157890,87],{"class":73},[59,157892,5094],{"class":178},[59,157894,165],{"class":73},[1127,157896,157898],{"id":157897},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[50,157900,157902],{"className":52,"code":157901,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157903,157904,157932,157936],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157905,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157907,664],{"class":65},[59,157909,70],{"class":69},[59,157911,747],{"class":73},[59,157913,671],{"class":178},[59,157915,87],{"class":73},[59,157917,676],{"class":178},[59,157919,87],{"class":73},[59,157921,681],{"class":178},[59,157923,87],{"class":73},[59,157925,50647],{"class":178},[59,157927,87],{"class":73},[59,157929,5094],{"class":178},[59,157931,165],{"class":73},[59,157933,157934],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,157935,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,157939,715],{"class":135},[59,157941,139],{"class":73},[59,157943,707],{"class":142},[59,157945,73930],{"class":73},[59,157947,2047],{"class":69},[59,157949,187],{"class":178},[59,157951,3902],{"class":73},[20,157953,168],{},[50,157955,157957],{"className":52,"code":157956,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157958,157959],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,157962,139],{"class":73},[59,157964,76602],{"class":178},[59,157966,87],{"class":73},[59,157968,50647],{"class":178},[59,157970,87],{"class":73},[59,157972,681],{"class":178},[59,157974,87],{"class":73},[59,157976,676],{"class":178},[59,157978,87],{"class":73},[59,157980,741],{"class":178},[59,157982,165],{"class":73},[45,157984,76118],{"id":76117},[20,157986,154169],{},[20,157988,157989],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1127,157991,157993],{"id":157992},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[50,157995,157997],{"className":52,"code":157996,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157998,157999,158031,158035],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158000,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158002,664],{"class":65},[59,158004,70],{"class":69},[59,158006,747],{"class":73},[59,158008,671],{"class":178},[59,158010,87],{"class":73},[59,158012,676],{"class":178},[59,158014,87],{"class":73},[59,158016,681],{"class":178},[59,158018,87],{"class":73},[59,158020,50647],{"class":178},[59,158022,87],{"class":73},[59,158024,5094],{"class":178},[59,158026,87],{"class":73},[59,158028,75908],{"class":178},[59,158030,165],{"class":73},[59,158032,158033],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158034,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158036,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158038,715],{"class":135},[59,158040,139],{"class":73},[59,158042,707],{"class":142},[59,158044,3914],{"class":73},[59,158046,2047],{"class":69},[59,158048,950],{"class":178},[59,158050,77524],{"class":73},[20,158052,168],{},[50,158054,158056],{"className":52,"code":158055,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158057,158058],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158059,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158061,139],{"class":73},[59,158063,56498],{"class":178},[59,158065,87],{"class":73},[59,158067,5094],{"class":178},[59,158069,87],{"class":73},[59,158071,75908],{"class":178},[59,158073,165],{"class":73},[1127,158075,158077],{"id":158076},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[50,158079,158081],{"className":52,"code":158080,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158082,158083,158111,158115],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158084,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158086,664],{"class":65},[59,158088,70],{"class":69},[59,158090,747],{"class":73},[59,158092,671],{"class":178},[59,158094,87],{"class":73},[59,158096,676],{"class":178},[59,158098,87],{"class":73},[59,158100,681],{"class":178},[59,158102,87],{"class":73},[59,158104,50647],{"class":178},[59,158106,87],{"class":73},[59,158108,5094],{"class":178},[59,158110,165],{"class":73},[59,158112,158113],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158114,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158116,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158118,715],{"class":135},[59,158120,139],{"class":73},[59,158122,707],{"class":142},[59,158124,75343],{"class":73},[59,158126,2047],{"class":69},[59,158128,187],{"class":178},[59,158130,3902],{"class":73},[20,158132,168],{},[50,158134,158136],{"className":52,"code":158135,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158137,158138],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158139,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158141,139],{"class":73},[59,158143,671],{"class":178},[59,158145,87],{"class":73},[59,158147,676],{"class":178},[59,158149,87],{"class":73},[59,158151,681],{"class":178},[59,158153,87],{"class":73},[59,158155,50647],{"class":178},[59,158157,165],{"class":73},[20,158159,158160,158161,358],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[354,158162,150719],{"href":157053},[45,158164,158166],{"id":158165},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158168,2005,158169,158171],{},[15,158170,75237],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[29,158173,158174,158176,158178,158184],{},[32,158175,76374],{},[32,158177,76377],{},[32,158179,158180,158183],{},[15,158181,158182],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[32,158185,158186,158187,158189],{},"A step of ",[15,158188,179],{}," is not allowed",[20,158191,158192],{},"Example with a positive step:",[50,158194,158196],{"className":52,"code":158195,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158197,158198,158230,158234],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158199,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158201,664],{"class":65},[59,158203,70],{"class":69},[59,158205,747],{"class":73},[59,158207,671],{"class":178},[59,158209,87],{"class":73},[59,158211,676],{"class":178},[59,158213,87],{"class":73},[59,158215,681],{"class":178},[59,158217,87],{"class":73},[59,158219,50647],{"class":178},[59,158221,87],{"class":73},[59,158223,5094],{"class":178},[59,158225,87],{"class":73},[59,158227,75908],{"class":178},[59,158229,165],{"class":73},[59,158231,158232],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158233,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158237,715],{"class":135},[59,158239,139],{"class":73},[59,158241,707],{"class":142},[59,158243,3914],{"class":73},[59,158245,187],{"class":178},[59,158247,1002],{"class":73},[59,158249,80402],{"class":178},[59,158251,1002],{"class":73},[59,158253,195],{"class":178},[59,158255,3902],{"class":73},[20,158257,168],{},[50,158259,158261],{"className":52,"code":158260,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158262,158263],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158264,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158266,139],{"class":73},[59,158268,1222],{"class":178},[59,158270,87],{"class":73},[59,158272,50647],{"class":178},[59,158274,87],{"class":73},[59,158276,75908],{"class":178},[59,158278,165],{"class":73},[20,158280,158281],{},"Example with a negative step:",[50,158283,158285],{"className":52,"code":158284,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158286,158287,158315,158319],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158288,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158290,664],{"class":65},[59,158292,70],{"class":69},[59,158294,747],{"class":73},[59,158296,671],{"class":178},[59,158298,87],{"class":73},[59,158300,676],{"class":178},[59,158302,87],{"class":73},[59,158304,681],{"class":178},[59,158306,87],{"class":73},[59,158308,50647],{"class":178},[59,158310,87],{"class":73},[59,158312,5094],{"class":178},[59,158314,165],{"class":73},[59,158316,158317],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158318,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158320,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158322,715],{"class":135},[59,158324,139],{"class":73},[59,158326,707],{"class":142},[59,158328,3914],{"class":73},[59,158330,2522],{"class":178},[59,158332,1002],{"class":73},[59,158334,187],{"class":178},[59,158336,1002],{"class":73},[59,158338,2047],{"class":69},[59,158340,187],{"class":178},[59,158342,3902],{"class":73},[20,158344,168],{},[50,158346,158348],{"className":52,"code":158347,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158349,158350],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158353,139],{"class":73},[59,158355,76602],{"class":178},[59,158357,87],{"class":73},[59,158359,50647],{"class":178},[59,158361,87],{"class":73},[59,158363,681],{"class":178},[59,158365,165],{"class":73},[20,158367,158368],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[50,158370,158372],{"className":52,"code":158371,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158373,158374,158394,158398],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158375,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158377,664],{"class":65},[59,158379,70],{"class":69},[59,158381,747],{"class":73},[59,158383,671],{"class":178},[59,158385,87],{"class":73},[59,158387,676],{"class":178},[59,158389,87],{"class":73},[59,158391,681],{"class":178},[59,158393,165],{"class":73},[59,158395,158396],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158397,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158399,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158401,715],{"class":135},[59,158403,139],{"class":73},[59,158405,707],{"class":142},[59,158407,73930],{"class":73},[59,158409,179],{"class":178},[59,158411,3902],{"class":73},[20,158413,158414],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[45,158416,158418],{"id":158417},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158420,158421,158422,33729],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[549,158423,48756],{},[1127,158425,158427],{"id":158426},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[50,158429,158431],{"className":52,"code":158430,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158432,158433,158457,158461,158479,158483,158493],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158436,664],{"class":65},[59,158438,70],{"class":69},[59,158440,747],{"class":73},[59,158442,671],{"class":178},[59,158444,87],{"class":73},[59,158446,676],{"class":178},[59,158448,87],{"class":73},[59,158450,681],{"class":178},[59,158452,87],{"class":73},[59,158454,50647],{"class":178},[59,158456,165],{"class":73},[59,158458,158459],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158460,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158462,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158464,692],{"class":65},[59,158466,70],{"class":69},[59,158468,4277],{"class":65},[59,158470,3914],{"class":73},[59,158472,187],{"class":178},[59,158474,1002],{"class":73},[59,158476,950],{"class":178},[59,158478,107],{"class":73},[59,158480,158481],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,158482,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,158486,715],{"class":135},[59,158488,139],{"class":73},[59,158490,720],{"class":142},[59,158492,165],{"class":73},[59,158494,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,158496,715],{"class":135},[59,158498,139],{"class":73},[59,158500,3239],{"class":697},[59,158502,139],{"class":73},[59,158504,720],{"class":142},[59,158506,710],{"class":73},[20,158508,168],{},[50,158510,158512],{"className":52,"code":158511,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158513,158514,158526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158515,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158517,139],{"class":73},[59,158519,1222],{"class":178},[59,158521,87],{"class":73},[59,158523,681],{"class":178},[59,158525,165],{"class":73},[59,158527,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158529,1769],{"class":69},[59,158531,3310],{"class":887},[59,158533,1734],{"class":77},[59,158535,48756],{"class":81},[59,158537,1725],{"class":77},[59,158539,1788],{"class":69},[1127,158541,158543],{"id":158542},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[50,158545,158547],{"className":52,"code":158546,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158548,158549,158569,158573,158591,158595,158605],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158552,664],{"class":65},[59,158554,70],{"class":69},[59,158556,747],{"class":73},[59,158558,671],{"class":178},[59,158560,87],{"class":73},[59,158562,676],{"class":178},[59,158564,87],{"class":73},[59,158566,681],{"class":178},[59,158568,165],{"class":73},[59,158570,158571],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158572,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158574,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158576,692],{"class":65},[59,158578,70],{"class":69},[59,158580,4277],{"class":65},[59,158582,3914],{"class":73},[59,158584,187],{"class":178},[59,158586,1002],{"class":73},[59,158588,195],{"class":178},[59,158590,107],{"class":73},[59,158592,158593],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,158594,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158596,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,158598,715],{"class":135},[59,158600,139],{"class":73},[59,158602,720],{"class":142},[59,158604,165],{"class":73},[59,158606,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,158608,715],{"class":135},[59,158610,139],{"class":73},[59,158612,3239],{"class":697},[59,158614,139],{"class":73},[59,158616,720],{"class":142},[59,158618,710],{"class":73},[20,158620,168],{},[50,158622,158624],{"className":52,"code":158623,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158625,158626,158634],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158627,158628,158630,158632],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158629,139],{"class":73},[59,158631,1222],{"class":178},[59,158633,149153],{"class":73},[59,158635,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158637,1769],{"class":69},[59,158639,3310],{"class":887},[59,158641,1734],{"class":77},[59,158643,48756],{"class":81},[59,158645,1725],{"class":77},[59,158647,1788],{"class":69},[1127,158649,158651],{"id":158650},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[50,158653,158655],{"className":52,"code":158654,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158656,158657,158677,158681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158658,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158660,664],{"class":65},[59,158662,70],{"class":69},[59,158664,747],{"class":73},[59,158666,671],{"class":178},[59,158668,87],{"class":73},[59,158670,676],{"class":178},[59,158672,87],{"class":73},[59,158674,681],{"class":178},[59,158676,165],{"class":73},[59,158678,158679],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158680,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158682,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158684,715],{"class":135},[59,158686,139],{"class":73},[59,158688,707],{"class":142},[59,158690,3914],{"class":73},[59,158692,2159],{"class":178},[59,158694,1002],{"class":73},[59,158696,2362],{"class":178},[59,158698,3902],{"class":73},[20,158700,168],{},[50,158702,158703],{"className":52,"code":8647,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,158704,158705],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158706,158707],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158708,8647],{"class":73},[20,158710,158711,158712,358],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[354,158713,155889],{"href":150776},[45,158715,158717],{"id":158716},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158719,158720],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,158722,158723,158725,158728,158733],{},[32,158724,76683],{},[32,158726,158727],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[32,158729,158730,158731],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158732,70539],{},[32,158734,158735],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158737,239],{},[50,158739,158741],{"className":52,"code":158740,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158742,158743,158763,158767,158784,158805],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158744,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158746,664],{"class":65},[59,158748,70],{"class":69},[59,158750,747],{"class":73},[59,158752,671],{"class":178},[59,158754,87],{"class":73},[59,158756,676],{"class":178},[59,158758,87],{"class":73},[59,158760,681],{"class":178},[59,158762,165],{"class":73},[59,158764,158765],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158766,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158768,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158770,715],{"class":135},[59,158772,139],{"class":73},[59,158774,707],{"class":142},[59,158776,3914],{"class":73},[59,158778,187],{"class":178},[59,158780,20445],{"class":73},[59,158782,158783],{"class":3678},"    # one item\n",[59,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,158787,715],{"class":135},[59,158789,139],{"class":73},[59,158791,707],{"class":142},[59,158793,3914],{"class":73},[59,158795,187],{"class":178},[59,158797,1002],{"class":73},[59,158799,2159],{"class":178},[59,158801,20445],{"class":73},[59,158803,158804],{"class":3678},"  # slice\n",[59,158806,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,158808,715],{"class":135},[59,158810,139],{"class":73},[59,158812,707],{"class":142},[59,158814,3914],{"class":73},[59,158816,2159],{"class":178},[59,158818,1002],{"class":73},[59,158820,2362],{"class":178},[59,158822,20445],{"class":73},[59,158824,158825],{"class":3678},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158827,168],{},[50,158829,158831],{"className":52,"code":158830,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158832,158833,158837,158849],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158834,158835],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158836,71032],{"class":178},[59,158838,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158840,139],{"class":73},[59,158842,1222],{"class":178},[59,158844,87],{"class":73},[59,158846,681],{"class":178},[59,158848,165],{"class":73},[59,158850,158851],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158852,8647],{"class":73},[20,158854,158855],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[50,158857,158859],{"className":52,"code":158858,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158860,158861,158881,158885],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158862,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158864,664],{"class":65},[59,158866,70],{"class":69},[59,158868,747],{"class":73},[59,158870,671],{"class":178},[59,158872,87],{"class":73},[59,158874,676],{"class":178},[59,158876,87],{"class":73},[59,158878,681],{"class":178},[59,158880,165],{"class":73},[59,158882,158883],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158884,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158886,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158888,715],{"class":135},[59,158890,139],{"class":73},[59,158892,707],{"class":142},[59,158894,3914],{"class":73},[59,158896,2159],{"class":178},[59,158898,3902],{"class":73},[20,158900,158901,158902,158904,158905,358],{},"This raises an ",[15,158903,70539],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[354,158906,154642],{"href":158907},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[45,158909,15177],{"id":76950},[20,158911,158912],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[29,158914,158915,158918,158920,158923],{},[32,158916,158917],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[32,158919,60499],{},[32,158921,158922],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[32,158924,158925,158926],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158927,179],{},[20,158929,158930],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1127,158932,158934],{"id":158933},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[50,158936,158937],{"className":52,"code":157737,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,158938,158939,158967,158971],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158940,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158942,664],{"class":65},[59,158944,70],{"class":69},[59,158946,747],{"class":73},[59,158948,671],{"class":178},[59,158950,87],{"class":73},[59,158952,676],{"class":178},[59,158954,87],{"class":73},[59,158956,681],{"class":178},[59,158958,87],{"class":73},[59,158960,50647],{"class":178},[59,158962,87],{"class":73},[59,158964,5094],{"class":178},[59,158966,165],{"class":73},[59,158968,158969],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,158970,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,158972,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,158974,715],{"class":135},[59,158976,139],{"class":73},[59,158978,707],{"class":142},[59,158980,3914],{"class":73},[59,158982,187],{"class":178},[59,158984,1002],{"class":73},[59,158986,2522],{"class":178},[59,158988,3902],{"class":73},[20,158990,168],{},[50,158992,158993],{"className":52,"code":157794,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,158994,158995],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,158996,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007,159009],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,158998,139],{"class":73},[59,159000,1222],{"class":178},[59,159002,87],{"class":73},[59,159004,681],{"class":178},[59,159006,87],{"class":73},[59,159008,50647],{"class":178},[59,159010,165],{"class":73},[20,159012,132221,159013,159015],{},[15,159014,2522],{}," is not included.",[1127,159017,159019],{"id":159018},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159021,4541],{},[50,159023,159025],{"className":52,"code":159024,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159026,159027,159051,159055],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159028,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159030,664],{"class":65},[59,159032,70],{"class":69},[59,159034,747],{"class":73},[59,159036,671],{"class":178},[59,159038,87],{"class":73},[59,159040,676],{"class":178},[59,159042,87],{"class":73},[59,159044,681],{"class":178},[59,159046,87],{"class":73},[59,159048,50647],{"class":178},[59,159050,165],{"class":73},[59,159052,159053],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159054,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,159056,159057],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159058,159059],{"class":3678},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159061,159062],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[50,159064,159065],{"className":52,"code":154722,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,159066,159067,159091,159095],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159070,664],{"class":65},[59,159072,70],{"class":69},[59,159074,747],{"class":73},[59,159076,671],{"class":178},[59,159078,87],{"class":73},[59,159080,676],{"class":178},[59,159082,87],{"class":73},[59,159084,681],{"class":178},[59,159086,87],{"class":73},[59,159088,50647],{"class":178},[59,159090,165],{"class":73},[59,159092,159093],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159094,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,159096,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159098,715],{"class":135},[59,159100,139],{"class":73},[59,159102,707],{"class":142},[59,159104,3914],{"class":73},[59,159106,187],{"class":178},[59,159108,1002],{"class":73},[59,159110,950],{"class":178},[59,159112,3902],{"class":73},[1127,159114,159116],{"id":159115},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[50,159118,159120],{"className":52,"code":159119,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159121,159122,159146,159150,159165,159169,159180],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159123,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159125,664],{"class":65},[59,159127,70],{"class":69},[59,159129,747],{"class":73},[59,159131,671],{"class":178},[59,159133,87],{"class":73},[59,159135,676],{"class":178},[59,159137,87],{"class":73},[59,159139,681],{"class":178},[59,159141,87],{"class":73},[59,159143,50647],{"class":178},[59,159145,165],{"class":73},[59,159147,159148],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159149,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,159151,159152,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159153,159154],{"class":65},"slice_result ",[59,159156,70],{"class":69},[59,159158,4277],{"class":65},[59,159160,75343],{"class":73},[59,159162,195],{"class":178},[59,159164,107],{"class":73},[59,159166,159167],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,159168,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,159170,159171,159173,159175,159178],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,159172,715],{"class":135},[59,159174,139],{"class":73},[59,159176,159177],{"class":142},"slice_result",[59,159179,165],{"class":73},[59,159181,159182,159184,159186,159188],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,159183,715],{"class":135},[59,159185,139],{"class":73},[59,159187,707],{"class":142},[59,159189,165],{"class":73},[20,159191,168],{},[50,159193,159195],{"className":52,"code":159194,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159196,159197,159209],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159198,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159200,139],{"class":73},[59,159202,671],{"class":178},[59,159204,87],{"class":73},[59,159206,676],{"class":178},[59,159208,165],{"class":73},[59,159210,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159212,139],{"class":73},[59,159214,671],{"class":178},[59,159216,87],{"class":73},[59,159218,676],{"class":178},[59,159220,87],{"class":73},[59,159222,681],{"class":178},[59,159224,87],{"class":73},[59,159226,50647],{"class":178},[59,159228,165],{"class":73},[20,159230,159231],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[45,159233,113535],{"id":113534},[20,159235,159236],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[29,159238,159239,159242,159245,159251,159254],{},[32,159240,159241],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[32,159243,159244],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[32,159246,159247,159248],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159249,159250],{},"tuple[::0]",[32,159252,159253],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[32,159255,159256],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159258,159259],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[50,159261,159263],{"className":52,"code":159262,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159264,159265,159275,159293,159315],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159266,159267,159269,159271,159273],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159268,715],{"class":135},[59,159270,139],{"class":73},[59,159272,147815],{"class":142},[59,159274,165],{"class":73},[59,159276,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289,159291],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159278,715],{"class":135},[59,159280,139],{"class":73},[59,159282,147815],{"class":142},[59,159284,3914],{"class":73},[59,159286,187],{"class":178},[59,159288,1002],{"class":73},[59,159290,2522],{"class":178},[59,159292,3902],{"class":73},[59,159294,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159296,715],{"class":135},[59,159298,139],{"class":73},[59,159300,3239],{"class":697},[59,159302,139],{"class":73},[59,159304,147815],{"class":142},[59,159306,3914],{"class":73},[59,159308,187],{"class":178},[59,159310,1002],{"class":73},[59,159312,2522],{"class":178},[59,159314,1642],{"class":73},[59,159316,159317,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,159318,715],{"class":135},[59,159320,139],{"class":73},[59,159322,11163],{"class":135},[59,159324,139],{"class":73},[59,159326,147815],{"class":142},[59,159328,710],{"class":73},[20,159330,11172],{},[29,159332,159333,159335,159338,159341],{},[32,159334,155029],{},[32,159336,159337],{},"what the slice actually returns",[32,159339,159340],{},"that the result is a tuple",[32,159342,159343],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[45,159345,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,159347,159349],{"id":159348},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159351,159352],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1127,159354,159356],{"id":159355},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159358,159359],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1127,159361,1872,159363,39759],{"id":159362},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159364,158182],{},[20,159366,159367],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1127,159369,159371,159372,1905],{"id":159370},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159373,70539],{},[20,159375,159376,159377,358],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159378,70539],{},[45,159380,1927],{"id":1926},[29,159382,159383,159387,159391,159395,159399],{},[32,159384,159385],{},[354,159386,155889],{"href":150776},[32,159388,159389],{},[354,159390,149470],{"href":152896},[32,159392,159393],{},[354,159394,150719],{"href":157053},[32,159396,159397],{},[354,159398,147797],{"href":157415},[32,159400,159401],{},[354,159402,154642],{"href":158907},[1953,159404,159405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":159407},[159408,159409,159410,159411,159419,159423,159424,159429,159430,159435,159436,159444],{"id":47,"depth":110,"text":48},{"id":157215,"depth":110,"text":157216},{"id":157418,"depth":110,"text":157419},{"id":75823,"depth":110,"text":75824,"children":159412},[159413,159415,159416,159417,159418],{"id":157576,"depth":117,"text":159414},"Get the first n items",{"id":157655,"depth":117,"text":157656},{"id":157733,"depth":117,"text":157734},{"id":157815,"depth":117,"text":157816},{"id":157897,"depth":117,"text":157898},{"id":76117,"depth":110,"text":76118,"children":159420},[159421,159422],{"id":157992,"depth":117,"text":157993},{"id":158076,"depth":117,"text":158077},{"id":158165,"depth":110,"text":158166},{"id":158417,"depth":110,"text":158418,"children":159425},[159426,159427,159428],{"id":158426,"depth":117,"text":158427},{"id":158542,"depth":117,"text":158543},{"id":158650,"depth":117,"text":158651},{"id":158716,"depth":110,"text":158717},{"id":76950,"depth":110,"text":15177,"children":159431},[159432,159433,159434],{"id":158933,"depth":117,"text":158934},{"id":159018,"depth":117,"text":159019},{"id":159115,"depth":117,"text":159116},{"id":113534,"depth":110,"text":113535},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":159437},[159438,159439,159440,159442],{"id":159348,"depth":117,"text":159349},{"id":159355,"depth":117,"text":159356},{"id":159362,"depth":117,"text":159441},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159370,"depth":117,"text":159443},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157059,"description":159445},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159452,"title":159453,"body":159454,"description":161277,"extension":1988,"meta":161278,"navigation":113,"path":34796,"seo":161279,"stem":161280,"__hash__":161281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159455,"toc":161243},[159456,159461,159466,159470,159488,159491,159506,159512,159514,159571,159573,159605,159617,159623,159628,159631,159666,159672,159674,159677,159691,159694,159696,159719,159721,159739,159742,159758,159760,159763,159876,159878,159967,159970,159975,159981,159984,159987,160086,160088,160147,160152,160155,160224,160228,160260,160276,160281,160288,160295,160307,160309,160358,160360,160383,160389,160437,160442,160449,160457,160463,160466,160490,160493,160495,160571,160573,160598,160604,160607,160612,160616,160630,160632,160695,160697,160729,160732,160748,160750,160756,160763,160765,160784,160786,160804,160811,160816,160823,160825,160862,160865,160872,160876,160879,160937,160940,160943,160998,161000,161012,161018,161020,161024,161057,161064,161066,161129,161132,161134,161139,161153,161160,161168,161177,161186,161192,161198,161200,161240],[10,159457,13,159459,18],{"id":159458},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159460,2319],{},[20,159462,32306,159463,159465],{},[15,159464,2319],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159467,62574,159468,104379],{},[15,159469,2319],{},[29,159471,159472,159475,159478,159481],{},[32,159473,159474],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[32,159476,159477],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[32,159479,159480],{},"debug confusing code",[32,159482,159483,159484],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[354,159485,159486],{"href":8224},[15,159487,2975],{},[20,159489,159490],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[50,159492,159494],{"className":52,"code":159493,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"type(object)\n",[15,159495,159496],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159499,3239],{"class":697},[59,159501,139],{"class":73},[59,159503,42199],{"class":697},[59,159505,165],{"class":73},[20,159507,159508,159509,159511],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159510,2319],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[45,159513,3624],{"id":3623},[50,159515,159517],{"className":52,"code":159516,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159518,159519,159531,159545,159549,159557],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159520,159521,159523,159525,159527,159529],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159522,7882],{"class":65},[59,159524,70],{"class":69},[59,159526,90],{"class":77},[59,159528,5018],{"class":81},[59,159530,3374],{"class":77},[59,159532,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159534,715],{"class":135},[59,159536,139],{"class":73},[59,159538,3239],{"class":697},[59,159540,139],{"class":73},[59,159542,7676],{"class":142},[59,159544,710],{"class":73},[59,159546,159547],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159548,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,159550,159551,159553,159555],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,159552,2236],{"class":65},[59,159554,70],{"class":69},[59,159556,2605],{"class":178},[59,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,159560,715],{"class":135},[59,159562,139],{"class":73},[59,159564,3239],{"class":697},[59,159566,139],{"class":73},[59,159568,896],{"class":142},[59,159570,710],{"class":73},[20,159572,168],{},[50,159574,159575],{"className":52,"code":124882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,159576,159577,159591],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159578,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159580,1769],{"class":69},[59,159582,3310],{"class":887},[59,159584,1734],{"class":77},[59,159586,3460],{"class":81},[59,159588,1725],{"class":77},[59,159590,1788],{"class":69},[59,159592,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159594,1769],{"class":69},[59,159596,3310],{"class":887},[59,159598,1734],{"class":77},[59,159600,2209],{"class":81},[59,159602,1725],{"class":77},[59,159604,1788],{"class":69},[20,159606,201,159607,159610,159611,4408,159614,358],{},[15,159608,159609],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159612,159613],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159615,159616],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[45,159618,12998,159620,159622],{"id":159619},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159621,2319],{}," function does",[20,159624,159625,159627],{},[15,159626,2319],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159629,159630],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[29,159632,159633,159638,159643,159648,159653,159658],{},[32,159634,159635,159637],{},[15,159636,3460],{}," for text",[32,159639,159640,159642],{},[15,159641,2209],{}," for whole numbers",[32,159644,159645,159647],{},[15,159646,2212],{}," for decimal numbers",[32,159649,159650,159652],{},[15,159651,1651],{}," for lists",[32,159654,159655,159657],{},[15,159656,8825],{}," for dictionaries",[32,159659,159660,68903,159662,4408,159664],{},[15,159661,3883],{},[15,159663,3619],{},[15,159665,3689],{},[20,159667,159668,159669,159671],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159670,2319],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[45,159673,362],{"id":361},[20,159675,159676],{},"The main beginner form is:",[50,159678,159679],{"className":52,"code":159493,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,159680,159681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159682,159683,159685,159687,159689],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159684,3239],{"class":697},[59,159686,139],{"class":73},[59,159688,42199],{"class":697},[59,159690,165],{"class":73},[20,159692,159693],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159695,239],{},[50,159697,159699],{"className":52,"code":159698,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159700,159701],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159702,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159704,715],{"class":135},[59,159706,139],{"class":73},[59,159708,3239],{"class":697},[59,159710,139],{"class":73},[59,159712,78],{"class":77},[59,159714,3860],{"class":81},[59,159716,78],{"class":77},[59,159718,710],{"class":73},[20,159720,168],{},[50,159722,159723],{"className":52,"code":45572,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,159724,159725],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159726,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159728,1769],{"class":69},[59,159730,3310],{"class":887},[59,159732,1734],{"class":77},[59,159734,3460],{"class":81},[59,159736,1725],{"class":77},[59,159738,1788],{"class":69},[20,159740,159741],{},"You can pass either:",[29,159743,159744,159751],{},[32,159745,159746,159747,2896,159749],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159748,64342],{},[15,159750,46328],{},[32,159752,159753,159754,2896,159756],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159755,7676],{},[15,159757,9299],{},[45,159759,121694],{"id":121693},[20,159761,159762],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[50,159764,159766],{"className":52,"code":159765,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159767,159768,159786,159800,159814,159836,159862],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159769,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159771,715],{"class":135},[59,159773,139],{"class":73},[59,159775,3239],{"class":697},[59,159777,139],{"class":73},[59,159779,78],{"class":77},[59,159781,3860],{"class":81},[59,159783,78],{"class":77},[59,159785,710],{"class":73},[59,159787,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159789,715],{"class":135},[59,159791,139],{"class":73},[59,159793,3239],{"class":697},[59,159795,139],{"class":73},[59,159797,671],{"class":178},[59,159799,710],{"class":73},[59,159801,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159803,715],{"class":135},[59,159805,139],{"class":73},[59,159807,3239],{"class":697},[59,159809,139],{"class":73},[59,159811,39942],{"class":178},[59,159813,710],{"class":73},[59,159815,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,159817,715],{"class":135},[59,159819,139],{"class":73},[59,159821,3239],{"class":697},[59,159823,1629],{"class":73},[59,159825,187],{"class":178},[59,159827,87],{"class":73},[59,159829,3009],{"class":178},[59,159831,87],{"class":73},[59,159833,2469],{"class":178},[59,159835,1642],{"class":73},[59,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,159839,715],{"class":135},[59,159841,139],{"class":73},[59,159843,3239],{"class":697},[59,159845,5538],{"class":73},[59,159847,78],{"class":77},[59,159849,7676],{"class":81},[59,159851,78],{"class":77},[59,159853,1002],{"class":73},[59,159855,90],{"class":77},[59,159857,5018],{"class":81},[59,159859,78],{"class":77},[59,159861,5547],{"class":73},[59,159863,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,159865,715],{"class":135},[59,159867,139],{"class":73},[59,159869,3239],{"class":697},[59,159871,139],{"class":73},[59,159873,3619],{"class":3867},[59,159875,710],{"class":73},[20,159877,168],{},[50,159879,159881],{"className":52,"code":159880,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159882,159883,159897,159911,159925,159939,159953],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159884,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159886,1769],{"class":69},[59,159888,3310],{"class":887},[59,159890,1734],{"class":77},[59,159892,3460],{"class":81},[59,159894,1725],{"class":77},[59,159896,1788],{"class":69},[59,159898,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,159900,1769],{"class":69},[59,159902,3310],{"class":887},[59,159904,1734],{"class":77},[59,159906,2209],{"class":81},[59,159908,1725],{"class":77},[59,159910,1788],{"class":69},[59,159912,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,159914,1769],{"class":69},[59,159916,3310],{"class":887},[59,159918,1734],{"class":77},[59,159920,2212],{"class":81},[59,159922,1725],{"class":77},[59,159924,1788],{"class":69},[59,159926,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,159928,1769],{"class":69},[59,159930,3310],{"class":887},[59,159932,1734],{"class":77},[59,159934,1651],{"class":81},[59,159936,1725],{"class":77},[59,159938,1788],{"class":69},[59,159940,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,159942,1769],{"class":69},[59,159944,3310],{"class":887},[59,159946,1734],{"class":77},[59,159948,8825],{"class":81},[59,159950,1725],{"class":77},[59,159952,1788],{"class":69},[59,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,159956,1769],{"class":69},[59,159958,3310],{"class":887},[59,159960,1734],{"class":77},[59,159962,3883],{"class":81},[59,159964,1725],{"class":77},[59,159966,1788],{"class":69},[20,159968,159969],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159971,159972,159973,358],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[354,159974,44599],{"href":48781},[45,159976,1599,159978,159980],{"id":159977},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159979,2319],{}," with variables",[20,159982,159983],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159985,159986],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[50,159988,159990],{"className":52,"code":159989,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159991,159992,160000,160018,160022,160034,160052,160056,160068],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,159993,159994,159996,159998],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,159995,2464],{"class":65},[59,159997,70],{"class":69},[59,159999,2605],{"class":178},[59,160001,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160003,715],{"class":135},[59,160005,139],{"class":73},[59,160007,1217],{"class":142},[59,160009,87],{"class":73},[59,160011,49193],{"class":697},[59,160013,139],{"class":73},[59,160015,1217],{"class":142},[59,160017,710],{"class":73},[59,160019,160020],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160021,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160023,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160025,2464],{"class":65},[59,160027,70],{"class":69},[59,160029,90],{"class":77},[59,160031,45709],{"class":81},[59,160033,3374],{"class":77},[59,160035,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,160037,715],{"class":135},[59,160039,139],{"class":73},[59,160041,1217],{"class":142},[59,160043,87],{"class":73},[59,160045,49193],{"class":697},[59,160047,139],{"class":73},[59,160049,1217],{"class":142},[59,160051,710],{"class":73},[59,160053,160054],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,160055,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160057,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,160059,2464],{"class":65},[59,160061,70],{"class":69},[59,160063,74],{"class":73},[59,160065,671],{"class":178},[59,160067,107],{"class":73},[59,160069,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084],{"class":61,"line":6432},[59,160071,715],{"class":135},[59,160073,139],{"class":73},[59,160075,1217],{"class":142},[59,160077,87],{"class":73},[59,160079,49193],{"class":697},[59,160081,139],{"class":73},[59,160083,1217],{"class":142},[59,160085,710],{"class":73},[20,160087,168],{},[50,160089,160091],{"className":52,"code":160090,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160092,160093,160110,160127],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160094,160095,160097,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160096,671],{"class":178},[59,160098,160099],{"class":69}," \u003C",[59,160101,3310],{"class":887},[59,160103,1734],{"class":77},[59,160105,2209],{"class":81},[59,160107,1725],{"class":77},[59,160109,1788],{"class":69},[59,160111,160112,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160113,160114],{"class":65},"ten ",[59,160116,1769],{"class":69},[59,160118,3310],{"class":887},[59,160120,1734],{"class":77},[59,160122,3460],{"class":81},[59,160124,1725],{"class":77},[59,160126,1788],{"class":69},[59,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160130,3914],{"class":73},[59,160132,671],{"class":178},[59,160134,13272],{"class":73},[59,160136,160099],{"class":69},[59,160138,3310],{"class":887},[59,160140,1734],{"class":77},[59,160142,1651],{"class":81},[59,160144,1725],{"class":77},[59,160146,1788],{"class":69},[20,160148,160149,160151],{},[15,160150,2319],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160153,160154],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[50,160156,160158],{"className":52,"code":160157,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160159,160160,160178,160192,160196,160210],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160161,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160163,3407],{"class":65},[59,160165,70],{"class":69},[59,160167,8247],{"class":135},[59,160169,139],{"class":73},[59,160171,78],{"class":77},[59,160173,41671],{"class":81},[59,160175,78],{"class":77},[59,160177,165],{"class":73},[59,160179,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160181,715],{"class":135},[59,160183,139],{"class":73},[59,160185,3239],{"class":697},[59,160187,139],{"class":73},[59,160189,3434],{"class":142},[59,160191,710],{"class":73},[59,160193,160194],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160195,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160197,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160199,122806],{"class":65},[59,160201,70],{"class":69},[59,160203,45078],{"class":697},[59,160205,139],{"class":73},[59,160207,3434],{"class":142},[59,160209,165],{"class":73},[59,160211,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220,160222],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,160213,715],{"class":135},[59,160215,139],{"class":73},[59,160217,3239],{"class":697},[59,160219,139],{"class":73},[59,160221,122829],{"class":142},[59,160223,710],{"class":73},[20,160225,40920,160226,40924],{},[15,160227,9197],{},[50,160229,160230],{"className":52,"code":124882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,160231,160232,160246],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160233,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160235,1769],{"class":69},[59,160237,3310],{"class":887},[59,160239,1734],{"class":77},[59,160241,3460],{"class":81},[59,160243,1725],{"class":77},[59,160245,1788],{"class":69},[59,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160249,1769],{"class":69},[59,160251,3310],{"class":887},[59,160253,1734],{"class":77},[59,160255,2209],{"class":81},[59,160257,1725],{"class":77},[59,160259,1788],{"class":69},[20,160261,45505,160262,160266,160267,2896,160271,160275],{},[354,160263,160264],{"href":8224},[15,160265,2975],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[354,160268,160269],{"href":2892},[15,160270,2895],{},[354,160272,160273],{"href":2899},[15,160274,2902],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160277,160278,160279,358],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[354,160280,8985],{"href":8984},[45,160282,160284,10586,160286],{"id":160283},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160285,2319],{},[15,160287,44607],{},[20,160289,160290,4408,160292,160294],{},[15,160291,2319],{},[15,160293,44607],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[29,160296,160297,160302],{},[32,160298,160299,160301],{},[15,160300,2319],{}," tells you the exact type",[32,160303,160304,160306],{},[15,160305,44607],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160308,239],{},[50,160310,160312],{"className":52,"code":160311,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160313,160314,160322,160326,160340],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160315,160316,160318,160320],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160317,2464],{"class":65},[59,160319,70],{"class":69},[59,160321,34830],{"class":178},[59,160323,160324],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160325,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160327,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160329,715],{"class":135},[59,160331,139],{"class":73},[59,160333,3239],{"class":697},[59,160335,139],{"class":73},[59,160337,1217],{"class":142},[59,160339,710],{"class":73},[59,160341,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160343,715],{"class":135},[59,160345,139],{"class":73},[59,160347,48678],{"class":135},[59,160349,139],{"class":73},[59,160351,1217],{"class":142},[59,160353,87],{"class":73},[59,160355,45078],{"class":697},[59,160357,710],{"class":73},[20,160359,168],{},[50,160361,160363],{"className":52,"code":160362,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160364,160365,160379],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160368,1769],{"class":69},[59,160370,3310],{"class":887},[59,160372,1734],{"class":77},[59,160374,2209],{"class":81},[59,160376,1725],{"class":77},[59,160378,1788],{"class":69},[59,160380,160381],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160382,3994],{"class":3867},[20,160384,160385,160386,160388],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160387,44607],{}," is more practical.",[50,160390,160392],{"className":52,"code":160391,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160393,160394,160402,160406,160422],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160395,160396,160398,160400],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160397,2464],{"class":65},[59,160399,70],{"class":69},[59,160401,34830],{"class":178},[59,160403,160404],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160405,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160407,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160409,7004],{"class":120},[59,160411,49416],{"class":135},[59,160413,139],{"class":73},[59,160415,1217],{"class":142},[59,160417,87],{"class":73},[59,160419,45078],{"class":697},[59,160421,146],{"class":73},[59,160423,160424,160426,160428,160430,160433,160435],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160425,152],{"class":135},[59,160427,139],{"class":73},[59,160429,78],{"class":77},[59,160431,160432],{"class":81},"This is an integer",[59,160434,78],{"class":77},[59,160436,165],{"class":73},[20,160438,201,160439,160441],{},[15,160440,2319],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160443,201,160444,160446,160447,7179],{},[15,160445,44607],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160448,7004],{},[20,160450,160451,160452,358],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[354,160453,13,160455,536],{"href":160454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160456,44607],{},[45,160458,160460,160461],{"id":160459},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160462,2319],{},[20,160464,160465],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[50,160467,160469],{"className":52,"code":160468,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160470,160471],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160484,160486,160488],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160474,3239],{"class":697},[59,160476,139],{"class":73},[59,160478,7676],{"class":142},[59,160480,87],{"class":73},[59,160482,160483],{"class":142}," bases",[59,160485,87],{"class":73},[59,160487,9175],{"class":697},[59,160489,165],{"class":73},[20,160491,160492],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160494,239],{},[50,160496,160498],{"className":52,"code":160497,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160499,160500,160543,160547,160557],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160501,160502,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160516,160518,160520,160523,160525,160527,160530,160532,160534,160536,160539,160541],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160503,160504],{"class":65},"Person ",[59,160506,70],{"class":69},[59,160508,49193],{"class":697},[59,160510,139],{"class":73},[59,160512,78],{"class":77},[59,160514,160515],{"class":81},"Person",[59,160517,78],{"class":77},[59,160519,87],{"class":73},[59,160521,160522],{"class":73}," (),",[59,160524,10491],{"class":73},[59,160526,78],{"class":77},[59,160528,160529],{"class":81},"species",[59,160531,78],{"class":77},[59,160533,1002],{"class":73},[59,160535,90],{"class":77},[59,160537,160538],{"class":81},"human",[59,160540,78],{"class":77},[59,160542,30484],{"class":73},[59,160544,160545],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160546,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160548,160549,160551,160553,160555],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160550,715],{"class":135},[59,160552,139],{"class":73},[59,160554,160515],{"class":142},[59,160556,165],{"class":73},[59,160558,160559,160561,160563,160565,160567,160569],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160560,715],{"class":135},[59,160562,139],{"class":73},[59,160564,160515],{"class":142},[59,160566,358],{"class":73},[59,160568,160529],{"class":929},[59,160570,165],{"class":73},[20,160572,168],{},[50,160574,160576],{"className":52,"code":160575,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160577,160578,160593],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160579,160580,160582,160584,160586,160589,160591],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160581,1769],{"class":69},[59,160583,3310],{"class":887},[59,160585,1734],{"class":77},[59,160587,160588],{"class":81},"__main__.Person",[59,160590,1725],{"class":77},[59,160592,1788],{"class":69},[59,160594,160595],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160596,160597],{"class":65},"human\n",[20,160599,160600,160601,160603],{},"Most beginners do ",[549,160602,4647],{}," need this form.",[20,160605,160606],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[45,160608,776,160610],{"id":160609},"when-to-use-type",[15,160611,2319],{},[20,160613,160614,12447],{},[15,160615,2319],{},[29,160617,160618,160621,160624,160627],{},[32,160619,160620],{},"debug unexpected values",[32,160622,160623],{},"check what a conversion produced",[32,160625,160626],{},"learn Python data types",[32,160628,160629],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160631,5480],{},[50,160633,160635],{"className":52,"code":160634,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160636,160637,160649,160663,160667,160681],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160638,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160640,34675],{"class":65},[59,160642,70],{"class":69},[59,160644,90],{"class":77},[59,160646,50049],{"class":81},[59,160648,3374],{"class":77},[59,160650,160651,160653,160655,160657,160659,160661],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160652,2236],{"class":65},[59,160654,70],{"class":69},[59,160656,45078],{"class":697},[59,160658,139],{"class":73},[59,160660,34696],{"class":142},[59,160662,165],{"class":73},[59,160664,160665],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160666,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160668,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160670,715],{"class":135},[59,160672,139],{"class":73},[59,160674,3239],{"class":697},[59,160676,139],{"class":73},[59,160678,34696],{"class":142},[59,160680,710],{"class":73},[59,160682,160683,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,160684,715],{"class":135},[59,160686,139],{"class":73},[59,160688,3239],{"class":697},[59,160690,139],{"class":73},[59,160692,896],{"class":142},[59,160694,710],{"class":73},[20,160696,168],{},[50,160698,160699],{"className":52,"code":124882,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,160700,160701,160715],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160702,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160704,1769],{"class":69},[59,160706,3310],{"class":887},[59,160708,1734],{"class":77},[59,160710,3460],{"class":81},[59,160712,1725],{"class":77},[59,160714,1788],{"class":69},[59,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160718,1769],{"class":69},[59,160720,3310],{"class":887},[59,160722,1734],{"class":77},[59,160724,2209],{"class":81},[59,160726,1725],{"class":77},[59,160728,1788],{"class":69},[20,160730,160731],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160733,160734,160735,1208,160739,17072,160743,160747],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[354,160736,160737],{"href":41975},[15,160738,47486],{},[354,160740,160741],{"href":2892},[15,160742,2895],{},[354,160744,160745],{"href":2899},[15,160746,2902],{}," are often the next step.",[45,160749,1120],{"id":1119},[20,160751,160752,160753,160755],{},"A few things about ",[15,160754,2319],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1127,160757,160759,160762],{"id":160758},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160760,160761],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160764,64451],{},[50,160766,160768],{"className":52,"code":160767,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160769,160770],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160771,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160773,715],{"class":135},[59,160775,139],{"class":73},[59,160777,3239],{"class":697},[59,160779,139],{"class":73},[59,160781,2159],{"class":178},[59,160783,710],{"class":73},[20,160785,122725],{},[50,160787,160788],{"className":52,"code":156237,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,160789,160790],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160791,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160793,1769],{"class":69},[59,160795,3310],{"class":887},[59,160797,1734],{"class":77},[59,160799,2209],{"class":81},[59,160801,1725],{"class":77},[59,160803,1788],{"class":69},[20,160805,40705,160806,160808,160809,358],{},[549,160807,4647],{}," print just ",[15,160810,2209],{},[20,160812,6684,160813,160815],{},[15,160814,2319],{}," returns a class object.",[1127,160817,160819,2414,160821],{"id":160818},"input-returns-str",[15,160820,2975],{},[15,160822,3460],{},[20,160824,79350],{},[50,160826,160828],{"className":52,"code":160827,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160829,160830,160848],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160831,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160833,2464],{"class":65},[59,160835,70],{"class":69},[59,160837,8247],{"class":135},[59,160839,139],{"class":73},[59,160841,78],{"class":77},[59,160843,46112],{"class":81},[59,160845,78],{"class":77},[59,160847,165],{"class":73},[59,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160851,715],{"class":135},[59,160853,139],{"class":73},[59,160855,3239],{"class":697},[59,160857,139],{"class":73},[59,160859,1217],{"class":142},[59,160861,710],{"class":73},[20,160863,160864],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160866,160867,160868,2896,160870,358],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160869,2895],{},[15,160871,2902],{},[1127,160873,160875],{"id":160874},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160877,160878],{},"Avoid code like this:",[50,160880,160882],{"className":52,"code":160881,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160883,160884,160892,160896,160922],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160885,160886,160888,160890],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160887,2464],{"class":65},[59,160889,70],{"class":69},[59,160891,34830],{"class":178},[59,160893,160894],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160895,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160897,160898,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918,160920],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160899,7004],{"class":120},[59,160901,48707],{"class":697},[59,160903,139],{"class":73},[59,160905,3239],{"class":697},[59,160907,139],{"class":73},[59,160909,1217],{"class":142},[59,160911,5369],{"class":73},[59,160913,6414],{"class":69},[59,160915,90],{"class":77},[59,160917,159616],{"class":81},[59,160919,78],{"class":77},[59,160921,1561],{"class":73},[59,160923,160924,160926,160928,160930,160933,160935],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160925,152],{"class":135},[59,160927,139],{"class":73},[59,160929,78],{"class":77},[59,160931,160932],{"class":81},"It is an int",[59,160934,78],{"class":77},[59,160936,165],{"class":73},[20,160938,160939],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160941,160942],{},"Better options:",[50,160944,160946],{"className":52,"code":160945,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160947,160948,160956,160960,160980],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,160949,160950,160952,160954],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,160951,2464],{"class":65},[59,160953,70],{"class":69},[59,160955,34830],{"class":178},[59,160957,160958],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,160959,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,160963,715],{"class":135},[59,160965,139],{"class":73},[59,160967,3239],{"class":697},[59,160969,139],{"class":73},[59,160971,1217],{"class":142},[59,160973,3675],{"class":73},[59,160975,6414],{"class":69},[59,160977,45078],{"class":697},[59,160979,165],{"class":73},[59,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,160983,715],{"class":135},[59,160985,139],{"class":73},[59,160987,48678],{"class":135},[59,160989,139],{"class":73},[59,160991,1217],{"class":142},[59,160993,87],{"class":73},[59,160995,45078],{"class":697},[59,160997,710],{"class":73},[20,160999,168],{},[50,161001,161002],{"className":52,"code":4520,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,161003,161004,161008],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161005,161006],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161007,3994],{"class":3867},[59,161009,161010],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161011,3994],{"class":3867},[20,161013,161014,161015,161017],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161016,44607],{}," is the more useful check.",[45,161019,1579],{"id":1578},[20,161021,14733,161022,1002],{},[15,161023,2319],{},[29,161025,161026,161036,161045,161054],{},[32,161027,1599,161028,161030,161031,161035],{},[15,161029,2319],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[354,161032,161033],{"href":8224},[15,161034,2975],{}," always returns a string",[32,161037,8456,161038,161040,161041,999,161043],{},[15,161039,2319],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161042,2209],{},[15,161044,159616],{},[32,161046,1599,161047,44431,161050,161053],{},[15,161048,161049],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161051,161052],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[32,161055,161056],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161058,161059,161060,358],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[354,161061,161063],{"href":161062},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161065,144391],{},[50,161067,161069],{"className":52,"code":161068,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161070,161071,161085,161095,161109,161119],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161072,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161074,715],{"class":135},[59,161076,139],{"class":73},[59,161078,3239],{"class":697},[59,161080,139],{"class":73},[59,161082,1217],{"class":142},[59,161084,710],{"class":73},[59,161086,161087,161089,161091,161093],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161088,715],{"class":135},[59,161090,139],{"class":73},[59,161092,1217],{"class":142},[59,161094,165],{"class":73},[59,161096,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161098,715],{"class":135},[59,161100,139],{"class":73},[59,161102,41579],{"class":135},[59,161104,139],{"class":73},[59,161106,1217],{"class":142},[59,161108,710],{"class":73},[59,161110,161111,161113,161115,161117],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,161112,32141],{"class":135},[59,161114,139],{"class":73},[59,161116,3239],{"class":697},[59,161118,165],{"class":73},[59,161120,161121,161123,161125,161127],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,161122,34360],{"class":135},[59,161124,139],{"class":73},[59,161126,1217],{"class":142},[59,161128,165],{"class":73},[20,161130,161131],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[45,161133,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,161135,1872,161137,1875],{"id":161136},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161138,2319],{},[20,161140,161141,161142,1208,161144,1208,161146,2213,161148,161150,161151,358],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161143,3460],{},[15,161145,2209],{},[15,161147,1651],{},[15,161149,8825],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161152,159613],{},[1127,161154,14903,161156,57011,161158,1905],{"id":161155},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161157,2319],{},[15,161159,44607],{},[20,161161,46167,161162,161164,161165,161167],{},[15,161163,2319],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161166,44607],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1127,161169,5169,161171,161174,161175,1905],{"id":161170},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161172,161173],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161176,3460],{},[20,161178,1397,161179,161181,161182,2896,161184,160275],{},[15,161180,2975],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161183,2895],{},[15,161185,2902],{},[1127,161187,1914,161189,161191],{"id":161188},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161190,2319],{}," create classes?",[20,161193,161194,161195,358],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161196,161197],{},"type(object)",[45,161199,1927],{"id":1926},[29,161201,161202,161206,161212,161218,161222,161228,161234],{},[32,161203,161204],{},[354,161205,44599],{"href":48781},[32,161207,161208],{},[354,161209,13,161210,536],{"href":160454},[15,161211,44607],{},[32,161213,161214],{},[354,161215,13,161216,536],{"href":8224},[15,161217,2975],{},[32,161219,161220],{},[354,161221,9062],{"href":8984},[32,161223,161224],{},[354,161225,13,161226,536],{"href":2892},[15,161227,2895],{},[32,161229,161230],{},[354,161231,13,161232,536],{"href":2899},[15,161233,2902],{},[32,161235,161236],{},[354,161237,13,161238,536],{"href":41975},[15,161239,47486],{},[1953,161241,161242],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":55,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":161244},[161245,161246,161248,161249,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161265,161266,161276],{"id":3623,"depth":110,"text":3624},{"id":159619,"depth":110,"text":161247},"What the type() function does",{"id":361,"depth":110,"text":362},{"id":121693,"depth":110,"text":121694},{"id":159977,"depth":110,"text":161251},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160283,"depth":110,"text":161253},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160459,"depth":110,"text":161255},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160609,"depth":110,"text":161257},"When to use type()",{"id":1119,"depth":110,"text":1120,"children":161259},[161260,161262,161264],{"id":160758,"depth":117,"text":161261},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160818,"depth":117,"text":161263},"input() returns str",{"id":160874,"depth":117,"text":160875},{"id":1578,"depth":110,"text":1579},{"id":1867,"depth":110,"text":1868,"children":161267},[161268,161270,161272,161274],{"id":161136,"depth":117,"text":161269},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161155,"depth":117,"text":161271},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161170,"depth":117,"text":161273},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161188,"depth":117,"text":161275},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1926,"depth":110,"text":1927},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159453,"description":161277},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161283,"title":161284,"body":161285,"description":163764,"extension":1988,"meta":163765,"navigation":113,"path":163766,"seo":163767,"stem":163768,"__hash__":163769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161286,"toc":163721},[161287,161292,161297,161306,161308,161408,161410,161435,161440,161445,161461,161464,161466,161468,161493,161496,161499,161582,161584,161633,161636,161758,161760,161833,161837,161840,161954,161956,161982,161984,162005,162010,162014,162019,162022,162126,162128,162145,162154,162157,162244,162246,162257,162262,162268,162273,162279,162282,162375,162377,162426,162432,162435,162536,162538,162591,162596,162600,162603,162702,162704,162743,162746,162751,162753,162758,162762,162875,162879,162976,162980,163068,163070,163087,163091,163214,163220,163226,163232,163237,163240,163267,163271,163273,163367,163370,163374,163377,163464,163467,163502,163504,163541,163544,163552,163557,163562,163636,163643,163645,163650,163653,163659,163662,163668,163673,163679,163684,163688,163691,163693,163718],[10,161288,13,161290,18],{"id":161289},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161291,64127],{},[20,161293,161294,161296],{},[15,161295,64127],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161298,161299,161300,161302,161303,161305],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161301,64127],{}," inside a ",[15,161304,121],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[45,161307,48],{"id":47},[50,161309,161311],{"className":52,"code":161310,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161312,161313,161345,161365,161369,161394],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161314,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161316,249],{"class":65},[59,161318,70],{"class":69},[59,161320,74],{"class":73},[59,161322,78],{"class":77},[59,161324,258],{"class":81},[59,161326,78],{"class":77},[59,161328,87],{"class":73},[59,161330,90],{"class":77},[59,161332,267],{"class":81},[59,161334,78],{"class":77},[59,161336,87],{"class":73},[59,161338,90],{"class":77},[59,161340,276],{"class":81},[59,161342,78],{"class":77},[59,161344,107],{"class":73},[59,161346,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161348,5077],{"class":65},[59,161350,70],{"class":69},[59,161352,74],{"class":73},[59,161354,13501],{"class":178},[59,161356,87],{"class":73},[59,161358,13506],{"class":178},[59,161360,87],{"class":73},[59,161362,28910],{"class":178},[59,161364,107],{"class":73},[59,161366,161367],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161368,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,161370,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,161372,121],{"class":120},[59,161374,319],{"class":65},[59,161376,87],{"class":73},[59,161378,5119],{"class":65},[59,161380,132],{"class":120},[59,161382,161383],{"class":135}," zip",[59,161385,139],{"class":73},[59,161387,304],{"class":142},[59,161389,87],{"class":73},[59,161391,5124],{"class":142},[59,161393,146],{"class":73},[59,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,161397,152],{"class":135},[59,161399,139],{"class":73},[59,161401,7676],{"class":142},[59,161403,87],{"class":73},[59,161405,130671],{"class":142},[59,161407,165],{"class":73},[20,161409,168],{},[50,161411,161413],{"className":52,"code":161412,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161414,161415,161421,161428],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161416,161417,161419],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161418,133690],{"class":65},[59,161420,33124],{"class":178},[59,161422,161423,161426],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161424,161425],{"class":65},"Ben ",[59,161427,33129],{"class":178},[59,161429,161430,161433],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161431,161432],{"class":65},"Cara ",[59,161434,33134],{"class":178},[20,161436,201,161437,161439],{},[15,161438,64127],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[45,161441,208,161443,211],{"id":161442},"what-zip-does",[15,161444,64127],{},[29,161446,161447,161452,161455,161458],{},[32,161448,161449,161451],{},[15,161450,64127],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[32,161453,161454],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[32,161456,161457],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[32,161459,161460],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161462,161463],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[45,161465,362],{"id":361},[20,161467,7225],{},[50,161469,161471],{"className":52,"code":161470,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161472,161473],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161474,161475,161477,161479,161482,161484,161487,161489,161491],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161476,64197],{"class":135},[59,161478,139],{"class":73},[59,161480,161481],{"class":142},"iterable1",[59,161483,87],{"class":73},[59,161485,161486],{"class":142}," iterable2",[59,161488,87],{"class":73},[59,161490,34441],{"class":135},[59,161492,165],{"class":73},[20,161494,161495],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161497,161498],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[50,161500,161502],{"className":52,"code":161501,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161503,161504,161524,161556,161560],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161505,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161507,664],{"class":65},[59,161509,70],{"class":69},[59,161511,74],{"class":73},[59,161513,187],{"class":178},[59,161515,87],{"class":73},[59,161517,3009],{"class":178},[59,161519,87],{"class":73},[59,161521,2469],{"class":178},[59,161523,107],{"class":73},[59,161525,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161527,425],{"class":65},[59,161529,70],{"class":69},[59,161531,74],{"class":73},[59,161533,78],{"class":77},[59,161535,354],{"class":81},[59,161537,78],{"class":77},[59,161539,87],{"class":73},[59,161541,90],{"class":77},[59,161543,442],{"class":81},[59,161545,78],{"class":77},[59,161547,87],{"class":73},[59,161549,90],{"class":77},[59,161551,451],{"class":81},[59,161553,78],{"class":77},[59,161555,107],{"class":73},[59,161557,161558],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161559,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,161561,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,161563,715],{"class":135},[59,161565,139],{"class":73},[59,161567,1651],{"class":697},[59,161569,139],{"class":73},[59,161571,64197],{"class":135},[59,161573,139],{"class":73},[59,161575,707],{"class":142},[59,161577,87],{"class":73},[59,161579,69904],{"class":142},[59,161581,1706],{"class":73},[20,161583,168],{},[50,161585,161587],{"className":52,"code":161586,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161588,161589],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161590,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161592,734],{"class":73},[59,161594,187],{"class":178},[59,161596,87],{"class":73},[59,161598,1734],{"class":77},[59,161600,354],{"class":81},[59,161602,1725],{"class":77},[59,161604,744],{"class":73},[59,161606,747],{"class":73},[59,161608,195],{"class":178},[59,161610,87],{"class":73},[59,161612,1734],{"class":77},[59,161614,442],{"class":81},[59,161616,1725],{"class":77},[59,161618,744],{"class":73},[59,161620,747],{"class":73},[59,161622,950],{"class":178},[59,161624,87],{"class":73},[59,161626,1734],{"class":77},[59,161628,451],{"class":81},[59,161630,1725],{"class":77},[59,161632,766],{"class":73},[20,161634,161635],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[50,161637,161639],{"className":52,"code":161638,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161640,161641,161673,161693,161727,161731],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161642,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161644,249],{"class":65},[59,161646,70],{"class":69},[59,161648,74],{"class":73},[59,161650,78],{"class":77},[59,161652,258],{"class":81},[59,161654,78],{"class":77},[59,161656,87],{"class":73},[59,161658,90],{"class":77},[59,161660,267],{"class":81},[59,161662,78],{"class":77},[59,161664,87],{"class":73},[59,161666,90],{"class":77},[59,161668,276],{"class":81},[59,161670,78],{"class":77},[59,161672,107],{"class":73},[59,161674,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161676,5077],{"class":65},[59,161678,70],{"class":69},[59,161680,74],{"class":73},[59,161682,13501],{"class":178},[59,161684,87],{"class":73},[59,161686,13506],{"class":178},[59,161688,87],{"class":73},[59,161690,28910],{"class":178},[59,161692,107],{"class":73},[59,161694,161695,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161723,161725],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161696,161697],{"class":65},"grades ",[59,161699,70],{"class":69},[59,161701,74],{"class":73},[59,161703,78],{"class":77},[59,161705,22242],{"class":81},[59,161707,78],{"class":77},[59,161709,87],{"class":73},[59,161711,90],{"class":77},[59,161713,30588],{"class":81},[59,161715,78],{"class":77},[59,161717,87],{"class":73},[59,161719,90],{"class":77},[59,161721,161722],{"class":81},"B+",[59,161724,78],{"class":77},[59,161726,107],{"class":73},[59,161728,161729],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,161730,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,161732,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161756],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,161734,715],{"class":135},[59,161736,139],{"class":73},[59,161738,1651],{"class":697},[59,161740,139],{"class":73},[59,161742,64197],{"class":135},[59,161744,139],{"class":73},[59,161746,304],{"class":142},[59,161748,87],{"class":73},[59,161750,5124],{"class":142},[59,161752,87],{"class":73},[59,161754,161755],{"class":142}," grades",[59,161757,1706],{"class":73},[20,161759,168],{},[50,161761,161763],{"className":52,"code":161762,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161764,161765],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161766,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161768,734],{"class":73},[59,161770,1725],{"class":77},[59,161772,258],{"class":81},[59,161774,1725],{"class":77},[59,161776,87],{"class":73},[59,161778,19897],{"class":178},[59,161780,87],{"class":73},[59,161782,1734],{"class":77},[59,161784,22242],{"class":81},[59,161786,1725],{"class":77},[59,161788,744],{"class":73},[59,161790,747],{"class":73},[59,161792,1725],{"class":77},[59,161794,267],{"class":81},[59,161796,1725],{"class":77},[59,161798,87],{"class":73},[59,161800,13506],{"class":178},[59,161802,87],{"class":73},[59,161804,1734],{"class":77},[59,161806,30588],{"class":81},[59,161808,1725],{"class":77},[59,161810,744],{"class":73},[59,161812,747],{"class":73},[59,161814,1725],{"class":77},[59,161816,276],{"class":81},[59,161818,1725],{"class":77},[59,161820,87],{"class":73},[59,161822,28910],{"class":178},[59,161824,87],{"class":73},[59,161826,1734],{"class":77},[59,161828,161722],{"class":81},[59,161830,1725],{"class":77},[59,161832,766],{"class":73},[45,161834,161836],{"id":161835},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161838,161839],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[50,161841,161843],{"className":52,"code":161842,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161844,161845,161877,161897,161901,161925],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161846,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161848,249],{"class":65},[59,161850,70],{"class":69},[59,161852,74],{"class":73},[59,161854,78],{"class":77},[59,161856,258],{"class":81},[59,161858,78],{"class":77},[59,161860,87],{"class":73},[59,161862,90],{"class":77},[59,161864,267],{"class":81},[59,161866,78],{"class":77},[59,161868,87],{"class":73},[59,161870,90],{"class":77},[59,161872,276],{"class":81},[59,161874,78],{"class":77},[59,161876,107],{"class":73},[59,161878,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161880,5077],{"class":65},[59,161882,70],{"class":69},[59,161884,74],{"class":73},[59,161886,13501],{"class":178},[59,161888,87],{"class":73},[59,161890,13506],{"class":178},[59,161892,87],{"class":73},[59,161894,28910],{"class":178},[59,161896,107],{"class":73},[59,161898,161899],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161900,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,161902,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,161904,121],{"class":120},[59,161906,319],{"class":65},[59,161908,87],{"class":73},[59,161910,5119],{"class":65},[59,161912,132],{"class":120},[59,161914,161383],{"class":135},[59,161916,139],{"class":73},[59,161918,304],{"class":142},[59,161920,87],{"class":73},[59,161922,5124],{"class":142},[59,161924,146],{"class":73},[59,161926,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,161928,152],{"class":135},[59,161930,139],{"class":73},[59,161932,888],{"class":887},[59,161934,78],{"class":81},[59,161936,893],{"class":178},[59,161938,7676],{"class":142},[59,161940,899],{"class":178},[59,161942,161943],{"class":81}," scored ",[59,161945,893],{"class":178},[59,161947,85328],{"class":142},[59,161949,899],{"class":178},[59,161951,78],{"class":81},[59,161953,165],{"class":73},[20,161955,168],{},[50,161957,161959],{"className":52,"code":161958,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161960,161961,161968,161975],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,161962,161963,161966],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,161964,161965],{"class":65},"Ana scored ",[59,161967,33124],{"class":178},[59,161969,161970,161973],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,161971,161972],{"class":65},"Ben scored ",[59,161974,33129],{"class":178},[59,161976,161977,161980],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,161978,161979],{"class":65},"Cara scored ",[59,161981,33134],{"class":178},[20,161983,44732],{},[29,161985,161986,161995,161998],{},[32,161987,161988,161991,161992],{},[15,161989,161990],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161993,161994],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[32,161996,161997],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[32,161999,162000,4408,162002,162004],{},[15,162001,7676],{},[15,162003,85328],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162006,162007,162008,358],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[354,162009,69421],{"href":69420},[45,162011,162013],{"id":162012},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162015,162016,162018],{},[15,162017,64127],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162020,162021],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[50,162023,162025],{"className":52,"code":162024,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162026,162027,162068,162084,162088,162112],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162028,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162064,162066],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162030,249],{"class":65},[59,162032,70],{"class":69},[59,162034,74],{"class":73},[59,162036,78],{"class":77},[59,162038,258],{"class":81},[59,162040,78],{"class":77},[59,162042,87],{"class":73},[59,162044,90],{"class":77},[59,162046,267],{"class":81},[59,162048,78],{"class":77},[59,162050,87],{"class":73},[59,162052,90],{"class":77},[59,162054,276],{"class":81},[59,162056,78],{"class":77},[59,162058,87],{"class":73},[59,162060,90],{"class":77},[59,162062,162063],{"class":81},"Dan",[59,162065,78],{"class":77},[59,162067,107],{"class":73},[59,162069,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162071,5077],{"class":65},[59,162073,70],{"class":69},[59,162075,74],{"class":73},[59,162077,13501],{"class":178},[59,162079,87],{"class":73},[59,162081,13506],{"class":178},[59,162083,107],{"class":73},[59,162085,162086],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162087,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162089,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162091,121],{"class":120},[59,162093,319],{"class":65},[59,162095,87],{"class":73},[59,162097,5119],{"class":65},[59,162099,132],{"class":120},[59,162101,161383],{"class":135},[59,162103,139],{"class":73},[59,162105,304],{"class":142},[59,162107,87],{"class":73},[59,162109,5124],{"class":142},[59,162111,146],{"class":73},[59,162113,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162115,152],{"class":135},[59,162117,139],{"class":73},[59,162119,7676],{"class":142},[59,162121,87],{"class":73},[59,162123,130671],{"class":142},[59,162125,165],{"class":73},[20,162127,168],{},[50,162129,162131],{"className":52,"code":162130,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162132,162133,162139],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162134,162135,162137],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162136,133690],{"class":65},[59,162138,33124],{"class":178},[59,162140,162141,162143],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162142,161425],{"class":65},[59,162144,33129],{"class":178},[20,162146,2303,162147,4408,162150,162153],{},[15,162148,162149],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162151,162152],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162155,162156],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[50,162158,162160],{"className":52,"code":162159,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162161,162162,162202,162218,162222],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162163,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162165,249],{"class":65},[59,162167,70],{"class":69},[59,162169,74],{"class":73},[59,162171,78],{"class":77},[59,162173,258],{"class":81},[59,162175,78],{"class":77},[59,162177,87],{"class":73},[59,162179,90],{"class":77},[59,162181,267],{"class":81},[59,162183,78],{"class":77},[59,162185,87],{"class":73},[59,162187,90],{"class":77},[59,162189,276],{"class":81},[59,162191,78],{"class":77},[59,162193,87],{"class":73},[59,162195,90],{"class":77},[59,162197,162063],{"class":81},[59,162199,78],{"class":77},[59,162201,107],{"class":73},[59,162203,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162205,5077],{"class":65},[59,162207,70],{"class":69},[59,162209,74],{"class":73},[59,162211,13501],{"class":178},[59,162213,87],{"class":73},[59,162215,13506],{"class":178},[59,162217,107],{"class":73},[59,162219,162220],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162221,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162223,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162225,715],{"class":135},[59,162227,139],{"class":73},[59,162229,11163],{"class":135},[59,162231,139],{"class":73},[59,162233,304],{"class":142},[59,162235,744],{"class":73},[59,162237,38184],{"class":135},[59,162239,139],{"class":73},[59,162241,16389],{"class":142},[59,162243,710],{"class":73},[20,162245,168],{},[50,162247,162249],{"className":52,"code":162248,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"4 2\n",[15,162250,162251],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162252,162253,162255],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162254,2522],{"class":178},[59,162256,45391],{"class":178},[20,162258,162259,162260,358],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162261,64127],{},[45,162263,91919,162265,162267],{"id":162264},"converting-zip-output",[15,162266,64127],{}," output",[20,162269,1397,162270,162272],{},[15,162271,64127],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1127,162274,201,162276],{"id":162275},"use-listzip",[15,162277,162278],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162280,162281],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[50,162283,162285],{"className":52,"code":162284,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162286,162287,162319,162339,162343,162365],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162288,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162290,249],{"class":65},[59,162292,70],{"class":69},[59,162294,74],{"class":73},[59,162296,78],{"class":77},[59,162298,258],{"class":81},[59,162300,78],{"class":77},[59,162302,87],{"class":73},[59,162304,90],{"class":77},[59,162306,267],{"class":81},[59,162308,78],{"class":77},[59,162310,87],{"class":73},[59,162312,90],{"class":77},[59,162314,276],{"class":81},[59,162316,78],{"class":77},[59,162318,107],{"class":73},[59,162320,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162322,5077],{"class":65},[59,162324,70],{"class":69},[59,162326,74],{"class":73},[59,162328,13501],{"class":178},[59,162330,87],{"class":73},[59,162332,13506],{"class":178},[59,162334,87],{"class":73},[59,162336,28910],{"class":178},[59,162338,107],{"class":73},[59,162340,162341],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162342,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162344,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162346,9219],{"class":65},[59,162348,70],{"class":69},[59,162350,698],{"class":697},[59,162352,139],{"class":73},[59,162354,64197],{"class":135},[59,162356,139],{"class":73},[59,162358,304],{"class":142},[59,162360,87],{"class":73},[59,162362,5124],{"class":142},[59,162364,710],{"class":73},[59,162366,162367,162369,162371,162373],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162368,715],{"class":135},[59,162370,139],{"class":73},[59,162372,9263],{"class":142},[59,162374,165],{"class":73},[20,162376,168],{},[50,162378,162380],{"className":52,"code":162379,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162381,162382],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162383,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162385,734],{"class":73},[59,162387,1725],{"class":77},[59,162389,258],{"class":81},[59,162391,1725],{"class":77},[59,162393,87],{"class":73},[59,162395,19897],{"class":178},[59,162397,744],{"class":73},[59,162399,747],{"class":73},[59,162401,1725],{"class":77},[59,162403,267],{"class":81},[59,162405,1725],{"class":77},[59,162407,87],{"class":73},[59,162409,13506],{"class":178},[59,162411,744],{"class":73},[59,162413,747],{"class":73},[59,162415,1725],{"class":77},[59,162417,276],{"class":81},[59,162419,1725],{"class":77},[59,162421,87],{"class":73},[59,162423,28910],{"class":178},[59,162425,766],{"class":73},[1127,162427,201,162429],{"id":162428},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162430,162431],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162433,162434],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[50,162436,162438],{"className":52,"code":162437,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162439,162440,162472,162500,162504,162526],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162441,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162443,17242],{"class":65},[59,162445,70],{"class":69},[59,162447,74],{"class":73},[59,162449,78],{"class":77},[59,162451,7676],{"class":81},[59,162453,78],{"class":77},[59,162455,87],{"class":73},[59,162457,90],{"class":77},[59,162459,9299],{"class":81},[59,162461,78],{"class":77},[59,162463,87],{"class":73},[59,162465,90],{"class":77},[59,162467,10409],{"class":81},[59,162469,78],{"class":77},[59,162471,107],{"class":73},[59,162473,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162475,3837],{"class":65},[59,162477,70],{"class":69},[59,162479,74],{"class":73},[59,162481,78],{"class":77},[59,162483,258],{"class":81},[59,162485,78],{"class":77},[59,162487,87],{"class":73},[59,162489,9306],{"class":178},[59,162491,87],{"class":73},[59,162493,90],{"class":77},[59,162495,16031],{"class":81},[59,162497,78],{"class":77},[59,162499,107],{"class":73},[59,162501,162502],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162503,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162505,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162507,13203],{"class":65},[59,162509,70],{"class":69},[59,162511,9175],{"class":697},[59,162513,139],{"class":73},[59,162515,64197],{"class":135},[59,162517,139],{"class":73},[59,162519,16924],{"class":142},[59,162521,87],{"class":73},[59,162523,3899],{"class":142},[59,162525,710],{"class":73},[59,162527,162528,162530,162532,162534],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162529,715],{"class":135},[59,162531,139],{"class":73},[59,162533,17307],{"class":142},[59,162535,165],{"class":73},[20,162537,168],{},[50,162539,162541],{"className":52,"code":162540,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162542,162543],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162544,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162546,893],{"class":73},[59,162548,1725],{"class":77},[59,162550,7676],{"class":81},[59,162552,1725],{"class":77},[59,162554,1002],{"class":73},[59,162556,1734],{"class":77},[59,162558,258],{"class":81},[59,162560,1725],{"class":77},[59,162562,87],{"class":73},[59,162564,1734],{"class":77},[59,162566,9299],{"class":81},[59,162568,1725],{"class":77},[59,162570,1002],{"class":73},[59,162572,9306],{"class":178},[59,162574,87],{"class":73},[59,162576,1734],{"class":77},[59,162578,10409],{"class":81},[59,162580,1725],{"class":77},[59,162582,1002],{"class":73},[59,162584,1734],{"class":77},[59,162586,16031],{"class":81},[59,162588,1725],{"class":77},[59,162590,9309],{"class":73},[20,162592,162593,162594,358],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[354,162595,31075],{"href":31074},[1127,162597,162599],{"id":162598},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162601,162602],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[50,162604,162606],{"className":52,"code":162605,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162607,162608,162632,162648,162652,162670,162674,162688],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162609,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162611,249],{"class":65},[59,162613,70],{"class":69},[59,162615,74],{"class":73},[59,162617,78],{"class":77},[59,162619,258],{"class":81},[59,162621,78],{"class":77},[59,162623,87],{"class":73},[59,162625,90],{"class":77},[59,162627,267],{"class":81},[59,162629,78],{"class":77},[59,162631,107],{"class":73},[59,162633,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162635,5077],{"class":65},[59,162637,70],{"class":69},[59,162639,74],{"class":73},[59,162641,13501],{"class":178},[59,162643,87],{"class":73},[59,162645,13506],{"class":178},[59,162647,107],{"class":73},[59,162649,162650],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162651,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162653,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162655,9219],{"class":65},[59,162657,70],{"class":69},[59,162659,161383],{"class":135},[59,162661,139],{"class":73},[59,162663,304],{"class":142},[59,162665,87],{"class":73},[59,162667,5124],{"class":142},[59,162669,165],{"class":73},[59,162671,162672],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162673,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162675,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,162677,715],{"class":135},[59,162679,139],{"class":73},[59,162681,1651],{"class":697},[59,162683,139],{"class":73},[59,162685,9263],{"class":142},[59,162687,710],{"class":73},[59,162689,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,162691,715],{"class":135},[59,162693,139],{"class":73},[59,162695,1651],{"class":697},[59,162697,139],{"class":73},[59,162699,9263],{"class":142},[59,162701,710],{"class":73},[20,162703,168],{},[50,162705,162707],{"className":52,"code":162706,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162708,162709,162739],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162710,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162712,734],{"class":73},[59,162714,1725],{"class":77},[59,162716,258],{"class":81},[59,162718,1725],{"class":77},[59,162720,87],{"class":73},[59,162722,19897],{"class":178},[59,162724,744],{"class":73},[59,162726,747],{"class":73},[59,162728,1725],{"class":77},[59,162730,267],{"class":81},[59,162732,1725],{"class":77},[59,162734,87],{"class":73},[59,162736,13506],{"class":178},[59,162738,766],{"class":73},[59,162740,162741],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162742,38095],{"class":73},[20,162744,162745],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162747,162748,162749,358],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[354,162750,1491],{"href":1490},[45,162752,40845],{"id":40844},[20,162754,162755,162756,358],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162757,64127],{},[1127,162759,162761],{"id":162760},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[50,162763,162765],{"className":52,"code":162764,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162766,162767,162799,162819,162823,162847],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162768,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162770,249],{"class":65},[59,162772,70],{"class":69},[59,162774,74],{"class":73},[59,162776,78],{"class":77},[59,162778,258],{"class":81},[59,162780,78],{"class":77},[59,162782,87],{"class":73},[59,162784,90],{"class":77},[59,162786,267],{"class":81},[59,162788,78],{"class":77},[59,162790,87],{"class":73},[59,162792,90],{"class":77},[59,162794,276],{"class":81},[59,162796,78],{"class":77},[59,162798,107],{"class":73},[59,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162802,5077],{"class":65},[59,162804,70],{"class":69},[59,162806,74],{"class":73},[59,162808,13501],{"class":178},[59,162810,87],{"class":73},[59,162812,13506],{"class":178},[59,162814,87],{"class":73},[59,162816,28910],{"class":178},[59,162818,107],{"class":73},[59,162820,162821],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162822,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162824,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162826,121],{"class":120},[59,162828,319],{"class":65},[59,162830,87],{"class":73},[59,162832,5119],{"class":65},[59,162834,132],{"class":120},[59,162836,161383],{"class":135},[59,162838,139],{"class":73},[59,162840,304],{"class":142},[59,162842,87],{"class":73},[59,162844,5124],{"class":142},[59,162846,146],{"class":73},[59,162848,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162850,152],{"class":135},[59,162852,139],{"class":73},[59,162854,888],{"class":887},[59,162856,78],{"class":81},[59,162858,893],{"class":178},[59,162860,7676],{"class":142},[59,162862,899],{"class":178},[59,162864,22301],{"class":81},[59,162866,893],{"class":178},[59,162868,85328],{"class":142},[59,162870,899],{"class":178},[59,162872,78],{"class":81},[59,162874,165],{"class":73},[1127,162876,162878],{"id":162877},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[50,162880,162882],{"className":52,"code":162881,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162883,162884,162916,162940,162944,162966],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162885,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162887,17242],{"class":65},[59,162889,70],{"class":69},[59,162891,74],{"class":73},[59,162893,78],{"class":77},[59,162895,12652],{"class":81},[59,162897,78],{"class":77},[59,162899,87],{"class":73},[59,162901,90],{"class":77},[59,162903,7676],{"class":81},[59,162905,78],{"class":77},[59,162907,87],{"class":73},[59,162909,90],{"class":77},[59,162911,15821],{"class":81},[59,162913,78],{"class":77},[59,162915,107],{"class":73},[59,162917,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,162919,3837],{"class":65},[59,162921,70],{"class":69},[59,162923,74],{"class":73},[59,162925,46394],{"class":178},[59,162927,87],{"class":73},[59,162929,90],{"class":77},[59,162931,258],{"class":81},[59,162933,78],{"class":77},[59,162935,87],{"class":73},[59,162937,3930],{"class":3867},[59,162939,107],{"class":73},[59,162941,162942],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,162943,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,162945,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,162947,9170],{"class":65},[59,162949,70],{"class":69},[59,162951,9175],{"class":697},[59,162953,139],{"class":73},[59,162955,64197],{"class":135},[59,162957,139],{"class":73},[59,162959,16924],{"class":142},[59,162961,87],{"class":73},[59,162963,3899],{"class":142},[59,162965,710],{"class":73},[59,162967,162968,162970,162972,162974],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,162969,715],{"class":135},[59,162971,139],{"class":73},[59,162973,9208],{"class":142},[59,162975,165],{"class":73},[1127,162977,162979],{"id":162978},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[50,162981,162983],{"className":52,"code":162982,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162984,162985,163005,163025,163029,163054],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,162986,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,162988,80466],{"class":65},[59,162990,70],{"class":69},[59,162992,74],{"class":73},[59,162994,671],{"class":178},[59,162996,87],{"class":73},[59,162998,676],{"class":178},[59,163000,87],{"class":73},[59,163002,681],{"class":178},[59,163004,107],{"class":73},[59,163006,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163008,80487],{"class":65},[59,163010,70],{"class":69},[59,163012,74],{"class":73},[59,163014,671],{"class":178},[59,163016,87],{"class":73},[59,163018,9306],{"class":178},[59,163020,87],{"class":73},[59,163022,681],{"class":178},[59,163024,107],{"class":73},[59,163026,163027],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163028,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163030,163031,163033,163035,163037,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,163032,121],{"class":120},[59,163034,56693],{"class":65},[59,163036,87],{"class":73},[59,163038,163039],{"class":65}," b ",[59,163041,132],{"class":120},[59,163043,161383],{"class":135},[59,163045,139],{"class":73},[59,163047,111558],{"class":142},[59,163049,87],{"class":73},[59,163051,80530],{"class":142},[59,163053,146],{"class":73},[59,163055,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,163057,152],{"class":135},[59,163059,139],{"class":73},[59,163061,2572],{"class":142},[59,163063,4705],{"class":69},[59,163065,2577],{"class":142},[59,163067,165],{"class":73},[20,163069,168],{},[50,163071,163073],{"className":52,"code":163072,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163074,163075,163079,163083],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163076,163077],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163078,3994],{"class":3867},[59,163080,163081],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163082,4055],{"class":3867},[59,163084,163085],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163086,3994],{"class":3867},[1127,163088,163090],{"id":163089},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[50,163092,163094],{"className":52,"code":163093,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163095,163096,163131,163154,163158,163185],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163097,163098,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163118,163120,163122,163124,163127,163129],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163099,163100],{"class":65},"products ",[59,163102,70],{"class":69},[59,163104,74],{"class":73},[59,163106,78],{"class":77},[59,163108,25133],{"class":81},[59,163110,78],{"class":77},[59,163112,87],{"class":73},[59,163114,90],{"class":77},[59,163116,163117],{"class":81},"Pen",[59,163119,78],{"class":77},[59,163121,87],{"class":73},[59,163123,90],{"class":77},[59,163125,163126],{"class":81},"Bag",[59,163128,78],{"class":77},[59,163130,107],{"class":73},[59,163132,163133,163135,163137,163139,163142,163144,163147,163149,163152],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163134,82856],{"class":65},[59,163136,70],{"class":69},[59,163138,74],{"class":73},[59,163140,163141],{"class":178},"12.5",[59,163143,87],{"class":73},[59,163145,163146],{"class":178}," 1.2",[59,163148,87],{"class":73},[59,163150,163151],{"class":178}," 25.0",[59,163153,107],{"class":73},[59,163155,163156],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163157,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163159,163160,163162,163164,163166,163169,163171,163173,163175,163178,163180,163183],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,163161,121],{"class":120},[59,163163,25194],{"class":65},[59,163165,87],{"class":73},[59,163167,163168],{"class":65}," price ",[59,163170,132],{"class":120},[59,163172,161383],{"class":135},[59,163174,139],{"class":73},[59,163176,163177],{"class":142},"products",[59,163179,87],{"class":73},[59,163181,163182],{"class":142}," prices",[59,163184,146],{"class":73},[59,163186,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,163188,152],{"class":135},[59,163190,139],{"class":73},[59,163192,888],{"class":887},[59,163194,78],{"class":81},[59,163196,893],{"class":178},[59,163198,26999],{"class":142},[59,163200,899],{"class":178},[59,163202,163203],{"class":81}," costs $",[59,163205,893],{"class":178},[59,163207,25142],{"class":142},[59,163209,899],{"class":178},[59,163211,78],{"class":81},[59,163213,165],{"class":73},[20,163215,973,163216,358],{},[354,163217,163219],{"href":163218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[45,163221,163223,163224],{"id":163222},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163225,64127],{},[1127,163227,8456,163229,163231],{"id":163228},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163230,64127],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163233,163234,163236],{},[15,163235,64127],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163238,163239],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[50,163241,163243],{"className":52,"code":163242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163244,163245],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163246,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163248,715],{"class":135},[59,163250,139],{"class":73},[59,163252,11163],{"class":135},[59,163254,139],{"class":73},[59,163256,111558],{"class":142},[59,163258,744],{"class":73},[59,163260,38184],{"class":135},[59,163262,139],{"class":73},[59,163264,80753],{"class":142},[59,163266,710],{"class":73},[1127,163268,163270],{"id":163269},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163272,68644],{},[50,163274,163276],{"className":52,"code":163275,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163277,163278,163314,163318,163331,163341,163345,163357],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163279,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163281,9219],{"class":65},[59,163283,70],{"class":69},[59,163285,161383],{"class":135},[59,163287,1629],{"class":73},[59,163289,187],{"class":178},[59,163291,87],{"class":73},[59,163293,3009],{"class":178},[59,163295,1697],{"class":73},[59,163297,74],{"class":73},[59,163299,78],{"class":77},[59,163301,354],{"class":81},[59,163303,78],{"class":77},[59,163305,87],{"class":73},[59,163307,90],{"class":77},[59,163309,442],{"class":81},[59,163311,78],{"class":77},[59,163313,3902],{"class":73},[59,163315,163316],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163317,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163329],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163321,121],{"class":120},[59,163323,1288],{"class":65},[59,163325,132],{"class":120},[59,163327,163328],{"class":65}," pairs",[59,163330,1561],{"class":73},[59,163332,163333,163335,163337,163339],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,163334,152],{"class":135},[59,163336,139],{"class":73},[59,163338,23304],{"class":142},[59,163340,165],{"class":73},[59,163342,163343],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,163344,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163346,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355],{"class":61,"line":3419},[59,163348,121],{"class":120},[59,163350,1288],{"class":65},[59,163352,132],{"class":120},[59,163354,163328],{"class":65},[59,163356,1561],{"class":73},[59,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365],{"class":61,"line":6421},[59,163360,152],{"class":135},[59,163362,139],{"class":73},[59,163364,23304],{"class":142},[59,163366,165],{"class":73},[20,163368,163369],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1127,163371,163373],{"id":163372},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163375,163376],{},"This is correct:",[50,163378,163380],{"className":52,"code":163379,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163381,163382,163406,163422,163426,163450],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163383,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163385,249],{"class":65},[59,163387,70],{"class":69},[59,163389,74],{"class":73},[59,163391,78],{"class":77},[59,163393,258],{"class":81},[59,163395,78],{"class":77},[59,163397,87],{"class":73},[59,163399,90],{"class":77},[59,163401,267],{"class":81},[59,163403,78],{"class":77},[59,163405,107],{"class":73},[59,163407,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163409,5077],{"class":65},[59,163411,70],{"class":69},[59,163413,74],{"class":73},[59,163415,13501],{"class":178},[59,163417,87],{"class":73},[59,163419,13506],{"class":178},[59,163421,107],{"class":73},[59,163423,163424],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163425,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163427,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,163429,121],{"class":120},[59,163431,319],{"class":65},[59,163433,87],{"class":73},[59,163435,5119],{"class":65},[59,163437,132],{"class":120},[59,163439,161383],{"class":135},[59,163441,139],{"class":73},[59,163443,304],{"class":142},[59,163445,87],{"class":73},[59,163447,5124],{"class":142},[59,163449,146],{"class":73},[59,163451,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462],{"class":61,"line":1744},[59,163453,152],{"class":135},[59,163455,139],{"class":73},[59,163457,7676],{"class":142},[59,163459,87],{"class":73},[59,163461,130671],{"class":142},[59,163463,165],{"class":73},[20,163465,163466],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[50,163468,163470],{"className":52,"code":163469,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163471,163472,163492],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163473,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163475,121],{"class":120},[59,163477,1288],{"class":65},[59,163479,132],{"class":120},[59,163481,161383],{"class":135},[59,163483,139],{"class":73},[59,163485,304],{"class":142},[59,163487,87],{"class":73},[59,163489,5124],{"class":142},[59,163491,146],{"class":73},[59,163493,163494,163496,163498,163500],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163495,152],{"class":135},[59,163497,139],{"class":73},[59,163499,23304],{"class":142},[59,163501,165],{"class":73},[20,163503,168],{},[50,163505,163507],{"className":52,"code":163506,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163508,163509,163525],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163510,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163512,139],{"class":73},[59,163514,1725],{"class":77},[59,163516,258],{"class":81},[59,163518,1725],{"class":77},[59,163520,87],{"class":73},[59,163522,19897],{"class":178},[59,163524,165],{"class":73},[59,163526,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163528,139],{"class":73},[59,163530,1725],{"class":77},[59,163532,267],{"class":81},[59,163534,1725],{"class":77},[59,163536,87],{"class":73},[59,163538,13506],{"class":178},[59,163540,165],{"class":73},[20,163542,163543],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1127,163545,1599,163547,163549,163550],{"id":163546},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163548,64127],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163551,17],{},[20,163553,201,163554,163556],{},[15,163555,64127],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163558,201,163559,163561],{},[15,163560,17],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[50,163563,163564],{"className":52,"code":242,"language":54,"meta":55,"style":55},[15,163565,163566,163598,163602,163622],{"__ignoreMap":55},[59,163567,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596],{"class":61,"line":62},[59,163569,249],{"class":65},[59,163571,70],{"class":69},[59,163573,74],{"class":73},[59,163575,78],{"class":77},[59,163577,258],{"class":81},[59,163579,78],{"class":77},[59,163581,87],{"class":73},[59,163583,90],{"class":77},[59,163585,267],{"class":81},[59,163587,78],{"class":77},[59,163589,87],{"class":73},[59,163591,90],{"class":77},[59,163593,276],{"class":81},[59,163595,78],{"class":77},[59,163597,107],{"class":73},[59,163599,163600],{"class":61,"line":110},[59,163601,114],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":113},[59,163603,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620],{"class":61,"line":117},[59,163605,121],{"class":120},[59,163607,124],{"class":65},[59,163609,87],{"class":73},[59,163611,295],{"class":65},[59,163613,132],{"class":120},[59,163615,136],{"class":135},[59,163617,139],{"class":73},[59,163619,304],{"class":142},[59,163621,146],{"class":73},[59,163623,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634],{"class":61,"line":149},[59,163625,152],{"class":135},[59,163627,139],{"class":73},[59,163629,157],{"class":142},[59,163631,87],{"class":73},[59,163633,319],{"class":142},[59,163635,165],{"class":73},[20,163637,163638,163639,358],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[354,163640,13,163641,536],{"href":91831},[15,163642,17],{},[45,163644,1868],{"id":1867},[1127,163646,1872,163648,1875],{"id":163647},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163649,64127],{},[20,163651,163652],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1127,163654,1882,163656,163658],{"id":163655},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163657,64127],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163660,163661],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1127,163663,163665,163666,1905],{"id":163664},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163667,64127],{},[20,163669,163670,163671,358],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163672,162278],{},[1127,163674,163676,163677,1905],{"id":163675},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163678,64127],{},[20,163680,128036,163681,163683],{},[15,163682,162431],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1127,163685,163687],{"id":163686},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163689,163690],{},"A zip object is an iterator. 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